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Kegyes D, Ghiaur G, Bancos A, Tomuleasa C, Gale RP. Immune therapies of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children and adults. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 196:104317. [PMID: 38437908 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (B-cell ALL) is a common haematologic cancer in children and adults. About 10 percent of children and 50 percent of adults fail to achieve a histological complete remission or subsequently relapse despite current anti-leukaemia drug therapies and/or haematopoietic cell transplants. Several new immune therapies including monoclonal antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cells are proved safe and effective in this setting. We review data on US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved immune therapies for B-cell ALL in children and adults including blinatumomab, inotuzumab ozogamicin, tisagenlecleucel, and brexucabtagene autoleucel. We also summarize pharmaco-dynamics, pharmaco-kinetics, and pharmaco-economics of these interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kegyes
- Department of Hematology-Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj Napoca, Romania; Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, Cluj Napoca, Romania; Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriel Ghiaur
- Department of Hematology-Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj Napoca, Romania; Department of Leukemia, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anamaria Bancos
- Department of Hematology-Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj Napoca, Romania; Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Department of Hematology-Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj Napoca, Romania; Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, Cluj Napoca, Romania; Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Robert Peter Gale
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK; Department of Hematologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China; Department of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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2
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Ning X, Jing Y, Cheng Z, Li J. In Silico Investigation of Palladium-Catalyzed Chemoselective Monoalkoxycarbonylation of 1,3-diynes for Conjugated Enynes Synthesis. Chemphyschem 2024; 25:e202300620. [PMID: 38282087 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed monoalkoxycarbonylation of 1,3-diynes provides a chemoselective method for the construction of synthetically useful conjugated enynes. Here, in silico unraveling the detailed mechanism of this reaction and the origin of chemoselectivity were conducted. It is shown that the alkoxycarbonylation reaction preferably proceeds by a NH-Pd pathway, which including three substeps: hydropalladation, CO migratory insertion and methanolysis. The effectiveness of the NH-Pd catalytic system is attributed to the alkynyl-palladium π-back-bonding interaction, C-H⋅⋅⋅π interaction in reactant moiety and d-pπ conjugation between the Pd center and alkenyl group. The hydropalladation step was identified as the rate- and chemoselectivity-determining step, and the first alkoxycarbonylation requires a much lower energy barrier in comparison with the second alkoxycarbonylation, in line with the experimental outcomes that the monoalkoxycarbonylation product was obtained in high yield. Distortion-interaction analysis indicates the more favorable monoalkoxycarbonylation (compared to double alkoxycarbonylation) is caused by steric effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Ning
- Department of Basic Education, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, P. R. China
| | - Yaru Jing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, PCFM Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Zuohui Cheng
- Department of Basic Education, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Basic Education, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, P. R. China
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3
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Bossaert M, Moreno A, Peixoto A, Pillaire MJ, Chanut P, Frit P, Calsou P, Loparo JJ, Britton S. Identification of the main barriers to Ku accumulation in chromatin. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.03.574002. [PMID: 38260538 PMCID: PMC10802386 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.03.574002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Repair of DNA double strand breaks by the non-homologous end-joining pathway is initiated by the binding of Ku to DNA ends. Given its high affinity for ends, multiple Ku proteins load onto linear DNAs in vitro. However, in cells, Ku loading is limited to ~1-2 molecules per DNA end. The mechanisms enforcing this limit are currently unknown. Here we show that the catalytic subunit of the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs), but not its protein kinase activity, is required to prevent excessive Ku entry into chromatin. Ku accumulation is further restricted by two mechanisms: a neddylation/FBXL12-dependent process which actively removes loaded Ku molecules throughout the cell cycle and a CtIP/ATM-dependent mechanism which operates in S-phase. Finally, we demonstrate that the misregulation of Ku loading leads to impaired transcription in the vicinity of DNA ends. Together our data shed light on the multiple layers of coordinated mechanisms operating to prevent Ku from invading chromatin and interfering with other DNA transactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Bossaert
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
- Equipe labélisée la Ligue contre le Cancer 2018
| | - Andrew Moreno
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Antonio Peixoto
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
- Equipe labélisée la Ligue contre le Cancer 2018
| | - Marie-Jeanne Pillaire
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
- Equipe labélisée la Ligue contre le Cancer 2018
| | - Pauline Chanut
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
- Equipe labélisée la Ligue contre le Cancer 2018
| | - Philippe Frit
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
- Equipe labélisée la Ligue contre le Cancer 2018
| | - Patrick Calsou
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
- Equipe labélisée la Ligue contre le Cancer 2018
| | - Joseph John Loparo
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Sébastien Britton
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale (IPBS), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Toulouse, France
- Equipe labélisée la Ligue contre le Cancer 2018
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4
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Zhao Y, Short NJ, Kantarjian HM, Chang TC, Ghate PS, Qu C, Macaron W, Jain N, Thakral B, Phillips AH, Khoury J, Garcia-Manero G, Zhang W, Fan Y, Yang H, Garris RS, Nasr LF, Kriwacki RW, Roberts KG, Konopleva M, Jabbour EJ, Mullighan CG. Genomic determinants of response and resistance to inotuzumab ozogamicin in B-cell ALL. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.12.06.23299616. [PMID: 38106221 PMCID: PMC10723521 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.06.23299616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Inotuzumab ozogamicin (InO) is an antibody-drug conjugate that delivers calicheamicin to CD22-expressing cells. In a retrospective cohort of InO treated patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, we sought to understand the genomic determinants of response to InO. Acquired CD22 mutations were observed in 11% (3/27) of post-InO relapsed tumor samples. There were multiple CD22 mutations per sample and the mechanisms of CD22 escape included protein truncation, protein destabilization, and epitope alteration. Hypermutation by error-prone DNA damage repair (alternative end-joining, mismatch repair deficiency) drove CD22 escape. Acquired loss-of-function mutations in TP53 , ATM and CDKN2A were observed, suggesting compromise of the G1/S DNA damage checkpoint as a mechanism of evading InO-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, genetic alterations modulating CD22 expression and DNA damage response influence InO efficacy. The escape strategies within and beyond antigen loss to CD22-targeted therapy elucidated in this study provide insights into improving therapeutic approaches and overcoming resistance. KEY POINTS We identified multiple mechanisms of CD22 antigen escape from inotuzumab ozogamicin, including protein truncation, protein destabilization, and epitope alteration.Hypermutation caused by error-prone DNA damage repair was a driver of CD22 mutation and escape. VISUAL ABSTRACT
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5
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Song CH, Jeong M, In H, Kim JH, Lin CW, Han KH. Trends in the Development of Antibody-Drug Conjugates for Cancer Therapy. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:72. [PMID: 37987250 PMCID: PMC10660735 DOI: 10.3390/antib12040072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In cancer treatment, the first-generation, cytotoxic drugs, though effective against cancer cells, also harmed healthy ones. The second-generation targeted cancer cells precisely to inhibit their growth. Enter the third-generation, consisting of immuno-oncology drugs, designed to combat drug resistance and bolster the immune system's defenses. These advanced therapies operate by obstructing the uncontrolled growth and spread of cancer cells through the body, ultimately eliminating them effectively. Within the arsenal of cancer treatment, monoclonal antibodies offer several advantages, including inducing cancer cell apoptosis, precise targeting, prolonged presence in the body, and minimal side effects. A recent development in cancer therapy is Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs), initially developed in the mid-20th century. The second generation of ADCs addressed this issue through innovative antibody modification techniques, such as DAR regulation, amino acid substitutions, incorporation of non-natural amino acids, and enzymatic drug attachment. Currently, a third generation of ADCs is in development. This study presents an overview of 12 available ADCs, reviews 71 recent research papers, and analyzes 128 clinical trial reports. The overarching objective is to gain insights into the prevailing trends in ADC research and development, with a particular focus on emerging frontiers like potential targets, linkers, and drug payloads within the realm of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Hun Song
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Hannam University, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; (C.H.S.); (M.J.); (H.I.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Minchan Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Hannam University, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; (C.H.S.); (M.J.); (H.I.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Hyukmin In
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Hannam University, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; (C.H.S.); (M.J.); (H.I.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Ji Hoe Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Hannam University, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; (C.H.S.); (M.J.); (H.I.); (J.H.K.)
| | - Chih-Wei Lin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 406, Taiwan;
| | - Kyung Ho Han
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Hannam University, Daejeon 34054, Republic of Korea; (C.H.S.); (M.J.); (H.I.); (J.H.K.)
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6
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Mondal S, Midya SP, Das S, Mondal S, Islam ASM, Ghosh P. Pd-Catalyzed Tandem Pathway for Stereoselective Synthesis of (E)-1,3-Enyne from β-Nitroalkenes by Using a Sacrificial Directing Group. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301637. [PMID: 37551730 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of nitroalkenes instead of minimal one alkyne motif for (E)-1,3-enynes synthesis through a palladium catalyzed stereoselective bond forming pathway at room temperature is presented. Implication of nitro group as a sacrificial directing group, formation of magical alkyne on a newly developed Csp 3 -Csp 3 bond with initial palladium-MBH adduct make this methodology distinctive. This protocol features an unprecedented sequential acetate addition, carbon-carbon bond formation, isomerization of double bond and nitromethane degradation in a tandem catalytic walk via dancing hybridization. Mechanistic understanding through identification of intermediates and computational calculations furnishes complete insight into the tandem catalytic pathway. Broad substrates scope and functional groups tolerance make this synthetic methodology magnificent and dynamic. This represents the first example of stereoselective 1,3-enyne synthesis exclusively from alkene substrates by introducing the concept of sacrificial directing group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subal Mondal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Siba P Midya
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Suman Das
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Soumya Mondal
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Abu S M Islam
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
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7
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Lindig A, Schwarz J, Hubmann G, Rosenthal K, Lütz S. Bivariate One Strain Many Compounds Designs Expand the Secondary Metabolite Production Space in Corallococcus coralloides. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2592. [PMID: 37894250 PMCID: PMC10609524 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The scarcely investigated myxobacterium Corallococcus coralloides holds a large genome containing many uncharacterized biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) that potentially encode the synthesis of entirely new natural products. Despite its promising genomic potential, suitable cultivation conditions have not yet been found to activate the synthesis of new secondary metabolites (SMs). Finding the right cultivation conditions to activate BGCs in the genome remains a major bottleneck, and its full biosynthetic potential has so far not been determined. We therefore applied a bivariate "one strain many compounds" (OSMAC) approach, using a combination of two elicitor changes at once, for the activation of BGCs and concomitant SM production by C. coralloides. The screening was carried out in Duetz-System 24-well plates, applying univariate and bivariate OSMAC conditions. We combined biotic additives and organic solvents with a complex growth medium for univariate conditions and with minimal medium for bivariate conditions. The success in the activation of BGCs was evaluated by determining the number of new mass features detected in the respective extracts. We found synergistic effects in the bivariate OSMAC designs, evidenced by the detection of completely new mass features in the bivariate OSMAC experiments, which were not detected in the univariate OSMAC designs with only one elicitor. Overall, the bivariate OSMAC screening led to 55 new mass features, which were not detected in the univariate OSMAC design. Molecular networks revealed that these new mass features embody potential novel natural compounds and chemical derivatives like the N-acyl fatty amine N-pentyloctadecanamide and possibly sulfur-containing natural products. Hence, the presence of multiple elicitors in the bivariate OSMAC designs successfully activated the biosynthetic potential in C. coralloides. We propose bivariate OSMAC designs with a complex combination of elicitors as a straightforward strategy to robustly expand the SM space of microorganisms with large genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Lindig
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Straße 66, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jenny Schwarz
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Straße 66, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Georg Hubmann
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Straße 66, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Katrin Rosenthal
- School of Science, Constructor University, 28759 Bremen, Germany;
| | - Stephan Lütz
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Straße 66, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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8
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Wang Z, Li H, Gou L, Li W, Wang Y. Antibody-drug conjugates: Recent advances in payloads. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:4025-4059. [PMID: 37799390 PMCID: PMC10547921 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody‒drug conjugates (ADCs), which combine the advantages of monoclonal antibodies with precise targeting and payloads with efficient killing, show great clinical therapeutic value. The ADCs' payloads play a key role in determining the efficacy of ADC drugs and thus have attracted great attention in the field. An ideal ADC payload should possess sufficient toxicity, low immunogenicity, high stability, and modifiable functional groups. Common ADC payloads include tubulin inhibitors and DNA damaging agents, with tubulin inhibitors accounting for more than half of the ADC drugs in clinical development. However, due to clinical limitations of traditional ADC payloads, such as inadequate efficacy and the development of acquired drug resistance, novel highly efficient payloads with diverse targets and reduced side effects are being developed. This perspective summarizes the recent research advances of traditional and novel ADC payloads with main focuses on the structure-activity relationship studies, co-crystal structures, and designing strategies, and further discusses the future research directions of ADC payloads. This review also aims to provide valuable references and future directions for the development of novel ADC payloads that will have high efficacy, low toxicity, adequate stability, and abilities to overcome drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijia Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu 610212, China
| | - Hanxuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Lantu Gou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province & Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu 610212, China
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9
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Goel B, Jain SK. Natural products as a source of cytotoxic warheads in antibody-drug conjugates. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:2973-2985. [PMID: 36305758 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2138872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are one of the most rapidly expanding classes of oncology therapeutics. Till now, 11 ADCs have been approved by USFDA, with the first ADC approval of gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg) in 2000. A large number of ADCs are being evaluated in different stages of clinical trials and pre-clinical studies. Interestingly, the cytotoxic warheads of the all approved ADCs, as well as clinical and preclinical candidates, belong to different classes of natural products viz. calicheamicins, auristatins, maytansinoids, camptothecin derivatives, pyrolidobenzodiazepines (PBDs), and duocarmycins, etc. Herein, a review of the natural product-based cytotoxic warheads, briefly discussing their source, modifications, and mechanism of action, has been conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Goel
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Shreyans K Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
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10
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Gogia P, Ashraf H, Bhasin S, Xu Y. Antibody-Drug Conjugates: A Review of Approved Drugs and Their Clinical Level of Evidence. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3886. [PMID: 37568702 PMCID: PMC10417123 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are an innovative family of agents assembled through linking cytotoxic drugs (payloads) covalently to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to be delivered to tumor tissue that express their particular antigen, with the theoretical advantage of an augmented therapeutic ratio. As of June 2023, eleven ADCs have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and are on the market. These drugs have been added to the therapeutic armamentarium of acute myeloblastic and lymphoblastic leukemias, various types of lymphoma, breast, gastric or gastroesophageal junction, lung, urothelial, cervical, and ovarian cancers. They have proven to deliver more potent and effective anti-tumor activities than standard practice in a wide variety of indications. In addition to targeting antigen-expressing tumor cells, bystander effects have been engineered to extend cytotoxic killing to low-antigen-expressing or negative tumor cells in the heterogenous tumor milieu. Inevitably, myelosuppression is a common side effect with most of the ADCs due to the effects of the cytotoxic payload. Also, other unique side effects are specific to the tissue antigen that is targeted for, such as the cardiac toxicity with Her-2 targeting ADCs, and the hemorrhagic side effects with the tissue factor (TF) targeting Tisotumab vedotin. Further exciting developments are centered in the strategies to improve the tolerability and efficacy of the ADCs to improve the therapeutic window; as well as the development of novel payloads including (1) peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs), with the peptide replacing the monoclonal antibody, rendering greater tumor penetration; (2) immune-stimulating antibody conjugates (ISACs), which upon conjugation of the antigen, cause an influx of pro-inflammatory cytokines to activate dendritic cells and harness an anti-tumor T-cell response; and (3) the use of radioactive isotopes as a payload to enhance cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Gogia
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA;
| | - Hamza Ashraf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Overlook Medical Center, Summit, NJ 07901, USA;
| | - Sidharth Bhasin
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Saint Peter’s University Hospital, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
| | - Yiqing Xu
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11219, USA;
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11
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Abstract
Belonging to the enyne family, enetriynes comprise a distinct electron-rich all-carbon bonding scheme. However, the lack of convenient synthesis protocols limits the associated application potential within, e.g., biochemistry and materials science. Herein we introduce a pathway for highly selective enetriyne formation via tetramerization of terminal alkynes on a Ag(100) surface. Taking advantage of a directing hydroxyl group, we steer molecular assembly and reaction processes on square lattices. Induced by O2 exposure the terminal alkyne moieties deprotonate and organometallic bis-acetylide dimer arrays evolve. Upon subsequent thermal annealing tetrameric enetriyne-bridged compounds are generated in high yield, readily self-assembling into regular networks. We combine high-resolution scanning probe microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations to examine the structural features, bonding characteristics and the underlying reaction mechanism. Our study introduces an integrated strategy for the precise fabrication of functional enetriyne species, thus providing access to a distinct class of highly conjugated π-system compounds.
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12
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Hong Y, Nam SM, Moon A. Antibody-drug conjugates and bispecific antibodies targeting cancers: applications of click chemistry. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:131-148. [PMID: 36877356 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01433-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Engineering approaches using antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) and bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) are designed to overcome the limitations of conventional chemotherapies and therapeutic antibodies such as drug resistance and non-specific toxicity. Cancer immunotherapies have been shown to be clinically successful with checkpoint blockade and chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy; however, overactive immune systems still represent a major problem. Given the complexity of a tumor environment, it would be advantageous to have a strategy targeting two or more molecules. We highlight the necessity and importance of a multi-target platform strategy against cancer. Approximately 400 ADCs and over 200 bsAbs are currently being clinically developed for several indications, with promising signs of therapeutic activity. ADCs include antibodies that recognize tumor antigens, linkers that stably connect drugs, and powerful cytotoxic drugs, also known as payloads. ADCs have direct therapeutic effects by targeting cancers with a strong payload. Another type of drug that uses antibodies are bsAbs, targeting two antigens by linking to antigen recognition sites or bridging cytotoxic immune cells to tumor cells, resulting in cancer immunotherapy. Three bsAbs and one ADC have been approved for use by the FDA and the EMA in 2022. Among these, two of the bsAbs and the one ADC are used for cancers. We introduced that bsADC, a combination of ADC and bsAbs, has yet to be approved and several candidates are in the early stages of clinical development in this review. bsADCs technology helps increase the specificity of ADCs or the internalization and killing ability of bsAbs. We also briefly discuss the application of click chemistry in the efficient development of ADCs and bsAbs as a conjugation strategy. The present review summarizes the ADCs, bsAbs, and bsADCs that have been approved for anti-cancer or currently in development. These strategies selectively deliver drugs to malignant tumor cells and can be used as therapeutic approaches for various types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeji Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, 01369, Korea
| | - Su-Min Nam
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, 01369, Korea
| | - Aree Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Innovative Drug Center, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, 01369, Korea.
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13
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Steele AD, Kiefer AF, Hwang D, Yang D, Teijaro CN, Adhikari A, Rader C, Shen B. Application of a Biocatalytic Strategy for the Preparation of Tiancimycin-Based Antibody-Drug Conjugates Revealing Key Insights into Structure-Activity Relationships. J Med Chem 2023; 66:1562-1573. [PMID: 36599039 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are cancer chemotherapeutics that utilize a monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based delivery system, a cytotoxic payload, and a chemical linker. ADC payloads must be strategically functionalized to allow linker attachment without perturbing the potency required for ADC efficacy. We previously developed a biocatalytic system for the precise functionalization of tiancimycin (TNM)-based payloads. The TNMs are anthraquinone-fused enediynes (AFEs) and have yet to be translated into the clinic. Herein, we report the translation of biocatalytically functionalized TNMs into ADCs in combination with the dual-variable domain (DVD)-mAb platform. The DVD enables both site-specific conjugation and a plug-and-play modularity for antigen-targeting specificity. We evaluated three linker chemistries in terms of TNM-based ADC potency and antigen selectivity, demonstrating a trade-off between potency and selectivity. This represents the first application of AFE-based payloads to DVDs for ADC development, a workflow that is generalizable to further advance AFE-based ADCs for multiple cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ajeeth Adhikari
- Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Christoph Rader
- Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
| | - Ben Shen
- Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research, Jupiter, Florida 33458, United States
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14
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Kegyes D, Jitaru C, Ghiaur G, Ciurea S, Hoelzer D, Tomuleasa C, Gale RP. Switching from salvage chemotherapy to immunotherapy in adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood Rev 2023; 59:101042. [PMID: 36732205 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2023.101042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
About one-half of adults with acute B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) who do not achieve molecular complete remission or who subsequently relapse are not cured by current chemo- or targeted therapies. Previously, the sole therapeutic option for such persons was a hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Recently, several immune therapies including monoclonal antibodies, bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs), antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), and chimeric antigen receptor T-cells (CARs) have been shown safe and effective in this setting. In this manuscript, we summarize data on US FDA-approved immune therapies of advanced adult B-ALL including rituximab, blinatumomab, inotuzumab ozogamicin, tisagenlecleucel and brexucabtagene autoleucel. We consider the results of clinical trials focusing on efficacy, safety, and quality of life (QoL). Real-world evidence is presented as well. We also briefly discuss pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacoeconomics followed by risk-benefit analyses. Lastly, we present future directions of immune therapies for advanced B-ALL in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kegyes
- Department of Hematology-Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj Napoca, Romania; Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Ciprian Jitaru
- Department of Hematology-Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj Napoca, Romania; Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriel Ghiaur
- Department of Hematology-Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj Napoca, Romania; Department of Leukemia, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stefan Ciurea
- Department of Stem Cell Transplant and Cellular Therapies, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Dieter Hoelzer
- Department of Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ciprian Tomuleasa
- Department of Hematology-Medfuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj Napoca, Romania; Department of Hematology, Ion Chiricuta Oncology Institute, Cluj Napoca, Romania.
| | - Robert Peter Gale
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK; Department of Hematologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Hespanhol JT, Karman L, Sanchez-Limache DE, Bayer-Santos E. Intercepting biological messages: Antibacterial molecules targeting nucleic acids during interbacterial conflicts. Genet Mol Biol 2023; 46:e20220266. [PMID: 36880694 PMCID: PMC9990079 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2022-0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria live in polymicrobial communities and constantly compete for resources. These organisms have evolved an array of antibacterial weapons to inhibit the growth or kill competitors. The arsenal comprises antibiotics, bacteriocins, and contact-dependent effectors that are either secreted in the medium or directly translocated into target cells. During bacterial antagonistic encounters, several cellular components important for life become a weak spot prone to an attack. Nucleic acids and the machinery responsible for their synthesis are well conserved across the tree of life. These molecules are part of the information flow in the central dogma of molecular biology and mediate long- and short-term storage for genetic information. The aim of this review is to summarize the diversity of antibacterial molecules that target nucleic acids during antagonistic interbacterial encounters and discuss their potential to promote the emergence antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Takuno Hespanhol
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lior Karman
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ethel Bayer-Santos
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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16
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D'Angelo A, Chapman R, Sirico M, Sobhani N, Catalano M, Mini E, Roviello G. An update on antibody-drug conjugates in urothelial carcinoma: state of the art strategies and what comes next. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2022; 90:191-205. [PMID: 35953604 PMCID: PMC9402760 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-022-04459-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, considerable progress has been made in increasing the knowledge of tumour biology and drug resistance mechanisms in urothelial cancer. Therapeutic strategies have significantly advanced with the introduction of novel approaches such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor inhibitors. However, despite these novel agents, advanced urothelial cancer is often still progressive in spite of treatment and correlates with a poor prognosis. The introduction of antibody–drug conjugates consisting of a target-specific monoclonal antibody covalently linked to a payload (cytotoxic agent) is a novel and promising therapeutic strategy. In December 2019, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted accelerated approval to the nectin-4-targeting antibody–drug conjugate, enfortumab vedotin, for the treatment of advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinomas that are refractory to both immune checkpoint inhibitors and platinum-based treatment. Heavily pre-treated urothelial cancer patients reported a significant, 40% response to enfortumab vedotin while other antibody–drug conjugates are currently still under investigation in several clinical trials. We have comprehensively reviewed the available treatment strategies for advanced urothelial carcinoma and outlined the mechanism of action of antibody–drug conjugate agents, their clinical applications, resistance mechanisms and future strategies for urothelial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto D'Angelo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Robert Chapman
- Department of Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Harlow, CM20 1QX, UK
| | - Marianna Sirico
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Navid Sobhani
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Martina Catalano
- School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Enrico Mini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, vialePieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Roviello
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, vialePieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
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17
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Gbadamosi MO, Shastri VM, Elsayed AH, Ries R, Olabige O, Nguyen NHK, De Jesus A, Wang YC, Dang A, Hirsch BA, Alonzo TA, Gamis A, Meshinchi S, Lamba JK. A ten-gene DNA-damage response pathway gene expression signature predicts gemtuzumab ozogamicin response in pediatric AML patients treated on COGAAML0531 and AAML03P1 trials. Leukemia 2022; 36:2022-2031. [PMID: 35688939 PMCID: PMC9357169 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01622-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) is an anti-CD33 monoclonal antibody linked to calicheamicin, a DNA damaging agent, and is a well-established therapeutic for treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this study, we used LASSO regression modeling to develop a 10-gene DNA damage response gene expression score (CalDDR-GEx10) predictive of clinical outcome in pediatric AML patients treated with treatment regimen containing GO from the AAML03P1 and AAML0531 trials (ADE + GO arm, N = 301). When treated with ADE + GO, patients with a high CalDDR-GEx10 score had lower complete remission rates (62.8% vs. 85.5%, P = 1.7 7 * 10-5) and worse event-free survival (28.7% vs. 56.5% P = 4.08 * 10-8) compared to those with a low CalDDR-GEx10 score. However, the CalDDR-GEx10 score was not associated with clinical outcome in patients treated with standard chemotherapy alone (ADE, N = 242), implying the specificity of the CalDDR-GEx10 score to calicheamicin-induced DNA damage response. In multivariable models adjusted for risk group, FLT3-status, white blood cell count, and age, the CalDDR-GEx10 score remained a significant predictor of outcome in patients treated with ADE + GO. Our findings present a potential tool that can specifically assess response to calicheamicin-induced DNA damage preemptively via assessing diagnostic leukemic cell gene expression and guide clinical decisions related to treatment using GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed O Gbadamosi
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Vivek M Shastri
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Abdelrahman H Elsayed
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rhonda Ries
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Oluwaseyi Olabige
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Nam H K Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Angelica De Jesus
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Alice Dang
- COG Statistics and Data Center, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | | | - Todd A Alonzo
- COG Statistics and Data Center, Monrovia, CA, USA
- Biostatistics Division, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alan Gamis
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Soheil Meshinchi
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jatinder K Lamba
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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18
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Yan S, Zeng M, Wang H, Zhang H. Micromonospora: A Prolific Source of Bioactive Secondary Metabolites with Therapeutic Potential. J Med Chem 2022; 65:8735-8771. [PMID: 35766919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Micromonospora, one of the most important actinomycetes genera, is well-known as the treasure trove of bioactive secondary metabolites (SMs). Herein, together with an in-depth genomic analysis of the reported Micromonospora strains, all SMs from this genus are comprehensively summarized, containing structural features, bioactive properties, and mode of actions as well as their biosynthetic and chemical synthesis pathways. The perspective enables a detailed view of Micromonospora-derived SMs, which will enrich the chemical diversity of natural products and inspire new drug discovery in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqi Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Mingyuan Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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19
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Demange P, Joly E, Marcoux J, Zanon PRA, Listunov D, Rullière P, Barthes C, Noirot C, Izquierdo JB, Rozié A, Pradines K, Hee R, de Brito MV, Marcellin M, Serre RF, Bouchez O, Burlet-Schiltz O, Oliveira MCF, Ballereau S, Bernardes-Génisson V, Maraval V, Calsou P, Hacker SM, Génisson Y, Chauvin R, Britton S. SDR enzymes oxidize specific lipidic alkynylcarbinols into cytotoxic protein-reactive species. eLife 2022; 11:73913. [PMID: 35535493 PMCID: PMC9090334 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of cytotoxic natural or synthetic lipidic compounds contain chiral alkynylcarbinol motifs, but the mechanism of action of those potential therapeutic agents remains unknown. Using a genetic screen in haploid human cells, we discovered that the enantiospecific cytotoxicity of numerous terminal alkynylcarbinols, including the highly cytotoxic dialkynylcarbinols, involves a bioactivation by HSD17B11, a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) known to oxidize the C-17 carbinol center of androstan-3-alpha,17-beta-diol to the corresponding ketone. A similar oxidation of dialkynylcarbinols generates dialkynylketones, that we characterize as highly protein-reactive electrophiles. We established that, once bioactivated in cells, the dialkynylcarbinols covalently modify several proteins involved in protein-quality control mechanisms, resulting in their lipoxidation on cysteines and lysines through Michael addition. For some proteins, this triggers their association to cellular membranes and results in endoplasmic reticulum stress, unfolded protein response activation, ubiquitin-proteasome system inhibition and cell death by apoptosis. Finally, as a proof-of-concept, we show that generic lipidic alkynylcarbinols can be devised to be bioactivated by other SDRs, including human RDH11 and HPGD/15-PGDH. Given that the SDR superfamily is one of the largest and most ubiquitous, this unique cytotoxic mechanism-of-action could be widely exploited to treat diseases, in particular cancer, through the design of tailored prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Demange
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Etienne Joly
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Julien Marcoux
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrick R A Zanon
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Dymytrii Listunov
- SPCMIB, UMR5068, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France.,LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Pauline Rullière
- SPCMIB, UMR5068, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Cécile Barthes
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Noirot
- INRAE, UR 875 Unité de Mathématique et Informatique Appliquées, Genotoul Bioinfo Auzeville, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Izquierdo
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Alexandrine Rozié
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Equipe labellisée la Ligue contre le Cancer 2018, Toulouse, France
| | - Karen Pradines
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Equipe labellisée la Ligue contre le Cancer 2018, Toulouse, France
| | - Romain Hee
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Equipe labellisée la Ligue contre le Cancer 2018, Toulouse, France
| | - Maria Vieira de Brito
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France.,Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Science Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Marlène Marcellin
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Odile Burlet-Schiltz
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Valérie Maraval
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrick Calsou
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Equipe labellisée la Ligue contre le Cancer 2018, Toulouse, France
| | - Stephan M Hacker
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.,Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Yves Génisson
- SPCMIB, UMR5068, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Remi Chauvin
- LCC-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sébastien Britton
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Equipe labellisée la Ligue contre le Cancer 2018, Toulouse, France
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20
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Fu Z, Li S, Han S, Shi C, Zhang Y. Antibody drug conjugate: the "biological missile" for targeted cancer therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:93. [PMID: 35318309 PMCID: PMC8941077 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00947-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 173.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) is typically composed of a monoclonal antibody (mAbs) covalently attached to a cytotoxic drug via a chemical linker. It combines both the advantages of highly specific targeting ability and highly potent killing effect to achieve accurate and efficient elimination of cancer cells, which has become one of the hotspots for the research and development of anticancer drugs. Since the first ADC, Mylotarg® (gemtuzumab ozogamicin), was approved in 2000 by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), there have been 14 ADCs received market approval so far worldwide. Moreover, over 100 ADC candidates have been investigated in clinical stages at present. This kind of new anti-cancer drugs, known as “biological missiles”, is leading a new era of targeted cancer therapy. Herein, we conducted a review of the history and general mechanism of action of ADCs, and then briefly discussed the molecular aspects of key components of ADCs and the mechanisms by which these key factors influence the activities of ADCs. Moreover, we also reviewed the approved ADCs and other promising candidates in phase-3 clinical trials and discuss the current challenges and future perspectives for the development of next generations, which provide insights for the research and development of novel cancer therapeutics using ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Shijun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Sifei Han
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, (Parkville Campus) 381 Royal Parade,, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China. .,Hubei Province Clinical Research Center for Precision Medicine for Critical Illness, Wuhan, 430022, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Saporin as a Commercial Reagent: Its Uses and Unexpected Impacts in the Biological Sciences—Tools from the Plant Kingdom. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14030184. [PMID: 35324681 PMCID: PMC8952126 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14030184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Saporin is a ribosome-inactivating protein that can cause inhibition of protein synthesis and causes cell death when delivered inside a cell. Development of commercial Saporin results in a technology termed ‘molecular surgery’, with Saporin as the scalpel. Its low toxicity (it has no efficient method of cell entry) and sturdy structure make Saporin a safe and simple molecule for many purposes. The most popular applications use experimental molecules that deliver Saporin via an add-on targeting molecule. These add-ons come in several forms: peptides, protein ligands, antibodies, even DNA fragments that mimic cell-binding ligands. Cells that do not express the targeted cell surface marker will not be affected. This review will highlight some newer efforts and discuss significant and unexpected impacts on science that molecular surgery has yielded over the last almost four decades. There are remarkable changes in fields such as the Neurosciences with models for Alzheimer’s Disease and epilepsy, and game-changing effects in the study of pain and itch. Many other uses are also discussed to record the wide-reaching impact of Saporin in research and drug development.
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22
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Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Urothelial Carcinoma: A New Therapeutic Opportunity Moves from Bench to Bedside. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050803. [PMID: 35269424 PMCID: PMC8909578 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant progress has been achieved over the last decades in understanding the biology and mechanisms of tumor progression in urothelial carcinoma (UC). Although the therapeutic landscape has dramatically changed in recent years with the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors, advanced UC is still associated with rapidly progressing disease and poor survival. The increasing knowledge of the pathogenesis and molecular pathways underlying cancer development and progression is leading the introduction of target therapies, such as the recently approved FGFR inhibitor Erdafitinib, or the anti-nectin 4 antibody drug-conjugate Enfortumab vedotin. Antibody drug conjugates represent an innovative therapeutic approach that allows the combination of a tar get-specific monoclonal antibody covalently conjugated via a linker to a cytotoxic agent (payload). UC is a perfect candidate for this therapeutic approach since it is particularly enriched in antigen expression on its surface and each specific antigen can represent a potential therapeutic target. In this review we summarize the mechanism of action of ADCs, their applications in localized and metastatic UC, the main mechanisms of resistance, and future perspectives for their use in clinical practice.
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23
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Teicher BA, Morris J. Antibody-Drug Conjugate Targets, Drugs and Linkers. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:463-529. [PMID: 35209819 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220224110538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates offer the possibility of directing powerful cytotoxic agents to a malignant tumor while sparing normal tissue. The challenge is to select an antibody target expressed exclusively or at highly elevated levels on the surface of tumor cells and either not all or at low levels on normal cells. The current review explores 78 targets that have been explored as antibody-drug conjugate targets. Some of these targets have been abandoned, 9 or more are the targets of FDA-approved drugs, and most remain active clinical interest. Antibody-drug conjugates require potent cytotoxic drug payloads, several of these small molecules are discussed, as are the linkers between the protein component and small molecule components of the conjugates. Finally, conclusions regarding the elements for the successful antibody-drug conjugate are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverly A Teicher
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, DCTD, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892,United States
| | - Joel Morris
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, DCTD, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892,United States
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24
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Jacovella U, Rossi C, Romanzin C, Alcaraz C, Thissen R. Structural elucidation of C6H4+· using chemical reaction monitoring: Charge transfer versus bond forming reactions. Chemphyschem 2021; 23:e202100871. [PMID: 34951502 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry is a powerful tool but when used on its own, without specific activation of ions, the ion mass is the single observable and the structural information is absent. One way of retrieving this information is by using ion-molecule reactions. We propose a general method to disentangle isomeric structures by combining mass spectrometry, tunable synchrotron light source, and quantum-chemistry calculations. We use reactive chemical monitoring technique, which consists in tracking reactivity changes as a function of photoionization energy i.e. the ionic structure. We illustrate the power of this technique with charge transfer reactions of C6H4+· isomers with allene and propyne and discuss its universal applicability. Furthermore, we emphasize the special reactivity characteristics of distonic ions, where strong charge transfer reactivity but very limited reactivity involving bond formation and following cleavages were observed and attributed to the unconventional ortho -benzyne distonic cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Jacovella
- Université Paris-Saclay, ISMO, Bat. 520, Rue André Rivière, 91405, Orsay, FRANCE
| | - Corentin Rossi
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut Chimie Physique, FRANCE
| | - Claire Romanzin
- Université Paris-Saclay: Universite Paris-Saclay, Institut Chimie Physique, FRANCE
| | | | - Roland Thissen
- Université Paris-Saclay: Universite Paris-Saclay, Institut Chimie physique, FRANCE
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Abstract
Covering: up to the end of July, 2021Anthraquinone-fused enediynes (AFEs) are a subfamily of enediyne natural products. Dynemicin A (DYN A), the first member of the AFE family, was discovered more than thirty years ago. Subsequently, extensive studies have been reported on the mode of action and the interactions of AFEs with DNA using DYN A as a model. However, progress in the discovery, biosynthesis and clinical development of AFEs has been limited for a long time. In the past five years, four new AFEs have been discovered and significant progress has been made in the biosynthesis of AFEs, especially on the biogenesis of the anthraquinone moiety and their tailoring steps. Moreover, the streamlined total synthesis of AFEs and their analogues boosts the preparation of AFE-based linker-drugs, thus enabling the development of AFE-based antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). This review summarizes the discovery, mechanism of action, biosynthesis, total synthesis and preclinical studies of AFEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, Tianjin, China.
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Buongervino S, Lane MV, Garrigan E, Zhelev DV, Dimitrov DS, Bosse KR. Antibody-Drug Conjugate Efficacy in Neuroblastoma: Role of Payload, Resistance Mechanisms, Target Density, and Antibody Internalization. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 20:2228-2239. [PMID: 34465595 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-20-1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) are a targeted cancer therapy that utilize the specificity of antibodies to deliver potent drugs selectively to tumors. Here we define the complex interaction among factors that dictate ADC efficacy in neuroblastoma by testing both a comprehensive panel of ADC payloads in a diverse set of neuroblastoma cell lines and utilizing the glypican 2 (GPC2)-targeting D3-GPC2-PBD ADC to study the role of target antigen density and antibody internalization in ADC efficacy in neuroblastoma. We first find that DNA binding drugs are significantly more cytotoxic to neuroblastomas than payloads that bind tubulin or inhibit DNA topoisomerase 1. We additionally show that neuroblastomas with high expression of the ABCB1 drug transporter or that harbor a TP53 mutation are significantly more resistant to tubulin and DNA/DNA topoisomerase 1 binding payloads, respectively. Next, we utilized the GPC2-specific D3-GPC2-IgG1 antibody to show that neuroblastomas internalize this antibody/GPC2 complex at significantly different rates and that these antibody internalization kinetics correlate significantly with GPC2 cell surface density. However, sensitivity to pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) dimers primarily dictated sensitivity to the corresponding D3-GPC2-PBD ADC, overall having a larger influence on ADC efficacy than GPC2 cell surface density or antibody internalization. Finally, we utilized GPC2 isogenic Kelly neuroblastoma cells with different levels of cell surface GPC2 expression to define the threshold of target density required for ADC efficacy. Taken together, DNA binding ADC payloads should be prioritized for development for neuroblastoma given their superior efficacy and considering that ADC payload sensitivity is a major determinant of ADC efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Buongervino
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Maria V Lane
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Emily Garrigan
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Doncho V Zhelev
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Dimiter S Dimitrov
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Pittsburgh Pennsylvania
| | - Kristopher R Bosse
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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27
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Han C, Tian X, Zhang H, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK. Tetrasubstituted 1,3-Enynes by Gold-Catalyzed Direct C(sp 2)-H Alkynylation of Acceptor-Substituted Enamines. Org Lett 2021; 23:4764-4768. [PMID: 34105968 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A gold-catalyzed synthesis of tetrasubstituted 1,3-enynes from hypervalent iodine(III) reagents and activated alkenes is reported. This reaction involves an in situ formed alkynyl Au(III) species and a subsequent direct C(sp2)-H functionalization of alkenes, offering 26 enynes in 62-92% yield with excellent functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Han
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xianhai Tian
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Huili Zhang
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Targeted Therapeutic Approach Based on Understanding of Aberrant Molecular Pathways Leading to Leukemic Proliferation in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115789. [PMID: 34071627 PMCID: PMC8198876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogenous hematopoietic neoplasm with various genetic abnormalities in myeloid stem cells leading to differentiation arrest and accumulation of leukemic cells in bone marrow (BM). The multiple genetic alterations identified in leukemic cells at diagnosis are the mainstay of World Health Organization classification for AML and have important prognostic implications. Recently, understanding of heterogeneous and complicated molecular abnormalities of the disease could lead to the development of novel targeted therapeutic agents. In the past years, gemtuzumab ozogamicin, BCL-2 inhibitors (venetovlax), IDH 1/2 inhibitors (ivosidenib and enasidenib) FLT3 inhibitors (midostaurin, gilteritinib, and enasidenib), and hedgehog signaling pathway inhibitors (gladegib) have received US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the treatment of AML. Especially, AML patients with elderly age and/or significant comorbidities are not currently suitable for intensive chemotherapy. Thus, novel therapeutic planning including the abovementioned target therapies could lead to improve clinical outcomes in the patients. In the review, we will present various important and frequent molecular abnormalities of AML and introduce the targeted agents of AML that received FDA approval based on the previous studies.
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Baah S, Laws M, Rahman KM. Antibody-Drug Conjugates-A Tutorial Review. Molecules 2021; 26:2943. [PMID: 34063364 PMCID: PMC8156828 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a family of targeted therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer. ADC development is a rapidly expanding field of research, with over 80 ADCs currently in clinical development and eleven ADCs (nine containing small-molecule payloads and two with biological toxins) approved for use by the FDA. Compared to traditional small-molecule approaches, ADCs offer enhanced targeting of cancer cells along with reduced toxic side effects, making them an attractive prospect in the field of oncology. To this end, this tutorial review aims to serve as a reference material for ADCs and give readers a comprehensive understanding of ADCs; it explores and explains each ADC component (monoclonal antibody, linker moiety and cytotoxic payload) individually, highlights several EMA- and FDA-approved ADCs by way of case studies and offers a brief future perspective on the field of ADC research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Khondaker Miraz Rahman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King’s College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK; (S.B.); (M.L.)
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Etsè KS, Etsè KD, Nyssen P, Mouithys-Mickalad A. Assessment of anti-inflammatory-like, antioxidant activities and molecular docking of three alkynyl-substituted 3-ylidene-dihydrobenzo[d]isothiazole 1,1-dioxide derivatives. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 344:109513. [PMID: 33974901 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The presence of enyne and benzoisothiazole functions in the molecular architecture of compounds 1, 2 and 3 were expected to provide biochemical activities. In the present work, we first examined the molecular surface contact of three alkynyl-substituted 3-ylidenedihydrobenzo[d] isothiazole 1,1-dioxides. The analysis of the Hirshfeld surfaces reveals that only compound 3 exhibited a well-defined red spots, indicating intermolecular interactions identified as S-O⋯H, C-H⋯O and C-O⋯H contacts. Comparative fingerprint histograms of the three compounds show that close pair interactions are dominated by C-H⋯H-C contact. By UV-visible analysis, compound 1 showed the most intense absorbances at 407 and 441 nm, respectively. The radical scavenging activity explored in the DPPH test, shows that only 1 exhibited low anti-radical activity. Furthermore, cellular antioxidant capacity of benzoisothiazoles 1-3 was investigated with PMA-activated HL-60 cells using chemiluminescence and fluorescence techniques in the presence of L-012 and Amplex Red probe, respectively. Results highlight that compound 1 exhibited moderate anti-ROS capacity while compounds 2 and 3 enhanced ROS production. The cytotoxicity test performed on HL-60 cells, using the MTS assay, confirmed the lack of toxicity of the tested benzoisothiazole 1 compared to 2 and 3 which show low cytotoxicity (≤30%). Anti-catalytic activity was evaluated by following the inhibitory potential of the benzoisothiazoles on MPO activity and depicted benzoisothiazoles-MPO interactions by docking. Both SIEFED and docking studies demonstrated an anti-catalytic activity of the tested benzoisothiazoles towards MPO with the best activity for compound 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koffi Sénam Etsè
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, Quartier Ho^pital B36 Av. Hippocrate 15 B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Kodjo Djidjolé Etsè
- Laboratoire de Physiologie et Biotechnologie Végétales (LPBV), Faculté des Sciences (FDS), Université de Lomé (UL), Lomé, Togo
| | - Pauline Nyssen
- Biomedical Spectroscopy Laboratory, Department of Physics, CESAM, ULiège, Sart-Tilman, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Ange Mouithys-Mickalad
- Center for Oxygen, Research and Development (CORD) and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicine (CIRM) Institute of Chemistry University of Liège, Sart-Tilman (B.6a), 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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Jiang Y, Pan J, Yang T, Zhao Y, Koh MJ. Nickel-catalyzed site- and stereoselective reductive alkylalkynylation of alkynes. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jabbour E, Paul S, Kantarjian H. The clinical development of antibody-drug conjugates - lessons from leukaemia. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2021; 18:418-433. [PMID: 33758376 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-021-00484-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Advances in our understanding of cancer biology have enabled drug development to progress towards better targeted therapies that are both more effective and safer owing to their lack of off-target toxicities. In this regard, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), which have the potential to combine the selectivity of therapeutic antibodies with the cytotoxicity of highly toxic small molecules, are a rapidly developing drug class. The complex and unique structure of an ADC, composed of a monoclonal antibody conjugated to a potent cytotoxic payload via a chemical linker, is designed to selectively target a specific tumour antigen. The success of an ADC is highly dependent on the specific properties of its components, all of which have implications for the stability, cytotoxicity, pharmacokinetics and antitumour activity of the ADC. The development of therapeutic ADCs, including gemtuzumab ozogamicin and inotuzumab ozogamicin, provided great knowledge of the refinements needed for the optimization of such agents. In this Review, we describe the key components of ADC structure and function and focus on the clinical development and subsequent utilization of two leukaemia-directed ADCs - gemtuzumab ozogamicin and inotuzumab ozogamicin - as well as on the mechanisms of resistance and predictors of response to these two agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Jabbour
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Shilpa Paul
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hagop Kantarjian
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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34
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Mills A, Gago F. Structural and mechanistic insight into DNA bending by antitumour calicheamicins. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:6707-6717. [PMID: 34297027 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01077h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Among the class of enediyne antibiotics endowed with potent antitumour activities, the calicheamicin derivative known as ozogamicin is selectively targeted to several leukaemia cell types by means of tailor-made immunoconjugates. Binding of these drugs to the DNA minor groove in a sequence-specific fashion eventually causes double-stranded cleavage that results in cell death. Use of calicheamicin ε, an unreactive analogue of calicheamicin γ1I, has demonstrated that these structurally sophisticated molecules inflict bending on certain DNA oligonucleotides of defined sequence to the extent that they increase their circularization ratio upon ligation into multimers. By modelling and simulating several linear and circular DNA constructs containing high-affinity 5'-TCCT-3' and low-affinity 5'-TTGT-3' target sites in the presence and absence of calicheamicin ε, we have shed light into the structural distortions introduced by the drug upon binding to DNA. This new insight not only informs about the direction and magnitude of the DNA curvature but also provides a rationale for an improved understanding of the preferred structural and dynamic features associated with DNA target selection by calicheamicins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Mills
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas y "Unidad Asociada IQM-CSIC", Universidad de Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Federico Gago
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas y "Unidad Asociada IQM-CSIC", Universidad de Alcalá, E-28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
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Balsat M, Cacheux V, Carre M, Tavernier-Tardy E, Thomas X. Treatment and outcome of Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults after relapse. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2020; 20:879-891. [PMID: 33016157 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2020.1832890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the significant progress that has been made over the last years in the front-line treatment of Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), relapses are frequent and their treatment remains a challenge, especially among patients with resistant BCR-ABL1 mutations. AREAS COVERED This manuscript reviews available data for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed/refractory Ph-positive ALL, with a focus on the role of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), monoclonal antibodies, and immunotherapy. EXPERT OPINION Although a majority of patients with first relapsed Ph-positive ALL respond to subsequent salvage chemotherapy plus TKI combination, their outcomes remain poor. The main predictor of survival is the achievement of major molecular response anytime during the morphological response. More treatment strategies to improve survival are under investigation. Monoclonal antibodies and bispecific antibody constructs hold considerable promise in improving the outcomes of patients with relapsed ALL including Ph-positive ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Balsat
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud , Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Victoria Cacheux
- Service de Thérapie Cellulaire et Hématologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire , Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Martin Carre
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes , Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanuelle Tavernier-Tardy
- Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Institut de Cancérologie de la Loire Lucien Neuwirth , Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Xavier Thomas
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d'Hématologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud , Pierre-Bénite, France
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Conde-Royo D, Juárez-Salcedo LM, Dalia S. Management of adverse effects of new monoclonal antibody treatments in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Drugs Context 2020; 9:dic-2020-7-2. [PMID: 33110433 PMCID: PMC7560100 DOI: 10.7573/dic.2020-7-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic options for relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia have evolved in the past few years. The FDA has approved three novel therapies for this disease: inotuzumab ozogamicin (an anti-CD22 antibody–drug conjugate), blinatumomab (a bispecific T-cell engager), and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. Although these novel immunotherapies have revolutionized the therapeutic landscape, it is important to understand the crucial aspects of administration, especially toxicity. In this article, we review the unique toxicities and adverse effects of blinatumomab and inotuzumab ozogamicin and provide recommendations for prevention of adverse effects as well as the management options for each medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Conde-Royo
- Hematology Department, Principe de Asturias General Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Samir Dalia
- Hematology/Oncology Department, Mercy Clinic Oncology and Hematology - Joplin, MO, USA
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Gottardi M, Sperotto A, Ghelli Luserna Di Rorà A, Padella A, Cangini D, Giannini MB, Simonetti G, Martinelli G, Cerchione C. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin in acute myeloid leukemia: past, present and future. Minerva Med 2020; 111:395-410. [PMID: 32955828 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.20.07019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
After being in the therapeutic wilderness for several decades, acute myeloid leukemia has been recently thrust into the limelight with a series of drug approvals. Technical refinements in production, genetic manipulation and chemical modification of monoclonal antibodies led to growing interest in antibodies-based treatment strategies. Much of the focus of these efforts in acute myeloid leukemia has been on CD33 as a target. On September 2, 2017, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved gemtuzumab ozogamicin for treatment of relapsed or refractory CD33<sup>+</sup> acute myeloid leukemia. This signals a new chapter in the long and unusual story of gemtuzumab ozogamicin, which was the first antibody-drug conjugate approved for human use by the Food and Drug Administration. In this review we have analyzed the history of this drug which, among several mishaps, is experiencing a second youth and still represents a field to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandra Sperotto
- Unit of Hematology and Transplant, Dipartimento di Area Medica (DAME), University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Andrea Ghelli Luserna Di Rorà
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), Meldola, Forlì-Cesena, Italy
| | - Antonella Padella
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), Meldola, Forlì-Cesena, Italy
| | - Delia Cangini
- Unit of Hematology, IRCCS Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), Meldola, Forlì-Cesena, Italy
| | - Maria B Giannini
- Unit of Hematology, IRCCS Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), Meldola, Forlì-Cesena, Italy
| | - Giorgia Simonetti
- Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), Meldola, Forlì-Cesena, Italy -
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- IRCCS Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), Meldola, Forlì-Cesena, Italy
| | - Claudio Cerchione
- Unit of Hematology, IRCCS Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), Meldola, Forlì-Cesena, Italy
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Banerjee S, Ambegave SB, Mule RD, Senthilkumar B, Patil NT. Gold-Catalyzed Alkynylative Meyer–Schuster Rearrangement. Org Lett 2020; 22:4792-4796. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Somsuvra Banerjee
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. HomiBhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Shivhar B. Ambegave
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal 462 066, India
| | - Ravindra D. Mule
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. HomiBhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Beeran Senthilkumar
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. HomiBhabha Road, Pune 411 008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201 002, India
| | - Nitin T. Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhauri, Bhopal 462 066, India
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Wang Y, Li B, Zhang M, Lu H, Chen H, Wang W, Ding Y, Hu A. Preparation and antitumor applications of asymmetric propargyl amide maleimide based enediyne antibiotics. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Hibma J, Knight B. Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin in Adult Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Clin Pharmacokinet 2020; 58:335-347. [PMID: 30062662 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-018-0699-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Gemtuzumab ozogamicin is an antibody-drug conjugate composed of the anti-CD33 monoclonal antibody hP67.6 covalently linked to N-acetyl-gamma-calicheamicin dimethylhydrazide, a potent cytotoxic antibiotic. The aim of this study was to characterize the population pharmacokinetics of gemtuzumab ozogamicin, represented by total hP67.6 antibody and unconjugated calicheamicin, in adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia to support drug dosing strategies and explore intrinsic and extrinsic factors that may influence exposure. Pharmacokinetic data from seven previous phase I and II studies in adult patients with relapsed, refractory, or de novo acute myeloid leukemia were integrated and analyzed using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling. METHODS The pharmacokinetics of total hP67.6 antibody was described in 407 patients (5643 concentrations) who received gemtuzumab ozogamicin doses ranging from 0.25 to 9 mg/m2 using a two-compartment model with linear and time-dependent clearance components. The pharmacokinetics of unconjugated calicheamicin was characterized in 338 patients (4281 concentrations) using a two-compartment model with an input rate of formation dependent on the amount of hP67.6 eliminated. No statistically significant baseline covariates (sex, albumin, bone marrow, and peripheral blast percentage) demonstrated a clinically meaningful impact. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Total hP67.6 antibody disposition did not appear altered in patients with mild or moderate renal disease or hepatic impairment. Gemtuzumab ozogamicin was approved for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia by the US Food and Drug Administration in September 2017. The model-based simulations described here provided a pharmacokinetic rationale for the approved dosing regimen of 3 mg/m2 on days 1, 4, and 7, and served as the basis for all exposure-response modeling included in the recent Biologics License Application submission. Clinical trials identifiers: 0903A1-101-US; 0903A1-103-JA; 0903B1-201-US/CA (NCT00003131); 0903B1-202-EU; 0903B1-203-US/EU (NCT00003673); 0903B1-205-US/EU/AU (NCT00037596); and 0903B1-206-US/EU/AU (NCT00037583).
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacokinetics
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Calicheamicins/blood
- Calicheamicins/pharmacokinetics
- Drug Design
- Female
- Gemtuzumab/administration & dosage
- Gemtuzumab/pharmacokinetics
- Gemtuzumab/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/blood
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/ethnology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3/blood
- Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3/pharmacokinetics
- United States
- United States Food and Drug Administration
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Hibma
- Pfizer Inc., 10555 Science Center Drive, 2405, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
| | - Beverly Knight
- Pfizer Inc., 10555 Science Center Drive, 2405, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
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41
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Carr MI, Zimmermann A, Chiu LY, Zenke FT, Blaukat A, Vassilev LT. DNA-PK Inhibitor, M3814, as a New Combination Partner of Mylotarg in the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2020; 10:127. [PMID: 32117773 PMCID: PMC7031257 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) the long-term prognosis remains relatively poor and there is an urgent need for improved therapies with increased potency and tumor selectivity. Mylotarg is the first AML-targeting drug from a new generation of antibody drug conjugate (ADC) therapies aiming at the acute leukemia cell compartment with increased specificity. This agent targets leukemia cells for apoptosis with a cytotoxic payload, calicheamicin, carried by a CD33-specific antibody. Calicheamicin induces DNA double strand breaks (DSB) which, if left unrepaired, lead to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells. However, repair of DSB by the non-homologous end joining pathway driven by DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) can reduce the efficacy of calicheamicin. M3814 is a novel, potent and selective inhibitor of DNA-PK. This compound effectively blocks DSB repair, strongly potentiates the antitumor activity of ionizing radiation and DSB-inducing chemotherapeutics and is currently under clinical investigation. Suppressing DSB repair with M3814 synergistically enhanced the apoptotic activity of calicheamicin in cultured AML cells. Combination of M3814 with Mylotarg in two AML xenograft models, MV4-11 and HL-60, demonstrated increased efficacy and significantly improved survival benefit without elevated body weight loss. Our results support a new application for pharmacological DNA-PK inhibitors as enhancers of Mylotarg and a potential new combination treatment option for AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael I Carr
- Translational Innovation Platform Oncology, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA, United States
| | - Astrid Zimmermann
- Translational Innovation Platform Oncology, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Li-Ya Chiu
- Translational Innovation Platform Oncology, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA, United States
| | - Frank T Zenke
- Translational Innovation Platform Oncology, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andree Blaukat
- Translational Innovation Platform Oncology, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Lyubomir T Vassilev
- Translational Innovation Platform Oncology, EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc., Billerica, MA, United States
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42
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Lafuente L, Santiago CC, Rojas AH, Piro OE, Echeverría GA, Ponzinibbio A. Selective Synthesis and Molecular Structure of Novel Aminooxyglycosyl Derivatives Bearing Hydroxyphenyl Moieties. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Lafuente
- Centro de Estudio de Compuestos Orgánicos (CEDECOR-UNLP-CIC). Universidad Nacional de La Plata. 47 y 115 1900 La Plata Argentina
| | - Cintia C. Santiago
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. 47 y 115 1900 La Plata Argentina
| | - Agustín H. Rojas
- Centro de Estudio de Compuestos Orgánicos (CEDECOR-UNLP-CIC). Universidad Nacional de La Plata. 47 y 115 1900 La Plata Argentina
| | - Oscar E. Piro
- LANADI e IFLP (CCT-La Plata), Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Nacional de La Plata. CC 67 1900 La Plata Argentina
| | - Gustavo A. Echeverría
- LANADI e IFLP (CCT-La Plata), Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Nacional de La Plata. CC 67 1900 La Plata Argentina
| | - Agustín Ponzinibbio
- Centro de Estudio de Compuestos Orgánicos (CEDECOR-UNLP-CIC). Universidad Nacional de La Plata. 47 y 115 1900 La Plata Argentina
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43
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Agarwal G, Carcache PJB, Addo EM, Kinghorn AD. Current status and contemporary approaches to the discovery of antitumor agents from higher plants. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 38:107337. [PMID: 30633954 PMCID: PMC6614024 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Higher plant constituents have afforded clinically available anticancer drugs. These include both chemically unmodified small molecules and their synthetic derivatives currently used or those in clinical trials as antineoplastic agents, and an updated summary is provided. In addition, botanical dietary supplements, exemplified by mangosteen and noni constituents, are also covered as potential cancer chemotherapeutic agents. Approaches to metabolite purification, rapid dereplication, and biological evaluation including analytical hyphenated techniques, molecular networking, and advanced cellular and animal models are discussed. Further, enhanced and targeted drug delivery systems for phytochemicals, including micelles, nanoparticles and antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Agarwal
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Peter J Blanco Carcache
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - Ermias Mekuria Addo
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States
| | - A Douglas Kinghorn
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States.
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44
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Abstract
The 5-year survival rate for children and adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has improved to more than 90% in high-income countries. However, further increases in the intensity of conventional chemotherapy would be associated with significant adverse effects; therefore, novel approaches are necessary. The last decade has seen significant advances in targeted therapy with immunotherapy and molecular therapeutics, as well as advances in risk stratification for therapy based on somatic and germline genetic analysis and monitoring of minimal residual disease. For immunotherapy, the approval of antibody-based therapy (with blinatumomab in 2014 and inotuzumab ozogamicin in 2017) and T cell-based therapy (with tisagenlecleucel in 2017) by the US Food and Drug Administration has significantly improved the response rate and outcomes in patients with relapsed/refractory B-ALL. These strategies have also been tested in the frontline setting, and immunotherapy against a new ALL-associated antigen has been developed. Incorporating effective immunotherapy into ALL therapy would enable the intensity of conventional chemotherapy to be decreased and thereby reduce associated toxicity, leading to further improvement in survival and quality of life for patients with ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Inaba
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, MS 260, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105-3678, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Ching-Hon Pui
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, MS 260, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, 38105-3678, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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45
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Cembellín S, Dalton T, Pinkert T, Schäfers F, Glorius F. Highly Selective Synthesis of 1,3-Enynes, Pyrroles, and Furans by Manganese(I)-Catalyzed C–H Activation. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cembellín
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Toryn Dalton
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tobias Pinkert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Felix Schäfers
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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46
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Lu S, Chang Z, Xiao Y, Li H. Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of 2‐Hydroxymethyl‐1,3‐enynes by Rhodium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative C−C Coupling. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shi‐Chao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic DrugsPeking University Beijing 100191 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, and Beijing Key Laboratory of Active Substance Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical College 2 A Nanwei Road, Xicheng District Beijing 100050 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi‐Xin Chang
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences 619 Changcheng Road Taian 271016 People's Republic of China
| | - Yu‐Liang Xiao
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences 619 Changcheng Road Taian 271016 People's Republic of China
| | - Hong‐Shuang Li
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences 619 Changcheng Road Taian 271016 People's Republic of China
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47
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Williams BA, Law A, Hunyadkurti J, Desilets S, Leyton JV, Keating A. Antibody Therapies for Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Unconjugated, Toxin-Conjugated, Radio-Conjugated and Multivalent Formats. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E1261. [PMID: 31434267 PMCID: PMC6723634 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has remained relatively unchanged, with chemotherapy regimens primarily consisting of an induction regimen based on a daunorubicin and cytarabine backbone, followed by consolidation chemotherapy. Patients who are relapsed or refractory can be treated with allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation with modest benefits to event-free and overall survival. Other modalities of immunotherapy include antibody therapies, which hold considerable promise and can be categorized into unconjugated classical antibodies, multivalent recombinant antibodies (bi-, tri- and quad-specific), toxin-conjugated antibodies and radio-conjugated antibodies. While unconjugated antibodies can facilitate Natural Killer (NK) cell antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), bi- and tri-specific antibodies can engage either NK cells or T-cells to redirect cytotoxicity against AML targets in a highly efficient manner, similarly to classic ADCC. Finally, toxin-conjugated and radio-conjugated antibodies can increase the potency of antibody therapies. Several AML tumour-associated antigens are at the forefront of targeted therapy development, which include CD33, CD123, CD13, CLL-1 and CD38 and which may be present on both AML blasts and leukemic stem cells. This review focused on antibody therapies for AML, including pre-clinical studies of these agents and those that are either entering or have been tested in early phase clinical trials. Antibodies for checkpoint inhibition and microenvironment targeting in AML were excluded from this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent A Williams
- Cell Therapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada.
| | - Arjun Law
- Hans Messner Allogeneic Blood and Marrow Transplant Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Judit Hunyadkurti
- Département de medécine nucléaire et radiobiology, Faculté de medécine et des sciences de la santé, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | | | - Jeffrey V Leyton
- Département de medécine nucléaire et radiobiology, Faculté de medécine et des sciences de la santé, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke (CHUS), Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Sherbrooke Molecular Imaging Centre, Centre de recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institute de pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Armand Keating
- Cell Therapy Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
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48
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Porter MR, Walker JM, Zaleski JM. The Outliers: Metal-Mediated Radical Reagents for Biological Substrate Degradation. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:1957-1967. [PMID: 31243967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The predictable and controllable interaction of small organic or peptidic molecules with biological substrates is the primary reason most pharmaceuticals are narrowly decorated carbon frameworks. The inhibition or activation binding models are measurable and without side reactions that can cause pathological angst. Yet many diseases, especially those involving rapid proliferation of cells (i.e., cancer) or aggregation of peptides (e.g., heart disease, Alzheimer's disease) have not yet been cured by inhibition therapeutics. Additionally, interventional medicine is often required to alleviate such maladies by physical removal first, followed by molecular-level therapy as a second stage. Thus, there appears to be a niche for more aggressive therapeutics that may employ harsher chemical processes to realize clinical efficacy, albeit without causing catastrophic side effects. Molecules that may be considered for this challenge are not typically biomimetic, nor do they fit the traditional pharmaceutical paradigm. They may have unusual modes of action or undesired reactivity that can be lethal if not controlled. These are the outliers; potential pharmacophores that biology does not know how to manage or adapt to. This is why they may be an intriguing class of agents that needs continuous development. In this Account, we connect the under-developed enediyne family of compounds and our metalloenediyne derivatives to existing radical-based therapeutics such as bleomycin and doxorubicin to illustrate that controlled diradical reactivity, although an outlier mechanism, has a place in the therapeutic portfolio. This is self-evident in that of the 11 natural product enediynes known, 2 have clinical impact, a strong ratio. We expand on the chemical diversity of potential enediyne constructs and focus on the accessible trigger mechanisms to activate diradical formation as a method to control toxicity. Moreover, we further illustrate how electromagnetic fields can be employed to activate both molecular and larger nanomaterial constructs that carry highly concentrated payloads of reactive reagent. Finally, we describe how controlled diradical reactivity can reach beyond traditional therapeutic targets such as DNA, to peptide aggregates found in blood clots, neural fibrils, and membrane scaffolds. It is our belief that cleverly constructed frameworks with well-designed and controlled activation/reaction schemes can lead to novel therapeutics that can challenge evolving viral and bacterial invaders. From this evangelical perspective, our hope is that the conceptual framework, if not the specific designs in this Account, stimulate the readership to develop out-of-the-box therapeutic designs that may combat resistant disease targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan R. Porter
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Joan M. Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. Zaleski
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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49
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Zhang H, Li R, Ba S, Lu Z, Pitsinos EN, Li T, Nicolaou KC. DNA Binding and Cleavage Modes of Shishijimicin A. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:7842-7852. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b01800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Ruofan Li
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Sai Ba
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Zhaoyong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Emmanuel N. Pitsinos
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Laboratory of Natural Products Synthesis & Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, 153 10 Agia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Tianhu Li
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - K. C. Nicolaou
- Department of Chemistry, BioScience Research Collaborative, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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50
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Murillo L, Dapena JL, Velasco P, de Heredia CD. Use of inotuzumab-ozogamicin in a child with Down syndrome and refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66:e27562. [PMID: 30485640 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Murillo
- Servicio de Oncología y Hematología Pediátricas, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Dapena
- Servicio de Oncología y Hematología Pediátricas, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Velasco
- Servicio de Oncología y Hematología Pediátricas, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Díaz de Heredia
- Servicio de Oncología y Hematología Pediátricas, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
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