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Zhang M, Zhang Y, Wu H, Wang X, Zheng H, Feng J, Wang J, Luo L, Xiao H, Qiao C, Li X, Zheng Y, Huang W, Wang Y, Wang Y, Shi Y, Feng J, Chen G. Functional characterization of AF-04, an afucosylated anti-MARV GP antibody. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166964. [PMID: 37995774 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Marburg virus (MARV), one member of the Filoviridae family, cause sporadic outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever with high mortality rates. No countermeasures are currently available for the prevention or treatment of MARV infection. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are promising candidates to display high neutralizing activity against MARV infection in vitro and in vivo. Recently, growing evidence has shown that immune effector function including antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is also required for in vivo efficacy of a panel of antibodies. Glyco-engineered methods are widely utilized to augment ADCC function of mAbs. In this study, we generated a fucose-knockout MARV GP-specific mAb named AF-04 and showed that afucosylation dramatically increased its binding affinity to polymorphic FcγRIIIa (F176/V176) compared with the parental AF-03. Accordingly, AF-04-mediated NK cell activation and NFAT expression downstream of FcγRIIIa in effector cells were also augmented. In conclusion, this work demonstrates that AF-04 represents a novel avenue for the treatment of MARV-caused disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Xinwei Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Hang Zheng
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Junjuan Feng
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Longlong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100089, China
| | - He Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Chunxia Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Xinying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Yuanqiang Zheng
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Weijin Huang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Youchun Wang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Yanchun Shi
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China.
| | - Jiannan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100089, China.
| | - Guojiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100089, China.
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Snyder KM, Dixon KJ, Davis Z, Hosking M, Hart G, Khaw M, Matson A, Bjordahl R, Hancock B, Shirinbak S, Miller JS, Valamehr B, Wu J, Walcheck B. iPSC-derived natural killer cells expressing the FcγR fusion CD64/16A can be armed with antibodies for multitumor antigen targeting. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007280. [PMID: 38056893 PMCID: PMC10711901 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibody therapies can direct natural killer (NK) cells to tumor cells, tumor-associated cells, and suppressive immune cells to mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). This antigen-specific effector function of human NK cells is mediated by the IgG Fc receptor CD16A (FcγRIIIA). Preclinical and clinical studies indicate that increasing the binding affinity and avidity of CD16A for antibodies improves the therapeutic potential of ADCC. CD64 (FcγRI), expressed by myeloid cells but not NK cells, is the only high affinity IgG Fc receptor and is uniquely capable of stably binding to free monomeric IgG as a physiological function. We have reported on the generation of the FcγR fusion CD64/16A, consisting of the extracellular region of CD64 and the transmembrane and cytoplasmic regions from CD16A, retaining its signaling and cellular activity. Here, we generated induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived NK (iNK) cells expressing CD64/16A as a potential adoptive NK cell therapy for increased ADCC potency. METHODS iPSCs were engineered to express CD64/16A as well as an interleukin (IL)-15/IL-15Rα fusion (IL-15RF) protein and differentiated into iNK cells. iNK cells and peripheral blood NK cells were expanded using irradiated K562-mbIL21-41BBL feeder cells and examined. NK cells, ovarian tumor cell lines, and therapeutic monoclonal antibodies were used to assess ADCC in vitro, performed by a DELFIA EuTDA assay or in real-time by IncuCyte assays, and in vivo. For the latter, we developed a xenograft mouse model with high circulating levels of human IgG for more physiological relevance. RESULTS We demonstrate that (1) iNK-CD64/16A cells after expansion or thaw from cryopreservation can be coupled to therapeutic antibodies, creating armed iNK cells; (2) antibody-armed iNK-CD64/16A cells can be redirected by added antibodies to target new tumor antigens, highlighting additional potential of these cells; (3) cytokine-autonomous activity by iNK-CD64/16A cells engineered to express IL-15RF; and that (4) antibody-armed iNK-CD64/16A cells thawed from cryopreservation are capable of sustained and robust ADCC in vitro and in vivo, as determined by using a modified tumor xenograft model with high levels of competing human IgG. CONCLUSIONS iNK cells expressing CD64/16A provide an off-the-shelf multiantigen targeting platform to address tumor heterogeneity and mitigate antigen escape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Snyder
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Kate J Dixon
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Zachary Davis
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Geoffrey Hart
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Melissa Khaw
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Anders Matson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jeffrey S Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Jianming Wu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bruce Walcheck
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
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Gunalp S, Helvaci DG, Oner A, Bursalı A, Conforte A, Güner H, Karakülah G, Szegezdi E, Sag D. TRAIL promotes the polarization of human macrophages toward a proinflammatory M1 phenotype and is associated with increased survival in cancer patients with high tumor macrophage content. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1209249. [PMID: 37809073 PMCID: PMC10551148 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1209249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a member of the TNF superfamily that can either induce cell death or activate survival pathways after binding to death receptors (DRs) DR4 or DR5. TRAIL is investigated as a therapeutic agent in clinical trials due to its selective toxicity to transformed cells. Macrophages can be polarized into pro-inflammatory/tumor-fighting M1 macrophages or anti-inflammatory/tumor-supportive M2 macrophages and an imbalance between M1 and M2 macrophages can promote diseases. Therefore, identifying modulators that regulate macrophage polarization is important to design effective macrophage-targeted immunotherapies. The impact of TRAIL on macrophage polarization is not known. Methods Primary human monocyte-derived macrophages were pre-treated with either TRAIL or with DR4 or DR5-specific ligands and then polarized into M1, M2a, or M2c phenotypes in vitro. The expression of M1 and M2 markers in macrophage subtypes was analyzed by RNA sequencing, qPCR, ELISA, and flow cytometry. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of the macrophages against U937 AML tumor targets was assessed by flow cytometry. TCGA datasets were also analyzed to correlate TRAIL with M1/M2 markers, and the overall survival of cancer patients. Results TRAIL increased the expression of M1 markers at both mRNA and protein levels while decreasing the expression of M2 markers at the mRNA level in human macrophages. TRAIL also shifted M2 macrophages towards an M1 phenotype. Our data showed that both DR4 and DR5 death receptors play a role in macrophage polarization. Furthermore, TRAIL enhanced the cytotoxicity of macrophages against the AML cancer cells in vitro. Finally, TRAIL expression was positively correlated with increased expression of M1 markers in the tumors from ovarian and sarcoma cancer patients and longer overall survival in cases with high, but not low, tumor macrophage content. Conclusions TRAIL promotes the polarization of human macrophages toward a proinflammatory M1 phenotype via both DR4 and DR5. Our study defines TRAIL as a new regulator of macrophage polarization and suggests that targeting DRs can enhance the anti-tumorigenic response of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment by increasing M1 polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Gunalp
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Türkiye
- Department of Genomic Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Derya Goksu Helvaci
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Türkiye
- Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Aysenur Oner
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Türkiye
- Department of Genomic Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | | | - Alessandra Conforte
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Hüseyin Güner
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Türkiye
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Life and Natural Science, Abdullah Gül University, Kayseri, Türkiye
| | - Gökhan Karakülah
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Türkiye
- Department of Genomic Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Eva Szegezdi
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Duygu Sag
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Türkiye
- Department of Genomic Sciences and Molecular Biotechnology, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye
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4
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Hui GK, Gao X, Gor J, Lu J, Sun PD, Perkins SJ. The solution structure of the unbound IgG Fc receptor CD64 resembles its crystal structure: Implications for function. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288351. [PMID: 37733670 PMCID: PMC10513344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
FcγRI (CD64) is the only high-affinity Fcγ receptor found on monocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, neutrophils and dendritic cells. It binds immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody-antigen complexes at its Fc region to trigger key immune responses. CD64 contains three immunoglobulin-fold extracellular domains (D1, D2 and D3) and a membrane-spanning region. Despite the importance of CD64, no solution structure for this is known to date. To investigate this, we used analytical ultracentrifugation, small-angle X-ray scattering, and atomistic modelling. Analytical ultracentrifugation revealed that CD64 was monomeric with a sedimentation coefficient s020,w of 2.53 S, together with some dimer. Small-angle X-ray scattering showed that its radius of gyration RG was 3.3-3.4 nm and increased at higher concentrations to indicate low dimerization. Monte Carlo modelling implemented in the SASSIE-web package generated 279,162 physically-realistic trial CD64 structures. From these, the scattering best-fit models at the lowest measured concentrations that minimised dimers revealed that the D1, D2 and D3 domains were structurally similar to those seen in three CD64 crystal structures, but showed previously unreported flexibility between D1, D2 and D3. Despite the limitations of the scattering data, the superimposition of the CD64 solution structures onto crystal structures of the IgG Fc-CD64 complex showed that the CD64 domains do not sterically clash with the IgG Fc region, i.e. the solution structure of CD64 was sufficiently compact to allow IgG to bind to its high-affinity Fcγ receptor. This improved understanding may result in novel approaches to inhibit CD64 function, and opens the way for the solution study of the full-length CD64-IgG complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gar Kay Hui
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Darwin Building, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Darwin Building, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jayesh Gor
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Darwin Building, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jinghua Lu
- Structural Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Peter D. Sun
- Structural Immunology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Perkins
- Department of Structural and Molecular Biology, Darwin Building, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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5
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Zhu W, Wang Y, Lv L, Wang H, Shi W, Liu Z, Zhou M, Zhu J, Lu H. Universal chimeric Fcγ receptor T cells with appropriate affinity for IgG1 antibody exhibit optimal antitumor efficacy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:2071-2085. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
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6
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Ascoli C, Schott CA, Huang Y, Turturice BA, Wang W, Ecanow N, Sweiss NJ, Perkins DL, Finn PW. Altered transcription factor targeting is associated with differential peripheral blood mononuclear cell proportions in sarcoidosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:848759. [PMID: 36311769 PMCID: PMC9608777 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.848759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionIn sarcoidosis, peripheral lymphopenia and anergy have been associated with increased inflammation and maladaptive immune activity, likely promoting development of chronic and progressive disease. However, the molecular mechanisms that lead to reduced lymphocyte proportions, particularly CD4+ T-cells, have not been fully elucidated. We posit that paradoxical peripheral lymphopenia is characterized by a dysregulated transcriptomic network associated with cell function and fate that results from altered transcription factor targeting activity.MethodsMessenger RNA-sequencing (mRNA-seq) was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from ACCESS study subjects with sarcoidosis and matched controls and findings validated on a sarcoidosis case-control cohort and a sarcoidosis case series. Preserved PBMC transcriptomic networks between case-control cohorts were assessed to establish cellular associations with gene modules and define regulatory targeting involved in sarcoidosis immune dysregulation utilizing weighted gene co-expression network analysis and differential transcription factor involvement analysis. Network centrality measures identified master transcriptional regulators of subnetworks related to cell proliferation and death. Predictive models of differential PBMC proportions constructed from ACCESS target gene expression corroborated the relationship between aberrant transcription factor regulatory activity and imputed and clinical PBMC populations in the validation cohorts.ResultsWe identified two unique and preserved gene modules significantly associated with sarcoidosis immune dysregulation. Strikingly, increased expression of a monocyte-driven, and not a lymphocyte-driven, gene module related to innate immunity and cell death was the best predictor of peripheral CD4+ T-cell proportions. Within the gene network of this monocyte-driven module, TLE3 and CBX8 were determined to be master regulators of the cell death subnetwork. A core gene signature of differentially over-expressed target genes of TLE3 and CBX8 involved in cellular communication and immune response regulation accurately predicted imputed and clinical monocyte expansion and CD4+ T-cell depletion.ConclusionsAltered transcriptional regulation associated with aberrant gene expression of a monocyte-driven transcriptional network likely influences lymphocyte function and survival. Although further investigation is warranted, this indicates that crosstalk between hyperactive monocytes and lymphocytes may instigate peripheral lymphopenia and underlie sarcoidosis immune dysregulation and pathogenesis. Future therapies selectively targeting master regulators, or their targets, may mitigate dysregulated immune processes in sarcoidosis and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ascoli
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Cody A. Schott
- University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yue Huang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Wangfei Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Engineering and Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Naomi Ecanow
- University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Nadera J. Sweiss
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - David L. Perkins
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Patricia W. Finn
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Patricia W. Finn,
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Oostindie SC, Rinaldi DA, Zom GG, Wester MJ, Paulet D, Al-Tamimi K, van der Meijden E, Scheick JR, Wilpshaar T, de Jong B, Hoff-van den Broek M, Grattan RM, Oosterhoff JJ, Vignau J, Verploegen S, Boross P, Beurskens FJ, Lidke DS, Schuurman J, de Jong RN. Logic-gated antibody pairs that selectively act on cells co-expressing two antigens. Nat Biotechnol 2022; 40:1509-1519. [PMID: 35879362 PMCID: PMC9546771 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-022-01384-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies is constrained because single antigen targets often do not provide sufficient selectivity to distinguish diseased from healthy tissues. We present HexElect®, an approach to enhance the functional selectivity of therapeutic antibodies by making their activity dependent on clustering after binding to two different antigens expressed on the same target cell. lmmunoglobulin G (lgG)-mediated clustering of membrane receptors naturally occurs on cell surfaces to trigger complement- or cell-mediated effector functions or to initiate intracellular signaling. We engineer the Fc domains of two different lgG antibodies to suppress their individual homo-oligomerization while promoting their pairwise hetero-oligomerization after binding co-expressed antigens. We show that recruitment of complement component C1q to these hetero-oligomers leads to clustering-dependent activation of effector functions such as complement mediated killing of target cells or activation of cell surface receptors. HexElect allows selective antibody activity on target cells expressing unique, potentially unexplored combinations of surface antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone C Oostindie
- Genmab, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Derek A Rinaldi
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Michael J Wester
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rachel M Grattan
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Diane S Lidke
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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8
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Holtrop T, Budding K, Brandsma AM, Leusen JHW. Targeting the High Affinity Receptor, FcγRI, in Autoimmune Disease, Neuropathy, and Cancer. IMMUNOTHERAPY ADVANCES 2022; 2:ltac011. [PMID: 36284837 PMCID: PMC9585681 DOI: 10.1093/immadv/ltac011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tosca Holtrop
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht , Heidelberglaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin Budding
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht , Heidelberglaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Arianne M Brandsma
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology and Oncode Institute, Heidelberglaan , Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanette H W Leusen
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht , Heidelberglaan, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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9
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Delidakis G, Kim JE, George K, Georgiou G. Improving Antibody Therapeutics by Manipulating the Fc Domain: Immunological and Structural Considerations. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2022; 24:249-274. [PMID: 35363537 PMCID: PMC9648538 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-082721-024500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between the crystallizable fragment (Fc) domain of antibodies and a plethora of cellular Fc receptors (FcRs) or soluble proteins form a critical link between humoral and innate immunity. In particular, the immunoglobulin G Fc domain is critical for the clearance of target cells by processes that include (a) cytotoxicity, phagocytosis, or complement lysis; (b) modulation of inflammation; (c) antigen presentation; (d) antibody-mediated receptor clustering; and (e) cytokine release. More than 30 Fc-engineered antibodies aimed primarily at tailoring these effects for optimal therapeutic outcomes are in clinical evaluation or have already been approved. Nonetheless, our understanding of how FcR engagement impacts various immune cell phenotypes is still largely incomplete. Recent insights into FcR biology coupled with advances in Fc:FcR structural analysis, Fc engineering, and mouse models that recapitulate human biology are helping to fill in existing knowledge gaps. These advances will provide a blueprint on how to fine-tune the Fc domain to achieve optimal therapeutic efficacy. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, Volume 24 is June 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Delidakis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA;
| | - Jin Eyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Katia George
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - George Georgiou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA; .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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10
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Bailey EM, Choudhury A, Vuppula H, Ortiz DF, Schaeck J, Manning AM, Bosques CJ, Hoppe AD. Engineered IgG1-Fc Molecules Define Valency Control of Cell Surface Fcγ Receptor Inhibition and Activation in Endosomes. Front Immunol 2021; 11:617767. [PMID: 33679705 PMCID: PMC7928370 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.617767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibition of Fcγ receptors (FcγR) is an attractive strategy for treating diseases driven by IgG immune complexes (IC). Previously, we demonstrated that an engineered tri-valent arrangement of IgG1 Fc domains (SIF1) potently inhibited FcγR activation by IC, whereas a penta-valent Fc molecule (PentX) activated FcγR, potentially mimicking ICs and leading to Syk phosphorylation. Thus, a precise balance exists between the number of engaged FcγRs for inhibition versus activation. Here, we demonstrate that Fc valency differentially controls FcγR activation and inhibition within distinct subcellular compartments. Large Fc multimer clusters consisting of 5-50 Fc domains predominately recruited Syk-mScarlet to patches on the plasma membrane, whereas PentX exclusively recruited Syk-mScarlet to endosomes in human monocytic cell line (THP-1 cells). In contrast, SIF1, similar to monomeric Fc, spent longer periods docked to FcγRs on the plasma membrane and did not accumulate and recruit Syk-mScarlet within large endosomes. Single particle tracking (SPT) of fluorescent engineered Fc molecules and Syk-mScarlet at the plasma membrane imaged by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (SPT-TIRF), revealed that Syk-mScarlet sampled the plasma membrane was not recruited to FcγR docked with any of the engineered Fc molecules at the plasma membrane. Furthermore, the motions of FcγRs docked with recombinant Fc (rFc), SIF1 or PentX, displayed similar motions with D ~ 0.15 μm2/s, indicating that SIF1 and PentX did not induce reorganization or microclustering of FcγRs beyond the ligating valency. Multicolor SPT-TIRF and brightness analysis of docked rFc, SIF1 and PentX also indicated that FcγRs were not pre-assembled into clusters. Taken together, activation on the plasma membrane requires assembly of more than 5 FcγRs. Unlike rFc or SIF1, PentX accumulated Syk-mScarlet on endosomes indicating that the threshold for FcγR activation on endosomes is lower than on the plasma membrane. We conclude that the inhibitory effects of SIF1 are mediated by stabilizing a ligated and inactive FcγR on the plasma membrane. Thus, FcγR inhibition can be achieved by low valency ligation with SIF1 that behaves similarly to FcγR docked with monomeric IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Bailey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States.,BioSystems Networks and Translational Research, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | | | - Harika Vuppula
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States.,BioSystems Networks and Translational Research, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | | | - John Schaeck
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | | | - Adam D Hoppe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States.,BioSystems Networks and Translational Research, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
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11
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Dixon KJ, Wu J, Walcheck B. Engineering Anti-Tumor Monoclonal Antibodies and Fc Receptors to Enhance ADCC by Human NK Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:312. [PMID: 33467027 PMCID: PMC7829765 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-targeting monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are the most widely used and characterized immunotherapy for hematologic and solid tumors. The significance of this therapy is their direct and indirect effects on tumor cells, facilitated by the antibody's antigen-binding fragment (Fab) and fragment crystallizable region (Fc region), respectively. The Fab can modulate the function of cell surface markers on tumor cells in an agonistic or antagonistic manner, whereas the Fc region can be recognized by an Fc receptor (FcR) on leukocytes through which various effector functions, including antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), can be elicited. This process is a key cytolytic mechanism of natural killer (NK) cells. These innate lymphocytes in the human body recognize tumor-bound antibodies exclusively by the IgG Fc receptor CD16A (FcγRIIIA). Two allelic versions of CD16A bind IgG with either lower or higher affinity. Cancer patients homozygous for the higher affinity allele of CD16A have been reported to respond significantly better to mAb therapies for various malignancies. These studies revealed that mAb therapy efficacy positively correlates with higher affinity binding to CD16A. Approaches to enhance tumor antigen targeting by NK cells by modifying the Fc portion of antibodies or the FcR on NK cells are the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruce Walcheck
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; (K.J.D.); (J.W.)
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12
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Cloutier M, Nandi M, Ihsan AU, Chamard HA, Ilangumaran S, Ramanathan S. ADE and hyperinflammation in SARS-CoV2 infection- comparison with dengue hemorrhagic fever and feline infectious peritonitis. Cytokine 2020; 136:155256. [PMID: 32866898 PMCID: PMC7439999 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly spread around the world with significant morbidity and mortality in a subset of patients including the elderly. The poorer outcomes are associated with 'cytokine storm-like' immune responses, otherwise referred to as 'hyperinflammation'. While most of the infected individuals show minimal or no symptoms and recover spontaneously, a small proportion of the patients exhibit severe symptoms characterized by extreme dyspnea and low tissue oxygen levels, with extensive damage to the lungs referred to as acute respiratory distress symptom (ARDS). The consensus is that the hyperinflammatory response of the host is akin to the cytokine storm observed during sepsis and is the major cause of death. Uncertainties remain on the factors that lead to hyperinflammatory response in some but not all individuals. Hyperinflammation is a common feature in different viral infections such as dengue where existing low-titer antibodies to the virus enhances the infection in immune cells through a process called antibody-dependent enhancement or ADE. ADE has been reported following vaccination or secondary infections with other corona, Ebola and dengue virus. Detailed analysis has shown that antibodies to any viral epitope can induce ADE when present in sub-optimal titers or is of low affinity. In this review we will discuss ADE in the context of dengue and coronavirus infections including Covid-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryse Cloutier
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Madhuparna Nandi
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Awais Ullah Ihsan
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Hugues Allard Chamard
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche Clinique, Centre Hospitalier d'Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Subburaj Ilangumaran
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche Clinique, Centre Hospitalier d'Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
| | - Sheela Ramanathan
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche Clinique, Centre Hospitalier d'Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
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13
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Qu PF, Li R, Xu C, Chai W, Li H, Fu J, Chen JY. A Clinical Pilot Study to Evaluate CD64 Expression on Blood Monocytes as an Indicator of Periprosthetic Joint Infection. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2020; 102:e99. [PMID: 32358410 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.20.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The preoperative diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) depends on a series of blood biomarkers. Previous studies have shown that CD64 expression on blood neutrophils and monocytes has a good diagnostic efficacy for diagnosing systemic and local infections. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of blood CD64 in the diagnosis of PJI. METHODS On the basis of estimations made before the study was performed, 62 patients were recruited for joint revision surgery following the failure of primary hip or knee replacement. Venous blood was obtained within 24 hours after patient admission, and flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the CD64 expression of 3 groups of white blood cells (WBCs). CD64 expression was measured as CD64 mean fluorescence intensity (CD64MFI). The neutrophil CD64 index (nCD64 index; neutrophil CD64MFI [nCD64MFI]/lymphocyte CD64MFI [lCD64MFI]) and monocyte CD64 index (mCD64 index; monocyte CD64MFI [mCD64MFI]/lCD64MFI) were then calculated. The C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) at admission, synovial fluid indicators, leukocyte esterase test results, intraoperative histological results, and tissue or synovial fluid culture results were recorded. According to the modified Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria, patients were divided into the PJI group and the non-PJI group. These blood indicators were then analyzed for the diagnosis of PJI. RESULTS The PJI group included 18 patients, and the non-PJI group included 44 patients. The diagnostic value of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was low for lCD64MFI, the nCD64 index, and the mCD64 index. The diagnostic value for nCD64MFI was moderate, with an AUC of 0.735 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.595 to 0.874; p = 0.004). The diagnostic value for mCD64MFI was high, with an AUC of 0.898 (95% CI, 0.821 to 0.975; p < 0.001). The cutoff value for mCD64MFI was 28,968, with a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 1, 0.75, 0.62, and 1, respectively. This result was confirmed by internal validation with a different antibody. CONCLUSIONS Flow cytometry can be used for patient screening before revision surgery, and blood mCD64MFI is a promising indicator for PJI. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Diagnostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Qu
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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14
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Jaumouillé V, Waterman CM. Physical Constraints and Forces Involved in Phagocytosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1097. [PMID: 32595635 PMCID: PMC7304309 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis is a specialized process that enables cellular ingestion and clearance of microbes, dead cells and tissue debris that are too large for other endocytic routes. As such, it is an essential component of tissue homeostasis and the innate immune response, and also provides a link to the adaptive immune response. However, ingestion of large particulate materials represents a monumental task for phagocytic cells. It requires profound reorganization of the cell morphology around the target in a controlled manner, which is limited by biophysical constraints. Experimental and theoretical studies have identified critical aspects associated with the interconnected biophysical properties of the receptors, the membrane, and the actin cytoskeleton that can determine the success of large particle internalization. In this review, we will discuss the major physical constraints involved in the formation of a phagosome. Focusing on two of the most-studied types of phagocytic receptors, the Fcγ receptors and the complement receptor 3 (αMβ2 integrin), we will describe the complex molecular mechanisms employed by phagocytes to overcome these physical constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Jaumouillé
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Clare M Waterman
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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15
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Cammarota E, Soriani C, Taub R, Morgan F, Sakai J, Veatch SL, Bryant CE, Cicuta P. Criticality of plasma membrane lipids reflects activation state of macrophage cells. J R Soc Interface 2020; 17:20190803. [PMID: 32019470 PMCID: PMC7061703 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2019.0803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Signalling is of particular importance in immune cells, and upstream in the signalling pathway many membrane receptors are functional only as complexes, co-locating with particular lipid species. Work over the last 15 years has shown that plasma membrane lipid composition is close to a critical point of phase separation, with evidence that cells adapt their composition in ways that alter the proximity to this thermodynamic point. Macrophage cells are a key component of the innate immune system, are responsive to infections and regulate the local state of inflammation. We investigate changes in the plasma membrane’s proximity to the critical point as a response to stimulation by various pro- and anti-inflammatory agents. Pro-inflammatory (interferon γ, Kdo 2-Lipid A, lipopolysaccharide) perturbations induce an increase in the transition temperature of giant plasma membrane vesicles; anti-inflammatory interleukin 4 has the opposite effect. These changes recapitulate complex plasma membrane composition changes, and are consistent with lipid criticality playing a master regulatory role: being closer to critical conditions increases membrane protein activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Cammarota
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK.,Alembic, Experimental Imaging Center, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Soriani
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Raphaelle Taub
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Fiona Morgan
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Jiro Sakai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Sarah L Veatch
- Biophysics Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Clare E Bryant
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Pietro Cicuta
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
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16
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Li J, Wang L, Tian J, Zhou Z, Li J, Yang H. Nongenetic engineering strategies for regulating receptor oligomerization in living cells. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:1545-1568. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00473d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nongenetic strategies for regulating receptor oligomerization in living cells based on DNA, protein, small molecules and physical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
| | - Liping Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
| | - Jinmiao Tian
- Institute of Molecular Medicine
- Renji Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
| | - Zhilan Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Medicine
- Renji Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
| | - Juan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
| | - Huanghao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment
- College of Chemistry
- Fuzhou University
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17
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Abstract
Phagocytosis is a specialized process that enables cellular ingestion and clearance of microbes, dead cells and tissue debris that are too large for other endocytic routes. As such, it is an essential component of tissue homeostasis and the innate immune response, and also provides a link to the adaptive immune response. However, ingestion of large particulate materials represents a monumental task for phagocytic cells. It requires profound reorganization of the cell morphology around the target in a controlled manner, which is limited by biophysical constraints. Experimental and theoretical studies have identified critical aspects associated with the interconnected biophysical properties of the receptors, the membrane, and the actin cytoskeleton that can determine the success of large particle internalization. In this review, we will discuss the major physical constraints involved in the formation of a phagosome. Focusing on two of the most-studied types of phagocytic receptors, the Fcγ receptors and the complement receptor 3 (αMβ2 integrin), we will describe the complex molecular mechanisms employed by phagocytes to overcome these physical constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Jaumouillé
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Clare M Waterman
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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18
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Walcheck B, Wu J. iNK-CD64/16A cells: a promising approach for ADCC? Expert Opin Biol Ther 2019; 19:1229-1232. [PMID: 31510805 PMCID: PMC6832865 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2019.1667974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: ADCC by natural killer (NK) cells is a key mechanism for several clinically successful tumor-targeting therapeutic antibodies. Most patients, however, have limited responses to this therapy and/or develop resistance. NK cells exclusively recognize IgG by their low-affinity FcγR CD16A.Areas covered: We describe in this editorial a novel recombinant FcγR that consists of CD64, the only high affinity IgG receptor, and the transmembrane and cytoplasmic regions of CD16A, a potent activating receptor. CD64/16A was expressed in engineered iPSCs that were differentiated into NK cells (referred to as iNK cells).Expert opinion: iNK-CD64/16A cells in combination with therapeutic antibodies provide a universal tumor antigen targeting approach and potential off-the-shelf cell therapy to treat various malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Walcheck
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Jianming Wu
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
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19
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Abstract
Receptors recognizing the Fc-part of immunoglobulins (FcR) are important in the engagement of phagocytes with opsonized micro-organisms, but they also play a major role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases. Different FcRs are specifically recognizing and binding the different classes of immunoglobulins, transmitting different signals into the cell. The function of IgG (FcγR's) and IgA (FcαR) recognizing receptors is controlled by cellular signals evoked by activation of heterologous receptors in a process generally referred to as inside-out control. This concept is clearly described for the regulation of integrin receptors. Inside-out control can be achieved at different levels by modulation of: (i) receptor affinity, (ii) receptor avidity/valency, (iii) interaction with signaling chains, (iv) interaction with other receptors and (v) localization in functionally different membrane domains. The inside-out control of FcRs is an interesting target for novel therapy by therapeutical antibodies as it can potentiate or decrease the functionality of the response to the antibodies depending on the mechanisms of the diseases they are applied for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Koenderman
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
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20
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Anania JC, Chenoweth AM, Wines BD, Hogarth PM. The Human FcγRII (CD32) Family of Leukocyte FcR in Health and Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:464. [PMID: 30941127 PMCID: PMC6433993 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
FcγRs have been the focus of extensive research due to their key role linking innate and humoral immunity and their implication in both inflammatory and infectious disease. Within the human FcγR family FcγRII (activatory FcγRIIa and FcγRIIc, and inhibitory FcγRIIb) are unique in their ability to signal independent of the common γ chain. Through improved understanding of the structure of these receptors and how this affects their function we may be able to better understand how to target FcγR specific immune activation or inhibition, which will facilitate in the development of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in patients where FcγRII activity may be desirable for efficacy. This review is focused on roles of the human FcγRII family members and their link to immunoregulation in healthy individuals and infection, autoimmunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Anania
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alicia M Chenoweth
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bruce D Wines
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - P Mark Hogarth
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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21
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Chen X, Song X, Li K, Zhang T. FcγR-Binding Is an Important Functional Attribute for Immune Checkpoint Antibodies in Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:292. [PMID: 30863404 PMCID: PMC6399403 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells play critical roles in anti-tumor immunity. Up-regulation of immune checkpoint molecules (PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, TIM-3, Lag-3, TIGIT, CD73, VISTA, B7-H3) in the tumor microenvironment is an important mechanism that restrains effector T cells from the anti-tumor activity. To date, immune checkpoint antibodies have demonstrated significant clinical benefits for cancer patients treated with mono- or combination immunotherapies. However, many tumors do not respond to the treatment well, and merely blocking the immune suppression pathways by checkpoint-regulatory antibodies may not render optimal tumor growth inhibition. Binding of the antibody Fc-hinge region to Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) has been shown to exert a profound impact on antibody function and in vivo efficacy. Investigation of immune checkpoint antibodies regarding their effector functions and impact on therapeutic efficacy has gained more attention in recent years. In this review, we discuss Fc variants of antibodies against immune checkpoint targets and the potential mechanisms of how FcγR-binding could influence the anti-tumor activity of these antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | | | - Kang Li
- BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- BeiGene (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
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22
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Ten Broeke T, Honing H, Brandsma AM, Jacobino S, Bakema JE, Kanters D, van der Linden JAM, Bracke M, Koenderman L, Leusen JHW. FcαRI Dynamics Are Regulated by GSK-3 and PKCζ During Cytokine Mediated Inside-Out Signaling. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3191. [PMID: 30766540 PMCID: PMC6365424 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
IgA binding to FcαRI (CD89) is rapidly enhanced by cytokine induced inside-out signaling. Dephosphorylation of serine 263 in the intracellular tail of FcαRI by PP2A and PI3K activation are instrumental in this process. To further investigate these signaling pathways, we targeted downstream kinases of PI3K. Our experiments revealed that PI3K activates PKCζ, which subsequently inhibits GSK-3, a constitutively active kinase in resting cells and found here to be associated with FcαRI. We propose that GSK-3 maintains FcαRI in an inactive state at homeostatic conditions. Upon cytokine stimulation, GSK-3 is inactivated through a PI3K-PKCζ pathway, preventing the maintenance of phosphorylated inactive FcαRI. The concomitantly activated PP2A is then able to dephosphorylate and activate FcαRI. Moreover, FRAP and FLIP studies showed that FcαRI activation coincides with an increased mobile fraction of the receptor. This can enhance FcαRI valency and contribute to stronger avidity for IgA immune complexes. This tightly regulated inside-out signaling pathway allows leukocytes to respond rapidly and efficiently to their environment and could be exploited to enhance the efficacy of future IgA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toine Ten Broeke
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Henk Honing
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Arianne M Brandsma
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Shamir Jacobino
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jantine E Bakema
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Tumor Biology Section, Department of Otolaryngology, Head-Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Deon Kanters
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jan A M van der Linden
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Madelon Bracke
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacotherapy, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Leo Koenderman
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jeanette H W Leusen
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
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