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Mitra S, Saran RK, Srivastava S, Rensing C. Pesticides in the environment: Degradation routes, pesticide transformation products and ecotoxicological considerations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 935:173026. [PMID: 38750741 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Among rising environmental concerns, emerging contaminants constitute a variety of different chemicals and biological agents. The composition, residence time in environmental media, chemical interactions, and toxicity of emerging contaminants are not fully known, and hence, their regulation becomes problematic. Some of the important groups of emerging contaminants are pesticides and pesticide transformation products (PTPs), which present a considerable obstacle to maintaining and preserving ecosystem health. This review article aims to thoroughly comprehend the occurrence, fate, and ecotoxicological importance of pesticide transformation products (PTPs). The paper provides an overview of pesticides and PTPs as contaminants of emerging concern and discusses the modes of degradation of pesticides, their properties and associated risks. The degradation of pesticides, however, does not lead to complete destruction but can instead lead to the generation of PTPs. The review discusses the properties and toxicity of PTPs and presents the methods available for their detection. Moreover, the present study examines the existing regulatory framework and suggests the need for the development of new technologies for easy, routine detection of PTPs to regulate them effectively in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchitra Mitra
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Kolkata 741245, WB, India
| | - R K Saran
- Department of Microbiology, Maharaja Ganga Singh University, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sudhakar Srivastava
- Plant Stress Biology Laboratory, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, UP, India.
| | - Christopher Rensing
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, College of Resource and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China
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2
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Moldoveanu OC, Maggioni M, Dani FR. Environmental ameliorations and politics in support of pollinators. Experiences from Europe: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 362:121219. [PMID: 38838532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
At least 87% of angiosperm species require animal vectors for their reproduction, while more than two-thirds of major global food crops depend on zoogamous pollination. Pollinator insects are a wide variety of organisms that require diverse biotic and abiotic resources. Many factors have contributed to a serious decrease in the abundance of populations and diversity of pollinator species over the years. This decline is alarming, and the European Union has taken several actions aimed at counteracting it by issuing new conservation policies and standardizing the actions of member countries. In 2019, the European Green Deal was presented, aiming to restore 100% of Europe's degraded land by 2050 through financial and legislative instruments. Moreover, the Common Agricultural Policies have entailed greening measures for the conservation of habitats and beneficial species for more than 10 years. The new CAP (CAP 23-27) reinforces conservation objectives through strategic plans based on eco-schemes defined at the national level by the member countries, and some states have specifically defined eco-schemes for pollinator conservation. Here, we review the framework of EU policies, directives, and regulations, which include measures aimed at protecting pollinators in agricultural, urban, and peri-urban environments. Moreover, we reviewed the literature reporting experimental works on the environmental amelioration for pollinators, particularly those where CAP measures were implemented and evaluated, as well as studies conducted in urban areas. Among CAP measures, several experimental works have considered the sowing and management of entomophilous plants and reported results important for environmental ameliorations. Some urban, peri-urban and wasteland areas have been reported to host a considerable number of pollinators, especially wild bees, and despite the lack of specific directives, their potential to contribute to pollinator conservation could be enhanced through targeted actions, as highlighted by some studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martino Maggioni
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Centre, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Dani
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy; National Biodiversity Future Centre, Palermo, Italy.
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3
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de Castro Lippi IC, da Luz Scheffer J, de Lima YS, Lunardi JS, Astolfi A, Kadri SM, Alvarez MVN, de Oliveira Orsi R. Intake of imidacloprid in lethal and sublethal doses alters gene expression in Apis mellifera bees. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 940:173393. [PMID: 38795984 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Bees are important pollinators for ecosystems and agriculture; however, populations have suffered a decline that may be associated with several factors, including habitat loss, climate change, increased vulnerability to diseases and parasites and use of pesticides. The extensive use of neonicotinoids, including imidacloprid, as agricultural pesticides, leads to their persistence in the environment and accumulation in bees, pollen, nectar, and honey, thereby inducing deleterious effects. Forager honey bees face significant exposure to pesticide residues while searching for resources outside the hive, particularly systemic pesticides like imidacloprid. In this study, 360 Apis mellifera bees, twenty-one days old (supposed to be in the forager phase) previously marked were fed syrup (honey and water, 1:1 m/v) containing a lethal dose (0.081 μg/bee) or sublethal dose (0.00081 μg/bee) of imidacloprid. The syrup was provided in plastic troughs, with 250 μL added per trough onto each plastic Petri dish containing 5 bees (50 μL per bee). The bees were kept in the plastic Petri dishes inside an incubator, and after 1 and 4 h of ingestion, the bees were euthanised and stored in an ultra-freezer (-80 °C) for transcriptome analysis. Following the 1-h ingestion of imidacloprid, 1516 genes (73 from lethal dose; 1509 from sublethal dose) showed differential expression compared to the control, while after 4 h, 758 genes (733 from lethal dose; 25 from sublethal) exhibited differential expression compared to the control. All differentially expressed genes found in the brain tissue transcripts of forager bees were categorised based on gene ontology into functional groups encompassing biological processes, molecular functions, and cellular components. These analyses revealed that sublethal doses might be capable of altering more genes than lethal doses, potentially associated with a phenomenon known as insecticide-induced hormesis. Alterations in genes related to areas such as the immune system, nutritional metabolism, detoxification system, circadian rhythm, odour detection, foraging activity, and memory in bees were present after exposure to the pesticide. These findings underscore the detrimental effects of both lethal and sublethal doses of imidacloprid, thereby providing valuable insights for establishing public policies regarding the use of neonicotinoids, which are directly implicated in the compromised health of Apis mellifera bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Cristina de Castro Lippi
- Centre of Education, Science and Technology in Rational Beekeeping (NECTAR), Department of Animal Production and Medicine Veterinary Preventive, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Jaine da Luz Scheffer
- Centre of Education, Science and Technology in Rational Beekeeping (NECTAR), Department of Animal Production and Medicine Veterinary Preventive, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Yan Souza de Lima
- Centre of Education, Science and Technology in Rational Beekeeping (NECTAR), Department of Animal Production and Medicine Veterinary Preventive, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Juliana Sartori Lunardi
- Centre of Education, Science and Technology in Rational Beekeeping (NECTAR), Department of Animal Production and Medicine Veterinary Preventive, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Aline Astolfi
- Centre of Education, Science and Technology in Rational Beekeeping (NECTAR), Department of Animal Production and Medicine Veterinary Preventive, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Samir Moura Kadri
- Centre of Education, Science and Technology in Rational Beekeeping (NECTAR), Department of Animal Production and Medicine Veterinary Preventive, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo de Oliveira Orsi
- Centre of Education, Science and Technology in Rational Beekeeping (NECTAR), Department of Animal Production and Medicine Veterinary Preventive, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Brazil.
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4
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Shepherd S, Park YG, Krupke CH. Effects of common co-occurring pesticides (a neonicotinoid and fungicide) on honey bee colony health in a semi-field study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29886. [PMID: 38707404 PMCID: PMC11066323 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple stressors are linked to declines of insects and important pollinators, such as bees. Recently, interactive effects of multiple agrochemicals on bees have been highlighted, including fungicides, which increase toxicity of neonicotinoid insecticides. Here, we use a semi-field study across two seasons in controlled foraging tunnels to test the effects of a field application of a commercial fungicide product with two active ingredients (pyraclostrobin and metconazole) applied at label rates. We also examine its interactive effects with the neonicotinoid insecticide clothianidin, at a conservative field-realistic dose of 2.23 ppb, on 48 honey bee colonies. We found combined effects of pesticide exposure, including additive 2.93-fold increases in mortality, and an additional effect of increased infestation levels of the ectoparasitic mite, Varroa destructor. Pesticide treatments also reduced colony activity, reduced colony weight, and increased sugar consumption of whole colonies. These findings indicate that typical sublethal exposure levels to common, co-occurring agrochemicals in the field significantly affect the health of whole honey bee colonies, highlighting an unintended consequence of increasing pesticide applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Young-gyun Park
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Hou J, Wang L, Wang J, Chen L, Han B, Li Y, Yu L, Liu W. A comprehensive evaluation of influencing factors of neonicotinoid insecticides (NEOs) in farmland soils across China: First focus on film mulching. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 470:134284. [PMID: 38615648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticide (NEO) residues in agricultural soils have concerning and adverse effects on agroecosystems. Previous studies on the effects of farmland type on NEOs are limited to comparing greenhouses with open fields. On the other hand, both NEOs and microplastics (MPs) are commonly found in agricultural fields, but their co-occurrence characteristics under realistic fields have not been reported. This study grouped farmlands into three types according to the covering degree of the film, collected 391 soil samples in mainland China, and found significant differences in NEO residues in the soils of the three different farmlands, with greenhouse having the highest NEO residue, followed by farmland with film mulching and farmland without film mulching (both open fields). Furthermore, this study found that MPs were significantly and positively correlated with NEOs. As far as we know this is the first report to disclose the association of film mulching and MPs with NEOs under realistic fields. Moreover, multiple linear regression and random forest models were used to comprehensively evaluate the factors influencing NEOs (including climatic, soil, and agricultural indicators). The results indicated that the random forest model was more reliable, with MPs, farmland type, and total nitrogen having higher relative contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hou
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - LiXi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - JinZe Wang
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - LiYuan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - BingJun Han
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - YuJun Li
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - WenXin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Rinkevich FD, Danka RG, Rinderer TE, Margotta JW, Bartlett LJ, Healy KB. Relative impacts of Varroa destructor (Mesostigmata:Varroidae) infestation and pesticide exposure on honey bee colony health and survival in a high-intensity corn and soybean producing region in northern Iowa. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2024; 24:18. [PMID: 38805656 PMCID: PMC11132140 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieae054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The negative effects of Varroa and pesticides on colony health and survival are among the most important concerns to beekeepers. To compare the relative contribution of Varroa, pesticides, and interactions between them on honey bee colony performance and survival, a 2-year longitudinal study was performed in corn and soybean growing areas of Iowa. Varroa infestation and pesticide content in stored pollen were measured from 3 apiaries across a gradient of corn and soybean production areas and compared to measurements of colony health and survival. Colonies were not treated for Varroa the first year, but were treated the second year, leading to reduced Varroa infestation that was associated with larger honey bee populations, increased honey production, and higher colony survival. Pesticide detections were highest in areas with high-intensity corn and soybean production treated with conventional methods. Pesticide detections were positively associated with honey bee population size in May 2015 in the intermediate conventional (IC) and intermediate organic (IO) apiaries. Varroa populations across all apiaries in October 2015 were negatively correlated with miticide and chlorpyrifos detections. Miticide detections across all apiaries and neonicotinoid detections in the IC apiary in May 2015 were higher in colonies that survived. In July 2015, colony survival was positively associated with total pesticide detections in all apiaries and chlorpyrifos exposure in the IC and high conventional (HC) apiaries. This research suggests that Varroa are a major cause of reduced colony performance and increased colony losses, and honey bees are resilient upon low to moderate pesticide detections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank D Rinkevich
- USDA-ARS Honey Bee Breeding, Genetics, and Physiology Laboratory, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Robert G Danka
- USDA-ARS Honey Bee Breeding, Genetics, and Physiology Laboratory, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Thomas E Rinderer
- USDA-ARS Honey Bee Breeding, Genetics, and Physiology Laboratory, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Joseph W Margotta
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Lewis J Bartlett
- Center for the Ecology of Infectious Disease, Odum School of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Kristen B Healy
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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7
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Henriques Martins CA, Azpiazu C, Bosch J, Burgio G, Dindo ML, Francati S, Sommaggio D, Sgolastra F. Different Sensitivity of Flower-Visiting Diptera to a Neonicotinoid Insecticide: Expanding the Base for a Multiple-Species Risk Assessment Approach. INSECTS 2024; 15:317. [PMID: 38786873 PMCID: PMC11122312 DOI: 10.3390/insects15050317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Insects play an essential role as pollinators of wild flowers and crops. At the same time, pollinators in agricultural environments are commonly exposed to pesticides, compromising their survival and the provision of pollination services. Although pollinators include a wide range of species from several insect orders, information on pesticide sensitivity is mostly restricted to bees. In addition, the disparity of methodological procedures used for different insect groups hinders the comparison of toxicity data between bees and other pollinators. Dipterans are a highly diverse insect order that includes some important pollinators. Therefore, in this study, we assessed the sensitivity of two hoverflies (Sphaerophoria rueppellii, Eristalinus aeneus) and one tachinid fly (Exorista larvarum) to a neonicotinoid insecticide (Confidor®, imidacloprid) following a comparative approach. We adapted the standardized methodology of acute contact exposure in honey bees to build dose-response curves and calculate median lethal doses (LD50) for the three species. The methodology consisted in applying 1 µL of the test solution on the thorax of each insect. Sphaerophoria rueppelli was the most sensitive species (LD50 = 10.23 ng/insect), and E. aeneus (LD50 = 18,176 ng/insect) the least. We then compared our results with those available in the literature for other pollinator species using species sensitivity distribution (SSD). Based on the SSD curve, the 95th percentile of pollinator species would be protected by a safety factor of 100 times the Apis mellifera endpoint. Overall, dipterans were less sensitive to imidacloprid than most bee species. As opposed to most bee species, oviposition and fecundity of many dipteran species can be reliably assessed in the laboratory. We measured the number of eggs laid following exposure to different insecticide doses and assessed the potential trade-off between oviposition and survival through the sublethal sensitivity index (SSI). Exposure to imidacloprid had a significant effect on fecundity, and SSI values indicated that oviposition is a sensitive endpoint for the three dipteran species tested. Future studies should integrate this information related to population dynamics in simulation models for environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Ariana Henriques Martins
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (C.A.H.M.); (G.B.); (M.L.D.); (S.F.)
| | - Celeste Azpiazu
- CREAF, Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (C.A.); (J.B.)
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Bosch
- CREAF, Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (C.A.); (J.B.)
| | - Giovanni Burgio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (C.A.H.M.); (G.B.); (M.L.D.); (S.F.)
| | - Maria Luisa Dindo
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (C.A.H.M.); (G.B.); (M.L.D.); (S.F.)
| | - Santolo Francati
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (C.A.H.M.); (G.B.); (M.L.D.); (S.F.)
| | - Daniele Sommaggio
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy;
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), Piazza Marina 61, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Sgolastra
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (C.A.H.M.); (G.B.); (M.L.D.); (S.F.)
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Nicholson CC, Knapp J, Kiljanek T, Albrecht M, Chauzat MP, Costa C, De la Rúa P, Klein AM, Mänd M, Potts SG, Schweiger O, Bottero I, Cini E, de Miranda JR, Di Prisco G, Dominik C, Hodge S, Kaunath V, Knauer A, Laurent M, Martínez-López V, Medrzycki P, Pereira-Peixoto MH, Raimets R, Schwarz JM, Senapathi D, Tamburini G, Brown MJF, Stout JC, Rundlöf M. Pesticide use negatively affects bumble bees across European landscapes. Nature 2024; 628:355-358. [PMID: 38030722 PMCID: PMC11006599 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06773-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable agriculture requires balancing crop yields with the effects of pesticides on non-target organisms, such as bees and other crop pollinators. Field studies demonstrated that agricultural use of neonicotinoid insecticides can negatively affect wild bee species1,2, leading to restrictions on these compounds3. However, besides neonicotinoids, field-based evidence of the effects of landscape pesticide exposure on wild bees is lacking. Bees encounter many pesticides in agricultural landscapes4-9 and the effects of this landscape exposure on colony growth and development of any bee species remains unknown. Here we show that the many pesticides found in bumble bee-collected pollen are associated with reduced colony performance during crop bloom, especially in simplified landscapes with intensive agricultural practices. Our results from 316 Bombus terrestris colonies at 106 agricultural sites across eight European countries confirm that the regulatory system fails to sufficiently prevent pesticide-related impacts on non-target organisms, even for a eusocial pollinator species in which colony size may buffer against such impacts10,11. These findings support the need for postapproval monitoring of both pesticide exposure and effects to confirm that the regulatory process is sufficiently protective in limiting the collateral environmental damage of agricultural pesticide use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Knapp
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Tomasz Kiljanek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Puławy, Poland
| | | | - Marie-Pierre Chauzat
- Laboratory for Animal Health, ANSES, Paris-Est University, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Cecilia Costa
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Agriculture and Environment Research Centre, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pilar De la Rúa
- Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alexandra-Maria Klein
- Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marika Mänd
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Simon G Potts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Oliver Schweiger
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Irene Bottero
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elena Cini
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Joachim R de Miranda
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gennaro Di Prisco
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Agriculture and Environment Research Centre, Bologna, Italy
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, The Italian National Research Council, Portici, Italy
| | - Christophe Dominik
- Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Halle, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Simon Hodge
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Vera Kaunath
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anina Knauer
- Agroscope, Agroecology and Environment, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marion Laurent
- Unit of Honey Bee Pathology, Sophia Antipolis Laboratory, ANSES, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | | | - Piotr Medrzycki
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics-Agriculture and Environment Research Centre, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Risto Raimets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Deepa Senapathi
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Giovanni Tamburini
- Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Mark J F Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK
| | - Jane C Stout
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maj Rundlöf
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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9
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Hotopp I, Russ A, Alkassab A, Pistorius J, Prados EA, Persigehl M. Using equivalence tests in higher tier studies of honey bees under the revised EFSA Bee Guidance-How? INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2024. [PMID: 38456634 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The proposed use of equivalence tests instead of difference tests in the revised guidance on the risk assessment of plant protection products for bees is a reasonable approach given an adverse effect was observed in the lower tier studies, using the hypothesis that there is a risk as the null hypothesis places the burden to prove the opposite on the other side. However, some uncertainties regarding the application of equivalence tests in field studies are discussed in the present study. Here, we compare equivalence and difference testing methods using a control dataset of a honey bee field effect study conducted in northern Germany in 2014. Half of the 48 colonies were assigned to a hypothetical test item group, and the colony strength data were analyzed using t-tests, a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM), and the corresponding equivalence tests. The data reflected the natural variability of honey bee colonies, with initially approximately 12 000 adult bees. Although the t-test and GLMM confirmed that 24 + 24 colonies are sufficient to show "no adverse effect," the equivalence tests of the t-test and GLMM were not able to reject the null hypothesis and classified at least some of the assessments as "high risk," indicating a power that was too low. Based on this, different operating options to reduce the variability are discussed. One possible option, which may provide a more realistic application of equivalence to avoid false high risk, is to consider the lower confidence interval of the control as a baseline and use GLMMs. With this option, we demonstrate a relatively acceptable probability to prove that no high risk for initially similar groups can be achieved. Further studies with different numbers of colonies are still needed to develop and validate the suggested approach. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;00:1-8. © 2024 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anja Russ
- tier3 solutions GmbH, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Abdulrahim Alkassab
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Institute for Bee Protection, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jens Pistorius
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Institute for Bee Protection, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Elena A Prados
- Unidad de Productos Fitosanitarios, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA, CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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10
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Meldrum JR, Larson DL, Hoelzle TB, Hinck JE. Considering pollinators' ecosystem services in the remediation and restoration of contaminated lands: Overview of research and its gaps. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2024; 20:322-336. [PMID: 37431069 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The concept of ecosystem services provides a useful framework for understanding how people are affected by changes to the natural environment, such as when a contaminant is introduced (e.g., oil spills, hazardous substance releases) or, conversely, when contaminated lands are remediated and restored. Pollination is one example of an important ecosystem service; pollinators play a critical role in any functioning terrestrial ecosystem. Other studies have suggested that consideration of pollinators' ecosystem services could lead to better remediation and restoration outcomes. However, the associated relationships can be complex, and evaluation requires synthesis from numerous disciplines. In this article, we discuss the possibilities for considering pollinators and their ecosystem services when planning remediation and restoration of contaminated lands. To inform the discussion, we introduce a general conceptual model of how pollinators and the ecosystem services associated with them could be affected by contamination in the environment. We review the literature on the conceptual model components, including contaminant effects on pollinators and the direct and indirect ecosystem services provided by pollinators, and identify information gaps. Though increased public interest in pollinators likely reflects increasing recognition of their role in providing many important ecosystem services, our review indicates that many gaps in understanding-about relevant natural and social systems-currently impede the rigorous quantification and evaluation of pollinators' ecosystem services required for many applications, such as in the context of natural resource damage assessment. Notable gaps include information on non-honeybee pollinators and on ecosystem services beyond those benefitting the agricultural sector. We then discuss potential research priorities and implications for practitioners. Focused research attention on the areas highlighted in this review holds promise for increasing the possibilities for considering pollinators' ecosystem services in the remediation and restoration of contaminated lands. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:322-336. © 2023 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Meldrum
- US Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Diane L Larson
- US Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Timothy B Hoelzle
- U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of Restoration and Damage Assessment-Restoration Support Unit, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Jo Ellen Hinck
- US Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri, USA
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11
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Coutinho WBG, da Silva FC, Barrigossi JAF, de Sousa Almeida AC, Gonçalves de Jesus F. Silicon applications in rice plants alter the stylet probing behaviors of Glyphepomis spinosa (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2024; 24:23. [PMID: 38597909 PMCID: PMC11005758 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieae046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The stink bug Glyphepomis spinosa Campos & Grazia (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is a potential rice pest in Brazil. This study evaluates the interaction between silicon sources and 3 rice cultivars (BRS Esmeralda, Canela de Ferro, and IRGA 417) and examines how increasing silicon levels affect the stylet probing behavior of G. spinosa. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design with a 3 × 3 factorial scheme (silicon sources: calcium silicate, potassium silicate, a control, and 3 rice cultivars). Fertilizing rice plants with Si altered the probing behavior of the stink bug G. spinosa. The cultivar interaction by Si source was significant in a few variables. This was evidenced by longer periods without ingestion, prolonged time to the first stylet probe (initial probing), and less time spent in cellular maceration. This result supports the use of electropenetrography as a tool to evaluate resistance inducers in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Baida Garcia Coutinho
- Federal Goiano Institute—Campus Urutaí, Rodovia Geraldo Silva Nascimento, Km 2,5, Urutaí, 75790-000 Goiás, Brazil
| | - Franciele Cristina da Silva
- Federal Goiano Institute—Campus Urutaí, Rodovia Geraldo Silva Nascimento, Km 2,5, Urutaí, 75790-000 Goiás, Brazil
| | | | | | - Flávio Gonçalves de Jesus
- Federal Goiano Institute—Campus Urutaí, Rodovia Geraldo Silva Nascimento, Km 2,5, Urutaí, 75790-000 Goiás, Brazil
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12
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Pan SX, Yang ZK, Liu Y, Shi Z, Qin YG, Qu C, Li XS, Zhou ZX, Luo C, Yang XL. Rational design, synthesis and binding mechanisms of novel benzyl geranate derivatives as potential eco-friendly aphid repellents. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:1099-1106. [PMID: 37850826 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The push-pull strategy is considered as a promising eco-friendly method for pest management. Plant volatile organic compounds (PVOCs) act as semiochemicals constitute the key factor in implementing this strategy. Benzyl alcohol and geraniol, as functional PVOCs, were reported to regulate insect behavior, showing the potential application in pest control. Using geraniol as lead, a geraniol derivative 5i with fine repellent activity was discovered in our previous work. In order to explore novel, eco-friendly aphid control agents, a series of benzyl geranate derivatives was designed and synthesized using 5i as the lead and benzyl alcohol as the active fragment. RESULTS Benzyl alcohol was firstly evaluated to have repellent activity to Acyrthosiphon pisum. Based on this repellent fragment, a series of novel benzyl geranate derivatives was rationally designed and synthesized using a scaffold-hopping strategy. Among them, compound T9, with a binding affinity (Kd = 0.43 μm) and a substantial repellency of 64.7% against A. pisum, is the most promising compound. Molecule docking showed that hydrophobic and hydrogen-bonding interactions substantially influenced the binding affinity of compounds with ApisOBP9. Additionally, T9 exhibited low-toxicity to honeybees and ladybugs. CONCLUSION Using a simple scaffold-hopping strategy combined with active fragment benzyl alcohol, a new derivative T9, with high aphid-repellency and low-toxicity to nontarget organisms, can be considered as a novel potential eco-friendly aphid control agent for sustainable agriculture. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Xiang Pan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Kai Yang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Shi
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao-Guo Qin
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Environment-Friendly Control of Crop Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Qu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Sheng Li
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, Agricultural College, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zheng-Xin Zhou
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Luo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Ling Yang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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13
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Cappellari A, Malagnini V, Fontana P, Zanotelli L, Tonidandel L, Angeli G, Ioriatti C, Marini L. Impact of landscape composition on honey bee pollen contamination by pesticides: A multi-residue analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140829. [PMID: 38042427 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
The honey bee is the most common and important managed pollinator of crops. In recent years, honey bee colonies faced high mortality for multiple causes, including land-use change and the use of plant protection products (hereafter pesticides). This work aimed to explore how contamination by pesticides of pollen collected by honey bees was modulated by landscape composition and seasonality. We placed two honey bee colonies in 13 locations in Northern Italy in contrasting landscapes, from which we collected pollen samples monthly during the whole flowering season in 2019 and 2020. We searched for almost 400 compounds, including fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, and acaricides. We then calculated for each pollen sample the Pollen Hazard Quotient (PHQ), an index that provides a measure of multi-residue toxicity of contaminated pollen. Almost all pollen samples were contaminated by at least one compound. We detected 97 compounds, mainly fungicides, but insecticides and acaricides showed the highest toxicity. Fifteen % of the pollen samples had medium-high or high levels of PHQ, which could pose serious threats to honey bees. Fungicides showed a nearly constant PHQ throughout the season, while herbicides and insecticides and acaricides showed higher PHQ values in spring and early summer. Also, PHQ increased with increasing cover of agricultural and urban areas from April to July, while it was low and independent of landscape composition at the end of the season. The cover of perennial crops, i.e., fruit trees and vineyards, but not of annual crops, increased PHQ of pollen samples. Our work highlighted that the potential toxicity of pollen collected by honey bees was modulated by complex interactions among pesticide category, seasonality, and landscape composition. Due to the large number of compounds detected, our study should be complemented with additional experimental research on the potential interactive effects of multiple compounds on honey bee health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andree Cappellari
- University of Padova, Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, Viale Dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - Valeria Malagnini
- Edmund Mach Foundation, Technology Transfer Centre, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010, San Michele All'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Paolo Fontana
- Edmund Mach Foundation, Technology Transfer Centre, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010, San Michele All'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Livia Zanotelli
- Edmund Mach Foundation, Technology Transfer Centre, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010, San Michele All'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Loris Tonidandel
- Edmund Mach Foundation, Technology Transfer Centre, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010, San Michele All'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Gino Angeli
- Edmund Mach Foundation, Technology Transfer Centre, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010, San Michele All'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Claudio Ioriatti
- Edmund Mach Foundation, Research and Innovation Centre, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010, San Michele All'Adige, TN, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Marini
- University of Padova, Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, Viale Dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
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14
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Raine NE, Rundlöf M. Pesticide Exposure and Effects on Non- Apis Bees. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 69:551-576. [PMID: 37827173 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-040323-020625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Bees are essential pollinators of many crops and wild plants, and pesticide exposure is one of the key environmental stressors affecting their health in anthropogenically modified landscapes. Until recently, almost all information on routes and impacts of pesticide exposure came from honey bees, at least partially because they were the only model species required for environmental risk assessments (ERAs) for insect pollinators. Recently, there has been a surge in research activity focusing on pesticide exposure and effects for non-Apis bees, including other social bees (bumble bees and stingless bees) and solitary bees. These taxa vary substantially from honey bees and one another in several important ecological traits, including spatial and temporal activity patterns, foraging and nesting requirements, and degree of sociality. In this article, we review the current evidence base about pesticide exposure pathways and the consequences of exposure for non-Apis bees. We find that the insights into non-Apis bee pesticide exposure and resulting impacts across biological organizations, landscapes, mixtures, and multiple stressors are still in their infancy. The good news is that there are many promising approaches that could be used to advance our understanding, with priority given to informing exposure pathways, extrapolating effects, and determining how well our current insights (limited to very few species and mostly neonicotinoid insecticides under unrealistic conditions) can be generalized to the diversity of species and lifestyles in the global bee community. We conclude that future research to expand our knowledge would also be beneficial for ERAs and wider policy decisions concerning pollinator conservation and pesticide regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel E Raine
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada;
| | - Maj Rundlöf
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden;
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15
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Bullock JM, Jarvis SG, Fincham WNW, Risser H, Schultz C, Spurgeon DJ, Redhead JW, Storkey J, Pywell RF. Mapping the ratio of agricultural inputs to yields reveals areas with potentially less sustainable farming. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 909:168491. [PMID: 37952662 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Fertilisers and pesticides are major sources of the environmental harm that results from farming, yet it remains difficult to target reductions in their impacts without compromising food production. We suggest that calculating the ratio of agrochemical inputs to yield can provide an indication of the potential sustainability of farmland, with those areas that have high input relative to yield being considered as less sustainable. Here we design an approach to characterise such Input to Yield Ratios (IYR) for four inputs that can be plausibly linked to environmental impacts: the cumulative risk resulting from pesticide exposure for honeybees and for earthworms, and the amount of nitrogen or phosphorus fertiliser applied per unit area. We capitalise on novel national-scale data to assess IYR for wheat farming across all of England. High-resolution spatial patterns of IYR differed among the four inputs, but hotspots, where all four IYRs were high, were in key agricultural regions not usually characterised as having low suitability for cropping. By scaling the magnitude of each input against crop yield, the IYR does not penalise areas of high yield with higher inputs (important for food production), or areas with low yields but which are achieved with low inputs (important as low impact areas). Instead, the IYR provides a globally applicable framework for evaluating the broad patterns of trade-offs between production and environmental risk, as an indicator of the potential for harm, over large scales. Its use can thus inform targeting to improve agricultural sustainability, or where one might switch to other land uses such as ecosystem restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan G Jarvis
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bailrigg, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - Hannah Risser
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Bailrigg, Lancaster, UK
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16
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Lonsdorf EV, Rundlöf M, Nicholson CC, Williams NM. A spatially explicit model of landscape pesticide exposure to bees: Development, exploration, and evaluation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168146. [PMID: 37914120 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides represent one of the greatest threats to bees and other beneficial insects in agricultural landscapes. Potential exposure is generated through compound- and crop-specific patterns of pesticide use over space and time and unique degradation behavior among compounds. Realized exposure develops through bees foraging from their nests across the spatiotemporal mosaic of floral resources and associated pesticides throughout the landscape. Despite the recognized importance of a landscape-wide approach to assessing exposure, we lack a sufficiently-evaluated predictive framework to inform mitigation decisions and environmental risk assessment for bees. We address this gap by developing a bee pesticide exposure model that incorporates spatiotemporal pesticide use patterns, estimated rates of pesticide degradation, floral resource dynamics across habitats, and bee foraging movements. We parameterized the model with pesticide use data from a public database containing crop-field- and date-specific records of uses throughout our study region over an entire year. We evaluate the model performance in predicting bee pesticide exposure using a dataset of pesticide residues in pollens gathered by bumble bees (Bombus vosnesenskii) returning to colonies across 14 spatially independent landscapes in Northern California. We applied alternative model formulations of pesticide accumulation and degradation, floral resource seasonality, and bee foraging behavior to evaluate different levels of detail for predicting observed pesticide exposure. Our best model explained 73 % of observed variation in pesticide exposure of bumble bee colonies, with generally positive correlations for the dominant compounds. Timing and location of pesticide use were integral, but more detailed parameterizations of pesticide degradation, floral resources, and bee foraging improved the predictions little if at all. Our results suggest that this approach to predict bees' pesticide exposure has value in extending from the local field scale to the landscape in environmental risk assessment and for exploring mitigation options to support bees in agricultural landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric V Lonsdorf
- Department of Environmental Sciences, 400 Dowman Drive, 5th floor, Math & Science Center, Emory University, Atlanta 30322, GA, United States of America.
| | - Maj Rundlöf
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, United States of America; Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Charlie C Nicholson
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, United States of America; Department of Biology, Lund University, Ecology Building, Sölvegatan 37, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - Neal M Williams
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, United States of America
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17
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Shi W, Zhang Q, Sheng Y, Dong Z, Feng T, Zhang J, Yu L, Xu Z, Pang L, Chen J, Chen X, Huang J. Neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid induces chemosensory deficits in a nontarget parasitoid wasp. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:168089. [PMID: 37879478 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Chemical pesticides are widely used to manage the population of arthropod pests. Their increasing use in agriculture has raised concerns about their harmful effects on nontarget organisms, particularly some beneficial insects such as parasitoid wasps. To assess the potential risk and ecological safety of chemical pesticides, it is necessary to understand their impacts on the physiology and behaviour of those important natural enemies of arthropod pests. Here, we applied the Drosophila parasitoid Leptopilina drosophilae as a study model to investigate the effects of sublethal doses of imidacloprid, a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide. Our results demonstrated the detrimental effects of imidacloprid on the host-searching behaviour of L. drosophilae females and the courtship behaviour of L. drosophilae males. Comparative transcriptome and functional analysis provided further insights into the potential mechanisms underlying the impaired behaviours, with the downregulated expression of certain chemoreception genes in both female and male exposed wasps. Our findings thus emphasize the importance of understanding the risks associated with the use of chemical pesticides and the need to develop more eco-friendly pest management strategies for a sustainable balance between chemical and biological control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Shi
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qichao Zhang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Sheng
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Dong
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Feng
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junwei Zhang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Longtao Yu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zixuan Xu
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lan Pang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiani Chen
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuexin Chen
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Guangdong Lab for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China; State Key Lab of Rice Biology and Breeding, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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18
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Chen X, Li A, Yin L, Ke L, Dai P, Liu YJ. Early-Life Sublethal Thiacloprid Exposure to Honey Bee Larvae: Enduring Effects on Adult Bee Cognitive Abilities. TOXICS 2023; 12:18. [PMID: 38250974 PMCID: PMC10820931 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Honey bees have significant ecological and economic value as important pollinators, but they are continuously exposed to various environmental stressors, including insecticides, which can impair their health and cause colony decline. (1) Background: Cognitive abilities are vital for the functional maintenance of honey bees; however, it remains unknown if chronic, low-dose exposure to thiacloprid during the larval stage impairs the cognitive abilities of emerged adult honey bees. (2) Methods: To explore this question, honey bee larvae were fed 0, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/L thiacloprid during their developmental phase. Then, the cognitive (i.e., olfactory learning and memory) abilities of adult honey bees were quantified to assess the delayed impacts of early-stage thiacloprid exposure on adult honey bee cognition. Neural apoptosis and transcriptomic level were also evaluated to explore the neurological mechanisms underlying these effects. (3) Results: Our results revealed that chronic larval exposure to sublethal thiacloprid impaired the learning and memory abilities of adult honey bees by inducing neuronal apoptosis and transcriptomic alterations. (4) Conclusions: We highlighted a previously unknown impairment caused by thiacloprid in honey bees.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yong-Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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19
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Poyntz-Wright IP, Harrison XA, Johnson A, Zappala S, Tyler CR. Pesticide pollution associations with riverine invertebrate communities in England. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:166519. [PMID: 37640080 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Globally freshwater biodiversity has experienced major decline and chemical pollutants are believed to have played a significant role in this decline, but this has not been well quantified for most riverine invertebrate populations. Here we applied a biogeographically independent trait-based bioindicator, SPEARpesticides across sites across five regions (Northern, Midlands and Western, Anglian, Southeast, and Southwest) in England to investigate for associations specifically between pesticide use/pollution and riverine invertebrate communities over a 55-year period (1965-2019). Both spatially and temporally post-1990, the Anglian and Thames regions consistently showed the lowest SPEARpesticides scores, illustrating the presence of fewer pesticide sensitive species. The Anglian region had the highest pesticide use compared to all other regions from 1990 to 2018 and there were negative relationships between the level of pesticide/insecticide use and the regional SPEARpesticides score. Biochemical Oxygen Demand and ammonia, as measures of general water quality, were also negatively correlated with the SPEARpesticides scores across the regions, but these factors were not the driver for the lower SPEARpesticides scores seen in the Anglian region. Based on SPEARpesticides scores, riverine invertebrate communities in England have been most impacted in the Anglian region and we evidence chronic insecticide exposure is likely a significant factor in shaping the status of those invertebrate communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imogen P Poyntz-Wright
- Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK.
| | - Xavier A Harrison
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Andrew Johnson
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, MacLean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Susan Zappala
- JNCC, Quay House, 2 East Station Road, Fletton Quays, Peterborough PE2 8YY, UK
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Biosciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK.
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20
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Hou J, Chen L, Han B, Li Y, Yu L, Wang L, Tao S, Liu W. Distribution characteristics and risk assessment of neonicotinoid insecticides in planting soils of mainland China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:166000. [PMID: 37541504 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides (NEOs) are generally used in crop production. Their widespread use on agricultural soil has raised concerns regarding their health and ecological risks. Previous studies have reported the contamination of the farmland soils with NEOs from the coastal provinces of China. Information about NEOs at the national scale as well as the residues of their metabolites are relatively unknown. In this study, 391 soil samples were collected from 31 provinces in nine agricultural regions across mainland China, and the concentrations of ten parent NEOs and three metabolites were determined. At least one NEO was detected in all soil samples, with the sum of the NEOs (ΣNEOs) ranging from 0.04 to 702 μg/kg. The most common parent NEO and metabolite are imidacloprid and imidacloprid-urea, respectively. The concentrations of NEOs in coastal regions at the same latitude were higher than those in inland regions. The NEOs were further compared in the soils of seven types of monocrops and three types of multiple crops (multicrops) (i.e., two types of crops were produced in succession or simultaneously within the decade of this study). The results showed that the highest NEO residues were found in soils planted with vegetables (VE), fruits (FR), and cotton (CO) monocrops and VE & FR multicrops. Differences in NEO concentrations were observed between soils planted with monocrops and multicrops. For example, VE & FR > VE > vegetables and grains (VE & GR) > GR. Moreover, the health risks posed by NEOs in agricultural soils in China are extremely low, and the ecological risks require urgent attention. Particularly, individual NEOs in > 45% of agricultural soils in mainland China may have sublethal effects on two non-target species (HQnon-target > 0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hou
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Liyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bingjun Han
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yujun Li
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lixi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shu Tao
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wenxin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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21
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Chen L, Wang Y, Zhang K, Wu S. Functional diversity of sodium channel variants in common eastern bumblebee, Bombus impatiens. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 114:e22052. [PMID: 37672296 DOI: 10.1002/arch.22052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
For the past decade, Colony Collapse Disorder has been reported worldwide. Insecticides containing pyrethroids may be responsible for a decline in bees, which are more sensitive to pyrethroids compared with other insects. Voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav ) are the major target sites of pyrethroids, and the sodium channel diversity is generated through extensive alternative splicing and RNA editing. In this study, we cloned and analyzed the function of variants of the Nav channel, BiNav , from Bombus impatiens. BiNav covers a 46 kb genome region including 30 exons. Sequence analysis of 56 clones showed that the clones can be grouped into 22 splice types with 11 optional exons (exons j, w, p, q, r, b, e, t, l/k, and z). Here, a special alternative exon w is identified, encoding a stretch of 31 amino acid resides in domain I between S3 and S4. RNA editing generates 18 amino acid changes in different positions in individual variants. Among 56 variants examined, only six variants generated sufficient sodium currents for functional characterization in Xenopus oocytes. In the presence of B. impatiens TipE and TEH1, the sodium current amplitude of BiNav 1-1 increased by fourfold, while TipE of other insect species had no effect on the expression. Abundant alternative splicing and RNA editing of BiNav suggests the molecular and functional pharmacology diversity of the Nav channel for bumblebees. This study provides a theoretical basis for the design of insecticides that specifically target pests without affecting beneficial insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longwei Chen
- College of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou, China
| | - Yuquan Wang
- College of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- College of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou, China
| | - Shaoying Wu
- College of Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Sanya, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Danzhou, China
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22
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Mamy L, Pesce S, Sanchez W, Aviron S, Bedos C, Berny P, Bertrand C, Betoulle S, Charles S, Chaumot A, Coeurdassier M, Coutellec MA, Crouzet O, Faburé J, Fritsch C, Gonzalez P, Hedde M, Leboulanger C, Margoum C, Mougin C, Munaron D, Nélieu S, Pelosi C, Rault M, Sucré E, Thomas M, Tournebize J, Leenhardt S. Impacts of neonicotinoids on biodiversity: a critical review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-31032-3. [PMID: 38036909 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids are the most widely used class of insecticides in the world, but they have raised numerous concerns regarding their effects on biodiversity. Thus, the objective of this work was to do a critical review of the contamination of the environment (soil, water, air, biota) by neonicotinoids (acetamiprid, clothianidin, imidacloprid, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam) and of their impacts on terrestrial and aquatic biodiversity. Neonicotinoids are very frequently detected in soils and in freshwater, and they are also found in the air. They have only been recently monitored in coastal and marine environments, but some studies already reported the presence of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam in transitional or semi-enclosed ecosystems (lagoons, bays, and estuaries). The contamination of the environment leads to the exposure and to the contamination of non-target organisms and to negative effects on biodiversity. Direct impacts of neonicotinoids are mainly reported on terrestrial invertebrates (e.g., pollinators, natural enemies, earthworms) and vertebrates (e.g., birds) and on aquatic invertebrates (e.g., arthropods). Impacts on aquatic vertebrate populations and communities, as well as on microorganisms, are less documented. In addition to their toxicity to directly exposed organisms, neonicotinoid induce indirect effects via trophic cascades as demonstrated in several species (terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates). However, more data are needed to reach firmer conclusions and to get a clearer picture of such indirect effects. Finally, we identified specific knowledge gaps that need to be filled to better understand the effects of neonicotinoids on terrestrial, freshwater, and marine organisms, as well as on ecosystem services associated with these biotas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Mamy
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France.
| | | | | | | | - Carole Bedos
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Philippe Berny
- UR ICE Vetagro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire, 69280, Marcy‑L'Etoile, France
| | - Colette Bertrand
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Stéphane Betoulle
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Normandie Université, ULH, INERIS, SEBIO, 51100, Reims, France
| | | | | | - Michael Coeurdassier
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS-Université de Franche-Comté, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Marie-Agnès Coutellec
- DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), INRAE, L'Institut Agro, Ifremer, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Crouzet
- OFB, Direction de la Recherche et Appui Scientifique (DRAS), 78610, Auffargis, France
| | - Juliette Faburé
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Clémentine Fritsch
- Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement, UMR 6249 CNRS-Université de Franche-Comté, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Patrice Gonzalez
- CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, Univ. Bordeaux, 33600, Pessac, France
| | - Mickael Hedde
- Eco&Sols, Univ. Montpellier, INRAE, IRD, CIRAD, Institut Agro Montpellier, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Christian Mougin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | | | - Sylvie Nélieu
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR ECOSYS, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | - Céline Pelosi
- INRAE, Avignon Université, UMR EMMAH, 84000, Avignon, France
| | - Magali Rault
- Université d'Avignon, Université Aix-Marseille, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Pôle Agrosciences, 84916, Avignon, France
| | - Elliott Sucré
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, IRD, 34200, Sète, France
- Centre Universitaire de Formation Et de Recherche de Mayotte (CUFR), 97660, Dembeni, Mayotte, France
| | - Marielle Thomas
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UR AFPA, 54000, Nancy, France
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23
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Dinh KV, Albini D, Orr JA, Macaulay SJ, Rillig MC, Borgå K, Jackson MC. Winter is coming: Interactions of multiple stressors in winter and implications for the natural world. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:6834-6845. [PMID: 37776127 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Winter is a key driver of ecological processes in freshwater, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, particularly in higher latitudes. Species have evolved various adaptive strategies to cope with food limitations and the cold and dark wintertime. However, human-induced climate change and other anthropogenic stressors are impacting organisms in winter in unpredictable ways. In this paper, we show that global change experiments investigating multiple stressors have predominantly been conducted during summer months. However, effects of anthropogenic stressors sometimes differ between winter and other seasons, necessitating comprehensive investigations. Here, we outline a framework for understanding the different effects of anthropogenic stressors in winter compared to other seasons and discuss the primary mechanisms that will alter ecological responses of organisms (microbes, animals and plants). For instance, while the magnitude of some anthropogenic stressors can be greater in winter than in other seasons (e.g. some pollutants), others may alleviate natural winter stress (e.g. warmer temperatures). These changes can have immediate, delayed or carry-over effects on organisms during winter or later seasons. Interactions between stressors may also vary with season. We call for a renewed research direction focusing on multiple stressor effects on winter ecology and evolution to fully understand, and predict, how ecosystems will fare under changing winters. We also argue the importance of incorporating the interactions of anthropogenic stressors with winter into ecological risk assessments, management and conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khuong V Dinh
- Section for Aquatic Biology and Toxicology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dania Albini
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James A Orr
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Matthias C Rillig
- Plant Ecology, Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg-Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Katrine Borgå
- Section for Aquatic Biology and Toxicology, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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24
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Klatt BK, Wurz A, Herbertsson L, Rundlöf M, Svensson GP, Kuhn J, Vessling S, de La Vega B, Tscharntke T, Clough Y, Smith HG. Seed treatment with clothianidin induces changes in plant metabolism and alters pollinator foraging preferences. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:1247-1256. [PMID: 38062283 PMCID: PMC10724316 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02720-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids, systemic insecticides that are distributed into all plant tissues and protect against pests, have become a common part of crop production, but can unintentionally also affect non-target organisms, including pollinators. Such effects can be direct effects from insecticide exposure, but neonicotinoids can affect plant physiology, and effects could therefore also be indirectly mediated by changes in plant phenology, attractiveness and nutritional value. Under controlled greenhouse conditions, we tested if seed treatment with the neonicotinoid clothianidin affected oilseed rape's production of flower resources for bees and the content of the secondary plant products glucosinolates that provide defense against herbivores. Additionally, we tested if seed treatment affected the attractiveness of oilseed rape to flower visiting bumblebees, using outdoor mesocosms. Flowers and leaves of clothianidin-treated plants had different profiles of glucosinolates compared with untreated plants. Bumblebees in mesocosms foraged slightly more on untreated plants. Neither flower timing, flower size nor the production of pollen and nectar differed between treatments, and therefore cannot explain any preference for untreated oilseed rape. We instead propose that this small but significant preference for untreated plants was related to the altered glucosinolate profile caused by clothianidin. Thereby, this study contributes to the understanding of the complex relationships between neonicotinoid-treated crops and pollinator foraging choices, by suggesting a potential mechanistic link by which insecticide treatment can affect insect behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn K Klatt
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, 223 62, Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62, Lund, Sweden.
- School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability, Biology & Environmental Sciences, Halmstad University, 30118, Halmstad, Sweden.
| | - Annemarie Wurz
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Crop Sciences, Agroecology, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Conservation Ecology, Department of Biology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lina Herbertsson
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maj Rundlöf
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Jürgen Kuhn
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sofie Vessling
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bernardo de La Vega
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Department of Crop Sciences, Agroecology, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yann Clough
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrik G Smith
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Science, Lund University, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Biology, Lund University, 223 62, Lund, Sweden
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25
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Zhao H, Gui W, Tan X, Chen Y, Ning Y, Wang X. Exploratory analysis of the associations between neonicotinoids insecticides and serum lipid profiles among US adults: A cross-sectional, population-based study. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 268:115724. [PMID: 37992647 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides (NNIs) are widely used in agriculture, horticulture, forestry, and household environment, but their potential impact on human health remains a subject of concern. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between NNIs and their metabolites in urine with serum lipid profiles in adults using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015-2016. The study included 1192 participants aged over 20 years with urinary NNIs levels, serum lipid parameter levels and potential confounders. Urinary concentrations of NNIs, including imidacloprid, acetamiprid, clothianidin, thiacloprid, N-desmethyl-acetamiprid, and 5-hydroxy-imidacloprid, were quantified. Serum lipids profiles, such as total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and apolipoprotein B (Apo-B), were assessed. Considering the effects of lipid-lowering medications, the censored normal regression model was used to explore the associations between urinary NNIs and TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and Apo-B levels. The results revealed a significant increase of 9.0 mg/dL (95%CI: 2.0, 16.1) in TC levels among participants with detectable N-desmethyl-acetamiprid compared to those with undetectable levels. Stratified analysis indicated that the association between N-desmethyl-acetamiprid and HDL-C levels was more pronounced among participants aged ≥ 46 years compared to those aged between 20 and 45 years with undetectable N-desmethyl-acetamiprid (pinteraction=0.044). Additionally, there were marginal effect modification of BMI on the association between N-desmethyl-acetamiprid and LDL-C (pinteraction=0.097) and Apo-B (pinteraction=0.052) levels. Specifically, participants with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m² and detectable N-desmethyl-acetamiprid tended to have higher LDL-C and Apo-B levels compared to those with BMI < 25 kg/m² and undetectable N-desmethyl-acetamiprid. However, no significant associations were observed between other NNIs and lipid profiles in the present study. To validate these findings, further longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes should be conducted, particularly within populations characterized by a high detection rate of NNIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhao
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, School of Basic Medicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China.
| | - Wei Gui
- Department of Pediatric, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Xin Tan
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, School of Basic Medicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, School of Basic Medicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Yao Ning
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, School of Basic Medicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, School of Basic Medicine, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, China.
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26
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Yazdani M. Tear film lipid layer and corneal oxygenation: a new function? Eye (Lond) 2023; 37:3534-3541. [PMID: 37138094 PMCID: PMC10686381 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The classic model of tear film is composed of mucin layer, aqueous layer and the outermost tear film lipid layer (TFLL). The complex mixture of different classes of lipids, mainly secreted by meibomian glands, gives the TFLL unique physicochemical properties. Based on these properties, several functions of TFLL have been found and/or proposed such as the resistance to evaporation and facilitating the formation of a thin film. However, the role of TFLL in the oxygenation of the cornea, a transparent avascular tissue, has never been discussed in the literature. The continuous metabolic activity of the corneal surface and the replenishment of atmospheric gas creates an O2 gradient in the tear film. The molecules of O2 must therefore be transferred from the gas phase to the liquid phase through the TFLL. This process is a function of the diffusion and solubility of the lipid layer as well as interface transfer, which is influenced by alterations in the physical state and lipid composition. In the absence of research on TFLL, the present paper aims to bring the topic into the spotlight for the first time based on existing knowledge on O2 permeability of the lipid membranes and evaporation resistance of the lipid layers. The oxidative stress generated in perturbed lipid layers and the consequent adverse effects are also covered. The function of the TFLL proposed here intends to encourage future research in both basic and clinical sciences, e.g., opening new avenues for the diagnosis and treatment of ocular surface conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazyar Yazdani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0027, Oslo, Norway.
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27
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Fisher A, Tadei R, Berenbaum M, Nieh J, Siviter H, Crall J, Glass JR, Muth F, Liao LH, Traynor K, DesJardins N, Nocelli R, Simon-Delso N, Harrison JF. Breaking the cycle: Reforming pesticide regulation to protect pollinators. Bioscience 2023; 73:808-813. [PMID: 38125825 PMCID: PMC10728777 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biad088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Over decades, pesticide regulations have cycled between approval and implementation, followed by the discovery of negative effects on nontarget organisms that result in new regulations, pesticides, and harmful effects. This relentless pattern undermines the capacity to protect the environment from pesticide hazards and frustrates end users that need pest management tools. Wild pollinating insects are in decline, and managed pollinators such as honey bees are experiencing excessive losses, which threatens sustainable food security and ecosystem function. An increasing number of studies demonstrate the negative effects of field-realistic exposure to pesticides on pollinator health and fitness, which contribute to pollinator declines. Current pesticide approval processes, although they are superior to past practices, clearly continue to fail to protect pollinator health. In the present article, we provide a conceptual framework to reform cyclical pesticide approval processes and better protect pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Fisher
- School of Life Sciences at Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States
| | | | - May Berenbaum
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - James Nieh
- University of California, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Harry Siviter
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
- University of Bristol, Bristol, England, United Kingdom
| | - James Crall
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Widsconsin, United States
| | - Jordan R Glass
- School of Life Sciences at Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States
| | - Felicity Muth
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - Ling-Hsiu Liao
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | | | - Nicole DesJardins
- School of Life Sciences at Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States
| | | | - Noa Simon-Delso
- BeeLife European Beekeeping Coordination, Louvain la Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jon F Harrison
- School of Life Sciences at Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States
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28
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Dirilgen T, Herbertsson L, O'Reilly AD, Mahon N, Stanley DA. Moving past neonicotinoids and honeybees: A systematic review of existing research on other insecticides and bees. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 235:116612. [PMID: 37454798 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic pesticides (e.g. herbicides, fungicides and insecticides) are used widely in agriculture to protect crops from pests, weeds and disease. However, their use also comes with a range of environmental concerns. One key concern is the effect of insecticides on non-target organisms such as bees, who provide pollination services for crops and wild plants. This systematic literature review quantifies the existing research on bees and insecticides broadly, and then focuses more specifically on non-neonicotinoid insecticides and non-honeybees. We find that articles on honeybees (Apis sp.) and insecticides account for 80% of all research, with all other bees combined making up 20%. Neonicotinoids were studied in 34% of articles across all bees and were the most widely studied insecticide class for non-honeybees overall, with almost three times as many studies than the second most studied class. Of non-neonicotinoid insecticide classes and non-honeybees, the most studied were pyrethroids and organophosphates followed by carbamates, and the most widely represented bee taxa were bumblebees (Bombus), followed by leaf-cutter bees (Megachile) and mason bees (Osmia). Research has taken place across several countries, with the highest numbers of articles from Brazil and the US, and with notable gaps from countries in Asia, Africa and Oceania. Mortality was the most studied effect type, while sub-lethal effects such as on behaviour were less studied. Few studies tested how the effect of insecticides were influenced by multiple pressures, such as climate change and co-occurring pesticides (cocktail effects). As anthropogenic pressures do not occur in isolation, we suggest that future research also addresses these knowledge gaps. Given the changing global patterns in insecticide use, and the increasing inclusion of both non-honeybees and sub-lethal effects in pesticide risk assessment, there is a need for expanding research beyond its current state to ensure a strong scientific evidence base for the development of risk assessment and associated policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dirilgen
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - L Herbertsson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - A D O'Reilly
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - N Mahon
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D A Stanley
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland; Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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29
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Wei J, Wang X, Tu C, Long T, Bu Y, Wang H, Jeyakumar P, Jiang J, Deng S. Remediation technologies for neonicotinoids in contaminated environments: Current state and future prospects. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:108044. [PMID: 37364306 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoids (NEOs) are synthetic insecticides with broad-spectrum insecticidal activity and outstanding efficacy. However, their extensive use and persistence in the environment have resulted in the accumulation and biomagnification of NEOs, posing significant risks to non-target organisms and humans. This review provides a summary of research history, advancements, and highlighted topics in NEOs remediation technologies and mechanisms. Various remediation approaches have been developed, including physiochemical, microbial, and phytoremediation, with microbial and physicochemical remediation being the most extensively studied. Recent advances in physiochemical remediation have led to the development of innovative adsorbents, photocatalysts, and optimized treatment processes. High-efficiency degrading strains with well-characterized metabolic pathways have been successfully isolated and cultured for microbial remediation, while many plant species have shown great potential for phytoremediation. However, significant challenges and gaps remain in this field. Future research should prioritize isolating, domesticating or engineering high efficiency, broad-spectrum microbial strains for NEO degradation, as well as developing synergistic remediation techniques to enhance removal efficiency on multiple NEOs with varying concentrations in different environmental media. Furthermore, a shift from pipe-end treatment to pollution prevention strategies is needed, including the development of green and economically efficient alternatives such as biological insecticides. Integrated remediation technologies and case-specific strategies that can be applied to practical remediation projects need to be developed, along with clarifying NEO degradation mechanisms to improve remediation efficiency. The successful implementation of these strategies will help reduce the negative impact of NEOs on the environment and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wei
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Land Resource, Guangdong Technology and Equipment Research Center for Soil and Water Pollution Control, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing 526061, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China; School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Tu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Tao Long
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanqing Bu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, Guangdong, China
| | - Paramsothy Jeyakumar
- Environmental Sciences Group, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Jinlin Jiang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaopo Deng
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Management and Pollution Control, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, China.
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Pecenka JR, Ingwell LL, Krupke CH, Kaplan I. Implementing IPM in crop management simultaneously improves the health of managed bees and enhances the diversity of wild pollinator communities. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11033. [PMID: 37420024 PMCID: PMC10328965 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38053-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Impacts of insecticide use on the health of wild and managed pollinators have been difficult to accurately quantify in the field. Existing designs tend to focus on single crops, even though highly mobile bees routinely forage across crop boundaries. We created fields of pollinator-dependent watermelon surrounded by corn, regionally important crops in the Midwestern US. These fields were paired at multiple sites in 2017-2020 with the only difference being pest management regimes: a standard set of conventional management (CM) practices vs. an integrated pest management (IPM) system that uses scouting and pest thresholds to determine if/when insecticides are used. Between these two systems we compared the performance (e.g., growth, survival) of managed pollinators-honey bees (Apis mellifera), bumble bees (Bombus impatiens)-along with the abundance and diversity of wild pollinators. Compared to CM fields, IPM led to higher growth and lower mortality of managed bees, while also increasing the abundance (+ 147%) and richness (+ 128%) of wild pollinator species, and lower concentrations of neonicotinoids in the hive material of both managed bees. By replicating realistic changes to pest management, this experiment provides one of the first demonstrations whereby tangible improvements to pollinator health and crop visitation result from IPM implementation in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob R Pecenka
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, 901 W. State St., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Laura L Ingwell
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, 901 W. State St., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Christian H Krupke
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, 901 W. State St., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Ian Kaplan
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, 901 W. State St., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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Pan D, Lin M, Mu C, Yu C, Ye B, Liang J, Sheng Y, Huang D, Liu S, Zeng X, Jennifer Tan HJ, Chongsuvivatwong V, Qiu X. Maternal exposure to neonicotinoid insecticides and fetal growth restriction: A nested case-control study in the guangxi Zhuang birth cohort. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139217. [PMID: 37336441 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a major determinant of perinatal morbidity and mortality, with adverse long-term neurocognitive effects in childhood and adulthood. Prenatal exposure to environmental pollutants has been reported to be associated with FGR. Neonicotinoids (NEOs) are extensively used insecticides worldwide and are suggested to have embryonic and developmental neurotoxicity. However, the effects of NEOs exposure on FGR is unknown. OBJECTIVES We aimed to quantify the single and combined associations of maternal exposure to NEOs and FGR. METHODS We conducted a nested case-control study based on the Guangxi Zhuang Birth Cohort, China. A total of 387 with FGR cases and 1096 without- FGR controls were included between 2015 and 2018. Ten NEOs were measured by UPLC-MS from the maternal blood samples were pre-collected in the first trimester. After adjusting for potential confounders, multivariable logistic regressions, weighted quantile sum regression and quantile g-computation were performed for individual and NEOs mixtures. RESULTS In the individual exposure models, each 1-standard deviation increment of the natural-log in dinotefuran and acetamiprid concentrations were significantly associated with odds ratios of 1.93 (95% CI: 1.69, 2.20) and 1.31 (95% CI: 1.07, 1.59) higher odds of FGR, respectively. However, the FGR risk was negatively associated with thiacloprid, sulfoxaflor, and nitenpyram (OR = 0.23, 95%CI: 0.15, 0.34; OR = 0.48, 95%CI: 0.41, 0.56; OR = 0.86, 95%CI: 0.80, 0.93; respectively). Similar findings were found in the combined exposure analysis. Dinotefuran was the most strongly attributable to increase FGR, while sulfoxaflor and thiacloprid contributed the highest negative weighted on FGR. Furthermore, each quintile increase in all ten NEOs exposures was associated with FGR (OR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.54). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that maternal single and combined exposures to NEOs were associated with varying FGR risks. They contribute to the mounting evidence on serum NEOs exposure impact on FGR. However, a replication of these associations in other populations is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiang Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Mengrui Lin
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Changhui Mu
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Chuanxiang Yu
- Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bowen Ye
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Yonghong Sheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Dongping Huang
- Department of Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Shun Liu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health & Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaoyun Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Hui Juan Jennifer Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Virasakdi Chongsuvivatwong
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.
| | - Xiaoqiang Qiu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Mancini F, Cooke R, Woodcock BA, Greenop A, Johnson AC, Isaac NJB. Invertebrate biodiversity continues to decline in cropland. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20230897. [PMID: 37282535 PMCID: PMC10244961 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.0897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern agriculture has drastically changed global landscapes and introduced pressures on wildlife populations. Policy and management of agricultural systems has changed over the last 30 years, a period characterized not only by intensive agricultural practices but also by an increasing push towards sustainability. It is crucial that we understand the long-term consequences of agriculture on beneficial invertebrates and assess if policy and management approaches recently introduced are supporting their recovery. In this study, we use large citizen science datasets to derive trends in invertebrate occupancy in Great Britain between 1990 and 2019. We compare these trends between regions of no- (0%), low- (greater than 0-50%) and high-cropland (greater than 50%) cover, which includes arable and horticultural crops. Although we detect general declines, invertebrate groups are declining most strongly in high-cropland cover regions. This suggests that even in the light of improved policy and management over the last 30 years, the way we are managing cropland is failing to conserve and restore invertebrate communities. New policy-based drivers and incentives are required to support the resilience and sustainability of agricultural ecosystems. Post-Brexit changes in UK agricultural policy and reforms under the Environment Act offer opportunities to improve agricultural landscapes for the benefit of biodiversity and society.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rob Cooke
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Ben A. Woodcock
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Arran Greenop
- UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, OX10 8BB, UK
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Kenna D, Graystock P, Gill RJ. Toxic temperatures: Bee behaviours exhibit divergent pesticide toxicity relationships with warming. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:2981-2998. [PMID: 36944569 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and agricultural intensification are exposing insect pollinators to temperature extremes and increasing pesticide usage. Yet, we lack good quantification of how temperature modulates the sublethal effects of pesticides on behaviours vital for fitness and pollination performance. Consequently, we are uncertain if warming decreases or increases the severity of different pesticide impacts, and whether separate behaviours vary in the direction of response. Quantifying these interactive effects is vital in forecasting pesticide risk across climate regions and informing pesticide application strategies and pollinator conservation. This multi-stressor study investigated the responses of six functional behaviours of bumblebees when exposed to either a neonicotinoid (imidacloprid) or a sulfoximine (sulfoxaflor) across a standardised low, mid, and high temperature. We found the neonicotinoid had a significant effect on five of the six behaviours, with a greater effect at the lower temperature(s) when measuring responsiveness, the likelihood of movement, walking rate, and food consumption rate. In contrast, the neonicotinoid had a greater impact on flight distance at the higher temperature. Our findings show that different organismal functions can exhibit divergent thermal responses, with some pesticide-affected behaviours showing greater impact as temperatures dropped, and others as temperatures rose. We must therefore account for environmental context when determining pesticide risk. Moreover, we found evidence of synergistic effects, with just a 3°C increase causing a sudden drop in flight performance, despite seeing no effect of pesticide at the two lower temperatures. Our findings highlight the importance of multi-stressor studies to quantify threats to insects, which will help to improve dynamic evaluations of population tipping points and spatiotemporal risks to biodiversity across different climate regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kenna
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Berkshire, UK
| | - Peter Graystock
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Berkshire, UK
| | - Richard J Gill
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Berkshire, UK
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Azpiazu C, Medina P, Sgolastra F, Moreno-Delafuente A, Viñuela E. Pesticide residues in nectar and pollen of melon crops: Risk to pollinators and effects of a specific pesticide mixture on Bombus terrestris (Hymenoptera: Apidae) micro-colonies. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 326:121451. [PMID: 36933818 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Residues detected in pollen collected by honey bees are often used to estimate pesticide exposure in ecotoxicological studies. However, for a more accurate assessment of pesticides effect on foraging pollinators, residues found directly on flowers are a more realistic exposure approximation. We conducted a multi-residue analysis of pesticides on pollen and nectar of melon flowers collected from five fields. The cumulative chronic oral exposure Risk Index (RI) was calculated for Apis mellifera, Bombus terrestris and Osmia bicornis to multiple pesticides. However, this index could underestimate the risk since sublethal or synergistic effects are not considered. Therefore, a mixture containing three of the most frequently detected pesticides in our study was tested for synergistic impact on B. terrestris micro-colonies through a chronic oral toxicity test. According to the result, pollen and nectar samples contained numerous pesticide residues, including nine insecticides, nine fungicides, and one herbicide. Eleven of those were not applied by farmers during the crop season, revealing that melon agroecosystems may be pesticide contaminated environments. The primary contributor to the chronic RI was imidacloprid and O. bircornis is at greatest risk for lethality resulting from chronic oral exposure at these sites. In the bumblebee micro-colony bioassay, dietary exposure to acetamiprid, chlorpyrifos and oxamyl at residue level concentration, showed no effects on worker mortality, drone production or drone size and no synergies were detected when pesticide mixtures were evaluated. In conclusion, our findings have significant implications for improving pesticide risk assessment schemes to guarantee pollinator conservation. In particular, bee pesticide risk assessment should not be limited to acute exposure effects to isolated active ingredients in honey bees. Instead, risk assessments should consider the long-term pesticide exposure effects in both pollen and nectar on a range of bees that reflect the diversity of natural ecosystems and the synergistic potential among pesticide formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celeste Azpiazu
- Unidad de Protección de Cultivos, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ETSIAAB-UPM), Madrid, Spain; Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC- Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain; CREAF-Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola Del Vallès), Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Pilar Medina
- Unidad de Protección de Cultivos, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ETSIAAB-UPM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabio Sgolastra
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ana Moreno-Delafuente
- Unidad de Protección de Cultivos, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ETSIAAB-UPM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Madrileño de Investigación y Desarrollo Rural, Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDRA), Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elisa Viñuela
- Unidad de Protección de Cultivos, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (ETSIAAB-UPM), Madrid, Spain
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Sampson B, Gregorc A, Alburaki M, Werle C, Karim S, Adamczyk J, Knight P. Sensitivity to imidacloprid insecticide varies among some social and solitary bee species of agricultural value. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285167. [PMID: 37134100 PMCID: PMC10155993 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pollinator health risks from long-lasting neonicotinoid insecticides like imidacloprid has primarily focused on commercially managed, cavity-nesting bees in the genera Apis, Bombus, and Osmia. We expand these assessments to include 12 species of native and non-native crop pollinators of differing levels of body size, sociality, and floral specialization. Bees were collected throughout 2016 and 2017 from flowering blueberry, squash, pumpkin, sunflower and okra in south Mississippi, USA. Within 30-60 minutes of capture, bees were installed in bioassay cages made from transparent plastic cups and dark amber jars. Bees were fed via dental wicks saturated with 27% (1.25 M) sugar syrup containing a realistic range of sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid (0, 5, 20, or 100 ppb) that are often found in nectar. Bees displayed no visible tremors or convulsions except for a small sweat bee, Halictus ligatus, and only at 100ppb syrup. Imidacloprid shortened the captive longevities of the solitary bees. Tolerant bee species lived ~10 to 12 days in the bioassays and included two social and one solitary species: Halictus ligatus, Apis mellifera and Ptilothrix bombiformis (rose mallow bees), respectively. No other bee species tolerated imidacloprid as well as honey bees did, which exhibited no appreciable mortality and only modest paralysis across concentration. In contrast, native bees either lived shorter lives, experienced longer paralysis, or endured both. Overall, longevity decreased with concentration linearly for social bees and non-linearly for solitary species. The percentage of a bee's captive lifespan spent paralyzed increased logarithmically with concentration for all species, although bumble bees suffered longest. Of greatest concern was comparable debilitation of agriculturally valuable solitary bees at both low and high sublethal rates of imidacloprid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair Sampson
- USDA-ARS Thad Cochran Southern Horticultural Laboratory, Poplarville, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Aleš Gregorc
- Department of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Mohamed Alburaki
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Christopher Werle
- USDA-ARS Thad Cochran Southern Horticultural Laboratory, Poplarville, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Shahid Karim
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - John Adamczyk
- USDA-ARS Thad Cochran Southern Horticultural Laboratory, Poplarville, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Patricia Knight
- Mississippi State University, Coastal Research and Extension Center, Starkville, Mississippi, United States of America
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Odemer R, Friedrich E, Illies I, Berg S, Pistorius J, Bischoff G. Potential Risk of Residues From Neonicotinoid-Treated Sugar Beet Flowering Weeds to Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L.). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:1167-1177. [PMID: 36861216 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In 2018 the European Union (EU) banned the three neonicotinoid insecticides imidacloprid, clothianidin (CLO), and thiamethoxam (TMX), but they can still be used if an EU Member State issues an emergency approval. Such an approval went into effect in 2021 for TMX-coated sugar beet seeds in Germany. Usually, this crop is harvested before flowering without exposing non-target organisms to the active ingredient or its metabolites. In addition to the approval, strict mitigation measures were imposed by the EU and the German federal states. One of the measures was to monitor the drilling of sugar beet and its impact on the environment. Hence we took residue samples from different bee and plant matrices and at different dates to fully map beet growth in the German states of Lower Saxony, Bavaria, and Baden-Württemberg. A total of four treated and three untreated plots were surveyed, resulting in 189 samples. Residue data were evaluated using the US Environmental Protection Agency BeeREX model to assess acute and chronic risk to honey bees from the samples, because oral toxicity data are widely available for both TMX and CLO. Within treated plots, we found no residues either in pools of nectar and honey crop samples (n = 24) or dead bee samples (n = 21). Although 13% of beebread and pollen samples and 88% of weed and sugar beet shoot samples were positive, the BeeREX model found no evidence of acute or chronic risk. We also detected neonicotinoid residues in the nesting material of the solitary bee Osmia bicornis, probably from contaminated soil of a treated plot. All control plots were free of residues. Currently, there are insufficient data on wild bee species to allow for an individual risk assessment. In terms of the future use of these highly potent insecticides, therefore, it must be ensured that all regulatory requirements are complied with to mitigate any unintentional exposure. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1167-1177. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Odemer
- Institute for Bee Protection, Julius Kühn-Institut-Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Elsa Friedrich
- Apicultural State Institute, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ingrid Illies
- Institute for Bee Research and Beekeeping, Bavarian State Institute for Viticulture and Horticulture, Veitshöchheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Berg
- Institute for Bee Research and Beekeeping, Bavarian State Institute for Viticulture and Horticulture, Veitshöchheim, Germany
| | - Jens Pistorius
- Institute for Bee Protection, Julius Kühn-Institut-Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Gabriela Bischoff
- Institute for Bee Protection, Julius Kühn-Institut-Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Berlin, Germany
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Liu H, Fu R, Zhang Y, Mao L, Zhu L, Zhang L, Liu X, Jiang H. Integrate transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis reveals the underlying mechanisms of behavioral disorders in zebrafish (Danio rerio) induced by imidacloprid. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 870:161541. [PMID: 36731560 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid, a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide, poses a significant threat to aquatic ecosystems. Behavior is a functional indicator of the net sensory, motor, and integrative processes of the nervous system and is presumed to be more sensitive in detecting toxicity. In the present study, we investigated the behavioral effects of imidacloprid at the level of environmental concentrations (1, 10 and 100 μg/L) for a constant exposure to zebrafish adults, and performed the integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis to analyze the molecular mechanism underlying behavioral effects of imidacloprid. Our results show that imidacloprid exposure significantly induce behavioral disruptions characterized by anxiety, depression, and reduced physiological function including exploratory, decision, social interaction and locomotor activity. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis indicate that the disruption of circadian rhythm, metabolic imbalance of arginine and proline, and neurotransmitter disorder are the underlying molecular mechanisms of behavioral impairment induced by imidacloprid. The "gene-metabolite-disease" network consisted by 11 metabolites and 15 genes is associated human disease Alzheimer's disease (AD) and schizophrenia. Our results confirm the behavioral impairment induced by imidacloprid at environmental concentrations for constant exposure. The identified genes and metabolites can be used not only to illustrate the underlying mechanisms, but also can be developed as biomarkers in determining the ecological risk of imidacloprid to aquatic organisms even Homo sapiens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ruiqiang Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liangang Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lizhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Hongyun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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Romanowski H, Blake L. Neonicotinoid seed treatment on sugar beet in England: a qualitative analysis of the controversy, existing policy and viability of alternatives. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND SCIENCES 2023; 13:1-20. [PMID: 37359708 PMCID: PMC10104770 DOI: 10.1007/s13412-023-00830-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In 2021, the United Kingdom Government granted the possibility of an emergency derogation for the use of the neonicotinoid seed treatment, thiamethoxam, on sugar beet in England. This was met with heavy criticism and controversy due to the body of evidence demonstrating toxicity of the insecticide to non-target species, particularly pollinators. However, many viewed this decision to be reasonable in this system, as sugar beet is a non-flowering crop, and derogations were only implemented if a set of conditions, including viral risk, were met. This research aims to understand the policy and the perspective of stakeholders in this debate, and identify key problems associated with thiamethoxam use on sugar beet. Semi-structured interviews combined with a modified policy analysis were used, incorporating framework analysis and comparative analysis. Political polarisation, whereby respondents felt that the debate had become anti-pesticide or pro-pesticide and lacked nuance, and the monopsony of British Sugar (a UK company that buys and processes sugar beet), were found to be the most prevalent issues currently impeding political progress and the enhancement of sustainable agriculture in this system. Virus forecasting was considered a successful strategy at the time of writing, although limitations to the model are also discussed. Non-chemical alternatives were found to be limited in this system due to the specificity of the pest system and the low threshold of virus yellows, while forecasting was considered to have the lowest net-environmental impact. Additional policy strategies to work alongside forecasting, such as public education and intergroup contact are also discussed. This study reflects a more general tug-of-war that often sets up a false dichotomy between food security and environmental sustainability. It highlights the importance of addressing the complexity of sustainable food production by opening up the discussion and taking a more nuanced and adaptive approach to policy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lauren Blake
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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39
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Larson ER, Armstrong EM, Harper H, Knapp S, Edwards KJ, Grierson D, Poppy G, Chase MW, Jones JDG, Bastow R, Jellis G, Barnes S, Temple P, Clarke M, Oldroyd G, Grierson CS. One hundred important questions for plant science - reflecting on a decade of plant research. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:464-469. [PMID: 36924326 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Larson
- School of Biological Sciences, Bristol University, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Emily May Armstrong
- School of Biological Sciences, Bristol University, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Helen Harper
- School of Biological Sciences, Bristol University, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Sandra Knapp
- Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Keith J Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences, Bristol University, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Don Grierson
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, nr Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Guy Poppy
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Mark W Chase
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, WA, 6845, Australia
- Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, London, TW9 3AE, UK
| | | | - Ruth Bastow
- Crop Health and Protection Ltd, York Biotech Campus, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, UK
| | - Graham Jellis
- Agrifood Charities Partnership, The Bullock Building, University Way, Cranfield, Bedford, MK43 OGH, UK
| | | | - Paul Temple
- Wold Farm, Driffield, East Yorkshire, YO25 3BB, UK
| | - Matthew Clarke
- Bayer - Crop Science, Monsanto UK Ltd, 230 Science Park, Cambridge, CB4 0WB, UK
| | - Giles Oldroyd
- Crop Science Centre, Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Claire S Grierson
- School of Biological Sciences, Bristol University, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
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40
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Wu J, Ge F, Zhu L, Liu N. Potential Toxic Mechanisms of Neonicotinoid Insecticides in Rice: Inhibiting Auxin-Mediated Signal Transduction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:4852-4862. [PMID: 36926880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Inappropriate application of pesticides not only causes sub-lethal effects on ecosystem service providers but also reduces crop yield and quality. As a xenobiotic signal molecule, pesticides may interact with signal transduction receptors in crops, resulting in oxidative damage and even metabolic perturbations. We discovered that three neonicotinoid insecticides (NIs), namely, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and clothianidin, at 0.06-0.12 kg ai/ha significantly inhibited the auxin signal pathway in rice leaves, thereby reducing the intracellular auxin (IAA) content. Molecular simulation further confirmed that NIs occupied the binding site where auxin transporter-like proteins 1 (LAX11) and 2 (LAX12), in which Thr253 and Asn66 of LAX11, as well as Thr244 and Asn57 of LAX12, were bound to the nitroguanidine of NIs via H-bonds. Meanwhile, Asn66 of LAX11 and Asn57 of LAX12 interacted with nitroguanidine via aromatic H-bonds. Moreover, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis was significantly disturbed because of the inhibited auxin signal pathway. Notably, peroxidase-coding genes were downregulated with a maximum value greater than 10-fold, resulting in decreased antioxidant metabolites flavone (37.82%) and lignin content (20.15%). Ultimately, rice biomass was reduced by up to 25.41% due to the decline in IAA content and antioxidant capacity. This study deeply explored the molecular mechanism of metabolic perturbations in crops stressed by pesticides, thus providing a scientific basis for pesticide environmental risk assessment and agricultural product safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Wu
- Department of Environment, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Fei Ge
- Department of Environment, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Lizhong Zhu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Environment, College of Environment and Resources, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
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41
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Thompson LJ, Stout JC, Stanley DA. Contrasting effects of fungicide and herbicide active ingredients and their formulations on bumblebee learning and behaviour. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:297167. [PMID: 36861783 PMCID: PMC10112909 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Fungicides and herbicides are two of the most heavily applied pesticide classes in the world, but receive little research attention with regards to their potential impacts on bees. As they are not designed to target insects, the mechanisms behind potential impacts of these pesticides are unclear. It is therefore important to understand their influence at a range of levels, including sublethal impacts on behaviours such as learning. We used the proboscis extension reflex (PER) paradigm to assess how the herbicide glyphosate and the fungicide prothioconazole affect bumblebee olfactory learning. We also assessed responsiveness, and compared the impacts of these active ingredients and their respective commercial formulations (Roundup Biactive and Proline). We found that learning was not impaired by either formulation but, of the bees that displayed evidence of learning, exposure to prothioconazole active ingredient increased learning level in some situations, while exposure to glyphosate active ingredient resulted in bumblebees being less likely to respond to antennal stimulation with sucrose. Our data suggest that fungicides and herbicides may not negatively impact olfactory learning ability when bumblebees are exposed orally to field-realistic doses in a lab setting, but that glyphosate has the potential to cause changes in responsiveness in bees. As we found impacts of active ingredients and not commercial formulations, this suggests that co-formulants may modify impacts of active ingredients in the products tested on olfactory learning without being toxic themselves. More research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind potential impacts of fungicides and herbicides on bees, and to evaluate the implications of behavioural changes caused by glyphosate and prothioconazole for bumblebee fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linzi J Thompson
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jane C Stout
- School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Dara A Stanley
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Non-optimal ambient temperatures aggravate insecticide toxicity and affect honey bees Apis mellifera L. gene regulation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3931. [PMID: 36894585 PMCID: PMC9998868 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30264-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we conducted a transcriptional analysis of five honey bee genes to examine their functional involvement vis-à-vis ambient temperatures and exposure to imidacloprid. In a 15-day cage experiment, three cohorts of one-day-old sister bees emerged in incubators, were distributed into cages, and maintained at three different temperatures (26 °C, 32 °C, 38 °C). Each cohort was fed a protein patty and three concentrations of imidacloprid-tainted sugar (0 ppb, 5 ppb and 20 ppb) ad libitum. Honey bee mortality, syrup and patty consumption were monitored daily over 15 days. Bees were sampled every three days for a total of five time points. RT-qPCR was used to longitudinally assess gene regulation of Vg, mrjp1, Rsod, AChE-2 and Trx-1 using RNA extracted from whole bee bodies. Kaplan-Meier models show that bees kept at both non-optimal temperatures (26 °C and 38 °C) were more susceptible to imidacloprid, with significantly higher mortality (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively) compared to the control. At 32 °C, no differences in mortality (P = 0.3) were recorded among treatments. In both imidacloprid treatment groups and the control, the expression of Vg and mrjp1 was significantly downregulated at 26 °C and 38 °C compared to the optimal temperature of 32 °C, indicating major influence of ambient temperature on the regulation of these genes. Within the ambient temperature groups, both imidacloprid treatments exclusively downregulated Vg and mrjp1 at 26 °C. AChE-2 and the poorly characterized Rsod gene were both consistently upregulated at the highest temperature (38 °C) compared to the ideal temperature (32 °C) in all treatment groups. Trx-1 showed no effect to both temperature and imidacloprid treatments and was regulated in an age-related manner. Overall, our results indicate that ambient temperatures amplify imidacloprid toxicity and affect honey bee gene regulation.
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Arias-Calluari K, Colin T, Latty T, Myerscough M, Altmann EG. Modelling daily weight variation in honey bee hives. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1010880. [PMID: 36857336 PMCID: PMC9977058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A quantitative understanding of the dynamics of bee colonies is important to support global efforts to improve bee health and enhance pollination services. Traditional approaches focus either on theoretical models or data-centred statistical analyses. Here we argue that the combination of these two approaches is essential to obtain interpretable information on the state of bee colonies and show how this can be achieved in the case of time series of intra-day weight variation. We model how the foraging and food processing activities of bees affect global hive weight through a set of ordinary differential equations and show how to estimate the parameters of this model from measurements on a single day. Our analysis of 10 hives at different times shows that the estimation of crucial indicators of the health of honey bee colonies are statistically reliable and fall in ranges compatible with previously reported results. The crucial indicators, which include the amount of food collected (foraging success) and the number of active foragers, may be used to develop early warning indicators of colony failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Arias-Calluari
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Theotime Colin
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tanya Latty
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mary Myerscough
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Eduardo G. Altmann
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Xu L, Xu X, Kuang H, Liu Y, Xu C, Wu X. Transcriptomics and Metabolomics for Co-Exposure to a Cocktail of Neonicotinoids and the Synergist Piperonyl Butoxide. Anal Chem 2023; 95:3108-3118. [PMID: 36693709 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Here, the transcriptomics and metabolomics on a model of exposure to a cocktail of neonicotinoids (Neo) containing seven commercial compounds and a synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO) were established. The results showed that Neo and PBO disrupted mRNA and metabolite levels in a dose-dependent manner. Neo caused tryptophan pathway-related neurotoxicity, reduced lipolysis, and promoted fat mass accumulation in the liver, while PBO induced an increase in inflammatory factors and damage to intercellular membranes. Co-exposure enhanced Neo-induced liver steatosis, focal necrosis, and oxidative stress by inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Furthermore, diglycerides and metabolic biomarkers demonstrated that the activation of insulin signaling is associated with restricted OXPHOS, which commonly leads to a high risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) as the result of over-synthesis of lipids, low energy supply, and high thermogenesis. The study demonstrates that chronic disease can be induced by Neo and the synergist PBO at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Liu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Medical Biology, No. 935, Jiaoling Road, Kunming 650000, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China.,International Joint Research Laboratory for Biointerface and Biodetection and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
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Tsvetkov N, Bahia S, Calla B, Berenbaum MR, Zayed A. Genetics of tolerance in honeybees to the neonicotinoid clothianidin. iScience 2023; 26:106084. [PMID: 36843853 PMCID: PMC9947305 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of neonicotinoid insecticides (NNIs) on honeybee health are intensely debated, with numerous studies showing negative effects of exposure, while others report no such effects. We carried out experiments to study the genetic and molecular basis of NNI tolerance in honeybees, which may underlie the discrepancies observed in the literature. We discovered that worker survival post-exposure to an acute oral dose of clothianidin is heritable (H 2 = 37.8%). Tolerance to clothianidin was not associated with differences in the expression of detoxification enzymes in our experiments. Instead, mutations in the primary neonicotinoid detoxification genes CYP9Q1 and CYP9Q3 were strongly associated with worker survival post-clothianidin exposure. In some instances, the strong association between CYP9Q haplotypes and worker survival was associated with the protein's predicted binding affinity for clothianidin. Our findings have implications regarding future toxicological studies utilizing honeybees as a model pollinator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadejda Tsvetkov
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Simran Bahia
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Bernarda Calla
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - May R. Berenbaum
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Amro Zayed
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada,Corresponding author
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46
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Graves EE, Meese RJ, Holyoak M. Neonicotinoid exposure in Tricolored Blackbirds (Agelaius tricolor). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:15392-15399. [PMID: 36169821 PMCID: PMC9516497 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23290-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing awareness of the negative ecological and environmental effects of widespread use of pesticides on the landscape. Spillover or drift of pesticides from agricultural areas has been shown to impact species health, reproduction, and trophic dynamics through both direct and indirect mechanisms. Neonicotinoid insecticides are associated with observed declines of insectivorous and grassland birds, and these environmental pollutants are a significant conservation concern for many species that have experienced past or current population declines. Due to the high efficacy of these modern insecticides in depressing local insect populations, insectivorous birds can be negatively impacted by a pesticide-mediated reduction in food supply. Neonicotinoids may act synergistically with other stressors, such as habitat loss, to exacerbate threats to species or population viability. The Tricolored Blackbird is an insectivorous grassland bird of conservation concern in California, USA. Due to the high association of this species with agricultural habitats, we sought to quantify the amount of neonicotinoid residues in Tricolored Blackbird carcasses as a first step in assessing how this species may be impacted by pesticides. Out of 85 salvaged carcasses sampled (N = 24 adults, N = 3 fledglings, and N = 58 nestlings), only two contained detectable levels of target compounds. These were an adult and one nestling that contained clothianidin residue (40 ppb and 7 ppb, respectively); both of these birds were salvaged from breeding colonies associated with dairy farms in Kern County, California. We suggest that further work is needed to assess neonicotinoid exposure of Tricolored Blackbirds in dairy-associated breeding colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Graves
- Environmental Science & Policy Department, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Robert J Meese
- Environmental Science & Policy Department, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Marcel Holyoak
- Environmental Science & Policy Department, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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47
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Bruckner S, Straub L, Neumann P, Williams GR. Negative but antagonistic effects of neonicotinoid insecticides and ectoparasitic mites Varroa destructor on Apis mellifera honey bee food glands. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137535. [PMID: 36521752 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Collaborative brood care by workers is essential for the functionality of eusocial Apis mellifera honey bee colonies. The hypopharyngeal food glands of workers play a crucial role in this context. Even though there is consensus that ubiquitous ectoparasitic mites Varroa destructor and widespread insecticides, such as neonicotinoids, are major stressors for honey bee health, their impact alone and in combination on the feeding glands of workers is poorly understood. Here, we show that combined exposure to V. destructor and neonicotinoids antagonistically interacted on hypopharyngeal gland size, yet they did not interact on emergence body mass or survival. While the observed effects of the antagonistic interaction were less negative than expected based on the sum of the individual effects, hypopharyngeal gland size was still significantly reduced. Alone, V. destructor parasitism negatively affected emergence body mass, survival, and hypopharyngeal gland size, whereas neonicotinoid exposure reduced hypopharyngeal gland size only. Since size is associated with hypopharyngeal gland functionality, a reduction could result in inadequate brood care. As cooperative brood care is a cornerstone of eusociality, smaller glands could have adverse down-stream effects on inclusive fitness of honey bee colonies. Therefore, our findings highlight the need to further study how ubiquitous stressors like V. destructor and neonicotinoids interact to affect honey bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Bruckner
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, 301 Funchess Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
| | - Lars Straub
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3097, Liebefeld, Switzerland; Agroscope, Swiss Bee Research Centre, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3097, Liebefeld, Switzerland.
| | - Peter Neumann
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3097, Liebefeld, Switzerland; Agroscope, Swiss Bee Research Centre, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, 3097, Liebefeld, Switzerland.
| | - Geoffrey R Williams
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, 301 Funchess Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA.
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Yang ZK, Qu C, Pan SX, Liu Y, Shi Z, Luo C, Qin YG, Yang XL. Aphid-repellent, ladybug-attraction activities, and binding mechanism of methyl salicylate derivatives containing geraniol moiety. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:760-770. [PMID: 36259292 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aphids have been mainly controlled by traditional chemical insecticides, resulting in unamiable risk to the environment over the last decades. Push-pull strategy is regarded as a promising eco-friendly approach for aphid management through repelling aphid away and attracting their natural enemy. Methyl salicylate (MeSA), one of typical HIPVs (herbivore-induced plant volatiles), can repel aphids and attract ladybugs. Our previous studies discovered a new lead compound 3e, a salicylate-substituted carboxyl (E)-β-farnesene derivative that had effective aphid-repellent activity. However, whether 3e has attractive activity to ladybug like MeSA is unknown. Meanwhile, to discover a new derivative for both deterring aphid and recruiting ladybug is meaningful for green control of aphids. RESULTS Through the structural optimization of 3e, 14 new derivatives were designed and synthesized. Among them, compounds 4e and 4i had good aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) repellent activity, and compounds 3e, 4e and 4i had significant ladybug (Harmonia axyridis) attractive activity to males. Particularly, 4i exhibited manifest attractive effect on the females as well. Binding mechanism showed that 4i not only bound effectively with the aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) target ApisOBP9 thanks to its multiple hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen-bond, but also had strong binding affinity with ladybug target HaxyOBP15 due to the suitable steric space. Additionally, 4i displayed low toxicity to bee Apis mellifera. CONCLUSION Compound 3e does exhibit attractive activity to male ladybug as MeSA. However, the new derivative 4i, with both pleasant aphid-repellent and ladybug-attraction activities, can be considered as a novel potential push-pull candidate for aphid control in sustainable agriculture. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Kai Yang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Qu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Xiang Pan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Shi
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chen Luo
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yao-Guo Qin
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Environment-Friendly Control of Crop Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Ling Yang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P. R. China
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49
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Siviter H, Linguadoca A, Ippolito A, Muth F. Pesticide licensing in the EU and protecting pollinators. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R44-R48. [PMID: 36693303 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Intensive agriculture is reliant on pesticides to control crop pests, but these chemicals can have negative environmental consequences. This has resulted in repeated calls for pesticide risk assessments to be modified to better protect ecosystem services such as pollination. However, the pesticide licensing process is complex, and consequently there is often confusion between risk assessments where the environmental impact of pesticide use is considered, and risk management where licensing decisions are made. Using bees as a case study, we provide a roadmap for how pesticides are licensed for use in the European Union. By outlining the regulatory process, we highlight key data gaps that need to be addressed to generate a holistic approach to environmental risk assessment. Such an approach is vital to protect pollinators and wildlife more broadly from the unintended consequences of pesticide use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Siviter
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, 2415 Speedway, Austin, TX 78712, USA; School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK.
| | - Alberto Linguadoca
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences and the Environment, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, UK; European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Pesticides Unit, Via Carlo Magno 1A, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Alessio Ippolito
- European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Pesticides Unit, Via Carlo Magno 1A, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Felicity Muth
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, 2415 Speedway, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Cheng S, Dai P, Li R, Chen Z, Liang P, Xie X, Zhen C, Gao X. The sulfoximine insecticide sulfoxaflor exposure reduces the survival status and disrupts the intestinal metabolism of the honeybee Apis mellifera. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:130109. [PMID: 36303336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Honeybees (Apis mellifera) are indispensable pollinators in agricultural production, biodiversity conservation, and nutrients provision. The abundance and diversity of honeybees have been rapidly diminishing, possibly related to the extensive use of insecticides in ecosystems. Sulfoxaflor is a novel sulfoximine insecticide that, like neonicotinoids, acts as a competitive modulator of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in insects. However, few studies have addressed the negative effects of sulfoxaflor on honeybees at environmentally relevant concentrations. In the present study, adult workers were fed a 50% (w/v) of sugar solution containing different concentrations (0, 0.05, 0.5 and 2.0 mg/L) of sulfoxaflor for two weeks consecutively. The survival rates, food intake, and body weight of the honeybees significantly decreased after continuous exposure at higher doses (0.5 and 2.0 mg/L) of sulfoxaflor when compared with the control. The change in the metabolites in the honeybee gut was determined using high-throughput non-targeted metabolomics on day 14 after sulfoxaflor treatment. The results revealed that 24 and 105 metabolites changed after exposure to 0.5 and 2.0 mg/L sulfoxaflor, respectively, compared with that of the control groups. A total of 12 changed compounds including pregenolone and glutathione were detected as potential biomarkers, which were eventually found to be enriched in pathways of the steroid hormone biosynthesis (p = 0.0001) and glutathione metabolism (p = 0.021). These findings provide a new perspective on the physiological influence of sulfoxaflor stress in honeybees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenhang Cheng
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Pingli Dai
- Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, PR China
| | - Ren Li
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Zhibin Chen
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Pingzhuo Liang
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Xie
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Congai Zhen
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Xiwu Gao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, PR China.
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