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Hakim JMC, Gutierrez Guarnizo SA, Málaga Machaca E, Gilman RH, Mugnier MR. Whole-genome assembly of a hybrid Trypanosoma cruzi strain assembled with Nanopore sequencing alone. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2024; 14:jkae076. [PMID: 38592968 PMCID: PMC11152063 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkae076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease, which causes 10,000 deaths per year. Despite the high mortality associated with Chagas, relatively few parasite genomes have been assembled to date, with genome assemblies unavailable even for some commonly used laboratory strains. This is at least partially due to T. cruzi's highly complex and highly repetitive genome, which defies investigation using traditional short-read sequencing methods. In this study, we have generated a high-quality whole-genome assembly of the hybrid Tulahuen strain, a commercially available type VI strain, using long-read Nanopore sequencing without short-read scaffolding. The assembled genome contains 25% repeat regions, 17% variable multigene family members, and 27% transposable elements (TEs) and is of comparable quality with T. cruzi genome assemblies that utilized both long- and short-read data. Notably, we find that regions with TEs are significantly enriched for multicopy surface proteins, and that surface proteins are, on average, closer to TEs than to other coding regions. This finding suggests that mobile genetic elements such as transposons may drive recombination within surface protein gene families. This work demonstrates the feasibility of Nanopore sequencing to resolve complex regions of T. cruzi genomes, and with these resolved regions, provides support for a possible mechanism for genomic diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M C Hakim
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Edith Málaga Machaca
- Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Lima 15102, Peru
- Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima 15102, Peru
| | - Robert H Gilman
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Monica R Mugnier
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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2
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Murta SMF, Lemos Santana PA, Jacques Dit Lapierre TJW, Penteado AB, El Hajje M, Navarro Vinha TC, Liarte DB, de Souza ML, Goulart Trossini GH, de Oliveira Rezende Júnior C, de Oliveira RB, Ferreira RS. New drug discovery strategies for the treatment of benznidazole-resistance in Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024; 19:741-753. [PMID: 38715393 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2024.2349155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Benznidazole, the drug of choice for treating Chagas Disease (CD), has significant limitations, such as poor cure efficacy, mainly in the chronic phase of CD, association with side effects, and parasite resistance. Understanding parasite resistance to benznidazole is crucial for developing new drugs to treat CD. AREAS COVERED Here, the authors review the current understanding of the molecular basis of benznidazole resistance. Furthermore, they discuss the state-of-the-art methods and critical outcomes employed to evaluate the efficacy of potential drugs against T. cruzi, aiming to select better compounds likely to succeed in the clinic. Finally, the authors describe the different strategies employed to overcome resistance to benznidazole and find effective new treatments for CD. EXPERT OPINION Resistance to benznidazole is a complex phenomenon that occurs naturally among T. cruzi strains. The combination of compounds that inhibit different metabolic pathways of the parasite is an important strategy for developing a new chemotherapeutic protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvane Maria Fonseca Murta
- Grupo de Genômica Funcional de Parasitos - Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Pedro Augusto Lemos Santana
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - André Berndt Penteado
- Departamento de Farmacia, Faculdade de Ciencias Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marissa El Hajje
- Departamento de Farmacia, Faculdade de Ciencias Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mariana Laureano de Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Renata Barbosa de Oliveira
- Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Salgado Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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3
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Delvoss CMM, Inoue AH, da Silva RV, Fragoso SP, Eger I. Improving in vitro screening compounds anti-Trypanosoma cruzi by GFP-expressing parasites. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2024; 119:e230223. [PMID: 38716979 PMCID: PMC11075634 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760230223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Conventional microscopic counting is a widely utilised method for evaluating the trypanocidal effects of drugs on intracellular amastigotes. This is a low-cost approach, but it is time-consuming and reliant on the expertise of the microscopist. So, there is a pressing need for developing technologies to enhance the efficiency of low-cost anti-Trypanosoma cruzi drug screening. OBJECTIVES In our laboratory, we aimed to expedite the screening of anti-T. cruzi drugs by implementing a fluorescent method that correlates emitted fluorescence from green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing T. cruzi (Tc-GFP) with cellular viability. METHODS Epimastigotes (Y strain) were transfected with the pROCKGFPNeo plasmid, resulting in robust and sustained GFP expression across epimastigotes, trypomastigotes, and intracellular amastigotes. Tc-GFP epimastigotes and intracellular amastigotes were exposed to a serial dilution of benznidazole (Bz). Cell viability was assessed through a combination of microscopic counting, MTT, and fluorimetry. FINDINGS The fluorescence data indicated an underestimation of the activity of Bz against epimastigotes (IC50 75 µM x 14 µM). Conversely, for intracellular GFP-amastigotes, both fluorimetry and microscopy yielded identical IC50 values. Factors influencing the fluorimetry approach are discussed. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Our proposed fluorometric assessment is effective and can serve as a viable substitute for the time-consuming microscopic counting of intracellular amastigotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleyson Mathias Morais Delvoss
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Protozoologia, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brasil
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Apicomplexa, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Alexandre Haruo Inoue
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Apicomplexa, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Rosiane Valeriano da Silva
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Apicomplexa, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Stênio Perdigão Fragoso
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto Carlos Chagas, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular e Sistêmica de Tripanossomatídeos, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Iriane Eger
- Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Protozoologia, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brasil
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4
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Winge T, Perry B, Matheeussen A, Caljon G, Wünsch B. Late-Stage Diversification of Pyrazoles as Antileishmanial Agents. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202400028. [PMID: 38289147 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
N-Pyrazolylcarboxamides and N-pyrazolylureas represent promising lead compounds for the development of novel antileishmanial drugs. Herein, we report the late-stage diversification of 3-bromopyrazoles 10 A/B and 14 A by Pd-catalyzed Sonogashira and Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling reactions. The electron-withdrawing properties of the cyano moiety in 4-position of the pyrazole ring limited the acylation of the primary amino moiety in 5-position. A large set of pyrazoles bearing diverse aryl and alkynyl substituents in 3-position was prepared and the antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activity was recorded. The urea 38 lacking the electron withdrawing cyano moiety in 4-position and containing the large 4-benzylpiperidinoo moiety exhibited a modest antileishmanial (IC50=19 μM) and antitrypanosomal activity (IC50=7.9 μM)). However, its considerable toxicity against the PMM and MRC-5 cells indicates low selectivity, i. e. a small gap between the desired antiparasitic activity and undesired cytotoxicity of <2- to 4-fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Winge
- Universität Münster, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ben Perry
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, 15 chemin Camille-Vidart, 1202, Geneva, Switzerland
- current Address: Medicxi Ventures, 10 Cours de Rive, 1204, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - An Matheeussen
- University of Antwerpen, Laboratory of Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene (LMPH), Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Campus CDE, S7.24, Universiteitsplein 1 B, 2610 Wilrijk-, Antwerpen
| | - Guy Caljon
- Universität Münster, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Universität Münster, Institut für Pharmazeutische und Medizinische Chemie, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany
- GRK 2515, Chemical biology of ion channels (Chembion), Universität Münster, Corrensstr. 48, D-48149, Münster, Germany
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5
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Gaudry A, Pagni M, Mehl F, Moretti S, Quiros-Guerrero LM, Cappelletti L, Rutz A, Kaiser M, Marcourt L, Queiroz EF, Ioset JR, Grondin A, David B, Wolfender JL, Allard PM. A Sample-Centric and Knowledge-Driven Computational Framework for Natural Products Drug Discovery. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2024; 10:494-510. [PMID: 38559298 PMCID: PMC10979503 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The ENPKG framework organizes large heterogeneous metabolomics data sets as a knowledge graph, offering exciting opportunities for drug discovery and chemodiversity characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Gaudry
- Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences of Western Switzerland, University
of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University
of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Marco Pagni
- Vital-IT, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Florence Mehl
- Vital-IT, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Moretti
- Vital-IT, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luis-Manuel Quiros-Guerrero
- Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences of Western Switzerland, University
of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University
of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Luca Cappelletti
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Rutz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences of Western Switzerland, University
of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University
of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Department of Medical
and Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Marcourt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences of Western Switzerland, University
of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University
of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Emerson Ferreira Queiroz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences of Western Switzerland, University
of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University
of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Robert Ioset
- Drugs
for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Grondin
- Green Mission Pierre Fabre, Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, 31562 Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno David
- Green Mission Pierre Fabre, Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, 31562 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences of Western Switzerland, University
of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University
of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Marie Allard
- Institute of Pharmaceutical
Sciences of Western Switzerland, University
of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University
of Geneva, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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6
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Pelizaro BI, Batista JCZ, Portapilla GB, das Neves AR, Silva F, Carvalho DB, Shiguemoto CYK, Pessatto LR, Paredes-Gamero EJ, Cardoso IA, Luccas PH, Nonato MC, Lopes NP, Galvão F, Oliveira KMP, Cassemiro NS, Silva DB, Piranda EM, Arruda CCP, de Albuquerque S, Baroni ACM. Design and Synthesis of Novel 3-Nitro-1 H-1,2,4-triazole-1,2,3-triazole-1,4-disubstituted Analogs as Promising Antitrypanosomatid Agents: Evaluation of In Vitro Activity against Chagas Disease and Leishmaniasis. J Med Chem 2024; 67:2584-2601. [PMID: 38305199 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
A series of 28 compounds, 3-nitro-1H-1,2,4-triazole, were synthesized by click-chemistry with diverse substitution patterns using medicinal chemistry approaches, such as bioisosterism, Craig-plot, and the Topliss set with excellent yields. Overall, the analogs demonstrated relevant in vitro antitrypanosomatid activity. Analog 15g (R1 = 4-OCF3-Ph, IC50 = 0.09 μM, SI = >555.5) exhibited an outstanding antichagasic activity (Trypanosoma cruzi, Tulahuen LacZ strain) 68-fold more active than benznidazole (BZN, IC50 = 6.15 μM, SI = >8.13) with relevant selectivity index, and suitable LipE = 5.31. 15g was considered an appropriate substrate for the type I nitro reductases (TcNTR I), contributing to a likely potential mechanism of action for antichagasic activity. Finally, 15g showed nonmutagenic potential against Salmonella typhimurium strains (TA98, TA100, and TA102). Therefore, 3-nitro-1H-1,2,4-triazole 15g is a promising antitrypanosomatid candidate for in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno I Pelizaro
- Laboratório de Síntese e Química Medicinal (LASQUIM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grossso do Sul- UFMS, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul CEP 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline C Z Batista
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grossso do Sul- UFMS, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul CEP 79070-900,Brazil
| | - Gisele B Portapilla
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo CEP 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Amarith R das Neves
- Laboratório de Síntese e Química Medicinal (LASQUIM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grossso do Sul- UFMS, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul CEP 79070-900, Brazil
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grossso do Sul- UFMS, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul CEP 79070-900,Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silva
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grossso do Sul- UFMS, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul CEP 79070-900,Brazil
| | - Diego B Carvalho
- Laboratório de Síntese e Química Medicinal (LASQUIM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grossso do Sul- UFMS, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul CEP 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Y K Shiguemoto
- Laboratório de Síntese e Química Medicinal (LASQUIM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grossso do Sul- UFMS, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul CEP 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas R Pessatto
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular (BioMol) e Cultivos Celulares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande,Mato Grosso do Sul CEP 79070-900 ,Brazil
| | - Edgar J Paredes-Gamero
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular (BioMol) e Cultivos Celulares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande,Mato Grosso do Sul CEP 79070-900 ,Brazil
| | - Iara A Cardoso
- Laboratório de Cristalografia de Proteínas, Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo CEP 14040-903 ,Brazil
| | - Pedro H Luccas
- Laboratório de Cristalografia de Proteínas, Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo CEP 14040-903 ,Brazil
| | - M Cristina Nonato
- Laboratório de Cristalografia de Proteínas, Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo CEP 14040-903 ,Brazil
| | - Norberto P Lopes
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Departamento de Ciências Biomoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo CEP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Galvão
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul CEP 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Kelly M P Oliveira
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul CEP 79804-970, Brazil
| | - Nadla S Cassemiro
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas (LAPNEM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grossso do Sul- UFMS, Campo Grande ,Mato Grosso do SulCEP 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Denise B Silva
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas (LAPNEM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grossso do Sul- UFMS, Campo Grande ,Mato Grosso do SulCEP 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Eliane M Piranda
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grossso do Sul- UFMS, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul CEP 79070-900,Brazil
| | - Carla C P Arruda
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grossso do Sul- UFMS, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul CEP 79070-900,Brazil
| | - Sergio de Albuquerque
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo CEP 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Adriano C M Baroni
- Laboratório de Síntese e Química Medicinal (LASQUIM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grossso do Sul- UFMS, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul CEP 79070-900, Brazil
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Ceravolo IP, Leoni LF, Krettli AU, Murta SMF, Resende DDM, Cruz MGFDML, Varejão JOS, Mendes LL, Varejão EVV, Kohlhoff M. Novel 2,5-Diketopiperazines with In Vitro Activities against Protozoan Parasites of Tropical Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:223. [PMID: 38399438 PMCID: PMC10893061 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Malaria, Chagas disease, and leishmaniasis are tropical diseases caused by protozoan parasites of the genera Plasmodium, Trypanosoma and Leishmania, respectively. These diseases constitute a major burden on public health in several regions worldwide, mainly affecting low-income populations in economically poor countries. Severe side effects of currently available drug treatments and the emergence of resistant parasites need to be addressed by the development of novel drug candidates. Natural 2,5-Diketopiperazines (2,5-DKPs) constitute N-heterocyclic secondary metabolites with a wide range of biological activities of medicinal interest. Its structural and physicochemical properties make the 2,5-DKP ring a versatile, peptide-like, and stable pharmacophore attractive for synthetic drug design. In the present work, twenty-three novel synthetic 2,5-DKPs, previously synthesized through the versatile Ugi multicomponent reaction, were assayed for their anti-protozoal activities against P. falciparum, T. cruzi, and L. infantum. Some of the 2,5-DKPs have shown promising activities against the target protozoans, with inhibitory concentrations (IC50) ranging from 5.4 to 9.5 µg/mL. The most active compounds also show low cytotoxicity (CC50), affording selectivity indices ≥ 15. Results allowed for observing a clear relationship between the substitution pattern at the aromatic rings of the 2,5-DKPs and their corresponding anti-Plasmodium activity. Finally, calculated drug-like properties of the compounds revealed points for further structure optimization of promising drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela P. Ceravolo
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, René Rachou Institute (IRR), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil; (I.P.C.); (L.F.L.); (A.U.K.)
| | - Letícia F. Leoni
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, René Rachou Institute (IRR), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil; (I.P.C.); (L.F.L.); (A.U.K.)
| | - Antoniana U. Krettli
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, René Rachou Institute (IRR), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil; (I.P.C.); (L.F.L.); (A.U.K.)
| | - Silvane M. F. Murta
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics of Parasites, René Rachou Institute (IRR), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil; (S.M.F.M.); (D.d.M.R.); (M.G.F.d.M.L.C.)
| | - Daniela de M. Resende
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics of Parasites, René Rachou Institute (IRR), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil; (S.M.F.M.); (D.d.M.R.); (M.G.F.d.M.L.C.)
| | - Mariza G. F. de M. L. Cruz
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics of Parasites, René Rachou Institute (IRR), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil; (S.M.F.M.); (D.d.M.R.); (M.G.F.d.M.L.C.)
| | - Jodieh O. S. Varejão
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry Studies and Organic Synthesis, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil; (J.O.S.V.); (L.L.M.); (E.V.V.V.)
| | - Lorena L. Mendes
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry Studies and Organic Synthesis, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil; (J.O.S.V.); (L.L.M.); (E.V.V.V.)
| | - Eduardo V. V. Varejão
- Laboratory of Natural Product Chemistry Studies and Organic Synthesis, Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), Av. PH Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil; (J.O.S.V.); (L.L.M.); (E.V.V.V.)
| | - Markus Kohlhoff
- Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Chemistry, René Rachou Institute (IRR), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Av. Augusto de Lima, 1715, Belo Horizonte 30190-002, Brazil
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8
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Espinoza-Chávez RM, Oliveira Rezende Júnior CD, de Souza ML, Pauli I, Valli M, Gomes Ferreira LL, Chelucci RC, Michelan-Duarte S, Krogh R, Romualdo da Silva FB, Cruz FC, de Oliveira AS, Andricopulo AD, Dias LC. Structure-activity relationships of novel N-imidazoylpiperazines with potent anti- Trypanosoma cruzi activity. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:253-269. [PMID: 38193294 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Chagas disease is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, and the lack of effective and safe treatments makes identifying new classes of compounds with anti-T. cruzi activity of paramount importance. Methods: Hit-to-lead exploration of a metabolically stable N-imidazoylpiperazine was performed. Results: Compound 2, a piperazine derivative active against T. cruzi, was selected to perform the hit-to-lead exploration, which involved the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 39 new derivatives. Conclusion: Compounds 6e and 10a were identified as optimized compounds with low micromolar in vitro activity, low cytotoxicity and suitable preliminary absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion and physicochemical properties. Both compounds reduced parasitemia in mouse models of Chagas disease, providing a promising opportunity for further exploration of new antichagasic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Marisol Espinoza-Chávez
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, Campinas-SP, 13084-971, Brazil
| | - Celso de Oliveira Rezende Júnior
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, Campinas-SP, 13084-971, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia-MG, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Mariana Laureano de Souza
- Laboratory of Medicinal & Computational Chemistry, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos-SP, 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Ivani Pauli
- Laboratory of Medicinal & Computational Chemistry, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos-SP, 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Marilia Valli
- Laboratory of Medicinal & Computational Chemistry, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos-SP, 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Luiz Gomes Ferreira
- Laboratory of Medicinal & Computational Chemistry, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos-SP, 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Rafael Consolin Chelucci
- Laboratory of Medicinal & Computational Chemistry, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos-SP, 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Simone Michelan-Duarte
- Laboratory of Medicinal & Computational Chemistry, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos-SP, 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Renata Krogh
- Laboratory of Medicinal & Computational Chemistry, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos-SP, 13563-120, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio Cardoso Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, São Paulo-SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Aldo Sena de Oliveira
- Department of Exact Sciences & Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus of Blumenau, Santa Catarina-SC, 89036-256, Brazil
| | - Adriano Defini Andricopulo
- Laboratory of Medicinal & Computational Chemistry, São Carlos Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos-SP, 13563-120, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Dias
- Laboratory of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, Campinas-SP, 13084-971, Brazil
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9
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Libardi SH, Ahmad A, Ferreira FB, Oliveira RJ, Caruso ÍP, Melo FA, de Albuquerque S, Cardoso DR, Burtoloso ACB, Borges JC. Interaction between diterpene icetexanes and old yellow enzymes of Leishmania braziliensis and Trypanosoma cruzi. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129192. [PMID: 38216013 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Old Yellow Enzymes (OYEs) are flavin-dependent redox enzymes that promote the asymmetric reduction of activated alkenes. Due to the high importance of flavoenzymes in the metabolism of organisms, the interaction between OYEs from the parasites Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania braziliensis and three diterpene icetexanes (brussonol and two analogs), were evaluated in the present study, and differences in the binding mechanism and inhibition capacity of these molecules were examined. Although the aforementioned compounds showed poor and negligible activities against T. cruzi and L. braziliensis cells, respectively, the experiments with the purified enzymes indicated that the interaction occurs by divergent mechanisms. Overall, the ligands' inhibitory effect depends on their accessibility to the N5 position of the flavin's isoalloxazine ring. The results also indicated that the OYEs found in both parasites share structural similarities and showed affinities for the diterpene icetexanes in the same range. Nevertheless, the interaction between OYEs and ligands is directed by enthalpy and/or entropy in distinct ways. In conclusion, the binding site of both OYEs exhibits remarkable plasticity, and a large range of different molecules, including that can be substrates and inhibitors, can bind this site. This plasticity should be considered in drug design using OYE as a target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia H Libardi
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Anees Ahmad
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ronaldo J Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e Educação, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, 38064-200 Uberaba, MG, Brazil
| | - Ícaro P Caruso
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE) - UNESP, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis and Centro Nacional para Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando A Melo
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE) - UNESP, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio de Albuquerque
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP CEP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Daniel R Cardoso
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio C B Burtoloso
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Júlio C Borges
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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10
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Haroon M, Akhtar T, Mehmood H, da Silva Santos AC, da Conceição JM, Brondani GL, Silva Tibúrcio RD, Galindo Bedor DC, Viturino da Silva JW, Sales Junior PA, Alves Pereira VR, Lima Leite AC. Synthesis of hydrazinyl-thiazole ester derivatives, in vitro trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activities. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:221-238. [PMID: 38269432 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: To synthesize novel more potent trypanocidal and leishmanicidal agents. Methods: Hantzsch's synthetic strategy was used to synthesize 1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylates and their N-benzylated derivatives. Results: 28 new thiazole-carboxylates and their N-benzylated derivatives were established to test their trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activities. From both series, compounds 3b, 4f, 4g, 4j and 4n exhibited a better or comparable trypanocidal profile to benznidazole. Among all tested compounds, 4n was found to be the most potent and was better than benznidazole. Conclusion: Further variation of substituents around 1,3-thiazole-4-carboxylates and or hydrazinyl moiety may assist in establishing better and more potent trypanocidal and leishmanicidal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Haroon
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High Street, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Tashfeen Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science & Technology (MUST), 10250-Mirpur (AJK), Pakistan
| | - Hasnain Mehmood
- Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science & Technology (MUST), 10250-Mirpur (AJK), Pakistan
| | | | - Juliana M da Conceição
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Graziella Leite Brondani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Robert da Silva Tibúrcio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Danilo C Galindo Bedor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - José W Viturino da Silva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana C Lima Leite
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50740-520, Recife, PE, Brazil
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11
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Rodriguez C, Ibáñez R, Olmedo DA, Ng M, Spadafora C, Durant-Archibold AA, Gutiérrez M. Anti-Trypanosomal Bufadienolides from the Oocytes of the Toad Rhinella alata (Anura, Bufonidae). Molecules 2023; 29:196. [PMID: 38202779 PMCID: PMC10779871 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Amphibians are widely known as a prolific source of bioactive metabolites. In this work, we isolated and characterized compounds with antiparasitic activity from the oocytes of the toad Rhinella alata collected in Panama. Bio-guided isolation and structural elucidation were carried out using chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques, respectively. The organic extract was subjected to solid phase extraction followed by HPLC purification of the fraction with in vitro activity against Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes. Seven steroids (1-7) of the bufadienolide family were isolated, and their structures were determined using NMR and MS analyses; of these 19-formyl-dyscinobufotalin, (3) is reported as a new natural product. Compounds 1 and 3-7 resulted in a good anti-trypanosomal activity profile. Among these, 16β-hydroxyl-hellebrigenin (1) and bufalin (7) showed significant selectivity values of >5 and 2.69, respectively, while the positive control benznidazole showed a selectivity of 18.81. Furthermore, molecular docking analysis showed compounds 1, 3 and 7 interact through H-bonds with the amino acid residues GLN-19, ASP-158, HIS-159 and TRP-177 from cruzipain at the catalytic site. Given the lack of therapeutic options to treat American trypanosomiasis, this work can serve as the basis for further studies that aim for the development of bufadienolides or their derivatives as drugs against Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candelario Rodriguez
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), Panamá 0843-01103, Panama; (C.R.); (A.A.D.-A.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur 522510, India
| | - Roberto Ibáñez
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancon 0843-03092, Panama;
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá 0824-03366, Panama
| | - Dionisio A. Olmedo
- Centro de Investigaciones Farmacognósticas de la Flora Panameña (CIFLORPAN), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá 0824-03366, Panama;
| | - Michelle Ng
- Centro de Biología Celular y Molecular de Enfermedades, INDICASAT AIP, Panamá 0843-01103, Panama; (M.N.); (C.S.)
| | - Carmenza Spadafora
- Centro de Biología Celular y Molecular de Enfermedades, INDICASAT AIP, Panamá 0843-01103, Panama; (M.N.); (C.S.)
| | - Armando A. Durant-Archibold
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), Panamá 0843-01103, Panama; (C.R.); (A.A.D.-A.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Exactas y Tecnología, Universidad de Panamá, Panamá 0824-03366, Panama
| | - Marcelino Gutiérrez
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), Panamá 0843-01103, Panama; (C.R.); (A.A.D.-A.)
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12
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Carvalho DB, Costa PAN, Portapilla GB, das Neves AR, Shiguemoto CYK, Pelizaro BI, Silva F, Piranda EM, Arruda CCP, Gaspari PDM, Cardoso IA, Luccas PH, Nonato MC, Lopes NP, de Albuquerque S, Baroni ACM. Design, synthesis and antitrypanosomatid activity of 2-nitroimidazole-3,5-disubstituted isoxazole compounds based on benznidazole. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115451. [PMID: 37573209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Chagas disease and leishmaniasis are neglected diseases of high priority as a public health problem. Pharmacotherapy is based on the administration of a few drugs, which exhibit hazardous adverse effects and toxicity to the patients. Thus, the search for new antitrypanosomatid drugs is imperative to overcome the limitations of the treatments. In this work, 46 2-nitroimidazole 3,5-disubstituted isoxazole compounds were synthesized in good yields by [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between terminal acetylene (propargyl-2-nitroimidazole) and chloro-oximes. The compounds were non-toxic to LLC-MK2 cells. Compounds 30, 35, and 44 showed in vitro antichagasic activity, 15-fold, 12-fold, and 10-fold, respectively, more active than benznidazole (BZN). Compounds 30, 35, 44, 45, 53, and 61 acted as substrates for the TcNTR enzyme, indicating that this might be one of the mechanisms of action involved in their antiparasitic activity. Piperazine series and 4-monosubstituted compounds were potent against T. cruzi parasites. Besides the in vitro activity observed in compound 45, the in vivo assay showed that the compound only reduced the parasitemia levels by the seventh-day post-infection (77%, p > 0.001) compared to the control group. However, 45 significantly reduced the parasite load in cardiac tissue (p < 0.01) 11 days post-infection. Compounds 49, 52, and 54 showed antileishmanial activity against intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania (L.) amazonensis at the same range as amphotericin B. These findings highlight the antitrypanosomatid properties of 2-nitroimidazole 3,5-disubstituted isoxazole compounds and the possibility in using them as antitrypanosomatid agents in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego B Carvalho
- Laboratório de Síntese e Química Medicinal (LASQUIM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grossso do Sul- UFMS, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, CEP 79051-470, Brazil
| | - Pedro A N Costa
- Laboratório de Síntese e Química Medicinal (LASQUIM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grossso do Sul- UFMS, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, CEP 79051-470, Brazil; Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grossso do Sul- UFMS, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, CEP 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Gisele B Portapilla
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Amarith R das Neves
- Laboratório de Síntese e Química Medicinal (LASQUIM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grossso do Sul- UFMS, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, CEP 79051-470, Brazil; Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grossso do Sul- UFMS, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, CEP 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Y K Shiguemoto
- Laboratório de Síntese e Química Medicinal (LASQUIM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grossso do Sul- UFMS, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, CEP 79051-470, Brazil
| | - Bruno I Pelizaro
- Laboratório de Síntese e Química Medicinal (LASQUIM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grossso do Sul- UFMS, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, CEP 79051-470, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silva
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grossso do Sul- UFMS, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, CEP 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Eliane M Piranda
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grossso do Sul- UFMS, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, CEP 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Carla C P Arruda
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grossso do Sul- UFMS, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, CEP 79070-900, Brazil
| | - Priscyla D M Gaspari
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n Monte Alegre, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Iara A Cardoso
- Laboratório de Cristalografia de Proteínas, Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n Monte Alegre, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Pedro H Luccas
- Laboratório de Cristalografia de Proteínas, Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n Monte Alegre, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - M Cristina Nonato
- Laboratório de Cristalografia de Proteínas, Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n Monte Alegre, CEP 14040-903, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Norberto P Lopes
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Departamento de Ciências Biomoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/n Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Sergio de Albuquerque
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto - Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Adriano C M Baroni
- Laboratório de Síntese e Química Medicinal (LASQUIM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grossso do Sul- UFMS, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, CEP 79051-470, Brazil.
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13
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Menozzi CAC, França RRF, Luccas PH, Baptista MDS, Fernandes TVA, Hoelz LVB, Sales Junior PA, Murta SMF, Romanha A, Galvão BVD, Macedo MDO, Goldstein ADC, Araujo-Lima CF, Felzenszwalb I, Nonato MC, Castelo-Branco FS, Boechat N. Anti- Trypanosoma cruzi Activity, Mutagenicity, Hepatocytotoxicity and Nitroreductase Enzyme Evaluation of 3-Nitrotriazole, 2-Nitroimidazole and Triazole Derivatives. Molecules 2023; 28:7461. [PMID: 38005183 PMCID: PMC10672842 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD), which is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and was discovered more than 100 years ago, remains the leading cause of death from parasitic diseases in the Americas. As a curative treatment is only available for the acute phase of CD, the search for new therapeutic options is urgent. In this study, nitroazole and azole compounds were synthesized and underwent molecular modeling, anti-T. cruzi evaluations and nitroreductase enzymatic assays. The compounds were designed as possible inhibitors of ergosterol biosynthesis and/or as substrates of nitroreductase enzymes. The in vitro evaluation against T. cruzi clearly showed that nitrotriazole compounds are significantly more potent than nitroimidazoles and triazoles. When their carbonyls were reduced to hydroxyl groups, the compounds showed a significant increase in activity. In addition, these substances showed potential for action via nitroreductase activation, as the substances were metabolized at higher rates than benznidazole (BZN), a reference drug against CD. Among the compounds, 1-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-2-(3-nitro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethanol (8) is the most potent and selective of the series, with an IC50 of 0.39 µM and selectivity index of 3077; compared to BZN, 8 is 4-fold more potent and 2-fold more selective. Moreover, this compound was not mutagenic at any of the concentrations evaluated, exhibited a favorable in silico ADMET profile and showed a low potential for hepatotoxicity, as evidenced by the high values of CC50 in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, compared to BZN, derivative 8 showed a higher rate of conversion by nitroreductase and was metabolized three times more quickly when both compounds were tested at a concentration of 50 µM. The results obtained by the enzymatic evaluation and molecular docking studies suggest that, as planned, nitroazole derivatives may utilize the nitroreductase metabolism pathway as their main mechanism of action against Trypanosoma cruzi. In summary, we have successfully identified and characterized new nitrotriazole analogs, demonstrating their potential as promising candidates for the development of Chagas disease drug candidates that function via nitroreductase activation, are considerably selective and show no mutagenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheyene Almeida Celestino Menozzi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal—PPGFQM-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Bloco J, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil (R.R.F.F.)
- Laboratório de Síntese de Fármacos—LASFAR, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Farmanguinhos—Fiocruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Rodrigo Florido França
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia e Química Medicinal—PPGFQM-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Bloco J, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil (R.R.F.F.)
- Laboratório de Síntese de Fármacos—LASFAR, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Farmanguinhos—Fiocruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Luccas
- Laboratório de Cristalografia de Proteínas—LCP-RP, Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo FCFRP-USP, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Mayara dos Santos Baptista
- Laboratório de Síntese de Fármacos—LASFAR, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Farmanguinhos—Fiocruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil
| | - Tácio Vinício Amorim Fernandes
- Laboratório de Síntese de Fármacos—LASFAR, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Farmanguinhos—Fiocruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil
| | - Lucas Villas Bôas Hoelz
- Laboratório de Síntese de Fármacos—LASFAR, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Farmanguinhos—Fiocruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alvaro Romanha
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou/CPqRR—Fiocruz, Belo Horizonte 30190-009, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Verena Dias Galvão
- Laboratório de Mutagênese Ambiental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências—PPGB—Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Marcela de Oliveira Macedo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular e Celular—PPGBMC—Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20211-010, Brazil
| | - Alana da Cunha Goldstein
- Laboratório de Mutagênese Ambiental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências—PPGB—Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Carlos Fernando Araujo-Lima
- Laboratório de Mutagênese Ambiental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências—PPGB—Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular e Celular—PPGBMC—Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20211-010, Brazil
| | - Israel Felzenszwalb
- Laboratório de Mutagênese Ambiental, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências—PPGB—Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20551-030, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Nonato
- Laboratório de Cristalografia de Proteínas—LCP-RP, Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo FCFRP-USP, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Frederico Silva Castelo-Branco
- Laboratório de Síntese de Fármacos—LASFAR, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Farmanguinhos—Fiocruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil
| | - Nubia Boechat
- Laboratório de Síntese de Fármacos—LASFAR, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Farmanguinhos—Fiocruz, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21041-250, Brazil
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14
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Bosch-Navarrete C, Pérez-Moreno G, Annang F, Diaz-Gonzalez R, García-Hernández R, Rocha H, Gamarro F, Cordón-Obras C, Navarro M, Rodriguez A, Genilloud O, Reyes F, Vicente F, Ruiz-Pérez LM, González-Pacanowska D. Strasseriolides display in vitro and in vivo activity against trypanosomal parasites and cause morphological and size defects in Trypanosoma cruzi. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011592. [PMID: 37713416 PMCID: PMC10529594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neglected diseases caused by kinetoplastid parasites are a health burden in tropical and subtropical countries. The need to create safe and effective medicines to improve treatment remains a priority. Microbial natural products are a source of chemical diversity that provides a valuable approach for identifying new drug candidates. We recently reported the discovery and bioassay-guided isolation of a novel family of macrolides with antiplasmodial activity. The novel family of four potent antimalarial macrolides, strasseriolides A-D, was isolated from cultures of Strasseria geniculata CF-247251, a fungal strain obtained from plant tissues. In the present study, we analyze these strasseriolides for activity against kinetoplastid protozoan parasites, namely, Trypanosoma brucei brucei, Leishmania donovani and Trypanosoma cruzi. Compounds exhibited mostly low activities against T. b. brucei, yet notable growth inhibition and selectivity were observed for strasseriolides C and D in the clinically relevant intracellular T. cruzi and L. donovani amastigotes with EC50 values in the low micromolar range. Compound C is fast-acting and active against both intracellular and trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi. While cell cycle defects were not identified, prominent morphological changes were visualized by differential interference contrast microscopy and smaller and rounded parasites were visualized upon exposure to strasseriolide C. Moreover, compound C lowers parasitaemia in vivo in acute models of infection of Chagas disease. Hence, strasseriolide C is a novel natural product active against different forms of T. cruzi in vitro and in vivo. The study provides an avenue for blocking infection of new cells, a strategy that could additionally contribute to avoid treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Bosch-Navarrete
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Guiomar Pérez-Moreno
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Frederick Annang
- Fundación MEDINA, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Rosario Diaz-Gonzalez
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Raquel García-Hernández
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Hedy Rocha
- Department of Microbiology, Core Anti-infectives, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Francisco Gamarro
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Carlos Cordón-Obras
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Navarro
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Rodriguez
- Department of Microbiology, Core Anti-infectives, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Olga Genilloud
- Fundación MEDINA, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Reyes
- Fundación MEDINA, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisca Vicente
- Fundación MEDINA, Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Luis M. Ruiz-Pérez
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Dolores González-Pacanowska
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina "López-Neyra", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Parque Tecnológico Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, Spain
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15
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Vieira da Silva Torchelsen FK, Fernandes Pedrosa TC, Rodrigues MP, de Aguiar AR, de Oliveira FM, Amarante GW, Sales-Junior PA, Branquinho RT, Gomes da Silva SP, Talvani A, Fonseca Murta SM, Martins FT, Braun RL, Teixeira RR, Furtado Mosqueira VC, Lana MD. Novel diamides inspired by protein kinase inhibitors as anti- Trypanosoma cruzi agents: in vitro and in vivo evaluations. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:1469-1489. [PMID: 37650735 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chagas disease is a life-threatening illness caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. The involvement of serine-/arginine-rich protein kinase in the T. cruzi life cycle is significant. Aims: To synthesize, characterize and evaluate the trypanocidal activity of diamides inspired by kinase inhibitor, SRPIN340. Material & Methods: Synthesis using a three-step process and characterization by infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution mass spectrometry were conducted. The selectivity index was obtained by the ratio of CC50/IC50 in two in vitro models. The most active compound, 3j, was evaluated using in vitro cytokine assays and assessing in vivo trypanocidal activity. Results: 3j activity in the macrophage J774 lineage showed an anti-inflammatory profile, and mice showed significantly reduced parasitemia and morbidity at low compound dosages. Conclusion: Novel diamide is active against T. cruzi in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamiles Caroline Fernandes Pedrosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil
| | | | - Alex Ramos de Aguiar
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 30130-171, Brazil
| | | | - Giovanni Wilson Amarante
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36036-900, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Tupinambá Branquinho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Sirlaine Pio Gomes da Silva
- Programa de pós-graduação em Saúde e Nutrição, Escola de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - André Talvani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil
- Programa de pós-graduação em Saúde e Nutrição, Escola de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil
| | | | - Felipe Terra Martins
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, 74001-970, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ligabue Braun
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Róbson Ricardo Teixeira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 30130-171, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Carla Furtado Mosqueira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil
| | - Marta de Lana
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, 35400-000, Brazil
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16
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Nunes EAC, da Silva MC, Cardoso MH, Preza SLE, de Oliveira LS, Frihling BEF, Charneau SO, Grellier P, Franco OL, Migliolo L. Anti-Protozoan Activities of Polar Fish-Derived Polyalanine Synthetic Peptides. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:434. [PMID: 37623715 PMCID: PMC10456387 DOI: 10.3390/md21080434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease, sleeping sickness and malaria are infectious diseases caused by protozoan parasites that kill millions of people worldwide. Here, we performed in vitro assays of Pa-MAP, Pa-MAP1.9, and Pa-MAP2 synthetic polyalanine peptides derived from the polar fish Pleuronectes americanus toward Trypanosoma cruzi, T. brucei gambiense and Plasmodium falciparum activities. We demonstrated that the peptides Pa-MAP1.9 and Pa-MAP2 were effective to inhibit T. brucei growth. In addition, structural analyses using molecular dynamics (MD) studies showed that Pa-MAP2 penetrates deeper into the membrane and interacts more with phospholipids than Pa-MAP1.9, corroborating the previous in vitro results showing that Pa-MAP1.9 acts within the cell, while Pa-MAP2 acts via membrane lysis. In conclusion, polyalanine Pa-MAP1.9 and Pa-MAP2 presented activity against bloodstream forms of T. b. gambiense, thus encouraging further studies on the application of these peptides as a treatment for sleeping sickness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Cláudia da Silva
- S-Inova Biotech, Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Dom Bosco Catholic University, Campo Grande 79117-900, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo 14040-900, Brazil
- Laboratory of Research in Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceio 57020-600, Brazil
| | - Marlon Henrique Cardoso
- S-Inova Biotech, Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Dom Bosco Catholic University, Campo Grande 79117-900, Brazil
- Center for Proteomics and Biochemical Analysis, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasilia 71966-700, Brazil
| | | | - Lucas Silva de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasilia 73345-010, Brazil
- UMR 7245 Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-Organismes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
- Graduate Program in Molecular Pathology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 73345-010, Brazil
| | | | - Sébastien Olivier Charneau
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Protein Chemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasilia 73345-010, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Molecular Pathology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 73345-010, Brazil
| | - Philippe Grellier
- UMR 7245 Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-Organismes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- S-Inova Biotech, Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Dom Bosco Catholic University, Campo Grande 79117-900, Brazil
- Center for Proteomics and Biochemical Analysis, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasilia 71966-700, Brazil
| | - Ludovico Migliolo
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-900, Brazil
- S-Inova Biotech, Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Dom Bosco Catholic University, Campo Grande 79117-900, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
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17
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Hakim JMC, Guarnizo SAG, Machaca EM, Gilman RH, Mugnier MR. Whole Genome Assembly of a Hybrid Trypanosoma cruzi Strain Assembled with Nanopore Sequencing Alone. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.27.550875. [PMID: 37546813 PMCID: PMC10402163 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.27.550875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease, which causes 10,000 deaths per year. Despite the high mortality caused by the pathogen, relatively few parasite genomes have been assembled to date; even some commonly used laboratory strains do not have publicly available genome assemblies. This is at least partially due to T. cruzi's highly complex and highly repetitive genome: while describing the variation in genome content and structure is critical to better understanding T. cruzi biology and the mechanisms that underlie Chagas disease, the complexity of the genome defies investigation using traditional short read sequencing methods. Here, we have generated a high-quality whole genome assembly of the hybrid Tulahuen strain, a commercially available Type VI strain, using long read Nanopore sequencing without short read scaffolding. Using automated tools and manual curation for annotation, we report a genome with 25% repeat regions, 17% variable multigene family members, and 27% transposable elements. Notably, we find that regions with transposable elements are significantly enriched for surface proteins, and that on average surface proteins are closer to transposable elements compared to other coding regions. This finding supports a possible mechanism for diversification of surface proteins in which mobile genetic elements such as transposons facilitate recombination within the gene family. This work demonstrates the feasibility of nanopore sequencing to resolve complex regions of T. cruzi genomes, and with these resolved regions, provides support for a possible mechanism for genomic diversification.
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18
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Robledo SM, Pérez-Silanes S, Fernández-Rubio C, Poveda A, Monzote L, González VM, Alonso-Collado P, Carrión J. Neglected Zoonotic Diseases: Advances in the Development of Cell-Penetrating and Antimicrobial Peptides against Leishmaniosis and Chagas Disease. Pathogens 2023; 12:939. [PMID: 37513786 PMCID: PMC10383258 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2020, the WHO established the road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021-2030, which aims to control and eradicate 20 diseases, including leishmaniosis and Chagas disease. In addition, since 2015, the WHO has been developing a Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance. In this context, the achievement of innovative strategies as an alternative to replace conventional therapies is a first-order socio-sanitary priority, especially regarding endemic zoonoses in poor regions, such as those caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp. infections. In this scenario, it is worth highlighting a group of natural peptide molecules (AMPs and CPPs) that are promising strategies for improving therapeutic efficacy against these neglected zoonoses, as they avoid the development of toxicity and resistance of conventional treatments. This review presents the novelties of these peptide molecules and their ability to cross a whole system of cell membranes as well as stimulate host immune defenses or even serve as vectors of molecules. The efforts of the biotechnological sector will make it possible to overcome the limitations of antimicrobial peptides through encapsulation and functionalization methods to obtain approval for these treatments to be used in clinical programs for the eradication of leishmaniosis and Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Robledo
- Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales PECET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Silvia Pérez-Silanes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, ISTUN Instituto de Salud Tropical, IdiSNA, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Celia Fernández-Rubio
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, ISTUN Instituto de Salud Tropical, IdiSNA, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Poveda
- DNA Replication and Genome Instability Unit, Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Zoonosis y Salud Pública (GIBCIZ), Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis-CIZ, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170521, Ecuador
| | - Lianet Monzote
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine "Pedro Kourí", Apartado Postal No. 601, Marianao 13, La Habana 10400, Cuba
| | - Víctor M González
- Grupo de Aptámeros, Departamento de Bioquímica-Investigación, IRYCIS-Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar Viejo Km. 9.100, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Alonso-Collado
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Carrión
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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19
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Ortiz C, Breuning M, Robledo S, Echeverri F, Vargas E, Quiñones W. Biological activities of 4H-thiochromen-4-one 1,1-dioxide derivatives against tropical disease parasites: A target-based drug design approach. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17801. [PMID: 37483711 PMCID: PMC10362183 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A promising strategy for developing novel therapies against tropical diseases, including malaria, leishmaniasis, and trypanosomiasis, is to detect biological targets such as trypanothione reductase, a vital parasite enzyme that regulates oxidative stress. This enzyme is highly selective and conserved in the Trypanosotidae family and has an ortholog in the Plasmodium genus. Previous studies have established that an isosteric replacement of naphthoquinone's carbonyl group with a sulfone group leads to compounds with high bioactivity and selectivity (half-maximal inhibitory concentration = 3 μM against intracellular amastigotes of L. panamensis, selectivity index = 153 over monocytes U-937). In this study, we analyzed the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels of parasites through indirect measurements of the tryparedoxin system after treatment with these isosteric compounds. This strategy proved that a significant increase in the ROS levels and strong mitochondrial perturbation led to the death of parasites due to cell homeostatic imbalance, confirming the compounds' effectiveness in disrupting this important metabolic pathway. To improve understanding of the parasite-molecule interaction, 27 new compounds were synthesized and assessed against parasites of the three principal tropical diseases (malaria, leishmaniasis, and trypanosomiasis), displaying an EC50 below 10 μM and good correlation with in-silico studies, indicating that the 4H-thiochromen-4-one 1,1-dioxide core is a special allosteric modulator. It can interact in the binding pocket through key amino acids like Ser-14, Leu-17, Trp-21, Ser-109, Tyr-110, and Met-113, leading to interhelical disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Ortiz
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Matthias Breuning
- Fakultät für Biologie, Chemie und Geowissenschaften, Universität Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Sara Robledo
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Fernando Echeverri
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Esteban Vargas
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Wiston Quiñones
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia
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20
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Cadamuro RD, Bastos IMADS, de Freitas ACO, Rosa MDS, Costa GDO, da Silva IT, Robl D, Stoco PH, Sandjo LP, Treichel H, Steindel M, Fongaro G. Bioactivity Screening and Chemical Characterization of Biocompound from Endophytic Neofusicoccum parvum and Buergenerula spartinae Isolated from Mangrove Ecosystem. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1599. [PMID: 37375101 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of biomolecules has been the subject of extensive research for several years due to their potential to combat harmful pathogens that can lead to environmental contamination and infections in both humans and animals. This study aimed to identify the chemical profile of endophytic fungi, namely Neofusicoccum parvum and Buergenerula spartinae, which were isolated from Avecinnia schaueriana and Laguncularia racemosa. We identified several HPLC-MS compounds, including Ethylidene-3,39-biplumbagin, Pestauvicolactone A, Phenylalanine, 2-Isopropylmalic acid, Fusaproliferin, Sespendole, Ansellone, Calanone derivative, Terpestacin, and others. Solid-state fermentation was conducted for 14-21 days, and methanol and dichloromethane extraction were performed to obtain a crude extract. The results of our cytotoxicity assay revealed a CC50 value > 500 μg/mL, while the virucide, Trypanosoma, leishmania, and yeast assay demonstrated no inhibition. Nevertheless, the bacteriostatic assay showed a 98% reduction in Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli. Our findings suggest that these endophytic fungi species with distinct chemical profiles represent a promising niche for further exploring new biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Dorighello Cadamuro
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Claudia Oliveira de Freitas
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Marilene da Silva Rosa
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Izabella Thaís da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Diogo Robl
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Patricia Hermes Stoco
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Louis Pergaud Sandjo
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Helen Treichel
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocess, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Erechim 99700970, RS, Brazil
| | - Mário Steindel
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Fongaro
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
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21
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Gabaldón-Figueira JC, Martinez-Peinado N, Escabia E, Ros-Lucas A, Chatelain E, Scandale I, Gascon J, Pinazo MJ, Alonso-Padilla J. State-of-the-Art in the Drug Discovery Pathway for Chagas Disease: A Framework for Drug Development and Target Validation. Res Rep Trop Med 2023; 14:1-19. [PMID: 37337597 PMCID: PMC10277022 DOI: 10.2147/rrtm.s415273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is the most important protozoan infection in the Americas, and constitutes a significant public health concern throughout the world. Development of new medications against its etiologic agent, Trypanosoma cruzi, has been traditionally slow and difficult, lagging in comparison with diseases caused by other kinetoplastid parasites. Among the factors that explain this are the incompletely understood mechanisms of pathogenesis of T. cruzi infection and its complex set of interactions with the host in the chronic stage of the disease. These demand the performance of a variety of in vitro and in vivo assays as part of any drug development effort. In this review, we discuss recent breakthroughs in the understanding of the parasite's life cycle and their implications in the search for new chemotherapeutics. For this, we present a framework to guide drug discovery efforts against Chagas disease, considering state-of-the-art preclinical models and recently developed tools for the identification and validation of molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nieves Martinez-Peinado
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic—University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Escabia
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic—University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Ros-Lucas
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic—University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eric Chatelain
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Scandale
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joaquim Gascon
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic—University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Jesús Pinazo
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases Initiative (DNDi), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julio Alonso-Padilla
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic—University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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22
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Impact of Laboratory-Adapted Intracellular Trypanosoma cruzi Strains on the Activity Profiles of Compounds with Anti- T. cruzi Activity. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020476. [PMID: 36838441 PMCID: PMC9967867 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is caused by infection with the protozoan parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi. The disease causes ~12,000 deaths annually and is one of the world's 20 neglected tropical diseases, as defined by the World Health Organisation. The drug discovery pipeline for Chagas disease currently has few new clinical candidates, with high attrition rates an ongoing issue. To determine if the Trypanosoma cruzi strain utilised to assess in vitro compound activity impacts activity, a comparison of laboratory-adapted T. cruzi strains from differing geographical locations was undertaken for a selection of compounds with anti-T. cruzi activity. To minimise the possible effect of differences in experimental methodology, the same host cell and multiplicity of infection were utilised. To determine whether the compound exposure time influenced results, activity was determined following exposure for 48 and 72 h of incubation. To ascertain whether replication rates affected outcomes, comparative rates of replication of the T. cruzi strains were investigated, using the nucleoside analogue, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine. Minimal differences in the in vitro activity of compounds between strains were observed following 48 h incubation, whereas significant differences were observed following 72 h incubation, in particular for the cytochrome P450 inhibitors tested and the cell cycle inhibitor, camptothecin. Thus, the use of panels of laboratory adapted strains in vitro may be dependent on the speed of action that is prioritised. For the identification of fast-acting compounds, an initial shorter duration assay using a single strain may be used. A longer incubation to identify compound activity may alternatively require profiling of compounds against multiple T. cruzi strains.
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23
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Annang FB, Pérez-Moreno G, Bosch-Navarrete C, González-Menéndez V, Martín J, Mackenzie TA, Ramos MC, Ruiz-Pérez LM, Genilloud O, González-Pacanowska D, Vicente F, Reyes F. Antiparasitic Meroterpenoids Isolated from Memnoniella dichroa CF-080171. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020492. [PMID: 36839814 PMCID: PMC9962372 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Memnoniella is a fungal genus from which a wide range of diverse biologically active compounds have been isolated. A Memnoniella dichroa CF-080171 extract was identified to exhibit potent activity against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 and Trypanosoma cruzi Tulahuen whole parasites in a high-throughput screening (HTS) campaign of microbial extracts from the Fundación MEDINA's collection. Bioassay-guided isolation of the active metabolites from this extract afforded eight new meroterpenoids of varying potencies, namely, memnobotrins C-E (1-3), a glycosylated isobenzofuranone (4), a tricyclic isobenzofuranone (5), a tetracyclic benzopyrane (6), a tetracyclic isobenzofuranone (7), and a pentacyclic isobenzofuranone (8). The structures of the isolated compounds were established by (+)-ESI-TOF high-resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Compounds 1, 2, and 4 exhibited potent antiparasitic activity against P. falciparum 3D7 (EC50 0.04-0.243 μM) and T. cruzi Tulahuen (EC50 0.266-1.37 μM) parasites, as well as cytotoxic activity against HepG2 tumoral liver cells (EC50 1.20-4.84 μM). The remaining compounds (3, 5-8) showed moderate or no activity against the above-mentioned parasites and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Boye Annang
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores de Andalucía, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avda. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.B.A.); (F.R.); Tel.: +34-958-993965 (F.R.)
| | - Guiomar Pérez-Moreno
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina “López-Neyra”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Avda. del Conocimiento 17, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Cristina Bosch-Navarrete
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina “López-Neyra”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Avda. del Conocimiento 17, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Victor González-Menéndez
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores de Andalucía, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avda. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Martín
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores de Andalucía, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avda. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Thomas A. Mackenzie
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores de Andalucía, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avda. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Maria C. Ramos
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores de Andalucía, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avda. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Luis M. Ruiz-Pérez
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina “López-Neyra”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Avda. del Conocimiento 17, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Olga Genilloud
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores de Andalucía, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avda. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Dolores González-Pacanowska
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina “López-Neyra”, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Avda. del Conocimiento 17, Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisca Vicente
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores de Andalucía, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avda. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Fernando Reyes
- Fundación MEDINA, Centro de Excelencia en Investigación de Medicamentos Innovadores de Andalucía, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avda. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (F.B.A.); (F.R.); Tel.: +34-958-993965 (F.R.)
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Generation of Aurachin Derivatives by Whole-Cell Biotransformation and Evaluation of Their Antiprotozoal Properties. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031066. [PMID: 36770729 PMCID: PMC9919615 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The natural product aurachin D is a farnesylated quinolone alkaloid, which is known to possess activity against the causative agent of malaria, Plasmodium spp. In this study, we show that aurachin D inhibits other parasitic protozoa as well. While aurachin D had only a modest effect on Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, two other trypanosomatids, T. cruzi and Leishmania donovani, were killed at low micromolar and nanomolar concentrations, respectively, in an in vitro assay. The determined IC50 values of aurachin D were even lower than those of the reference drugs benznidazole and miltefosine. Due to these promising results, we set out to explore the impact of structural modifications on the bioactivity of this natural product. In order to generate aurachin D derivatives with varying substituents at the C-2, C-6 and C-7 position of the quinolone ring system, we resorted to whole-cell biotransformation using a recombinant Escherichia coli strain capable of aurachin-type prenylations. Quinolone precursor molecules featuring methyl, methoxy and halogen groups were fed to this E. coli strain, which converted the substrates into the desired analogs. None of the generated derivatives exhibited improved antiprotozoal properties in comparison to aurachin D. Obviously, the naturally occurring aurachin D features already a privileged structure, especially for the inhibition of the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis.
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Development and Application of an Assay to Evaluate the Anti-Parasitic Effect of Humoral Responses against Trypanosoma cruzi. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020241. [PMID: 36838206 PMCID: PMC9966445 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting a balanced and robust humoral immune response is of utmost importance for reducing the infectivity of Trypanosoma cruzi. While the role of such a response in controlling the infection is well known, there is a lack of tools that can be used to quickly evaluate it. We developed a serum parasite inhibition assay (to evaluate changes in the parasite infection after exposing infective T. cruzi trypomastigotes to serum samples from infected patients). It is based on Vero cells as the hosts and the Tulahuen β-galactosidase parasite strain, genetically engineered to be quantifiable by spectrophotometry. In parallel, we developed an in-house ELISA to correlate the anti-T. cruzi antibody titres of the clinical samples with their observed anti-parasitic effect in the serum parasite inhibition assay. Serum samples from chronically T. cruzi-infected patients significantly inhibited parasite invasion in a titre-dependant manner, regardless of the patient's clinical status, compared to samples from the non-infected controls. In addition, there was a clear correlation between the reactivity of the samples to the whole-parasite lysates by ELISA and the inhibitory effect. The results of this work confirm the previously described anti-parasitic effect of the serum of individuals exposed to T. cruzi and present a framework for its large-scale evaluation in further studies. The serum parasite inhibition assay represents a reproducible way to evaluate the intensity and anti-parasitic effect of humoral responses against T. cruzi, which could be applied to the evaluation of candidate antigens/epitopes in the design of Chagas disease vaccine candidates.
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Barnadas-Carceller B, Martinez-Peinado N, Gómez LC, Ros-Lucas A, Gabaldón-Figueira JC, Diaz-Mochon JJ, Gascon J, Molina IJ, Pineda de las Infantas y Villatoro MJ, Alonso-Padilla J. Identification of compounds with activity against Trypanosoma cruzi within a collection of synthetic nucleoside analogs. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 12:1067461. [PMID: 36710960 PMCID: PMC9880260 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1067461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, and it is the most important neglected tropical disease in the Americas. Two drugs are available to treat the infection, but their efficacy in the chronic stage of the disease, when most cases are diagnosed, is reduced. Their tolerability is also hindered by common adverse effects, making the development of safer and efficacious alternatives a pressing need. T. cruzi is unable to synthesize purines de novo, relying on a purine salvage pathway to acquire these from its host, making it an attractive target for the development of new drugs. Methods We evaluated the anti-parasitic activity of 23 purine analogs with different substitutions in the complementary chains of their purine rings. We sequentially screened the compounds' capacity to inhibit parasite growth, their toxicity in Vero and HepG2 cells, and their specific capacity to inhibit the development of amastigotes. We then used in-silico docking to identify their likely targets. Results Eight compounds showed specific anti-parasitic activity, with IC50 values ranging from 2.42 to 8.16 μM. Adenine phosphoribosyl transferase, and hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase, are their most likely targets. Discussion Our results illustrate the potential role of the purine salvage pathway as a target route for the development of alternative treatments against T. cruzi infection, highlithing the apparent importance of specific substitutions, like the presence of benzene groups in the C8 position of the purine ring, consistently associated with a high and specific anti-parasitic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Barnadas-Carceller
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clinic - University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nieves Martinez-Peinado
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clinic - University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Secció de Parasitologia, Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Córdoba Gómez
- Department of Medicinal & Organic Chemistry and Excellence Research Unit of “Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and the Environment”, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Albert Ros-Lucas
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clinic - University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan J. Diaz-Mochon
- Department of Medicinal & Organic Chemistry and Excellence Research Unit of “Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and the Environment”, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain,GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Pfizer/University of Granada/Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain,Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Joaquim Gascon
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clinic - University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio J. Molina
- Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine, Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - María José Pineda de las Infantas y Villatoro
- Department of Medicinal & Organic Chemistry and Excellence Research Unit of “Chemistry Applied to Biomedicine and the Environment”, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain,*Correspondence: Julio Alonso-Padilla, ; María José Pineda de las Infantas y Villatoro,
| | - Julio Alonso-Padilla
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clinic - University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC, ISCIII), Madrid, Spain,*Correspondence: Julio Alonso-Padilla, ; María José Pineda de las Infantas y Villatoro,
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27
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Carvalho DB, das Neves AR, Portapilla GB, Soares O, Santos LBB, Oliveira JRS, Vianna LS, Judice WAS, Cardoso IA, Luccas PH, Nonato MC, Lopes NP, de Albuquerque S, Baroni ACM. Repurposing of 5‐nitrofuran‐3,5‐disubstituted isoxazoles: A thriving scaffold to antitrypanosomal agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 356:e2200472. [PMID: 36534890 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) is a neglected disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. The two drugs used in the treatment schedules exhibit adverse effects and severe toxicity. Thus, searching for new antitrypanosomal agents is urgent to provide improved treatments to those affected by this disease. 5-Nitrofuran-isoxazole analogs were synthesized by cycloaddition reactions [3+2] between chloro-oximes and acetylenes in satisfactory yields. We analyzed the structure-activity relationship of the analogs based on Hammett's and Hansch's parameters. The 5-nitrofuran-isoxazole analogs exhibited relevant in vitro antitrypanosomal activity against the amastigote forms of T. cruzi. Analog 7s was the trending hit of the series, showing an IC50 value of 40 nM and a selectivity index of 132.50. A possible explanation for this result may be the presence of an electrophile near the isoxazole core. Moreover, the most active analogs proved to act as an in vitro substrate of type I nitroreductase rather than the cruzain, enzymes commonly investigated in molecular target studies of CD drug discovery. These findings suggest that 5-nitrofuran-isoxazole analogs are promising in the studies of agents for CD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego B. Carvalho
- Laboratório de Síntese e Química Medicinal (LASQUIM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição Universidade Federal de Mato Grossso do Sul (UFMS) Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil
| | - Amarith R. das Neves
- Laboratório de Síntese e Química Medicinal (LASQUIM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição Universidade Federal de Mato Grossso do Sul (UFMS) Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil
- Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal de Mato Grossso do Sul (UFMS) Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil
| | - Gisele B. Portapilla
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto—Universidade de São Paulo Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ozildeia Soares
- Laboratório de Síntese e Química Medicinal (LASQUIM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição Universidade Federal de Mato Grossso do Sul (UFMS) Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil
| | - Larissa B. B. Santos
- Laboratório de Síntese e Química Medicinal (LASQUIM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição Universidade Federal de Mato Grossso do Sul (UFMS) Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil
| | - Jefferson R. S. Oliveira
- Laboratório de Síntese e Química Medicinal (LASQUIM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição Universidade Federal de Mato Grossso do Sul (UFMS) Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil
| | - Luan S. Vianna
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biochemical Research University of Mogi das Cruzes (UMC) Mogi das Cruzes SP Brazil
| | - Wagner A. S. Judice
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biochemical Research University of Mogi das Cruzes (UMC) Mogi das Cruzes SP Brazil
| | - Iara A. Cardoso
- Laboratório de Cristalografia de Proteínas, Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Pedro H. Luccas
- Laboratório de Cristalografia de Proteínas, Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - M. Cristina Nonato
- Laboratório de Cristalografia de Proteínas, Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Norberto P. Lopes
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Departamento de Ciências Biomoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Sergio de Albuquerque
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto—Universidade de São Paulo Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Adriano C. M. Baroni
- Laboratório de Síntese e Química Medicinal (LASQUIM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição Universidade Federal de Mato Grossso do Sul (UFMS) Campo Grande Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil
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Synthesis and investigation of the trypanocidal potential of novel 1,2,3-triazole-selenide hybrids. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 243:114687. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Pitasse-Santos P, Salustiano E, Pena RB, Chaves OA, da Fonseca LM, da Costa KM, Santos CADN, Reis JSD, da Costa Santos MAR, Previato JO, Previato LM, Freire-de-Lima L, Romeiro NC, Pinto-da-Silva LH, Freire-de-Lima CG, Decotè-Ricardo D, Freire-de-Lima ME. A Novel Protocol for the Synthesis of 1,2,4-Oxadiazoles Active against Trypanosomatids and Drug-Resistant Leukemia Cell Lines. Trop Med Infect Dis 2022; 7:tropicalmed7120403. [PMID: 36548658 PMCID: PMC9787607 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed7120403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer and parasitic diseases, such as leishmaniasis and Chagas disease, share similarities that allow the co-development of new antiproliferative agents as a strategy to quickly track the discovery of new drugs. This strategy is especially interesting regarding tropical neglected diseases, for which chemotherapeutic alternatives are extremely outdated. We designed a series of (E)-3-aryl-5-(2-aryl-vinyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazoles based on the reported antiparasitic and anticancer activities of structurally related compounds. The synthesis of such compounds led to the development of a new, fast, and efficient strategy for the construction of a 1,2,4-oxadiazole ring on a silica-supported system under microwave irradiation. One hit compound (23) was identified during the in vitro evaluation against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cell lines (EC50 values ranging from 5.5 to 13.2 µM), Trypanosoma cruzi amastigotes (EC50 = 2.9 µM) and Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes (EC50 = 12.2 µM) and amastigotes (EC50 = 13.5 µM). In silico studies indicate a correlation between the in vitro activity and the interaction with tubulin at the colchicine binding site. Furthermore, ADMET in silico predictions indicate that the compounds possess a high druggability potential due to their physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and toxicity profiles, and for hit 23, it was identified by multiple spectroscopic approaches that this compound binds with human serum albumin (HSA) via a spontaneous ground-state association with a moderate affinity driven by entropically and enthalpically energies into subdomain IIA (site I) without significantly perturbing the secondary content of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Pitasse-Santos
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica 23890-000, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Salustiano
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21491-170, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raynná Bittencourt Pena
- Laboratório Integrado de Computação Científica (LICC), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro—Centro Multidisciplinar UFRJ Macaé, Macaé 27930-560, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Otávio Augusto Chaves
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Coimbra Chemistry Center, Departamento de Química, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Universidade de Coimbra, Rua Larga s/n, 3000 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Leonardo Marques da Fonseca
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21491-170, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kelli Monteiro da Costa
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21491-170, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Jhenifer Santos Dos Reis
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21491-170, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Jose Osvaldo Previato
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21491-170, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucia Mendonça Previato
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21491-170, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Freire-de-Lima
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21491-170, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nelilma Correia Romeiro
- Laboratório Integrado de Computação Científica (LICC), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro—Centro Multidisciplinar UFRJ Macaé, Macaé 27930-560, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Helena Pinto-da-Silva
- Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica 23890-000, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Célio G. Freire-de-Lima
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21491-170, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Débora Decotè-Ricardo
- Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica 23890-000, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marco Edilson Freire-de-Lima
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica 23890-000, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Reis RCFM, Reis ACC, Torchelsen FKVS, de Lana M, Junior PAS, Brandão GC, Braga SFP, de Souza TB. Synthesis, trypanocidal and cytotoxic activities of α,β-unsaturated ketones derived from eugenol and analogues. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02976-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
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Valli M, Souza JM, Chelucci RC, Biasetto CR, Araujo AR, Bolzani VDS, Andricopulo AD. Identification of natural cytochalasins as leads for neglected tropical diseases drug discovery. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275002. [PMID: 36190979 PMCID: PMC9529094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigating the chemical diversity of natural products from tropical environments is an inspiring approach to developing new drug candidates for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). In the present study, phenotypic screenings for antiprotozoal activity and a combination of computational and biological approaches enabled the identification and characterization of four cytochalasins, which are fungal metabolites from Brazilian biodiversity sources. Cytochalasins A-D exhibited IC50 values ranging from 2 to 20 μM against intracellular Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania infantum amastigotes, values comparable to those of the standard drugs benznidazole and miltefosine for Chagas disease and leishmaniasis, respectively. Furthermore, cytochalasins A-D reduced L. infantum infections by more than 80% in THP-1 cells, most likely due to the inhibition of phagocytosis by interactions with actin. Molecular modelling studies have provided useful insights into the mechanism of action of this class of compounds. Furthermore, cytochalasins A-D showed moderate cytotoxicity against normal cell lines (HFF-1, THP-1, and HepG2) and a good overall profile for oral bioavailability assessed in vitro. The results of this study support the use of natural products from Brazilian biodiversity sources to find potential drug candidates for two of the most important NTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Valli
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry (LQMC), Centre for Research and Innovation in Biodiversity and Drug Discovery (CIBFar), São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail: (ADA); (MV)
| | - Julia Medeiros Souza
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry (LQMC), Centre for Research and Innovation in Biodiversity and Drug Discovery (CIBFar), São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Consolin Chelucci
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry (LQMC), Centre for Research and Innovation in Biodiversity and Drug Discovery (CIBFar), São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Rabal Biasetto
- Nuclei of Bioassays, Biosynthesis and Ecophysiology of Natural Products (NuBBE), Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Angela Regina Araujo
- Nuclei of Bioassays, Biosynthesis and Ecophysiology of Natural Products (NuBBE), Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani
- Nuclei of Bioassays, Biosynthesis and Ecophysiology of Natural Products (NuBBE), Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano Defini Andricopulo
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry (LQMC), Centre for Research and Innovation in Biodiversity and Drug Discovery (CIBFar), São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail: (ADA); (MV)
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32
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Martinho ACC, Resende DDM, Landin ES, Dit Lapierre TJWJ, Bernardes TCD, Martins LC, Ferreira RS, Murta SMF, de Oliveira Rezende Júnior C. Synthesis, Design, and Structure-Activity Relationship of a Benzenesulfonylpiperazine Series Against Trypanosoma Cruzi. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200211. [PMID: 35993440 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease, endemic in Latin America and caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi . Available treatments show low cure efficacy during the chronic phase of the disease and cause a series of side effects, reinforcing the need to develop new drugs against Chagas disease. In this work, we describe the optimization of a trypanocidal hit compound recently reported in phenotypic HTS studies against Trypanosoma cruzi . A hit-to-lead process was initiated and a structure-activity relationship against Trypanosoma cruzi was obtained after the synthesis and biological evaluation of 22 new benzenesulfonylpiperazine derivatives. From this SAR study, we identified three compounds with a promising predicted ADMET profile and potency comparable to the reference drug benznidazole, which are candidates for further development towards therapies for Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela de Melo Resende
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Instituto René Rachou: Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz Instituto Rene Rachou, René Rachou Institute, BRAZIL
| | - Emanuelly Silva Landin
- Federal University of Uberlandia: Universidade Federal de Uberlandia, Chemistry Institute, BRAZIL
| | | | | | - Luan Carvalho Martins
- Federal University of Minas Gerais: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Biochemistry and immunology, BRAZIL
| | - Rafaela Salgado Ferreira
- Federal University of Minas Gerais: Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Biochemistry and immunology, BRAZIL
| | - Silvane Maria Fonseca Murta
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Rene Rachou Institute: Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz Instituto Rene Rachou, René Rachou Institute, BRAZIL
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33
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Majer T, Bhattarai K, Straetener J, Pohlmann J, Cahill P, Zimmermann MO, Hübner MP, Kaiser M, Svenson J, Schindler M, Brötz-Oesterhelt H, Boeckler FM, Gross H. Discovery of Ircinianin Lactones B and C-Two New Cyclic Sesterterpenes from the Marine Sponge Ircinia wistarii. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080532. [PMID: 36005535 PMCID: PMC9410537 DOI: 10.3390/md20080532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new ircinianin-type sesterterpenoids, ircinianin lactone B and ircinianin lactone C (7 and 8), together with five known entities from the ircinianin compound family (1, 3–6) were isolated from the marine sponge Ircinia wistarii. Ircinianin lactones B and C (7 and 8) represent new ircinianin terpenoids with a modified oxidation pattern. Despite their labile nature, the structures could be established using a combination of spectroscopic data, including HRESIMS and 1D/2D NMR techniques, as well as computational chemistry and quantum-mechanical calculations. In a broad screening approach for biological activity, the class-defining compound ircinianin (1) showed moderate antiprotozoal activity against Plasmodium falciparum (IC50 25.4 μM) and Leishmania donovani (IC50 16.6 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Majer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Keshab Bhattarai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Straetener
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine (IMIT), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Justus Pohlmann
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology, Section Molecular Virology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Cahill
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson 7010, New Zealand
| | - Markus O. Zimmermann
- Lab for Molecular Design and Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marc P. Hübner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Johan Svenson
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson 7010, New Zealand
| | - Michael Schindler
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology, Section Molecular Virology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heike Brötz-Oesterhelt
- Department of Microbial Bioactive Compounds, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine (IMIT), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence ‘Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections’, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Frank M. Boeckler
- Lab for Molecular Design and Pharmaceutical Biophysics, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute for Biomedical Informatics (IBMI), University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Harald Gross
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence ‘Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections’, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-7071-2976970
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34
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5-Nitroindazole-based compounds: further studies for activity optimization as anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agents. Acta Trop 2022; 234:106607. [PMID: 35907502 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a new series of eleven 5-nitroindazole derivatives (10-20) and a related 6-nitroquinazoline (21) was synthesized and tested in vitro against different forms of the kinetoplastid parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, etiological agent of Chagas disease. Among these compounds, derivatives 11-14 and 17 showed trypanocidal profiles on epimastigotes (IC50 = 1.00-8.75 µM) considerably better than that of the reference drug benznidazole, BZ (IC50 = 25.22 µM). Furthermore, the lack of cytotoxicity observed for compounds 11, 12, 14, 17 and 18 over L929 fibroblasts, led to a notable selectivity (SI) on the extracellular replicative form of the parasite: SIEPI > 12.41 to > 256 µM. Since these five derivatives overpassed the cut-off value established by BZ (SIEPI ≥ 10), they were moved to a more specific assay against the intracellular and replicative form of T. cruzi, i.e, amastigotes. These molecules were not as active as BZ (IC50 = 0.57 µM) against this parasite form; however, all of them showed remarkable IC50 values lower than 7 µM. Special mention deserve compounds 12 and 17, whose SIAMA were > 246.15 and > 188.23, respectively. The results compiled in the present work, point to a positive impact over the trypanocidal activity of the electron withdrawing substituents introduced at position 2 of the N-2 benzyl moiety of these compounds, especially fluorine, i.e., derivatives 12 and 17. These outcomes, supported by the in silico prediction of good oral bioavailability and suitable risk profile, reinforce the 5-nitroindazole scaffold as an adequate template for preparing potential antichagasic agents.
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35
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Nguyen TD, Lan Y, Kane SS, Haffner JJ, Liu R, McCall LI, Yang Z. Single-Cell Mass Spectrometry Enables Insight into Heterogeneity in Infectious Disease. Anal Chem 2022; 94:10567-10572. [PMID: 35863111 PMCID: PMC10064790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cellular heterogeneity is generally overlooked in infectious diseases. In this study, we investigated host cell heterogeneity during infection with Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) parasites, causative agents of Chagas disease (CD). In chronic-stage CD, only a few host cells are infected with a large load of parasites and symptoms may appear at sites distal to parasite colonization. Furthermore, recent work has revealed T. cruzi heterogeneity with regard to replication rates and drug susceptibility. However, the role of cellular-level metabolic heterogeneity in these processes has yet to be assessed. To fill this knowledge gap, we developed a Single-probe SCMS (single-cell mass spectrometry) method compatible with biosafety protocols, to acquire metabolomics data from individual cells during T. cruzi infection. This study revealed heterogeneity in the metabolic response of the host cells to T. cruzi infection in vitro. Our results showed that parasite-infected cells possessed divergent metabolism compared to control cells. Strikingly, some uninfected cells adjacent to infected cells showed metabolic impacts as well. Specific metabolic changes include increases in glycerophospholipids with infection. These results provide novel insight into the pathogenesis of CD. Furthermore, they represent the first application of bioanalytical SCMS to the study of mammalian-infectious agents, with the potential for broad applications to study infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tra D Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Yunpeng Lan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Shelley S Kane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Jacob J Haffner
- Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States.,Department of Anthropology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Renmeng Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Laura-Isobel McCall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States.,Laboratories of Molecular Anthropology and Microbiome Research, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
| | - Zhibo Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, United States
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36
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Martinez-Peinado N, Ortiz JE, Cortes-Serra N, Pinazo MJ, Gascon J, Tapia A, Roitman G, Bastida J, Feresin GE, Alonso-Padilla J. Anti-Trypanosoma cruzi activity of alkaloids isolated from Habranthus brachyandrus (Amaryllidaceae) from Argentina. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 101:154126. [PMID: 35489322 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chagas disease, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, affects over six million people worldwide, mainly in Latin American countries. Currently available drugs have variable efficacy in the chronic phase and significant side effects, so there is an urgent need for safer chemotherapeutic treatments. Natural products provide privileged structures that could serve as templates for the synthesis of new drugs. Among them, Amaryllidaceae plants have proved to be a potential natural source of therapeutical agents due to their rich diversity in alkaloids. PURPOSE To identify alkaloids with anti-T. cruzi activity from Habranthus brachyandrus (Baker) Sealy (Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae) collected in Argentina. METHODS An H. brachyandrus alkaloid extract was tested against T. cruzi, and its cytotoxicity profile was evaluated against two mammalian cell lines to ascertain its selectivity against the parasite and potential liver toxicity. It was also assessed by a stage-specific anti-amastigote assay and analysed by GC/MS to determine its alkaloid profile. The isolated alkaloids were also tested using the aforementioned assays. RESULTS The extract showed high and specific activity against T. cruzi. The alkaloids lycoramine, galanthindole, 8-O-demethylmaritidine, 8-O-demethylhomolycorine, nerinine, trisphaeridine, deoxytazettine, and tazettamide were identified by means of GC-MS. In addition, hippeastidine (also named aulicine), tazzetine, ismine, and 3-epimacronine were isolated. The alkaloid ismine was specifically active against the parasite and had low toxicity against HepG2 cells, but did not show anti-amastigote activity. CONCLUSION The extract had specific anti-T. cruzi activity and the isolated alkaloid ismine was partially responsible of it. These results encourage further exploration of H. brachyandrus alkaloids in search of novel starting points for Chagas disease drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Martinez-Peinado
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clinic-University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC, ISCIII), Spain
| | - Javier E Ortiz
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martin 1109 O, San Juan, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 (C1425FQB) CABA, Argentina
| | - Nuria Cortes-Serra
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clinic-University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC, ISCIII), Spain
| | - Maria Jesus Pinazo
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clinic-University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC, ISCIII), Spain
| | - Joaquim Gascon
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clinic-University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC, ISCIII), Spain
| | - Alejandro Tapia
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martin 1109 O, San Juan, Argentina
| | - German Roitman
- Facultad de Turismo y Urbanismo, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Av. del Libertador San Martín 721 (D5881DFN) Villa de Merlo, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Jaume Bastida
- Departament de Biologia, Sanitat i Medi Ambient, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l´Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Gabriela E Feresin
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martin 1109 O, San Juan, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 (C1425FQB) CABA, Argentina.
| | - Julio Alonso-Padilla
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clinic-University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERINFEC, ISCIII), Spain.
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37
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Di Bello E, Noce B, Fioravanti R, Zwergel C, Valente S, Rotili D, Fianco G, Trisciuoglio D, Mourão MM, Sales P, Lamotte S, Prina E, Späth GF, Häberli C, Keiser J, Mai A. Effects of Structurally Different HDAC Inhibitors against Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania, and Schistosoma mansoni. ACS Infect Dis 2022; 8:1356-1366. [PMID: 35732073 PMCID: PMC9274761 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.2c00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Neglected tropical
diseases (NTDs), including trypanosomiasis,
leishmaniasis, and schistosomiasis, result in a significant burden
in terms of morbidity and mortality worldwide every year. Current
antiparasitic drugs suffer from several limitations such as toxicity,
no efficacy toward all of the forms of the parasites’ life
cycle, and/or induction of resistance. Histone-modifying enzymes play
a crucial role in parasite growth and survival; thus, the use of epigenetic
drugs has been suggested as a strategy for the treatment of NTDs.
We tested structurally different HDACi 1–9, chosen from our in-house library or newly synthesized,
against Trypanosoma cruzi,
Leishmania spp, and Schistosoma mansoni. Among them, 4 emerged as the most potent against all
of the tested parasites, but it was too toxic against host cells,
hampering further studies. The retinoic 2′-aminoanilide 8 was less potent than 4 in all parasitic assays,
but as its toxicity is considerably lower, it could be the starting
structure for further development. In T. cruzi, compound 3 exhibited a single-digit micromolar inhibition of parasite
growth combined with moderate toxicity. In S. mansoni, 4’s close analogs 17–20 were tested in new transformed schistosomula (NTS) and
adult worms displaying high death induction against both parasite
forms. Among them, 17 and 19 exhibited very
low toxicity in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, thus
being promising compounds for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Di Bello
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Noce
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Fioravanti
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Clemens Zwergel
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Valente
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Fianco
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Trisciuoglio
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council (CNR), Via degli Apuli 4, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marina M Mourão
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Policarpo Sales
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Suzanne Lamotte
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1201, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, 25-28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Eric Prina
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1201, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, 25-28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Gerald F Späth
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1201, Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, 25-28 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Cécile Häberli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4002 Allschwil, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Peterspl. 1, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, 4002 Allschwil, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Peterspl. 1, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.,Pasteur Institute, Cenci-Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, P. le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Kratz JM, Gonçalves KR, Romera LM, Moraes CB, Bittencourt-Cunha P, Schenkman S, Chatelain E, Sosa-Estani S. The translational challenge in Chagas disease drug development. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2022; 117:e200501. [PMID: 35613156 PMCID: PMC9128742 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760200501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. There is an urgent need for safe, effective, and accessible new treatments since the currently approved drugs have serious limitations. Drug development for Chagas disease has historically been hampered by the complexity of the disease, critical knowledge gaps, and lack of coordinated R&D efforts. This review covers some of the translational challenges associated with the progression of new chemical entities from preclinical to clinical phases of development, and discusses how recent technological advances might allow the research community to answer key questions relevant to the disease and to overcome hurdles in R&D for Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadel M Kratz
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karolina R Gonçalves
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Lavínia Md Romera
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Carolina Borsoi Moraes
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Diadema, SP, Brasil
| | - Paula Bittencourt-Cunha
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Microbiologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Sergio Schenkman
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Eric Chatelain
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sergio Sosa-Estani
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative, Geneva, Switzerland.,Epidemiology and Public Health Research Centre, CIESP-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Bustamante C, Díez-Mejía AF, Arbeláez N, Soares MJ, Robledo SM, Ochoa R, Varela-M. RE, Marín-Villa M. In Silico, In Vitro, and Pharmacokinetic Studies of UBMC-4, a Potential Novel Compound for Treating against Trypanosoma cruzi. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11060616. [PMID: 35745470 PMCID: PMC9229894 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11060616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of Chagas disease, a neglected disease, drives the discovery of new drugs with trypanocidal activity. Consequently, we conducted in vitro studies using UBMC-4, a potential Trypanosoma cruzi AKT-like pleckstrin homology (PH) domain inhibitory compound found using bioinformatics tools. The half effective concentration (EC50) on intracellular amastigotes was determined at 1.85 ± 1 μM showing low cytotoxicity (LC50) > 40 μM on human cell lines tested. In order to study the lethal effect caused by the compound on epimastigotes, morphological changes were assessed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Progressive alterations such as flagellum inactivation, cell size reduction, nuclear structure alteration, condensation of chromatin towards the nuclear periphery, vacuole formation, and mitochondrial swelling with kinetoplast integrity loss were evidenced. In addition, apoptosis-like markers in T. cruzi were assessed by flow cytometry, demonstrating that the effect of UBMC-4 on T. cruzi AKT-like kinase reduced the tolerance to nutritional stress-triggered, apoptosis-like events, including DNA fragmentation, mitochondrial damage, and loss of plasma membrane integrity. After this, UBMC-4 was formulated for oral administration and pharmacokinetics were analyzed in a mouse model. Finally, upon oral administration of 200 mg/kg in mice, we found that a UBMC-4 plasma concentration remaining in circulation beyond 24 h after administration is well described by the two-compartment model. We conclude that UBMC-4 has an effective trypanocidal activity in vitro at low concentrations and this effect is evident in T. cruzi cell structures. In mice, UBMC-4 was well absorbed and reached plasma concentrations higher than the EC50, showing features that would aid in developing a new drug to treat Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bustamante
- PECET-Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (A.F.D.-M.); (N.A.); (S.M.R.)
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (M.M.-V.)
| | - Andrés Felipe Díez-Mejía
- PECET-Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (A.F.D.-M.); (N.A.); (S.M.R.)
| | - Natalia Arbeláez
- PECET-Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (A.F.D.-M.); (N.A.); (S.M.R.)
| | - Maurilio José Soares
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute/Fiocruz, Curitiba 81350-010, Paraná, Brazil;
| | - Sara M. Robledo
- PECET-Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (A.F.D.-M.); (N.A.); (S.M.R.)
| | - Rodrigo Ochoa
- Biophysics of Tropical Diseases, Max Planck Tandem Group, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia;
| | - Rubén E. Varela-M.
- Grupo (QUIBIO), School of Basic Sciences, Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali 760032, Colombia;
| | - Marcel Marín-Villa
- PECET-Programa de Estudio y Control de Enfermedades Tropicales, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia; (A.F.D.-M.); (N.A.); (S.M.R.)
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (M.M.-V.)
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Gaudry A, Huber F, Nothias LF, Cretton S, Kaiser M, Wolfender JL, Allard PM. MEMO: Mass Spectrometry-Based Sample Vectorization to Explore Chemodiverse Datasets. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2022; 2:842964. [PMID: 36304329 PMCID: PMC9580960 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2022.842964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In natural products research, chemodiverse extracts coming from multiple organisms are explored for novel bioactive molecules, sometimes over extended periods. Samples are usually analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with fragmentation mass spectrometry to acquire informative mass spectral ensembles. Such data is then exploited to establish relationships among analytes or samples (e.g., via molecular networking) and annotate metabolites. However, the comparison of samples profiled in different batches is challenging with current metabolomics methods since the experimental variation—changes in chromatographical or mass spectrometric conditions - hinders the direct comparison of the profiled samples. Here we introduce MEMO—MS2 BasEd SaMple VectOrization—a method allowing to cluster large amounts of chemodiverse samples based on their LC-MS/MS profiles in a retention time agnostic manner. This method is particularly suited for heterogeneous and chemodiverse sample sets. MEMO demonstrated similar clustering performance as state-of-the-art metrics considering fragmentation spectra. More importantly, such performance was achieved without the requirement of a prior feature alignment step and in a significantly shorter computational time. MEMO thus allows the comparison of vast ensembles of samples, even when analyzed over long periods of time, and on different chromatographic or mass spectrometry platforms. This new addition to the computational metabolomics toolbox should drastically expand the scope of large-scale comparative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Gaudry
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florian Huber
- Center for Digitalization and Digitality, HSD—Düsseldorf University of Applied Sciences, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Louis-Félix Nothias
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sylvian Cretton
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Kaiser
- Department of Medical and Parasitology and Infection Biology, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Marie Allard
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Pierre-Marie Allard,
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In Vitro Pharmacological Screening of Essential Oils from Baccharis parvidentata and Lippia origanoides Growing in Brazil. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061926. [PMID: 35335288 PMCID: PMC8953750 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the in vitro antimicrobial, antiparasitic, antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities of essential oil from Baccharis parvidentata Malag. (EO-Bp) and Lippia origanoides Kunth (EO-Lo) were explored. The relevant effects were observed against the parasitic protozoans Plasmodium falciparum, Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania amazonensis (ranging 0.6 to 39.7 µg/mL) and malignant MCF-7, MCF-7/HT, 22Rv1, and A431 cell lines (ranging 6.1 to 31.5 µg/mL). In parallel, EO-Bp showed better selective indexes in comparison with EO-Lo against peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mice and MRC-5 cell line. In conclusion, EO-Lo is known to show a wide range of health benefits that could be added as another potential use of this oil with the current study. In the case of EO-Bp, the wide spectrum of its activities against protozoal parasites and malignant cells, as well as its selectivity in comparison with non-malignant cells, could suggest an interesting candidate for further tests as a new therapeutic alternative.
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Coumaro-chalcones synthesized under solvent-free conditions as potential agents against malaria, leishmania and trypanosomiasis. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08939. [PMID: 35198789 PMCID: PMC8851253 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis, and malaria are a group of neglected tropical diseases present in tropical regions and they affect large numbers of people in developing countries. A series of thirteen coumaro-chalcones (A1-A13) were synthesized under solvent-free conditions and their in vitro anti-leishmanial, anti-plasmodial, anti-trypanosomal and cytotoxic activities were evaluated. One of these coumaro-chalcones, 3-[(2E)-3-(3-ethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]-2H-chromen-2-one (A12), is a new compound. Compounds 3-[(2E)-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]-2H-chromen-2-one (A5), 3-[(2E)-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]-2H-chromen-2-one (A2) and 3-[(2E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoyl]-2H-chromen-2-one (A1) displayed strong inhibition against intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania panamensis with EC50 of 2.1 ± 0.1, 2.5 ± 0.2 and 3.7 ± 0.5 μM, respectively. In addition, Plasmodium falciparum was moderately inhibited by the coumarin-chalcone hybrids, particularly A12 (EC50: 15.0 ± 0.5 μM) and 3-[(2E)-3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)prop-2-enoyl]-2H-chromen-2-one (A13) (EC50: 15.2 ± 1.1 μM). Remarkably, the coumaro-chalcone A5 (EC50: 18.7 ± 2.4 μM) exhibited an inhibition of the Trypanosoma cruzi intracellular amastigotes similar to the commercial drug Benznidazole (EC50: 14.5 ± 0.1 μM). These results support the therapeutic potential of coumaro-chalcone hybrids.
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Alcântara IS, Martins AOBPB, de Oliveira MRC, Coronel C, Gomez MCV, Rolón M, Wanderley AG, Júnior LJQ, de Souza Araújo AA, de Araújo ACJ, Freitas PR, Coutinho HDM, de Menezes IRA. Cytotoxic potential and antiparasitic activity of the Croton rhamnifolioides Pax leaves. & K. Hoffm essential oil and its inclusion complex (EOCr/β-CD). Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-021-03556-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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44
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2-Nitro-1-vinyl-1H-imidazole. MOLBANK 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/m1326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitroimidazoles are pharmacophoric groups responsible for important antiparasitic activity against several infectious diseases. 2-Nitroimidazoles are found in some antiparasitic drugs and are one of the main moieties responsible for the biological activities exhibited. As an example, we can mention the drug benznidazole, the only drug available in Brazil for the treatment of Chagas disease. This work describes an efficient methodology for the synthesis of 2-nitro-1-vinyl-1H-imidazole through a simple and direct approach, as well as its full characterization and biological assessment. The antiparasitic evaluation of 2-nitro-1-vinyl-1H-imidazole against Trypanosoma cruzi (Tulahuen C2C4-LacZ strain) showed IC50 = 4.8 μM on amastigotes and low cytotoxicity against LLC-MK2 cells (IC50 > 500 μM), validating 2-nitro-1-vinyl-1H-imidazole as a biologically active structural subunit for anti-T. cruzi activity. The results presented herein demonstrate that 2-nitro-1-vinyl-1H-imidazole can be easily obtained, possessing great potential for use in the design of new antichagasic drugs through a molecular hybridization strategy using known coupling reactions.
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Pauli I, Rezende CDO, Slafer BW, Dessoy MA, de Souza ML, Ferreira LLG, Adjanohun ALM, Ferreira RS, Magalhães LG, Krogh R, Michelan-Duarte S, Del Pintor RV, da Silva FBR, Cruz FC, Dias LC, Andricopulo AD. Multiparameter Optimization of Trypanocidal Cruzain Inhibitors With In Vivo Activity and Favorable Pharmacokinetics. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:774069. [PMID: 35069198 PMCID: PMC8767159 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.774069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cruzain, the main cysteine protease of Trypanosoma cruzi, plays key roles in all stages of the parasite's life cycle, including nutrition acquisition, differentiation, evasion of the host immune system, and invasion of host cells. Thus, inhibition of this validated target may lead to the development of novel drugs for the treatment of Chagas disease. In this study, a multiparameter optimization (MPO) approach, molecular modeling, and structure-activity relationships (SARs) were employed for the identification of new benzimidazole derivatives as potent competitive inhibitors of cruzain with trypanocidal activity and suitable pharmacokinetics. Extensive pharmacokinetic studies enabled the identification of metabolically stable and permeable compounds with high selectivity indices. CYP3A4 was found to be involved in the main metabolic pathway, and the identification of metabolic soft spots provided insights into molecular optimization. Compound 28, which showed a promising trade-off between pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics, caused no acute toxicity and reduced parasite burden both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivani Pauli
- Laboratório de Química Medicinal e Computacional, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Celso de O Rezende
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Brian W Slafer
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marco A Dessoy
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mariana L de Souza
- Laboratório de Química Medicinal e Computacional, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Leonardo L G Ferreira
- Laboratório de Química Medicinal e Computacional, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Abraham L M Adjanohun
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rafaela S Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luma G Magalhães
- Laboratório de Química Medicinal e Computacional, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Renata Krogh
- Laboratório de Química Medicinal e Computacional, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Simone Michelan-Duarte
- Laboratório de Química Medicinal e Computacional, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fabio C Cruz
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz C Dias
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Adriano D Andricopulo
- Laboratório de Química Medicinal e Computacional, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
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Dantas RF, Torres-Santos EC, Silva Jr FP. Past and future of trypanosomatids high-throughput phenotypic screening. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2022; 117:e210402. [PMID: 35293482 PMCID: PMC8920514 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760210402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases caused by trypanosomatid parasites affect millions of people mainly living in developing countries. Novel drugs are highly needed since there are no vaccines and available treatment has several limitations, such as resistance, low efficacy, and high toxicity. The drug discovery process is often analogous to finding a needle in the haystack. In the last decades a so-called rational drug design paradigm, heavily dependent on computational approaches, has promised to deliver new drugs in a more cost-effective way. Paradoxically however, the mainstay of these computational methods is data-driven, meaning they need activity data for new compounds to be generated and available in databases. Therefore, high-throughput screening (HTS) of compounds still is a much-needed exercise in drug discovery to fuel other rational approaches. In trypanosomatids, due to the scarcity of validated molecular targets and biological complexity of these parasites, phenotypic screening has become an essential tool for the discovery of new bioactive compounds. In this article we discuss the perspectives of phenotypic HTS for trypanosomatid drug discovery with emphasis on the role of image-based, high-content methods. We also propose an ideal cascade of assays for the identification of new drug candidates for clinical development using leishmaniasis as an example.
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Bezerra JN, Gomez MCV, Rolón M, Coronel C, Almeida-Bezerra JW, Fidelis KR, Menezes SAD, Cruz RPD, Duarte AE, Ribeiro PRV, Brito ESD, Coutinho HDM, Morais-Braga MFB, Bezerra CF. Chemical composition, Evaluation of Antiparasitary and Cytotoxic Activity of the essential oil of Psidium brownianum MART EX. DC. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Marek M, Ramos-Morales E, Picchi-Constante GFA, Bayer T, Norström C, Herp D, Sales-Junior PA, Guerra-Slompo EP, Hausmann K, Chakrabarti A, Shaik TB, Merz A, Troesch E, Schmidtkunz K, Goldenberg S, Pierce RJ, Mourão MM, Jung M, Schultz J, Sippl W, Zanchin NIT, Romier C. Species-selective targeting of pathogens revealed by the atypical structure and active site of Trypanosoma cruzi histone deacetylase DAC2. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110129. [PMID: 34936867 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Writing and erasing of posttranslational modifications are crucial to phenotypic plasticity and antigenic variation of eukaryotic pathogens. Targeting pathogens' modification machineries, thus, represents a valid approach to fighting parasitic diseases. However, identification of parasitic targets and the development of selective anti-parasitic drugs still represent major bottlenecks. Here, we show that the zinc-dependent histone deacetylases (HDACs) of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi are key regulators that have significantly diverged from their human counterparts. Depletion of T. cruzi class I HDACs tcDAC1 and tcDAC2 compromises cell-cycle progression and division, leading to cell death. Notably, tcDAC2 displays a deacetylase activity essential to the parasite and shows major structural differences with human HDACs. Specifically, tcDAC2 harbors a modular active site with a unique subpocket targeted by inhibitors showing substantial anti-parasitic effects in cellulo and in vivo. Thus, the targeting of the many atypical HDACs in pathogens can enable anti-parasitic selective chemical impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Marek
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7104, U 1258, 67404 Illkirch, France; IGBMC, Department of Integrated Structural Biology, 1 rue Laurent Fries, B.P. 10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Elizabeth Ramos-Morales
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7104, U 1258, 67404 Illkirch, France; IGBMC, Department of Integrated Structural Biology, 1 rue Laurent Fries, B.P. 10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | | | - Theresa Bayer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Straße 4, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Herp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Policarpo A Sales-Junior
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Kristin Hausmann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Straße 4, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Alokta Chakrabarti
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tajith B Shaik
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7104, U 1258, 67404 Illkirch, France; IGBMC, Department of Integrated Structural Biology, 1 rue Laurent Fries, B.P. 10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Annika Merz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Edouard Troesch
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7104, U 1258, 67404 Illkirch, France; IGBMC, Department of Integrated Structural Biology, 1 rue Laurent Fries, B.P. 10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Karin Schmidtkunz
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Goldenberg
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 81350-010, Brazil
| | - Raymond J Pierce
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL -Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Marina M Mourão
- Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johan Schultz
- Kancera AB, Nanna Svartz Väg 4, SE-17165 Solna, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Straße 4, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Nilson I T Zanchin
- Instituto Carlos Chagas, Fiocruz Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 81350-010, Brazil.
| | - Christophe Romier
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR 7104, U 1258, 67404 Illkirch, France; IGBMC, Department of Integrated Structural Biology, 1 rue Laurent Fries, B.P. 10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, France.
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Synthesis and Evaluation of Trypanocidal Activity of Chromane-Type Compounds and Acetophenones. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237067. [PMID: 34885649 PMCID: PMC8658963 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease) caused by the Trypanosoma cruzi parasite, is a severe health problem in different regions of Latin America and is currently reported to be spreading to Europe, North America, Japan, and Australia, due to the migration of populations from South and Central America. At present, there is no vaccine available and chemotherapeutic options are reduced to nifurtimox and benznidazole. Therefore, the discovery of new molecules is urgently needed to initiate the drug development process. Some acetophenones and chalcones, as well as chromane-type substances, such as chromones and flavones, are natural products that have been studied as trypanocides, but the relationships between structure and activity are not yet fully understood. In this work, 26 compounds were synthesized to determine the effect of hydroxyl and isoprenyl substituents on trypanocide activity. One of the compounds showed interesting activity against a resistant strain of T. cruzi, with a half effective concentration of 18.3 µM ± 1.1 and an index of selectivity > 10.9.
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50
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Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10091074. [PMID: 34572656 PMCID: PMC8464673 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10091074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Croton heliotropiifolius Kunth (Euphorbiaceae), whose occurrence has already been registered in the most varied Brazilian biomes, is commonly found in the Chapada do Araripe, Ceará. The species is traditionally used to treat fungal, parasitic, and degenerative diseases. This study investigated the chemical composition and pharmacological potential (antioxidant, antifungal, antiparasitic, and cytotoxic) of an aqueous extract obtained from the roots of C. heliotropiifolius. Following a qualitative phytochemical screening, the chemical constituents were identified by ultra-efficiency liquid chromatography coupled witha quadrupole/time-of-flight system (UPLC-QTOF). The antioxidant potential was verified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The direct and combined antifungal activity of the extract against opportunistic Candida strains was investigated using the microdilution method. The minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) was determined by subculture, while the modulation of the morphological transition (fungal virulence) was evaluated by light microscopy. The in vitro antiparasitic activity was analyzed using epimastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi and promastigotes of Leishmania braziliensis and Leishmania infantum, while cytotoxicity was determined in cultures of mouse fibroblasts. The phytochemical analysis identified the presence of acids, terpenes, flavonoids, lignans, and alkaloids. Among these constituents, the presence of polar and non-polar phenolic compounds with known antioxidant action was highlighted. While the extract showed clinically ineffective antifungal effects, it could enhance the effectiveness of fluconazole, in addition to inhibiting the morphological transition associated with increased virulence in Candida strains. Although the extract showed low cytotoxicity against fibroblasts, it also had weak antiparasitic effects. In conclusion, Croton heliotropiifolius is a source of natural products with antifungal and antioxidant potential.
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