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β-Lactamase production in key gram-negative pathogen isolates from the Arabian Peninsula. Clin Microbiol Rev 2014; 26:361-80. [PMID: 23824364 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00096-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Infections due to Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The extent of antibiotic resistance in GNB in countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), namely, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, and Bahrain, has not been previously reviewed. These countries share a high prevalence of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)- and carbapenemase-producing GNB, most of which are associated with nosocomial infections. Well-known and widespread β-lactamases genes (such as those for CTX-M-15, OXA-48, and NDM-1) have found their way into isolates from the GCC states. However, less common and unique enzymes have also been identified. These include PER-7, GES-11, and PME-1. Several potential risk factors unique to the GCC states may have contributed to the emergence and spread of β-lactamases, including the unnecessary use of antibiotics and the large population of migrant workers, particularly from the Indian subcontinent. It is clear that active surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in the GCC states is urgently needed to address regional interventions that can contain the antimicrobial resistance issue.
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Roess AA, Winch PJ, Ali NA, Akhter A, Afroz D, El Arifeen S, Darmstadt GL, Baqui AH. Animal husbandry practices in rural Bangladesh: potential risk factors for antimicrobial drug resistance and emerging diseases. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2013; 89:965-70. [PMID: 24062478 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.12-0713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial drug administration to household livestock may put humans and animals at risk for acquisition of antimicrobial drug-resistant pathogens. To describe animal husbandry practices, including animal healthcare-seeking and antimicrobial drug use in rural Bangladesh, we conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with key informants, including female household members (n = 79), village doctors (n = 10), and pharmaceutical representatives, veterinarians, and government officials (n = 27), and performed observations at animal health clinics (n = 3). Prevalent animal husbandry practices that may put persons at risk for acquisition of pathogens included shared housing and water for animals and humans, antimicrobial drug use for humans and animals, and crowding. Household members reported seeking human and animal healthcare from unlicensed village doctors rather than formal-sector healthcare providers and cited cost and convenience as reasons. Five times more per household was spent on animal than on human healthcare. Strengthening animal and human disease surveillance systems should be continued. Interventions are recommended to provide vulnerable populations with a means of protecting their livelihood and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira A Roess
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; International Center for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Labella A, Gennari M, Ghidini V, Trento I, Manfrin A, Borrego JJ, Lleo MM. High incidence of antibiotic multi-resistant bacteria in coastal areas dedicated to fish farming. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2013; 70:197-203. [PMID: 23518445 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Marine bacteria exposed to antibiotics in fish farms can acquire antimicrobial resistance by mobile genetic elements and horizontal gene transfer. A total of 872 autochthonous marine bacterial strains was isolated from samples collected from four different fish farms located at northern and southern Italian Adriatic Sea. Resistance to only tetracycline (17%) and to trimethoprim-sulfadiazine (7%) were the most frequent patterns obtained, while flumequine resistance has recorded in only 0.3% of the strains. Comparing strains isolated from coastal areas and fish farms, a significant higher incidence (4% versus 10%) of multi-resistant strains in aquaculture centers was found. Significant differences in antibiotic resistance incidence were also detected among the four fish farms due probably to different approaches in farm management and the more or less frequent use of antibiotics. Antibiotic-resistant and multi-resistant strains isolated constitute an environmental reservoir directly involved in the seafood chain and might represent a public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Labella
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidad de Malaga, Spain
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4
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Abstract
Ciprofloxacin (CP) is a fluoroquinolone that is highly active against diverse microorganisms. At concentrations less than 1 µg/ml it is active against a diverse types of bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillius subtilius, Escherichia coli and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In addition, it has shown to be effective against other diseases such as malaria, cancer and AIDS. The extended antimicrobial activity, lack of plasmid-mediated resistance, large volume of distribution and minimal adverse effects of CP are therapeutically advantageous. In the pursuit of increasing their effectiveness against these diseases and prevent unwanted resistance, researchers have begun to synthesize a class of organic, inorganic and organometallic derivatives, which have displayed interesting activities. This review describes the development and recent advances on the evaluation of CP and its derivatives as a new class of drugs with potential for clinical development.
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Ali SQ, Zehra A, Naqvi BS, Shah S, Bushra R. Resistance pattern of ciprofloxacin against different pathogens. Oman Med J 2011; 25:294-8. [PMID: 22043361 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2010.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic widely prescribed in clinical and hospital settings. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance against effective antibiotics is a global issue. The objective of study is the surveillance of ciprofloxacin against common pathogens. METHODS To investigate the present status of antimicrobial resistance against ciprofloxacin, five hundred and twenty four clinical isolates of Escherichia coli (30%), Staphylococcus aureus (33%), Salmonella typhi (9%), Klebsiella pneumonia (14%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14%) were collected during study from January, 2008 to February, 2009 from different pathological laboratories running in and out side hospitals located in Karachi, Pakistan. These pathogens were isolated from specimens of both in and out patients. The in-vitro antimicrobial activity of ciprofloxacin was carried out by Disc Diffusion Method (Kirby-Bauer test). RESULTS Showed that ciprofloxacin is 27.02%, 21.95%, 16.66%, 72.22% and 44.44% resistant to Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively. CONCLUSION It is concluded that these clinical isolates have started developing resistance against ciprofloxacin due to its irrational and inappropriate use. Continuous surveillance is crucial to monitor the antimicrobial resistance among pathogens.
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Lee KE, Jung JH, Jung BY, Park YH, Lee YH. Characterization of nalidixic acid-resistant and fluoroquinolone-reduced susceptible Salmonella Typhimurium in swine. J Food Prot 2011; 74:610-5. [PMID: 21477475 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-10-361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
From 2001 to 2008, a total of 27 isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium were obtained from 930 swine. All 27 isolates were resistant to streptomycin and tetracycline. Seventeen isolates were multidrug resistant to more than three antimicrobial agents. Seven of these multidrug-resistant isolates were pentaresistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, tetracycline, and nalidixic acid. Among 27 isolates, 14 isolates (51.8 %) were nalidixic acid resistant (MIC, ≥128 μg/ml) and had reduced susceptibility to various quinolones (MIC, 0.125 to 2 μg/ml). When quinolone resistance-determining regions in the gyrA and gyrB genes of these isolates were sequenced, 13 isolates had Asp87→Tyr mutations and 1 isolate had Asp87→Gly mutation in the quinolone resistance-determining region of gyrA, whereas no mutation was found in gyrB. Genes for qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS were not detected by PCR with specific primers. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of genomic DNA digested with Xba I showed two patterns suggesting a clonal spread of Salmonella Typhimurium in swine in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Lee
- Culture Collection of Antimicrobial Resistant Microbes, Department of Biology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 139-774, Korea
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7
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Pharmacodynamic modeling of in vitro activity of marbofloxacin against Escherichia coli strains. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 55:756-61. [PMID: 21078933 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00865-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A mathematical pharmacodynamic model was developed to describe the bactericidal activity of marbofloxacin against Escherichia coli strains with reduced susceptibility levels (determined using MICs) under optimal and intestinal growth conditions. Model parameters were estimated using nonlinear least-square curve-fitting procedures for each E. coli strain. Parameters related to bactericidal activity were subsequently analyzed using a maximum-effect (E(max)) model adapted to account for a direct and a delayed effect. While net growth rates did not vary significantly with strain susceptibility, culture medium had a major effect. The bactericidal activity of marbofloxacin was closely associated with the concentration and the duration of exposure of the bacteria to the antimicrobial agent. The value of the concentration inducing a half-maximum effect (C(50)) was highly correlated with MIC values (R(2) = 0.87 and R(2) = 0.94 under intestinal and optimal conditions, respectively). Our model reproduced the time-kill kinetics with good accuracy (R(2) of >0.90) and helped explain observed regrowth.
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Rad M, Kooshan M, Mesgarani H. Quinolone resistance among Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli of animal origin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-010-1078-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Altalhi AD, Gherbawy YA, Hassan SA. Antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from retail raw chicken meat in Taif, Saudi Arabia. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2010; 7:281-5. [PMID: 19911929 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2009.0365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was carried out to screen and analyze the genetic characteristics of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli strains isolated from chicken meat marketed in the local markets of the Taif region in Saudi Arabia. A total of 119 samples were purchased from various supermarkets and examined for bacterial contamination with resistant E. coli. Thirty-seven E. coli isolates were evaluated for their antibiotic susceptibilities and the presence of class 1 integrons and antibiotic resistance genes. Results of antibiograms revealed that E. coli isolates were resistant to one or more of the antibiotics tested. Resistance was most frequently observed against sulphafurazole (89.2%), ampicillin (78.4%), nalidixic acid (70.3%), streptomycin (48.6%), chloramphenicol (32.4%), and gentamicin (24.3%). Fifteen E. coli strains have multidrug resistance phenotypes and harbored at least three antibiotic resistance genes. The bla(TEM) (beta-lactamase) and sul (sulfonamide) resistance encoding genes were detected in all the tested isolates. Polymerase chain reaction screening detected class 1 integrons in all multiresistant E. coli isolates. The present study provides an assessment of the occurrence of multidrug resistance of E. coli from raw chicken meat collected from local markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah D Altalhi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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Thorsteinsdottir TR, Haraldsson G, Fridriksdottir V, Kristinsson KG, Gunnarsson E. Prevalence and genetic relatedness of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from animals, foods and humans in Iceland. Zoonoses Public Health 2009; 57:189-96. [PMID: 19912612 DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2009.01256.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of resistant bacteria in food products in Iceland is unknown, and little is known of the prevalence in production animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and genetic relatedness of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli from healthy pigs and broiler chicken, pork, broiler meat, slaughterhouse personnel and outpatients in Iceland. A total of 419 E. coli isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a microbroth dilution method (VetMIC), and resistant strains were compared using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). All samples were screened for enrofloxacin-resistant strains with selective agar plates. The resistance rates among E. coli isolates were moderate to high from caecal and meat samples of pigs (54.1% and 28%), broilers (33.6% and 52%) and slaughterhouse personnel (39.1%), whereas isolates from outpatients showed moderate resistance rates (23.1%). Of notice was resistance to quinolones (minimum inhibitory concentrations: nalidixic acid > or = 32, ciprofloxacin > or = 0.12 and enrofloxacin > or = 0.5), particularly among broiler and broiler meat isolates (18.2% and 36%), as there is no known antimicrobial selection pressure in the broiler production in Iceland. The majority (78.6%) of the resistant E. coli isolates was genotypically different, based on PFGE fingerprint analyses and clustering was limited. However, the same resistance pattern and pulsotype were found among isolates from broiler meat and a slaughterhouse worker, indicating spread of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli from animals to humans. Diverse resistance patterns and pulsotypes suggest the presence of a large population of resistant E. coli in production animals in Iceland. This study gives baseline information on the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli from production animals, and their food products in Iceland and the moderate to high resistance rates emphasize the need for continuing surveillance. Further studies on the origin of the resistant strains and the genetic relatedness of strains of different origin are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Thorsteinsdottir
- Institute for Experimental Pathology, University of Iceland, Keldur, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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Hannah EL, Johnson JR, Angulo F, Haddadin B, Williamson J, Samore MH. Molecular analysis of antimicrobial-susceptible and -resistant Escherichia coli from retail meats and human stool and clinical specimens in a rural community setting. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2009; 6:285-95. [PMID: 19272007 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2008.0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foodborne antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli may colonize and cause infections in humans, but definitive proof is elusive and supportive evidence is limited. METHODS Approximately contemporaneous antimicrobial-resistant (n = 181) and antimicrobial-susceptible (n = 159) E. coli isolates from retail meats and from human stool and clinical specimens from a single rural U.S. community were compared for polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-defined phylogenetic group (A, B1, B2, or D) and virulence genotype. Meat and human isolates from the same phylogenetic group with similar virulence profiles underwent sequential two-locus sequence analysis, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis. RESULTS According to phylogenetic distribution, resistant stool isolates were more similar to resistant meat isolates than to susceptible stool isolates. Overall, 19% of meat isolates satisfied molecular criteria for extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). Nine sequence groups included meat and human isolates, and 17 of these 64 isolates demonstrated >80% RAPD profile similarity to an isolate from the alternate source group (meat vs. human). However, PFGE profiles of the 17 isolates were unique, excepting two stool isolates from the same household. CONCLUSION Nearly 20% of meat-source resistant E. coli represented ExPEC. The observed molecular similarity of certain meat and human-source E. coli isolates, including antimicrobial-resistant and potentially pathogenic strains, supports possible foodborne transmission.
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In vitro susceptibilities to fluoroquinolones in current and archived Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae isolates from meat-type turkeys. Vet Microbiol 2008; 131:266-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2008] [Revised: 02/26/2008] [Accepted: 04/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Haritova AM, Rusenova NV, Parvanov PR, Lashev LD, Fink-Gremmels J. Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modelling of Danofloxacin in Turkeys. Vet Res Commun 2006; 30:775-89. [PMID: 17004040 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-006-3400-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Colibacillosis is a systemic disease responsible for important economic losses in poultry breeding; fluoroquinolones, including danofloxacin, are used to treat diseased animals. The purpose of the present study was to estimate pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) surrogates for bacteriostasis, bactericidal activity and bacterial elimination against Escherichia coli O78/K80, using a PK-PD approach, for danofloxacin in turkeys after oral administration. Eight healthy turkeys, breed BUT 9, were included in a two-way crossover study. The drug was administered intravenously (i.v.) and orally at a dose rate of 6 mg/kg bw. The values of the elimination half-life and the total body clearance after i.v. administration were 8.64 +/- 2.35 h and 586.76 +/- 136.67 ml kg(-1)h(-1), respectively. After oral administration, the values of the absolute bioavailability and the elimination half-life were 78.37+/- 17.35% and 9.74+/- 2.93 h, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration against the investigated strain in turkey serum was 0.25 microg/ml, four times higher than in broth. The lowest effective ex vivo AUC(24)/MIC ratios required for bacteriostasis, bactericidal activity, and total killing of E. coli O78/K80 were 0.416 h, 1.9 h and 6.73 h, respectively. The oral dose of 6 mg/kg used in the present study could be interpreted as being sufficient to eliminate E. coli with an MIC 0.25 microg/ml. However, considering the demand that antimicrobial resistance should be avoided by complete bacterial elimination, PK-PD considerations suggest that an even higher dose of 32 mg/kg per day or 0.7 mg/kcal per day should be evaluated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Haritova
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Chemistry, Trakia University, Bulgaria
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15
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Hannah EL, Angulo FJ, Johnson JR, Haddadin B, Williamson J, Samore MH. Drug-resistant Escherichia coli, Rural Idaho. Emerg Infect Dis 2006; 11:1614-7. [PMID: 16318708 PMCID: PMC3366741 DOI: 10.3201/eid1110.050140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Stool carriage of drug-resistant Escherichia coli in home-living residents of a rural community was examined. Carriage of nalidixic acid–resistant E. coli was associated with recent use of antimicrobial agents in the household. Household clustering of drug-resistant E. coli was observed. Most carriers of drug-resistant E. coli lacked conventional risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Hannah
- University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132-2901, USA.
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Zhao S, Maurer JJ, Hubert S, De Villena JF, McDermott PF, Meng J, Ayers S, English L, White DG. Antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular characterization of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates. Vet Microbiol 2005; 107:215-24. [PMID: 15863280 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2005.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2004] [Revised: 12/22/2004] [Accepted: 01/28/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Ninety-five avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolates recovered from diagnosed cases of avian colibacillosis from North Georgia between 1996 and 2000 were serotyped and examined for typical virulence-factors, susceptibility to antimicrobials of human and veterinary significance, and genetic relatedness. Twenty different serotypes were identified, with O78 being the most common (12%). The majority of the avian E. coli isolates (60%), however, were non-typeable with standard O antisera. Eighty-four percent of isolates were PCR positive for the temperature-sensitive hemagglutinin (tsh) gene and 86% positive for the increased serum survival (iss) gene. Multiple antimicrobial-resistant phenotypes (> or =3 antimicrobials) were observed in 92% of E. coli isolates, with the majority of isolates displaying resistance to sulfamethoxazole (93%), tetracycline (87%), streptomycin (86%), gentamicin (69%), and nalidixic acid (59%). Fifty-six E. coli isolates displaying resistance to nalidixic acid were co-resistant to difloxacin (57%), enrofloxacin (16%), gatifloxacin (2%), and levofloxacin (2%). DNA sequencing revealed point mutations in gyrA (Ser83-Leu, Asp87-Tyr, Asp87-Gly, Asp87-Ala), gyrB (Glu466-Asp, Asp426-Thr), and parC (Ser80-Ile, Ser80-Arg). No mutations were observed in parE. Twelve of the quinolone-resistant E. coli isolates were tolerant to cyclohexane, a marker for upregulation of the acrAB multi-drug resistance efflux pump. Quinolone-resistant isolates were further genetically characterized via ribotyping. Twenty-two distinct ribogroups were identified, with 61% of isolates clustering into four major ribogroups, indicating that quinolone resistance has emerged among multiple avian pathogenic E. coli serogroups and chromosomal backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Zhao
- Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 8401 Muirkirk Road, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
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Williams A, Parshikov I, Moody J, Heinze T, Sutherland J. Fungal Transformation of an Antimicrobial Fluoroquinolone Drug During Growth on Poultry Litter Materials. J APPL POULTRY RES 2004. [DOI: 10.1093/japr/13.2.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Mateu EM, Martin M, Darwich L, Mejía W, Frías N, García Peña FJ. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella strains isolated from swine in Catalonia, Spain. Vet Rec 2002; 150:147-50. [PMID: 11873760 DOI: 10.1136/vr.150.5.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E M Mateu
- Departament de Sanitat i d'Anatomia Animals, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Orden JA, Ruiz-Santa-Quiteria JA, García S, Cid D, de la Fuente R. Quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrhoeic lambs in Spain. Vet Rec 2000; 147:576-8. [PMID: 11104043 DOI: 10.1136/vr.147.20.576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J A Orden
- Departamento de Patología Animal I, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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White DG, Piddock LJ, Maurer JJ, Zhao S, Ricci V, Thayer SG. Characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance among veterinary isolates of avian Escherichia coli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44:2897-9. [PMID: 10991884 PMCID: PMC90175 DOI: 10.1128/aac.44.10.2897-2899.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoroquinolone-resistant avian Escherichia coli isolates from northern Georgia were investigated for gyrA and parC mutations. All isolates contained a mutation in GyrA replacing Ser83 with Leu; seven isolates also contained mutations replacing Asp87 with either Gly or Tyr. Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis revealed that quinolone-resistant E. coli isolates were genetically diverse.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G White
- Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA.
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Bass L, Liebert CA, Lee MD, Summers AO, White DG, Thayer SG, Maurer JJ. Incidence and characterization of integrons, genetic elements mediating multiple-drug resistance, in avian Escherichia coli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43:2925-9. [PMID: 10582884 PMCID: PMC89589 DOI: 10.1128/aac.43.12.2925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance among avian bacterial isolates is common and is of great concern to the poultry industry. Approximately 36% (n = 100) of avian, pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates obtained from diseased poultry exhibited multiple-antibiotic resistance to tetracycline, oxytetracycline, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and gentamicin. Clinical avian E. coli isolates were further screened for the presence of markers for class 1 integrons, the integron recombinase intI1 and the quaternary ammonium resistance gene qacEDelta1, in order to determine the contribution of integrons to the observed multiple-antibiotic resistance phenotypes. Sixty-three percent of the clinical isolates were positive for the class 1 integron markers intI1 and qacEDelta1. PCR analysis with the conserved class 1 integron primers yielded amplicons of approximately 1 kb from E. coli isolates positive for intI1 and qacEDelta1. These PCR amplicons contained the spectinomycin-streptomycin resistance gene aadA1. Further characterization of the identified integrons revealed that many were part of the transposon Tn21, a genetic element that encodes both antibiotic resistance and heavy-metal resistance to mercuric compounds. Fifty percent of the clinical isolates positive for the integron marker gene intI1 as well as for the qacEDelta1 and aadA1 cassettes also contained the mercury reductase gene merA. The correlation between the presence of the merA gene with that of the integrase and antibiotic resistance genes suggests that these integrons are located in Tn21. The presence of these elements among avian E. coli isolates of diverse genetic makeup as well as in Salmonella suggests the mobility of Tn21 among pathogens in humans as well as poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bass
- Departments of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
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Davies RH, Teale CJ, Wray C, McLaren IM, Jones YE, Chappell S, Kidd S. Nalidixic acid resistance in salmonellae isolated from turkeys and other livestock in Great Britain. Vet Rec 1999; 144:320-2. [PMID: 10212506 DOI: 10.1136/vr.144.12.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R H Davies
- Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Central Veterinary Laboratory, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey
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