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Bryan E, Teague JE, Eligul S, Arkins WC, Moody DB, Clark RA, Van Rhijn I. Human Skin T Cells Express Conserved T-Cell Receptors that Cross-React with Staphylococcal Superantigens and CD1a. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:833-843.e3. [PMID: 37951348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.09.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Human Langerhans cells highly express CD1a antigen-presenting molecules. To understand the functions of CD1a in human skin, we used CD1a tetramers to capture T cells and determine their effector functions and TCR patterns. Skin T cells from all donors showed CD1a tetramer staining, which in three cases exceeded 10% of skin T cells. CD1a tetramer-positive T cells produced diverse cytokines, including IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-17, IL-22, and IFN-γ. Conserved TCRs often recognize nonpolymorphic antigen-presenting molecules, but no TCR motifs are known for CD1a. We detected highly conserved TCRs that used TRAV34 and TRBV28 variable genes, which is a known motif for recognition of staphylococcal enterotoxin B, a superantigen associated with atopic dermatitis. We found that these conserved TCRs did not respond to superantigen presented by CD1a, but instead showed a cross-reactive response with two targets: CD1a and staphylococcal enterotoxin B presented by classical major histocompatibility complex II. These studies identify a conserved human TCR motif for CD1a-reactive T cells. Furthermore, the demonstrated cross-reaction of T cells with two common skin-specific stimuli suggests a candidate mechanism by which CD1a and skin flora could synergize during natural immune response and in Staphylococcus-associated skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Bryan
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jessica E Teague
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sezin Eligul
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wellington C Arkins
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rachael A Clark
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Van Rhijn I. Do antigen-presenting CD1a, CD1b, CD1c, and CD1d molecules bind different self-lipids? Trends Immunol 2023; 44:757-759. [PMID: 37730500 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Humans express four different lipid antigen-presenting molecules, CD1a, CD1b, CD1c, and CD1d, that are differentially expressed on antigen-presenting cells and which recycle through different endosomal compartments. Huang et al. now answer the question on whether the four CD1 isoforms selectively bind certain lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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3
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Shahine A, Van Rhijn I, Rossjohn J, Moody DB. CD1 displays its own negative regulators. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 83:102339. [PMID: 37245411 PMCID: PMC10527790 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
After two decades of the study of lipid antigens that activate CD1-restricted T cells, new studies show how autoreactive αβ T-cell receptors (TCRs) can directly recognize the outer surface of CD1 proteins in ways that are lipid-agnostic. Most recently, this lipid agnosticism has turned to negativity, with the discovery of natural CD1 ligands that dominantly negatively block autoreactive αβ TCR binding to CD1a and CD1d. This review highlights the basic differences between positive and negative regulation of cellular systems. We outline strategies to discover lipid inhibitors of CD1-reactive T cells, whose roles in vivo are becoming clear, especially in CD1-mediated skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Shahine
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Suliman S, Nieto-Caballero VE, Asgari S, Lopez K, Iwany SK, Luo Y, Nathan A, Fernandez-Salinas D, Chiñas M, Huang CC, Zhang Z, León SR, Calderon RI, Lecca L, Murray M, Van Rhijn I, Raychaudhuri S, Moody DB, Gutierrez-Arcelus M. History of tuberculosis disease is associated with genetic regulatory variation in Peruvians. medRxiv 2023:2023.06.20.23291558. [PMID: 37425785 PMCID: PMC10327177 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.20.23291558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
A quarter of humanity is estimated to be latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) with a 5-10% risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) disease. Variability in responses to Mtb infection could be due to host or pathogen heterogeneity. Here, we focused on host genetic variation in a Peruvian population and its associations with gene regulation in monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). We recruited former household contacts of TB patients who previously progressed to TB (cases, n=63) or did not progress to TB (controls, n=63). Transcriptomic profiling of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages measured the impact of genetic variants on gene expression by identifying expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL). We identified 330 and 257 eQTL genes in DCs and macrophages (False Discovery Rate (FDR) < 0.05), respectively. Five genes in DCs showed interaction between eQTL variants and TB progression status. The top eQTL interaction for a protein-coding gene was with FAH, the gene encoding fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase, which mediates the last step in mammalian tyrosine catabolism. FAH expression was associated with genetic regulatory variation in cases but not controls. Using public transcriptomic and epigenomic data of Mtb-infected monocyte-derived dendritic cells, we found that Mtb infection results in FAH downregulation and DNA methylation changes in the locus. Overall, this study demonstrates effects of genetic variation on gene expression levels that are dependent on history of infectious disease and highlights a candidate pathogenic mechanism through pathogen-response genes. Furthermore, our results point to tyrosine metabolism and related candidate TB progression pathways for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Suliman
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Gladstone-UCSF Institute of Genomic Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Initiative Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Victor E. Nieto-Caballero
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Undergraduate Program in Genomic Sciences, Center for Genomic Sciences, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Morelos 62210, Mexico
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Samira Asgari
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kattya Lopez
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Socios En Salud Sucursal Peru, Lima, Peru
| | - Sarah K. Iwany
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yang Luo
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aparna Nathan
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniela Fernandez-Salinas
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcos Chiñas
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Chuan-Chin Huang
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, and Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zibiao Zhang
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, and Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Segundo R León
- Socios En Salud Sucursal Peru, Lima, Peru
- Medical Technology School and Global Health Research Institute, San Juan Bautista Private University, Lima, Perú
| | | | | | - Megan Murray
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, and Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D. Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Gutierrez-Arcelus
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Farquhar R, Van Rhijn I, Moody DB, Rossjohn J, Shahine A. αβ T-cell receptor recognition of self-phosphatidylinositol presented by CD1b. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:102849. [PMID: 36587766 PMCID: PMC9900620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CD1 glycoproteins present lipid-based antigens to T-cell receptors (TCRs). A role for CD1b in T-cell-mediated autoreactivity was proposed when it was established that CD1b can present self-phospholipids with short alkyl chains (∼C34) to T cells; however, the structural characteristics of this presentation and recognition are unclear. Here, we report the 1.9 Å resolution binary crystal structure of CD1b presenting a self-phosphatidylinositol-C34:1 and an endogenous scaffold lipid. Moreover, we also determined the 2.4 Å structure of CD1b-phosphatidylinositol complexed to an autoreactive αβ TCR, BC8B. We show that the TCR docks above CD1b and directly contacts the presented antigen, selecting for both the phosphoinositol headgroup and glycerol neck region via antigen remodeling within CD1b and allowing lateral escape of the inositol moiety through a channel formed by the TCR α-chain. Furthermore, through alanine scanning mutagenesis and surface plasmon resonance, we identified key CD1b residues mediating this interaction, with Glu-80 abolishing TCR binding. We in addition define a role for both CD1b α1 and CD1b α2 molecular domains in modulating this interaction. These findings suggest that the BC8B TCR contacts both the presented phospholipid and the endogenous scaffold lipid via a dual mechanism of corecognition. Taken together, these data expand our understanding into the molecular mechanisms of CD1b-mediated T-cell autoreactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Farquhar
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
| | - Adam Shahine
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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6
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Ordóñez D, Lochhead RB, Strle K, Pianta A, Arvikar S, Van Rhijn I, Stemmer-Rachamimov A, Steere AC. Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity in Lyme Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022; 75:782-793. [PMID: 36413215 DOI: 10.1002/art.42408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obliterative microvascular lesions are found in the synovial tissue of ~50% of patients with post-antibiotic Lyme arthritis (LA) and correlate with autoantibodies to certain vascular antigens. In this study, we identified lymphocytes with cytotoxic potential that may also mediate this feature of synovial pathology. METHODS The cytotoxic potential of lymphocytes and their T cell receptor (TCR) Vβ gene usage were determined using samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SFMCs) from patients with antibiotic-responsive or post-antibiotic LA. Cell phenotypes were analyzed using flow cytometry and intracellular cytokine staining. Immunohistochemistry was performed on post-antibiotic synovial tissue samples. RESULTS In SFMC and PBMC samples, the percentages of CD8+ T cells and double-negative T cells (primarily γδ T cells) were greater among 22 patients with post-antibiotic LA than in 14 patients with antibiotic-responsive LA. Moreover, CD8+ T cells and γδ T cells often expressed cytotoxic mediators, granzyme A/granzyme B, and perforin. The same 3 TCR Vβ segments were over-represented in both CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells in SFMC samples from post-antibiotic LA patients. In synovial tissue samples from 3 patients with post-antibiotic LA, CD8+ T cells intermixed with CD4+ T cells were seen around blood vessels, and 2 patients with microvascular damage had autoantibodies to vascular-associated antigens. One of these 2 patients, the one in whom cytotoxicity appeared to be active, had complement (C5b-9) deposition on obliterated vessels. Very few natural killer cells or γδ T cells were seen. CONCLUSION We propose that CD8+ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity, CD4+ T cell help, autoantibodies to vascular antigens, and complement deposition may each have a role in microvasculature damage in post-antibiotic LA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Ordóñez
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | | | - Klemen Strle
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Annalisa Pianta
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Sheila Arvikar
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Allen C Steere
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston
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7
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Suliman S, Kjer-Nielsen L, Iwany SK, Lopez Tamara K, Loh L, Grzelak L, Kedzierska K, Ocampo TA, Corbett AJ, McCluskey J, Rossjohn J, León SR, Calderon R, Lecca-Garcia L, Murray MB, Moody DB, Van Rhijn I. Dual TCR-α Expression on Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells as a Potential Confounder of TCR Interpretation. J Immunol 2022; 208:1389-1395. [PMID: 35246495 PMCID: PMC9359468 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are innate-like T cells that are highly abundant in human blood and tissues. Most MAIT cells have an invariant TCRα-chain that uses T cell receptor α-variable 1-2 (TRAV1-2) joined to TRAJ33/20/12 and recognizes metabolites from bacterial riboflavin synthesis bound to the Ag-presenting molecule MHC class I related (MR1). Our attempts to identify alternative MR1-presented Ags led to the discovery of rare MR1-restricted T cells with non-TRAV1-2 TCRs. Because altered Ag specificity likely alters affinity for the most potent known Ag, 5-(2-oxopropylideneamino)-6-d-ribitylaminouracil (5-OP-RU), we performed bulk TCRα- and TCRβ-chain sequencing and single-cell-based paired TCR sequencing on T cells that bound the MR1-5-OP-RU tetramer with differing intensities. Bulk sequencing showed that use of V genes other than TRAV1-2 was enriched among MR1-5-OP-RU tetramerlow cells. Although we initially interpreted these as diverse MR1-restricted TCRs, single-cell TCR sequencing revealed that cells expressing atypical TCRα-chains also coexpressed an invariant MAIT TCRα-chain. Transfection of each non-TRAV1-2 TCRα-chain with the TCRβ-chain from the same cell demonstrated that the non-TRAV1-2 TCR did not bind the MR1-5-OP-RU tetramer. Thus, dual TCRα-chain expression in human T cells and competition for the endogenous β-chain explains the existence of some MR1-5-OP-RU tetramerlow T cells. The discovery of simultaneous expression of canonical and noncanonical TCRs on the same T cell means that claims of roles for non-TRAV1-2 TCR in MR1 response must be validated by TCR transfer-based confirmation of Ag specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Suliman
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Lars Kjer-Nielsen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah K Iwany
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kattya Lopez Tamara
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Socios en Salud Sucursal Perú, Lima, Peru
| | - Liyen Loh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Ludivine Grzelak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tonatiuh A Ocampo
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alexandra J Corbett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - James McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | | | - Megan B Murray
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA;
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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8
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Reijneveld JF, Marino L, Cao TP, Cheng TY, Dam D, Shahine A, Witte MD, Filippov DV, Suliman S, van der Marel GA, Moody DB, Minnaard AJ, Rossjohn J, Codée JDC, Van Rhijn I. Rational design of a hydrolysis-resistant mycobacterial phosphoglycolipid antigen presented by CD1c to T cells. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101197. [PMID: 34536421 PMCID: PMC8511953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas proteolytic cleavage is crucial for peptide presentation by classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins to T cells, glycolipids presented by CD1 molecules are typically presented in an unmodified form. However, the mycobacterial lipid antigen mannosyl-β1-phosphomycoketide (MPM) may be processed through hydrolysis in antigen presenting cells, forming mannose and phosphomycoketide (PM). To further test the hypothesis that some lipid antigens are processed, and to generate antigens that lead to defined epitopes for future tuberculosis vaccines or diagnostic tests, we aimed to create hydrolysis-resistant MPM variants that retain their antigenicity. Here, we designed and tested three different, versatile synthetic strategies to chemically stabilize MPM analogs. Crystallographic studies of CD1c complexes with these three new MPM analogs showed anchoring of the lipid tail and phosphate group that is highly comparable to nature-identical MPM, with considerable conformational flexibility for the mannose head group. MPM-3, a difluoromethylene-modified version of MPM that is resistant to hydrolysis, showed altered recognition by cells, but not by CD1c proteins, supporting the cellular antigen processing hypothesis. Furthermore, the synthetic analogs elicited T cell responses that were cross-reactive with nature-identical MPM, fulfilling important requirements for future clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine F Reijneveld
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Marino
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Thinh-Phat Cao
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tan-Yun Cheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dennis Dam
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Adam Shahine
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin D Witte
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dmitri V Filippov
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sara Suliman
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gijsbert A van der Marel
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adriaan J Minnaard
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jeroen D C Codée
- Department of Bio-organic Synthesis, Faculty of Science, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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9
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Almeida CF, Smith DGM, Cheng TY, Harpur CM, Batleska E, Nguyen-Robertson CV, Nguyen T, Thelemann T, Reddiex SJJ, Li S, Eckle SBG, Van Rhijn I, Rossjohn J, Uldrich AP, Moody DB, Williams SJ, Pellicci DG, Godfrey DI. Benzofuran sulfonates and small self-lipid antigens activate type II NKT cells via CD1d. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2104420118. [PMID: 34417291 PMCID: PMC8403964 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2104420118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells detect lipids presented by CD1d. Most studies focus on type I NKT cells that express semi-invariant αβ T cell receptors (TCR) and recognize α-galactosylceramides. However, CD1d also presents structurally distinct lipids to NKT cells expressing diverse TCRs (type II NKT cells), but our knowledge of the antigens for type II NKT cells is limited. An early study identified a nonlipidic NKT cell agonist, phenyl pentamethyldihydrobenzofuransulfonate (PPBF), which is notable for its similarity to common sulfa drugs, but its mechanism of NKT cell activation remained unknown. Here, we demonstrate that a range of pentamethylbenzofuransulfonates (PBFs), including PPBF, activate polyclonal type II NKT cells from human donors. Whereas these sulfa drug-like molecules might have acted pharmacologically on cells, here we demonstrate direct contact between TCRs and PBF-treated CD1d complexes. Further, PBF-treated CD1d tetramers identified type II NKT cell populations expressing αβTCRs and γδTCRs, including those with variable and joining region gene usage (TRAV12-1-TRAJ6) that was conserved across donors. By trapping a CD1d-type II NKT TCR complex for direct mass-spectrometric analysis, we detected molecules that allow the binding of CD1d to TCRs, finding that both selected PBF family members and short-chain sphingomyelin lipids are present in these complexes. Furthermore, the combination of PPBF and short-chain sphingomyelin enhances CD1d tetramer staining of PPBF-reactive T cell lines over either molecule alone. This study demonstrates that nonlipidic small molecules, which resemble sulfa drugs implicated in systemic hypersensitivity and drug allergy reactions, are targeted by a polyclonal population of type II NKT cells in a CD1d-restricted manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina F Almeida
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Dylan G M Smith
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Tan-Yun Cheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunity and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Chris M Harpur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Elena Batleska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Catriona V Nguyen-Robertson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Tram Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Tamara Thelemann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Scott J J Reddiex
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Shihan Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Sidonia B G Eckle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunity and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Utrecht, 3584CL Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Adam P Uldrich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunity and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115;
| | - Spencer J Williams
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Daniel G Pellicci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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10
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Cotton RN, Wegrecki M, Cheng TY, Chen YL, Veerapen N, Le Nours J, Orgill DP, Pomahac B, Talbot SG, Willis R, Altman JD, de Jong A, Van Rhijn I, Clark RA, Besra GS, Ogg G, Rossjohn J, Moody DB. CD1a selectively captures endogenous cellular lipids that broadly block T cell response. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20202699. [PMID: 33961028 PMCID: PMC8111460 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20202699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We optimized lipidomics methods to broadly detect endogenous lipids bound to cellular CD1a proteins. Whereas membrane phospholipids dominate in cells, CD1a preferentially captured sphingolipids, especially a C42, doubly unsaturated sphingomyelin (42:2 SM). The natural 42:2 SM but not the more common 34:1 SM blocked CD1a tetramer binding to T cells in all human subjects tested. Thus, cellular CD1a selectively captures a particular endogenous lipid that broadly blocks its binding to TCRs. Crystal structures show that the short cellular SMs stabilized a triad of surface residues to remain flush with CD1a, but the longer lipids forced the phosphocholine group to ride above the display platform to hinder TCR approach. Whereas nearly all models emphasize antigen-mediated T cell activation, we propose that the CD1a system has intrinsic autoreactivity and is negatively regulated by natural endogenous inhibitors selectively bound in its cleft. Further, the detailed chemical structures of natural blockers could guide future design of therapeutic blockers of CD1a response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel N. Cotton
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Marcin Wegrecki
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tan-Yun Cheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yi-Ling Chen
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Institute for Health Research, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Natacha Veerapen
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jérôme Le Nours
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dennis P. Orgill
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Bohdan Pomahac
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Simon G. Talbot
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Richard Willis
- National Institutes of Health Tetramer Core Facility, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - John D. Altman
- National Institutes of Health Tetramer Core Facility, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Annemieke de Jong
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rachael A. Clark
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Gurdyal S. Besra
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Graham Ogg
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Institute for Health Research, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - D. Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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11
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Nathan A, Beynor JI, Baglaenko Y, Suliman S, Ishigaki K, Asgari S, Huang CC, Luo Y, Zhang Z, Lopez K, Lindestam Arlehamn CS, Ernst JD, Jimenez J, Calderón RI, Lecca L, Van Rhijn I, Moody DB, Murray MB, Raychaudhuri S. Multimodally profiling memory T cells from a tuberculosis cohort identifies cell state associations with demographics, environment and disease. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:781-793. [PMID: 34031617 PMCID: PMC8162307 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00933-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Multimodal T cell profiling can enable more precise characterization of elusive cell states underlying disease. Here, we integrated single-cell RNA and surface protein data from 500,089 memory T cells to define 31 cell states from 259 individuals in a Peruvian tuberculosis (TB) progression cohort. At immune steady state >4 years after infection and disease resolution, we found that, after accounting for significant effects of age, sex, season and genetic ancestry on T cell composition, a polyfunctional type 17 helper T (TH17) cell-like effector state was reduced in abundance and function in individuals who previously progressed from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infection to active TB disease. These cells are capable of responding to M.tb peptides. Deconvoluting this state-uniquely identifiable with multimodal analysis-from public data demonstrated that its depletion may precede and persist beyond active disease. Our study demonstrates the power of integrative multimodal single-cell profiling to define cell states relevant to disease and other traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Nathan
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica I Beynor
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuriy Baglaenko
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara Suliman
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kazuyoshi Ishigaki
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samira Asgari
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chuan-Chin Huang
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Global Health Equity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yang Luo
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zibiao Zhang
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Global Health Equity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kattya Lopez
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Socios En Salud Sucursal Peru, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Joel D Ernst
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Roger I Calderón
- Socios En Salud Sucursal Peru, Lima, Peru
- Programa Acadêmico de Tuberculose, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonid Lecca
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Socios En Salud Sucursal Peru, Lima, Peru
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megan B Murray
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Global Health Equity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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12
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Suliman S, Gela A, Mendelsohn SC, Iwany SK, Tamara KL, Mabwe S, Bilek N, Darboe F, Fisher M, Corbett AJ, Kjer-Nielsen L, Eckle SBG, Huang CC, Zhang Z, Lewinsohn DM, McCluskey J, Rossjohn J, Hatherill M, León SR, Calderon RI, Lecca L, Murray M, Scriba TJ, Van Rhijn I, Moody DB. Peripheral Blood Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells in Tuberculosis Patients and Healthy Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Exposed Controls. J Infect Dis 2021; 222:995-1007. [PMID: 32267943 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In human blood, mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are abundant T cells that recognize antigens presented on non-polymorphic major histocompatibility complex-related 1 (MR1) molecules. The MAIT cells are activated by mycobacteria, and prior human studies indicate that blood frequencies of MAIT cells, defined by cell surface markers, decline during tuberculosis (TB) disease, consistent with redistribution to the lungs. METHODS We tested whether frequencies of blood MAIT cells were altered in patients with TB disease relative to healthy Mycobacterium tuberculosis-exposed controls from Peru and South Africa. We quantified their frequencies using MR1 tetramers loaded with 5-(2-oxopropylideneamino)-6-D-ribitylaminouracil. RESULTS Unlike findings from prior studies, frequencies of blood MAIT cells were similar among patients with TB disease and latent and uninfected controls. In both cohorts, frequencies of MAIT cells defined by MR1-tetramer staining and coexpression of CD161 and the T-cell receptor alpha variable gene TRAV1-2 were strongly correlated. Disease severity captured by body mass index or TB disease transcriptional signatures did not correlate with MAIT cell frequencies in patients with TB. CONCLUSIONS Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-related 1-restrictied MAIT cells are detected at similar levels with tetramers or surface markers. Unlike MHC-restricted T cells, blood frequencies of MAIT cells are poor correlates of TB disease but may play a role in pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Suliman
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunity and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anele Gela
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Simon C Mendelsohn
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sarah K Iwany
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunity and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kattya Lopez Tamara
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunity and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Socios En Salud Sucursal Peru, Lima, Peru
| | - Simbarashe Mabwe
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicole Bilek
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fatoumatta Darboe
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michelle Fisher
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alexandra J Corbett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lars Kjer-Nielsen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sidonia B G Eckle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chuan-Chin Huang
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, and Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zibiao Zhang
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, and Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David M Lewinsohn
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - James McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Hatherill
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | - Leonid Lecca
- Socios En Salud Sucursal Peru, Lima, Peru.,Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, and Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Megan Murray
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, and Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas J Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunity and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunity and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Abstract
The two main T cell lineages, αβ and γδ T cells, play a central role in immunity. Unlike αβ T cells that recognize antigens bound to the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) or MHC class I-like antigen-presenting molecules, the ligands for γδ T cell receptors (TCRs) are much more diverse. However, it is now clear that γδ TCRs can also recognize MHC class I-like molecules, including CD1b, CD1c, CD1d and the MHC class I-related protein 1 (MR1). Yet, our understanding at the molecular level of γδ T cell immunity to CD1 and MR1 is still very limited. Here, we discuss new molecular paradigms underpinning γδ TCRs recognition of antigens, antigen-presenting molecules or both. The recent discovery of recognition of MR1 by a γδ TCR at a position located underneath the antigen display platform reinforces the view that γδ TCRs can approach their ligands from many directions, unlike αβ TCRs that bind MHC, CD1 and MR1 targets in an aligned, end to end fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Jérôme Le Nours
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
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14
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Reijneveld JF, Holzheimer M, Young DC, Lopez K, Suliman S, Jimenez J, Calderon R, Lecca L, Murray MB, Ishikawa E, Yamasaki S, Minnaard AJ, Moody DB, Van Rhijn I. Synthetic mycobacterial diacyl trehaloses reveal differential recognition by human T cell receptors and the C-type lectin Mincle. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2010. [PMID: 33479373 PMCID: PMC7820438 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81474-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is composed of diverse glycolipids which potentially interact with the human immune system. To overcome difficulties in obtaining pure compounds from bacterial extracts, we recently synthesized three forms of mycobacterial diacyltrehalose (DAT) that differ in their fatty acid composition, DAT1, DAT2, and DAT3. To study the potential recognition of DATs by human T cells, we treated the lipid-binding antigen presenting molecule CD1b with synthetic DATs and looked for T cells that bound the complex. DAT1- and DAT2-treated CD1b tetramers were recognized by T cells, but DAT3-treated CD1b tetramers were not. A T cell line derived using CD1b-DAT2 tetramers showed that there is no cross-reactivity between DATs in an IFN-γ release assay, suggesting that the chemical structure of the fatty acid at the 3-position determines recognition by T cells. In contrast with the lack of recognition of DAT3 by human T cells, DAT3, but not DAT1 or DAT2, activates Mincle. Thus, we show that the mycobacterial lipid DAT can be both an antigen for T cells and an agonist for the innate Mincle receptor, and that small chemical differences determine recognition by different parts of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine F Reijneveld
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mira Holzheimer
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - David C Young
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kattya Lopez
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Socios En Salud, Lima, Peru
| | - Sara Suliman
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | - Megan B Murray
- Division of Global Health Equity, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eri Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Adriaan J Minnaard
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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15
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Cotton RN, Cheng TY, Wegrecki M, Le Nours J, Orgill DP, Pomahac B, Talbot SG, Willis RA, Altman JD, de Jong A, Ogg G, Van Rhijn I, Rossjohn J, Clark RA, Moody DB. Human skin is colonized by T cells that recognize CD1a independently of lipid. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:140706. [PMID: 33393500 PMCID: PMC7773353 DOI: 10.1172/jci140706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CD1a-autoreactive T cells contribute to skin disease, but the identity of immunodominant self-lipid antigens and their mode of recognition are not yet solved. In most models, MHC and CD1 proteins serve as display platforms for smaller antigens. Here, we showed that CD1a tetramers without added antigen stained large T cell pools in every subject tested, accounting for approximately 1% of skin T cells. The mechanism of tetramer binding to T cells did not require any defined antigen. Binding occurred with approximately 100 lipid ligands carried by CD1a proteins, but could be tuned upward or downward with certain natural self-lipids. TCR recognition mapped to the outer A' roof of CD1a at sites remote from the antigen exit portal, explaining how TCRs can bind CD1a rather than carried lipids. Thus, a major antigenic target of CD1a T cell autoreactivity in vivo is CD1a itself. Based on their high frequency and prevalence among donors, we conclude that CD1a-specific, lipid-independent T cells are a normal component of the human skin T cell repertoire. Bypassing the need to select antigens and effector molecules, CD1a tetramers represent a simple method to track such CD1a-specific T cells from tissues and in any clinical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel N. Cotton
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tan-Yun Cheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marcin Wegrecki
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jérôme Le Nours
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dennis P. Orgill
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bohdan Pomahac
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Simon G. Talbot
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richard A. Willis
- NIH Tetramer Core Facility, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - John D. Altman
- NIH Tetramer Core Facility, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Annemieke de Jong
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Graham Ogg
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael A. Clark
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - D. Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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16
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Holzheimer M, Reijneveld JF, Ramnarine AK, Misiakos G, Young DC, Ishikawa E, Cheng TY, Yamasaki S, Moody DB, Van Rhijn I, Minnaard AJ. Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Mycobacterial Diacyl Trehaloses Demonstrates a Role for Lipid Structure in Immunogenicity. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:1835-1841. [PMID: 32293864 PMCID: PMC7372558 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The first asymmetric total synthesis of three structures proposed for mycobacterial diacyl trehaloses, DAT1, DAT2, and DAT3 is reported. The presence of two of these glycolipids, DAT1 and DAT3, within different strains of pathogenic M. tuberculosis was confirmed, and it was shown that their abundance varies significantly. In mass spectrometry, synthetic DAT2 possessed almost identical fragmentation patterns to presumptive DAT2 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, but did not coelute by HPLC, raising questions as the precise relationship of the synthetic and natural materials. The synthetic DATs were examined as agonists for signaling by the C-type lectin, Mincle. The small differences in the chemical structure of the lipidic parts of DAT1, DAT2, and DAT3 led to drastic differences of Mincle binding and activation, with DAT3 showing similar potency as the known Mincle agonist trehalose dimycolate (TDM). In the future, DAT3 could serve as basis for the design of vaccine adjuvants with simplified chemical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mira Holzheimer
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Josephine F. Reijneveld
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandrea K. Ramnarine
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Georgios Misiakos
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - David C. Young
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Eri Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tan-Yun Cheng
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - D. Branch Moody
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan J. Minnaard
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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17
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Penn-Nicholson A, Mbandi SK, Thompson E, Mendelsohn SC, Suliman S, Chegou NN, Malherbe ST, Darboe F, Erasmus M, Hanekom WA, Bilek N, Fisher M, Kaufmann SHE, Winter J, Murphy M, Wood R, Morrow C, Van Rhijn I, Moody B, Murray M, Andrade BB, Sterling TR, Sutherland J, Naidoo K, Padayatchi N, Walzl G, Hatherill M, Zak D, Scriba TJ. RISK6, a 6-gene transcriptomic signature of TB disease risk, diagnosis and treatment response. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8629. [PMID: 32451443 PMCID: PMC7248089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65043-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved tuberculosis diagnostics and tools for monitoring treatment response are urgently needed. We developed a robust and simple, PCR-based host-blood transcriptomic signature, RISK6, for multiple applications: identifying individuals at risk of incident disease, as a screening test for subclinical or clinical tuberculosis, and for monitoring tuberculosis treatment. RISK6 utility was validated by blind prediction using quantitative real-time (qRT) PCR in seven independent cohorts. Prognostic performance significantly exceeded that of previous signatures discovered in the same cohort. Performance for diagnosing subclinical and clinical disease in HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected persons, assessed by area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve, exceeded 85%. As a screening test for tuberculosis, the sensitivity at 90% specificity met or approached the benchmarks set out in World Health Organization target product profiles for non-sputum-based tests. RISK6 scores correlated with lung immunopathology activity, measured by positron emission tomography, and tracked treatment response, demonstrating utility as treatment response biomarker, while predicting treatment failure prior to treatment initiation. Performance of the test in capillary blood samples collected by finger-prick was noninferior to venous blood collected in PAXgene tubes. These results support incorporation of RISK6 into rapid, capillary blood-based point-of-care PCR devices for prospective assessment in field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Penn-Nicholson
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stanley Kimbung Mbandi
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ethan Thompson
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Simon C Mendelsohn
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sara Suliman
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Rheumatology, Immunity and Inflammation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Novel N Chegou
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research; South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stephanus T Malherbe
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research; South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fatoumatta Darboe
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mzwandile Erasmus
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Willem A Hanekom
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicole Bilek
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michelle Fisher
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Stefan H E Kaufmann
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany.,Hagler Institute for Advanced Study at Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jill Winter
- Catalysis Foundation for Health, San Ramon, CA, USA
| | - Melissa Murphy
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Robin Wood
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Carl Morrow
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Rheumatology, Immunity and Inflammation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Branch Moody
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Rheumatology, Immunity and Inflammation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Megan Murray
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, and Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruno B Andrade
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Timothy R Sterling
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
| | - Jayne Sutherland
- Vaccines and Immunity, Medical Research Council Unit, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Kogieleum Naidoo
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in Africa, Durban, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council-CAPRISA HIV-TB Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, Durban, South Africa
| | - Nesri Padayatchi
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in Africa, Durban, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council-CAPRISA HIV-TB Pathogenesis and Treatment Research Unit, Durban, South Africa
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research; South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research; Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark Hatherill
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Daniel Zak
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Thomas J Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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18
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Tahiri N, Fodran P, Jayaraman D, Buter J, Witte MD, Ocampo TA, Moody DB, Van Rhijn I, Minnaard AJ. Total Synthesis of a Mycolic Acid from
Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Tahiri
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Peter Fodran
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Dhineshkumar Jayaraman
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Buter
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Martin D. Witte
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Tonatiuh A. Ocampo
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and ImmunityHarvard Medical School, Hale BTM 60 Fenwood Road Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - D. Branch Moody
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and ImmunityHarvard Medical School, Hale BTM 60 Fenwood Road Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and ImmunityHarvard Medical School, Hale BTM 60 Fenwood Road Boston MA 02115 USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases and ImmunologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht University Yalelaan 1 3584 CL Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan J. Minnaard
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 7 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
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19
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Tahiri N, Fodran P, Jayaraman D, Buter J, Witte MD, Ocampo TA, Moody DB, Van Rhijn I, Minnaard AJ. Total Synthesis of a Mycolic Acid from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7555-7560. [PMID: 32067294 PMCID: PMC7216993 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In Mycobacterium tuberculosis, mycolic acids and their glycerol, glucose, and trehalose esters ("cord factor") form the main part of the mycomembrane. Despite their first isolation almost a century ago, full stereochemical evaluation is lacking, as is a scalable synthesis required for accurate immunological, including vaccination, studies. Herein, we report an efficient, convergent, gram-scale synthesis of four stereo-isomers of a mycolic acid and its glucose ester. Binding to the antigen presenting protein CD1b and T cell activation studies are used to confirm the antigenicity of the synthetic material. The absolute stereochemistry of the syn-methoxy methyl moiety in natural material is evaluated by comparing its optical rotation with that of synthetic material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Tahiri
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 79747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Peter Fodran
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 79747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Dhineshkumar Jayaraman
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 79747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Buter
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 79747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Martin D. Witte
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 79747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Tonatiuh A. Ocampo
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and ImmunityHarvard Medical School, Hale BTM60 Fenwood RoadBostonMA02115USA
| | - D. Branch Moody
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and ImmunityHarvard Medical School, Hale BTM60 Fenwood RoadBostonMA02115USA
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and ImmunityHarvard Medical School, Hale BTM60 Fenwood RoadBostonMA02115USA
- Department of Infectious Diseases and ImmunologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityYalelaan 13584 CLUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Adriaan J. Minnaard
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of GroningenNijenborgh 79747 AGGroningenThe Netherlands
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20
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Lopez K, Iwany SK, Suliman S, Reijneveld JF, Ocampo TA, Jimenez J, Calderon R, Lecca L, Murray MB, Moody DB, Van Rhijn I. CD1b Tetramers Broadly Detect T Cells That Correlate With Mycobacterial Exposure but Not Tuberculosis Disease State. Front Immunol 2020; 11:199. [PMID: 32117314 PMCID: PMC7033476 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-polymorphic nature of CD1 proteins creates a situation in which T cells with invariant T cell receptors (TCRs), like CD1d-specific NKT cells, are present in all humans. CD1b is an abundant protein on human dendritic cells that presents M. tuberculosis (Mtb) lipid antigens to T cells. Analysis of T cell clones suggested that semi-invariant TCRs exist in the CD1b system, but their prevalence in humans is not known. Here we used CD1b tetramers loaded with mycolic acid or glucose monomycolate to study polyclonal T cells from 150 Peruvian subjects. We found that CD1b tetramers loaded with mycolic acid or glucose monomycolate antigens stained TRAV1-2+ GEM T cells or TRBV4-1+ LDN5-like T cells in the majority of subjects tested, at rates ~10-fold lower than NKT cells. Thus, GEM T cells and LDN5-like T cells are a normal part of the human immune system. Unlike prior studies measuring MHC- or CD1b-mediated activation, this large-scale tetramer study found no significant differences in rates of CD1b tetramer-mycobacterial lipid staining of T cells among subjects with Mtb exposure, latent Mtb infection or active tuberculosis (TB) disease. In all subjects, including “uninfected” subjects, CD1b tetramer+ T cells expressed memory markers at high levels. However, among controls with lower mycobacterial antigen exposure in Boston, we found significantly lower frequencies of T cells staining with CD1b tetramers loaded with mycobacterial lipids. These data link CD1b-specific T cell detection to mycobacterial exposure, but not TB disease status, which potentially explains differences in outcomes among CD1-based clinical studies, which used control subjects with low Mtb exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kattya Lopez
- Socios En Salud, Lima, Peru.,Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sarah K Iwany
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sara Suliman
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Josephine F Reijneveld
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tonatiuh A Ocampo
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Megan B Murray
- Division of Global Health Equity, Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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21
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Nicolai S, Wegrecki M, Cheng TY, Bourgeois EA, Cotton RN, Mayfield JA, Monnot GC, Le Nours J, Van Rhijn I, Rossjohn J, Moody DB, de Jong A. Human T cell response to CD1a and contact dermatitis allergens in botanical extracts and commercial skin care products. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:5/43/eaax5430. [PMID: 31901073 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aax5430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
During industrialization, humans have been exposed to increasing numbers of foreign chemicals. Failure of the immune system to tolerate drugs, cosmetics, and other skin products causes allergic contact dermatitis, a T cell-mediated disease with rising prevalence. Models of αβ T cell response emphasize T cell receptor (TCR) contact with peptide-MHC complexes, but this model cannot readily explain activation by most contact dermatitis allergens, which are nonpeptidic molecules. We tested whether CD1a, an abundant MHC I-like protein in human skin, mediates contact allergen recognition. Using CD1a-autoreactive human αβ T cell clones to screen clinically important allergens present in skin patch testing kits, we identified responses to balsam of Peru, a tree oil widely used in cosmetics and toothpaste. Additional purification identified benzyl benzoate and benzyl cinnamate as antigenic compounds within balsam of Peru. Screening of structurally related compounds revealed additional stimulants of CD1a-restricted T cells, including farnesol and coenzyme Q2. Certain general chemical features controlled response: small size, extreme hydrophobicity, and chemical constraint from rings and unsaturations. Unlike lipid antigens that protrude to form epitopes and contact TCRs, the small size of farnesol allows sequestration deeply within CD1a, where it displaces self-lipids and unmasks the CD1a surface. These studies identify molecular connections between CD1a and hypersensitivity to consumer products, defining a mechanism that could plausibly explain the many known T cell responses to oily substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Nicolai
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marcin Wegrecki
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Tan-Yun Cheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elvire A Bourgeois
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rachel N Cotton
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jacob A Mayfield
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gwennaëlle C Monnot
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Dermatology, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jérôme Le Nours
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Annemieke de Jong
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Department of Dermatology, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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22
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Reinink P, Shahine A, Gras S, Cheng TY, Farquhar R, Lopez K, Suliman SA, Reijneveld JF, Le Nours J, Tan LL, León SR, Jimenez J, Calderon R, Lecca L, Murray MB, Rossjohn J, Moody DB, Van Rhijn I. A TCR β-Chain Motif Biases toward Recognition of Human CD1 Proteins. J Immunol 2019; 203:3395-3406. [PMID: 31694911 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput TCR sequencing allows interrogation of the human TCR repertoire, potentially connecting TCR sequences to antigenic targets. Unlike the highly polymorphic MHC proteins, monomorphic Ag-presenting molecules such as MR1, CD1d, and CD1b present Ags to T cells with species-wide TCR motifs. CD1b tetramer studies and a survey of the 27 published CD1b-restricted TCRs demonstrated a TCR motif in humans defined by the TCR β-chain variable gene 4-1 (TRBV4-1) region. Unexpectedly, TRBV4-1 was involved in recognition of CD1b regardless of the chemical class of the carried lipid. Crystal structures of two CD1b-specific TRBV4-1+ TCRs show that germline-encoded residues in CDR1 and CDR3 regions of TRBV4-1-encoded sequences interact with each other and consolidate the surface of the TCR. Mutational studies identified a key positively charged residue in TRBV4-1 and a key negatively charged residue in CD1b that is shared with CD1c, which is also recognized by TRBV4-1 TCRs. These data show that one TCR V region can mediate a mechanism of recognition of two related monomorphic Ag-presenting molecules that does not rely on a defined lipid Ag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Reinink
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CL Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Adam Shahine
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Stephanie Gras
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Tan-Yun Cheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Rachel Farquhar
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Kattya Lopez
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.,Socios en Salud Sucursal Peru, 15001 Lima, Peru
| | - Sara A Suliman
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Josephine F Reijneveld
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CL Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.,Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jérôme Le Nours
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Li Lynn Tan
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Megan B Murray
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.,Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CF14 4XN Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CL Utrecht, the Netherlands; .,Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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23
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Mishra VK, Buter J, Blevins MS, Witte MD, Van Rhijn I, Moody DB, Brodbelt JS, Minnaard AJ. Total Synthesis of an Immunogenic Trehalose Phospholipid from Salmonella Typhi and Elucidation of Its sn-Regiochemistry by Mass Spectrometry. Org Lett 2019; 21:5126-5131. [PMID: 31247773 PMCID: PMC6614791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b01725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Diphosphatidyltrehalose (diPT) is an immunogenic glycolipid, recently isolated from Salmonella Typhi. Despite rigorous structure elucidation, the sn-position of the acyl chains on the glycerol backbone had not been unequivocally established. A stereoselective synthesis of diPT and its regioisomer is reported herein. Using a hybrid MS3 approach combining collisional dissociation and ultraviolet photodissociation mass spectrometry for analysis of the regioisomers and natural diPT, the regiochemistry of the acyl chains of this abundant immunostimulatory glycolipid was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek K Mishra
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 7 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Buter
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 7 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Molly S Blevins
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Martin D Witte
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 7 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine , Utrecht University , 3584 CL Utrecht , The Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - D Branch Moody
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Harvard Medical School , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
| | - Jennifer S Brodbelt
- Department of Chemistry , University of Texas , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Adriaan J Minnaard
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 7 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
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24
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Reinink P, Souter MNT, Cheng TY, van Gorkom T, Lenz S, Kubler-Kielb J, Strle K, Kremer K, Thijsen SFT, Steere AC, Godfrey DI, Pellicci DG, Moody DB, Van Rhijn I. CD1b presents self and Borrelia burgdorferi diacylglycerols to human T cells. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:737-746. [PMID: 30854633 PMCID: PMC6594241 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Lyme disease is a common multisystem disease caused by infection with a tick‐transmitted spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi and related Borrelia species. The monoglycosylated diacylglycerol known as B. burgdorferi glycolipid II (BbGL‐II) is a major target of antibodies in sera from infected individuals. Here, we show that CD1b presents BbGL‐II to human T cells and that the TCR mediates the recognition. However, we did not detect increased frequency of CD1b‐BbGL‐II binding T cells in the peripheral blood of Lyme disease patients compared to controls. Unexpectedly, mapping the T cell specificity for BbGL‐II‐like molecules using tetramers and activation assays revealed a concomitant response to CD1b‐expressing APCs in absence of BbGL‐II. Further, among all major classes of self‐lipid tested, BbGL‐II responsive TCRs show strong cross‐reactivity to diacylglycerol, a self‐lipid antigen with structural similarities to BbGL‐II. Extending prior work on MHC and CD1b, CD1c, and CD1d proteins, this study provides evidence for cross‐reactive CD1b‐restricted T cell responses to bacterial and self‐antigens, and identifies chemically defined targets for future discovery of self and foreign antigen cross‐reactive T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Reinink
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Brigham and Women's Hospital Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael N T Souter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Tan-Yun Cheng
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tamara van Gorkom
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Diakonessen Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and Laboratory Surveillance, Centre for Infectious Diseases Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Lenz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joanna Kubler-Kielb
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Klemen Strle
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristin Kremer
- Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, Diagnostics and Laboratory Surveillance, Centre for Infectious Diseases Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Steven F T Thijsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Diakonessen Hospital, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Allen C Steere
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Daniel G Pellicci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - D Branch Moody
- Brigham and Women's Hospital Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Brigham and Women's Hospital Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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25
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Reinink P, Buter J, Mishra VK, Ishikawa E, Cheng TY, Willemsen PTJ, Porwollik S, Brennan PJ, Heinz E, Mayfield JA, Dougan G, van Els CA, Cerundolo V, Napolitani G, Yamasaki S, Minnaard AJ, McClelland M, Moody DB, Van Rhijn I. Discovery of Salmonella trehalose phospholipids reveals functional convergence with mycobacteria. J Exp Med 2019; 216:757-771. [PMID: 30804000 PMCID: PMC6446866 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella species are among the world's most prevalent pathogens. Because the cell wall interfaces with the host, we designed a lipidomics approach to reveal pathogen-specific cell wall compounds. Among the molecules differentially expressed between Salmonella Paratyphi and S. Typhi, we focused on lipids that are enriched in S. Typhi, because it causes typhoid fever. We discovered a previously unknown family of trehalose phospholipids, 6,6'-diphosphatidyltrehalose (diPT) and 6-phosphatidyltrehalose (PT). Cardiolipin synthase B (ClsB) is essential for PT and diPT but not for cardiolipin biosynthesis. Chemotyping outperformed clsB homology analysis in evaluating synthesis of diPT. DiPT is restricted to a subset of Gram-negative bacteria: large amounts are produced by S. Typhi, lower amounts by other pathogens, and variable amounts by Escherichia coli strains. DiPT activates Mincle, a macrophage activating receptor that also recognizes mycobacterial cord factor (6,6'-trehalose dimycolate). Thus, Gram-negative bacteria show convergent function with mycobacteria. Overall, we discovered a previously unknown immunostimulant that is selectively expressed among medically important bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Reinink
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jeffrey Buter
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Vivek K Mishra
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Eri Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tan-Yun Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Peter T J Willemsen
- Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Department of Infection Biology, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Steffen Porwollik
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Patrick J Brennan
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Eva Heinz
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Jacob A Mayfield
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | | | - Cécile A van Els
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Giorgio Napolitani
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Adriaan J Minnaard
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Michael McClelland
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - D Branch Moody
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands .,Department of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
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26
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Shahine A, Van Rhijn I, Cheng TY, Iwany S, Gras S, Moody DB, Rossjohn J. A molecular basis of human T cell receptor autoreactivity toward self-phospholipids. Sci Immunol 2018; 2:2/16/eaao1384. [PMID: 29054999 PMCID: PMC6649662 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aao1384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human T cell autoreactivity toward lipid antigens presented by CD1 proteins can manifest in numerous diseases, including psoriasis, contact hypersensitivities, and allergies. However, the molecular mechanisms for regulating T cell autoreactivity toward lipid antigens remain unclear. We determined the basis for T cell receptor (TCR) autoreactivity toward CD1b bound to self-phospholipids. The spectrum of self-antigens captured by CD1b skews toward abundant membrane phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. However, TCRs can specifically recognize rare phospholipids, including phosphatidylglycerol (PG). The structure of an autoreactive TCR bound to CD1b-PG shows that discrimination occurs through a marked induced fit movement of PG so that its polar head group fits snugly into the cationic cup of the TCR. Conversely, TCR binding toward ubiquitous self-phospholipids was sterically or electrostatically repelled. Accordingly, we describe a mechanism of TCR autoreactivity toward rare phospholipids and avoidance of autoreactivity to the most abundant self-phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Shahine
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584CL Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tan-Yun Cheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sarah Iwany
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Stephanie Gras
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia. .,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia. .,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
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27
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James CA, Yu KKQ, Gilleron M, Prandi J, Yedulla VR, Moleda ZZ, Diamanti E, Khan M, Aggarwal VK, Reijneveld JF, Reinink P, Lenz S, Emerson RO, Scriba TJ, Souter MNT, Godfrey DI, Pellicci DG, Moody DB, Minnaard AJ, Seshadri C, Van Rhijn I. CD1b Tetramers Identify T Cells that Recognize Natural and Synthetic Diacylated Sulfoglycolipids from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Cell Chem Biol 2018; 25:392-402.e14. [PMID: 29398561 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterial cell wall lipids bind the conserved CD1 family of antigen-presenting molecules and activate T cells via their T cell receptors (TCRs). Sulfoglycolipids (SGLs) are uniquely synthesized by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but tools to study SGL-specific T cells in humans are lacking. We designed a novel hybrid synthesis of a naturally occurring SGL, generated CD1b tetramers loaded with natural or synthetic SGL analogs, and studied the molecular requirements for TCR binding and T cell activation. Two T cell lines derived using natural SGLs are activated by synthetic analogs independently of lipid chain length and hydroxylation, but differentially by saturation status. By contrast, two T cell lines derived using an unsaturated SGL synthetic analog were not activated by the natural antigen. Our data provide a bioequivalence hierarchy of synthetic SGL analogs and SGL-loaded CD1b tetramers. These reagents can now be applied to large-scale translational studies investigating the diagnostic potential of SGL-specific T cell responses or SGL-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte A James
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, 750 Republican Street, Suite E663, Seattle, WA 98115, USA; Department of Pathology, Molecular Medicine and Mechanisms of Disease Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Krystle K Q Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, 750 Republican Street, Suite E663, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - Martine Gilleron
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jacques Prandi
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Vijayendar R Yedulla
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Zuzanna Z Moleda
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Momin Khan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | | | - Josephine F Reijneveld
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Reinink
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Lenz
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas J Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7935, South Africa
| | - Michael N T Souter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Daniel G Pellicci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - D Branch Moody
- Department of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Room 6006V, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Adriaan J Minnaard
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, 9747AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Chetan Seshadri
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, 750 Republican Street, Suite E663, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CL Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Rheumatology, Allergy & Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 60 Fenwood Road, Room 6006V, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Van Rhijn I, Iwany SK, Fodran P, Cheng TY, Gapin L, Minnaard AJ, Moody DB. CD1b-mycolic acid tetramers demonstrate T-cell fine specificity for mycobacterial lipid tails. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:1525-1534. [PMID: 28665555 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis synthesizes a thick cell wall comprised of mycolic acids (MA), which are foreign antigens for human T cells. T-cell clones from multiple donors were used to determine the fine specificity of MA recognition by human αβ T cells. Most CD1-presented lipid antigens contain large hydrophilic head groups comprised of carbohydrates or peptides that dominate patterns of T-cell specificity. MA diverges from the consensus antigen motif in that it lacks a head group. Using multiple forms of natural and synthetic MA and MA-specific T-cells with different T-cell receptors, we found that, unlike antigens with larger head groups, lipid length strongly controlled T-cell responses to MA. In addition, the three forms of MA that naturally occur in M. tuberculosis that differ in modifications on the lipid tail, differ in their potency for activating MA-specific T-cell clones. Thus, naturally occurring MA forms should be considered as separate, partly cross-reactive antigens. Two of the three forms of MA could be loaded onto human CD1b proteins, creating working CD1b-MA tetramers. The creation of CD1b-MA tetramers represents a new tool for future studies that track the effector functions and kinetics of MA-specific T-cells ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah K Iwany
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Fodran
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tan-Yun Cheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laurent Gapin
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus and National Jewish Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Adriaan J Minnaard
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Bagchi S, He Y, Zhang H, Cao L, Van Rhijn I, Moody DB, Gudjonsson JE, Wang CR. CD1b-autoreactive T cells contribute to hyperlipidemia-induced skin inflammation in mice. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:2339-2352. [PMID: 28463230 DOI: 10.1172/jci92217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A large proportion of human T cells are autoreactive to group 1 CD1 proteins, which include CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c. However, the physiological role of the CD1 proteins remains poorly defined. Here, we have generated a double-transgenic mouse model that expresses human CD1b and CD1c molecules (hCD1Tg) as well as a CD1b-autoreactive TCR (HJ1Tg) in the ApoE-deficient background (hCD1Tg HJ1Tg Apoe-/- mice) to determine the role of CD1-autoreactive T cells in hyperlipidemia-associated inflammatory diseases. We found that hCD1Tg HJ1Tg Apoe-/- mice spontaneously developed psoriasiform skin inflammation characterized by T cell and neutrophil infiltration and a Th17-biased cytokine response. Anti-IL-17A treatment ameliorated skin inflammation in vivo. Additionally, phospholipids and cholesterol preferentially accumulated in diseased skin and these autoantigens directly activated CD1b-autoreactive HJ1 T cells. Furthermore, hyperlipidemic serum enhanced IL-6 secretion by CD1b+ DCs and increased IL-17A production by HJ1 T cells. In psoriatic patients, the frequency of CD1b-autoreactive T cells was increased compared with that in healthy controls. Thus, this study has demonstrated the pathogenic role of CD1b-autoreactive T cells under hyperlipidemic conditions in a mouse model of spontaneous skin inflammation. As a large proportion of psoriatic patients are dyslipidemic, this finding is of clinical significance and indicates that self-lipid-reactive T cells might serve as a possible link between hyperlipidemia and psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreya Bagchi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ying He
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Liang Cao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - D Branch Moody
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Chyung-Ru Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Cheng JMH, Liu L, Pellicci DG, Reddiex SJJ, Cotton RN, Cheng TY, Young DC, Van Rhijn I, Moody DB, Rossjohn J, Fairlie DP, Godfrey DI, Williams SJ. Total Synthesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Dideoxymycobactin-838 and Stereoisomers: Diverse CD1a-Restricted T Cells Display a Common Hierarchy of Lipopeptide Recognition. Chemistry 2017; 23:1694-1701. [PMID: 27925318 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis produces dideoxymycobactin-838 (DDM-838), a lipopeptide that potently activates T cells upon binding to the MHC-like antigen-presenting molecule CD1a. M. tuberculosis produces DDM-838 in only trace amounts and a previous solid-phase synthesis provided sub-milligram quantities. We describe a high-yielding solution-phase synthesis of DDM-838 that features a Mitsunobu substitution that avoids yield-limiting epimerization at lysine during esterification, and amidation conditions that prevent double-bond isomerization of the Z-C20:1 acyl chain, and provides material with equivalent antigenicity to natural DDM-838. Isomers of DDM-838 that varied in stereochemistry at the central lysine and the C20:1 acyl chain were compared for their ability to be recognised by CD1a-restricted T cell receptors (TCRs). These TCRs, derived from unrelated human donors, exhibited a similar spectrum of reactivity towards the panel of DDM-838 isomers, highlighting the exquisite sensitivity of lipopeptide-reactive T cells for the natural DDM stereochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice M H Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Ligong Liu
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel G Pellicci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Scott J J Reddiex
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Rachel N Cotton
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tan-Yun Cheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - David C Young
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.,Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - David P Fairlie
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Spencer J Williams
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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Van Rhijn I, van Berlo T, Hilmenyuk T, Cheng TY, Wolf BJ, Tatituri RVV, Uldrich AP, Napolitani G, Cerundolo V, Altman JD, Willemsen P, Huang S, Rossjohn J, Besra GS, Brenner MB, Godfrey DI, Moody DB. Human autoreactive T cells recognize CD1b and phospholipids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:380-5. [PMID: 26621732 PMCID: PMC4720340 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1520947112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast with the common detection of T cells that recognize MHC, CD1a, CD1c, or CD1d proteins, CD1b autoreactive T cells have been difficult to isolate in humans. Here we report the development of polyvalent complexes of CD1b proteins and carbohydrate backbones (dextramers) and their use in identifying CD1b autoreactive T cells from human donors. Activation is mediated by αβ T-cell receptors (TCRs) binding to CD1b-phospholipid complexes, which is sufficient to activate autoreactive responses to CD1b-expressing cells. Using mass spectrometry and T-cell responses to scan through the major classes of phospholipids, we identified phosphatidylglycerol (PG) as the immunodominant lipid antigen. T cells did not discriminate the chemical differences that distinguish mammalian PG from bacterial PG. Whereas most models of T-cell recognition emphasize TCR discrimination of differing self and foreign structures, CD1b autoreactive T cells recognize lipids with dual self and foreign origin. PG is rare in the cellular membranes that carry CD1b proteins. However, bacteria and mitochondria are rich in PG, so these data point to a more general mechanism of immune detection of infection- or stress-associated lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CL Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Twan van Berlo
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tamara Hilmenyuk
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Tan-Yun Cheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Benjamin J Wolf
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Raju V V Tatituri
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Adam P Uldrich
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Giorgio Napolitani
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom
| | | | - Peter Willemsen
- Central Veterinary Institute, Wageningen University, 8219 PH Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - Shouxiong Huang
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3XQ, United Kingdom
| | - Gurdyal S Besra
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael B Brenner
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115;
| | - Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115;
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Abstract
The now-famous term "restriction" derived from experiments in which T cells from Donor A failed to recognize Ags presented by cells from Donor B. Restriction results from interdonor variation in MHC genes. Donor restriction dominates immunologists' thinking about the T cell response because it governs organ transplantation and hinders the discovery of disease-associated Ags. However, other T cells can be considered "donor unrestricted" because their targets, CD1a, CD1b, CD1c, CD1d, or MR1, are expressed in a similar form among all humans. A striking feature of donor unrestricted T cells is the expression of invariant TCRs with nearly species-wide distribution. In this article, we review new evidence that donor unrestricted T cells are common in humans. NKT cells, mucosa-associated invariant T cells, and germline-encoded mycolyl-reactive T cells operate outside of the familiar principles of the MHC system, providing a broader picture of T cell function and new opportunities for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and
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Abstract
For decades, proteins were thought to be the sole or at least the dominant source of antigens for T cells. Studies in the 1990s demonstrated that CD1 proteins and mycobacterial lipids form specific targets of human αβ T cells. The molecular basis by which T-cell receptors (TCRs) recognize CD1-lipid complexes is now well understood. Many types of mycobacterial lipids function as antigens in the CD1 system, and new studies done with CD1 tetramers identify T-cell populations in the blood of tuberculosis patients. In human populations, a fundamental difference between the CD1 and major histocompatibility complex systems is that all humans express nearly identical CD1 proteins. Correspondingly, human CD1 responsive T cells show evidence of conserved TCRs. In addition to natural killer T cells and mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT cells), conserved TCRs define other subsets of human T cells, including germline-encoded mycolyl-reactive (GEM) T cells. The simple immunogenetics of the CD1 system and new investigative tools to measure T-cell responses in humans now creates a situation in which known lipid antigens can be developed as immunodiagnostic and immunotherapeutic reagents for tuberculosis disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Nguyen TKA, Reinink P, El Messlaki C, Im JS, Ercan A, Porcelli SA, Van Rhijn I. Correction: Expression Patterns of Bovine CD1 In Vivo and Assessment of the Specificities of the Anti-Bovine CD1 Antibodies. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129755. [PMID: 26046785 PMCID: PMC4457881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Nguyen TKA, Reinink P, El Messlaki C, Im JS, Ercan A, Porcelli SA, Van Rhijn I. Expression patterns of bovine CD1 in vivo and assessment of the specificities of the anti-bovine CD1 antibodies. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121923. [PMID: 25815476 PMCID: PMC4376853 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Research addressing the in vivo effects of T cell activation by lipids, glycolipids, and lipopeptides is hampered by the absence of a suitable animal model. Mice and rats do not express CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c molecules that present pathogen-derived lipid antigens in humans. In cattle, two CD1A and three CD1B genes are transcribed. The proteins encoded by these genes differ in their antigen binding domains and in their cytoplasmic tails, suggesting that they may traffic differently in the cell and thus have access to different antigens. In the current study, we describe the genomic organization of the bovine CD1 locus and transcription of bovine CD1 genes in freshly isolated dendritic cells and B cells from different tissues. After determining the specificity of previously only partly characterized anti-CD1 antibodies by testing recombinant single chain bovine CD1 proteins and CD1-transfected cells, we were able to determine cell surface protein expression on freshly isolated cells. Our study suggests that CD1b1 and CD1b3 are more broadly expressed than CD1b5, and CD1a2 is more broadly expressed than CD1a1. Pseudoafferent lymph dendritic cells express CD1B genes, but no transcription is detected in lymph nodes. Even though B cells transcribe CD1B genes, there is no evidence of protein expression at the cell surface. Thus, patterns of CD1 protein expression are largely conserved among species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Kim Anh Nguyen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Reinink
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Chema El Messlaki
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jin S. Im
- Section of Transplant Immunology, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States of America
| | - Altan Ercan
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
| | - Steven A. Porcelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States of America
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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van Schaik B, Klarenbeek P, Doorenspleet M, van Kampen A, Moody DB, de Vries N, Van Rhijn I. Discovery of invariant T cells by next-generation sequencing of the human TCR α-chain repertoire. J Immunol 2014; 193:5338-44. [PMID: 25339678 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
During infection and autoimmune disease, activation and expansion of T cells take place. Consequently, the TCR repertoire contains information about ongoing and past diseases. Analysis and interpretation of the human TCR repertoire are hampered by its size and stochastic variation and by the diversity of Ags and Ag-presenting molecules encoded by the MHC, but are highly desirable and would greatly impact fundamental and clinical immunology. A subset of the TCR repertoire is formed by invariant T cells. Invariant T cells express interdonor-conserved TCRs and recognize a limited set of Ags, presented by nonpolymorphic Ag-presenting molecules. Discovery of the three known invariant T cell populations has been a tedious and slow process, identifying them one by one. Because conservation of the TCR α-chain of invariant T cells is much higher than the β-chain, and because the TCR α-chain V gene segment TRAV1-2 is used by two of the three known invariant TCRs, we employed next-generation sequencing of TCR α-chains that contain the TRAV1-2 gene segment to identify 16 invariant TCRs shared among many blood donors. Frequency analysis of individual clones indicates these T cells are expanded in many donors, implying an important role in human immunity. This approach extends the number of known interdonor-conserved TCRs and suggests that many more exist and that these TCR patterns can be used to systematically evaluate human Ag exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbera van Schaik
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DD Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Klarenbeek
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DD Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory for Genome Analysis, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DD Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Doorenspleet
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DD Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory for Genome Analysis, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DD Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Antoine van Kampen
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Bioinformatics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DD Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Niek de Vries
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DD Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Laboratory for Genome Analysis, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DD Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Kawasaki N, Rillahan CD, Cheng TY, Van Rhijn I, Macauley MS, Moody DB, Paulson JC. Targeted delivery of mycobacterial antigens to human dendritic cells via Siglec-7 induces robust T cell activation. J Immunol 2014; 193:1560-6. [PMID: 25000981 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lipids from mycobacteria can be presented to human T cells by group 1 CD1 Ag-presenting molecules (CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c). Group 1 CD1-restricted T cells are activated by lipid Ags presented by myeloid dendritic cells (DCs), after which they generate antibacterial effector functions, including IFN-γ secretion and cytolysis. Thus, mycobacterial lipids are being investigated as components of novel vaccines for mycobacterial infections. In this study we show that the mycobacterial lipid Ag C80 glucose-6-monomycolate can be delivered to human CD1b(+) DCs via targeted liposomal nanoparticles, leading to robust group 1 CD1-restricted activation of T cells. Targeting was achieved by decorating the liposomes with a high-affinity glycan ligand of sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin (Siglec)-7, a siglec receptor expressed on DCs that mediates rapid endocytosis and transport of its cargo to lysosomes. An Ab to Siglec-7 completely blocked the binding of targeted liposomes to human monocyte-derived DCs (Mo-DCs), demonstrating their targeting specificity. Mo-DCs pulsed with targeted liposomes containing C80 glucose-6-monomycolate more potently activated a CD1b-restricted T cell line relative to Mo-DCs pulsed with free lipid Ag or antigenic liposomes without Siglec-7 ligand. These data suggest that the endocytic function of Siglec-7 can be exploited to deliver glycolipid Ags to their target cell and increase the efficiency of display to T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norihito Kawasaki
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Cory D Rillahan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Tan-Yun Cheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew S Macauley
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; and
| | - James C Paulson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037;
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Van Rhijn I, Gherardin NA, Kasmar A, de Jager W, Pellicci DG, Kostenko L, Tan LL, Bhati M, Gras S, Godfrey DI, Rossjohn J, Moody DB. TCR bias and affinity define two compartments of the CD1b-glycolipid-specific T Cell repertoire. J Immunol 2014; 192:4054-60. [PMID: 24683194 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Current views emphasize TCR diversity as a key feature that differentiates the group 1 (CD1a, CD1b, CD1c) and group 2 (CD1d) CD1 systems. Whereas TCR sequence motifs define CD1d-reactive NKT cells, the available data do not allow a TCR-based organization of the group 1 CD1 repertoire. The observed TCR diversity might result from donor-to-donor differences in TCR repertoire, as seen for MHC-restricted T cells. Alternatively, diversity might result from differing CD1 isoforms, Ags, and methods used to identify TCRs. Using CD1b tetramers to isolate clones recognizing the same glycolipid, we identified a previously unknown pattern of V gene usage (TRAV17, TRBV4-1) among unrelated human subjects. These TCRs are distinct from those present on NKT cells and germline-encoded mycolyl lipid-reactive T cells. Instead, they resemble the TCR of LDN5, one of the first known CD1b-reactive clones that was previously thought to illustrate the diversity of the TCR repertoire. Interdonor TCR conservation was observed in vitro and ex vivo, identifying LDN5-like T cells as a distinct T cell type. These data support TCR-based organization of the CD1b repertoire, which consists of at least two compartments that differ in TCR sequence motifs, affinity, and coreceptor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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Kasmar AG, Van Rhijn I, Magalhaes KG, Young DC, Cheng TY, Turner MT, Schiefner A, Kalathur RC, Wilson IA, Bhati M, Gras S, Birkinshaw RW, Tan LL, Rossjohn J, Shires J, Jakobsen S, Altman JD, Moody DB. Cutting Edge: CD1a tetramers and dextramers identify human lipopeptide-specific T cells ex vivo. J Immunol 2013; 191:4499-503. [PMID: 24089190 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Human CD1a mediates foreign Ag recognition by a T cell clone, but the nature of possible TCR interactions with CD1a/lipid are unknown. After incubating CD1a with a mycobacterial lipopeptide Ag, dideoxymycobactin (DDM), we identified and measured binding to a recombinant TCR (TRAV3/ TRBV3-1, KD of ≈100 μM). Detection of ternary CD1a/lipid/TCR interactions enabled development of CD1a tetramers and CD1a multimers with carbohydrate backbones (dextramers), which specifically stained T cells using a mechanism that was dependent on the precise stereochemistry of the peptide backbone and was blocked with a soluble TCR. Furthermore, sorting of human T cells from unrelated tuberculosis patients for bright DDM-dextramer staining allowed recovery of T cells that were activated by CD1a and DDM. These studies demonstrate that the mechanism of T cell activation by lipopeptides occurs via ternary interactions of CD1a/Ag/TCR. Furthermore, these studies demonstrate the existence of lipopeptide-specific T cells in humans ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne G Kasmar
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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40
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Abstract
The CD1 system is composed of five types of human CD1 proteins, CD1a, CD1b, CD1c, CD1d, and CD1e, and their mammalian orthologs. Each type of CD1 protein has a distinct antigen binding groove and shows differing patterns of expression within cells and in different tissues. Here we review the molecular mechanisms by which CD1a, CD1b, and CD1c capture distinct classes of self- and mycobacterial antigens. We discuss how CD1-restricted T cells participate in the immune response, emphasizing new evidence for mycobacterial recognition in vivo in human and non-human models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Division of Rheumatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Seshadri C, Turner MT, Lewinsohn DM, Moody DB, Van Rhijn I. Lipoproteins are major targets of the polyclonal human T cell response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Immunol 2012. [PMID: 23197260 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Most vaccines and basic studies of T cell epitopes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis emphasize water-soluble proteins that are secreted into the extracellular space and presented in the context of MHC class II. Much less is known about the role of Ags retained within the cell wall. We used polyclonal T cells from infected humans to probe for responses to immunodominant Ags in the M. tuberculosis cell wall. We found that the magnitude of response to secreted or cell wall intrinsic compounds was similar among healthy controls, patients with latent tuberculosis, and patients with active tuberculosis. Individual responses to secreted Ags and cell wall extract were strongly correlated (r(2) = 0.495, p = 0.001), suggesting that T cells responding to cell wall and secreted Ags are present at similar frequency. Surprisingly, T cell stimulatory factors intrinsic to the cell wall partition into organic solvents; however, these responses are not explained by CD1-mediated presentation of lipids. Instead, we find that molecules soluble in organic solvents are dependent upon MHC class II and recognized by IFN-γ-secreting CD4(+) T cells. We reasoned that MHC class II-dependent Ags extracting into lipid mixtures might be found among triacylated lipoproteins present in mycobacteria. We used M. tuberculosis lacking prolipoprotein signal peptidase A (lspA), an enzyme required for lipoprotein synthesis, to demonstrate loss of polyclonal T cell responses. Our results demonstrate the use of bacterial genetics to identify lipoproteins as an unexpected and immunodominant class of cell wall-associated Ags targeted by the polyclonal human T cell response to M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Seshadri
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Wang J, Guillaume J, Pauwels N, Van Calenbergh S, Van Rhijn I, Zajonc DM. Crystal structures of bovine CD1d reveal altered αGalCer presentation and a restricted A' pocket unable to bind long-chain glycolipids. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47989. [PMID: 23110152 PMCID: PMC3479135 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
NKT cells play important roles in immune surveillance. They rapidly respond to pathogens by detecting microbial glycolipids when presented by the non-classical MHC I homolog CD1d. Previously, ruminants were considered to lack NKT cells due to the lack of a functional CD1D gene. However, recent data suggest that cattle express CD1d with unknown function. In an attempt to characterize the function of bovine CD1d, we assessed the lipid binding properties of recombinant Bos taurus CD1d (boCD1d) in vitro. BoCD1d is able to bind glycosphingolipids (GSLs) with fatty acid chain lengths of C18, while GSLs with fatty acids of C24 do not bind. Crystal structures of boCD1d bound to a short-chain C12-di-sulfatide antigen, as well as short-chain C16-αGalCer revealed that the Á pocket of boCD1d is restricted in size compared to that of both mouse and human CD1d, explaining the inability of long chain GSL’s to bind to boCD1d. Moreover, while di-sulfatide is presented similarly compared to the presentation of sulfatide by mouse CD1d, αGalCer is presented differently at the cell surface, due to an amino acid Asp151Asn substitution that results in loss of intimate contacts between the αGalCer headgroup and CD1d. The altered αGalCer presentation by boCD1d also explains its lack of cross-activation of mouse iNKT cells and raises the interesting question of the nature and function of bovine lipid-reactive T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Joren Guillaume
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (FFW), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nora Pauwels
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry (FFW), Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dirk M. Zajonc
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Nguyen TKA, Koets AP, Vordermeier M, Jervis PJ, Cox LR, Graham SP, Santema WJ, Moody DB, van Calenbergh S, Zajonc DM, Besra GS, Van Rhijn I. The bovine CD1D gene has an unusual gene structure and is expressed but cannot present α-galactosylceramide with a C26 fatty acid. Int Immunol 2012; 25:91-8. [PMID: 22968995 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxs092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although CD1d and NKT cells have been proposed to have highly conserved functions in mammals, data on functions of CD1d and NKT cells in species other than humans and rodents are lacking. Upon stimulation with the CD1d-presented synthetic antigen α-galactosylceramide, human and rodent type I invariant NKT cells release large amounts of cytokines. The two bovine CD1D (boCD1D) genes have structural features that suggest that they cannot be translated into functional proteins expressed on the cell surface. Here we provide evidence that despite an intron-exon structure and signal peptide that are different from all other known CD1 genes, boCD1D can be translated into a protein that is expressed on the cell surface. However, in vivo treatment of cattle (Bos taurus) with 0.1, 1, or 10 µg kg⁻¹ of the most commonly used α-galactosylceramide, which has a C26 fatty acid, did not lead to an increase in body temperature and serum cytokine levels of the animals. This lack of reactivity is not due to a complete inability of boCD1d to present glycosphingolipids because α-galactosylceramide variants with shorter fatty acids could be presented by boCD1d to human NKT cells in vitro. This suggests that the natural ligands of boCD1d are smaller lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Kim Anh Nguyen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Universiteit Utrecht, Yalelaan 1, 3584CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Van Rhijn I, Kasmar A, Moody DB. M. tuberculosis lipids are recognized by a human CD1b restricted CD4+ semi invariant T cell population. Mol Immunol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2012.02.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Vrieling M, Santema W, Van Rhijn I, Rutten V, Koets A. γδ T Cell Homing to Skin and Migration to Skin-Draining Lymph Nodes Is CCR7 Independent. J I 2011; 188:578-84. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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de Jong A, Peña-Cruz V, Cheng TY, Clark RA, Van Rhijn I, Moody DB. CD1a-autoreactive T cells are a normal component of the human αβ T cell repertoire. Nat Immunol 2010; 11:1102-9. [PMID: 21037579 PMCID: PMC3131223 DOI: 10.1038/ni.1956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CD1 activates T cells, but the function and size of the possible human T cell repertoires that recognize each of the CD1 antigen-presenting molecules remain unknown. Using an experimental system that bypasses major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction and the requirement for defined antigens, we show that polyclonal T cells responded at higher rates to cells expressing CD1a than to those expressing CD1b, CD1c or CD1d. Unlike the repertoire of invariant natural killer T (NKT) cells, the CD1a-autoreactive repertoire contained diverse T cell antigen receptors (TCRs). Functionally, many CD1a-autoreactive T cells homed to skin, where they produced interleukin 22 (IL-22) in response to CD1a on Langerhans cells. The strong and frequent responses among genetically diverse donors define CD1a-autoreactive cells as a normal part of the human T cell repertoire and CD1a as a target of the T(H)22 subset of helper T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemieke de Jong
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Girardi E, Wang J, Mac TT, Versluis C, Bhowruth V, Besra G, Heck AJR, Van Rhijn I, Zajonc DM. Crystal structure of bovine CD1b3 with endogenously bound ligands. J Immunol 2010; 185:376-86. [PMID: 20519644 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1000042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The CD1 family of Ag-presenting molecules is able to display lipids to T cells by binding them within a hydrophobic groove connected to the protein surface. In particular, the CD1b isotype is capable of binding ligands with greatly varying alkyl chain lengths through a complex network of interconnected hydrophobic pockets. Interestingly, mycobacterial lipids such as glucose monomycolate exclusively bind to CD1b. We determined the crystal structure of one of the three expressed bovine CD1b proteins, CD1b3, in complex with endogenous ligands, identified by mass spectrometry as a mixture of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, and analyzed the ability of the protein to bind glycolipids in vitro. The structure reveals a complex binding groove architecture, similar to the human ortholog but with consequential differences. Intriguingly, in bovine CD1b3 only the A', C' and F' pockets are present, whereas the T' pocket previously described in human CD1b is closed. This different pocket conformation could affect the ability of boCD1b3 to recognize lipids with long acyl chains such as glucose monomycolate. However, even in the absence of a T' tunnel, bovine CD1b3 is able to bind mycolates from Rhodococcus ruber in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Girardi
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
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48
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Goldfinch N, Reinink P, Connelley T, Koets A, Morrison I, Van Rhijn I. Conservation of mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells and the MR1 restriction element in ruminants, and abundance of MAIT cells in spleen. Vet Res 2010; 41:62. [PMID: 20507818 PMCID: PMC2896809 DOI: 10.1051/vetres/2010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
MHC-related protein 1 (MR1) is a highly conserved MHC class I-like molecule. Human and murine mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are restricted by MR1 and express an invariant T cell receptor. Even though MR1 protein expression on the cell surface has not been demonstrated in vivo or ex vivo, it is assumed that MR1 presents a bacterial antigen from the intestinal lumen to MAIT cells because MAIT cells are present in the lamina propria and their expansion is dependent on the presence of intestinal micro flora. The existence of bovine MAIT cells and MR1 has been demonstrated recently although ovine MAIT cells and MR1 have not yet been described. We cloned bovine and ovine MR1 transcripts, including splice variants, and identified an anti human MR1 antibody that recognizes cells transfected with the bovine homolog. Using this antibody, no MR1 staining was detected using cells freshly isolated from blood, thymus, spleen, colon, ileum, and lymph node. MAIT cells are known to be enriched in the CD4/CD8 double negative peripheral blood T cell population, but their relative abundance in different tissues is not known. Comparison of the amount of MAIT cell-specific TCR transcript to the amount of constant α chain transcript revealed that numbers of MAIT cells are low in neonates and increase by 3-weeks of age. In 3-month old animals, MAIT cells are abundant in spleen and less so in ileum, peripheral blood, lymph node, colon, and thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Goldfinch
- Infection and Immunity Division, The Roslin Institute, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
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Van Rhijn I, Nguyen TKA, Michel A, Cooper D, Govaerts M, Cheng TY, van Eden W, Moody DB, Coetzer JAW, Rutten V, Koets AP. Low cross-reactivity of T-cell responses against lipids from Mycobacterium bovis and M. avium paratuberculosis during natural infection. Eur J Immunol 2010; 39:3031-41. [PMID: 19688747 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200939619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Although CD1 proteins are known to present mycobacterial lipid antigens to T cells, there is little understanding of the in vivo behavior of T cells restricted by CD1a, CD1b and CD1c, and the relative immunogenicity and immunodominance of individual lipids within the total array of lipids that comprise a bacterium. Because bovines express multiple CD1 proteins and are natural hosts of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP), we used them as a new animal model of CD1 function. Here, we report the surprisingly divergent responses against lipids produced by these two pathogens during infection. Despite considerable overlap in lipid content, only three out of 69 animals cross-react with M. bovis and MAP total lipid preparations. The unidentified immunodominant compound of M. bovis is a hydrophilic compound, whereas the immunodominant lipid of MAP is presented by CD1b and was identified as glucose monomycolate (GMM). The preferential recognition of GMM antigen by MAP-infected cattle may be explained by the higher expression of GMM by MAP than by M. bovis. The bacterial species-specific nature of the CD1-restricted, adaptive T-cell response affects the approach to development of lipid based immunodiagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Maas M, Van Rhijn I, Allsopp MTEP, Rutten VPMG. Lion (Panthera leo) and cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) IFN-gamma sequences. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2009; 134:296-8. [PMID: 19913304 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2009.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Revised: 09/26/2009] [Accepted: 10/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cloning and sequencing of the full length lion and cheetah interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) transcript will enable the expression of the recombinant cytokine, to be used for production of monoclonal antibodies and to set up lion and cheetah-specific IFN-gamma ELISAs. These are relevant in blood-based diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis, an important threat to lions in the Kruger National Park. Alignment of nucleotide and amino acid sequences of lion and cheetah and that of domestic cats showed homologies of 97-100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Maas
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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