1
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Sumaria N, Fiala GJ, Inácio D, Curado-Avelar M, Cachucho A, Pinheiro R, Wiesheu R, Kimura S, Courtois L, Blankenhaus B, Darrigues J, Suske T, Almeida ARM, Minguet S, Asnafi V, Lhermitte L, Mullighan CG, Coffelt SB, Moriggl R, Barata JT, Pennington DJ, Silva-Santos B. Perinatal thymic-derived CD8αβ-expressing γδ T cells are innate IFN-γ producers that expand in IL-7R-STAT5B-driven neoplasms. Nat Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41590-024-01855-4. [PMID: 38802512 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01855-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The contribution of γδ T cells to immune responses is associated with rapid secretion of interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Here, we show a perinatal thymic wave of innate IFN-γ-producing γδ T cells that express CD8αβ heterodimers and expand in preclinical models of infection and cancer. Optimal CD8αβ+ γδ T cell development is directed by low T cell receptor signaling and through provision of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-7. This population is pathologically relevant as overactive, or constitutive, IL-7R-STAT5B signaling promotes a supraphysiological accumulation of CD8αβ+ γδ T cells in the thymus and peripheral lymphoid organs in two mouse models of T cell neoplasia. Likewise, CD8αβ+ γδ T cells define a distinct subset of human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia pediatric patients. This work characterizes the normal and malignant development of CD8αβ+ γδ T cells that are enriched in early life and contribute to innate IFN-γ responses to infection and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nital Sumaria
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Gina J Fiala
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Daniel Inácio
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Curado-Avelar
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Cachucho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rúben Pinheiro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Robert Wiesheu
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Lucien Courtois
- Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Birte Blankenhaus
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Julie Darrigues
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tobias Suske
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Afonso R M Almeida
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Susana Minguet
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center of Chronic Immunodeficiency CCI, University Clinics and Medical Faculty, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vahid Asnafi
- Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Seth B Coffelt
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - João T Barata
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Daniel J Pennington
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Bruno Silva-Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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2
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Chan S, Morgan B, Yong MK, Margetts M, Farchione AJ, Lucas EC, Godsell J, Giang NA, Slade CA, von Borstel A, Bryant VL, Howson LJ. Cytomegalovirus drives Vδ1 + γδ T cell expansion and clonality in common variable immunodeficiency. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4286. [PMID: 38769332 PMCID: PMC11106253 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48527-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The function and phenotype of γδ T cells in the context of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) has not been explored. CVID is a primary immunodeficiency disorder characterized by impaired antibody responses resulting in increased susceptibility to infections. γδ T cells are a subset of unconventional T cells that play crucial roles in host defence against infections. In this study, we aim to determine the roles and functions of γδ T cells in CVID. We observe a higher frequency of Vδ1+ γδ T cells compared to healthy controls, particularly in older patients. We also find a higher proportion of effector-memory Vδ1+ γδ T cells and a more clonal T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in CVID. The most significant driver of the Vδ1+ γδ T cell expansion and phenotype in CVID patients is persistent cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia. These findings provide valuable insights into γδ T cell biology and their contribution to immune defence in CVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Chan
- Immunology Division, Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Benjamin Morgan
- Immunology Division, Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michelle K Yong
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mai Margetts
- Immunology Division, Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony J Farchione
- Immunology Division, Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Erin C Lucas
- Immunology Division, Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jack Godsell
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Nhi Ai Giang
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Charlotte A Slade
- Immunology Division, Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anouk von Borstel
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Immunology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Vanessa L Bryant
- Immunology Division, Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Allergy, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Lauren J Howson
- Immunology Division, Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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3
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Pihl RMF, Smith-Mahoney EL, Olson A, Yuen RR, Asundi A, Lin N, Belkina AC, Snyder-Cappione JE. Vδ1 Effector and Vδ2 γδ T-Cell Subsets Shift in Frequency and Are Linked to Plasma Inflammatory Markers During Antiretroviral Therapy-Suppressed HIV Infection. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:1317-1327. [PMID: 38390982 PMCID: PMC11095541 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic inflammation is prevalent with antiretroviral therapy (ART)-suppressed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and one immune cell subset putatively driving this phenomenon is TIGIT+ γδ T cells. METHODS To elucidate γδ T-cell phenotypic diversity, spectral flow cytometry was performed on blood lymphocytes from individuals of a HIV and aging cohort and data were analyzed using bioinformatic platforms. Plasma inflammatory markers were measured and correlated with γδ T-cell subset frequencies. RESULTS Thirty-nine distinct γδ T-cell subsets were identified (22 Vδ1+, 14 Vδ2+, and 3 Vδ1-Vδ2-Vγ9+) and TIGIT was nearly exclusively found on the Vδ1+CD45RA+CD27- effector populations. People with ART-suppressed HIV infection (PWH) exhibited high frequencies of distinct clusters of Vδ1+ effectors distinguished via CD8, CD16, and CD38 expression. Among Vδ2+ cells, most Vγ9+ (innate-like) clusters were lower in PWH; however, CD27+ subsets were similar in frequency between participants with and without HIV. Comparisons by age revealed lower 'naive' Vδ1+CD45RA+CD27+ cells in older individuals, regardless of HIV status. Plasma inflammatory markers were selectively linked to subsets of Vδ1+ and Vδ2+ cells. CONCLUSIONS These results further elucidate γδ T-cell subset complexity and reveal distinct alterations and connections with inflammatory pathways of Vδ1+ effector and Vδ2+ innate-like subsets during ART-suppressed HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riley M F Pihl
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erika L Smith-Mahoney
- Department of Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alex Olson
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rachel R Yuen
- Department of Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Archana Asundi
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nina Lin
- Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna C Belkina
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer E Snyder-Cappione
- Department of Virology, Immunology, and Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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4
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Das S, Chauhan KS, Ahmed M, Akter S, Lu L, Colonna M, Khader SA. Lung type 3 innate lymphoid cells respond early following Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. mBio 2024; 15:e0329923. [PMID: 38407132 PMCID: PMC11005430 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03299-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death due to an infectious disease worldwide. Innate lymphoid type 3 cells (ILC3s) mediate early protection during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. However, the early signaling mechanisms that govern ILC3 activation or recruitment within the lung during Mtb infection are unclear. scRNA-seq analysis of Mtb-infected mouse lung innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) has revealed the presence of different clusters of ILC populations, suggesting heterogeneity. Using mouse models, we show that during Mtb infection, interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) signaling on epithelial cells drives ILC3 expansion and regulates ILC3 accumulation in the lung. Furthermore, our data revealed that C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 5 (CXCR5) signaling plays a crucial role in ILC3 recruitment from periphery during Mtb infection. Our study thus establishes the early responses that drive ILC3 accumulation during Mtb infection and points to ILC3s as a potential vaccine target. IMPORTANCE Tuberculosis is a leading cause of death due to a single infectious agent accounting for 1.6 million deaths each year. In our study, we determined the role of type 3 innate lymphoid cells in early immune events necessary for achieving protection during Mtb infection. Our study reveals distinct clusters of ILC2, ILC3, and ILC3/ILC1-like cells in Mtb infection. Moreover, our study reveal that IL-1R signaling on lung type 2 epithelial cells plays a key role in lung ILC3 accumulation during Mtb infection. CXCR5 on ILC3s is involved in ILC3 homing from periphery during Mtb infection. Thus, our study provides novel insights into the early immune mechanisms governed by innate lymphoid cells that can be targeted for potential vaccine-induced protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibali Das
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kuldeep Singh Chauhan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mushtaq Ahmed
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sadia Akter
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lan Lu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Immunobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Shabaana A. Khader
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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5
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Sutton MS, Bucsan AN, Lehman CC, Kamath M, Pokkali S, Magnani DM, Seder R, Darrah PA, Roederer M. Antibody-mediated depletion of select leukocyte subsets in blood and tissue of nonhuman primates. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1359679. [PMID: 38529287 PMCID: PMC10961357 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1359679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the immunological control of pathogens requires a detailed evaluation of the mechanistic contributions of individual cell types within the immune system. While knockout mouse models that lack certain cell types have been used to help define the role of those cells, the biological and physiological characteristics of mice do not necessarily recapitulate that of a human. To overcome some of these differences, studies often look towards nonhuman primates (NHPs) due to their close phylogenetic relationship to humans. To evaluate the immunological role of select cell types, the NHP model provides distinct advantages since NHP more closely mirror the disease manifestations and immunological characteristics of humans. However, many of the experimental manipulations routinely used in mice (e.g., gene knock-out) cannot be used with the NHP model. As an alternative, the in vivo infusion of monoclonal antibodies that target surface proteins on specific cells to either functionally inhibit or deplete cells can be a useful tool. Such depleting antibodies have been used in NHP studies to address immunological mechanisms of action. In these studies, the extent of depletion has generally been reported for blood, but not thoroughly assessed in tissues. Here, we evaluated four depleting regimens that primarily target T cells in NHP: anti-CD4, anti-CD8α, anti-CD8β, and immunotoxin-conjugated anti-CD3. We evaluated these treatments in healthy unvaccinated and IV BCG-vaccinated NHP to measure the extent that vaccine-elicited T cells - which may be activated, increased in number, or resident in specific tissues - are depleted compared to resting populations in unvaccinated NHPs. We report quantitative measurements of in vivo depletion at multiple tissue sites providing insight into the range of cell types depleted by a given mAb. While we found substantial depletion of target cell types in blood and tissue of many animals, residual cells remained, often residing within tissue. Notably, we find that animal-to-animal variation is substantial and consequently studies that use these reagents should be powered accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Sutton
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Allison N. Bucsan
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Chelsea C. Lehman
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Megha Kamath
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Supriya Pokkali
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Diogo M. Magnani
- Nonhuman Primate Reagent Resource, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Robert Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Patricia A. Darrah
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mario Roederer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
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6
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Ntostoglou K, Theodorou SDP, Proctor T, Nikas IP, Awounvo S, Sepsa A, Georgoulias V, Ryu HS, Pateras IS, Kittas C. Distinct profiles of proliferating CD8+/TCF1+ T cells and CD163+/PD-L1+ macrophages predict risk of relapse differently among treatment-naïve breast cancer subtypes. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:46. [PMID: 38349444 PMCID: PMC10864422 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03630-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Immunophenotypic analysis of breast cancer microenvironment is gaining attraction as a clinical tool improving breast cancer patient stratification. The aim of this study is to evaluate proliferating CD8 + including CD8 + TCF1 + Τ cells along with PD-L1 expressing tissue-associated macrophages among different breast cancer subtypes. A well-characterized cohort of 791 treatment-naïve breast cancer patients was included. The analysis demonstrated a distinct expression pattern among breast cancer subtypes characterized by increased CD8 + , CD163 + and CD163 + PD-L1 + cells along with high PD-L1 status and decreased fraction of CD8 + Ki67 + T cells in triple negative (TNBC) and HER2 + compared to luminal tumors. Kaplan-Meier and Cox univariate survival analysis revealed that breast cancer patients with high CD8 + , CD8 + Ki67 + , CD8 + TCF1 + cells, PD-L1 score and CD163 + PD-L1 + cells are likely to have a prolonged relapse free survival, while patients with high CD163 + cells have a worse prognosis. A differential impact of high CD8 + , CD8 + Ki67 + , CD8 + TCF1 + T cells, CD163 + PD-L1 + macrophages and PD-L1 status on prognosis was identified among the various breast cancer subtypes since only TNBC patients experience an improved prognosis compared to patients with luminal A tumors. Conversely, high infiltration by CD163 + cells is associated with worse prognosis only in patients with luminal A but not in TNBC tumors. Multivariate Cox regression analysis in TNBC patients revealed that increased CD8 + [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.542; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.309-0.950; p = 0.032), CD8 + TCF1 + (HR = 0.280; 95% CI 0.101-0.779; p = 0.015), CD163 + PD-L1 + (HR: 0.312; 95% CI 0.112-0.870; p = 0.026) cells along with PD-L1 status employing two different scoring methods (HR: 0.362; 95% CI 0.162-0.812; p = 0.014 and HR: 0.395; 95% CI 0.176-0.884; p = 0.024) were independently linked with a lower relapse rate. Multivariate analysis in Luminal type A patients revealed that increased CD163 + was independently associated with a higher relapse rate (HR = 2.360; 95% CI 1.077-5.170; p = 0.032). This study demonstrates that the evaluation of the functional status of CD8 + T cells in combination with the analysis of immunosuppressive elements could provide clinically relevant information in different breast cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Ntostoglou
- Department of Histopathology, Biomedicine Group of Health Company, 15626, Athens, Greece
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia D P Theodorou
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Tanja Proctor
- Institute of Medical Biometry, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ilias P Nikas
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, 2029, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Sinclair Awounvo
- Institute of Medical Biometry, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Athanasia Sepsa
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Metropolitan Hospital, 9 Ethnarchou Makariou & 1 E. Venizelou Street, Neo Faliro, 18547, Piraeus, Greece
| | | | - Han Suk Ryu
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 03080, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ioannis S Pateras
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Medical School, "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 124 62, Athens, Greece.
| | - Christos Kittas
- Department of Histopathology, Biomedicine Group of Health Company, 15626, Athens, Greece
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Goudi, Athens, Greece
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7
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Sutton MS, Bucsan AN, Lehman CC, Kamath M, Pokkali S, Magnani DM, Seder R, Darrah PA, Roederer M. Antibody-mediated depletion of select T cell subsets in blood and tissue of nonhuman primates. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.22.572898. [PMID: 38187627 PMCID: PMC10769432 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.22.572898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the immunological control of pathogens requires a detailed evaluation of the mechanistic contributions of individual cell types within the immune system. While knockout mouse models that lack certain cell types have been used to help define the role of those cells, the biological and physiological characteristics of mice do not necessarily recapitulate that of a human. To overcome some of these differences, studies often look towards nonhuman primates (NHPs) due to their close phylogenetic relationship to humans. To evaluate the immunological role of select cell types, the NHP model provides distinct advantages since NHP more closely mirror the disease manifestations and immunological characteristics of humans. However, many of the experimental manipulations routinely used in mice (e.g., gene knock-out) cannot be used with the NHP model. As an alternative, the in vivo infusion of monoclonal antibodies that target surface proteins on specific cells to either functionally inhibit or deplete cells can be a useful tool. Such depleting antibodies have been used in NHP studies to address immunological mechanisms of action. In these studies, the extent of depletion has generally been reported for blood, but not thoroughly assessed in tissues. Here, we evaluated four depleting regimens that primarily target T cells in NHP: anti-CD4, anti-CD8α, anti-CD8β, and immunotoxin-conjugated anti-CD3. We evaluated these treatments in healthy unvaccinated and IV BCG-vaccinated NHP to measure the extent that vaccine-elicited T cells - which may be activated, increased in number, or resident in specific tissues - are depleted compared to resting populations in unvaccinated NHPs. We report quantitative measurements of in vivo depletion at multiple tissue sites providing insight into the range of cell types depleted by a given mAb. While we found substantial depletion of target cell types in blood and tissue of many animals, residual cells remained, often residing within tissue. Notably, we find that animal-to-animal variation is substantial and consequently studies that use these reagents should be powered accordingly.
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8
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Song Z, Henze L, Casar C, Schwinge D, Schramm C, Fuss J, Tan L, Prinz I. Human γδ T cell identification from single-cell RNA sequencing datasets by modular TCR expression. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:630-638. [PMID: 37437101 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurately identifying γδ T cells in large single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets without additional single-cell γδ T cell receptor sequencing (sc-γδTCR-seq) or CITE-seq (cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes sequencing) data remains challenging. In this study, we developed a TCR module scoring strategy for human γδ T cell identification (i.e. based on modular gene expression of constant and variable TRA/TRB and TRD genes). We evaluated our method using 5' scRNA-seq datasets comprising both sc-αβTCR-seq and sc-γδTCR-seq as references and demonstrated that it can identify γδ T cells in scRNA-seq datasets with high sensitivity and accuracy. We observed a stable performance of this strategy across datasets from different tissues and different subtypes of γδ T cells. Thus, we propose this analysis method, based on TCR gene module scores, as a standardized tool for identifying and reanalyzing γδ T cells from 5'-end scRNA-seq datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Song
- Institute of Systems Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lara Henze
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Casar
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Bioinformatics Core, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dorothee Schwinge
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schramm
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Martin Zeitz Center for Rare Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Fuss
- Center for Translational Neuro- and Behavioral Sciences, Institute of Forensic Psychiatry and Sex Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Alfredstrasse 68-72, 45130 Essen, Germany
| | - Likai Tan
- Institute of Systems Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care (AIC), Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, 4/F Main Clinical Block and Trauma Centre, Hong Kong, China
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Systems Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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9
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Hu Y, Hu Q, Li Y, Lu L, Xiang Z, Yin Z, Kabelitz D, Wu Y. γδ T cells: origin and fate, subsets, diseases and immunotherapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:434. [PMID: 37989744 PMCID: PMC10663641 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01653-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The intricacy of diseases, shaped by intrinsic processes like immune system exhaustion and hyperactivation, highlights the potential of immune renormalization as a promising strategy in disease treatment. In recent years, our primary focus has centered on γδ T cell-based immunotherapy, particularly pioneering the use of allogeneic Vδ2+ γδ T cells for treating late-stage solid tumors and tuberculosis patients. However, we recognize untapped potential and optimization opportunities to fully harness γδ T cell effector functions in immunotherapy. This review aims to thoroughly examine γδ T cell immunology and its role in diseases. Initially, we elucidate functional differences between γδ T cells and their αβ T cell counterparts. We also provide an overview of major milestones in γδ T cell research since their discovery in 1984. Furthermore, we delve into the intricate biological processes governing their origin, development, fate decisions, and T cell receptor (TCR) rearrangement within the thymus. By examining the mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor functions of distinct γδ T cell subtypes based on γδTCR structure or cytokine release, we emphasize the importance of accurate subtyping in understanding γδ T cell function. We also explore the microenvironment-dependent functions of γδ T cell subsets, particularly in infectious diseases, autoimmune conditions, hematological malignancies, and solid tumors. Finally, we propose future strategies for utilizing allogeneic γδ T cells in tumor immunotherapy. Through this comprehensive review, we aim to provide readers with a holistic understanding of the molecular fundamentals and translational research frontiers of γδ T cells, ultimately contributing to further advancements in harnessing the therapeutic potential of γδ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Qinglin Hu
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China
| | - Zhinan Yin
- Biomedical Translational Research Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510632, China.
| | - Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Yangzhe Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhuhai People's Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, 519000, China.
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10
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Liu D, Yuan C, Guo C, Huang M, Lin D. Structural and Functional Insights into the Stealth Protein CpsY of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1611. [PMID: 38002293 PMCID: PMC10668966 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is an important and harmful intracellular pathogen that is responsible for the cause of tuberculosis (TB). Mtb capsular polysaccharides can misdirect the host's immune response pathways, resulting in additional challenges in TB treatment. These capsule polysaccharides are biosynthesized by stealth proteins, including CpsY. The structure and functional mechanism of Mtb CpsY are not completely delineated. Here, we reported the crystal structure of CpsY201-520 at 1.64 Å. CpsY201-520 comprises three β-sheets with five α-helices on one side and three on the other. Four conserved regions (CR1-CR4) are located near and at the base of its catalytic cavity, and three spacer segments (S1-S3) surround the catalytic cavity. Site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated the strict conservation of R419 at CR3 and S1-S3 in regulating the phosphotransferase activity of CpsY201-520. In addition, deletion of S2 or S3 (∆S2 or ∆S3) dramatically increased the activity compared to the wild-type (WT) CpsY201-520. Results from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations showed that S2 and S3 are highly flexible. Our study provides new insights for the development of new vaccines and targeted immunotherapy against Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafeng Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (D.L.); (C.G.)
| | - Cai Yuan
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China;
| | - Chenyun Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (D.L.); (C.G.)
| | - Mingdong Huang
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Donghai Lin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Spectrochemical Analysis & Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China; (D.L.); (C.G.)
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