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de Brito JKS, Campos VM, Oliveira AHB, Lopes GS. Development of a green and low-cost method to determine mercury content in sediments affected by oil spill on the Brazilian coast. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 202:116346. [PMID: 38604078 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Tons of crude oil were found on the Brazilian coast in 2019, and studies assessing its chemical composition are still scarce. This study aimed to develop a new and simple technique of cold vapor generation using infrared irradiation coupled with atomic absorption spectrometry to determine mercury content in sediments contaminated by crude oil. Experimental conditions were evaluated, including formic acid concentration, reactor temperature, and carrier gas flow rate. The accuracy of the method was validated by comparison with mercury contents in a certified reference material (PACS-2). The detection limit was found to be 0.44 μg kg-1. The developed method was applied to determine the total mercury content in marine sediment samples collected from beaches in Ceará State. Mercury concentrations ranged from 0.41 to 0.95 mg kg-1. The proposed method is efficient, simple, low-cost, and adequate for its purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Kelly Sousa de Brito
- Laboratório de Estudos em Química Aplicada (LEQA), Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Victor Marques Campos
- Laboratório de Estudos em Química Aplicada (LEQA), Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - André Henrique Barbosa Oliveira
- Laboratório de Estudos Ambientais (LEA), Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Gisele Simone Lopes
- Laboratório de Estudos em Química Aplicada (LEQA), Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Campus do Pici, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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2
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Petra de Oliveira Barros V, Macedo Silva JR, Maciel Melo VM, Terceiro PS, Nunes de Oliveira I, Duarte de Freitas J, Francisco da Silva Moura O, Xavier de Araújo-Júnior J, Erlanny da Silva Rodrigues E, Maraschin M, Thompson FL, Landell MF. Biosurfactants production by marine yeasts isolated from zoanthids and characterization of an emulsifier produced by Yarrowia lipolytica LMS 24B. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 355:141807. [PMID: 38552803 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
The present study investigates the potential for biosurfactant production of 19 marine yeast species obtained from zoanthids. Using the emulsification index test to screen the samples produced by the marine yeasts, we verified that five isolates exhibited an emulsification index ≥50%. Additional tests were performed on such isolates, including oil displacement, drop collapse, Parafilm M assay, and surface tension measurement. The tolerance of produced biosurfactants for environmental conditions was also analyzed, especially considering the media's temperature, pH, and salinity. Moreover, the surfactant's ability to emulsify different hydrocarbon sources and to metabolize kerosene as the sole carbon source was evaluated in vitro. Our results demonstrate that yeast biosurfactants can emulsify hydrocarbon sources under different physicochemical conditions and metabolize kerosene as a carbon source. Considering the Yarrowia lipolytica LMS 24B as the yeast model for biosurfactant production from the cell's wall biomass, emulsification indexes of 61.2% were obtained, even at a high temperature of 120 °C. Furthermore, the Fourier-transform middle infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of the biosurfactant's chemical composition revealed the presence of distinct functional groups assigned to a glycoprotein complex. Considering the status of developing new bioproducts and bioprocesses nowadays, our findings bring a new perspective to biosurfactant production by marine yeasts, especially Y. lipolytica LMS 24B. In particular, the presented results validate the relevance of marine environments as valuable sources of genetic resources, i.e., yeast strains capable of metabolizing and emulsifying petroleum derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitória Petra de Oliveira Barros
- Graduate Program in Genetics. Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | | | - Vânia Maria Maciel Melo
- Department of Biology, Microbial Ecology and Biotechnology Laboratory (Lembiotech), Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcelo Maraschin
- Plant Morphogenesis and Biochemistry Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Melissa Fontes Landell
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil.
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3
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de Souza Dias da Silva MF, Zanardi-Lamardo E, Valcarcel Rojas LA, de Oliveira Alves MD, Chimendes da Silva Neves V, de Araújo ME. Traces of oil in sea turtle feces. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 200:116088. [PMID: 38309176 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
In 2019, an oil spill hit the Brazilian Northeast coast causing impact to several ecosystems, including sea turtles' breeding and feeding areas. This study aimed to investigate whether sea turtles were impacted by this oil disaster, correlating the oil found inside feces with a sandy-oiled sample collected on the beach some days after the accident. The fecal samples were collected in the upper mid-littoral reef areas during three consecutive days in February 2020. The results suggested that sea turtles consumed algae contaminated by petroleum. Hydrocarbons composition of oil inside feces was similar to the sandy-oiled sample, suggesting they were the same. Lighter aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic compounds were missing, indicating both sandy-oiled and oil inside the feces had experienced significant evaporation prior to collection. Although the long-term damage is still unknown, the data are novel and relevant to support future research and alert authorities about the risks to sea turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Felipe de Souza Dias da Silva
- Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências, Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Arquitetura, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50740-550, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Eliete Zanardi-Lamardo
- Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências, Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Arquitetura, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50740-550, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Lino Angel Valcarcel Rojas
- Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências, Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Arquitetura, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50740-550, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Maria Danise de Oliveira Alves
- Faculdade Frassinetti do Recife, Av. Conde da Boa Vista, 921, Recife 50060-002, Pernambuco, Brazil; Associação de Pesquisa e Preservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos - AQUASIS, Av. Pintor João Figueiredo - SESC - Iparana, Caucaia, 61627-250, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Elisabeth de Araújo
- Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências, Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Arquitetura, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife 50740-550, Pernambuco, Brazil
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4
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Choueri RB, de Souza Abessa DM, de Carvalho MU, Pazini B, Zanardi-Lamardo E, Rojas LAV, de Carvalho PSM, de Andrade NVM, de Souza Santos LP, Ferraz MA, Alves AV, Castro ÍB. PAH residues and toxicity levels two years after an extensive oil spill on the northeast Brazilian coast. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 200:116063. [PMID: 38278019 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The most extensive oil spill ever recorded in tropical oceans occurred between August 2019 and March 2020, affecting approximately 3000 km of the Brazilian coast. This study assessed the chemical contamination and toxicity of sediments collected from affected reef areas during two sampling surveys conducted 17 and 24 months after the peak of oil slick inputs. Our results indicated that neither PAH levels nor measured toxicity showed a significant contribution from the spilled oil, with concentrations and biological effects indistinguishable from those in unaffected areas. Similarly, no differences were observed between seasons. Furthermore, there was no discernible relationship between sediment toxicity results and the measured PAH concentrations. Therefore, while biological responses indicated toxicity in most assessed areas, these responses are likely related to other local sources. This evidence suggests a natural oil attenuation process contributing to local environmental recovery. Nonetheless, further investigation is needed for other areas affected by oil spills.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Denis Moledo de Souza Abessa
- Campus do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - Unesp, São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Maysa Ueda de Carvalho
- Campus do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho - Unesp, São Vicente, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca Pazini
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (IMAR-UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Eliete Zanardi-Lamardo
- Laboratório de Compostos Orgânicos em Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos (OrganoMAR) - Departamento de Oceanografia, Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências (CTG), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Lino Angel Valcárcel Rojas
- Laboratório de Compostos Orgânicos em Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos (OrganoMAR) - Departamento de Oceanografia, Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências (CTG), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Paulo Sérgio Martins de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Compostos Orgânicos em Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos (OrganoMAR) - Departamento de Oceanografia, Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências (CTG), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Nycolle Virgínia Maux de Andrade
- Laboratório de Cultivo e Ecotoxicologia (LACE) - Departamento de Oceanografia, Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências (CTG), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Lília Pereira de Souza Santos
- Laboratório de Cultivo e Ecotoxicologia (LACE) - Departamento de Oceanografia, Centro de Tecnologia e Geociências (CTG), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Vecchio Alves
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (IMAR-UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ítalo Braga Castro
- Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (IMAR-UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil.
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5
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Lemos LS, Attademo FLN, de Paiva LH, Costa AF, Reis LMA, de Oliveira Luna F, Hauser-Davis RA, Siciliano S. Metal and metalloid maternal transfer in a newborn West Indian manatee (Trichechus manatus) two years after the northeastern oil spill disaster of 2019 in Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 200:116147. [PMID: 38377864 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
A large-scale oil spill along the northeastern Brazilian coast in 2019-2020 severely impacted primary manatee habitats in Brazil. This study aimed to assess metal and metalloid contamination in a dead manatee calf found following this oil spill. Several elements were detected, including chromium, iron, nickel, lead, and vanadium, which are crude oil components, and thallium, a component of dispersants used to degrade and dissipate crude oil. The presence of these contaminants in the manatee calf is indicative of maternal exposure, metabolism, and newborn transference via placenta and lactation. This is the first report of mother-calf metal transfer in manatees, highlighting the species' vulnerability and potential long-term population dynamics effects, and the first report for several metals and metalloids in these animals, laying the foundation for future research efforts. These findings highlight the urgent need for continued environmental monitoring, ecotoxicological assessments, and conservation initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila S Lemos
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st St, North Miami, FL 33181, United States.
| | - Fernanda L N Attademo
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Aquáticos (ICMBio/CMA), Santos, SP, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Zoologia, Laboratório de Ecologia, Comportamento e Conservação, Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, s/n. Cidade Universitária, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Lauro Henrique de Paiva
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Aquáticos (ICMBio/CMA), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandra F Costa
- Instituto Bicho D'água: Conservação Socioambiental and Grupo de Estudos de Mamíferos Aquáticos da Amazônia (GEMAM), Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Laura M A Reis
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio/COMOB), Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Fábia de Oliveira Luna
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Aquáticos (ICMBio/CMA), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, Brazil.
| | - Salvatore Siciliano
- Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública/Fiocruz, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1.480 - sala 10, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil; Grupo de Estudos de Mamíferos Marinhos da Região dos Lagos, GEMM-Lagos, Araruama, RJ, Brazil
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6
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Sun J, Gao F, Hu J, Qi Z, Huang Y, Guo Y, Chen Y, Wei J, Zhang H, Pang Q, Wang H, Zhang X. Superhydrophilic and oleophobic sponges prepared based on Mussel-Inspired chemistry for efficient oil-water separation. Chem Asian J 2024:e202300962. [PMID: 38214502 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Superhydrophilic/oleophobic materials are considered to be the best materials for achieving oil-water separation, but their preparation is difficult and the existing methods are not universal. In this paper, a two-step modification strategy was used to prepare superhydrophilic/oleophobic sponges by adjusting the polar and nonpolar components of the materials using mussel-inspired chemistry. While remaining superhydrophilic, the modified sponge surface has a maximum contact angle of 135° with different oils in air. The modified sponge exhibited superoleophobicity in water, and the contact angle of oil could reach more than 150°. In addition, the modified sponges were also reusable, chemically stable, and mechanically durable. Its oil-water separation flux was up to 24900 Lm-2 h-1 bar-1 , and the separation efficiency was above 97 %. We believe that this method will provide an environmentally friendly and efficient way to prepare the superhydrophilic/oleophobic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianteng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
- Cangzhou Institute of Tiangong University, Cangzhou, 061000, China
| | - Feng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Jingwen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Zhixian Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Yue Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
- Cangzhou Institute of Tiangong University, Cangzhou, 061000, China
| | - Yonggui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
- Cangzhou Institute of Tiangong University, Cangzhou, 061000, China
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
- Cangzhou Institute of Tiangong University, Cangzhou, 061000, China
| | - Junfu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
- Cangzhou Institute of Tiangong University, Cangzhou, 061000, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Qianchan Pang
- Research Center of Modern Analysis Technology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Huicai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, China
- Cangzhou Institute of Tiangong University, Cangzhou, 061000, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Research Center of Modern Analysis Technology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
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7
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Iqbal S, Sohail M, Fang S, Ding J, Shen L, Chen M, Shu G, Du YZ, Ji J. Biomaterials evolution: from inert to instructive. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:6109-6115. [PMID: 37591802 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00322a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The field of biomaterials has experienced substantial evolution in recent years, driven by advancements in materials science and engineering. This has led to an expansion of the biomaterials definition to include biocompatibility, bioactivity, bioderived materials, and biological tissues. Consequently, the intended performance of biomaterials has shifted from a passive role wherein a biomaterial is merely accepted by the body to an active role wherein a biomaterial instructs its biological environment. In the future, the integration of bioinspired designs and dynamic behavior into fabrication technologies will revolutionize the field of biomaterials. This perspective presents the recent advances in the evolution of biomaterials in fabrication technologies and provides a brief insight into smart biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Iqbal
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China.
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Muhammad Sohail
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China.
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Shiji Fang
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China.
| | - Jiayi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China.
| | - Lin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China.
| | - Minjiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China.
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Gaofeng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China.
| | - Yong-Zhong Du
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Jiansong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, 323000, China.
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8
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Soares MO, Pereira PHC, Feitosa CV, Maggioni R, Rocha RS, Bezerra LEA, Duarte OS, Paiva SV, Noleto-Filho E, Silva MQM, Csapo-Thomaz M, Garcia TM, Arruda Júnior JPV, Cottens KF, Vinicius B, Araújo R, Eirado CBD, Santos LPS, Guimarães TCS, Targino CH, Amorim-Reis Filho J, Santos WCRD, Klautau AGCDM, Gurjão LMD, Machado DAN, Maia RC, Santos ES, Sabry R, Asp N, Carneiro PBM, Rabelo EF, Tavares TCL, Lima GVD, Sampaio CLS, Rocha LA, Ferreira CEL, Giarrizzo T. Lessons from the invasion front: Integration of research and management of the lionfish invasion in Brazil. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 340:117954. [PMID: 37119623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
After successful invasions in the Caribbean and Mediterranean, lionfish (Pterois spp.) have recently invaded another important biogeographical region -the Brazilian Province. In this article, we discuss this new invasion, focusing on a roadmap for urgent mitigation of the problem, as well as focused research and management strategies. The invasion in Brazil is already in the consolidation stage, with 352 individuals recorded so far (2020-2023) along 2766 km of coastline. This includes both juveniles and adults, including egg-bearing females, ranging in length from 9.1 to 38.5 cm. Until now, most of the records in the Brazilian coast occurred in the equatorial southwestern Atlantic (99%), mainly on the Amazon mesophotic reefs (15% of the records), northeastern coast of Brazil (45%), and the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (41%; an UNESCO World Heritage Site with high endemism rate). These records cover a broad depth range (1-110 m depth), twelve protected areas, eight Brazilian states (Amapá, Pará, Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, and Pernambuco) and multiple habitats (i.e., mangrove estuaries, shallow-water and mesophotic reefs, seagrass beds, artificial reefs, and sandbanks), indicating a rapid and successful invasion process in Brazilian waters. In addition, the lack of local knowledge of rare and/or cryptic native species that are potentially vulnerable to lionfish predation raises concerns regarding the potential overlooked ecological impacts. Thus, we call for an urgent integrated approach with multiple stakeholders and solution-based ecological research, real-time inventories, update of environmental and fishery legislation, participatory monitoring supported by citizen science, and a national and unified plan aimed at decreasing the impact of lionfish invasion. The experience acquired by understanding the invasion process in the Caribbean and Mediterranean will help to establish and prioritize goals for Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo O Soares
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Avenida da Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, Brazil; Reef Systems Group, Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Bremen, Germany; Center for Marine and Environmental Studies (CMES), University of the Virgin Islands, Saint Thomas, United States Virgin Islands, USA.
| | - Pedro H C Pereira
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Avenida da Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, Brazil; Projeto Conservação Recifal (PCR), Recife, Brazil
| | - Caroline V Feitosa
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Avenida da Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Maggioni
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Avenida da Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Rafael S Rocha
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Avenida da Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Luis Ernesto Arruda Bezerra
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Avenida da Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Oscar S Duarte
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Avenida da Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Sandra V Paiva
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Avenida da Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Eurico Noleto-Filho
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Avenida da Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Maiara Queiroz M Silva
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Avenida da Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Mayra Csapo-Thomaz
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Avenida da Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Tatiane M Garcia
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Avenida da Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bruno Vinicius
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), Brazil
| | - Ricardo Araújo
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade (ICMBio), Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - José Amorim-Reis Filho
- ICHTUS Environment & Society, Salvador, BA, 41830-600, Brazil; Graduate Studies Program in Ecology: Theory, Application and Values, Federal University of Bahia, 40170-115, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lívio Moreira de Gurjão
- Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA), Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Rafaela Camargo Maia
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará (IFCE), Campus Acaraú, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Soares Santos
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará (IFCE), Campus Aracati, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Rachel Sabry
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará (IFCE), Campus Aracati, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Nils Asp
- Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Campus Bragança, Bragança, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tallita C L Tavares
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Avenida da Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luiz A Rocha
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, USA
| | - Carlos E L Ferreira
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação de Ambientes Recifais (LECAR), Departamento de Biologia Marinha, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tommaso Giarrizzo
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Avenida da Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, Brazil; Núcleo de Ecologia Aquática e Pesca da Amazônia (NEAP), Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, PA, Brazil
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9
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Pereira PHF, Fernandes L, Jesus HE, Costa PG, Lacerda CHF, Mies M, Bianchini A, Santos HF. The Impact of Highly Weathered Oil from the Most Extensive Oil Spill in Tropical Oceans (Brazil) on the Microbiome of the Coral Mussismilia harttii. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1935. [PMID: 37630495 PMCID: PMC10458584 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2019, the largest oil spill ever recorded in tropical oceans in terms of extent occurred in Brazil. The oil from the spill was collected directly from the environment and used in an exposure experiment with the endangered reef-building coral Mussismilia harttii. The treatments of the experiment were control (without oil), 1% oil, 2.5% oil, and direct contact of coral with oil. The most abundant hydrocarbon in the seawater of the experiment was phenatrene, which is toxic to corals. However, overall, the concentration of PAHs was not very high. The analysis of the maximum photosynthetic capacity of Symbiodiniaceae dinoflagellates showed a small impact of oil on corals, mainly on the contact treatment. However, coral microbiomes were affected in all oil treatments, with the contact treatment showing the most pronounced impact. A greater number and abundance of stress-indicating and potentially pathogenic bacteria were found in all oil treatments. Finally, this highly weathered oil that had lain in the ocean for a long time was carrying potentially coral-pathogenic bacteria within the Vibrionaceae family and was able to transmit some of these bacteria to corals. Bacteria within Vibrionaceae are the main causes of disease in different species of corals and other marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Henrique F. Pereira
- Department of Marine Biology, Fluminense Federal University—UFF, St. Professor Marcos Waldemar de Freitas Reis, Niterói 24210-201, RJ, Brazil; (P.H.F.P.); (L.F.); (H.E.J.)
| | - Luanny Fernandes
- Department of Marine Biology, Fluminense Federal University—UFF, St. Professor Marcos Waldemar de Freitas Reis, Niterói 24210-201, RJ, Brazil; (P.H.F.P.); (L.F.); (H.E.J.)
| | - Hugo E. Jesus
- Department of Marine Biology, Fluminense Federal University—UFF, St. Professor Marcos Waldemar de Freitas Reis, Niterói 24210-201, RJ, Brazil; (P.H.F.P.); (L.F.); (H.E.J.)
| | - Patricia G. Costa
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande—FURG, Av. Itália, s/n, Carreiros, Rio Grande 96203-900, RS, Brazil; (P.G.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Carlos H. F. Lacerda
- Instituto Coral Vivo, Rua dos Coqueiros, 87, Santa Cruz Cabrália 45807-000, BA, Brazil; (C.H.F.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Miguel Mies
- Instituto Coral Vivo, Rua dos Coqueiros, 87, Santa Cruz Cabrália 45807-000, BA, Brazil; (C.H.F.L.); (M.M.)
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo, Praça do Oceanográfico, 191, São Paulo 05508-120, SP, Brazil
| | - Adalto Bianchini
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande—FURG, Av. Itália, s/n, Carreiros, Rio Grande 96203-900, RS, Brazil; (P.G.C.); (A.B.)
- Instituto Coral Vivo, Rua dos Coqueiros, 87, Santa Cruz Cabrália 45807-000, BA, Brazil; (C.H.F.L.); (M.M.)
| | - Henrique F. Santos
- Department of Marine Biology, Fluminense Federal University—UFF, St. Professor Marcos Waldemar de Freitas Reis, Niterói 24210-201, RJ, Brazil; (P.H.F.P.); (L.F.); (H.E.J.)
- Instituto Coral Vivo, Rua dos Coqueiros, 87, Santa Cruz Cabrália 45807-000, BA, Brazil; (C.H.F.L.); (M.M.)
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10
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Soares MO, Rabelo EF. Severe ecological impacts caused by one of the worst orphan oil spills worldwide. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 187:105936. [PMID: 36958200 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.105936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Orphan oil spills pose a severe risk to ocean sustainability; however, they are understudied. We provide the first synthetic assessment of short-term ecological impacts of the most extensive oil spill in tropical oceans, which affected 2900 km of Brazil's coastline in 2019. Oil ingestion, changes in sex ratio and size of animals, morphological abnormalities of larvae and eggs, mutagenic, behavioral, and morphological alterations, contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and mortality were detected. A decrease in species richness and abundance of oil-sensitive animals, an increase in opportunistic and oil-tolerant organisms, and simplification of communities was observed. The impacts were observed in sponges, corals, mollusks, crustaceans, polychaetes, echinoderms, turtles, birds, fish, and mammals. The majority of studies were conducted on bioindicator substrate-associated organisms, with 68.4% of the studies examining the benthos, 21.2% the nekton, and 10.4% the plankton. Moreover, most of the current short-term impacts assessment studies were focused on the species level (66.7%), with fewer studies on the community level (19%), and even fewer on oil-affected ecosystems (14.3%). Oil-related impacts were detected in five sensitive habitats, including blue-carbon ecosystems (e.g., mangroves and seagrass beds) and coastal reefs. These results call for the development of new ocean-basin observation systems for orphan spills. Finally, we discuss how these mysterious oil spills from unknown sources pose a risk to sustainable development goals and ocean-based actions to tackle global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo O Soares
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Brazil; Reef Systems Group, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Bremen, Germany; Center for Marine and Environmental Studies (CMES), University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands.
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11
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Santana JL, Rios AS, Calado TCS, Zanardi-Lamardo E, Souza-Filho JF. Reef crab population changes after oil spill disaster reach Brazilian tropical environments. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 183:114047. [PMID: 36029584 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The oil spill that reached Brazilian Coast in 2019 was one of the most extensive disasters and its effects on distinct species are still under investigation. This study evaluated the effects of the oil spill on the crab Pachygrapsus transversus in four reef areas in Northeast of Brazil that are also under different levels of chronic anthropogenic impacts. Changes in population aspects were investigated including maturity, sex ratio, and relative growth considering periods before and after the oil spill. An acute decrease in the number of females captured in areas most affected by oil spill was evident and may be associated with the closure of burrows used for protection. Crabs from the most touristic area presented a decrease in the medium size of carapace and maturation compared to crabs from other less visited areas, which highlights the importance of studying the effects of impacts on marine fauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna L Santana
- Laboratório de Carcinologia - Museu de Oceanografia Petrônio Alves Coelho, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (MOUFPE), Av. Arquitetura, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50740-550 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Laboratório de Compostos Orgânicos em Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos (OrganoMAR) - Departamento de Oceanografia, Av. Arquitetura, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50740-550 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Aline S Rios
- Laboratório de Carcinologia - Museu de Oceanografia Petrônio Alves Coelho, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (MOUFPE), Av. Arquitetura, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50740-550 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia de Crustáceos - Departamento de Zoologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Professor Moraes Rego, 1235 - Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Tereza Cristina S Calado
- Laboratório de Carcinologia - Laboratórios Integrados de Ciências do Mar e Naturais, Universidade Federal de Alagoas (LABMAR/UFAL), Rua Aristeu de Andrade, 452, Farol, 57021-090 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Eliete Zanardi-Lamardo
- Laboratório de Compostos Orgânicos em Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos (OrganoMAR) - Departamento de Oceanografia, Av. Arquitetura, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50740-550 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Jesser F Souza-Filho
- Laboratório de Carcinologia - Museu de Oceanografia Petrônio Alves Coelho, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (MOUFPE), Av. Arquitetura, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50740-550 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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12
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Almeida JAGR, Guedes-Santos J, Vieira FAS, Azevedo AK, Souza CN, Pinheiro BR, Correia RA, Malhado ACM, Ladle RJ. Public awareness and engagement in relation to the coastal oil spill in northeast Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20210395. [PMID: 35830093 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220210395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Social media data is a rich source of information to assess human activities in catastrophic events. Here, we use social media data to understand how the 2019 Brazilian oil spill influenced social attitudes. Data were collected from the globally popular Instagram platform between August 1, 2019 and March 1, 2020. First, we manually identified the 5 most popular (portuguese language) hashtags related to the oil spill #oleonononordeste; #desastreambiental; #marsemoleo; #sosnordeste; #marsempetroleo. In the sequence, we collected information on captions, post metadata and users associated with posts retrieved using the selected hashtags. We identified a total of 7,413 posts. These posts were grouped in topics: government (47.76%), protest (24.37%), volunteers (24.45%), biodiversity (0.003%), origin (0.006%), tourism (0.008%) and others (0.016%). All topics had the peak of posts in October and November 2019. Nevertheless, interest in the oil spill was temporary, with most posts appearing in the 2-4 months after the beginning of the disaster. Our findings illustrate the enormous potential of using social media data for understanding and monitoring human engagement with environmental disasters, but also suggest that conservationists and environmental groups may only have a limited 'window of opportunity' to engage and mobilize public support for remediation and restoration efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- João A G R Almeida
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Conservação no Século 21, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, 57072-900 Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Jhonatan Guedes-Santos
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Conservação no Século 21, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, 57072-900 Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Felipe A S Vieira
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Conservação no Século 21, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, 57072-900 Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Anna K Azevedo
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Conservação no Século 21, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, 57072-900 Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Carolina N Souza
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Conservação no Século 21, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, 57072-900 Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Barbara R Pinheiro
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Conservação no Século 21, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, 57072-900 Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A Correia
- University of Helsinki, Finland Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science, Department of Geosciences and Geography, Helsinki Lab of Interdisciplinary Conservation Science, 00014 Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Universidade de Aveiro, DBIO & CESAM/Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana C M Malhado
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Conservação no Século 21, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, 57072-900 Maceió, AL, Brazil.,Universidade do Porto, CIBIO/Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Rua Padre Armando, 4480-661 Vila do Conde, Vairão, Portugal.,BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Richard J Ladle
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Instituto de Ciência Biológicas e da Saúde, Laboratório de Conservação no Século 21, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Tabuleiro do Martins, 57072-900 Maceió, AL, Brazil.,Universidade do Porto, CIBIO/Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Rua Padre Armando, 4480-661 Vila do Conde, Vairão, Portugal.,BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
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13
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da Rosa LC. Sandy beach macroinfauna response to the worst oil spill in Brazilian coast: No evidence of an acute impact. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 180:113753. [PMID: 35598511 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study provides the first assessment of the impact of the worst oil spill ever faced by Brazilian sandy beaches by analyzing changes in the community structure of intertidal macroinfauna. Four sandy beaches were sampled three times after the oil spill, and the results were compared with previous data. The first sampling, conducted 15 days after the oil spill (October 2019), showed higher abundance of macroinfauna, which decreased in subsequent sampling conducted 60 and 120 days later, but never reached a lower level than in previous sampling. Of the macroinfauna species, Scolelepis sp. was most abundant in October 2019, while Donax gemmula was predominant during the other time periods. Changes observed in macroinfauna were due to natural fluctuations rather than a response to this disturbance. Characteristics of both the oil spill and macroinfauna contributed to the lack of acute impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Cruz da Rosa
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Bentônica, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE 49100-000, Brazil.
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14
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Ferreira BMP, Bonfim CVDO, Raposo IPA, Quinamo TS, Campos LHRDE. Socio-environmental disasters and their impacts: socioeconomic consequences of the oil spill in the northeast region of Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20210399. [PMID: 35730896 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220210399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2019 oil spill was the biggest in Brazilian history. Oil was found along more than 3,000 km of the Brazilian coastline, mainly in the Northeast, in more than 1,000 localities. This article analyzes the disaster's damage using a sample of interviewers who were impacted - fishers, tourism and beach hawkers - distributed along 40 of the affected municipalities in the Northeast Region of Brazil. The socio-economic indicators obtained by the research show that the impacts were not homogeneous between the segments and cities researched. Localities specialized in tourism and with a workforce relatively more specialized in fishing were the most affected. Accordingly, the populations of fishers and beach hawkers suffered the most severe impacts in terms of income reduction and the sale of products. These agents report a negative impact of the disaster on their work activities of 73% (fishers) and 65% (beach vendors), while the lodging and food sectors reported losses in about 38% of the cases. The interviewees' health indicators demonstrated that the volunteers at the oil spill clean- up suffered damage due to the exposure experienced, evidencing the public health emergency dimension of the disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz M P Ferreira
- Fundação Joaquim Nabuco, Diretoria de Pesquisas Sociais, Ed. Anexo Anísio Teixeira, Rua Dois Irmãos, 92, Apipucos, 52071-440 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Cristine V DO Bonfim
- Fundação Joaquim Nabuco, Diretoria de Pesquisas Sociais, Ed. Anexo Anísio Teixeira, Rua Dois Irmãos, 92, Apipucos, 52071-440 Recife, PE, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Hospital das Clínicas, Bloco E, 4° andar, Av. Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Isabel P A Raposo
- Fundação Joaquim Nabuco, Diretoria de Pesquisas Sociais, Ed. Anexo Anísio Teixeira, Rua Dois Irmãos, 92, Apipucos, 52071-440 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Tarcisio S Quinamo
- Fundação Joaquim Nabuco, Diretoria de Pesquisas Sociais, Ed. Anexo Anísio Teixeira, Rua Dois Irmãos, 92, Apipucos, 52071-440 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Luís Henrique R DE Campos
- Fundação Joaquim Nabuco, Diretoria de Pesquisas Sociais, Ed. Anexo Anísio Teixeira, Rua Dois Irmãos, 92, Apipucos, 52071-440 Recife, PE, Brazil
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15
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Abstract
Plastic debris is a ubiquitous pollutant on the sea surface. To date, substantial research efforts focused on the detection of plastic accumulation zones. Here, a different paradigm is proposed: looking for crossroad regions through which large amounts of plastic debris flow. This approach is applied to the Mediterranean Sea, massively polluted but lacking in zones of high plastic concentration. The most extensive dataset of plastic measurements in this region to date is combined with an advanced numerical plastic-tracking model. Around 20% of Mediterranean plastic debris released every year passed through about 1% of the basin surface. The most important crossroads intercepted plastic debris from multiple sources, which had often traveled long distances. The detection of these spots could foster understanding of plastic transport and help mitigation strategies. Moreover, the general applicability and the soundness of the crossroad approach can promote its application to the study of other pollutants. Plastic pollution in seas is widespread, but some areas lack the high concentrations of plastic debris. Here the authors identified places where large amounts of plastic debris pass in the Mediterranean Sea thus helping to study plastic dispersion in regions where plastic debris does not accumulate, and a tool for mitigation strategies.
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16
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Soares MO, Teixeira CEP, Bezerra LEA, Rabelo EF, Castro IB, Cavalcante RM. The most extensive oil spill registered in tropical oceans (Brazil): the balance sheet of a disaster. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:19869-19877. [PMID: 35061174 PMCID: PMC8776981 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18710-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a synthesis of information about the massive oil spill in Brazil (2019/2020). The event affected 11 states; however, the majority of the oil residue was collected (~ 5380 tons) near nine states (99.8%) in northeastern Brazil. This spill was not the largest in volume (between 5000 m3 and 12,000 m3) recorded in tropical oceans, but it was the most extensive (2890 km). This spill develops an overwashed tar that remains mostly in the undersurface drift (non-floating oil plume) below 17 m of depth while on the continental shelf. Ten ecosystems were impacted, with potentially more severe effects in mangroves and seagrasses. Certain negative effects are still understudied, such as effects on tropical reefs and rhodolith beds. A total of 57 protected areas in seven management categories were affected, most of which (60%) were characterized as multiple-use regions. The spill affected at least 34 threatened species, with impacts detected on plankton and benthic communities. Acute impacts were reported on echinoderms, coral symbionts, polychaetes, and sponges with evidence of oil ingestion. Socioeconomic impacts were detected in food security, public health, lodging, gender equality, tourism, and fishing, with reduced sales, prices, tourist attractiveness, gross domestic product, and employment. Moreover, chemical contamination was detected in some states by toxic metals (Hg, As, Cd, Pb, and Zn) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (acenaphthalene, fluoranthene, fluorene, naphthalene, and phenanthrene). This summary aims to aid in the design of science-based strategies to understand the impacts and develop strategies for the most extensive spill observed in tropical oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Oliveira Soares
- Instituto de Ciências Do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal Do Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Brazil.
- Reef Systems Group, Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Bremen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | - Italo Braga Castro
- Instituto Do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, Brazil
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17
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Fernandes GM, Martins DA, Dos Santos RP, de Santiago IS, Nascimento LS, Oliveira AHB, Yamamoto FY, Cavalcante RM. Levels, source appointment, and ecological risk of petroleum hydrocarbons in tropical coastal ecosystems (northeast Brazil): Baseline for future monitoring programmes of an oil spill area. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 296:118709. [PMID: 34942290 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We reviewed 20 years of levels, sources, and environmental risks related to the main petroleum hydrocarbons in the northeast region of Brazil. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review to serve as a comprehensive baseline for future monitoring programmes related to the oil spill disaster in 2019/2020. Most contamination levels of both PAHs and AHs were classified as low, except those in specific areas influenced by human activities, such as ports, highly urbanised mangroves, or rivers of medium-sized cities with inadequate liquid and solid waste treatment. Most hydrocarbons were linked to natural sources and burning processes, except in regions of extraction activities and petrochemical facilities as well as highly urbanised areas, where degraded petroleum and oil hydrocarbons predominated. Only 2.5% of the samples exceeded threshold effect levels for ∑16-PAHs and no samples exceeded probable effect levels. When regional threshold levels were used, however, the probable effect for the ∑16-PAHs measured was high, ranging from 5.8 to 6.1%. The few studies reporting biological responses showed that hydrocarbons from anthropogenic sources can induce adverse effects on marine organisms even at low to moderate levels. As the region has recently received a considerable quantity of crude oil, studies should be prioritised for a more precise assessment of the impact of this oil spill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle M Fernandes
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Davi A Martins
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rafael P Dos Santos
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ithala S de Santiago
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lorena S Nascimento
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - André H B Oliveira
- Environmental Studies Laboratory (LEA), Federal University of Ceará - Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry Dpto, Campus do Pici s/n, Bloco 938/939, Brazil
| | - Flávia Y Yamamoto
- Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Vicente, Brazil
| | - Rivelino M Cavalcante
- Laboratory for Assessment of Organic Contaminants (LACOr), Institute of Marine Sciences, Federal University of Ceará (LABOMAR-UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207-Meireles, CEP: 60165-081, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
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BONTEMPO FILHO EDUARDOB, COUTINHO ROBERTOQ, BARBOSA JOSÉANTONIO, BARCELLOS ROBERTOL, GIACHETI HERALDOLUIZ, RAMOS GERMANOMÁRIOS. Temporal monitoring of contamination in three sandy beaches from the 2019 oil spill near Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Northeastern Brazil. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220210513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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19
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SANTOS MARIANAOLÍVIASDOS, SANTOS CAROLINEP, ALVES MARIAJOSÉC, GONÇALVES JOSÉERIVALDO, GURGEL IDÊG. Oil in Northeast Brazil: mapping conflicts and impacts of the largest disaster on the country’s coast. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20220014. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220220014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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20
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MIRANDA RICARDOJ, PINTO TACIANAK, LOPES ROSYV, SANTOS JANISSONW, SAMPAIO CLÁUDIOL, SANTOS ROBSONG, PEREIRA PEDROH, CARDOSO ANDREIT, MALHADO ANAC, LADLE RICHARDJ. Oil Spill Disaster in Southwest Atlantic Coast: an Evaluation of Short-Term Effects on Coral Reef Benthic Assemblages. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220210401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- RICARDO J. MIRANDA
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - RICHARD J. LADLE
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Brazil; CIBIO - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Portugal
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21
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AZEVEDO ANNAKAROLINE, VIEIRA FELIPEA, GUEDES-SANTOS JHONATAN, GAIA JOÃOARTHUR, PINHEIRO BARBARAR, BRAGAGNOLO CHIARA, CORREIA RICARDOA, LADLE RICHARDJ, MALHADO ANAC. A big data approach to identify the loss of coastal cultural ecosystem services caused by the 2019 Brazilian oil spill disaster. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220210397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - RICARDO A. CORREIA
- University of Helsinki, Finland; University of Helsinki, Finland; University of Aveiro, Portugal
| | - RICHARD J. LADLE
- Federal University of Alagoas, Brazil; University of Porto, Portugal
| | - ANA C.M. MALHADO
- Federal University of Alagoas, Brazil; University of Porto, Portugal
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22
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Lira ALDO, Craveiro N, da Silva FF, Rosa Filho JS. Effects of contact with crude oil and its ingestion by the symbiotic polychaete Branchiosyllis living in sponges (Cinachyrella sp.) following the 2019 oil spill on the tropical coast of Brazil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 801:149655. [PMID: 34419904 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In August 2019, thousands of tons of crude oil from an unidentified source began washing up on the Brazilian coast, causing the most severe environmental disaster that has ever impacted the South Atlantic Ocean. Paiva beach, which has some of the best-preserved tropical coral reefs on the Brazilian coast, was one of the coastal environments most severely affected by this oil. We report on the impact of the disaster on the local population of the symbiotic polychaete Branchiosyllis spp. associated with the sponge Cinachyrella sp. Following the oil spill sponges were found with oil stains on their surface and in their channels, and oil droplets were identified among the grains of the sediment accumulated within these channels. During this same period, the polychaetes in sponges had oil droplets on the surface of the body or in their pharynxes. Solubility tests using mineral oil and Raman spectra indicated that these oil droplets, found in both the sponges and the polychaetes, had similar chemical characteristics to those of the crude oil that washed up on the beach. Following the disaster, the abundance of Branchiosyllis declined sharply, although there was no significant shift in the mean size of individuals. By December 2019, the density of polychaetes was significantly lower than in the preceding months (107.9 ± 28.31 ind.10 mL-1 of sponge in August 2019 vs. 18.62 ± 35.48 ind.10 mL-1 of sponge in December 2019). This abrupt reduction in abundance with no change in the mean size of the individuals indicates that mortality affected all size (age) classes similarly, which is typical of anthropogenic impacts rather than natural mortality. It is thus clear that the contamination of polychaetes with crude oil increased mortality, causing a significant reduction in the Branchiosyllis populations of the coral reefs of Paiva beach following the 2019 oil spill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anny Laura de Oliveira Lira
- LaBen, Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil.
| | - Nykon Craveiro
- LaBen, Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil
| | - Fausthon Fred da Silva
- LCCQS, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus Universitário I, S/N, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil
| | - José Souto Rosa Filho
- LaBen, Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil.
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23
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Gusmao JB, Albergaria-Barbosa ACR, Kikuchi RKP, Combi T. The barnacle Chthamalus bisinuatus is the only sessile invertebrate colonizing oil patches on beachrocks one year after a massive oil spill on the Northeastern Brazilian coast. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 173:112952. [PMID: 34536707 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A large-scale oil spill has reached over 3000 km of the NE Brazilian coast since August 2019. The cause and origin of this spill remain mysterious, and the impacts on coastal ecosystems have not been clearly understood so far. Despite the efforts to remove the oil (mainly from local communities), oil stains are still present in beaches, mangroves, and beachrocks. In this short report, we describe the occurrence of the barnacle Chthamalus bisinuatus Pilsbry, 1916 colonizing oil spill stains on intertidal surfaces of beachrocks one year after the first oil records. We quickly assessed oil stains across three different reefs located at the Conde municipality, Bahia (NE Brazil), where the species was identified and its density on oil stains calculated. The occurrence of barnacles in oil stains was restricted to zones in the wake of the reefs. Their densities varied from 0 to 238 ind./dm2, with an average of 34 ± 68 ind./dm2. If we account for dead individuals (empty barnacle plates), they correspond to 25.9% of the sampled population. The presence of oil possibly affected barnacle survival rates but did not seem to prevent barnacle individuals from reaching adult sizes. We also found individuals of the snail Echinolittorina lineolata (d'Orbigny, 1840) crawling on these barnacles, indicating that the barnacle assemblages on oil stains are stable enough to provide refuge for these snails. It is not clear if the presence of barnacles on oil reflects the resistance of these crustaceans to the oil toxicity or is just a result of a low substrate selectivity by the cypris larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Bosco Gusmao
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica: Petróleo e Meio Ambiente (POSPETRO), Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia (IGEO/UFBA), Bahia 40170-020, Brazil.
| | - Ana C R Albergaria-Barbosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica: Petróleo e Meio Ambiente (POSPETRO), Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia (IGEO/UFBA), Bahia 40170-020, Brazil; Departamento de Oceanografia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia (IGEO/UFBA), Bahia 40170-020, Brazil
| | - Ruy Kenji P Kikuchi
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia (IGEO/UFBA), Bahia 40170-020, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geologia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia (IGEO/UFBA), Bahia 40170-020, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Combi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geoquímica: Petróleo e Meio Ambiente (POSPETRO), Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia (IGEO/UFBA), Bahia 40170-020, Brazil; Departamento de Oceanografia, Instituto de Geociências, Universidade Federal da Bahia (IGEO/UFBA), Bahia 40170-020, Brazil.
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24
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Soares EC, Bispo MD, Vasconcelos VC, Soletti JI, Carvalho SHV, de Oliveira MJ, Dos Santos MC, Dos Santos Freire E, Nogueira ASP, da Silva Cunha FA, Sandes RDD, Dos Santos RAR, Neta MTSL, Narain N, Garcia CAB, da Costa SSL, Santos JCC. Oil impact on the environment and aquatic organisms on the coasts of the states of Alagoas and Sergipe, Brazil - A preliminary evaluation. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 171:112723. [PMID: 34303055 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The oil spill off the coast of the Brazilian Northeast region is one of the most significant global events regarding contamination and environmental impact in recent years. This work evaluates the effects of oil spills on the Northeast coasts between Alagoas and Sergipe states from October 2019 to January 2020. Analysis of some sampling points of seawater revealed the presence of Hg, Cd, Pb, and Cu in levels above the maximum concentration limits established by the Brazilian legislation. For water quality parameters, phosphorus, nitrite, and turbidity showed statistically different values. However, the chromatographic profiles of oil obtained from different beaches were quite similar. Seawater, fishes, and massunins (bivalve) presented the main polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: naphthalene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, fluorene, and acenaphthalene. Therefore, the concentration of organic and inorganic contaminants determined in different environmental locations served as a subsidy to assess the effect of the preliminary oil spill on the Brazilian coast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerson Carlos Soares
- Laboratory of Water Analyzes and Aquaculture (LAQUA), Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), CECA, 57100-000 Rio Largo, Brazil..
| | - Mozart Daltro Bispo
- Laboratory of Separation System and Process Optimization (LASSOP), Research Laboratory in Chemistry of Natural Products (LPQPN), Technology Center, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió, Alagoas 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Vivian Costa Vasconcelos
- Laboratory of Water Analyzes and Aquaculture (LAQUA), Agricultural Science Center, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), CECA, 57100-000 Rio Largo, Brazil
| | - João Inácio Soletti
- Laboratory of Separation System and Process Optimization (LASSOP), Research Laboratory in Chemistry of Natural Products (LPQPN), Technology Center, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió, Alagoas 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Sandra Helena Vieira Carvalho
- Laboratory of Separation System and Process Optimization (LASSOP), Research Laboratory in Chemistry of Natural Products (LPQPN), Technology Center, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Maceió, Alagoas 57072-970, Brazil
| | - Maria Janaína de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Instrumentation and Development in Analytical Chemistry (LINQA), Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Campus A.C. Simões, 57072-900 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Mayara Costa Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Instrumentation and Development in Analytical Chemistry (LINQA), Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Campus A.C. Simões, 57072-900 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Emerson Dos Santos Freire
- Laboratory of Instrumentation and Development in Analytical Chemistry (LINQA), Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Campus A.C. Simões, 57072-900 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Aryanna Sany Pinto Nogueira
- Laboratory of Instrumentation and Development in Analytical Chemistry (LINQA), Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Campus A.C. Simões, 57072-900 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Francisco Antônio da Silva Cunha
- Laboratory of Instrumentation and Development in Analytical Chemistry (LINQA), Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Campus A.C. Simões, 57072-900 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Rafael Donizete Dutra Sandes
- Laboratory of Flavor and Cromatographic Analysis (LAF), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Raquel Anne Ribeiro Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Flavor and Cromatographic Analysis (LAF), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Terezinha Santos Leite Neta
- Laboratory of Flavor and Cromatographic Analysis (LAF), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Narendra Narain
- Laboratory of Flavor and Cromatographic Analysis (LAF), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alexandre Borges Garcia
- Laboratory of Technology and Environmental Monitoring (LTMA), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Silvânio Silvério Lopes da Costa
- Laboratory of Technology and Environmental Monitoring (LTMA), Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Sergipe 49100-000, Brazil
| | - Josué Carinhanha Caldas Santos
- Laboratory of Instrumentation and Development in Analytical Chemistry (LINQA), Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL), Campus A.C. Simões, 57072-900 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil.
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25
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Oil Spills or Look-Alikes? Classification Rank of Surface Ocean Slick Signatures in Satellite Data. REMOTE SENSING 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/rs13173466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is a mathematically robust multivariate data analysis approach that is sometimes used for surface oil slick signature classification. Our goal is to rank the effectiveness of LDAs to differentiate oil spills from look-alike slicks. We explored multiple combinations of (i) variables (size information, Meteorological-Oceanographic (metoc), geo-location parameters) and (ii) data transformations (non-transformed, cube root, log10). Active and passive satellite-based measurements of RADARSAT, QuikSCAT, AVHRR, SeaWiFS, and MODIS were used. Results from two experiments are reported and discussed: (i) an investigation of 60 combinations of several attributes subjected to the same data transformation and (ii) a survey of 54 other data combinations of three selected variables subjected to different data transformations. In Experiment 1, the best discrimination was reached using ten cube-transformed attributes: ~85% overall accuracy using six pieces of size information, three metoc variables, and one geo-location parameter. In Experiment 2, two combinations of three variables tied as the most effective: ~81% of overall accuracy using area (log transformed), length-to-width ratio (log- or cube-transformed), and number of feature parts (non-transformed). After verifying the classification accuracy of 114 algorithms by comparing with expert interpretations, we concluded that applying different data transformations and accounting for metoc and geo-location attributes optimizes the accuracies of binary classifiers (oil spill vs. look-alike slicks) using the simple LDA technique.
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26
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Teixeira CEP, Cavalcante RM, Soares MO, Ribeiro FB, Bezerra LEA. Marine debris from the past - Contamination of the Brazilian shore by a WWII wreck. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 169:105345. [PMID: 33964671 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In 2018, unidentified packages appeared along approximately 1600 Km of the Brazilian coastline causing widespread pollution to beaches and danger to society. The packages were found to be bales of raw rubber ranging in size from 0.06 m³ to 3.4 m³ and weighing up to 200 kg. A few bales were marked with the stamp "Product of French Indochina" and colonized by the barnacle Lepas anatifera, an oceanic species. We found that unidentified packages are from a Second World War (WWII) shipwreck, and that the source is almost certainly the SS Rio Grande found at 5,762 m depth. Numerical simulations show that currents can carry out the bales from the SS Rio Grande to the beaches. We highlight transnational measures to study and protect the WWI shipwrecks because they represent an overlooked environmental risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Peres Teixeira
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Av. da Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Rivelino Martins Cavalcante
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Av. da Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Oliveira Soares
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Av. da Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Carrer de les Columnes, Cerdanyolla del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (DISTEBA), Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Felipe Bezerra Ribeiro
- Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Zoologia (Laboratório de Carcinologia), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luis Ernesto Arruda Bezerra
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Av. da Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Campelo RPDS, Lima CDMD, de Santana CS, Jonathan da Silva A, Neumann-Leitão S, Ferreira BP, Soares MDO, Melo Júnior MD, Melo PAMDC. Oil spills: The invisible impact on the base of tropical marine food webs. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 167:112281. [PMID: 33826988 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Brazilian oil spill, from August 2019 to January 2020, was considered the most extensive accident in tropical oceans. We estimated the concentration of oil droplets that may be available for ingestion by microzooplankton. The collection was carried out in three areas: estuarine plume, bay and reef (Tamandaré, Pernambuco coast). We highlight the contribution of coral larvae in the reef region, surpassing the copepods, evidencing a spawning event. Oil droplets were recorded in all the sampled areas, with a high numerical abundance in the plume. Traces of oil ingestion by Brachyura zoea and Calanoida, Paracalanidae and Oithonidae copepods were observed, suggesting that these groups might have an important role in the degradation and final destination of oil dispersed after spills. The vulnerability of the larval phases of crabs and reef-building corals has been hypothesized, suggesting that the negative effects of oil on zooplankton can affect the recruitment of benthic invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alef Jonathan da Silva
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Departamento de Hidrobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sigrid Neumann-Leitão
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo de Oliveira Soares
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Carrer de les Columnes, Edifici Z, Cerdanyolla del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain; DISTEBA, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Mauro de Melo Júnior
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Magalhães KM, Barros KVDS, Lima MCSD, Rocha-Barreira CDA, Rosa Filho JS, Soares MDO. Oil spill + COVID-19: A disastrous year for Brazilian seagrass conservation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 764:142872. [PMID: 33127134 PMCID: PMC7568772 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been the greatest global public health threat of the 21st century. Additionally, it has been challenging for the Brazilian shores that were recently (2019/2020) affected by the most extensive oil spill in the tropical oceans. Monitoring programs and studies about the economic, social and ecological consequences of the oil disaster were being carried out when the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic was declared, which has heavily affected Brazil. For Brazilian seagrasses conservation, this scenario is especially challenging. An estimated area of +325 km2 seagrass meadows was affected by the 2019 oil spill. However, this area is undoubtedly underestimated since seagrasses have not yet been adequately mapped along the 9000 km-long Brazilian coast. In addition to scientific budget cuts, the flexibilization of public and environmental policies in recent years and absence of systematic field surveys due to COVID-19 has increased the underestimation of affected seagrass areas and ecosystem service losses due to the oil spill. Efforts to understand and solve the oil spill crisis were forced to stop (or slow down) due to COVID-19 and the economic crisis, leaving ecosystems and society without answers or conditions to identify the source(s) that was/were responsible for this spill, mitigate the damage to poor communities, promote adequate impact assessment or restoration plans, or properly monitor the environment. Our results highlight that pandemic and large-scale environmental disasters may have had a synergistic effect on the economy (e.g., artisanal fisheries and tourism), public health and ecology, mainly due to government inaction, social inequality and poorly studied tropical ecosystems. The results of this study also demonstrate the need to analyze the short- and long-term impacts of the combined effects (oil spill + COVID-19) on the recovery of the economy and coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Matos Magalhães
- Área de Ecologia - Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, R. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n - Dois Irmãos, Recife CEP.52171-900, PE, Brazil; Programa de Pós Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, R. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n - Dois Irmãos, Recife CEP.52171-900, PE, Brazil.
| | - Kcrishna Vilanova de Souza Barros
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar-LABOMAR, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. da Abolição, 3207, Meireles, Fortaleza CEP.60.165-081, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria Cecília Santana de Lima
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, R. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n - Dois Irmãos, Recife CEP.52171-900, PE, Brazil
| | - Cristina de Almeida Rocha-Barreira
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar-LABOMAR, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. da Abolição, 3207, Meireles, Fortaleza CEP.60.165-081, CE, Brazil
| | - José Souto Rosa Filho
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Arquitetura, s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife CEP. 50740-550, PE, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo de Oliveira Soares
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar-LABOMAR, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. da Abolição, 3207, Meireles, Fortaleza CEP.60.165-081, CE, Brazil; (Associated researcher), Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Carrer de les Columnes, Edifici Z, Barcelona, Spain; (Visiting professor), Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (DISTEBA), Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy.
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29
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Craveiro N, de Almeida Alves RV, da Silva JM, Vasconcelos E, de Almeida Alves-Junior F, Filho JSR. Immediate effects of the 2019 oil spill on the macrobenthic fauna associated with macroalgae on the tropical coast of Brazil. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 165:112107. [PMID: 33550001 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The 2019-2020 Brazil oil spill disaster affected several ecosystems and species-rich areas. The shallow-water reefs of Paiva beach are among the best-preserved coastal environments in the State of Pernambuco (NE Brazil), but were severely affected by oil arrival at the end of 2019. The reefs are densely covered by macroalgae as important biogenic substrates for benthic fauna. Based on that, herein, we provide a baseline assessment of the immediate impacts of the oil spill on the structure of epifaunal communities associated with the algae Jania capillacea and Penicillus capitatus. The benthic communities in both algae simplified (reduction of species richness and abundance) soon after oil arrival, while opportunistic taxa increased. After two months, the macrofaunal communities restructured to almost pre-disaster levels. However, polychaeta diversity remained low. Despite the apparently fast recovery of reef macrobenthos, a more detailed, long-term monitoring is necessary to evaluate the chronic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nykon Craveiro
- Laboratório de Bentos (LaBen), Departamento de Oceanografia (DOCEAN), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Recife, Brazil.
| | | | - Juliana Menezes da Silva
- Laboratório de Bentos (LaBen), Departamento de Oceanografia (DOCEAN), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Recife, Brazil
| | - Edson Vasconcelos
- Laboratório de Macroalgas (LaMacro), Departamento de Oceanografia (DOCEAN), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Recife, Brazil
| | | | - José Souto Rosa Filho
- Laboratório de Bentos (LaBen), Departamento de Oceanografia (DOCEAN), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, UFPE, Recife, Brazil
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Zacharias DC, Gama CM, Fornaro A. Mysterious oil spill on Brazilian coast: Analysis and estimates. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 165:112125. [PMID: 33582423 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In 2019-2020, a mysterious oil spill reached a large part of the Brazilian coast. In order to contribute to the clarification part of these mysteries involving this accident, the present study aims to estimate the initial volume spilled using the STFM (Spill, Transport and Fate Model). We started from the hypothesis that the leak was caused by tanker buoyancy problems (hull rupture or engine failure), resulting in slow loss of part of its cargo (leaking or dumping) in the subsurface waters. The estimated volume (5000-12,500 m3) was similar to that expected in a continuous leak from an internal compartment tanker with the size between PANAMAX and SUEZMAX. This volume may have been the largest oil spill on the Brazilian coast since 2004, and it caused institutional and socioeconomic crisis because of the poor management of public resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Constantino Zacharias
- Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, IAG/USP, Rua do Matão, 1226, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil.
| | - Carine Malagolini Gama
- Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, IAG/USP, Rua do Matão, 1226, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Adalgiza Fornaro
- Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas, Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo, IAG/USP, Rua do Matão, 1226, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
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de Oliveira Estevo M, Lopes PFM, de Oliveira Júnior JGC, Junqueira AB, de Oliveira Santos AP, da Silva Lima JA, Malhado ACM, Ladle RJ, Campos-Silva JV. Immediate social and economic impacts of a major oil spill on Brazilian coastal fishing communities. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 164:111984. [PMID: 33517088 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.111984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In August 2019, a major oil spill hit nine Brazilian coastal states, affecting marine ecosystems and fishing communities. In this study, we assess the immediate social and economic impacts of this oil spill on fishing communities of the northeast coast. We conducted semi-structured interviews and focal meetings with 381 fishers and shellfish gatherers to understand the perceived socioeconomic impacts on different types of fishing. We also obtained information on fish consumption after the oil spill, which we compared with data prior to the oil spill from the same communities. Sales decreased by more than 50% for all types of fishing, strongly impacting local income generation. These communities, which are already social-ecologically vulnerable, have had their subsistence, food security and cultural maintenance strongly compromised. We argue that there is a clear need for coordinated state interventions to mitigation the impacts, considering it's environmental, social, economic, human health and political dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana de Oliveira Estevo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Alagoas, Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil.
| | - Priscila F M Lopes
- Departamento de Ecologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - André Braga Junqueira
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Paula de Oliveira Santos
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Alagoas, Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil; Associação de Jangadeiros Artesanais do Município de Barra de Santo Antônio - AJAMBASA, Barra de Santo Antônio, AL, Brazil
| | - Johnny Antonio da Silva Lima
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Alagoas, Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil; Colonia de Pescadores Santo Amaro-21, Paripueira, AL, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Mendes Malhado
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Alagoas, Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil
| | - Richard J Ladle
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Alagoas, Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil; ERA Chair in Tropical Biodiversity and Ecosystems Research, CIBIO, Portugal
| | - João Vitor Campos-Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Alagoas, Maceió 57072-900, AL, Brazil; Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
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Costa ACP, Garcia TM, Paiva BP, Ximenes Neto AR, Soares MDO. Seagrass and rhodolith beds are important seascapes for the development of fish eggs and larvae in tropical coastal areas. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 161:105064. [PMID: 32784115 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the ichthyoplankton in two distinct tropical seascapes, gravelly sand with rhodolith beds (SRB) and muddy sand with seagrasses, were compared. The number of eggs was higher in the seagrass beds; however, the number of fish larvae was slightly higher in the SRB. Seagrass beds present less turbulent hydrodynamics and favor the retention of eggs and spawning. A more structured habitat provides better shelter, especially for eggs. However, as ontogeny progresses, the fish can explore areas with less shelter. This behavior was observed in this study, where the less structured SRB habitat had a high density of larvae in the later developmental stage. The dominance of earlier larval stages demonstrates a preference for more protected and less turbulent seascapes for nursery and offspring rearing. The results highlight that mapping of these seascapes (e.g., seagrass and rhodolith beds) will help to establish conservation measures to protect ecological connectivity and important tropical species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cecília Pinho Costa
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Tatiane Martins Garcia
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Bárbara Pereira Paiva
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Antônio Rodrigues Ximenes Neto
- Laboratório de Geologia e Gemorfologia Costeira e Oceânica (LGCO), Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE), Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, 1700, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo de Oliveira Soares
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar (LABOMAR), Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), Av. Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Carrer de les Columnes, Edifici Z, Cerdanyolla del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (DISTEBA), Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy.
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Soares MDO, Araújo JTD, Ferreira SMC, Santos BA, Boavida JRH, Costantini F, Rossi S. Why do mesophotic coral ecosystems have to be protected? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 726:138456. [PMID: 32481209 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs; ~30-150 m depth) are among the most biologically diverse and least protected ecosystems in the world's oceans. However, discussions regarding the conservation of these unique ecosystems are scarce. To address this issue, we identified the features of MCEs that demonstrate they should be considered as a global conservation priority. Some MCEs are characterized by their well-preserved and unique seascapes; their narrow environmental tolerance and high vulnerability to anthropogenic effects; and their slow recovery and reduced reproductive performance. The unique biodiversity of MCEs includes depth-adapted specialist species and new species, most of which are threatened or important fishery resources. MCEs also provide refuge against human stressors, valuable ecosystem services, and ecological connectivity. MCEs generally meet the criteria to be classified as Ecologically and Biologically Significant Marine Areas under the Convention on Biological Diversity. However, we highlight that many MCEs worldwide are threatened and not yet adequately protected by fishery regulations, marine protected areas, or considered in marine spatial planning. Establishing MCEs as a global conservation priority requires the designation of national, international, transnational, public, and private policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo de Oliveira Soares
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar-LABOMAR, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. da Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, Brazil; Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Carrer de les Columnes, Edifici Z, Cerdanyolla del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (DISTEBA), Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy.
| | - Jorge Thé de Araújo
- Instituto de Ciências do Mar-LABOMAR, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. da Abolição, 3207, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | - Bráulio Almeida Santos
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Joana Ruela Heimbürger Boavida
- Aix Marseille Université, Univ Toulon, CNRS, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO) UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France; Centro de Ciências do Mar (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal
| | - Federica Costantini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Geologiche ed Ambientali (BiGeA) and Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca per le Scienze Ambientali (CIRSA), University of Bologna, Ravenna, Italy; Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Rossi
- Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Carrer de les Columnes, Edifici Z, Cerdanyolla del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain; Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali (DISTEBA), Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy; Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Rome, Italy
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