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Palmer JA, Rosenthal N, Teichmann SA, Litvinukova M. Revisiting Cardiac Biology in the Era of Single Cell and Spatial Omics. Circ Res 2024; 134:1681-1702. [PMID: 38843288 PMCID: PMC11149945 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.323672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Throughout our lifetime, each beat of the heart requires the coordinated action of multiple cardiac cell types. Understanding cardiac cell biology, its intricate microenvironments, and the mechanisms that govern their function in health and disease are crucial to designing novel therapeutical and behavioral interventions. Recent advances in single-cell and spatial omics technologies have significantly propelled this understanding, offering novel insights into the cellular diversity and function and the complex interactions of cardiac tissue. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the cellular landscape of the heart, bridging the gap between suspension-based and emerging in situ approaches, focusing on the experimental and computational challenges, comparative analyses of mouse and human cardiac systems, and the rising contextualization of cardiac cells within their niches. As we explore the heart at this unprecedented resolution, integrating insights from both mouse and human studies will pave the way for novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions, ultimately improving outcomes for patients with cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack A. Palmer
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.A.P., S.A.T.)
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus (J.A.P., S.A.T.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nadia Rosenthal
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME (N.R.)
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (N.R.)
| | - Sarah A. Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.A.P., S.A.T.)
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus (J.A.P., S.A.T.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Theory of Condensed Matter Group, Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory (S.A.T.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Monika Litvinukova
- University Hospital Würzburg, Germany (M.L.)
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Germany (M.L.)
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus, Helmholtz Munich, Germany (M.L.)
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2
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Ravi V, Jain A, Taneja A, Chatterjee K, Sundaresan NR. Isolation and Culture of Neonatal Murine Primary Cardiomyocytes. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e196. [PMID: 34289259 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The cardiomyocyte is the main cell type in the heart responsible for its contractile function. Culturing primary cardiomyocytes from mammalian sources to study their function remains challenging as they are terminally differentiated and cease to multiply soon after birth. The major technical hurdles associated with primary cardiomyocyte culture include attaining high yields, obtaining healthy/viable cells that show spontaneous contractions upon culture, and avoiding contamination by non-myocyte cardiac cell types such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells. The yield and the quality of the cardiomyocytes obtained are impacted by a variety of factors, such as the purity of the reagents, composition of the digestion mixture, the digestion conditions, and the temperature of the tissue during different steps of isolation. Here, we provide a simplified workflow to isolate, culture, and maintain neonatal primary cardiomyocytes from rats/mice in culture dishes, which can then be used to study, for instance, cardiac hypertrophy and drug-induced cardiotoxicity. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: Isolation and culture of primary cardiomyocytes from rat/mouse pups Support Protocol: Coating of tissue culture plates with extracellular matrix substrates for efficient cardiomyocyte attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatraman Ravi
- Cardiovascular and Muscle Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Aditi Jain
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Arushi Taneja
- Cardiovascular and Muscle Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Kaushik Chatterjee
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India.,Department of Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Nagalingam Ravi Sundaresan
- Cardiovascular and Muscle Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
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Kreutzer FP, Meinecke A, Schmidt K, Fiedler J, Thum T. Alternative strategies in cardiac preclinical research and new clinical trial formats. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:746-762. [PMID: 33693475 PMCID: PMC7989574 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
An efficient and safe drug development process is crucial for the establishment of new drugs on the market aiming to increase quality of life and life-span of our patients. Despite technological advances in the past decade, successful launches of drug candidates per year remain low. We here give an overview about some of these advances and suggest improvements for implementation to boost preclinical and clinical drug development with a focus on the cardiovascular field. We highlight advantages and disadvantages of animal experimentation and thoroughly review alternatives in the field of three-dimensional cell culture as well as preclinical use of spheroids and organoids. Microfluidic devices and their potential as organ-on-a-chip systems, as well as the use of living animal and human cardiac tissues are additionally introduced. In the second part, we examine recent gold standard randomized clinical trials and present possible modifications to increase lead candidate throughput: adaptive designs, master protocols, and drug repurposing. In silico and N-of-1 trials have the potential to redefine clinical drug candidate evaluation. Finally, we briefly discuss clinical trial designs during pandemic times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Philipp Kreutzer
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anna Meinecke
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Kevin Schmidt
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Fiedler
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,REBIRTH Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hannover, Germany
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Sheehy SP, Grosberg A, Qin P, Behm DJ, Ferrier JP, Eagleson MA, Nesmith AP, Krull D, Falls JG, Campbell PH, McCain ML, Willette RN, Hu E, Parker KK. Toward improved myocardial maturity in an organ-on-chip platform with immature cardiac myocytes. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:1643-1656. [PMID: 28343439 PMCID: PMC5786366 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217701006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro studies of cardiac physiology and drug response have traditionally been performed on individual isolated cardiomyocytes or isotropic monolayers of cells that may not mimic desired physiological traits of the laminar adult myocardium. Recent studies have reported a number of advances to Heart-on-a-Chip platforms for the fabrication of more sophisticated engineered myocardium, but cardiomyocyte immaturity remains a challenge. In the anisotropic musculature of the heart, interactions between cardiac myocytes, the extracellular matrix (ECM), and neighboring cells give rise to changes in cell shape and tissue architecture that have been implicated in both development and disease. We hypothesized that engineered myocardium fabricated from cardiac myocytes cultured in vitro could mimic the physiological characteristics and gene expression profile of adult heart muscle. To test this hypothesis, we fabricated engineered myocardium comprised of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes with laminar architectures reminiscent of that observed in the mature heart and compared their sarcomere organization, contractile performance characteristics, and cardiac gene expression profile to that of isolated adult rat ventricular muscle strips. We found that anisotropic engineered myocardium demonstrated a similar degree of global sarcomere alignment, contractile stress output, and inotropic concentration-response to the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol. Moreover, the anisotropic engineered myocardium exhibited comparable myofibril related gene expression to muscle strips isolated from adult rat ventricular tissue. These results suggest that tissue architecture serves an important developmental cue for building in vitro model systems of the myocardium that could potentially recapitulate the physiological characteristics of the adult heart. Impact statement With the recent focus on developing in vitro Organ-on-Chip platforms that recapitulate tissue and organ-level physiology using immature cells derived from stem cell sources, there is a strong need to assess the ability of these engineered tissues to adopt a mature phenotype. In the present study, we compared and contrasted engineered tissues fabricated from neonatal rat ventricular myocytes in a Heart-on-a-Chip platform to ventricular muscle strips isolated from adult rats. The results of this study support the notion that engineered tissues fabricated from immature cells have the potential to mimic mature tissues in an Organ-on-Chip platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Sheehy
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, and John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Anna Grosberg
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, and John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Pu Qin
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA
| | - David J Behm
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA
| | - John P Ferrier
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, and John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Mackenzie A Eagleson
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, and John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Alexander P Nesmith
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, and John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - David Krull
- Safety Assessment Unit, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA
| | - James G Falls
- Safety Assessment Unit, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA
| | - Patrick H Campbell
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, and John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Megan L McCain
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, and John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Robert N Willette
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA
| | - Erding Hu
- Heart Failure Discovery Performance Unit, Metabolic Pathways and Cardiovascular Therapy Area Unit, GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, PA 19406, USA
| | - Kevin K Parker
- Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, and John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Kudryashova N, Tsvelaya V, Agladze K, Panfilov A. Virtual cardiac monolayers for electrical wave propagation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7887. [PMID: 28801548 PMCID: PMC5554264 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07653-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex structure of cardiac tissue is considered to be one of the main determinants of an arrhythmogenic substrate. This study is aimed at developing the first mathematical model to describe the formation of cardiac tissue, using a joint in silico-in vitro approach. First, we performed experiments under various conditions to carefully characterise the morphology of cardiac tissue in a culture of neonatal rat ventricular cells. We considered two cell types, namely, cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. Next, we proposed a mathematical model, based on the Glazier-Graner-Hogeweg model, which is widely used in tissue growth studies. The resultant tissue morphology was coupled to the detailed electrophysiological Korhonen-Majumder model for neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes, in order to study wave propagation. The simulated waves had the same anisotropy ratio and wavefront complexity as those in the experiment. Thus, we conclude that our approach allows us to reproduce the morphological and physiological properties of cardiac tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Kudryashova
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Gent University, Gent, 9000, Belgium
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Excitable Systems, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Valeriya Tsvelaya
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Excitable Systems, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Konstantin Agladze
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Excitable Systems, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Moscow Region, Russia.
| | - Alexander Panfilov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Gent University, Gent, 9000, Belgium.
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6
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Wang S, Wang X, Boone J, Wie J, Yip KP, Zhang J, Wang L, Liu R. Application of Hanging Drop Technique for Kidney Tissue Culture. Kidney Blood Press Res 2017; 42:220-231. [PMID: 28478441 PMCID: PMC6050513 DOI: 10.1159/000476018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims The hanging drop technique is a well-established method used in culture of animal tissues. However, this method has not been used in adult kidney tissue culture yet. This study was to explore the feasibility of using this technique for culturing adult kidney cortex to study the time course of RNA viability in the tubules and vasculature, as well as the tissue structural integrity. Methods In each Petri dish with the plate covered with sterile buffer, a section of mouse renal cortex was cultured within a drop of DMEM culture medium on the inner surface of the lip facing downward. The tissue were then harvested at each specific time points for Real-time PCR analysis and histological studies. Results The results showed that the mRNA level of most Na+ related transporters and cotransporters were stably maintained within 6 hours in culture, and that the mRNA level of most receptors found in the vasculature and glomeruli were stably maintained for up to 9 days in culture. Paraffin sections of the cultured renal cortex indicated that the tubules began to lose tubular integrity after 6 hours, but the glomeruli and vasculatures were still recognizable up to 9 days in culture. Conclusions We concluded that adult kidney tissue culture by hanging drop method can be used to study gene expressions in vasculature and glomeruli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Ximing Wang
- Present Address: Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong provincial key laboratory of diagnosis and treatment of cardio-cerebral vascular disease, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jasmine Boone
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jin Wie
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Kay-Pong Yip
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Ruisheng Liu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
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7
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Zuppinger C. 3D culture for cardiac cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1863:1873-81. [PMID: 26658163 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses historical milestones, recent developments and challenges in the area of 3D culture models with cardiovascular cell types. Expectations in this area have been raised in recent years, but more relevant in vitro research, more accurate drug testing results, reliable disease models and insights leading to bioartificial organs are expected from the transition to 3D cell culture. However, the construction of organ-like cardiac 3D models currently remains a difficult challenge. The heart consists of highly differentiated cells in an intricate arrangement.Furthermore, electrical “wiring”, a vascular system and multiple cell types act in concert to respond to the rapidly changing demands of the body. Although cardiovascular 3D culture models have been predominantly developed for regenerative medicine in the past, their use in drug screening and for disease models has become more popular recently. Many sophisticated 3D culture models are currently being developed in this dynamic area of life science. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Cardiomyocyte Biology: Integration of Developmental and Environmental Cues in the Heart edited by Marcus Schaub and Hughes Abriel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Zuppinger
- Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Department of Clinical Research, MEM G803b, Murtenstrasse 35, CH-3008, Bern, Switzerland.
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Tandon N, Marsano A, Maidhof R, Wan L, Park H, Vunjak-Novakovic G. Optimization of electrical stimulation parameters for cardiac tissue engineering. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2011; 5:e115-25. [PMID: 21604379 DOI: 10.1002/term.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In vitro application of pulsatile electrical stimulation to neonatal rat cardiomyocytes cultured on polymer scaffolds has been shown to improve the functional assembly of cells into contractile engineered cardiac tissues. However, to date, the conditions of electrical stimulation have not been optimized. We have systematically varied the electrode material, amplitude and frequency of stimulation to determine the conditions that are optimal for cardiac tissue engineering. Carbon electrodes, exhibiting the highest charge-injection capacity and producing cardiac tissues with the best structural and contractile properties, were thus used in tissue engineering studies. Engineered cardiac tissues stimulated at 3 V/cm amplitude and 3 Hz frequency had the highest tissue density, the highest concentrations of cardiac troponin-I and connexin-43 and the best-developed contractile behaviour. These findings contribute to defining bioreactor design specifications and electrical stimulation regime for cardiac tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Tandon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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Cohn AE. PHYSIOLOGICAL ONTOGENY : A. CHICKEN EMBRYOS. VI. DIFFERENTIATION IN THE CHICKEN EMBRYO HEART FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF STIMULUS PRODUCTION. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 42:299-310. [PMID: 19869053 PMCID: PMC2131011 DOI: 10.1084/jem.42.3.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In these experiments we have shown that, with the technique adopted, differences in behavior are exhibited by fragments of the heart taken from different localities. The different localities behave in a more or less uniform manner. The pace-making function, for instance, is found at first throughout the cardiac tube but later it is restricted and comes to reside in a special small area at the back of the right auricle near the center. The pace-making system is able to develop a rate comparable to that shown by the whole intact heart, irrespective of the size of the fragment in which it is contained. Later, under the circumstances of the study, the ventricular structures lose the power of spontaneous contraction, and later still, the auricular ones also. It need scarcely be pointed out, however, that this loss refers only to the function of pace making. In its place, the various localities of the heart undoubtedly take on other capabilities. This is what is meant after all by differentiation. The question whether the pace-making and conduction systems reside in the remains of primitive portions of the cardiac tube in an undifferentiated form, or whether on the other hand these primitive portions develop into differentiated structures which preside over these functions may be reviewed afresh. Obviously the tube in its early state possesses these functions; obviously also the major part of the heart loses them during the course of development. A knowledge of the changes in form paralleling changes in function would have great interest. On this phase of the problem we hope to report later. On the basis of these observations, differentiation from the point of view of stimulus production may be viewed perhaps in this manner. Pace making, the conduction of impulses, and contraction are the primitive functions of the tube. As the tube develops into the adult structure, pace making and conduction are supposedly served by tissues resembling in structure the original ones. Whether as a matter of fact a structural change takes place is an interesting and important problem. Those portions of the heart which require to develop greater degrees of energy lose the primitive functions of pace making and conduction, and, in the transformation, take on a differentiated structure. It is, then, not the structures in which the primitive functions of pace making and conduction reside which are differentiated, but the greater mass of ventricular muscle. These reflections have their origin not only from our own work but they grow out of observations to be found in the writings of those (A. Keith and I. Mc-Kenzie) who call the nodal and conduction tissues in the heart, embryonic. But whether from the point of view developed here the use of this term is completely descriptive remains an interesting problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Cohn
- Hospital of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E. Akins
- From the Department of Biomedical Research, A.I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Del
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Jaffredo T, Chestier A, Bachnou N, Dieterlen-Lièvre F. MC29-immortalized clonal avian heart cell lines can partially differentiate in vitro. Exp Cell Res 1991; 192:481-91. [PMID: 1846337 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(91)90067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We established quail clonal heart muscle cell lines from cardiac rhabdomyosarcomas developed in embryos injected in ovo with the MC29 virus containing the v-myc oncogene. These clones were characterized by means of antibodies detecting markers of striated muscle cells. Two clones were selected for further characterization on the basis of a distribution of myogenic markers similar to that in normal early embryonic cardiac muscle cells. However, these muscle markers progressively disappeared with time in culture. Cardiomyocytic differentiation could be reinduced in culture, by associating the avain cardiac cells with 3T3 cells in a defined synthetic medium. Muscle markers were then reexpressed in all cardiac cells as soon as Day 1 after coculture. Multiplication of cardiac cells continued at the same time. This is characteristic of cardiac clones since MC29-infected quail myoblasts and MC29-infected quail fibroblasts exhibited a split response to 3T3 association, i.e., decreased growth and enhanced differentiation. The cardiac clones were maintained in vitro for more than 60 generations (6 months) without morphological changes. To our knowledge, this is the first description of clonal embryonic avian heart cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jaffredo
- Institut d'Embryologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire du CNRS, Collège de France, Nogent sur Marne, France
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Hughes DM, Longmore DB. Relationship between the stage of development of foetal hearts and their survival in organ culture. Nature 1972; 235:334-6. [PMID: 4551523 DOI: 10.1038/235334a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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�ber die Entwicklung der Arbeits- und Erregungsleitungsmuskulatur des Herzens von Ratte und Meerschweinchen. Cell Tissue Res 1967. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00339755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gordon HP, Wilde CE. "Conditioned" medium and heart muscle differentiation: contrast between explants and disaggregated cells in chemically defined medium. Exp Cell Res 1965; 40:438-42. [PMID: 5855295 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4827(65)90280-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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17
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Burrows MT. Energy production and transformation in protoplasm as seen through a study of the mechanism of migration and growth of body cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1926. [DOI: 10.1002/aja.1000370206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Cady LD. A microscopical study of the sinoventricular bundle of the rabbit's heart; with reference to the data relative to its functional interpretation, especially in terms of a source of replacement of degenerated myocardium. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1921. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.1090210404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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