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Lu B, Lim JM, Yu B, Song S, Neeli P, Sobhani N, K P, Bonam SR, Kurapati R, Zheng J, Chai D. The next-generation DNA vaccine platforms and delivery systems: advances, challenges and prospects. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1332939. [PMID: 38361919 PMCID: PMC10867258 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1332939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccines have proven effective in the treatment and prevention of numerous diseases. However, traditional attenuated and inactivated vaccines suffer from certain drawbacks such as complex preparation, limited efficacy, potential risks and others. These limitations restrict their widespread use, especially in the face of an increasingly diverse range of diseases. With the ongoing advancements in genetic engineering vaccines, DNA vaccines have emerged as a highly promising approach in the treatment of both genetic diseases and acquired diseases. While several DNA vaccines have demonstrated substantial success in animal models of diseases, certain challenges need to be addressed before application in human subjects. The primary obstacle lies in the absence of an optimal delivery system, which significantly hampers the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines. We conduct a comprehensive analysis of the current status and limitations of DNA vaccines by focusing on both viral and non-viral DNA delivery systems, as they play crucial roles in the exploration of novel DNA vaccines. We provide an evaluation of their strengths and weaknesses based on our critical assessment. Additionally, the review summarizes the most recent advancements and breakthroughs in pre-clinical and clinical studies, highlighting the need for further clinical trials in this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Lu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Ming Lim
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Boyue Yu
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Siyuan Song
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Praveen Neeli
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Navid Sobhani
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Pavithra K
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Rajendra Kurapati
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dafei Chai
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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Rasouli M, Safari F, Sobhani N, Alavi M, Roudi R. Regulation of Cellular-Signaling Pathways by Mammalian Proteins Containing Bacterial EPIYA or EPIYA-Like Motifs Predicted to be Phosphorylated. DNA Cell Biol 2024; 43:74-84. [PMID: 38153368 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2023.0350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The effector proteins of several pathogenic bacteria contain the Glu-Pro-Ile-Tyr-Ala (EPIYA) motif or other similar motifs. The EPIYA motif is delivered into the host cells by type III and IV secretion systems, through which its tyrosine residue undergoes phosphorylation by host kinases. These motifs atypically interact with a wide range of Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing mammalian proteins through tyrosine phosphorylation, which leads to the perturbation of multiple signaling cascades, the spread of infection, and improved bacterial colonization. Interestingly, it has been reported that EPIYA (or EPIYA-like) motifs exist in mammalian proteomes and regulate mammalian cellular-signaling pathways, leading to homeostasis and disease pathophysiology. It is possible that pathogenic bacteria have exploited EPIYA (or EPIYA-like) motifs from mammalian proteins and that the mammalian EPIYA (or EPIYA-like) motifs have evolved to have highly specific interactions with SH2 domain-containing proteins. In this review, we focus on the regulation of mammalian cellular-signaling pathways by mammalian proteins containing these motifs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rasouli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Safari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Navid Sobhani
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mana Alavi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Raheleh Roudi
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Sobhani N, Tardiel-Cyril DR, Chai D, Generali D, Li JR, Vazquez-Perez J, Lim JM, Morris R, Bullock ZN, Davtyan A, Cheng C, Decker WK, Li Y. Artificial intelligence-powered discovery of small molecules inhibiting CTLA-4 in cancer. BJC Rep 2024; 2:4. [PMID: 38312352 PMCID: PMC10838660 DOI: 10.1038/s44276-023-00035-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Checkpoint inhibitors, which generate durable responses in many cancer patients, have revolutionized cancer immunotherapy. However, their therapeutic efficacy is limited, and immune-related adverse events are severe, especially for monoclonal antibody treatment directed against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), which plays a pivotal role in preventing autoimmunity and fostering anticancer immunity by interacting with the B7 proteins CD80 and CD86. Small molecules impairing the CTLA-4/CD80 interaction have been developed; however, they directly target CD80, not CTLA-4. SUBJECTS/METHODS In this study, we performed artificial intelligence (AI)-powered virtual screening of approximately ten million compounds to identify those targeting CTLA-4. We validated the hits molecules with biochemical, biophysical, immunological, and experimental animal assays. RESULTS The primary hits obtained from the virtual screening were successfully validated in vitro and in vivo. We then optimized lead compounds and obtained inhibitors (inhibitory concentration, 1 micromole) that disrupted the CTLA-4/CD80 interaction without degrading CTLA-4. CONCLUSIONS Several compounds inhibited tumor development prophylactically and therapeutically in syngeneic and CTLA-4-humanized mice. Our findings support using AI-based frameworks to design small molecules targeting immune checkpoints for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Sobhani
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | | | - Dafei Chai
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daniele Generali
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34147 Trieste, Italy
| | - Jian-Rong Li
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan Vazquez-Perez
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jing Ming Lim
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rachel Morris
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Zaniqua N. Bullock
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Aram Davtyan
- Atomwise Inc., 717 Market St, Suite 800, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - William K. Decker
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Sobhani N, Mondani G, Roviello G, Catalano M, Sirico M, D'Angelo A, Scaggiante B, Generali D. Cancer management during the COVID-19 world pandemic. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:3427-3444. [PMID: 37642709 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03524-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Since 2019, the world has been experiencing an outbreak of a novel beta-coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2. The worldwide spread of this virus has been a severe challenge for public health, and the World Health Organization declared the outbreak a public health emergency of international concern. As of June 8, 2023, the virus' rapid spread had caused over 767 million infections and more than 6.94 million deaths worldwide. Unlike previous SARS-CoV-1 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreaks, the COVID-19 outbreak has led to a high death rate in infected patients; this has been caused by multiorgan failure, which might be due to the widespread presence of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors-functional receptors of SARS-CoV-2-in multiple organs. Patients with cancer may be particularly susceptible to COVID-19 because cancer treatments (e.g., chemotherapy, immunotherapy) suppress the immune system. Thus, patients with cancer and COVID-19 may have a poor prognosis. Knowing how to manage the treatment of patients with cancer who may be infected with SARS-CoV-2 is essential. Treatment decisions must be made on a case-by-case basis, and patient stratification is necessary during COVID-19 outbreaks. Here, we review the management of COVID-19 in patients with cancer and focus on the measures that should be adopted for these patients on the basis of the organs or tissues affected by cancer and by the tumor stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Sobhani
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Giuseppina Mondani
- Royal Infirmary Hospital, Foresterhill Health Campus, Foresterhill Rd, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZN, UK
| | - Giandomenico Roviello
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Catalano
- Royal Infirmary Hospital, Foresterhill Health Campus, Foresterhill Rd, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZN, UK
| | - Marianna Sirico
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014, Meldola, Italy
| | - Alberto D'Angelo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AX, UK
| | - Bruna Scaggiante
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniele Generali
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
- Multidisciplinary Unit of Breast Pathology and Translational Research, Cremona Hospital, 26100, Cremona, Italy
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Ganzinelli M, Guffanti F, Ianza A, Sobhani N, Crovella S, Zanconati F, Bottin C, Confalonieri M, Fumagalli S, Guglielmi A, Generali D, Damia G. Epithelioid Mesothelioma Patients with Very Long Survival Display Defects in DNA Repair. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4309. [PMID: 37686585 PMCID: PMC10486625 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM DNA repair has an important role in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) tumorigenesis and progression. Prognostic/predictive biomarkers for better management of MPM patients are needed. In the present manuscript, we analyzed the expression of more than 700 genes in a cohort of MPM patients to possibly find biomarkers correlated with survival. METHODS A total of 54 MPM patients, all with epithelioid histology, whose survival follow-up and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumors were available, were included in the study. Gene expression profiles were evaluated using a Nanostring platform analyzing 760 genes involved in different cellular pathways. The percentages of proliferating tumor cells positive for RAD51 and BRCA1 foci were evaluated using an immunofluorescence assay, as a readout of homologous recombination repair status. RESULTS Patient median survival time was 16.9 months, and based on this value, they were classified as long and short survivors (LS/SS) with, respectively, an overall survival ≥ and <16.9 months as well as very long and very short survivors (VLS/VSS) with an overall survival ≥ than 33.8 and < than 8.45 months. A down-regulation in the DNA damage/repair expression score was observed in LS and VLS as compared to SS and VSS. These findings were validated by the lower number of both RAD51 and BRCA1-positive tumor cells in VLS as compared to VSS. CONCLUSIONS The down-regulation of DNA repair signature in VLS was functionally validated by a lower % of RAD51 and BRCA1-positive tumor cells. If these data can be corroborated in a prospective trial, an easy, cost-effective test could be routinely used to better manage treatment in MPM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Ganzinelli
- Unit of Thoracic Oncology, Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Federica Guffanti
- Laboratory of Preclinical Gynecological Oncology, Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy;
| | - Anna Ianza
- Oncology Department, University Health Organization Giuliano Isontina, ASUGI, Piazza Ospitale 1, 34129 Trieste, Italy; (A.I.); (A.G.); (D.G.)
| | - Navid Sobhani
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34139 Trieste, Italy; (N.S.); (F.Z.); (C.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Sergio Crovella
- IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Via dell’Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Zanconati
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34139 Trieste, Italy; (N.S.); (F.Z.); (C.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Cristina Bottin
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34139 Trieste, Italy; (N.S.); (F.Z.); (C.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Marco Confalonieri
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34139 Trieste, Italy; (N.S.); (F.Z.); (C.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Stefano Fumagalli
- Laboratory of Biology of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Guglielmi
- Oncology Department, University Health Organization Giuliano Isontina, ASUGI, Piazza Ospitale 1, 34129 Trieste, Italy; (A.I.); (A.G.); (D.G.)
| | - Daniele Generali
- Oncology Department, University Health Organization Giuliano Isontina, ASUGI, Piazza Ospitale 1, 34129 Trieste, Italy; (A.I.); (A.G.); (D.G.)
| | - Giovanna Damia
- Laboratory of Preclinical Gynecological Oncology, Department of Experimental Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, 20156 Milan, Italy;
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Jiang N, Zheng Y, Ding J, Wang J, Zhu F, Wang M, Sobhani N, Neeli P, Wang G, Li H, Zheng J, Chai D. The co-delivery of adenovirus-based immune checkpoint vaccine elicits a potent anti-tumor effect in renal carcinoma. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:109. [PMID: 37542081 PMCID: PMC10403580 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00706-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-based checkpoint therapy has made significant progress in cancer treatment, but its therapeutic effect is limited. A replication-defective adenovirus (Ad) vaccine encoding tumor antigen carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) combined with Ad-encoding immune checkpoint PD-L1 was developed to treat renal carcinoma. Three tumor models, subcutaneous, lung metastasis and orthotopic tumor were established, and Ad vaccines were used to immunize them and evaluate the vaccine's therapeutic effect. Compared to the single Ad vaccine group, the subcutaneous tumor growth was significantly reduced in Ad-CAIX/Ad-PD-L1 combination group. Co-immunization of Ad-CAIX/Ad-PD-L1 enhanced the induction and maturation of CD11c+ or CD8+CD11c+ DCs in the spleen and tumor and promoted the strong tumor-specific CD8+ T cell immune responses. In vivo CD8 T cell deletion assay showed that the anti-tumor effect of the Ad-CAIX/Ad-PD-L1 vaccine was mainly dependent on functional CD8+ T cell immune responses. Furthermore, the Ad-CAIX/Ad-PD-L1 vaccine effectively inhibited tumor growth and lung metastasis in metastatic or orthotopic models. These results indicate that the combination strategy of the immune checkpoint vaccine shows promising potential as an approach for malignant tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Department of Urology, Suqian Hospital of Chinese Medicine Department of Pharmacy, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanyan Zheng
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiage Ding
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Zhu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Navid Sobhani
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Praveen Neeli
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gang Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hailong Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Dafei Chai
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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Neeli P, Chai D, Wang X, Sobhani N, Udeani G, Li Y. Comparison of DNA vaccines with AS03 as an adjuvant and an mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. iScience 2023; 26:107120. [PMID: 37361876 PMCID: PMC10271916 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 call for frequent changes in vaccine antigens. Nucleic acid-based vaccination strategies are superior as the coding sequences can be easily altered with little impact on downstream production. mRNA vaccines, including variant-specific boosters, are approved for SARS-CoV-2. Here, we tested the efficacy of DNA vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 Spike aided by the AS03 adjuvant using electroporation and compared their immunogenicity with an approved mRNA vaccine (mRNA-1273). DNA vaccination elicited robust humoral and cellular immune responses in C57BL/6 mice with Spike-specific antibody neutralization and T cells produced from 20 μg DNA vaccines similar to that from 0.5 μg mRNA-1273. Furthermore, a Nanoplasmid-based vector further increased the immunogenicity. Our results indicate that adjuvants are critical to the efficacy of DNA vaccines in stimulating robust immune responses against Spike, highlighting the feasibility of plasmid DNA as a rapid nucleic acid-based vaccine approach against SARS-CoV-2 and other emerging infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Neeli
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dafei Chai
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Navid Sobhani
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - George Udeani
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Irma Lerma Rangel School of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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8
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Shi X, Ding J, Zheng Y, Wang J, Sobhani N, Neeli P, Wang G, Zheng J, Chai D. HMGB1/GPC3 dual targeting vaccine induces dendritic cells-mediated CD8 +T cell immune response and elicits potential therapeutic effect in hepatocellular carcinoma. iScience 2023; 26:106143. [PMID: 36879804 PMCID: PMC9984564 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a fatal malignant tumor, but effective clinical interventions are limited. PLGA/PEI-mediated DNA vaccine encoding the dual targets of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) or GPC3 was developed for HCC treatment. Compared with PLGA/PEI-GPC3 immunization, PLGA/PEI-HMGB1/GPC3 co-immunization significantly inhibited the subcutaneous tumor growth, while increasing the infiltration of CD8+T cells and DCs. Furthermore, the PLGA/PEI-HMGB1/GPC3 vaccine induced a strong CTL effect and promoted functional CD8+T cell proliferation. Intriguingly, the depletion assay proved that the therapeutic effect PLGA/PEI-HMGB1/GPC3 vaccine was dependent on antigen-specific CD8+T cell immune responses. In the rechallenge experiment, PLGA/PEI-HMGB1/GPC3 vaccine provided a long-lasting resistance to the growth of the contralateral tumor by inducing the memory CD8+T cell responses. Collectively, PLGA/PEI-HMGB1/GPC3 vaccine could induce a strong and long-lasting CTL effect and inhibit the tumor progression or re-attack. Therefore, the combined co-immunization of PLGA/PEI-HMGB1/GPC3 might be served as an effective anti-tumor strategy against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Lianyungang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222004, China
| | - Jiage Ding
- Department of Oncology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221009, China.,Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Yanyan Zheng
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Navid Sobhani
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Praveen Neeli
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gang Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China
| | - Dafei Chai
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, China.,Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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9
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Sobhani N, Bouchè V, Aldegheri G, Rocca A, D’Angelo A, Giudici F, Bottin C, Donofrio CA, Pinamonti M, Ferrari B, Panni S, Cominetti M, Aliaga J, Ungari M, Fioravanti A, Zanconati F, Generali D. Analysis of PD-L1 and CD3 Expression in Glioblastoma Patients and Correlation with Outcome: A Single Center Report. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020311. [PMID: 36830847 PMCID: PMC9953166 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
With the advent of immunotherapies, the field of cancer therapy has been revived with new hope, especially for cancers with dismal prognoses, such as the glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Currently, immunotherapies should potentiate the host's own antitumor immune response against cancer cells, but it has been documented that they are effective only in small subsets of patients. Therefore, accurate predictors of response are urgently needed to identify who will benefit from immune-modulatory therapies. Brain tumors are challenging in terms of treatments. The immune response in the brain is highly regulated, and the immune microenvironment in brain metastases is active with a high density of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs, CD3+ T cells) in certain patients and, therefore, may serve as a potential treatment target. In our study, we performed immunohistochemistry for CD3 and PD-L1 along the routine assessment of the O6-methylguanine-methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status and the IDH1 and 2 status in a single center cohort of 69 patients with GBM (58 primary tumors and 11 recurrences) who underwent standard multimodal therapies (surgery/radiotherapy/adjuvant temozolamide). We analyzed the association of PD-L1 tumor expression and TILs with overall survival (OS). The PD-L1 expression was observed in 25 of 58 (43%) newly diagnosed primary glioblastoma specimens. The sparse-to-moderate density of TILs, identified with CD3+ expression, was found in 48 of 58 (83%) specimens. Neither PD-L1 expression nor TILs were associated with overall survival. In conclusion, TILs and/or PD-L1 expression are detectable in the majority of glioblastoma samples, and even if they slightly relate to the outcome, they do not show a statistically significant correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Sobhani
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (D.G.)
| | - Victoria Bouchè
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34147 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giovanni Aldegheri
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34147 Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Rocca
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34147 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alberto D’Angelo
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA27AY, UK
| | - Fabiola Giudici
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34147 Trieste, Italy
| | - Cristina Bottin
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34147 Trieste, Italy
| | - Carmine Antonio Donofrio
- Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, 26100 Cremona, Italy
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pinamonti
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34147 Trieste, Italy
| | - Benvenuto Ferrari
- Breast and Brain Unit, ASST Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Stefano Panni
- Breast and Brain Unit, ASST Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Marika Cominetti
- Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Jahard Aliaga
- Neurosurgery, ASST Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Marco Ungari
- Pathology Unit, ASST Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Zanconati
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34147 Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniele Generali
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34147 Trieste, Italy
- Breast and Brain Unit, ASST Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, 26100 Cremona, Italy
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (D.G.)
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D’Angelo A, Kilili H, Chapman R, Generali D, Tinhofer I, Luminari S, Donati B, Ciarrocchi A, Giannini R, Moretto R, Cremolini C, Pietrantonio F, Sobhani N, Bonazza D, Prins R, Song SG, Jeon YK, Pisignano G, Cinelli M, Bagby S, Urrutia AO. Immune-related pan-cancer gene expression signatures of patient survival revealed by NanoString-based analyses. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280364. [PMID: 36649303 PMCID: PMC9844904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays a central role in the onset and progression of cancer. A better understanding of transcriptional changes in immune cell-related genes associated with cancer progression, and their significance in disease prognosis, is therefore needed. NanoString-based targeted gene expression profiling has advantages for deployment in a clinical setting over RNA-seq technologies. We analysed NanoString PanCancer Immune Profiling panel gene expression data encompassing 770 genes, and overall survival data, from multiple previous studies covering 10 different cancer types, including solid and blood malignancies, across 515 patients. This analysis revealed an immune gene signature comprising 39 genes that were upregulated in those patients with shorter overall survival; of these 39 genes, three (MAGEC2, SSX1 and ULBP2) were common to both solid and blood malignancies. Most of the genes identified have previously been reported as relevant in one or more cancer types. Using Cibersort, we investigated immune cell levels within individual cancer types and across groups of cancers, as well as in shorter and longer overall survival groups. Patients with shorter survival had a higher proportion of M2 macrophages and γδ T cells. Patients with longer overall survival had a higher proportion of CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T memory cells, NK cells and, unexpectedly, T regulatory cells. Using a transcriptomics platform with certain advantages for deployment in a clinical setting, our multi-cancer meta-analysis of immune gene expression and overall survival data has identified a specific transcriptional profile associated with poor overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto D’Angelo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Oncology Department, Royal United Hospital, Bath, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Huseyin Kilili
- Milner Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Chapman
- Department of Medicine, The Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Generali
- Multidisciplinary Unit of Breast Pathology and Translational Research, Cremona Hospital, Cremona, Italy
| | - Ingeborg Tinhofer
- Department of Radiooncology and Radiotherapy, Charite´ University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefano Luminari
- Hematology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Surgical, Medical and Dental Department of Morphological Sciences Related to Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Benedetta Donati
- Translational Research Laboratory, Azienda USL-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Alessia Ciarrocchi
- Translational Research Laboratory, Azienda USL-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Giannini
- Department of Surgery, Clinical, Molecular and Critical Care Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Moretto
- Unit of Medical Oncology 2, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Cremolini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Navid Sobhani
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Debora Bonazza
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Robert Prins
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Seung Geun Song
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Jeon
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Mattia Cinelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Bagby
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Araxi O. Urrutia
- Milner Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Instituto de Ecologia, UNAM, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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11
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Wang Q, Chai D, Sobhani N, Sun N, Neeli P, Zheng J, Tian H. C1QBP regulates mitochondrial plasticity to impact tumor progression and antitumor immune response. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1012112. [DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1012112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial plasticity including mitochondrial dynamics, metabolic flexibility, and mitochondrial quality control, impact tumor cells’ progression and determine immune cells’ fate. Complement C1q binding protein (C1QBP) plays an indispensable role through regulating mitochondrial morphology, metabolism, and autophagy. C1QBP promotes mitochondrial plasticity to impact tumor metastasis and their therapeutic response. At the same time, C1QBP is involved in regulating immune cells’ maturation, differentiation, and effector function through the enhancement of mitochondrial function. In this regard, manipulation of C1QBP has been shown to adjust the competitive balance between tumor cells and immune cells. In the course of evolution, mitochondrial plasticity has endowed numerous advantages against the relentless microenvironment of tumors. In this current review, we summarize the current knowledge of the mechanism of C1QBP regulation of cancer and immunity. We explain this process in vision of potentially new anticancer therapies.
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12
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Abbasian MH, Ardekani AM, Sobhani N, Roudi R. The Role of Genomics and Proteomics in Lung Cancer Early Detection and Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:5144. [PMID: 36291929 PMCID: PMC9600051 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14205144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) being the primary type. Unfortunately, it is often diagnosed at advanced stages, when therapy leaves patients with a dismal prognosis. Despite the advances in genomics and proteomics in the past decade, leading to progress in developing tools for early diagnosis, targeted therapies have shown promising results; however, the 5-year survival of NSCLC patients is only about 15%. Low-dose computed tomography or chest X-ray are the main types of screening tools. Lung cancer patients without specific, actionable mutations are currently treated with conventional therapies, such as platinum-based chemotherapy; however, resistances and relapses often occur in these patients. More noninvasive, inexpensive, and safer diagnostic methods based on novel biomarkers for NSCLC are of paramount importance. In the current review, we summarize genomic and proteomic biomarkers utilized for the early detection and treatment of NSCLC. We further discuss future opportunities to improve biomarkers for early detection and the effective treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hadi Abbasian
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran 1497716316, Iran
| | - Ali M. Ardekani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran 1497716316, Iran
| | - Navid Sobhani
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Raheleh Roudi
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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D’Angelo A, Giudici F, Chapman R, Darlow J, Kilili H, Sobhani N, Cinelli M, Cappelletti MR, Strina C, Milani M, Generali D. Clinico-Immunological Effects of a Single-Agent CDK4/6 Inhibitor in Advanced HR+/HER2- Breast Cancer Based on a Window of Opportunity Study. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:4255-4267. [PMID: 36135204 PMCID: PMC9497904 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44090292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6 i), abemaciclib, palbociclib, and ribociclib, have been FDA-approved for the treatment of hormone receptor-positive (HR+), HER2−negative (HER2−) advanced breast cancer (aBC). This targeted therapy has revived hope in those aBC patients who did not respond to standard therapies. Interestingly, when administered as a single agent, CDK4/6 modulated several peripheral blood cells after a short-course treatment of 28 days. However, the impact of these immune effects has yet to be thoroughly investigated. Methods: We administered abemaciclib, palbociclib, and ribociclib monotherapy to 23 patients with HR+/HER2− metastatic breast cancer. The aim is to investigate the impact of on-treatment modifications on peripheral blood cells and their composite scores in patients after a 28-day course of CDK4/6 i alone. Results: In the current study, we observed a significant decrease in neutrophils (p-value < 0.001) for patients treated with abemaciclib, palbociclib, and ribociclib. An overall decrease of Tregs was observed and potentially linked to palbociclib treatment. The neutrophile to lymphocyte (N/L) ratio was also decreased overall and potentially linked to abemaciclib and palbociclib treatment. Platelets were decreased in patients administered with abemaciclib. Notably, the radiometabolic response was available only for those patients treated with ribociclib and abemaciclib, and only those lesions treated with ribociclib reached statistical relevance. Conclusions: Our study strongly supports the notion that CDK4/6 inhibitors induce tumour immune modulation. N/L ratio and platelet levels decreased due to treatment. Future studies should test whether patients would benefit from immunomodulators in association with CDK4/6 agents in a larger clinical trial. Moreover, the CDK4/6-induced immune modulation could also be considered a potential predictive clinical factor in HR+/HER2− advanced breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto D’Angelo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7 AY, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Fabiola Giudici
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Gustave Roussy, Paris-Saclay University, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Robert Chapman
- Department of Medicine, The Princess Alexandra Hospital, Harlow CM20 1 QX, UK
| | - Jacob Darlow
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7 AY, UK
| | - Huseyin Kilili
- Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7 AY, UK
| | - Navid Sobhani
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mattia Cinelli
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7 AY, UK
| | - Maria Rosa Cappelletti
- UOC Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria e Ricerca Traslazionale, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale di Cremona, 126100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Carla Strina
- UOC Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria e Ricerca Traslazionale, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale di Cremona, 126100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Manuela Milani
- UOC Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria e Ricerca Traslazionale, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale di Cremona, 126100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Daniele Generali
- UOC Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria e Ricerca Traslazionale, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale di Cremona, 126100 Cremona, Italy
- Dipartimento Universitario Clinico di Scienze Mediche, Chirurgiche e della Salute, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 34129 Trieste, Italy
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D'Angelo A, Chapman R, Sirico M, Sobhani N, Catalano M, Mini E, Roviello G. An update on antibody-drug conjugates in urothelial carcinoma: state of the art strategies and what comes next. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2022; 90:191-205. [PMID: 35953604 PMCID: PMC9402760 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-022-04459-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, considerable progress has been made in increasing the knowledge of tumour biology and drug resistance mechanisms in urothelial cancer. Therapeutic strategies have significantly advanced with the introduction of novel approaches such as immune checkpoint inhibitors and Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor inhibitors. However, despite these novel agents, advanced urothelial cancer is often still progressive in spite of treatment and correlates with a poor prognosis. The introduction of antibody–drug conjugates consisting of a target-specific monoclonal antibody covalently linked to a payload (cytotoxic agent) is a novel and promising therapeutic strategy. In December 2019, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted accelerated approval to the nectin-4-targeting antibody–drug conjugate, enfortumab vedotin, for the treatment of advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinomas that are refractory to both immune checkpoint inhibitors and platinum-based treatment. Heavily pre-treated urothelial cancer patients reported a significant, 40% response to enfortumab vedotin while other antibody–drug conjugates are currently still under investigation in several clinical trials. We have comprehensively reviewed the available treatment strategies for advanced urothelial carcinoma and outlined the mechanism of action of antibody–drug conjugate agents, their clinical applications, resistance mechanisms and future strategies for urothelial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto D'Angelo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Robert Chapman
- Department of Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Harlow, CM20 1QX, UK
| | - Marianna Sirico
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) "Dino Amadori", Meldola, Italy
| | - Navid Sobhani
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Martina Catalano
- School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Enrico Mini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, vialePieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Roviello
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, vialePieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
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Sobhani N, Scaggiante B, Morris R, Chai D, Catalano M, Tardiel-Cyril DR, Neeli P, Roviello G, Mondani G, Li Y. Therapeutic cancer vaccines: From biological mechanisms and engineering to ongoing clinical trials. Cancer Treat Rev 2022; 109:102429. [PMID: 35759856 PMCID: PMC9217071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2022.102429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic vaccines are currently at the forefront of medical innovation. Various endeavors have been made to develop more consolidated approaches to producing nucleic acid-based vaccines, both DNA and mRNA vaccines. These innovations have continued to propel therapeutic platforms forward, especially for mRNA vaccines, after the successes that drove emergency FDA approval of two mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. These vaccines use modified mRNAs and lipid nanoparticles to improve stability, antigen translation, and delivery by evading innate immune activation. Simple alterations of mRNA structure- such as non-replicating, modified, or self-amplifying mRNAs- can provide flexibility for future vaccine development. For protein vaccines, the use of long synthetic peptides of tumor antigens instead of short peptides has further enhanced antigen delivery success and peptide stability. Efforts to identify and target neoantigens instead of antigens shared between tumor cells and normal cells have also improved protein-based vaccines. Other approaches use inactivated patient-derived tumor cells to elicit immune responses, or purified tumor antigens are given to patient-derived dendritic cells that are activated in vitro prior to reinjection. This review will discuss recent developments in therapeutic cancer vaccines such as, mode of action and engineering new types of anticancer vaccines, in order to summarize the latest preclinical and clinical data for further discussion of ongoing clinical endeavors in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Sobhani
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Bruna Scaggiante
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy.
| | - Rachel Morris
- Thunder Biotech, 395 Cougar Blvd, Provo, UT 84604, USA.
| | - Dafei Chai
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, PR China.
| | - Martina Catalano
- School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, Florence 50134, Italy.
| | - Dana Rae Tardiel-Cyril
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Praveen Neeli
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Giandomenico Roviello
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini 6, Florence 50139, Italy.
| | - Giuseppina Mondani
- Royal Infirmary Hospital, Foresterhill Health Campus, Foresterhill Rd, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, United Kingdom.
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Chai D, Shi SY, Sobhani N, Ding J, Zhang Z, Jiang N, Wang G, Li M, Li H, Zheng J, Bai J. IFI35 Promotes Renal Cancer Progression by Inhibiting pSTAT1/pSTAT6-Dependent Autophagy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14122861. [PMID: 35740527 PMCID: PMC9221357 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon-induced protein 35 (IFI35), is currently acknowledged to govern the virus-related immune inflammatory responses. However, the biological significance and function of IFI35 in renal cell cancer (RCC) is still not well understood. Here, IFI35 expression and function were investigated in RCC tissues, renal cancer cells, and animal models. The results showed that IFI35 expression was significantly increased in 200 specimens of RCC patients. We found that higher IFI35 levels were significantly correlated with poor RCC prognosis. In human cell lines, the knockdown of IFI35 suppressed the malignant behavior of renal cancer cells. Similarly, the IFI35 knockdown resulted in significant inhibition of tumor progression in the subcutaneous or lung metastasis mouse model. Furthermore, the knockdown of IFI35 promoted the induction of autophagy by enhancing the autophagy-related gene expression (LC3-II, Beclin-1, and ATG-5). Additionally, blockade of STAT1/STAT6 phosphorylation (pSTAT1/pSTAT6) abrogated the induced autophagy by IFI35 knockdown in renal cancer cells. The autophagy inhibitor 3-MA also abolished the prevention of tumor growth by deleting IFI35 in renal cancer models. The above results suggest that the knockdown of IFI35 suppressed tumor progression of renal cancer by pSTAT1/pSTAT6-dependent autophagy. Our research revealed that IFI35 may serve as a potential diagnosis and therapeutic target for RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafei Chai
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China; (D.C.); (J.D.); (Z.Z.); (N.J.); (G.W.); (M.L.)
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Shang Yuchen Shi
- Department of Stereotactic Radiotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221006, China;
| | - Navid Sobhani
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Jiage Ding
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China; (D.C.); (J.D.); (Z.Z.); (N.J.); (G.W.); (M.L.)
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Zichun Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China; (D.C.); (J.D.); (Z.Z.); (N.J.); (G.W.); (M.L.)
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China;
| | - Nan Jiang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China; (D.C.); (J.D.); (Z.Z.); (N.J.); (G.W.); (M.L.)
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China;
| | - Gang Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China; (D.C.); (J.D.); (Z.Z.); (N.J.); (G.W.); (M.L.)
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Minle Li
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China; (D.C.); (J.D.); (Z.Z.); (N.J.); (G.W.); (M.L.)
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Hailong Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China;
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (J.B.)
| | - Jin Bai
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China; (D.C.); (J.D.); (Z.Z.); (N.J.); (G.W.); (M.L.)
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221002, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (J.B.)
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Roudi R, D'Angelo A, Sirico M, Sobhani N. Immunotherapeutic treatments in hepatocellular carcinoma; achievements, challenges and future prospects. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108322. [PMID: 34735916 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and fatal malignancies with an alarming trend all around the world. Common therapeutic approaches in the early stage of disease are surgical resection, ablation, and liver transplantation. Due to the insidious identity of HCC, the majority of the patients are diagnosed at advanced stages, where tumor spreading, or distant metastasis unfortunately have already occurred. Immunotherapeutic options have elicited a promising approach in some malignancies with Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approving the first checkpoint inhibitor anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) ipilimumab for the treatment of melanoma ten years ago. In the past decade, many clinical trials have been investigating anti-CTLA-4 as well as anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) therapies in various solid tumors, including HCC. In this mini-review we will discuss the latest clinical data from clinical trials for immune-checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Roudi
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Alberto D'Angelo
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2-7AX, UK
| | - Marianna Sirico
- Department of Medical Oncology, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, Via P. Maroncelli 40, 47014 Meldola, Italy
| | - Navid Sobhani
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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18
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Sobhani N, Roviello G, D’Angelo A, Roudi R, Neeli PK, Generali D. p53 Antibodies as a Diagnostic Marker for Cancer: A Meta-Analysis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206215. [PMID: 34684792 PMCID: PMC8541220 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance: The protein p53 is an unequivocal tumor suppressor that is altered in half of all cancers. The immune system produces systemic p53 autoantibodies (p53 Abs) in many cancer patients. Objective: This systemic review and meta-analysis focuses on the prognostic value of p53 Abs expressed in the serum of patients with solid tumors. Data Sources: All the clinical investigations were searched on PubMed from the first study dated 1993 until May 2021 (date of submission of the manuscript). Study Selection: Studies were included that met the following criteria: (1) participants with cancer; (2) outcome results expressed in relation to the presence of a p53 antibody; (3) a primary outcome (disease-free survival, overall survival or progression-free survival) expressed as hazard ratio (HR). The following exclusion criteria were used: (1) insufficient data available to evaluate outcomes; (2) animal studies; (3) studies with less than 10 participants. As a result, 12 studies were included in the analysis. Data Extraction and Synthesis: PRISMA guidelines were used for abstracting and assessing data quality and validity by three independent observers. The summary estimates were generated using a fixed-effect model (Mantel-Haenszel method) or a random-effect model (DerSimonian-Laird method), depending on the absence or presence of heterogeneity (I2). Main Outcome(s) and Measure(s): The primary study outcome was to determine the prognostic value of p53 Abs from a large population of patients with solid tumors, as determined before data collection. Results: In total, 12 clinical studies involving 2094 patients were included in the meta-analysis, and it was determined that p53 Abs expression in the serum significantly correlated with poorer survival outcomes of cancer patients (95% CI 1.48 [1.24, 1.77]; p < 0.00001). Conclusions and Relevance: This is the first meta-analysis proving the diagnostic utility of p53-Abs for cancer patients in predicting poorer outcomes. The serum-p53 value (s-p53-value) may be useful for future theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Sobhani
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (D.G.)
| | | | - Alberto D’Angelo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;
| | - Raheleh Roudi
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Praveen Kumar Neeli
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Daniele Generali
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Hospital, Strada Di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (D.G.)
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Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most frequent causes of mortality in the western world. v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) is a member of the Raf kinase family and plays a critical role in cellular growth, proliferation, and differentiation through the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. The incidence of BRAF mutations in NSCLC is low, accounting for 0-3% of all cases of lung cancer. Given the results obtained in metastatic melanoma, several studies have reported the efficacy of anti-BRAF therapies in NSCLC treatment. In this review, we describe changes in the landscape of BRAF-mutated lung cancer treatment and analyze insights from major clinical trials in the context of future therapeutic prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giandomenico Roviello
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy.
| | - Alberto D'Angelo
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2-7AX, UK
| | - Marianna Sirico
- Multidisciplinary Operative Unit of Mammary Pathology and Translational Research, ASST of Cremona, 26100, Cremona, Italy
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Matteo Pittacolo
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Felipe Umpierre Conter
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Navid Sobhani
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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20
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Sobhani N, Neeli PK, D’Angelo A, Pittacolo M, Sirico M, Galli IC, Roviello G, Nesi G. AR-V7 in Metastatic Prostate Cancer: A Strategy beyond Redemption. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5515. [PMID: 34073713 PMCID: PMC8197232 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic prostate cancer is the most common cancer in males and the fifth cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Despite the major progress in this field, leading to the approval of novel anti-androgens, the prognosis is still poor. A significant number of patients acquire an androgen receptor splice variant 7 (AR-V7), which is constitutively activated and lacks the ligand-binding domain (LBD) while maintaining the nuclear localization signal and DNA-binding domain (DBD). This conformational change, even in the absence of the ligand, allows its retention within the nucleus, where it acts as a transcription factor repressing crucial tumor suppressor genes. AR-V7 is an important oncogenic driver and plays a role as an early diagnostic and prognostic marker, as well as a therapeutic target for antagonists such as niclosamide and TAS3681. Anti-AR-V7 drugs have shown promise in recent clinical investigations on this subset of patients. This mini-review focuses on the relevance of AR-V7 in the clinical manifestations of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and summarizes redemptive therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Sobhani
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.S.); (P.K.N.); (M.P.)
| | - Praveen Kumar Neeli
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.S.); (P.K.N.); (M.P.)
| | - Alberto D’Angelo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;
| | - Matteo Pittacolo
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (N.S.); (P.K.N.); (M.P.)
| | - Marianna Sirico
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK;
- Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale Cremona, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Ilaria Camilla Galli
- Histopathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Careggi Teaching Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | | | - Gabriella Nesi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
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21
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Fan C, Qu H, Wang X, Sobhani N, Wang L, Liu S, Xiong W, Zeng Z, Li Y. Cancer/testis antigens: from serology to mRNA cancer vaccine. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 76:218-231. [PMID: 33910064 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Cancer/testis antigens (CTAs) are a group of tumor antigens expressed in numerous cancer tissues, as well as in the testis and placental tissues. There are over 200 CTAs supported by serology and expression data. The expression patterns of CTAs reflect the similarities between the processes of gametogenesis and tumorigenesis. It is notable that CTAs are highly expressed in three types of cancers (lung cancer, bladder cancer, and skin cancer), all of which have a metal etiology. Here, we review the expression, regulation, and function of CTAs and their translational prospects as cancer biomarkers and treatment targets. Many CTAs are highly immunogenic, tissue-specific, and frequently expressed in cancer tissues but not under physiological conditions, rendering them promising candidates for cancer detection. Some CTAs are associated with clinical outcomes, so they may serve as prognostic biomarkers. A small number of CTAs are membrane-bound, making them ideal targets for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. Mounting evidence suggests that CTAs induce humoral or cellular immune responses, providing cancer immunotherapeutic opportunities for T-cell receptors (TCRs), CAR T cell, antibody-based therapy and peptide- or mRNA-based vaccines. Indeed, CTAs are the dominating non-mutated targets in mRNA cancer vaccine development. Clinical trials on CTA TCR and vaccines have shown effectiveness, safety, and tolerance, but these successes are limited to a small number of patients. In-depth studies on CTA expression and function are needed to improve CTA-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Hongke Qu
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Navid Sobhani
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Leiming Wang
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Shuanglin Liu
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Wei Xiong
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zeng
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Yong Li
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, United States.
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Sobhani N, Tardiel-Cyril DR, Davtyan A, Generali D, Roudi R, Li Y. CTLA-4 in Regulatory T Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1440. [PMID: 33809974 PMCID: PMC8005092 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have obtained durable responses in many cancers, making it possible to foresee their potential in improving the health of cancer patients. However, immunotherapies are currently limited to a minority of patients and there is a need to develop a better understanding of the basic molecular mechanisms and functions of pivotal immune regulatory molecules. Immune checkpoint cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and regulatory T (Treg) cells play pivotal roles in hindering the anticancer immunity. Treg cells suppress antigen-presenting cells (APCs) by depleting immune stimulating cytokines, producing immunosuppressive cytokines and constitutively expressing CTLA-4. CTLA-4 molecules bind to CD80 and CD86 with a higher affinity than CD28 and act as competitive inhibitors of CD28 in APCs. The purpose of this review is to summarize state-of-the-art understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlining CTLA-4 immune regulation and the correlation of the ICI response with CTLA-4 expression in Treg cells from preclinical and clinical studies for possibly improving CTLA-4-based immunotherapies, while highlighting the knowledge gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Sobhani
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Dana Rae Tardiel-Cyril
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Aram Davtyan
- Atomwise, 717 Market St, San Francisco, CA 94103, USA;
| | - Daniele Generali
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34147 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Raheleh Roudi
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
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23
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Sobhani N, Fassl A, Mondani G, Generali D, Otto T. Targeting Aberrant FGFR Signaling to Overcome CDK4/6 Inhibitor Resistance in Breast Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:293. [PMID: 33535617 PMCID: PMC7912842 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. Therapies targeting molecular pathways altered in BC had significantly enhanced treatment options for BC over the last decades, which ultimately improved the lives of millions of women worldwide. Among various molecular pathways accruing substantial interest for the development of targeted therapies are cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs)-in particular, the two closely related members CDK4 and CDK6. CDK4/6 inhibitors indirectly trigger the dephosphorylation of retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein by blocking CDK4/6, thereby blocking the cell cycle transition from the G1 to S phase. Although the CDK4/6 inhibitors abemaciclib, palbociclib, and ribociclib gained FDA approval for the treatment of hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative BC as they significantly improved progression-free survival (PFS) in randomized clinical trials, regrettably, some patients showed resistance to these therapies. Though multiple molecular pathways could be mechanistically responsible for CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy resistance, one of the most predominant ones seems to be the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) pathway. FGFRs are involved in many aspects of cancer formation, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and growth. Importantly, FGFRs are frequently mutated in BC, and their overexpression and/or hyperactivation correlates with CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance and shortened PFS in BC. Intriguingly, the inhibition of aberrant FGFR activity is capable of reversing the resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors. This review summarizes the molecular background of FGFR signaling and discusses the role of aberrant FGFR signaling during cancer development in general and during the development of CDK4/6 inhibitor resistance in BC in particular, together with other possible mechanisms for resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors. Subsequently, future directions on novel therapeutic strategies targeting FGFR signaling to overcome such resistance during BC treatment will be further debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Sobhani
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anne Fassl
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Giuseppina Mondani
- Department Breast Oncoplastic Surgery Royal Cornwall Hospital, Treliske, Truro TR13LJ, UK;
| | - Daniele Generali
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Hospital, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Tobias Otto
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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24
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Sirico M, Bernocchi O, Sobhani N, Giudici F, Corona SP, Vernieri C, Nichetti F, Cappelletti MR, Milani M, Strina C, Cervoni V, Barbieri G, Ziglioli N, Dester M, Bianchi GV, De Braud F, Generali D. Early Changes of the Standardized Uptake Values (SUV max) Predict the Efficacy of Everolimus-Exemestane in Patients with Hormone Receptor-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113314. [PMID: 33182575 PMCID: PMC7697290 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The mTORC1 inhibitor everolimus has been approved in combination with the aromatase inhibitor exemestane for the treatment of hormone receptor-positive (HR+) human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) metastatic breast cancer (HR+ mBC) progressing on prior therapy with a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor. To date, no predictive biomarkers of tumor sensitivity/resistance for everolimus-based treatments have been identified. We hypothesized that precocious changes in the Standardized Uptake Volume (∆SUV%), as assessed by 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucosepositron-emission tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT), may be a marker of everolimus efficacy. Methods: This was a retrospective study including 31 HR+ HER2- patients treated with everolimus and exemestane in two Italian centers between 2013 and 2018. The objective of the study was to investigate ∆SUV% as a predictive marker of everolimus antitumor efficacy. 18F-FDG PET/CT scans were performed at baseline and after three months of treatment. Patients were defined as long responders (LRs) if disease progression occurred at least 10 months after treatment initiation and long survivors (LSs) if death occurred later than 36 months after starting therapy. ROC analysis was used to determine the optimal cut-off values of ∆SUV% to distinguish LRs from non-LRs and LSs from non-LSs. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. Results: The SUVmax values decreased significantly from baseline to 3 months after therapy (p = 0.003). Dynamic changes of SUVmax (Delta SUV) had a higher accuracy in discriminating long-responders from non-long-responders (AUC = 0.67, Delta SUV cut-off = 28.8%) respects to its ability to identify long survivors from no-long survivors (AUC = 0.60, Delta SUV cut-off = 53.8%). Patients were divided into groups according to the Delta SUV cut-offs and survival outcomes were evaluated: patients with a decrease of ∆SUV% ≥ 28.8% had significantly better PFS (10 months-PFS: 63.2%, 95% CI: 37.9-80.4% and 16.7%, 95% CI: 2.7-41.3% respectively, p = 0.005). As regard as OS, patients with ∆SUV% ≥ 53.8% had longer OS when compared to patients with ∆SUV% < 53.8% (36 month-OS: 82.5% vs. 45.9% vs. p = 0.048). Conclusion: We found two precocious ∆SUV% thresholds capable of identifying HR+ HER2-mBC patients, which would achieve long-term benefit or long-term survival during everolimus-exemestane therapy. These results warrant further validation in prospective studies and should be integrated with molecular biomarkers related to tumor metabolism and mTORC1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Sirico
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; (S.P.C.); (M.R.C.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (V.C.); (G.B.); (N.Z.); (M.D.); (D.G.)
- Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale Cremona, 26100 Cremona, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Ottavia Bernocchi
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34147 Trieste, Italy; (O.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Navid Sobhani
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (N.S.)
| | - Fabiola Giudici
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34147 Trieste, Italy; (O.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Silvia P. Corona
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; (S.P.C.); (M.R.C.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (V.C.); (G.B.); (N.Z.); (M.D.); (D.G.)
- Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale Cremona, 26100 Cremona, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34147 Trieste, Italy; (O.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Claudio Vernieri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.V.); (F.N.); (G.V.B.); (F.D.B.)
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Nichetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.V.); (F.N.); (G.V.B.); (F.D.B.)
| | - Maria Rosa Cappelletti
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; (S.P.C.); (M.R.C.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (V.C.); (G.B.); (N.Z.); (M.D.); (D.G.)
- Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale Cremona, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Manuela Milani
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; (S.P.C.); (M.R.C.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (V.C.); (G.B.); (N.Z.); (M.D.); (D.G.)
- Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale Cremona, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Carla Strina
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; (S.P.C.); (M.R.C.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (V.C.); (G.B.); (N.Z.); (M.D.); (D.G.)
- Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale Cremona, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Valeria Cervoni
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; (S.P.C.); (M.R.C.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (V.C.); (G.B.); (N.Z.); (M.D.); (D.G.)
- Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale Cremona, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Barbieri
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; (S.P.C.); (M.R.C.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (V.C.); (G.B.); (N.Z.); (M.D.); (D.G.)
- Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale Cremona, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Ziglioli
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; (S.P.C.); (M.R.C.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (V.C.); (G.B.); (N.Z.); (M.D.); (D.G.)
- Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale Cremona, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Martina Dester
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; (S.P.C.); (M.R.C.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (V.C.); (G.B.); (N.Z.); (M.D.); (D.G.)
- Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale Cremona, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Giulia Valeria Bianchi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.V.); (F.N.); (G.V.B.); (F.D.B.)
| | - Filippo De Braud
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.V.); (F.N.); (G.V.B.); (F.D.B.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Generali
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK; (S.P.C.); (M.R.C.); (M.M.); (C.S.); (V.C.); (G.B.); (N.Z.); (M.D.); (D.G.)
- Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale Cremona, 26100 Cremona, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34147 Trieste, Italy; (O.B.); (F.G.)
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25
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Schettini F, Sobhani N, Ianza A, Triulzi T, Molteni A, Lazzari MC, Strina C, Milani M, Corona SP, Sirico M, Bernocchi O, Giudici F, Cappelletti MR, Ciruelos E, Jerusalem G, Loi S, Fox SB, Generali D. Immune system and angiogenesis-related potential surrogate biomarkers of response to everolimus-based treatment in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer: an exploratory study. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2020; 184:421-431. [PMID: 32770287 PMCID: PMC7599144 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05856-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose mTOR inhibitor everolimus is used for hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer (mBC). No reliable predictive biomarker of response is available. Following evidences from other solid tumors, we aimed to assess the association between treatment-associated immune system features and everolimus activity. Methods We retrospectively explored a correlation with the therapeutic activity of everolimus and tumor-associated immune pathways with ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), circulating lymphocytes, and endothelial cells (CECs) in 3 different HR+ mBC studies, including the BALLET phase IIIb study. Results The circulating levels of CD3+/CD8+, CD3+/CD4+, and overall T lymphocytes were higher in responders versus non-responders at baseline (p = 0.017, p < 0.001, p = 0.034) and after treatment (p = 0.01, p = 0.003, p = 0.023). Reduced CECs, a tumor neoangiogenesis marker, were observed in responders after treatment (p < 0.001). Patients with low NLR (≤ 4.4) showed a better progression-free survival compared to patients with high NLR (> 4.4) (p = 0.01). IPA showed that the majority of immunity-related genes were found upregulated in responders compared to non-responders before treatment, but not after. Conclusions Lymphocytes subpopulations, CECs and NLR could be interesting biomarkers predictive of response to everolimus-based regimens, potentially useful in daily clinical practice to select/monitor everolimus-based treatment in mBC. Further studies to confirm such hypotheses are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Schettini
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapeutics in Solid Tumors, August Pi I Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,SOLTI Breast Cancer Research Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Navid Sobhani
- Department of Medical, Surgery & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale 1, 34129, Trieste, Italy
| | - Anna Ianza
- Department of Medical, Surgery & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale 1, 34129, Trieste, Italy
| | - Tiziana Triulzi
- Molecular Targeting Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Alfredo Molteni
- UO Ematologia e CTMO, ASST di Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, 26100, Cremona, Italy
| | | | - Carla Strina
- UO Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria e Ricerca Traslazionale, ASST di Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, 26100, Cremona, Italy
| | - Manuela Milani
- UO Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria e Ricerca Traslazionale, ASST di Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, 26100, Cremona, Italy
| | - Silvia Paola Corona
- Department of Medical, Surgery & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale 1, 34129, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marianna Sirico
- UO Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria e Ricerca Traslazionale, ASST di Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, 26100, Cremona, Italy
| | - Ottavia Bernocchi
- Department of Medical, Surgery & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale 1, 34129, Trieste, Italy.,UO Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria e Ricerca Traslazionale, ASST di Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, 26100, Cremona, Italy
| | - Fabiola Giudici
- Department of Medical, Surgery & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale 1, 34129, Trieste, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Cappelletti
- UO Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria e Ricerca Traslazionale, ASST di Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, 26100, Cremona, Italy
| | - Eva Ciruelos
- SOLTI Breast Cancer Research Group, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medical Oncology, Breast Cancer Unit, University Hospital, 12 de Octubre, Avda de Córdoba s/n, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guy Jerusalem
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Liège and Liège University, Avenue de L'Hòpital 1, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sherine Loi
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen B Fox
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniele Generali
- Department of Medical, Surgery & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale 1, 34129, Trieste, Italy. .,UO Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria e Ricerca Traslazionale, ASST di Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, 26100, Cremona, Italy.
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Sobhani N, Sirico M, Generali D, Zanconati F, Scaggiante B. Circulating cell-free nucleic acids as prognostic and therapy predictive tools for metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer. World J Clin Oncol 2020; 11:450-463. [PMID: 32821651 PMCID: PMC7407926 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v11.i7.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer remains a disease hard to cure, and for this reason predictive tools to monitor disease progression and therapy response are an urgent need. In this respect, liquid biopsy on circulating cell-free nucleic acids represents an interesting strategy based on robust data. The low invasiveness and the possibility to target circulating cell-free tumor deoxyribonucleic acid underline the high specificity, sensitivity and clinical usability of the technique. Moreover, it has been observed that the cell-free tumor deoxyribonucleic acid of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer patients can be representative of the tumor heterogeneity. Cell-free tumor deoxyribonucleic acids express the same behaviors as mutations: Variation in gene copy number or the methylation rate of the tumor tissue. Recently, circulating cell-free ribonucleic acid molecules have emerged as interesting markers to stratify the disease. Due to high-throughput technologies, liquid biopsy on circulating cell-free nucleic acids will soon be utilized in the clinical management of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Sobhani
- Texas Medical Centre, Baylor College of Medicine, Alkek Building, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Marianna Sirico
- Multidisciplinary Operative Unit of Mammary Pathology and Translational Research, ASST of Cremona, Cremona 26100, Italy
| | - Daniele Generali
- Multidisciplinary Operative Unit of Mammary Pathology and Translational Research, ASST of Cremona, Cremona 26100, Italy
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Academic Hospital, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Zanconati
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Academic Hospital, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Bruna Scaggiante
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
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Sobhani N, D’Angelo A, Wang X, Young KH, Generali D, Li Y. Mutant p53 as an Antigen in Cancer Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114087. [PMID: 32521648 PMCID: PMC7312027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor plays a pivotal role in cancer and infectious disease. Many oncology treatments are now calling on immunotherapy approaches, and scores of studies have investigated the role of p53 antibodies in cancer diagnosis and therapy. This review summarizes the current knowledge from the preliminary evidence that suggests a potential role of p53 as an antigen in the adaptive immune response and as a key monitor of the innate immune system, thereby speculating on the idea that mutant p53 antigens serve as a druggable targets in immunotherapy. Except in a few cases, the vast majority of published work on p53 antibodies in cancer patients use wild-type p53 as the antigen to detect these antibodies and it is unclear whether they can recognize p53 mutants carried by cancer patients at all. We envision that an antibody targeting a specific mutant p53 will be effective therapeutically against a cancer carrying the exact same mutant p53. To corroborate such a possibility, a recent study showed that a T cell receptor-like (TCLR) antibody, initially made for a wild-type antigen, was capable of discriminating between mutant p53 and wild-type p53, specifically killing more cancer cells expressing mutant p53 than wild-type p53 in vitro and inhibiting the tumour growth of mice injected with mutant p53 cancer cells than mice with wild-type p53 cancer cells. Thus, novel antibodies targeting mutant p53, but not the wild-type isoform, should be pursued in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Sobhani
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (Y.L.)
| | - Alberto D’Angelo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK;
| | - Xu Wang
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Ken H. Young
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA;
| | - Daniele Generali
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Hospital, Strada Di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Yong Li
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (Y.L.)
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D'Angelo A, Sobhani N, Bagby S, Casadei-Gardini A, Roviello G. Cabozantinib as a second-line treatment option in hepatocellular carcinoma. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2020; 13:623-629. [PMID: 32394749 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2020.1767591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most frequent tumors affecting the gastrointestinal tract and a universal cause of morbidity and mortality. Cabozantinib is a strong multi-inhibitor of receptor tyrosine kinases approved for renal cell carcinoma that could be useful also for the treatment of HCC. AREAS COVERED This review describes the chemical structure, the pharmacologic properties and current knowledge of the efficacy of cabozantinib in the treatment of HCC based on data available from first phase and later phase clinical trials. The ongoing studies testing cabozantinib, either alone or in combination with other drugs, are also described. EXPERT OPINION Despite the recent achievements in the use of cabozantinib for patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma, data are still needed to allow clinicians to make better decisions on how to treat specific patient subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto D'Angelo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath , Bath, UK
| | - Navid Sobhani
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stefan Bagby
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath , Bath, UK
| | - Andrea Casadei-Gardini
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children & Adults, University-Hospital of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena, Italy
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Sobhani N, Corona SP, Roviello G, Bagby S, D'Angelo A, Iezzi G, Generali D. Immune-gene signature: a new tool for patient selection for checkpoint inhibitors? Future Oncol 2020; 16:1327-1330. [PMID: 32396404 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Navid Sobhani
- Department of Medical, Surgery & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale 1, 34129 Trieste, Italy.,Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 77030 Houston, TX, USA
| | - Silvia P Corona
- Department of Medical, Surgery & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale 1, 34129 Trieste, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Roviello
- Department of Medical, Surgery & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale 1, 34129 Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefan Bagby
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, BA2-7AX Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Alberto D'Angelo
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, BA2-7AX Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Giandomenico Iezzi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Murate Building, Via Murate 5A, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Generali
- Department of Medical, Surgery & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale 1, 34129 Trieste, Italy.,Breast Cancer Unit, ASST Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, 26100 Cremona, Italy
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Sobhani N, Fan C, O. Flores-Villanueva P, Generali D, Li Y. The Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors in Breast Cancer: from Oncogenesis to Better Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2011. [PMID: 32188012 PMCID: PMC7139621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent form of malignancy and second only to lung cancer as cause of deaths in women. Notwithstanding many progresses made in the field, metastatic BC has a very poor prognosis. As therapies are becoming more personalized to meet the needs of patients, a better knowledge of the molecular biology leading to the disease unfolds the possibility to project more precise compounds or antibodies targeting definite alteration at the molecular level and functioning on such cancer-causing molecules expressed in cancer cells of patients, or present as antigens on the surface of cancer cell membranes. Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) is one of such druggable targets, activated by its own ligands -namely the Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs). This pathway provides a vast range of interesting molecular targets pursued at different levels of clinical investigation. Herein we provide an update on the knowledge of genetic alterations of the receptors in breast cancer, their role in tumorigenesis and the most recent drugs against this particular receptor for the treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Sobhani
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.F.); (P.O.F.-V.)
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Hospital, Strada Di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Chunmei Fan
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.F.); (P.O.F.-V.)
| | - Pedro O. Flores-Villanueva
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.F.); (P.O.F.-V.)
| | - Daniele Generali
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Hospital, Strada Di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Yong Li
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.F.); (P.O.F.-V.)
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Leggeri S, Sobhani N. Single nucleotide polymorphisms Rs1045642 C>T genetic alteration in ATP Binding Cassette Subfamily B Member 1 role in increasing everolimus toxicity in metastatic breast cancer. AIMS Molecular Science 2020. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2020001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Roviello G, Sobhani N, Corona SP, D'Angelo A. Corticosteroid switch after progression on abiraterone acetate plus prednisone. Int J Clin Oncol 2019; 25:240-246. [PMID: 31705219 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-019-01577-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Abiraterone acetate plus prednisone is approved in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. There is some evidence in favour of the steroid switch from prednisone to dexamethasone in patients who progressed whilst on abiraterone acetate plus prednisone or prednisolone. MATERIALS AND METHODS The aim of this review is to discuss the results from the clinical studies available, examining potential mechanisms of action and patient selection criteria for this treatment option. RESULTS A total of four studies were evaluated. Among possible eligibility criteria for steroid switch, we found: PSA progression without any radiological or clinical progression during abiraterone acetate + prednisone; no high-grade adverse events related to CYP-17 inhibition; and unfitness for chemotherapy or radium-223. CONCLUSION Although large randomized prospective trials are warranted, steroid switch seems to offer a good option for certain patients treated with abiraterone acetate plus prednisone or prednisolone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giandomenico Roviello
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy.
| | - Navid Sobhani
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Hospital, Strada Di Fiume 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy
- Breast Cancer Unit, ASST Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, 26100, Cremona, Italy
| | - Silvia Paola Corona
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Hospital, Strada Di Fiume 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alberto D'Angelo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, B2 7AY, UK
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El Kharbili M, Sobhani N, Krauspe E, Mylavarapu R, Terzian T, Box N. LB1128 The role of keratinocyte p53 in melanocyte behavior. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.06.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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D’Angelo A, Sobhani N, Roviello G, Bagby S, Bonazza D, Bottin C, Giudici F, Zanconati F, De Manzini N, Guglielmi A, Generali D. Tumour infiltrating lymphocytes and immune-related genes as predictors of outcome in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219566. [PMID: 31381571 PMCID: PMC6681957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the correlation between pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patient prognosis and the presence of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes and expression of 521 immune system genes. METHODS Intratumoural CD3+, CD8+, and CD20+ lymphocytes were examined by immunohistochemistry in 12 PDAC patients with different outcomes who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy. The results were correlated with gene expression profile using the digital multiplexed NanoString nCounter analysis system (NanoString Technologies, Seattle, WA, USA). RESULTS Twenty immune system genes were significantly differentially expressed in patients with a good prognosis relative to patients with a worse prognosis: TLR2 and TLR7 (Toll-like receptor superfamily); CD4, CD37, FOXP3, PTPRC (B cell and T cell signalling); IRF5, IRF8, STAT1, TFE3 (transcription factors); ANP32B, CCND3 (cell cycle); BTK (B cell development); TNF, TNFRF1A (TNF superfamily); HCK (leukocyte function); C1QA (complement system); BAX, PNMA1 (apoptosis); IKBKE (NFκB pathway). Differential expression was more than twice log 2 for TLR7, TNF, C1QA, FOXP3, and CD37. DISCUSSION Tumour infiltrating lymphocytes were present at higher levels in samples from patients with better prognosis. Our findings indicate that tumour infiltrating lymphocyte levels and expression level of the immune system genes listed above influence pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma prognosis. This information could be used to improve selection of best responders to immune inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto D’Angelo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical, Surgical, & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale, Trieste, Italy
| | - Navid Sobhani
- Department of Medical, Surgical, & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale, Trieste, Italy
- Breast Cancer Unit, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Roviello
- Department of Medical, Surgical, & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefan Bagby
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Bonazza
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ospedale di Cattinara, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Strada di Fiume, Trieste, Italy
| | - Cristina Bottin
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ospedale di Cattinara, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Strada di Fiume, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabiola Giudici
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ospedale di Cattinara, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Strada di Fiume, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Zanconati
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ospedale di Cattinara, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Strada di Fiume, Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicolo De Manzini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ospedale di Cattinara, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Strada di Fiume, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandra Guglielmi
- Department of Medical, Surgical, & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale, Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniele Generali
- Department of Medical, Surgical, & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale, Trieste, Italy
- Breast Cancer Unit, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, Ospedale di Cattinara, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Strada di Fiume, Trieste, Italy
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Roviello G, Conter FU, Mini E, Generali D, Traversini M, Lavacchi D, Nobili S, Sobhani N. Nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel: a big nano for the treatment of gastric cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 84:669-677. [PMID: 31187168 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-03887-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Patients with unresectable GC can be treated with chemotherapy such as paclitaxel, which is a microtubule stabilizer. The use of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-ptx) avoids hypersensitivity reactions due to the absence of solvent needed to dissolve paclitaxel and it can be administered at higher doses. The ABSOLUTE randomized phase-3 clinical trial showed the non-inferiority of the nab-ptx used every week compared to the solvent-based paclitaxel used every week. This review describes the current advancements of the use of nab-ptx in GC in preclinical and clinical study investigations. The possibility of combining nab-ptx with other medications to improve response of patients to their specific molecular needs will also be debated.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Roviello
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy.
| | - F U Conter
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA), Farroupilha Avenue, 8001, Canoas, RS, 92425-900, Brazil
| | - E Mini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - D Generali
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy.,Breast Cancer Unit and Translational Research Unit, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - M Traversini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - D Lavacchi
- School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - S Nobili
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - N Sobhani
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy.,Breast Cancer Unit and Translational Research Unit, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy
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Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common malignancy and the third cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Currently, surgery and chemotherapy remain the main therapeutic options and the prognosis of the disease is still poor in the metastatic setting. Avelumab is a human IgG1 antibody directed against PD-L1 approved for Merkel cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma that could be useful also for the treatment of GC. This review describes the chemical structure, the pharmacologic properties and the current knowledge of the efficacy of avelumab in the treatment of GC from the data available on the first and later phase clinical trials. The ongoing studies testing this drug either alone or in combination with other drugs are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giandomenico Roviello
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Alberto D’Angelo
- Department of Biology & Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Generali
- Breast Cancer Unit, ASST Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Matteo Pittacolo
- Department of Orthopedics & Orthopedic Oncology, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Monica Ganzinelli
- Thoracic Unit, Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Nicolò de Manzini
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences Cattinara University Hospital, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Navid Sobhani
- Breast Cancer Unit, ASST Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, 26100 Cremona, Italy
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Mylavarapu R, Plehaty M, Sobhani N, Stevens W, Flores R, Finlon J, Box N, Kiefer F, Tamburini B, Terzian T. 420 Investigating new molecular pathways in skin vascular formation and disease. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sobhani N, Roviello G, Pivetta T, Ianza A, Bonazza D, Zanconati F, Giudici F, Bottin C, Corona SP, Guglielmi A, Rizzardi C, Milione M, Cortale M, Confalonieri M, Generali D. Tumour infiltrating lymphocytes and PD-L1 expression as potential predictors of outcome in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:2713-2720. [PMID: 30840203 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04715-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and aggressive form of tumour. Some mesotheliomas have been proven to be highly immunogenic. Here, we investigated the correlation between tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) or programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression with overall survival (OS) in patients with MPM. 62 Paraffin-embedded formalin fixed (PEFF) samples were analysed for TILs and PD-L1 expression. Patients were divided in 4 groups according to a cut-off of the percentage of TILs found per sample as measured by immunohistichemistry: "0" or absent (between 0 and 5%), "1" or low (between 6 and 25%), "2" or moderate (between 26 and 50%) and "3" or high (between 51 and 75%). OS was then correlated with different TILs' expression patterns. Moreover, PD-L1 expression was assessed within the tumour as well as in the adjacent stroma on the same samples. Higher expression of peritumoral TILs (Group 2 + 3) versus Group 0 and 1 correlated with improved OS (p-value = 0.02). On the contrary PD-L1 expression seemed to be inversely correlated with clinical outcomes, even in the absence of statistical significance (HR 1.76; p = 0.083 95% IC 0.92-3.36 in areas within the tumour; HR 1.60; p = 0.176 95%; IC 0.80-3.19 in areas within the stroma). No relationship between TILs and PD-L1 expression was identified. Our research supports the use of TILs and PD-L1 expression as potential outcome predictors in patients with MPM. The use of TILs and PD-L1 as biomarkers for checkpoint inhibitors' efficacy warrants future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sobhani
- Department of Medicine, Surgery & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy. .,Department of Medicine, Surgery & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale 1, 34129, Trieste, Italy.
| | - G Roviello
- Department of Medicine, Surgery & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale 1, 34129, Trieste, Italy.,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Onco-Hematology, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, via Padre Pio 1, 85028, Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - T Pivetta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - A Ianza
- Department of Medicine, Surgery & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale 1, 34129, Trieste, Italy
| | - D Bonazza
- Department of Medicine, Surgery & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - F Zanconati
- Department of Medicine, Surgery & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - F Giudici
- Department of Medicine, Surgery & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - C Bottin
- Department of Medicine, Surgery & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - S P Corona
- Department of Medicine, Surgery & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - A Guglielmi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale 1, 34129, Trieste, Italy
| | - C Rizzardi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Milione
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - M Cortale
- Department of Medicine, Surgery & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Confalonieri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Teaching Hospital, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - D Generali
- Department of Medicine, Surgery & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale 1, 34129, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Breast Cancer Unit and Translational Research Unit, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy
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Roviello G, Generali D, Sobhani N. The combination of bevacizumab with chemotherapy is more beneficial in the metastatic setting rather than in the adjuvant setting for the treatment of HER2-negative breast cancer-a commentary on the E5103 randomized phase III clinical study. Transl Cancer Res 2019; 8:S94-S96. [PMID: 35117071 PMCID: PMC8797650 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2018.10.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giandomenico Roviello
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniele Generali
- Breast Cancer Unit and Translational Research Unit, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Navid Sobhani
- Breast Cancer Unit and Translational Research Unit, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Sobhani N, Generali D, Zanconati F, Bortul M, Scaggiante B. Current status of PI3K-mTOR inhibition in hormone-receptor positive, HER2-negative breast cancer. World J Clin Oncol 2018; 9:172-179. [PMID: 30622925 PMCID: PMC6314865 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v9.i8.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women and second only to lung cancer in terms of mortality. Among the three different BC subtypes, the oestrogen receptor positive represents nearly 70% of all cases and it is usually treated with anti-oestrogen drugs. However, the majority of hormone receptor positive metastatic BC patients develop resistance to anti-oestrogen treatments. The need for more down-stream therapies brought to the development of therapeutic strategies inhibiting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Inhibitors of the mTOR have been tested in different clinical trials; everolimus has been Food and Drug Administration approved for the treatment of oestrogen receptor positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative BC patients in combination with exemestane in patients who have progressed to anastrozole or letrozole after the encouraging results coming from BOLERO-2 trial. Similar results were obtained by the TAMRAD investigatory study testing tamoxifen in combination with everolimus in advanced BC. This editorial focuses on the results from BOLERO-2, BOLERO 4 and BOLERO-6, which tested the clinical importance of mTOR inhibition. We comment also on the role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-mTOR inhibition as reported in the BELLE-2 and BELLE-3 trials and the future directions for the inhibition of this tumour metabolic axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Sobhani
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Academic Hospital, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Daniele Generali
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Academic Hospital, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Zanconati
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Academic Hospital, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Marina Bortul
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Academic Hospital, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Bruna Scaggiante
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
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Mylavarapu R, Plehaty M, Sobhani N, Stevens W, Flores R, El-Kharbili M, Finlon J, Tamburini B, Box N, Terzian T. LB1546 New molecular pathways in skin vasculature development. J Invest Dermatol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.06.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Roviello G, Corona SP, Bozza G, Aieta M, Generali D, Rodriquenz MG, Mileo AM, Imperatori M, Ianza A, Conca R, Sobhani N. Lenvatinib for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2018; 27:507-512. [PMID: 29718721 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2018.1472235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 2-3% of all solid tumors. Expression of the receptor for the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the most common features of RCC. AREAS COVERED Lenvatinib is a novel multi-kinase inhibitor that has been studied in several solid tumors. It has shown promising results in the treatment of RCC, especially when combined with everolimus, In this review, we summarize the available data of lenvatinib for the treatment of advanced/metastatic renal cell carcinoma. EXPERT OPINION Lenvatinib in combination with everolimus has provided encouraging results in both clinical and laboratory investigations showing that blocking angiogenesis and the mTOR signalling pathway could be a remarkable approach for treating RCC. As an additive to this type of approach it would be interesting in future clinical settings testing also the combination of lenvatinib and everolimus with immune-therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giandomenico Roviello
- a Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Onco-Hematology , IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata , Rionero, Vulture , Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Bozza
- a Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Onco-Hematology , IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata , Rionero, Vulture , Italy
| | - Michele Aieta
- a Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Onco-Hematology , IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata , Rionero, Vulture , Italy
| | - Daniele Generali
- c Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences , University of Trieste , Trieste , Italy.,d Breast Cancer and Translational Research Unit , ASST Cremona , Cremona , Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Rodriquenz
- a Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Onco-Hematology , IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata , Rionero, Vulture , Italy
| | - Anna Maria Mileo
- a Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Onco-Hematology , IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata , Rionero, Vulture , Italy
| | - Marco Imperatori
- a Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Onco-Hematology , IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata , Rionero, Vulture , Italy
| | - Anna Ianza
- c Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences , University of Trieste , Trieste , Italy
| | - Raffaele Conca
- a Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Onco-Hematology , IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata , Rionero, Vulture , Italy
| | - Navid Sobhani
- c Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences , University of Trieste , Trieste , Italy
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Sobhani N, Generali D, Zanconati F, Bortul M, Scaggiante B. Cell-free DNA integrity for the monitoring of breast cancer: Future perspectives? World J Clin Oncol 2018; 9:26-32. [PMID: 29651384 PMCID: PMC5893994 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v9.i2.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer and the second cause of death in women worldwide. Therapeutic options are increasing, but the response to treatments is not always efficient and the risk of recurrence covers decades. In this perspective, the need to have a proper follow-up for the therapeutic responses and for anticipating recurrence it is urgent in the clinical setting. Liquid biopsy provides the basic principle for a non-invasive method for the routinely monitoring of BC. However, due to the heterogeneity of tumors during onset and progression, the search for tumor DNA mutations of targeted genes in plasma/serum is a limiting factor. A possible approach overtaking this problem comes from the measurement of cell-free DNA integrity, which is an independent factor from the mutational status and theoretically is representative of all tumors. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art of cell-free DNA integrity researches in BC, the controversies and the future perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Sobhani
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Academic Hospital, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Daniele Generali
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Academic Hospital, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Zanconati
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Academic Hospital, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Marina Bortul
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Academic Hospital, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Bruna Scaggiante
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34127, Italy
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Sobhani N, Roviello G, Corona SP, Scaltriti M, Ianza A, Bortul M, Zanconati F, Generali D. The prognostic value of PI3K mutational status in breast cancer: A meta-analysis. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:4287-4292. [PMID: 29345357 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. The availability of reliable biomarkers of response/resistance to cancer treatments would benefit patients and clinicians allowing for a better selection of BC patients most likely to respond to a specific treatment. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) enzymes are involved in numerous cellular- functions and processes. The gene encoding for PI3K catalytic subunit p110α is mutated in 20-40% of BC. We performed a meta-analysis of the current literature on randomized clinical trials, investigating the role of PIK3CA mutational status as prognostic factor, and predictor of response to anti-cancer treatments. Overall 1929 cases were included. The pooled analysis confirmed that the presence of a PIK3CA mutation represents an independent negative prognostic factor (HR = 1.67, 95%CI: 1.15-2.43; P = 0.007) in BC, as previously reported. As PI3K signaling is also a result of other pathways' hyperactivation, further investigation of potential biomarkers able to predict likelihood of response to anti-PI3K/mTOR, anti-HER2, and other TKRs is warranted in future randomized clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Sobhani
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Teaching Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Academic Hospital, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Roviello
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Teaching Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Oncology, Medical Oncology Unit, San Donato Hospital, Arezzo, Italy
| | - Silvia P Corona
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Moorabbin Campus, Bentleigh East, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maurizio Scaltriti
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Anna Ianza
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Teaching Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marina Bortul
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Academic Hospital, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Zanconati
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Academic Hospital, Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniele Generali
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Teaching Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Academic Hospital, Trieste, Italy
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Sobhani N, Corona SP, Bonazza D, Ianza A, Pivetta T, Roviello G, Cortale M, Guglielmi A, Zanconati F, Generali D. Advances in systemic therapy for malignant mesothelioma: future perspectives. Future Oncol 2017; 13:2083-2101. [PMID: 28984470 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma is a rare and aggressive form of cancer affecting the mesothelium. This mainly occupational disease is becoming more common in those countries where asbestos has been used for industrial applications. Notwithstanding the progress made in the field, patients do not survive more than 12 months on average with standard treatment. With the advent of next generation sequencing, it is now possible to study the mutational landscape of each tumor with the aim of identifying the genetic aberrations driving tumorigenesis. This review encompasses the latest research in the field, with particular attention to new chemotherapy combinatorial regimens, molecular targets and immunotherapies, providing a comprehensive picture of the current and future treatment options for malignant mesothelioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Sobhani
- Department of Medical, Surgical, & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale 1 34129 Trieste, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgical, & Health Sciences, Teaching Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, Via Fiume 447, 34129 Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvia Paola Corona
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Moorabbin Campus, 823-865 Centre Rd, Bentleigh East VIC 3165, Australia
| | - Deborah Bonazza
- Department of Medical, Surgical, & Health Sciences, Teaching Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, Via Fiume 447, 34129 Trieste, Italy
| | - Anna Ianza
- Department of Medical, Surgical, & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale 1 34129 Trieste, Italy
| | - Tania Pivetta
- Department of Medical, Surgical, & Health Sciences, Teaching Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, Via Fiume 447, 34129 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Cortale
- Department of Medical, Surgical, & Health Sciences, Teaching Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, Via Fiume 447, 34129 Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandra Guglielmi
- Department of Medical, Surgical, & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale 1 34129 Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Zanconati
- Department of Medical, Surgical, & Health Sciences, Teaching Hospital of Cattinara, University of Trieste, Via Fiume 447, 34129 Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniele Generali
- Department of Medical, Surgical, & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale 1 34129 Trieste, Italy.,Breast Cancer Unit, ASST Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, 26100, Cremona, Italy
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- Giandomenico Roviello
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, San Donato Hospital, Arezzo, Italy.,Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Navid Sobhani
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniele Generali
- Department of Medical, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.,Unit of Molecular Therapy and Pharmacogenomic, ASST Cremona, Cremona, Italy
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Sobhani N, Roviello G, Corona SP, Ianza A, Zanconati F, Generali D. Need for randomized clinical trials testing targeted therapies in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Lung Cancer 2017; 114:103-105. [PMID: 28757047 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2017.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Sobhani
- Department of Medical, Surgery & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale 1, 34129 Trieste, Italy.
| | - G Roviello
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, San Donato Hospital, Via Nenni 20, 52100 Arezzo, Italy; Department of Medical, Surgery & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale 1, 34129, Trieste, Italy
| | - S P Corona
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Moorabbin Campus, 823-865 Centre Rd, Bentleigh East, VIC 3165, Australia.
| | - A Ianza
- Department of Medical, Surgery & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale 1, 34129 Trieste, Italy
| | - F Zanconati
- Department of Medical, Surgery & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale 1, 34129 Trieste, Italy.
| | - D Generali
- Department of Medical, Surgery & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale 1, 34129 Trieste, Italy.
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Sobhani N, Generali D, Roviello G. PAK6-Associated Support Vector Machine Classifier: A New Way to Evaluate Response and Survival of Gastric Cancer Treated by 5-FU/Oxaliplatin Chemotherapy. EBioMedicine 2017; 22:18-19. [PMID: 28688823 PMCID: PMC5552208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Navid Sobhani
- Department of Medical, Surgery & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale 1, 34129 Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniele Generali
- Department of Medical, Surgery & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale 1, 34129 Trieste, Italy; Breast Cancer Unit, Translational Research Unit, ASST Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, 26100 Cremona, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Roviello
- Department of Medical, Surgery & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Piazza Ospitale 1, 34129 Trieste, Italy; Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Oncology, San Donato Hospital, Via Nenni 20, 52100 Arezzo, Italy.
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Sobhani N, Corona SP, Zanconati F, Generali D. Cyclin dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors as novel therapeutic agents for targeted treatment of malignant mesothelioma. Genes Cancer 2017; 8:495-496. [PMID: 28680533 PMCID: PMC5489646 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant Mesothelioma (MM) is a rare and aggressive form of tumour that affects the lining of the internal organs for which current treatments have not been proven to be very effective. P16INK4A tumour suppressor encoding CDKN2A gene is often downregulated in MM. This protein is a cyclin dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitor, that normally phosphorylates RB1, which has to be un-phosphorylated in order to block cell-cycle at G1 in normal cells. Adding CDK inhibitor molecules to MM in pre-clinical studies has been proven to restore the normal function of p16INK4A, blocking thereby MM cell cycle at G1. Future randomised phase III studies with CDK4/6 inhibitors in MM carrying relevant CDK4/6, cyclin D1/3 or p16 aberrations will be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Sobhani
- Department of Medical, Surgery & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvia P Corona
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Moorabbin Campus, Australia
| | - Fabrizio Zanconati
- Department of Medical, Surgery & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniele Generali
- Department of Medical, Surgery & Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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