1
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Ma S, Xue P, Valenzuela C, Liu Y, Chen Y, Feng Y, Bi R, Yang X, Yang Y, Sun C, Xu X, Wang L. 4D-Printed Adaptive and Programmable Shape-Morphing Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2025:e2505018. [PMID: 40376888 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202505018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2025] [Revised: 04/26/2025] [Indexed: 05/18/2025]
Abstract
Shape-morphing batteries that can reconfigure their shape to adapt to different tasks are highly desirable for emerging soft electronics in diverse fields. However, it is a challenging task to develop advanced shape-morphing batteries with on-demand programmability and adaptive responsiveness. Here, 4D-printed programmable shape-morphing batteries by sequentially direct-ink-writing of shape-programmable liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) and in-situ covalent crosslinked flexible zinc-ion microbatteries, where tough covalent bonding is built at the interface, are reported. The resulting shape-morphing batteries exhibit controllable, reversible, and programmable shape-morphing by controlling sophisticated molecular alignment of LCEs, which enables them to adaptively alter configurations to accommodate different functionalities. Importantly, diverse origami batteries with excellent spatiotemporal controllability are demonstrated by precisely designing active hinges to achieve adaptive transformations from folded to deployed configurations. The programmable shape-morphing mechanisms of the batteries are revealed by finite element analyses. As a proof-of-concept illustration, adaptive shape-morphing battery systems capable of interactive communication and controllable sensing are developed through the incorporation of an elaborate all-MXene-printed near-field-communication antenna, which can adaptively tune its deployment configuration according to variations in environmental humidity or dust content. This work brings new insights for the development of next-generation shape-morphing power sources, human-machine interactive electronics, and swarm intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoshuai Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Pan Xue
- Xi'an Rare Metal Materials Institute Co. Ltd, Xi'an, 710018, China
| | - Cristian Valenzuela
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yuanhao Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yufan Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ran Bi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xinnuo Yang
- Beijing Royal School, Beijing, 102299, China
| | - Yanzhao Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - CaiXia Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xinhua Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Binhai Industrial Research Institute, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300452, China
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2
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Shi Y, Pikul JH. Achieving animal endurance in robots through advanced energy storage. Sci Robot 2025; 10:eadr6125. [PMID: 40305577 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.adr6125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2025] [Indexed: 05/02/2025]
Abstract
Bioinspired mobile robots move with comparable efficiency to their animal counterparts but lag by more than an order of magnitude in system-level energy density because of battery limitations. This Review quantifies this energy gap, evaluates hardware strengths and current battery weaknesses, and proposes benchmarking frameworks for future technologies. Using Spot as a case study, we identify the battery chemistries needed to match the energy storage in animals and propose technologies to unleash robotic endurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Shi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James H Pikul
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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3
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Vecchio DA, Hammig MD, Kotov NA. High-Resolution Radiation Sensors from Flexible Network Nanocomposites of Nanoparticles and Aramid Nanofibers. ACS NANO 2025; 19:11924-11935. [PMID: 40106385 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c15939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2025]
Abstract
Rapid, sensitive, and continuous radiation detection for personnel and critical electronic equipment is essential in nuclear, medical, space, and other advanced technologies. Achieving this requires materials that combine a high cross-section for capturing high-energy photons, efficient charge carrier generation, and high conductivity while also being solution-processable, mechanically flexible, and durable for scalable, lightweight devices. Here, we demonstrate that nanostructured semiconductor composites composed of aramid nanofibers (ANFs) and CdTe nanoparticles (NPs) can meet these often-contradictory demands. These solution-processable materials exhibit high conductivity and charge collection efficiency, enabled by the self-assembly of NPs into continuous interdigitated charge-transporting pathways. Notably, the nanostructured medium enhances the photon-to-current transduction efficiency beyond that of a homogeneous material with equivalent composition and stopping power. Radiation detectors fabricated from CdTe/ANF composites achieve energy resolution for X- and γ-ray detection comparable to that of state-of-the-art high-purity germanium detectors while operating at room temperature. Furthermore, the biomimetic cartilage-like architecture of the tough ANF matrix ensures no loss of performance after 1000 bending cycles. This combination of hard-to-obtain properties makes CdTe/ANF nanocomposites promising candidates for next-generation, high-performance radiation shielding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew A Vecchio
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Mark D Hammig
- Department of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nicholas A Kotov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Center for Complex Particle Systems (COMPASS), 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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4
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Su J, He K, Li Y, Tu J, Chen X. Soft Materials and Devices Enabling Sensorimotor Functions in Soft Robots. Chem Rev 2025. [PMID: 40163535 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.4c00906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2025]
Abstract
Sensorimotor functions, the seamless integration of sensing, decision-making, and actuation, are fundamental for robots to interact with their environments. Inspired by biological systems, the incorporation of soft materials and devices into robotics holds significant promise for enhancing these functions. However, current robotics systems often lack the autonomy and intelligence observed in nature due to limited sensorimotor integration, particularly in flexible sensing and actuation. As the field progresses toward soft, flexible, and stretchable materials, developing such materials and devices becomes increasingly critical for advanced robotics. Despite rapid advancements individually in soft materials and flexible devices, their combined applications to enable sensorimotor capabilities in robots are emerging. This review addresses this emerging field by providing a comprehensive overview of soft materials and devices that enable sensorimotor functions in robots. We delve into the latest development in soft sensing technologies, actuation mechanism, structural designs, and fabrication techniques. Additionally, we explore strategies for sensorimotor control, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), and practical application across various domains such as healthcare, augmented and virtual reality, and exploration. By drawing parallels with biological systems, this review aims to guide future research and development in soft robots, ultimately enhancing the autonomy and adaptability of robots in unstructured environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangtao Su
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Ke He
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Yanzhen Li
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Jiaqi Tu
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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5
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Han ZM, Hou Y, Liu HC, Guan QF, Yang HB, Yang KP, Yin CH, Ling ZC, Zhao YX, Xia J, Zhu Y, Wu H, Whishant K, Kotov NA, Yu SH. Fast and Massive Production of Aramid Nanofibers via Molecule Intercalation. J Am Chem Soc 2025; 147:7939-7949. [PMID: 39980472 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c18620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2025]
Abstract
Para-aramid nanofibers, one of the newest high-performance building blocks at the nanoscale, have attracted great attention due to their hard-to-find property sets and ability to form high-porosity solids. However, there are great difficulties in their scalable and sustainable production because the strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds and other interactions of aramid macromolecules lead to lengthy processes with highly corrosive solvents. Taking advantage of uniquely efficient delamination of polymer nanocrystallites, here we show that the preparation time of para-aramid nanofibers can be reduced by 2520 times (from 1 week to four min), while their concentration can be increased by 10 times. Through this molecule intercalation-induced method, novel ribbon-like aramid nanofibers are prepared. The multiscale modeling indicated that delamination of nanofibers occurs via intercalation of alcohols at nanoscale interfaces. 1000 kg nanofiber dispersions were successfully prepared within half an hour in a pilot-scale test. These findings demonstrate the realism of effective aramid recycling into a wide range of multifunctional nanofiber composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Meng Han
- Department of Chemistry, New Cornerstone Science Institute, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - YuanZhen Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Hao-Cheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, New Cornerstone Science Institute, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qing-Fang Guan
- Department of Chemistry, New Cornerstone Science Institute, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Huai-Bin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, New Cornerstone Science Institute, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Kun-Peng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, New Cornerstone Science Institute, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chong-Han Yin
- Department of Chemistry, New Cornerstone Science Institute, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhang-Chi Ling
- Department of Chemistry, New Cornerstone Science Institute, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yu-Xiang Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, New Cornerstone Science Institute, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jun Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - YinBo Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - HengAn Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Complex System Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Kody Whishant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nicholas A Kotov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Materials Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Shu-Hong Yu
- Department of Chemistry, New Cornerstone Science Institute, Institute of Biomimetic Materials & Chemistry, Anhui Engineering Laboratory of Biomimetic Materials, Division of Nanomaterials & Chemistry, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Institute of Innovative Materials (I2M), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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6
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Kuznetsova V, Kadar A, Gaenko A, Er E, Ma T, Whisnant KG, Ma J, Ni B, Mehta N, Kim JY, Gun’ko YK, Kotov NA. Graph-Property Relationships for Complex Chiral Nanodendrimers. ACS NANO 2025; 19:6095-6106. [PMID: 39903700 PMCID: PMC11841040 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2024] [Revised: 01/07/2025] [Accepted: 01/08/2025] [Indexed: 02/06/2025]
Abstract
Organic, polymeric, and inorganic nanomaterials with radially diverging dendritic segments are known for their optical, physical, chemical, and biological properties inaccessible for traditional spheroidal particles. However, a methodology to quantitatively link their complex architecture to measurable properties is difficult due to the characteristically large degree of disorder, which is essential for observed property sets. Here, we address this conceptual problem using dendrimer-shaped gold particles with distinct stochastic branching and intense chiroptical activity using graph theory (GT). Unlike typical molecular or nanostructured dendrites, gold nanodendrimers are two-dimensional, with branches radially spreading within one plane. They are also chiral, with mirror asymmetry propagating through multiple scales. We demonstrate that their complex architecture is quantitatively described by image-informed GT models accounting for both regular and disordered structural components of the nanodendrimers. Furthermore, descriptors integrating topological and geometrical characteristics of particle graphs provide physics-based analytical relations to the nontrivial dependence of optical asymmetry g-factor on the particle structure. The simplicity of the GT models capable of capturing the complexity of the particle organization and related light-matter interactions enables the rapid design of scalable nanostructures with multiple functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Kuznetsova
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biointerfaces
Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- School
of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Alain Kadar
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biointerfaces
Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Center
of Complex Particle Systems (COMPASS), University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Anita Gaenko
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biointerfaces
Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Center
of Complex Particle Systems (COMPASS), University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Engin Er
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biointerfaces
Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Center
of Complex Particle Systems (COMPASS), University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biotechnology
Institute, Ankara University, Ankara 06135, Turkey
| | - Tao Ma
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kody G. Whisnant
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biointerfaces
Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Center
of Complex Particle Systems (COMPASS), University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jessica Ma
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biointerfaces
Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Center
of Complex Particle Systems (COMPASS), University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Bing Ni
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biointerfaces
Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Center
of Complex Particle Systems (COMPASS), University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Natasha Mehta
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biointerfaces
Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Center
of Complex Particle Systems (COMPASS), University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ji-Young Kim
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biointerfaces
Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yurii K. Gun’ko
- School
of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland
| | - Nicholas A. Kotov
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Biointerfaces
Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Center
of Complex Particle Systems (COMPASS), University
of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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7
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Deng D, Wei N, Wu S, Wang Z, Li H, Xu L, Li H. Deep Eutectic Solvent and Molten Salt-Assisted Construction of Wheat Straw-Derived N/O Co-Doped Porous Carbon for Flexible Zinc-Air Batteries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2025; 18:e202401223. [PMID: 39297426 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202401223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024]
Abstract
As a common biomass resource, wheat straw is gradually being derived as carbon materials for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in zinc-air batteries (ZABs). Herein, the wheat straw-derived carbon was prepared by ball milling and pyrolysis using deep eutectic solvent (DES) as the medium, which avoided the cumbersome procedures. The hydrogen bond of DES was utilized to reconstructed into a hydrogen bond network structure between DES and lignin/cellulose/hemicellulose of wheat straw. The hydrogen bond network structure was converted into N/O co-doped porous carbon (N/O-WSPC) with abundant N/O co-doped sites after high-temperature pyrolysis. Meanwhile, KHCO3 was employed to further generate hierarchical pore structures and increase the specific surface area of the N/O-WSPC. The N/O co-doped sites provided intrinsic ORR activity, while the porous structure facilitates the mass transfer effect. Therefore, the N/O-WSPC exhibited a half-wave potential of 0.87 V (vs. RHE) and a limiting current density of 5.98 mA cm-2 for ORR. The N/O-WSPC-based flexible ZAB displayed an energy density of 652.23 Wh kg-1 and a charging-discharging cycle duration for over 19 h. The DES-assisted strategy facilitates the sustainable and efficient application of wheat straw-derived carbon materials in energy storage and conversion devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daijie Deng
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Nan Wei
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Suqin Wu
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Zehui Wang
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Huaming Li
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Li Xu
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Henan Li
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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8
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Pendashteh A, Mikhalchan A, Blanco Varela T, Vilatela JJ. Opportunities for nanomaterials in more sustainable aviation. DISCOVER NANO 2024; 19:208. [PMID: 39690347 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-04087-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 12/19/2024]
Abstract
New materials for electrical conductors, energy storage, thermal management, and structural elements are required for increased electrification and non-fossil fuel use in transport. Appropriately assembled as macrostructures, nanomaterials can fill these gaps. Here, we critically review the materials science challenges to bridge the scale between the nanomaterials and the large-area components required for applications. We introduce a helpful classification based on three main macroscopic formats (fillers in a matrix, random sheets or aligned fibres) of high-aspect ratio nanoparticles, and the corresponding range of bulk properties from the commodity polymer to the high-performance fibre range. We review progress over two decades on macroscopic solids of nanomaterials (CNTs, graphene, nanowires, etc.), providing a framework to rationalise the transfer of their molecular-scale properties to the scale of engineering components and discussing strategies that overcome the envelope of current aerospace materials. Macroscopic materials in the form of organised networks of high aspect ratio nanomaterials have higher energy density than regular electrodes, superior mechanical properties to the best carbon fibres, and electrical and thermal conductivity above metals. Discussion on extended electrical properties focuses on nanocarbon-based materials (e.g., doped or metal-hybridised) as power or protective conductors and on conductive nanoinks for integrated conductors. Nanocomposite electrodes are enablers of hybrid/electric propulsion by eliminating electrical transport limitations, stabilising emerging high energy density battery electrodes, through high-power pseudocapacitive nanostructured networks, or downsizing Pt-free catalysts in flying fuel cells. Thermal management required in electrified aircraft calls for nanofluids and loop heat pipes of nanoporous conductors. Semi-industrial interlaminar reinforcement using nanomaterials addresses present structural components. Estimated improvements for mid-range aircraft include > 1 tonne weight reduction, eliminating hundreds of CO2 tonnes released per year and supporting hybrid/electric propulsion by 2035.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Pendashteh
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel 2, 28906, Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Juan J Vilatela
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel 2, 28906, Getafe, Madrid, Spain.
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9
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Liu X, Jin S, Shao Y, Kuperman S, Pratt A, Zhang D, Lo J, Joo YL, Gat AD, Archer LA, Shepherd RF. The multifunctional use of an aqueous battery for a high capacity jellyfish robot. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadq7430. [PMID: 39602530 PMCID: PMC11601206 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adq7430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 10/24/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024]
Abstract
The batteries that power untethered underwater vehicles (UUVs) serve a single purpose: to provide energy to electronics and motors; the more energy required, the bigger the robot must be to accommodate space for more energy storage. By choosing batteries composed primarily of liquid media [e.g., redox flow batteries (RFBs)], the increased weight can be better distributed for improved capacity with reduced inertial moment. Here, we formed an RFB into the shape of a jellyfish, using two redox chemistries and architectures: (i) a secondary ZnBr2 battery and (ii) a hybrid primary/secondary ZnI2 battery. A UUV was able to be powered solely by RFBs with increased volumetric (Q ~ 11 ampere-hours per liter) and areal (108 milliampere-hours per square centimeter) energy density, resulting in a long operational lifetime (T ~ 1.5 hours) for UUVs composed of primarily electrochemically energy-dense liquid (~90% of the robot's weight).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Shuo Jin
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yiqi Shao
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Sofia Kuperman
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Autumn Pratt
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Duhan Zhang
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Jacqueline Lo
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yong Lak Joo
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Amir D. Gat
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Lynden A. Archer
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Robert F. Shepherd
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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10
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Yang R, Bernardino K, Xiao X, Gomes WR, Mattoso DA, Kotov NA, Bogdan P, de Moura AF. Graph Theoretical Description of Phase Transitions in Complex Multiscale Phases with Supramolecular Assemblies. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2402464. [PMID: 38952077 PMCID: PMC11967988 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Phase transitions are typically quantified using order parameters, such as crystal lattice distances and radial distribution functions, which can identify subtle changes in crystalline materials or high-contrast phases with large structural differences. However, the identification of phases with high complexity, multiscale organization and of complex patterns during the structural fluctuations preceding phase transitions, which are essential for understanding the system pathways between phases, is challenging for those traditional analyses. Here, it is shown that for two model systems- thermotropic liquid crystals and a lyotropic water/surfactant mixtures-graph theoretical (GT) descriptors can successfully identify complex phases combining molecular and nanoscale levels of organization that are hard to characterize with traditional methodologies. Furthermore, the GT descriptors also reveal the pathways between the different phases. Specifically, centrality parameters and node-based fractal dimension quantify the system behavior preceding the transitions, capturing fluctuation-induced breakup of aggregates and their long-range cooperative interactions. GT parameterization can be generalized for a wide range of chemical systems and be instrumental for the growth mechanisms of complex nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruochen Yang
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90089USA
- Center of Complex Particle Systems (COMPASS)Ann ArborMI48109‐2102USA
| | - Kalil Bernardino
- Department of ChemistryFederal University of São CarlosSão CarlosSP13565‐905Brazil
| | - Xiongye Xiao
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90089USA
- Center of Complex Particle Systems (COMPASS)Ann ArborMI48109‐2102USA
| | - Weverson R. Gomes
- Department of ChemistryFederal University of São CarlosSão CarlosSP13565‐905Brazil
| | - Davi A. Mattoso
- Department of ChemistryFederal University of São CarlosSão CarlosSP13565‐905Brazil
| | - Nicholas A. Kotov
- Center of Complex Particle Systems (COMPASS)Ann ArborMI48109‐2102USA
- Department of Chemical EngineeringDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringBiointerfaces InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109‐2102USA
| | - Paul Bogdan
- Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA90089USA
- Center of Complex Particle Systems (COMPASS)Ann ArborMI48109‐2102USA
| | - André F. de Moura
- Department of ChemistryFederal University of São CarlosSão CarlosSP13565‐905Brazil
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11
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Zhang G, Yang S, Yang JF, Gonzalez-Medrano D, Miskin MZ, Koman VB, Zeng Y, Li SX, Kuehne M, Liu AT, Brooks AM, Kumar M, Strano MS. High energy density picoliter-scale zinc-air microbatteries for colloidal robotics. Sci Robot 2024; 9:eade4642. [PMID: 39141708 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.ade4642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
The recent interest in microscopic autonomous systems, including microrobots, colloidal state machines, and smart dust, has created a need for microscale energy storage and harvesting. However, macroscopic materials for energy storage have noted incompatibilities with microfabrication techniques, creating substantial challenges to realizing microscale energy systems. Here, we photolithographically patterned a microscale zinc/platinum/SU-8 system to generate the highest energy density microbattery at the picoliter (10-12 liter) scale. The device scavenges ambient or solution-dissolved oxygen for a zinc oxidation reaction, achieving an energy density ranging from 760 to 1070 watt-hours per liter at scales below 100 micrometers lateral and 2 micrometers thickness in size. The parallel nature of photolithography processes allows 10,000 devices per wafer to be released into solution as colloids with energy stored on board. Within a volume of only 2 picoliters each, these primary microbatteries can deliver open circuit voltages of 1.05 ± 0.12 volts, with total energies ranging from 5.5 ± 0.3 to 7.7 ± 1.0 microjoules and a maximum power near 2.7 nanowatts. We demonstrated that such systems can reliably power a micrometer-sized memristor circuit, providing access to nonvolatile memory. We also cycled power to drive the reversible bending of microscale bimorph actuators at 0.05 hertz for mechanical functions of colloidal robots. Additional capabilities, such as powering two distinct nanosensor types and a clock circuit, were also demonstrated. The high energy density, low volume, and simple configuration promise the mass fabrication and adoption of such picoliter zinc-air batteries for micrometer-scale, colloidal robotics with autonomous functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sungyun Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jing Fan Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - David Gonzalez-Medrano
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marc Z Miskin
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Volodymyr B Koman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yuwen Zeng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sylvia Xin Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Matthias Kuehne
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Albert Tianxiang Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Allan M Brooks
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Mahesh Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, 342030, India
| | - Michael S Strano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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12
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Kalutantirige FC, He J, Yao L, Cotty S, Zhou S, Smith JW, Tajkhorshid E, Schroeder CM, Moore JS, An H, Su X, Li Y, Chen Q. Beyond nothingness in the formation and functional relevance of voids in polymer films. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2852. [PMID: 38605028 PMCID: PMC11009415 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46584-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Voids-the nothingness-broadly exist within nanomaterials and impact properties ranging from catalysis to mechanical response. However, understanding nanovoids is challenging due to lack of imaging methods with the needed penetration depth and spatial resolution. Here, we integrate electron tomography, morphometry, graph theory and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation to study the formation of interconnected nanovoids in polymer films and their impacts on permeance and nanomechanical behaviour. Using polyamide membranes for molecular separation as a representative system, three-dimensional electron tomography at nanometre resolution reveals nanovoid formation from coalescence of oligomers, supported by coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. Void analysis provides otherwise inaccessible inputs for accurate fittings of methanol permeance for polyamide membranes. Three-dimensional structural graphs accounting for the tortuous nanovoids within, measure higher apparent moduli with polyamide membranes of higher graph rigidity. Our study elucidates the significance of nanovoids beyond the nothingness, impacting the synthesis‒morphology‒function relationships of complex nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jinlong He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Lehan Yao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Stephen Cotty
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Shan Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - John W Smith
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Emad Tajkhorshid
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- NIH Resource for Macromolecular Modelling and Visualization, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Charles M Schroeder
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Moore
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Hyosung An
- Department of Petrochemical Materials Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Jeollanam-do, 59631, South Korea
| | - Xiao Su
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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13
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Xiao Q, Dai M, Huang M, Lim LT. Bioinspired pullulan-starch nanoplatelets nanocomposite films with enhanced mechanical properties. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 329:121769. [PMID: 38286544 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Inspired by the leaf-vein network structure, the pullulan-starch nanoplatelets (SNPs) bioinspired films with enhanced strength and toughness were successfully fabricated through a water evaporation-induced self-assembly technique. SNPs (SNP200 and SNP600) of two sizes were separated by differential centrifugation. Interactions between SNPs and pullulan during drying resulted in the vein-like network structure in both nanocomposite films when the appropriate amounts of SNP200 or SNP600 were added to pullulan, respectively. The TS and toughness values of pullulan with 1 % w/w SNP200 films reached up to 51.05 MPa and 69.65 MJ·m-3, which were 86 % and 223 % higher than those of the neat pullulan films, respectively. Moreover, the TS and toughness values of pullulan-SNP200 were significantly higher than those of pullulan-SNP600 films, when SNP content exceeded the 1 % w/w level. By applying a graph theory, the network structures were found to correlate with the mechanical properties of the pullulan-SNPs bioinspired films. The new strategy for designing starch nanoplatelets-based edible films that combine mechanical strength and toughness holds promises for the development of novel biobased composite materials for food packaging application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xiao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128 Hunan, China.
| | - Miaoqi Dai
- School of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128 Hunan, China
| | - Min Huang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128 Hunan, China
| | - Loong-Tak Lim
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1 Ontario, Canada
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14
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Li C, Zhang M, Li P, Ren HR, Wu X, Piao Z, Xiao X, Zhang M, Liang X, Wu X, Chen B, Li H, Han Z, Liu J, Qiu L, Zhou G, Cheng HM. Self-Assembly of Ultrathin, Ultrastrong Layered Membranes by Protic Solvent Penetration. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3553-3563. [PMID: 38285529 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Flexible membranes with ultrathin thickness and excellent mechanical properties have shown great potential for broad uses in solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs), on-skin electronics, etc. However, an ultrathin membrane (<5 μm) is rarely reported in the above applications due to the inherent trade-off between thickness and antifailure ability. We discover a protic solvent penetration strategy to prepare ultrathin, ultrastrong layered films through a continuous interweaving of aramid nanofibers (ANFs) with the assistance of simultaneous protonation and penetration of a protic solvent. The thickness of a pure ANF film can be controlled below 5 μm, with a tensile strength of 556.6 MPa, allowing us to produce the thinnest SPE (3.4 μm). The resultant SPEs enable Li-S batteries to cycle over a thousand times at a high rate of 1C due to the small ionic impedance conferred by the ultrathin characteristic and regulated ionic transportation. Besides, a high loading of the sulfur cathode (4 mg cm-2) with good sulfur utilization was achieved at a mild temperature (35 °C), which is difficult to realize in previously reported solid-state Li-S batteries. Through a simple laminating process at the wet state, the thicker film (tens of micrometers) obtained exhibits mechanical properties comparable to those of thin films and possesses the capability to withstand high-velocity projectile impacts, indicating that our technique features a high degree of thickness controllability. We believe that it can serve as a valuable tool to assemble nanomaterials into ultrathin, ultrastrong membranes for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Li
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mengtian Zhang
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Peixuan Li
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hong-Rui Ren
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xian Wu
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhihong Piao
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mingxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan Provincial Key Lab of Fine Chemistry, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiangyu Liang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Xinru Wu
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Biao Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hong Li
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhiyuan Han
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guangmin Zhou
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Faculty of Materials Science and Energy Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
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15
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Cao Y, Luo B, Javaid A, Jung HJ, Ma T, Lim C, Emre A, Wang X, Kotov NA. Complex Materials with Stochastic Structural Patterns: Spiky Colloids with Enhanced Charge Storage Capacity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305085. [PMID: 38036421 PMCID: PMC10811480 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled materials with complex nanoscale and mesoscale architecture attract considerable attention in energy and sustainability technologies. Their high performance can be attributed to high surface area, quantum effects, and hierarchical organization. Delineation of these contributions is, however, difficult because complex materials display stochastic structural patterns combining both order and disorder, which is difficult to be consistently reproduced yet being important for materials' functionality. Their compositional variability make systematic studies even harder. Here, a model system of FeSe2 "hedgehog" particles (HPs) was selected to gain insight into the mechanisms of charge storage n complex nanostructured materials common for batteries and supercapacitors. Specifically, HPs represent self-assembled biomimetic nanomaterials with a medium level of complexity; they display an organizational pattern of spiky colloids with considerable disorder yet non-random; this patternt is consistently reproduced from particle to particle. . It was found that HPs can accommodate ≈70× greater charge density than spheroidal nano- and microparticles. Besides expanded surface area, the enhanced charge storage capacity was enabled by improved hole transport and reversible atomic conformations of FeSe2 layers in the blade-like spikes associated with the rotatory motion of the Se atoms around Fe center. The dispersibility of HPs also enables their easy integration into energy storage devices. HPs quadruple stored electrochemical energy and double the storage modulus of structural supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cao
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Biointerface InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Bingcheng Luo
- College of ScienceChina Agriculture UniversityBeijing100083China
| | - Atif Javaid
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Biointerface InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Department of Polymer EngineeringUniversity of Engineering and TechnologyG. T. RoadLahore54890Pakistan
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Hong Ju Jung
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Biointerface InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Center for Complex Particle Systems (COMPASS)University of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Michigan Center for Materials CharacterizationUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Chung‐Man Lim
- Biointerface InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Center for Complex Particle Systems (COMPASS)University of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Ahmet Emre
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Biointerface InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Center for Complex Particle Systems (COMPASS)University of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Nicholas A. Kotov
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Biointerface InstituteUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Center for Complex Particle Systems (COMPASS)University of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Department of Macromolecular Science and EngineeringUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
- Department of AeronauticsFaculty of EngineeringImperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusLondonSW7 2AZUK
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16
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Zou X, Zhang YR, Huang ZP, Yue K, Guo ZH. High-entropy oxides: an emerging anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13535-13550. [PMID: 37877745 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04225a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
High entropy oxides (HEOs) have gained significant attention in multiple research fields, particularly in reversible energy storage. HEOs with rock-salt and spinel structures have shown excellent reversible capacity and longer cycle spans compared to traditional conversion-type anodes. However, research on HEOs and their electrochemical performance remains at an early stage. In this highlight, we review recent progress on HEO materials in the field of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Firstly, we introduce the synthesis methods of HEOs and some factors that affect the morphology and electrochemical properties of the synthesized materials. We then elaborate on the structural evolution of HEOs with rock-salt and spinel structures in lithium energy storage and summarize the relationship between morphology, pseudocapacitance effect, oxygen vacancy, and electrochemical performance. In the end, we give the challenges of HEO anodes for LIBs and present our opinions on how to guide the further development of HEOs for advanced anodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xikun Zou
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Yi-Ruo Zhang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Ze-Ping Huang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Kan Yue
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Hao Guo
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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17
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Guo Y, Lim GJH, Verma V, Cai Y, Chua R, Nicholas Lim JJ, Srinivasan M. Solid State Zinc and Aluminum ion batteries: Challenges and Opportunities. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202202297. [PMID: 37424157 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) and aluminum-ion batteries (AIBs) are deemed as promising candidates for supplying power in wearable devices due to merits of low cost, high safety, and tunable flexibility. However, their wide-scale practical application is limited by various challenges, down to the material level. This Review begins with elaboration of the root causes and their detrimental effect for four main limitations: electrode-electrolyte interface contact, electrolyte ionic conductivity, mechanical strength, and electrochemical stability window of the electrolyte. Thereafter, various strategies to mitigate each of the described limitation are discussed along with future research direction perspectives. Finally, to estimate the viability of these technologies for wearable applications, economic-performance metrics are compared against Li-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Faculty Ave, 639977, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gwendolyn J H Lim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Faculty Ave, 639977, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Vivek Verma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Faculty Ave, 639977, Singapore, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University, Research Techno Plaza, 50, Singapore, Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore
| | - Yi Cai
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University, Research Techno Plaza, 50, Singapore, Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore
| | - Rodney Chua
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University, Research Techno Plaza, 50, Singapore, Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore
| | - J J Nicholas Lim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Faculty Ave, 639977, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Madhavi Srinivasan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Faculty Ave, 639977, Singapore, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute at Nanyang Technological University, Research Techno Plaza, 50, Singapore, Nanyang Drive, 637553, Singapore
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18
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Wang Y, Chen J, Su G, Mei J, Li J. A Review of Single-Cell Microrobots: Classification, Driving Methods and Applications. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1710. [PMID: 37763873 PMCID: PMC10537272 DOI: 10.3390/mi14091710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell microrobots are new microartificial devices that use a combination of single cells and artificial devices, with the advantages of small size, easy degradation and ease of manufacture. With externally driven strategies such as light fields, sound fields and magnetic fields, microrobots are able to carry out precise micromanipulations and movements in complex microenvironments. Therefore, single-cell microrobots have received more and more attention and have been greatly developed in recent years. In this paper, we review the main classifications, control methods and recent advances in the field of single-cell microrobot applications. First, different types of robots, such as cell-based microrobots, bacteria-based microrobots, algae-based microrobots, etc., and their design strategies and fabrication processes are discussed separately. Next, three types of external field-driven technologies, optical, acoustic and magnetic, are presented and operations realized in vivo and in vitro by applying these three technologies are described. Subsequently, the results achieved by these robots in the fields of precise delivery, minimally invasive therapy are analyzed. Finally, a short summary is given and current challenges and future work on microbial-based robotics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Junyang Li
- School of Electronic Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China; (Y.W.); (J.C.); (G.S.); (J.M.)
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19
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20
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Yan Y, Duan S, Liu B, Wu S, Alsaid Y, Yao B, Nandi S, Du Y, Wang TW, Li Y, He X. Tough Hydrogel Electrolytes for Anti-Freezing Zinc-Ion Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211673. [PMID: 36932878 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
As the soaring demand for energy storage continues to grow, batteries that can cope with extreme conditions are highly desired. Yet, existing battery materials are limited by weak mechanical properties and freeze-vulnerability, prohibiting safe energy storage in devices that are exposed to low temperature and unusual mechanical impacts. Herein, a fabrication method harnessing the synergistic effect of co-nonsolvency and "salting-out" that can produce poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel electrolytes with unique open-cell porous structures, composed of strongly aggregated polymer chains, and containing disrupted hydrogen bonds among free water molecules, is introduced. The hydrogel electrolyte simultaneously combines high strength (tensile strength 15.6 MPa), freeze-tolerance (< -77 °C), high mass transport (10× lower overpotential), and dendrite and parasitic reactions suppression for stable performance (30 000 cycles). The high generality of this method is further demonstrated with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and poly(N-tertbutylacrylamide-co-acrylamide) hydrogels. This work takes a further step toward flexible battery development for harsh environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sidi Duan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Shuwang Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yousif Alsaid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Bowen Yao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sunny Nandi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Physics, Tezpur University, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Yingjie Du
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ta-Wei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Yuzhang Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ximin He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California Nanosystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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21
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Zhang X, Ao K, Daoud WA. Nano-sphere RuO 2 embedded in MOF-derived carbon arrays as a dual-matrix anode for cost-effective electrochemical wastewater treatment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 865:161126. [PMID: 36587675 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The electrodes' activity, surface area and cost hinder the deployment of electrochemical wastewater treatment. Using an economical microfiber-based carbon felt (CF) substrate, we design RuO2 nanospheres confined by CoxO cooperated carbon nanoarrays (RuO2-CoxO@TCF) to augment noble metal utilization and thus reduce the catalyst cost. RuO2-CoxO@TCF anode with vertical diffusion channels exhibits rapid generation ability of oxidizing species particularity in the presence of Cl- ions, which play a crucial role in azo bond cleavage and benzene ring chlorination of methyl orange. As a result, the catalyst shows 99.5 % color removal and ∼ 70 % mineralization efficiency at a concentration of 60 ppm. In synthetic dyeing wastewater, RuO2-CoxO@TCF delivers a stable total organic carbon (TOC) removal throughout ten cycling tests. Moreover, the electricity consumption of RuO2-CoxO@TCF is far below the reference anode, showing great promise for dye degradation and remediation of industrial wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kelong Ao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China
| | - Walid A Daoud
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong, China.
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22
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Zhong X, Zheng Z, Xu J, Xiao X, Sun C, Zhang M, Ma J, Xu B, Yu K, Zhang X, Cheng HM, Zhou G. Flexible Zinc-Air Batteries with Ampere-Hour Capacities and Wide-Temperature Adaptabilities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209980. [PMID: 36716772 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Flexible Zn-air batteries (FZABs) have significant potentials as efficient energy storage devices for wearable electronics because of their safeties and high energy-to-cost ratios. However, their application is limited by their short cycle lives, low discharge capacities per cycle, and high charge/discharge polarizations. Accordingly, herein, a poly(sodium acrylate)-polyvinyl alcohol (PANa-PVA)-ionic liquid (IL) hydrogel (PANa-PVA-IL) is prepared using a hygroscopic IL, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, as an additive for twin-chain PANa-PVA. PANa-PVA-IL exhibits a high conductivity of 306.9 mS cm-1 and a water uptake of 2515 wt% at room temperature. Moreover, a low-cost bifunctional catalyst, namely, Co9 S8 nanoparticles anchored on N- and S-co-doped activated carbon black pearls 2000 (Co9 S8 -NSABP), is synthesized, which demonstrates a low O2 reversibility potential gap of 0.629 V. FZABs based on PANa-PVA-IL and Co9 S8 -NSABP demonstrate high discharge capacities of 1.67 mAh cm-2 per cycle and long cycle lives of 330 h. Large-scale flexible rechargeable Zn-air pouch cells exhibit total capacities of 1.03 Ah and energy densities of 246 Wh kgcell -1 . This study provides new information about hydrogels with high ionic conductivities and water uptakes and should facilitate the application of FZABs in wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongwei Zhong
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhiyang Zheng
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiahe Xu
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chongbo Sun
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Mengtian Zhang
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiabin Ma
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Baomin Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Kuang Yu
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Faculty of Materials Science and Energy Engineering/Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 72 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Guangmin Zhou
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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23
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Nepal D, Kang S, Adstedt KM, Kanhaiya K, Bockstaller MR, Brinson LC, Buehler MJ, Coveney PV, Dayal K, El-Awady JA, Henderson LC, Kaplan DL, Keten S, Kotov NA, Schatz GC, Vignolini S, Vollrath F, Wang Y, Yakobson BI, Tsukruk VV, Heinz H. Hierarchically structured bioinspired nanocomposites. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:18-35. [PMID: 36446962 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01384-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Next-generation structural materials are expected to be lightweight, high-strength and tough composites with embedded functionalities to sense, adapt, self-repair, morph and restore. This Review highlights recent developments and concepts in bioinspired nanocomposites, emphasizing tailoring of the architecture, interphases and confinement to achieve dynamic and synergetic responses. We highlight cornerstone examples from natural materials with unique mechanical property combinations based on relatively simple building blocks produced in aqueous environments under ambient conditions. A particular focus is on structural hierarchies across multiple length scales to achieve multifunctionality and robustness. We further discuss recent advances, trends and emerging opportunities for combining biological and synthetic components, state-of-the-art characterization and modelling approaches to assess the physical principles underlying nature-inspired design and mechanical responses at multiple length scales. These multidisciplinary approaches promote the synergetic enhancement of individual materials properties and an improved predictive and prescriptive design of the next era of structural materials at multilength scales for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhriti Nepal
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA.
| | - Saewon Kang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Katarina M Adstedt
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Krishan Kanhaiya
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Michael R Bockstaller
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - L Catherine Brinson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Markus J Buehler
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Peter V Coveney
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kaushik Dayal
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jaafar A El-Awady
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luke C Henderson
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Sinan Keten
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Nicholas A Kotov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Yusu Wang
- Halıcıoğlu Data Science Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Boris I Yakobson
- Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vladimir V Tsukruk
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Hendrik Heinz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
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24
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Abstract
The growing trend of intelligent devices ranging from wearables and soft robots to artificial intelligence has set a high demand for smart batteries. Hydrogels provide opportunities for smart batteries to self-adjust their functions according to the operation conditions. Despite the progress in hydrogel-based smart batteries, a gap remains between the designable functions of diverse hydrogels and the expected performance of batteries. In this Perspective, we first briefly introduce the fundamentals of hydrogels, including formation, structure, and characteristics of the internal water and ions. Batteries that operate under unusual mechanical and temperature conditions enabled by hydrogels are highlighted. Challenges and opportunities for further development of hydrogels are outlined to propose future research in smart batteries toward all-climate power sources and intelligent wearables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihua Yang
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jin-Lin Yang
- School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Kang Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Hydrodynamic Transients, School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hong Jin Fan
- School of Physical and Mathematical Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
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25
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Zhang W, Zhang R, Shi M, Ma L, Huang Y. Hierarchical polygon Co3O4 flakes/N,O-dual doped porous carbon frameworks for flexible hybrid supercapacitors. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Phillips JW, Prominski A, Tian B. Recent advances in materials and applications for bioelectronic and biorobotic systems. VIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W. Phillips
- Department of Chemistry The University of Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Aleksander Prominski
- Department of Chemistry The University of Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
- The James Franck Institute The University of Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
- The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics The University of Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
| | - Bozhi Tian
- Department of Chemistry The University of Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
- The James Franck Institute The University of Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
- The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics The University of Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
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27
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Towards enduring autonomous robots via embodied energy. Nature 2022; 602:393-402. [PMID: 35173338 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04138-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Autonomous robots comprise actuation, energy, sensory and control systems built from materials and structures that are not necessarily designed and integrated for multifunctionality. Yet, animals and other organisms that robots strive to emulate contain highly sophisticated and interconnected systems at all organizational levels, which allow multiple functions to be performed simultaneously. Herein, we examine how system integration and multifunctionality in nature inspires a new paradigm for autonomous robots that we call Embodied Energy. Whereas most untethered robots use batteries to store energy and power their operation, recent advancements in energy-storage techniques enable chemical or electrical energy sources to be embodied directly within the structures and materials used to create robots, rather than requiring separate battery packs. This perspective highlights emerging examples of Embodied Energy in the context of developing autonomous robots.
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28
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Multifactorial engineering of biomimetic membranes for batteries with multiple high-performance parameters. Nat Commun 2022; 13:278. [PMID: 35022406 PMCID: PMC8755825 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27861-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have a high specific capacity, but lithium polysulfide (LPS) diffusion and lithium dendrite growth drastically reduce their cycle life. High discharge rates also necessitate their resilience to high temperature. Here we show that biomimetic self-assembled membranes from aramid nanofibers (ANFs) address these challenges. Replicating the fibrous structure of cartilage, multifactorial engineering of ion-selective mechanical, and thermal properties becomes possible. LPS adsorption on ANF surface creates a layer of negative charge on nanoscale pores blocking LPS transport. The batteries using cartilage-like bioinspired ANF membranes exhibited a close-to-theoretical-maximum capacity of 1268 mAh g−1, up to 3500+ cycle life, and up to 3C discharge rates. Essential for safety, the high thermal resilience of ANFs enables operation at temperatures up to 80 °C. The simplicity of synthesis and recyclability of ANFs open the door for engineering high-performance materials for numerous energy technologies. Lithium–sulfur batteries have a high specific capacity, but lithium polysulfide diffusion (LPS) and dendrite growth reduce their cycle life. Here, the authors show a biomimetic aramid nanofiber membrane for effectively suppressing LPS diffusion as well as lithium dendrites while allowing lithium ions to be transported. The membranes resists performance degradation at high temperatures and can be produced at scale by Kevlar recycling.
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29
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Martynková GS, Kratošová G, Brožová S, Sathish SK. Recyclability, circular economy, and environmental aspects of lithium–sulfur batteries. LITHIUM-SULFUR BATTERIES 2022:653-672. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91934-0.00006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
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30
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Yang P, Li J, Lee SW, Fan HJ. Printed Zinc Paper Batteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103894. [PMID: 34741445 PMCID: PMC8760176 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Paper electronics offer an environmentally sustainable option for flexible and wearable systems and perfectly fit the available printing technologies for high manufacturing efficiency. As the heart of energy-consuming devices, paper-based batteries are required to be compatible with printing processes with high fidelity. Herein, hydrogel reinforced cellulose paper (HCP) is designed to serve as the separator and solid electrolyte for paper batteries. The HCP can sustain higher strain than pristine papers and are biodegradable in natural environment within four weeks. Zinc-metal (Ni and Mn) batteries printed on the HCP present remarkable volumetric energy density of ≈26 mWh cm-3 , and also demonstrate the feature of cuttability and compatibility with flexible circuits and devices. As a result, self-powered electronic system could be constructed by integrating printed paper batteries with solar cells and light-emitting diodes. The result highlights the feasibility of hydrogel reinforced paper for ubiquitous flexible and eco-friendly electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihua Yang
- School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore637371Singapore
| | - Jia Li
- Rolls‐Royce@NTU Corporate LabNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
| | - Seok Woo Lee
- Rolls‐Royce@NTU Corporate LabNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
| | - Hong Jin Fan
- School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore637371Singapore
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX)Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore639798Singapore
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31
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Deciphering the generating rules and functionalities of complex networks. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22964. [PMID: 34824290 PMCID: PMC8616909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Network theory helps us understand, analyze, model, and design various complex systems. Complex networks encode the complex topology and structural interactions of various systems in nature. To mine the multiscale coupling, heterogeneity, and complexity of natural and technological systems, we need expressive and rigorous mathematical tools that can help us understand the growth, topology, dynamics, multiscale structures, and functionalities of complex networks and their interrelationships. Towards this end, we construct the node-based fractal dimension (NFD) and the node-based multifractal analysis (NMFA) framework to reveal the generating rules and quantify the scale-dependent topology and multifractal features of a dynamic complex network. We propose novel indicators for measuring the degree of complexity, heterogeneity, and asymmetry of network structures, as well as the structure distance between networks. This formalism provides new insights on learning the energy and phase transitions in the networked systems and can help us understand the multiple generating mechanisms governing the network evolution.
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32
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Vecchio DA, Mahler SH, Hammig MD, Kotov NA. Structural Analysis of Nanoscale Network Materials Using Graph Theory. ACS NANO 2021; 15:12847-12859. [PMID: 34313122 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many materials with remarkable properties are structured as percolating nanoscale networks (PNNs). The design of this rapidly expanding family of composites and nanoporous materials requires a unifying approach for their structural description. However, their complex aperiodic architectures are difficult to describe using traditional methods that are tailored for crystals. Another problem is the lack of computational tools that enable one to capture and enumerate the patterns of stochastically branching fibrils that are typical for these composites. Here, we describe a computational package, StructuralGT, to automatically produce a graph theoretical (GT) description of PNNs from various micrographs that addresses both challenges. Using nanoscale networks formed by aramid nanofibers as examples, we demonstrate rapid structural analysis of PNNs with 13 GT parameters. Unlike qualitative assessments of physical features employed previously, StructuralGT allows researchers to quantitatively describe the complex structural attributes of percolating networks enumerating the network's morphology, connectivity, and transfer patterns. The accurate conversion and analysis of micrographs was obtained for various levels of noise, contrast, focus, and magnification, while a graphical user interface provides accessibility. In perspective, the calculated GT parameters can be correlated to specific material properties of PNNs (e.g., ion transport, conductivity, stiffness) and utilized by machine learning tools for effectual materials design.
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33
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Kim MH, Nam S, Oh M, Lee HJ, Jang B, Hyun S. Bioinspired, Shape-Morphing Scale Battery for Untethered Soft Robots. Soft Robot 2021; 9:486-496. [PMID: 34402653 DOI: 10.1089/soro.2020.0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Geometrically multifunctional structures inspired by nature can address the challenges in the development of soft robotics. A bioinspired structure based on origami and kirigami can significantly enhance the stretchability and reliability of soft robots. This study proposes a novel structure with individual, overlapping units, similar to snake scales that can be used to construct shape-morphing batteries for untethered soft robots. The structure is created by folding well-defined, two-dimensional patterns with cutouts. The folding lines mimic the hinge structure of snakeskin, enabling stable deformations without mechanical damage to rigid cells. The structure realizes multi-axial deformability and a zero Poisson's ratio without off-axis distortion to the loading axis. Moreover, to maximize areal density, the optimal cell shape is designed as a hexagon. The structure is applied to a stretchable Li-ion battery, constructed to form an arrangement of electrically interconnected, hexagonal pouch cells. In situ electrochemical characterization and numerical simulation confirm that the shape-morphing scale battery maintains its performance under dynamic deformation with a 90% stretching ratio and 10-mm-radius bending curve, guaranteeing a long-lasting charging/discharging cycle life during cyclic bending and stretching (exceeding 36,000 cycles). Finally, the shape-morphing energy storage device is applied to movable robots, mimicking crawling and slithering, to demonstrate excellent conformability and deformability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung-Ho Kim
- Department of Nano-Mechanics, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials (KIMM), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghoon Nam
- Department of Nano-Mechanics, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials (KIMM), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsub Oh
- Department of Nano-Mechanics, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials (KIMM), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoo-Jeong Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Smart Fab. Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongkyun Jang
- Department of Nano-Mechanics, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials (KIMM), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Nanomechatronics, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Hyun
- Department of Nano-Mechanics, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials (KIMM), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Nanomechatronics, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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34
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Xie C, Guo ZX, Qiu T, Tuo X. Construction of Aramid Engineering Materials via Polymerization-Induced para-Aramid Nanofiber Hydrogel. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2101280. [PMID: 34176178 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The processing of poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) has long been a great challenge. This work reports a simple "monomers-nanofibers-macroscopic product" (MNM) hierarchical self-assembly approach to build 3D all-PPTA engineering materials. This approach mainly includes the preparation of polymerization-induced aramid nanofibers (PANFs) from monomers and the fabrication of all-PPTA materials from PANF hydrogel. Various 3D architectures, including simple solid bulks and sophisticated honeycombs (HCs), are obtained after the dehydration and shrinking of the PANF hydrogel. The tensile strength and compressive yield strength of PANF bulk are more than 62 and 90 MPa, respectively, which are comparable to typical engineering plastics. The compressive strength of PANF HC with a density of 360 kg m-3 is more than 24 MPa. The thermal stability of PANF bulk and PANF HC are as good as that of Kevlar fiber and almost no decomposition occurred before 500 °C in a nitrogen atmosphere. Furthermore, the MNM process is performed under mild conditions, without high temperature, high pressure, or corrosive solvent. The MNM process is a novel strategy for the processing of all aromatic polyamide materials with complex structures and high performances and would be another development since the breakthrough of liquid crystal spinning technology of PPTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjie Xie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, No. 1, Tsinghua Garden, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Xia Guo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, No. 1, Tsinghua Garden, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Teng Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15, North Third Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xinlin Tuo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, No. 1, Tsinghua Garden, Haidian District, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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35
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Xie C, Liu S, Zhang Q, Ma H, Yang S, Guo ZX, Qiu T, Tuo X. Macroscopic-Scale Preparation of Aramid Nanofiber Aerogel by Modified Freezing-Drying Method. ACS NANO 2021; 15:10000-10009. [PMID: 34086437 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aerogel has been widely known as a low-density and highly porous material and is closely connected with the complex processing methods, such as freeze-drying or supercritical drying. In this work, using the polymerization-induced aramid nanofiber (PANF) as a building block, we put forward a modified freezing-drying method for the high-efficiency preparation of all-para-aromatic-amide aerogels. In the preparation process, PANF hydrogel is first frozen at -18 °C and then dried at 20-150 °C for the formation of PANF aerogel. The PANF framework formed during the freezing process is crucial for the formation of the PANF aerogel. Moreover, the space-occupying effect of ice crystals is also helpful for the formation of the macroscopic pore structure in the aerogel. Aerogels with large size or well-controlled shape could be successfully obtained by this method. Through the variation of PANF concentration in the hydrogel and drying temperature, aerogels with different densities (20-185 mg/cm3) could be achieved, and the lowest density is reached at 150 °C, with the PANF concentration of 0.7%. The low-density PANF aerogels show high specific compressive strengths and low thermal conductivities, which are comparable to those resulting from the freeze-drying or supercritical drying method. Furthermore, the shrinkage phenomenon in the drying process could be skillfully utilized for the preparation of PANF aerogel-coated objects. The PANF aerogels could be applied as a thermal insulating material or shock absorption material in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunjie Xie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, No.1, Tsinghua Garden, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Siyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, No.1, Tsinghua Garden, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Qinguan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, No.1, Tsinghua Garden, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Huanxiao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, No.1, Tsinghua Garden, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Shixuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, No.1, Tsinghua Garden, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Xia Guo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, No.1, Tsinghua Garden, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
| | - Teng Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No.15, North Third Ring Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Xinlin Tuo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, No.1, Tsinghua Garden, Haidian District, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
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36
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Yang B, Li W, Zhang M, Wang L, Ding X. Recycling of High-Value-Added Aramid Nanofibers from Waste Aramid Resources via a Feasible and Cost-Effective Approach. ACS NANO 2021; 15:7195-7207. [PMID: 33752335 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High-performance aramid fibers are extensively applied in the civil and military fields. A great deal of waste aramid resources originating from the manufacturing process, spare parts, or end of life cycle are wrongly disposed (i.e., landfill, smash, fibrillation), causing a waste of valuable resources as well as severe environmental pollution. Although aramid nanofibers (ANFs) have recently been recently reported as one of the most promising building blocks due to their excellent properties, they suffer from an extremely high production expenditure, thereby greatly hindering their scale-up application. Herein, in this paper, from a resources-saving and cost-reductional perspective, we present a feasible top-down approach to recycle high value-added ANFs with an affordable cost from various waste aramid resources. The results indicate that although the reclaimed ANFs have a molecular weight reduction of 8.1% compared with the recycled aramid fibers, they still exhibit a molecular weight of 43.0 kg·mol-1 that represents the highest value compared to other methods. It is noteworthy that the fabrication cost of ANFs is significantly reduced (∼7 times) due to the reclamation of waste aramid fibers instead of the expensive virgin aramid fibers. The obtained ANFs show impressive tensile strength (149.2 MPa) and toughness (10.43 MJ·m-3), excellent thermal stabilities (Td of 542 °C), and a high specific surface area (65.2 m2·g-1), which endows them to be promising candidates for constructing advanced materials. Compared to the aramid pulp obtained by the traditional recycling method, ANFs show significant advantages in dimensional homogeneity, aspect ratio, dispersibility, film-forming property, and especially the excellent properties of the ANF film. In addition, the scale-up preparation of ANFs from the recycled waste aramid fibers is carried out, demonstrating it is highly economically viable. Therefore, this work provides a highly feasible and cost-effective recycle system to reclaim the waste aramid resources together with significantly reducing the preparation cost of ANFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of papermaking Technology and Specialty paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, No. 6, Xuefu Road, Xi'an 710021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of papermaking Technology and Specialty paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, No. 6, Xuefu Road, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Meiyun Zhang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of papermaking Technology and Specialty paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, No. 6, Xuefu Road, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of papermaking Technology and Specialty paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, No. 6, Xuefu Road, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xueyao Ding
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of papermaking Technology and Specialty paper Development, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, No. 6, Xuefu Road, Xi'an 710021, China
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37
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Byun J, Park M, Baek SM, Yoon J, Kim W, Lee B, Hong Y, Cho KJ. Underwater maneuvering of robotic sheets through buoyancy-mediated active flutter. Sci Robot 2021; 6:6/53/eabe0637. [PMID: 34043564 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.abe0637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Falling leaves flutter from side to side due to passive and intrinsic fluid-body coupling. Exploiting the dynamics of passive fluttering could lead to fresh perspectives for the locomotion and manipulation of thin, planar objects in fluid environments. Here, we show that the time-varying density distribution within a thin, planar body effectively elicits minimal momentum control to reorient the principal flutter axis and propel itself via directional fluttery motions. We validated the principle by developing a swimming leaf with a soft skin that can modulate local buoyancy distributions for active flutter dynamics. To show generality and field applicability, we demonstrated underwater maneuvering and manipulation of adhesive and oil-skimming sheets for environmental remediation. These findings could inspire future intelligent underwater robots and manipulation schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghwan Byun
- Soft Robotics Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biorobotics Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Minjo Park
- Soft Robotics Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biorobotics Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Min Baek
- Soft Robotics Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biorobotics Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Yoon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woongbae Kim
- Soft Robotics Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biorobotics Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongmoon Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongtaek Hong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Jin Cho
- Soft Robotics Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Biorobotics Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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38
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Wehner L, Mittal N, Liu T, Niederberger M. Multifunctional Batteries: Flexible, Transient, and Transparent. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:231-244. [PMID: 33655063 PMCID: PMC7908028 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c01318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The primary task of a battery is to store energy and to power electronic devices. This has hardly changed over the years despite all the progress made in improving their electrochemical performance. In comparison to batteries, electronic devices are continuously equipped with new functions, and they also change their physical appearance, becoming flexible, rollable, stretchable, or maybe transparent or even transient or degradable. Mechanical flexibility makes them attractive for wearable electronics or for electronic paper; transparency is desired for transparent screens or smart windows, and degradability or transient properties have the potential to reduce electronic waste. For fully integrated and self-sufficient systems, these devices have to be powered by batteries with similar physical characteristics. To make the currently used rigid and heavy batteries flexible, transparent, and degradable, the whole battery architecture including active materials, current collectors, electrolyte/separator, and packaging has to be redesigned. This requires a fundamental paradigm change in battery research, moving away from exclusively addressing the electrochemical aspects toward an interdisciplinary approach involving chemists, materials scientists, and engineers. This Outlook provides an overview of the different activities in the field of flexible, transient, and transparent batteries with a focus on the challenges that have to be faced toward the development of such multifunctional energy storage devices.
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Lutkenhaus JL, Flouda P. Structural batteries take a load off. Sci Robot 2020; 5:5/45/eabd7026. [PMID: 33022631 DOI: 10.1126/scirobotics.abd7026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional Zn-air batteries provide energy storage and a body-integrated protective cover for robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie L Lutkenhaus
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Paraskevi Flouda
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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