1
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Evans L, Barral P. CD1 molecules: Beyond antigen presentation. Mol Immunol 2024; 170:1-8. [PMID: 38579449 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
CD1 molecules are well known for their role in binding and presenting lipid antigens to mediate the activation of CD1-restricted T cells. However, much less appreciated is the fact that CD1 molecules can have additional "unconventional" roles which impact the activation and functions of CD1-expressing cells, ultimately controlling tissue homeostasis as well as the progression of inflammatory and infectious diseases. Some of these roles are mediated by so-called reverse signalling, by which crosslinking of CD1 molecules at the cell surface initiates intracellular signalling. On the other hand, CD1 molecules can also control metabolic and inflammatory pathways in CD1-expressing cells through cell-intrinsic mechanisms independent of CD1 ligation. Here, we review the evidence for "unconventional" functions of CD1 molecules and the outcomes of such roles for health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Evans
- The Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology. King's College London, London, UK; The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Patricia Barral
- The Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology. King's College London, London, UK; The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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2
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Liu L, Hao S, Gou S, Tang X, Zhang Y, Cai D, Xiao M, Zhang X, Zhang D, Shen J, Li Y, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Deng S, Wu X, Li M, Zhang Z, Xiao Z, Du F. Potential applications of dual haptoglobin expression in the reclassification and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Transl Res 2024; 272:19-40. [PMID: 38815898 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
HCC is a malignancy characterized by high incidence and mortality rates. Traditional classifications of HCC primarily rely on tumor morphology, phenotype, and multicellular molecular levels, which may not accurately capture the cellular heterogeneity within the tumor. This study integrates scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq to spotlight HP as a critical gene within a subgroup of HCC malignant cells. HP is highly expressed in HCC malignant cells and lowly expressed in T cells. Within malignant cells, elevated HP expression interacts with C3, promoting Th1-type responses via the C3/C3AR1 axis. In T cells, down-regulating HP expression favors the expression of Th1 cell-associated marker genes, potentially enhancing Th1-type responses. Consequently, we developed a "HP-promoted Th1 response reclassification" gene set, correlating higher activity scores with improved survival rates in HCC patients. Additionally, four predictive models for neoadjuvant treatment based on HP and C3 expression were established: 1) Low HP and C3 expression with high Th2 cell infiltration; 2) High HP and low C3 expression with high Th2 cell infiltration; 3) High HP and C3 expression with high Th1 cell infiltration; 4) Low HP and high C3 expression with high Th1 cell infiltration. In conclusion, the HP gene selected from the HCC malignant cell subgroup (Malignant_Sub 6) might serve as a potential ally against the tumor by promoting Th1-type immune responses. The establishment of the "HP-promoted Th1 response reclassification" gene set offers predictive insights for HCC patient survival prognosis and neoadjuvant treatment efficacy, providing directions for clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Siyu Hao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Shuang Gou
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Dan Cai
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Mintao Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Duoli Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yan Li
- Public Center of Experimental Technology, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Shuai Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China; Cell Therapy & Cell Drugs of Luzhou Key Laboratory, Sichuan Luzhou, 646000, China; South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Sichuan Luzhou 646000, China.
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3
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Ogg GS, Rossjohn J, Clark RA, Moody DB. CD1a and bound lipids drive T-cell responses in human skin disease. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250333. [PMID: 37539748 PMCID: PMC10592190 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
In addition to serving as the main physical barrier with the outside world, human skin is abundantly infiltrated with resident αβ T cells that respond differently to self, infectious, microbiome, and noxious stimuli. To study skin T cells during infection and inflammation, experimental biologists track T-cell surface phenotypes and effector functions, which are often interpreted with the untested assumption that MHC proteins and peptide antigens drive measured responses. However, a broader perspective is that CD1 proteins also activate human T cells, and in skin, Langerhans cells (LCs) are abundant antigen presenting cells that express extremely high levels of CD1a. The emergence of new experimental tools, including CD1a tetramers carrying endogenous lipids, now show that CD1a-reactive T cells comprise a large population of resident T cells in human skin. Here, we review studies showing that skin-derived αβ T cells directly recognize CD1a proteins, and certain bound lipids, such as contact dermatitis allergens, trigger T-cell responses. Other natural skin lipids inhibit CD1a-mediated T-cell responses, providing an entry point for the development of therapeutic lipids that block T-cell responses. Increasing evidence points to a distinct role of CD1a in type 2 and 22 T-cell responses, providing new insights into psoriasis, contact dermatitis, and other T-cell-mediated skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham S. Ogg
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Rachael A. Clark
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - D. Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School
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4
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Shahine A, Van Rhijn I, Rossjohn J, Moody DB. CD1 displays its own negative regulators. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 83:102339. [PMID: 37245411 PMCID: PMC10527790 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
After two decades of the study of lipid antigens that activate CD1-restricted T cells, new studies show how autoreactive αβ T-cell receptors (TCRs) can directly recognize the outer surface of CD1 proteins in ways that are lipid-agnostic. Most recently, this lipid agnosticism has turned to negativity, with the discovery of natural CD1 ligands that dominantly negatively block autoreactive αβ TCR binding to CD1a and CD1d. This review highlights the basic differences between positive and negative regulation of cellular systems. We outline strategies to discover lipid inhibitors of CD1-reactive T cells, whose roles in vivo are becoming clear, especially in CD1-mediated skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Shahine
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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5
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Cameron G, Nguyen T, Ciula M, Williams SJ, Godfrey DI. Glycolipids from the gut symbiont Bacteroides fragilis are agonists for natural killer T cells and induce their regulatory differentiation. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7887-7896. [PMID: 37502334 PMCID: PMC10370605 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02124f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural Killer T (NKT) cells are a lipid-antigen reactive T cell subset that is restricted to the antigen presenting molecule CD1d. They possess diverse functional properties that contribute to inflammatory and regulatory immune responses. The most studied lipid antigen target for these T cells is α-galactosylceramide (αGC). The commensal organism Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis) produces several forms of αGC, but conflicting information exists about the influence of these lipids on NKT cells. Herein, we report the total synthesis of a major form of αGC from B. fragilis (Bf αGC), and several analogues thereof. We confirm the T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated recognition of these glycolipids by mouse and human NKT cells. Despite the natural structure of Bf αGC containing lipid branching that limits potency, we demonstrate that Bf αGC drives mouse NKT cells to proliferate and differentiate into producers of the immunoregulatory cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10). These Bf αGC-experienced NKT cells display regulatory function by inhibiting the expansion of naïve NKT cells upon subsequent exposure to this antigen. Moreover, this regulatory activity impacts more than just NKT cells, as demonstrated by the NKT cell-mediated inhibition of antigen-stimulated mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells (a T cell subset restricted to a different antigen presenting molecule, MR1). These findings reveal that B. fragilis-derived NKT cell agonists may have broad immunoregulatory activity, providing insight into the mechanisms influencing immune tolerance to commensal bacteria and highlighting a potential means to manipulate NKT cell function for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garth Cameron
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Tram Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Marcin Ciula
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia
| | - Spencer J Williams
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia
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6
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Lim HJ, Wubben JM, Garcia CP, Cruz-Gomez S, Deng J, Mak JY, Hachani A, Anderson RJ, Painter GF, Goyette J, Amarasinghe SL, Ritchie ME, Roquilly A, Fairlie DP, Gaus K, Rossjohn J, Villadangos JA, McWilliam HE. A specialized tyrosine-based endocytosis signal in MR1 controls antigen presentation to MAIT cells. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213489. [PMID: 36129434 PMCID: PMC9499830 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202110125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MR1 is a highly conserved microbial immune-detection system in mammals. It captures vitamin B-related metabolite antigens from diverse microbes and presents them at the cell surface to stimulate MR1-restricted lymphocytes including mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. MR1 presentation and MAIT cell recognition mediate homeostasis through host defense and tissue repair. The cellular mechanisms regulating MR1 cell surface expression are critical to its function and MAIT cell recognition, yet they are poorly defined. Here, we report that human MR1 is equipped with a tyrosine-based motif in its cytoplasmic domain that mediates low affinity binding with the endocytic adaptor protein 2 (AP2) complex. This interaction controls the kinetics of MR1 internalization from the cell surface and minimizes recycling. We propose MR1 uses AP2 endocytosis to define the duration of antigen presentation to MAIT cells and the detection of a microbial metabolic signature by the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jing Lim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jacinta M. Wubben
- Infection and Immunity Program and The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cristian Pinero Garcia
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sebastian Cruz-Gomez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jieru Deng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Y.W. Mak
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Abderrahman Hachani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Regan J. Anderson
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Gavin F. Painter
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jesse Goyette
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shanika L. Amarasinghe
- Epigenetics and Development Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew E. Ritchie
- Epigenetics and Development Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Antoine Roquilly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, INSERM, Center for Research in Transplantation and Translational Immunology, UMR 1064; F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - David P. Fairlie
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katharina Gaus
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jose A. Villadangos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Jose A. Villadangos:
| | - Hamish E.G. McWilliam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute of Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Correspondence to Hamish E.G. McWilliam:
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7
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Brailey PM, Evans L, López-Rodríguez JC, Sinadinos A, Tyrrel V, Kelly G, O'Donnell V, Ghazal P, John S, Barral P. CD1d-dependent rewiring of lipid metabolism in macrophages regulates innate immune responses. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6723. [PMID: 36344546 PMCID: PMC9640663 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34532-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in cellular metabolism underpin macrophage activation, yet little is known regarding how key immunological molecules regulate metabolic programs in macrophages. Here we uncover a function for the antigen presenting molecule CD1d in the control of lipid metabolism. We show that CD1d-deficient macrophages exhibit a metabolic reprogramming, with a downregulation of lipid metabolic pathways and an increase in exogenous lipid import. This metabolic rewiring primes macrophages for enhanced responses to innate signals, as CD1d-KO cells show higher signalling and cytokine secretion upon Toll-like receptor stimulation. Mechanistically, CD1d modulates lipid import by controlling the internalization of the lipid transporter CD36, while blocking lipid uptake through CD36 restores metabolic and immune responses in macrophages. Thus, our data reveal CD1d as a key regulator of an inflammatory-metabolic circuit in macrophages, independent of its function in the control of T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip M Brailey
- The Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Lauren Evans
- The Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Juan Carlos López-Rodríguez
- The Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Anthony Sinadinos
- The Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Peter Ghazal
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Susan John
- The Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Patricia Barral
- The Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, King's College London, London, UK.
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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8
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Wu J, Zhou J, Xu Q, Foley R, Guo J, Zhang X, Tian C, Mu M, Xing Y, Liu Y, Wang X, Hu D. Identification of Key Genes Driving Tumor Associated Macrophage Migration and Polarization Based on Immune Fingerprints of Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:751800. [PMID: 34805160 PMCID: PMC8600368 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.751800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of reliable indicators in the tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical for tumor prognosis. Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are the major component of non-tumor stromal cells in TME and have increasingly been recognized as a predictive biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) prognosis. Here, we report the development of a prognosis model for LUAD using three immune-related genes (IRGs) detected in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) which potentially regulate TAMs in TME. In 497 LUAD patients, higher immune scores conferred better overall survival (OS). We identified 93 hub IRGs out of 234 for further prognostic significance. Among them, three IRGs (BTK, Cd1c, and S100P) were proved to be closely correlated to the prognosis of patients with LUAD. Moreover, the immune risk score (IRS) based on the gene expression level of the three IRGs was an independent prognostic factor for OS. Higher IRS predicted lower OS, higher mortality and worse tumor stage. With a good predictive ability [area under the ROC curve (AUC) in TCGA = 0.701, AUC in GEO = 0.722], the IRS contributed to a good risk stratification ability of the nomogram. Immunologically, the three IRGs were related to M1 macrophages and NK cell subsets in TME. Interestingly, by characterizing these immune components in situ we found that S100P is a driver for tumor cells to induce TAM migration and M2 polarization in the immunosuppressive tumor niche. We identified the key genes driving TAM migration and transformation and elucidated the immune landscape of LUAD. The data suggest that IRGs from TME have the potential to become indicators for estimating cancer prognosis and guiding individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wu
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Prevention and Control & Occupational Safety and Health of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Qian Xu
- The Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ruth Foley
- The Charles Institute of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jianqiang Guo
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Chang Tian
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Prevention and Control & Occupational Safety and Health of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Min Mu
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Prevention and Control & Occupational Safety and Health of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Yingru Xing
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Yafeng Liu
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Xueqin Wang
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Dong Hu
- School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China.,Key Laboratory of Industrial Dust Prevention and Control & Occupational Safety and Health of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
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9
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Reijneveld JF, Marino L, Cao TP, Cheng TY, Dam D, Shahine A, Witte MD, Filippov DV, Suliman S, van der Marel GA, Moody DB, Minnaard AJ, Rossjohn J, Codée JDC, Van Rhijn I. Rational design of a hydrolysis-resistant mycobacterial phosphoglycolipid antigen presented by CD1c to T cells. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101197. [PMID: 34536421 PMCID: PMC8511953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas proteolytic cleavage is crucial for peptide presentation by classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins to T cells, glycolipids presented by CD1 molecules are typically presented in an unmodified form. However, the mycobacterial lipid antigen mannosyl-β1-phosphomycoketide (MPM) may be processed through hydrolysis in antigen presenting cells, forming mannose and phosphomycoketide (PM). To further test the hypothesis that some lipid antigens are processed, and to generate antigens that lead to defined epitopes for future tuberculosis vaccines or diagnostic tests, we aimed to create hydrolysis-resistant MPM variants that retain their antigenicity. Here, we designed and tested three different, versatile synthetic strategies to chemically stabilize MPM analogs. Crystallographic studies of CD1c complexes with these three new MPM analogs showed anchoring of the lipid tail and phosphate group that is highly comparable to nature-identical MPM, with considerable conformational flexibility for the mannose head group. MPM-3, a difluoromethylene-modified version of MPM that is resistant to hydrolysis, showed altered recognition by cells, but not by CD1c proteins, supporting the cellular antigen processing hypothesis. Furthermore, the synthetic analogs elicited T cell responses that were cross-reactive with nature-identical MPM, fulfilling important requirements for future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine F Reijneveld
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Marino
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Thinh-Phat Cao
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tan-Yun Cheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dennis Dam
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Adam Shahine
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin D Witte
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dmitri V Filippov
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sara Suliman
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gijsbert A van der Marel
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adriaan J Minnaard
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jeroen D C Codée
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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