1
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Gao FY, Peng X, Cheng X, Viñas Boström E, Kim DS, Jain RK, Vishnu D, Raju K, Sankar R, Lee SF, Sentef MA, Kurumaji T, Li X, Tang P, Rubio A, Baldini E. Giant chiral magnetoelectric oscillations in a van der Waals multiferroic. Nature 2024; 632:273-279. [PMID: 39020169 PMCID: PMC11306099 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07678-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Helical spin structures are expressions of magnetically induced chirality, entangling the dipolar and magnetic orders in materials1-4. The recent discovery of helical van der Waals multiferroics down to the ultrathin limit raises prospects of large chiral magnetoelectric correlations in two dimensions5,6. However, the exact nature and magnitude of these couplings have remained unknown so far. Here we perform a precision measurement of the dynamical magnetoelectric coupling for an enantiopure domain in an exfoliated van der Waals multiferroic. We evaluate this interaction in resonance with a collective electromagnon mode, capturing the impact of its oscillations on the dipolar and magnetic orders of the material with a suite of ultrafast optical probes. Our data show a giant natural optical activity at terahertz frequencies, characterized by quadrature modulations between the electric polarization and magnetization components. First-principles calculations further show that these chiral couplings originate from the synergy between the non-collinear spin texture and relativistic spin-orbit interactions, resulting in substantial enhancements over lattice-mediated effects. Our findings highlight the potential for intertwined orders to enable unique functionalities in the two-dimensional limit and pave the way for the development of van der Waals magnetoelectric devices operating at terahertz speeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Y Gao
- Department of Physics and Center for Complex Quantum Systems, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Xinyue Peng
- Department of Physics and Center for Complex Quantum Systems, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Xinle Cheng
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Emil Viñas Boström
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad del País Vasco, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Dong Seob Kim
- Department of Physics and Center for Complex Quantum Systems, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ravish K Jain
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Deepak Vishnu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | - Raman Sankar
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Fan Lee
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael A Sentef
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Takashi Kurumaji
- Division of Physics, Mathematics and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- Department of Physics and Center for Complex Quantum Systems, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Peizhe Tang
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angel Rubio
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany.
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group, Departamento de Física de Materiales, Universidad del País Vasco, San Sebastián, Spain.
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, The Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Edoardo Baldini
- Department of Physics and Center for Complex Quantum Systems, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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2
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Castro M, Saéz G, Vergara Apaz P, Allende S, Nunez AS. Toward Fully Multiferroic van der Waals SpinFETs: Basic Design and Quantum Calculations. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:7911-7918. [PMID: 38889449 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Manipulating spin transport enhances the functionality of electronic devices, allowing them to surpass physical constraints related to speed and power. For this reason, the use of van der Waals multiferroics at the interface of heterostructures offers promising prospects for developing high-performance devices, enabling the electrical control of spin information. Our work focuses primarily on a mechanism for multiferroicity in two-dimensional van der Waals materials that stems from an interplay between antiferromagnetism and the breaking of inversion symmetry in certain bilayers. We provide evidence for spin-electrical couplings that include manipulating van der Waals multiferroic edges via external voltages and the subsequent control of spin transport including for fully multiferroic spin field-effect transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Castro
- Departamento de Física, FCFM, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8370448, Chile
- Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología CEDENNA, Santiago, 9170124, Chile
| | - Guidobeth Saéz
- Departamento de Física, FCFM, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8370448, Chile
- Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología CEDENNA, Santiago, 9170124, Chile
| | | | - Sebastián Allende
- Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología CEDENNA, Santiago, 9170124, Chile
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, 9170124, Chile
| | - Alvaro S Nunez
- Departamento de Física, FCFM, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8370448, Chile
- Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnología CEDENNA, Santiago, 9170124, Chile
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3
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Ogino M, Okamura Y, Fujiwara K, Morimoto T, Nagaosa N, Kaneko Y, Tokura Y, Takahashi Y. Terahertz photon to dc current conversion via magnetic excitations of multiferroics. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4699. [PMID: 38844471 PMCID: PMC11156647 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Direct conversion from terahertz photon to charge current is a key phenomenon for terahertz photonics. Quantum geometrical description of optical processes in crystalline solids predicts existence of field-unbiased dc photocurrent arising from terahertz-light generation of magnetic excitations in multiferroics, potentially leading to fast and energy-efficient terahertz devices. Here, we demonstrate the dc charge current generation from terahertz magnetic excitations in multiferroic perovskite manganites with spin-driven ferroelectricity, while keeping an insulating state with no free carrier. It is also revealed that electromagnon, which ranges sub-terahertz to 2 THz, as well as antiferromagnetic resonance shows the giant conversion efficiency. Polar asymmetry induced by the cycloidal spin order gives rise to this terahertz-photon-induced dc photocurrent, and no external magnetic and electric bias field are required for this conversion process. The observed phenomena are beyond the conventional photovoltaics in semi-classical regime and demonstrate the essential role of quantum geometrical aspect in low-energy optical processes. Our finding establishes a paradigm of terahertz photovoltaic phenomena, paving a way for terahertz photonic devices and energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Ogino
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronics Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Okamura
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronics Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Fujiwara
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronics Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Morimoto
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronics Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Nagaosa
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kaneko
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tokura
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronics Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Japan
- Tokyo College, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Youtarou Takahashi
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronics Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Japan.
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4
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Shoriki K, Moriishi K, Okamura Y, Yokoi K, Usui H, Murakawa H, Sakai H, Hanasaki N, Tokura Y, Takahashi Y. Large nonlinear optical magnetoelectric response in a noncentrosymmetric magnetic Weyl semimetal. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316910121. [PMID: 38483985 PMCID: PMC10962943 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316910121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Weyl semimetals resulting from either inversion (P) or time-reversal (T) symmetry breaking have been revealed to show the record-breaking large optical response due to intense Berry curvature of Weyl-node pairs. Different classes of Weyl semimetals with both P and T symmetry breaking potentially exhibit optical magnetoelectric (ME) responses, which are essentially distinct from the previously observed optical responses in conventional Weyl semimetals, leading to the versatile functions such as directional dependence for light propagation and gyrotropic effects. However, such optical ME phenomena of (semi)metallic systems have remained elusive so far. Here, we show the large nonlinear optical ME response in noncentrosymmetric magnetic Weyl semimetal PrAlGe, in which the polar structural asymmetry and ferromagnetic ordering break P and T symmetry. We observe the giant second harmonic generation (SHG) arising from the P symmetry breaking in the paramagnetic phase, being comparable to the largest SHG response reported in Weyl semimetal TaAs. In the ferromagnetically ordered phase, it is found that interference between this nonmagnetic SHG and the magnetically induced SHG emerging due to both P and T symmetry breaking results in the magnetic field switching of SHG intensity. Furthermore, such an interference effect critically depends on the light-propagating direction. The corresponding magnetically induced nonlinear susceptibility is significantly larger than the prototypical ME material, manifesting the existence of the strong nonlinear dynamical ME coupling. The present findings establish the unique optical functionality of P- and T-symmetry broken ME topological semimetals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Shoriki
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronic Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
| | - Keigo Moriishi
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronic Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Okamura
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronic Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
| | - Kohei Yokoi
- Department of Physics, Gakushuin University, Tokyo171-8588, Japan
| | - Hidetomo Usui
- Department of Applied Physics Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane690-8504, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Murakawa
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka560-0043, Japan
| | - Hideaki Sakai
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka560-0043, Japan
| | - Noriaki Hanasaki
- Department of Physics, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka560-0043, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tokura
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronic Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako351-0198, Japan
- Tokyo College, University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
| | - Youtarou Takahashi
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronic Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako351-0198, Japan
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5
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Sun S, Zhang Y, Shi X, Sun W, Felser C, Li W, Li G. From Charge to Spin: An In-Depth Exploration of Electron Transfer in Energy Electrocatalysis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2312524. [PMID: 38482969 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Catalytic materials play crucial roles in various energy-related processes, ranging from large-scale chemical production to advancements in renewable energy technologies. Despite a century of dedicated research, major enduring challenges associated with enhancing catalyst efficiency and durability, particularly in green energy-related electrochemical reactions, remain. Focusing only on either the crystal structure or electronic structure of a catalyst is deemed insufficient to break the linear scaling relationship (LSR), which is the golden rule for the design of advanced catalysts. The discourse in this review intricately outlines the essence of heterogeneous catalysis reactions by highlighting the vital roles played by electron properties. The physical and electrochemical properties of electron charge and spin that govern catalysis efficiencies are analyzed. Emphasis is placed on the pronounced influence of external fields in perturbing the LSR, underscoring the vital role that electron spin plays in advancing high-performance catalyst design. The review culminates by proffering insights into the potential applications of spin catalysis, concluding with a discussion of extant challenges and inherent limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubin Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry-Synthesis Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yudi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- College of Material Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, 818 A Fenghua Rd, Jiangbei District, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Wen Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- College of Material Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Claudia Felser
- Topological Quantum Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Strasse 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- CISRI & NIMTE Joint Innovation Center for Rare Earth Permanent Magnets, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Guowei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- College of Material Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Rd, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
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6
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Dual-comb optical activity spectroscopy for the analysis of vibrational optical activity induced by external magnetic field. Nat Commun 2023; 14:883. [PMID: 36797264 PMCID: PMC9935641 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36509-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical activity (OA) spectroscopy is a powerful tool to characterize molecular chirality, explore the stereo-specific structure and study the solution-state conformation of biomolecules, which is widely utilized in the fields of molecular chirality, pharmaceutics and analytical chemistry. Due to the considerably weak effect, OA spectral analysis has high demands on measurement speed and sensitivity, especially for organic biomolecules. Moreover, gas-phase OA measurements require higher resolution to resolve Doppler-limited profiles. Here, we show the unmatched potential of dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) in magnetic optical activity spectroscopy (MOAS) of gas-phase molecules with the resolution of hundred-MHz level and the high-speed measurement of sub-millisecond level. As a demonstration, we achieved the rapid, high-precision and high-resolution MOAS measurement of the nitrogen dioxide [Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text] band and the nitric oxide overtone band, which can be used to analyze fine structure of molecules. Besides, the preliminary demonstration of liquid-phase chiroptical activity (as weak as 10-5) has been achieved with several seconds of sampling time, which could become a routine approach enabling ultrafast dynamics analysis of chiral structural conformations.
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7
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Wang Y, Wang P, Wang H, Xu B, Li H, Cheng M, Feng W, Du R, Song L, Wen X, Li X, Yang J, Cai Y, He J, Wang Z, Shi J. Room-Temperature Magnetoelectric Coupling in Atomically Thin ε-Fe 2 O 3. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209465. [PMID: 36460029 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
2D multiferroics with magnetoelectric coupling combine the magnetic order and electric polarization in a single phase, providing a cornerstone for constructing high-density information storages and low-energy-consumption spintronic devices. The strong interactions between various order parameters are crucial for realizing such multifunctional applications, nevertheless, this criterion is rarely met in classical 2D materials at room-temperature. Here an ingenious space-confined chemical vapor deposition strategy is designed to synthesize atomically thin non-layered ε-Fe2 O3 single crystals and disclose the room-temperature long-range ferrimagnetic order. Interestingly, the strong ferroelectricity and its switching behavior are unambiguously discovered in atomically thin ε-Fe2 O3 , accompanied with an anomalous thickness-dependent coercive voltage. More significantly, the robust room-temperature magnetoelectric coupling is uncovered by controlling the magnetism with electric field and verifies the multiferroic feature of atomically thin ε-Fe2 O3 . This work not only represents a substantial leap in terms of the controllable synthesis of 2D multiferroics with robust magnetoelectric coupling, but also provides a crucial step toward the practical applications in low-energy-consumption electric-writing/magnetic-reading devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhu Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Bingqian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Mo Cheng
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Wang Feng
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ruofan Du
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Luying Song
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xia Wen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Junbo Yang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yao Cai
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, P. R. China
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Shi
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
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8
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Cheong SW, Huang FT, Kim M. Linking emergent phenomena and broken symmetries through one-dimensional objects and their dot/cross products. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 85:124501. [PMID: 36198263 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac97aa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The symmetry of the whole experimental setups, including specific sample environments and measurables, can be compared with that of specimens for observable physical phenomena. We, first, focus on one-dimensional (1D) experimental setups, independent from any spatial rotation around one direction, and show that eight kinds of 1D objects (four; vector-like, the other four; director-like), defined in terms of symmetry, and their dot and cross products are an effective way for the symmetry consideration. The dot products form a Z2× Z2× Z2group with Abelian additive operation, and the cross products form a Z2× Z2group with Abelian additive operation or Q8, a non-Abelian group of order eight, depending on their signs. Those 1D objects are associated with characteristic physical phenomena. When a 3D specimen has symmetry operational similarity (SOS) with (identical or lower, but not higher, symmetries than) an 1D object with a particular phenomenon, the 3D specimen can exhibit the phenomenon. This SOS approach can be a transformative and unconventional avenue for symmetry-guided materials designs and discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Wook Cheong
- Rutgers Center for Emergent Materials and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, 136 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | - Fei-Ting Huang
- Rutgers Center for Emergent Materials and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, 136 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | - Minhyong Kim
- International Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- The Korea Institute for Advanced Study, 85 Hoegiro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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9
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Terada N, Khalyavin DD, Manuel P, Orlandi F, Ridley CJ, Bull CL, Ono R, Solovyev I, Naka T, Prabhakaran D, Boothroyd AT. Room-Temperature Type-II Multiferroic Phase Induced by Pressure in Cupric Oxide. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:217601. [PMID: 36461960 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.217601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
According to previous theoretical work, the binary oxide CuO can become a room-temperature multiferroic via tuning of the superexchange interactions by application of pressure. Thus far, however, there has been no experimental evidence for the predicted room-temperature multiferroicity. Here, we show by neutron diffraction that the multiferroic phase in CuO reaches 295 K with the application of 18.5 GPa pressure. We also develop a spin Hamiltonian based on density functional theory and employing superexchange theory for the magnetic interactions, which can reproduce the experimental results. The present Letter provides a stimulus to develop room-temperature multiferroic materials by alternative methods based on existing low temperature compounds, such as epitaxial strain, for tunable multifunctional devices and memory applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriki Terada
- National Institute for Materials Science, Sengen 1-2-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Dmitry D Khalyavin
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Pascal Manuel
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Orlandi
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher J Ridley
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Craig L Bull
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, The University of Edinburgh, Kings Buildings, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ryota Ono
- Italian Institute of Technology, Via Morego, 30 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Igor Solovyev
- National Institute for Materials Science, MANA, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Institute of Metal Physics, S. Kovalevskaya street 18, 620108 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Department of Theoretical Physics and Applied Mathematics, Ural Federal University, Mira street 19, 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Takashi Naka
- National Institute for Materials Science, Sengen 1-2-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Dharmalingam Prabhakaran
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew T Boothroyd
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
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10
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Yang HF, He KY, Koo J, Shen SW, Zhang SH, Liu G, Liu YZ, Chen C, Liang AJ, Huang K, Wang MX, Gao JJ, Luo X, Yang LX, Liu JP, Sun YP, Yan SC, Yan BH, Chen YL, Xi X, Liu ZK. Visualization of Chiral Electronic Structure and Anomalous Optical Response in a Material with Chiral Charge Density Waves. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:156401. [PMID: 36269973 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.156401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Chiral materials have attracted significant research interests as they exhibit intriguing physical properties, such as chiral optical response, spin-momentum locking, and chiral induced spin selectivity. Recently, layered transition metal dichalcogenide 1T-TaS_{2} has been found to host a chiral charge density wave (CDW) order. Nevertheless, the physical consequences of the chiral order, for example, in electronic structures and the optical properties, are yet to be explored. Here, we report the spectroscopic visualization of an emergent chiral electronic band structure in the CDW phase, characterized by windmill-shaped Fermi surfaces. We uncover a remarkable chirality-dependent circularly polarized Raman response due to the salient in-plane chiral symmetry of CDW, although the ordinary circular dichroism vanishes. Chiral Fermi surfaces and anomalous Raman responses coincide with the CDW transition, proving their lattice origin. Our Letter paves a path to manipulate the chiral electronic and optical properties in two-dimensional materials and explore applications in polarization optics and spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- H F Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - K Y He
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - J Koo
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - S W Shen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - S H Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - G Liu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Z Liu
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - C Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - A J Liang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - K Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - M X Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - J J Gao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, HFIPS, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - X Luo
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, HFIPS, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - L X Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - J P Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - Y P Sun
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, HFIPS, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, HFIPS, Hefei, 230031, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - S C Yan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
| | - B H Yan
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Y L Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - X Xi
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Z K Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, Shanghai 201210, People's Republic of China
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11
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Hayashida T, Kimura K, Kimura T. Switching Crystallographic Chirality in Ba(TiO)Cu 4(PO 4) 4 by Laser Irradiation. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:3857-3862. [PMID: 35467880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Switching crystallographic chirality is nontrivial because there is no simple conjugate field to chirality. Here we demonstrate chirality switching in an inorganic crystalline material by manipulating the boundaries of chiral domains with laser irradiation. Our study material is Ba(TiO)Cu4(PO4)4, exhibiting a chiral structure at room temperature and a chiral-achiral phase transition at 710 °C. By irradiation of a laser beam with a wavelength at which Ba(TiO)Cu4(PO4)4 exhibits strong optical absorption, local heating is induced. This leads to reconstructions of chiral domain boundaries, revealed by optical rotation measurements. In the reconstruction process, energetically unstable domain boundaries tend to be minimized, affecting resultant domain patterns. On the basis of this feature, we successfully manipulate chiral domain patterns by scanning the laser beam on the sample surface. Our findings provide a unique approach to controlling chirality in inorganic crystalline materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Hayashida
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Kenta Kimura
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kimura
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
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12
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Jeong SG, Kim J, Seo A, Park S, Jeong HY, Kim YM, Lauter V, Egami T, Han JH, Choi WS. Unconventional interlayer exchange coupling via chiral phonons in synthetic magnetic oxide heterostructures. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm4005. [PMID: 35089783 PMCID: PMC8797183 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm4005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Chiral symmetry breaking of phonons plays an essential role in emergent quantum phenomena owing to its strong coupling to spin degree of freedom. However, direct experimental evidence of the chiral phonon-spin coupling is lacking. In this study, we report a chiral phonon-mediated interlayer exchange interaction in atomically controlled ferromagnetic metal (SrRuO3)-nonmagnetic insulator (SrTiO3) heterostructures. Owing to the unconventional interlayer exchange interaction, we have observed rotation of spins as a function of nonmagnetic insulating spacer thickness, resulting in a spin spiral state. The chiral phonon-spin coupling is further confirmed by phonon Zeeman effect. The existence of the chiral phonons and their interplay with spins along with our atomic-scale heterostructure approach unveil the crucial roles of chiral phonons in magnetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Gyo Jeong
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Jiwoong Kim
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Ambrose Seo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Sungkyun Park
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hu Young Jeong
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Valeria Lauter
- Neutron Scattering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - Takeshi Egami
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Jung Hoon Han
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Woo Seok Choi
- Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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13
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Iguchi S, Masuda R, Seki S, Tokura Y, Takahashi Y. Enhanced gyrotropic birefringence and natural optical activity on electromagnon resonance in a helimagnet. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6674. [PMID: 34795229 PMCID: PMC8602373 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26953-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous symmetry breaking in crystalline solid often produces exotic nonreciprocal phenomena. As one such example, the unconventional optical rotation with nonreciprocity, which is termed gyrotropic birefringence, is expected to emerge from the magnetoelectric coupling. However, the fundamental nature of gyrotropic birefringence remains to be examined. Here w`e demonstrate the gyrotropic birefringence enhanced by the dynamical magnetoelectric coupling on the electrically active magnon resonance, i.e. electromagnon, in a multiferroic helimagnet. The helical spin order having both polarity and chirality is found to cause the giant gyrotropic birefringence in addition to the conventional gyrotropy, i.e. natural optical activity. It is demonstrated that the optical rotation of gyrotropic birefringence can be viewed as the nonreciprocal rotation of the optical principal axes, while the crystallographic and magnetic anisotropies are intact. The independent control of the nonreciprocal linear (gyrotropic birefringence) and circular (natural optical activity) birefringence/dichroism paves a way for the optically active devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Iguchi
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
| | - R Masuda
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - S Seki
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.,Institute of Engineering Innovation, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0032, Japan
| | - Y Tokura
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.,Tokyo College, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Y Takahashi
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan. .,RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
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14
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Vít J, Viirok J, Peedu L, Rõõm T, Nagel U, Kocsis V, Tokunaga Y, Taguchi Y, Tokura Y, Kézsmárki I, Balla P, Penc K, Romhányi J, Bordács S. In Situ Electric-Field Control of THz Nonreciprocal Directional Dichroism in the Multiferroic Ba_{2}CoGe_{2}O_{7}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:157201. [PMID: 34678006 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.157201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nonreciprocal directional dichroism, also called the optical-diode effect, is an appealing functional property inherent to the large class of noncentrosymmetric magnets. However, the in situ electric control of this phenomenon is challenging as it requires a set of conditions to be fulfilled: Special symmetries of the magnetic ground state, spin excitations with comparable magnetic- and electric-dipole activity, and switchable electric polarization. We demonstrate the isothermal electric switch between domains of Ba_{2}CoGe_{2}O_{7} possessing opposite magnetoelectric susceptibilities. Combining THz spectroscopy and multiboson spin-wave analysis, we show that unbalancing the population of antiferromagnetic domains generates the nonreciprocal light absorption of spin excitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vít
- Department of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Physics ASCR, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Nuclear Science and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University, Břehová 7, 115 19 Prague 1, Czech Republic
| | - J Viirok
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - L Peedu
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - T Rõõm
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - U Nagel
- National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, 12618 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - V Kocsis
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Y Tokunaga
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
| | - Y Taguchi
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Y Tokura
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics and Tokyo College, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - I Kézsmárki
- Department of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
- Experimental Physics V, Center for Electronic Correlations and Magnetism, University of Augsburg, 86135 Augsburg, Germany
| | - P Balla
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, P.O. Box. 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - K Penc
- Institute for Solid State Physics and Optics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, P.O. Box. 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary
| | - J Romhányi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, 4129 Frederick Reines Hall, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - S Bordács
- Department of Physics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Premium Postdoctor Program, 1051 Budapest, Hungary
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15
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Masuda R, Kaneko Y, Tokura Y, Takahashi Y. Electric field control of natural optical activity in a multiferroic helimagnet. Science 2021; 372:496-500. [PMID: 33926951 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz4312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the chiral degree of freedom in matter has long been an important issue for many fields of science. The spin-spiral order, which exhibits a strong magnetoelectric coupling, gives rise to chirality irrespective of the atomic arrangement of matter. Here, we report the resonantly enhanced natural optical activity on the electrically active magnetic excitation, that is, electromagnon, in multiferroic cupric oxide. The electric field control of the natural optical activity is demonstrated through magnetically induced chirality endowed with magnetoelectric coupling. These optical properties inherent to multiferroics may lead to optical devices based on the control of chirality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Masuda
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kaneko
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tokura
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.,Tokyo College, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Youtarou Takahashi
- Department of Applied Physics and Quantum Phase Electronics Center (QPEC), University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan. .,RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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