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Wang H, Liao Z, Yang Z, Xiao W, Yang Z, He J, Zhang X, Yan X, Tang C. Histone derived antimicrobial peptides identified from Mytilus coruscus serum by peptidomics. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 149:109546. [PMID: 38614412 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Histones and their N-terminal or C-terminal derived peptides have been studied in vertebrates and presented as potential antimicrobial agents playing important roles in the innate immune defenses. Although histones and their derived peptides had been reported as components of innate immunity in invertebrates, the knowledge about the histone derived antimicrobial peptides (HDAPs) in invertebrates are still limited. Using a peptidomic technique, a set of peptide fragments derived from the histones was identified in this study from the serum of microbes challenged Mytilus coruscus. Among the 85 identified histone-derived-peptides with high confidence, 5 HDAPs were chemically synthesized and the antimicrobial activities were verified, showing strong growth inhibition against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and fungus. The gene expression level of the precursor histones matched by representative HDAPs were further tested using q-PCR, and the results showed a significant upregulation of the histone gene expression levels in hemocytes, gill, and mantle of the mussel after immune stress. In addition, three identified HDAPs were selected for preparation of specific antibodies, and the corresponding histones and their derived C-terminal fragments were detected by Western blotting in the blood cell and serum of immune challenged mussel, respectively, indicating the existence of HDAPs in M. coruscus. Our findings revealed the immune function of histones in Mytilus, and confirmed the existence of HDAPs in the mussel. The identified Mytilus HDAPs represent a new source of immune effector with antimicrobial function in the innate immune system, and thus provide promising candidates for the treatment of microbial infections in aquaculture and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodong Wang
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan City, 316022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi Liao
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan City, 316022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zongxin Yang
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan City, 316022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenhui Xiao
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan City, 316022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zilin Yang
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan City, 316022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianyu He
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan City, 316022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan City, 316022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan City, 316022, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changsheng Tang
- Laboratory of Marine Biology Protein Engineering, Marine Science and Technical College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan City, 316022, Zhejiang, China.
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Habjan E, Schouten GK, Speer A, van Ulsen P, Bitter W. Diving into drug-screening: zebrafish embryos as an in vivo platform for antimicrobial drug discovery and assessment. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2024; 48:fuae011. [PMID: 38684467 PMCID: PMC11078164 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria underlines the need for innovative treatments, yet the introduction of new drugs has stagnated despite numerous antimicrobial discoveries. A major hurdle is a poor correlation between promising in vitro data and in vivo efficacy in animal models, which is essential for clinical development. Early in vivo testing is hindered by the expense and complexity of existing animal models. Therefore, there is a pressing need for cost-effective, rapid preclinical models with high translational value. To overcome these challenges, zebrafish embryos have emerged as an attractive model for infectious disease studies, offering advantages such as ethical alignment, rapid development, ease of maintenance, and genetic manipulability. The zebrafish embryo infection model, involving microinjection or immersion of pathogens and potential antibiotic hit compounds, provides a promising solution for early-stage drug screening. It offers a cost-effective and rapid means of assessing the efficacy, toxicity and mechanism of action of compounds in a whole-organism context. This review discusses the experimental design of this model, but also its benefits and challenges. Additionally, it highlights recently identified compounds in the zebrafish embryo infection model and discusses the relevance of the model in predicting the compound's clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Habjan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU Medical Center,De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gina K Schouten
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU Medical Center,De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Speer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU Medical Center,De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van Ulsen
- Section Molecular Microbiology of A-LIFE, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wilbert Bitter
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Amsterdam UMC, Location VU Medical Center,De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Section Molecular Microbiology of A-LIFE, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Akhavan-Bahabadi M, Paknejad H, Hedayati A, Habibi-Rezaei M. Fractionation of the Caspian sand goby epidermal exudates using membrane ultrafiltration and reversed-phase chromatography: an investigation on bioactivities. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1716. [PMID: 38242928 PMCID: PMC10799039 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52126-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioactive peptide-based drugs have gained exceeding attention as promising treatments for infectious and oxidative-stress-related diseases, are exacerbated by the advent and spread of various multidrug-resistant bacteria and industrial lifestyles. Fish skin mucus has been recognized as a potential source of bioactive peptides, providing the first line of fish defense against invading pathogens which are targeted here to be explored as a new source of biopharmaceutics. Peptide fractions were isolated from the epidermal exudates of Caspian sand goby, Neogobius fluviatilis pallasi, by solid-phase extraction (SPE), ultrafiltration, and reversed-phase chromatography. The resulting fractions were characterized for their antibacterial and antioxidant properties, and results showed that the molecular weight fraction < 5 kDa represented the highest (p < 0.05) bacterial inhibition activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis as well as scavenging activity against DPPH and ABTS radicals. Overall, these results introduce the epidermal mucus of Caspian sand goby as a valuable source of bioactive compounds that can be considered new and efficient biopharmaceutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Akhavan-Bahabadi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgān, Iran.
- Protein Biotechnology Research Lab (PBRL), School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
- National Research Center of Saline Water Aquatics, Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bafq, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Hamed Paknejad
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgān, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Hedayati
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgān, Iran
| | - Mehran Habibi-Rezaei
- Protein Biotechnology Research Lab (PBRL), School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Mhlongo JT, Waddad AY, Albericio F, de la Torre BG. Antimicrobial Peptide Synergies for Fighting Infectious Diseases. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300472. [PMID: 37407512 PMCID: PMC10502873 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are essential elements of thehost defense system. Characterized by heterogenous structures and broad-spectrumaction, they are promising candidates for combating multidrug resistance. Thecombined use of AMPs with other antimicrobial agents provides a new arsenal ofdrugs with synergistic action, thereby overcoming the drawback of monotherapiesduring infections. AMPs kill microbes via pore formation, thus inhibitingintracellular functions. This mechanism of action by AMPs is an advantage overantibiotics as it hinders the development of drug resistance. The synergisticeffect of AMPs will allow the repurposing of conventional antimicrobials andenhance their clinical outcomes, reduce toxicity, and, most significantly,prevent the development of resistance. In this review, various synergies ofAMPs with antimicrobials and miscellaneous agents are discussed. The effect ofstructural diversity and chemical modification on AMP properties is firstaddressed and then different combinations that can lead to synergistic action,whether this combination is between AMPs and antimicrobials, or AMPs andmiscellaneous compounds, are attended. This review can serve as guidance whenredesigning and repurposing the use of AMPs in combination with other antimicrobialagents for enhanced clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica T. Mhlongo
- KwaZulu‐Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP)School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurban4041South Africa
- Peptide Science LaboratorySchool of Chemistry and PhysicsUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalWestvilleDurban4000South Africa
| | - Ayman Y. Waddad
- Peptide Science LaboratorySchool of Chemistry and PhysicsUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalWestvilleDurban4000South Africa
| | - Fernando Albericio
- Peptide Science LaboratorySchool of Chemistry and PhysicsUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalWestvilleDurban4000South Africa
- CIBER‐BBNNetworking Centre on BioengineeringBiomaterials and Nanomedicineand Department of Organic ChemistryUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelona08028Spain
| | - Beatriz G. de la Torre
- KwaZulu‐Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP)School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical SciencesCollege of Health SciencesUniversity of KwaZulu‐NatalDurban4041South Africa
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5
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Mazzi Esquinca ME, Correa CN, Marques de Barros G, Montenegro H, Mantovani de Castro L. Multiomic Approach for Bioprospection: Investigation of Toxins and Peptides of Brazilian Sea Anemone Bunodosoma caissarum. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21030197. [PMID: 36976246 PMCID: PMC10058367 DOI: 10.3390/md21030197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sea anemones are sessile invertebrates of the phylum Cnidaria and their survival and evolutive success are highly related to the ability to produce and quickly inoculate venom, with the presence of potent toxins. In this study, a multi-omics approach was applied to characterize the protein composition of the tentacles and mucus of Bunodosoma caissarum, a species of sea anemone from the Brazilian coast. The tentacles transcriptome resulted in 23,444 annotated genes, of which 1% showed similarity with toxins or proteins related to toxin activity. In the proteome analysis, 430 polypeptides were consistently identified: 316 of them were more abundant in the tentacles while 114 were enriched in the mucus. Tentacle proteins were mostly enzymes, followed by DNA- and RNA-associated proteins, while in the mucus most proteins were toxins. In addition, peptidomics allowed the identification of large and small fragments of mature toxins, neuropeptides, and intracellular peptides. In conclusion, integrated omics identified previously unknown or uncharacterized genes in addition to 23 toxin-like proteins of therapeutic potential, improving the understanding of tentacle and mucus composition of sea anemones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eduarda Mazzi Esquinca
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Bioscience Institute, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Vicente 11330-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudia Neves Correa
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Bioscience Institute, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Vicente 11330-900, SP, Brazil
- Biodiversity of Coastal Environments Postgraduate Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Bioscience Institute, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Vicente 11330-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Marques de Barros
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Bioscience Institute, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Vicente 11330-900, SP, Brazil
- Biodiversity of Coastal Environments Postgraduate Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Bioscience Institute, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Vicente 11330-900, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Leandro Mantovani de Castro
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Bioscience Institute, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Vicente 11330-900, SP, Brazil
- Biodiversity of Coastal Environments Postgraduate Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Bioscience Institute, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Sao Vicente 11330-900, SP, Brazil
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6
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Abolfathi M, Akbarzadeh A, Hajimoradloo A, Joshaghani HR, Ross NW. Seasonal variations in the skin epidermal structure and mucosal immune parameters of rainbow trout skin (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at different stages of farming. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:965-974. [PMID: 35843528 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the seasonal changes in the epidermal structure and the innate immunity parameters of skin mucus in rainbow trout. The skin epidermis and mucus samples were collected over three consecutive seasons including winter, spring and late summer from three different weight groups i.e., 2-20 g (W1), 100-200 g (W2) and 400-600 g (W3) fish. The skin mucosal immunity analysis of rainbow trout showed that the haemagglutination activity increased significantly with increasing fish size from W1 to W3 in all three seasons, while no significant seasonal changes occurred in haemagglutination activity. Moreover, the bactericidal activity against fish pathogens increased significantly with increasing water bacterial load in late summer. The SDS-PAGE analysis of mucus showed a high amount of low molecular weight proteins (<35 kDa) in the late summer that was correlated with the increase in bactericidal activity. Histological analysis of the epidermis structure of rainbow trout skin showed that the density and size of goblet cells and consequently the mucus secretion significantly increased in W3 group in all seasons. In all three weight groups of fish, the density of goblet cells significantly increased from winter to spring and late summer along with increasing water temperature. Moreover, the goblet cell density showed a significant positive relationship with the soluble protein concentration and haemagglutination activity (p < 0.01). The results of this study demonstrated the more active immune role of the skin epidermal cells and mucus in rainbow trout during summer to protect fish against the pathogenic microorganisms. Given its potent bactericidal properties and the lack of haemolytic activity, the rainbow trout mucus might be used as a safe and inexpensive source for developing antimicrobial agents to prevent and treat some bacterial diseases in human and fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Abolfathi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Arash Akbarzadeh
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Abdolmajid Hajimoradloo
- Department of Fisheries, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Joshaghani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Golestan University of Medical Sciences School of Paramedicine, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Neil W Ross
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
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7
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Stapling of Peptides Potentiates: The Antibiotic Treatment of Acinetobacter baumannii In Vivo. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020273. [PMID: 35203875 PMCID: PMC8868297 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The rising incidence of multidrug resistance in Gram-negative bacteria underlines the urgency for novel treatment options. One promising new approach is the synergistic combination of antibiotics with antimicrobial peptides. However, the use of such peptides is not straightforward; they are often sensitive to proteolytic degradation, which greatly limits their clinical potential. One approach to increase stability is to apply a hydrocarbon staple to the antimicrobial peptide, thereby fixing them in an α-helical conformation, which renders them less exposed to proteolytic activity. In this work we applied several different hydrocarbon staples to two previously described peptides shown to act on the outer membrane, L6 and L8, and tested their activity in a zebrafish embryo infection model using a clinical isolate of Acinetobacter baumannii as a pathogen. We show that the introduction of such a hydrocarbon staple to the peptide L8 improves its in vivo potentiating activity on antibiotic treatment, without increasing its in vivo antimicrobial activity, toxicity or hemolytic activity.
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8
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Duong L, Gross SP, Siryaporn A. Developing Antimicrobial Synergy With AMPs. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 3:640981. [PMID: 35047912 PMCID: PMC8757689 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2021.640981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been extensively studied due to their vast natural abundance and ability to kill microbes. In an era critically lacking in new antibiotics, manipulating AMPs for therapeutic application is a promising option. However, bacterial pathogens resistant to AMPs remain problematic. To improve AMPs antimicrobial efficacy, their use in conjunction with other antimicrobials has been proposed. How might this work? AMPs kill bacteria by forming pores in bacterial membranes or by inhibiting bacterial macromolecular functions. What remains unknown is the duration for which AMPs keep bacterial pores open, and the extent to which bacteria can recover by repairing these pores. In this mini-review, we discuss various antimicrobial synergies with AMPs. Such synergies might arise if the antimicrobial agents helped to keep bacterial pores open for longer periods of time, prevented pore repair, perturbed bacterial intracellular functions at greater levels, or performed other independent bacterial killing mechanisms. We first discuss combinations of AMPs, and then focus on histones, which have antimicrobial activity and co-localize with AMPs on lipid droplets and in neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Recent work has demonstrated that histones can enhance AMP-induced membrane permeation. It is possible that histones, histone fragments, and histone-like peptides could amplify the antimicrobial effects of AMPs, giving rise to antimicrobial synergy. If so, clarifying these mechanisms will thus improve our overall understanding of the antimicrobial processes and potentially contribute to improved drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leora Duong
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Steven P Gross
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Albert Siryaporn
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States.,Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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Ferraboschi P, Ciceri S, Grisenti P. Applications of Lysozyme, an Innate Immune Defense Factor, as an Alternative Antibiotic. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1534. [PMID: 34943746 PMCID: PMC8698798 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysozyme is a ~14 kDa protein present in many mucosal secretions (tears, saliva, and mucus) and tissues of animals and plants, and plays an important role in the innate immunity, providing protection against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Three main different types of lysozymes are known: the c-type (chicken or conventional type), the g-type (goose type), and the i-type (invertebrate type). It has long been the subject of several applications due to its antimicrobial properties. The problem of antibiotic resistance has stimulated the search for new molecules or new applications of known compounds. The use of lysozyme as an alternative antibiotic is the subject of this review, which covers the results published over the past two decades. This review is focused on the applications of lysozyme in medicine, (the treatment of infectious diseases, wound healing, and anti-biofilm), veterinary, feed, food preservation, and crop protection. It is available from a wide range of sources, in addition to the well-known chicken egg white, and its synergism with other compounds, endowed with antimicrobial activity, are also summarized. An overview of the modified lysozyme applications is provided in the form of tables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Ferraboschi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via C. Saldini 50, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Samuele Ciceri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy;
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10
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Identification of Antimicrobial Peptide Genes in Black Rockfish Sebastes schlegelii and Their Responsive Mechanisms to Edwardsiella tarda Infection. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10101015. [PMID: 34681113 PMCID: PMC8533284 DOI: 10.3390/biology10101015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The black rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii, is a typical viviparous teleost, which belongs to the family Scorpaenidae. Due to its high economic and ecological values, S. schlegelii has been widely cultured in East Asian countries. With the enlargement of cultivation scale, bacterial and viral diseases have become the main threats to the farming industry of S. schlegelii, which have resulted in significant economic losses. In this study, Illumina shotgun sequencing, single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing, 10× genomics and high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) technologies were collectively applied to assemble the genome of S. schlegelii. Then, we identified the antimicrobial peptide genes (AMPs) in the S. schlegelii genome. In total, 214 AMPs were identified in the S. schlegelii genome, which can be divided into 33 classes according to the annotation and cataloging of the Antimicrobial Peptides Database (APD3). Among these AMPs, thrombin-derived C-terminal peptide (TCP) was the dominant type, followed by RegIIIgamma and chemokine. The amino acid sequences of the TCP, cgUbiquitin, RegIIIalpha, RegIIIgamma, chemokine shared 32.55%, 42.63%, 29.87%, 28.09%, and 32.15% similarities among the same type in S. schlegelii. Meanwhile, the expression patterns of these AMPs in nine healthy tissues and at different infection time points in intestine were investigated. The results showed that the numbers and types of AMPs that responded to Edwardsiella tarda infection gradually increased as the infection progressed. In addition, we analyzed the phylogenetic relationships of hepcidins in teleost. The identification of AMPs based on the whole genome could provide a comprehensive database of potential AMPs, and benefit for the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of immune responses to E. tarda infection in S. schlegelii. This would further offer insights into an accurate and effective design and development of AMP for aquaculture therapy in the future.
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11
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Fasina YO, Obanla T, Dosu G, Muzquiz S. Significance of Endogenous Antimicrobial Peptides on the Health of Food Animals. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:585266. [PMID: 34262957 PMCID: PMC8273337 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.585266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquired resistance to in-feed antibiotic growth promoters continues to be an imperative problem in the livestock industries, thereby necessitating continuous pursuit for alternatives. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent a critical part of the host's innate immune system and have been documented to have immunomodulatory activity. Increasing research evidence suggests that in contrast to antibiotics, AMPs exert broad-spectrum antibacterial activity in a manner that reduces bacterial acquisition of resistance genes. This review summarizes current knowledge on the protective effects of endogenous (natural) AMPs in the gastrointestinal tract of food animals. Factors limiting the efficacy of these AMPs were also discussed and mitigating strategies were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewande O Fasina
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Temitayo Obanla
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - George Dosu
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, United States
| | - Sierra Muzquiz
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC, United States
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12
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Mahrous KF, Aboelenin MM, Abd El-Kader HAM, Mabrouk DM, Gaafar AY, Younes AM, Mahmoud MA, Khalil WKB, Hassanane MS. Piscidin 4: Genetic expression and comparative immunolocalization in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) following challenge using different local bacterial strains. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 112:103777. [PMID: 32634526 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of tilapia piscidin 4 (TP4) was determined in vitro against four bacterial strains, Aeromonas hydrophilla, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Streptococcus iniae and Vibrio anguillarum. Nile tilapia were infected with low and high doses of the tested pathogens; after 3, 6, 24 h and 7 days of the specific TP4 gene expression, tissue immunolocalization was also performed. Histopathological examination revealed septicaemia and necrosis of hemopoietic tissue for all of the tested bacteria. Immunolocalization showed abundance in S. iniae-infected fish tissues. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that high doses raised mRNA expression levels compared to low doses and expression levels increased in the infected fish, particularly after 24 h, indicating that TP4 exerts potent bactericidal activity against some fish pathogens and plays an essential role in fish immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima F Mahrous
- Cell Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division Research, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mohamad M Aboelenin
- Cell Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division Research, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Heba A M Abd El-Kader
- Cell Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division Research, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Dalia M Mabrouk
- Cell Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division Research, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Alkhateib Y Gaafar
- Hydrobiology Department, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Abdelgayed M Younes
- Hydrobiology Department, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud A Mahmoud
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Wagdy K B Khalil
- Cell Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division Research, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed S Hassanane
- Cell Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division Research, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
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13
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Parida S, Mohapatra A, Das S, Kumar Sahoo P. Cloning and characterization of linker histone H1 gene in rohu, Labeo rohita. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 33:745-756. [DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1832506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Parida
- Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Amruta Mohapatra
- Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sweta Das
- Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Pramoda Kumar Sahoo
- Fish Health Management Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, Bhubaneswar, India
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14
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Mahrous KF, Mabrouk DM, Aboelenin MM, Abd El-Kader HAM, Gaafar AY, Younes AM, Mahmoud MA, Khalil WKB, Hassanane MS. Molecular characterization and immunohistochemical localization of tilapia piscidin 3 in response to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Nile tilapia. J Pept Sci 2020; 26:e3280. [PMID: 32812302 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The antimicrobial activity of tilapia piscidin 3 (TP3) was determined in vitro against a locally isolated Aeromonas hydrophila. A 388 bp fragment was amplified from the TP3 cDNA and sequenced. The coding sequence (CDS) of TP3 was estimated to be 231 bp codes for 76 amino acids long and stop codon. In silico analysis was performed to detect both the signal peptide and the prodomain cleavage sites to follow the amino acids number 22 and 70, respectively. Based on this, a peptide 23 amino acids long with a remarkably high computed antimicrobial probability was synthesized and used in the subsequent experiments. The antimicrobial activity of TP3 was determined with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minim um bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods. TP3 exhibited relatively weak antimicrobial activities against the tested bacteria. A challenge experiment was then performed in Nile tilapia with low and high doses of A. hydrophila, followed by timely recognition; after 3, 6, 24 h, and 7 days of the specific TP3 gene expression, immunohistochemical localization was also performed. Histopathological examination revealed provoked inflammatory responses and congestion in the same organs of TP3 expression. Immunohistochemical localization showed that A. hydrophila induced tilapia fish to express TP3 after 24 h within the gills, intestine, hepatopancreas, spleen, and posterior kidney. In quantitative real time (RT)-polymerase chain reaction analysis, the high dose showed higher mRNA expression levels than the low dose, and its expression levels increased in the A. hydrophila-infected fish. It was therefore concluded that TP3 plays an essential role in fish immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima F Mahrous
- Cell Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division Research, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Dalia M Mabrouk
- Cell Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division Research, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamad M Aboelenin
- Cell Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division Research, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Heba A M Abd El-Kader
- Cell Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division Research, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Alkhateib Y Gaafar
- Hydrobiology Department, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Abdelgayed M Younes
- Hydrobiology Department, Veterinary Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Mahmoud
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Wagdy K B Khalil
- Cell Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division Research, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Hassanane
- Cell Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division Research, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
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15
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Li J, Fernández-Millán P, Boix E. Synergism between Host Defence Peptides and Antibiotics Against Bacterial Infections. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:1238-1263. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200303122626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background:Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to conventional antibiotics is becoming one of the main global health threats and novel alternative strategies are urging. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), once forgotten, are coming back into the scene as promising tools to overcome bacterial resistance. Recent findings have attracted attention to the potentiality of AMPs to work as antibiotic adjuvants.Methods:In this review, we have tried to collect the currently available information on the mechanism of action of AMPs in synergy with other antimicrobial agents. In particular, we have focused on the mechanisms of action that mediate the inhibition of the emergence of bacterial resistance by AMPs.Results and Conclusion:We find in the literature many examples where AMPs can significantly reduce the antibiotic effective concentration. Mainly, the peptides work at the bacterial cell wall and thereby facilitate the drug access to its intracellular target. Complementarily, AMPs can also contribute to permeate the exopolysaccharide layer of biofilm communities, or even prevent bacterial adhesion and biofilm growth. Secondly, we find other peptides that can directly block the emergence of bacterial resistance mechanisms or interfere with the community quorum-sensing systems. Interestingly, the effective peptide concentrations for adjuvant activity and inhibition of bacterial resistance are much lower than the required for direct antimicrobial action. Finally, many AMPs expressed by innate immune cells are endowed with immunomodulatory properties and can participate in the host response against infection. Recent studies in animal models confirm that AMPs work as adjuvants at non-toxic concentrations and can be safely administrated for novel combined chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
| | - Pablo Fernández-Millán
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
| | - Ester Boix
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Valles, Spain
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16
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Fu B, Lin H, Ramesh Pavase T, Mi N, Sui J. Extraction, Identification, Modification, and Antibacterial Activity of Histone from Immature Testis of Atlantic salmon. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18030133. [PMID: 32111010 PMCID: PMC7142871 DOI: 10.3390/md18030133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, histone from immature testis of Atlantic salmon was extracted and identified, and its antibacterial activity after enzymolysis was investigated. Histone extracted from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) testis using the acid extraction method was successfully identified by LC-MS/MS, and revealed significant inhibitory activity on both the Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. With a low concentration of 10 mg/mL, the observed inhibitory zone diameter (IZD) could significantly reach up to 15.23 mm. After modification of enzymatic hydrolysis by pepsin, histone could be digested to three fragments, while the antibacterial activity increased up to 57.7%. All the results suggested the leftovers from commercial fishing could be utilized for the extraction of antimicrobial peptides.
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17
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Wang B, Gu HJ, Huang HQ, Wang HY, Xia ZH, Hu YH. Characterization, expression, and antimicrobial activity of histones from Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 96:235-244. [PMID: 31786345 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Histone proteins are not only structurally important for chromosomal DNA packaging but also involved in the regulation of gene expression and the immune response of host against pathogens. Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) as one of the most important marine flatfish, suffered from widespread outbreaks of diseases, and its immunological functioning remained to be elucidated. In the present study, we reported the expression patterns of four histones (H1, H2A, H3, and H3.3) and functional characterization of the histone H3.3 from flounder. Quantitative real time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis showed that expression of the four histones occurred in multiple tissues, but their levels of expression were relatively high in immune organs, and inducible in response to pathogens infection. Infection with extracellular and intracellular bacterial pathogens and viral pathogen regulated the expression of histones in a manner that depended on tissue type, pathogen, and infection stage. Specifically, H1 expression was highly induced by intracellular viral pathogens; H2AX and H3 expressions were highly induced by intracellular bacterial pathogen; dissimilarly, H3.3 expression was slightly induced by extracellular bacterial pathogen, but was inhibited by intracellular bacterial and viral pathogens. To further investigate H3.3 function, recombinant H3.3 (rH3.3) was obtained, and in vitro experiments showed rH3.3 possessed the capability of binding to both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and inhibiting the growth of some target bacteria. Consistently, In vivo results showed that overexpression of H3.3 promoted the host defense against invading pathogenic microorganism and regulated the expressions of several cytokines. These results suggested that flounder histones exhibit different expression patterns in response to the infection of different microbial pathogens, and H3.3 serves as an immune-related protein and plays an important role in antimicrobial immunity of Japanese flounder. Taken together, this study is the first report about the expression profile of different histones upon different kind of pathogens and anti-infectious immunity of H3.3 in teleost, which offered new insights into the immunological function of histones in teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, CATAS, Haikou, 571101, China; School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Han-Jie Gu
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, CATAS, Haikou, 571101, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Haikou, 571101, China.
| | - Hui-Qin Huang
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, CATAS, Haikou, 571101, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Haikou, 571101, China.
| | - Hong-Yu Wang
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, CATAS, Haikou, 571101, China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Haikou, 571101, China.
| | - Zhi-Hui Xia
- College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Yong-Hua Hu
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hainan Academy of Tropical Agricultural Resource, CATAS, Haikou, 571101, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), China; Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Functional Components Research and Utilization of Marine Bio-resources, Haikou, 571101, China.
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18
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Doolin T, Gross S, Siryaporn A. Physical Mechanisms of Bacterial Killing by Histones. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1267:117-133. [PMID: 32894480 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-46886-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a global epidemic, becoming increasingly pressing due to its rapid spread. There is thus a critical need to develop new therapeutic approaches. In addition to searching for new antibiotics, looking into existing mechanisms of natural host defense may enable researchers to improve existing defense mechanisms, and to develop effective, synthetic drugs guided by natural principles. Histones, primarily known for their role in condensing mammalian DNA, are antimicrobial and share biochemical similarities with antimicrobial peptides (AMPs); however, the mechanism by which histones kill bacteria is largely unknown. Both AMPs and histones are similar in size, cationic, contain a high proportion of hydrophobic amino acids, and possess the ability to form alpha helices. AMPs, which mostly kill bacteria through permeabilization or disruption of the biological membrane, have recently garnered significant attention for playing a key role in host defenses. This chapter outlines the structure and function of histone proteins as they compare to AMPs and provides an overview of their role in innate immune responses, especially regarding the action of specific histones against microorganisms and their potential mechanism of action against microbial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tory Doolin
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Steven Gross
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA. .,Department of Physics & Astronomy, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Albert Siryaporn
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA. .,Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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19
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Sruthy KS, Nair A, Antony SP, Puthumana J, Singh ISB, Philip R. A histone H2A derived antimicrobial peptide, Fi-Histin from the Indian White shrimp, Fenneropenaeus indicus: Molecular and functional characterization. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:667-679. [PMID: 31252047 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) derived from histone proteins form an important category of peptide antibiotics. Present study deals with the molecular and functional characterization of a 27-amino acid histone H2A derived AMP from the Indian White shrimp, Fenneropenaeus indicus designated as Fi-Histin. This peptide displayed distinctive features of AMPs such as amphiphilic alpha helical structure and a net charge of +6. The synthetic peptide exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria especially against V. vulnificus, P. aeruginosa, V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholera and S. aureus. Disruption of cell membrane and cell content leakage were observed in peptide treated V. vulnificus using scanning electron microscopy. The synthetic peptide Fi-His1-21 exhibited DNA binding activity and found to be non-haemolytic at the tested concentrations. Peptide was also found to possess anticancer activity against NCI-H460 and HEp-2 cell lines with an IC50 of 22.670 ± 13.939 μM and 31.274 ± 24.531 μM respectively. This is the first report of a histone H2A derived peptide from F. indicus with a specific antimicrobial activity and anticancer activity, which could be a new candidate for future applications in aquaculture and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Sruthy
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - Aishwarya Nair
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - Swapna P Antony
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - Jayesh Puthumana
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - I S Bright Singh
- National Centre for Aquatic Animal Health, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India
| | - Rosamma Philip
- Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Fine Arts Avenue, Kochi, 682016, Kerala, India.
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20
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Patel DM, Bhide K, Bhide M, Iversen MH, Brinchmann MF. Proteomic and structural differences in lumpfish skin among the dorsal, caudal and ventral regions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6990. [PMID: 31061513 PMCID: PMC6502863 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43396-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish skin is a vital organ that serves a multitude of functions including mechanical protection, homeostasis, osmoregulation and protection against diseases. The expression of skin proteins changes under different physiological conditions. However, little is known about differences in protein expression among various body sites in naïve fish. The objectives of this work is to study potential differences in protein and gene expression among dorsal, caudal and ventral regions of lumpfish skin employing 2D gel based proteomics and real-time PCR and to assess structural differences between these regions by using Alcian blue and Periodic acid Schiff stained skin sections. The proteins collagen alfa-1, collagen alfa-2, heat shock cognate 71 kDa, histone H4, parvalbumin, natterin-2, 40S ribosomal protein S12, topoisomerase A and topoisomerase B were differentially expressed among the three regions. mRNA expression of apoa1, hspa8 and hist1h2b showed significant differences between regions. Skin photomicrographs showed differences in epidermal thickness and goblet cell counts. The ventral region showed relatively high protein expression, goblet cell count and epidermal thickness compared to dorsal and caudal regions. Overall, this study provides an important benchmark for comparative analysis of skin proteins and structure between different parts of the lumpfish body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti M Patel
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049, Bodø, Norway.,Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, 73, 04181, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Bhide
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, 73, 04181, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Mangesh Bhide
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microbiology and Immunology, 73, 04181, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martin H Iversen
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049, Bodø, Norway
| | - Monica F Brinchmann
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049, Bodø, Norway.
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21
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Panteleev PV, Bolosov IA, Kalashnikov AÀ, Kokryakov VN, Shamova OV, Emelianova AA, Balandin SV, Ovchinnikova TV. Combined Antibacterial Effects of Goat Cathelicidins With Different Mechanisms of Action. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2983. [PMID: 30555455 PMCID: PMC6284057 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Being essential components of innate immune system, animal antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) also known as host-defense peptides came into sharp focus as possible alternatives to conventional antibiotics due to their high efficacy against a broad range of MDR pathogens and low rate of resistance development. Mammalian species can produce a set of co-localized AMPs with different structures and mechanisms of actions. Here we examined the combined antibacterial effects of cathelicidins, structurally diverse family of host-defense peptides found in vertebrate species. As a model we have used structurally distinct cathelicidins expressed in the leukocytes of goat Capra hircus. The recombinant analogs of natural peptides were obtained by heterologous expression in bacterial system and biological activities as well as the major mechanisms of antibacterial action of the peptides were investigated. As the result, the marked synergistic effect against wide panel of bacterial strains including extensively drug-resistant ones was observed for the pair of membranolytic α-helical amphipathic peptide ChMAP-28 and Pro-rich peptide mini-ChBac7.5Nα targeting a bacterial ribosome. ChMAP-28 was shown to damage the outer bacterial membrane at sub-inhibitory concentrations that could facilitate Pro-rich peptide translocation into the cell. Finally, resistance changes under a long-term continuous selective pressure of each individual peptide and the synergistic combination of both peptides were tested against Escherichia coli strains. The combination was shown to keep a high activity after the 26-days selection experiment in contrast to mini-ChBac7.5Nα used alone and the reference antibiotic polymyxin B. We identified the point mutation leading to amino acid substitution V102E in the membrane transport protein SbmA of the mini-ChBac7.5Nα-resistant strain obtained by selection. The experiments revealed that the presence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of ChMAP-28 restored the activity of mini-ChBac7.5Nα against this strain and clinical isolate with a weak sensitivity to mini-ChBac7.5Nα. The obtained results suggest a potential medical application of synergistic combinations of natural cathelicidins, which allows using a lower therapeutic dose and minimizes the risk of resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel V Panteleev
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilia A Bolosov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander À Kalashnikov
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Olga V Shamova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anna A Emelianova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey V Balandin
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Ovchinnikova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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22
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Szatmary P, Huang W, Criddle D, Tepikin A, Sutton R. Biology, role and therapeutic potential of circulating histones in acute inflammatory disorders. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4617-4629. [PMID: 30085397 PMCID: PMC6156248 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Histones are positively charged nuclear proteins that facilitate packaging of DNA into nucleosomes common to all eukaryotic cells. Upon cell injury or cell signalling processes, histones are released passively through cell necrosis or actively from immune cells as part of extracellular traps. Extracellular histones function as microbicidal proteins and are pro‐thrombotic, limiting spread of infection or isolating areas of injury to allow for immune cell infiltration, clearance of infection and initiation of tissue regeneration and repair. Histone toxicity, however, is not specific to microbes and contributes to tissue and end‐organ injury, which in cases of systemic inflammation may lead to organ failure and death. This review details the processes of histones release in acute inflammation, the mechanisms of histone‐related tissue toxicity and current and future strategies for therapy targeting histones in acute inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Szatmary
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Research Group, Royal Liverpool University Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Wei Huang
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Research Group, Royal Liverpool University Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Sichuan Provincial Pancreatitis Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - David Criddle
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alexei Tepikin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Robert Sutton
- Liverpool Pancreatitis Research Group, Royal Liverpool University Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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23
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Sathyamoorthi A, Kumaresan V, Palanisamy R, Pasupuleti M, Arasu MV, Al-Dhabi NA, Marimuthu K, Amin SMN, Arshad A, Yusoff FM, Arockiaraj J. Therapeutic Cationic Antimicrobial Peptide (CAP) Derived from Fish Aspartic Proteinase Cathepsin D and its Antimicrobial Mechanism. Int J Pept Res Ther 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-017-9652-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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24
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Komodo dragon-inspired synthetic peptide DRGN-1 promotes wound-healing of a mixed-biofilm infected wound. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2017. [PMID: 28649410 PMCID: PMC5445593 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-017-0017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cationic antimicrobial peptides are multifunctional molecules that have a high potential as therapeutic agents. We have identified a histone H1-derived peptide from the Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis), called VK25. Using this peptide as inspiration, we designed a synthetic peptide called DRGN-1. We evaluated the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of both peptides against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. DRGN-1, more than VK25, exhibited potent antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity, and permeabilized bacterial membranes. Wound healing was significantly enhanced by DRGN-1 in both uninfected and mixed biofilm (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus)-infected murine wounds. In a scratch wound closure assay used to elucidate the wound healing mechanism, the peptide promoted the migration of HEKa keratinocyte cells, which was inhibited by mitomycin C (proliferation inhibitor) and AG1478 (epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor). DRGN-1 also activated the EGFR-STAT1/3 pathway. Thus, DRGN-1 is a candidate for use as a topical wound treatment. Wound infections are a major concern; made increasingly complicated by the emerging, rapid spread of bacterial resistance. The novel synthetic peptide DRGN-1 (inspired by a peptide identified from Komodo dragon) exhibits pathogen-directed and host-directed activities in promoting the clearance and healing of polymicrobial (Pseudomonas aeruginosa & Staphylococcus aureus) biofilm infected wounds. The effectiveness of this peptide cannot be attributed solely to its ability to act upon the bacteria and disrupt the biofilm, but also reflects the peptide’s ability to promsote keratinocyte migration. When applied in a murine model, infected wounds treated with DRGN-1 healed significantly faster than did untreated wounds, or wounds treated with other peptides. The host-directed mechanism of action was determined to be via the EGFR-STAT1/3 pathway. The pathogen-directed mechanism of action was determined to be via anti-biofilm activity and antibacterial activity through membrane permeabilization. This novel peptide may have potential as a future therapeutic for treating infected wounds. A synthetic peptide based on a natural molecule found in the Komodo dragon promotes healing of biofilm-infected wounds. Peptides are small protein-like molecules. Monique van Hoek, Barney Bishop and colleagues at George Mason University in Virginia, USA, isolated a natural peptide with some antimicrobial properties from Komodo dragon plasma. They designed a modified synthetic version with rearranged amino acids, named DRGN-1 in recognition of the “Komodo dragon” peptide that inspired it. In preliminary trials, DRGN-1 enhanced the healing of biofilm-infected wounds in mice, and was more effective than the natural peptide. This may be due to both bacterial- and host-directed effects. DRGN-1 reduced biofilm and bacterial number while increasing wound closure. The authors suggest DRGN-1 could be developed into a therapeutic agent that may treat the biofilm-infected wounds that are increasingly resistant to conventional antibiotics.
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25
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Kong X, Wu X, Pei C, Zhang J, Zhao X, Li L, Nie G, Li X. H2A and Ca-L-hipposin gene: Characteristic analysis and expression responses to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Carassius aurutus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 63:344-352. [PMID: 28223110 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptide is an important component of the host innate immune system and thus serves a crucial function in host defense against microbial invasion. In this study, H2A and derived antimicrobial peptide Ca-L-hipposin were cloned and characterized in Carassius aurutus. The gene H2A full-length cDNA is 908 bp and includes a 5'-terminal untranslated region (UTR) of 55 bp and a 3'-terminal UTR of 466 bp with a canonical polyadenylation signal sequence AATAA, as well as an open reading frame (ORF) of 387 bp encoding a polypeptide of 128 amino acids, with a molecular weight of 13.7 kDa, an isoelectric point of 10.7, and 94% homology with Danio rerio H2A. The secondary structure of H2A includes the α-spiral with 51 amino acids with a composition ratio of 39.8%, as well as a β-corner with 15 amino acids in a composition ratio of 11.7%. The online software ExPaSy predicted that a peptide sequence with 51 amino acids from the 2nd to 52nd amino acids in histone H2A can be produced through hydrolization by protease chymotrypsin, which indicates a difference of only three amino acids, compared with the antimicrobial peptide hipposin in Hippoglossus hippoglossus with a homology of 94%. Ca-L-hipposin includes 51 amino acids with a molecular weight of 5.4 kDa and an isoelectric point of 12.0, the secondary structure of which contains an α-helix of 17 amino acids accounting for 33.3% and a β-corner of 8 amino acids accounting for 15.7%. H2A was extensively expressed in the mRNA levels of various tissues, with higher expression levels in kidney and spleen. After C. aurutus was challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila, the mRNA expression levels of H2A were upregulated in the kidney, spleen, and liver. H2A serves an important function in the defense against the invasion of A. hydrophila. In addition, sequence characteristics reveal that Ca-L-hipposin could be a potential antimicrobial peptide for use in killing pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghui Kong
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
| | - Xiangmin Wu
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Chao Pei
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xianliang Zhao
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Guoxing Nie
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
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Tan T, Wu D, Li W, Zheng X, Li W, Shan A. High Specific Selectivity and Membrane-Active Mechanism of Synthetic Cationic Hybrid Antimicrobial Peptides Based on the Peptide FV7. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E339. [PMID: 28178190 PMCID: PMC5343874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybrid peptides integrating different functional domains of peptides have many advantages, such as remarkable antimicrobial activity, lower hemolysis and ideal cell selectivity, compared with natural antimicrobial peptides. FV7 (FRIRVRV-NH₂), a consensus amphiphilic sequence was identified as being analogous to host defense peptides. In this study, we designed a series of hybrid peptides FV7-LL-37 (17-29) (FV-LL), FV7-magainin 2 (9-21) (FV-MA) and FV7-cecropin A (1-8) (FV-CE) by combining the FV7 sequence with the small functional sequences LL-37 (17-29) (LL), magainin 2 (9-21) (MA) and cecropin A (1-8) (CE) which all come from well-described natural peptides. The results demonstrated that the synthetic hybrid peptides, in particular FV-LL, had potent antibacterial activities over a wide range of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria with lower hemolytic activity than other peptides. Furthermore, fluorescent spectroscopy indicated that the hybrid peptide FV-LL exhibited marked membrane destruction by inducing outer and inner bacterial membrane permeabilization, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrated that FV-LL damaged membrane integrity by disrupting the bacterial membrane. Inhibiting biofilm formation assays also showed that FV-LL had similar anti-biofilm activity compared with the functional peptide sequence FV7. Synthetic cationic hybrid peptides based on FV7 could provide new models for combining different functional domains and demonstrate effective avenues to screen for novel antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Tan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Di Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Weizhong Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Xin Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
| | - Weifen Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Anshan Shan
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Hoeksema M, van Eijk M, Haagsman HP, Hartshorn KL. Histones as mediators of host defense, inflammation and thrombosis. Future Microbiol 2016; 11:441-53. [PMID: 26939619 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.15.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Histones are known for their ability to bind to and regulate expression of DNA. However, histones are also present in cytoplasm and extracellular fluids where they serve host defense functions and promote inflammatory responses. Histones are a major component of neutrophil extracellular traps that contribute to bacterial killing but also to inflammatory injury. Histones can act as antimicrobial peptides and directly kill bacteria, fungi, parasites and viruses, in vitro and in a variety of animal hosts. In addition, histones can trigger inflammatory responses in some cases acting through Toll-like receptors or inflammasome pathways. Extracellular histones mediate organ injury (lung, liver), sepsis physiology, thrombocytopenia and thrombin generation and some proteins can bind histones and reduce these potentially harmful effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marloes Hoeksema
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Martin van Eijk
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Henk P Haagsman
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Kevan L Hartshorn
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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28
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Katzenback BA. Antimicrobial Peptides as Mediators of Innate Immunity in Teleosts. BIOLOGY 2015; 4:607-39. [PMID: 26426065 PMCID: PMC4690011 DOI: 10.3390/biology4040607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been identified throughout the metazoa suggesting their evolutionarily conserved nature and their presence in teleosts is no exception. AMPs are short (18–46 amino acids), usually cationic, amphipathic peptides. While AMPs are diverse in amino acid sequence, with no two AMPs being identical, they collectively appear to have conserved functions in the innate immunity of animals towards the pathogens they encounter in their environment. Fish AMPs are upregulated in response to pathogens and appear to have direct broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity towards both human and fish pathogens. However, an emerging role for AMPs as immunomodulatory molecules has become apparent—the ability of AMPs to activate the innate immune system sheds light onto the multifaceted capacity of these small peptides to combat pathogens through direct and indirect means. Herein, this review focuses on the role of teleost AMPs as modulators of the innate immune system and their regulation in response to pathogens or other exogenous molecules. The capacity to regulate AMP expression by exogenous factors may prove useful in modulating AMP expression in fish to prevent disease, particularly in aquaculture settings where crowded conditions and environmental stress pre-dispose these fish to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Katzenback
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Chaurasia MK, Palanisamy R, Bhatt P, Kumaresan V, Gnanam AJ, Pasupuleti M, Kasi M, Harikrishnan R, Arockiaraj J. A prawn core histone 4: Derivation of N- and C-terminal peptides and their antimicrobial properties, molecular characterization and mRNA transcription. Microbiol Res 2015; 170:78-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Yu P, Gu H. Bioactive substances from marine fishes, shrimps, and algae and their functions: present and future. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2015; 55:1114-36. [PMID: 24915345 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.686933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Marine fishes, shrimps, and algae have many important bioactive substances, such as peptides, unsaturated fatty acids, polysaccharides, trace elements, and natural pigments. The introduction of these substances contributes to a significant improvement in developing them in final processed products. In fact, the knowledge of these bioactive substances has experienced a rapid increase in the past 20 years and prompted the relevant technological revolution with a decisive contribution to the final application. The purpose of this review was to introduce critically and comprehensively the present knowledge of these bioactive substances and pointed out their future developmental situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yu
- a College of Food Science and Biotechnology , Zhejiang Gongshang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
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31
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Masso-Silva JA, Diamond G. Antimicrobial peptides from fish. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2014; 7:265-310. [PMID: 24594555 PMCID: PMC3978493 DOI: 10.3390/ph7030265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are found widely distributed through Nature, and participate in the innate host defense of each species. Fish are a great source of these peptides, as they express all of the major classes of AMPs, including defensins, cathelicidins, hepcidins, histone-derived peptides, and a fish-specific class of the cecropin family, called piscidins. As with other species, the fish peptides exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, killing both fish and human pathogens. They are also immunomodulatory, and their genes are highly responsive to microbes and innate immuno-stimulatory molecules. Recent research has demonstrated that some of the unique properties of fish peptides, including their ability to act even in very high salt concentrations, make them good potential targets for development as therapeutic antimicrobials. Further, the stimulation of their gene expression by exogenous factors could be useful in preventing pathogenic microbes in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Masso-Silva
- Department of Pediatrics and Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07101, USA.
| | - Gill Diamond
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Box 100424, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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32
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Cassone M, Otvos Jr L. Synergy among antibacterial peptides and between peptides and small-molecule antibiotics. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 8:703-16. [DOI: 10.1586/eri.10.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Dheilly NM, Raftos DA, Haynes PA, Smith LC, Nair SV. Shotgun proteomics of coelomic fluid from the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 40:35-50. [PMID: 23353016 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The purple sea urchin has a complex immune system that is likely mediated by gene expression in coelomocytes (blood cells). A broad array of potential immune receptors and immune response proteins has been deduced from their gene models. Here we use shotgun mass spectrometry to describe 307 proteins with possible immune function in sea urchins including proteins involved in the complement pathway and numerous SRCRs. The relative abundance of dual oxidase 1, ceruloplasmin, ferritin and transferrin suggests the production of reactive oxygen species in coelomocytes and the sequestration of iron. Proteins such as selectin, cadherin, talin, galectin, amassin and the Von Willebrand factor may be involved in generating a strong clotting reaction. Cell signaling proteins include a guanine nucleotide binding protein, the Rho GDP dissociation factor, calcium storage molecules and a variety of lipoproteins. However, based on this dataset, the expression of TLRs, NLRs and fibrinogen domain containing proteins in coelomic fluid and coelomocytes could not be verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolwenn M Dheilly
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia.
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Abstract
The vertebrate immune system is comprised of numerous distinct and interdependent components. Every component has its own inherent protective value, and the final combination of them is likely to be related to an animal’s immunological history and evolutionary development. Vertebrate immune system consists of both systemic and mucosal immune compartments, but it is the mucosal immune system which protects the body from the first encounter of pathogens. According to anatomical location, the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, in teleost fish is subdivided into gut-, skin-, and gill-associated lymphoid tissue and most available studies focus on gut. The purpose of this paper is to summarise the current knowledge of the immunological defences present in skin mucosa as a very important part of the fish immune system, serving as an anatomical and physiological barrier against external hazards. Interest in defence mechanism of fish arises from a need to develop health management tools to support a growing finfish aquaculture industry, while at the same time addressing questions concerning origins and evolution of immunity in vertebrates. Increased knowledge of fish mucosal immune system will facilitate the development of novel vaccination strategies in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ángeles Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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35
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Nam BH, Seo JK, Go HJ, Lee MJ, Kim YO, Kim DG, Lee SJ, Park NG. Purification and characterization of an antimicrobial histone H1-like protein and its gene from the testes of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 33:92-98. [PMID: 22538352 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An approximately 21 kDa antimicrobial protein was purified from an acidified testis extract of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, by ion-exchange and C(18) reversed-phase HPLC. A comparison of the N-terminal amino acid sequence with those of other known antimicrobial polypeptides revealed high homology between this antimicrobial protein and other histone H1 molecules; thus, it was designated flounder histone H1-like protein (fH1LP). fH1LP showed potent antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus iniae (minimal effective concentrations [MECs], 2.8-30.0 μg/ml), Gram-negative bacteria, including Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli D31, Vibrio parahaemolyticus (MECs, 1.4-12.0 μg/ml), and Candida albicans (MEC, 2.0 μg/ml). cDNA cloning and tissue distribution studies of fH1LP indicated that it is constitutively expressed in testis and ovary. The fH1LP expression level was significantly dependent on developmental stage, and decreased dramatically after hatching. However, lipopolysaccharide stimulation did not induce fH1LP mRNA in other immune organs, including the kidney and spleen. These results suggest that fH1LP plays an important role in innate immunity in fish during reproduction, including mating, fertilization, and hatching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Hye Nam
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, 408-1 Sirang-ri, Gijang-eup, Gijang-Gun, Busan 619-902, Republic of Korea.
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36
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Inhibition of bacterial biofilm formation and swarming motility by a small synthetic cationic peptide. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012; 56:2696-704. [PMID: 22354291 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00064-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 318] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms cause up to 80% of infections and are difficult to treat due to their substantial multidrug resistance compared to their planktonic counterparts. Based on the observation that human peptide LL-37 is able to block biofilm formation at concentrations below its MIC, we screened for small peptides with antibiofilm activity and identified novel synthetic cationic peptide 1037 of only 9 amino acids in length. Peptide 1037 had very weak antimicrobial activity, but at 1/30th the MIC the peptide was able to effectively prevent biofilm formation (>50% reduction in cell biomass) by the Gram-negative pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cenocepacia and Gram-positive Listeria monocytogenes. Using a flow cell system and a widefield fluorescence microscope, 1037 was shown to significantly reduce biofilm formation and lead to cell death in biofilms. Microarray and follow-up studies showed that, in P. aeruginosa, 1037 directly inhibited biofilms by reducing swimming and swarming motilities, stimulating twitching motility, and suppressing the expression of a variety of genes involved in biofilm formation (e.g., PA2204). Comparison of microarray data from cells treated with peptides LL-37 and 1037 enabled the identification of 11 common P. aeruginosa genes that have a role in biofilm formation and are proposed to represent functional targets of these peptides. Peptide 1037 shows promise as a potential therapeutic agent against chronic, recurrent biofilm infections caused by a variety of bacteria.
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37
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Noga EJ, Ullal AJ, Corrales J, Fernandes JM. Application of antimicrobial polypeptide host defenses to aquaculture: Exploitation of downregulation and upregulation responses. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2011; 6:44-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2010.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Revised: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Seo JK, Stephenson J, Noga EJ. Multiple antibacterial histone H2B proteins are expressed in tissues of American oyster. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2011; 158:223-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2010.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 11/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Noga EJ, Borron PJ, Hinshaw J, Gordon WC, Gordon LJ, Seo JK. Identification of histones as endogenous antibiotics in fish and quantification in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) skin and gill. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2011; 37:135-152. [PMID: 20711849 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-010-9422-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial polypeptides (AMPPs) are increasingly recognized as a critical component of innate host defense. Among the AMPPs, polypeptides related to histones have been identified from many animals. Using peptide mapping, we further confirm the identity of two histone-like proteins from fish as members of the H2B (sunshine bass) and H1 (rainbow trout) histone groups. We optimized the conditions for measuring rainbow trout HLP-1/H2B via sandwich ELISA. We used two antibodies, one to the amino terminus and one to the carboxyl terminus, of trout histone H2B, as the capture antibodies, and we used peroxidase-labeled antibody raised to calf histone H2B as the secondary antibody. Specificity of the detecting antibody was confirmed by specific reactivity with histone H2B in tissue extracts via western blotting. The test was reproducible and capable of detecting as little as 5 ng of histone H2B (0.05 μg/ml). Histone H2B levels expressed in gill tissue of juvenile, healthy rainbow trout were well within concentrations that are lethal to important fish pathogens. However, there was a significant, age (size)-dependent decline in histone H2B concentrations as fish matured, until levels became virtually undetectable in market-size fish. In contrast, levels in skin appeared to remain high and unchanged in small versus large fish. Antibacterial activity in skin and gill tissues was closely correlated with histone H2B concentration measured via ELISA, which supports our previous finding that histones are the major AMPPs in rainbow trout skin and gill.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Noga
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.
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40
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Yue X, Liu B, Xue Q. An i-type lysozyme from the Asiatic hard clam Meretrix meretrix potentially functioning in host immunity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 30:550-8. [PMID: 21134465 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2010.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2010] [Revised: 10/31/2010] [Accepted: 11/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Lysozymes function in animal immunity. Three types of lysozyme have been identified in animal kingdom and most lysozymes identified from bivalve molluscs belong to the invertebrate (i) type. In this research, we cloned and sequenced a new i-type lysozyme, named MmeLys, from the Asiatic hard clam Meretrix meretrix. MmeLys cDNA was constituted of 552 bp, with a 441 bp open reading frame encoding a 146 amino acid polypeptide. The encoded polypeptide was predicted to have a 15 amino acid signal peptide, and a 131 amino acid mature protein with a theoretical mass of 14601.44 Da and an isoelectric point (pI) of 7.14. MmeLys amino acid sequence bore 64% identity with the Manila clam (Venerupis philippinarum) i-type lysozyme and was grouped with other veneroid i-type lysozymes in a bivalve lysozyme phylogenetic tree predicted using Neighbor-Jointing method. Recombinantly expressed MmeLys showed lysozyme activity and strong antibacterial activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. MmeLys mRNA and protein were detected to be mainly produced in hepatopancreas and gill by the methods of semi-quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting. In addition, MmeLys gene expression increased following Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge. Results of this research indicated that MmeLys represents a new i-type lysozyme that likely functions in M. meretrix immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yue
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China
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41
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Zahran E, Noga EJ. Evidence for synergism of the antimicrobial peptide piscidin 2 with antiparasitic and antioomycete drugs. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2010; 33:995-1003. [PMID: 21091726 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2010.01205.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Piscidins are potent, broad-spectrum, host-produced antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that appear to constitute the most common AMP family in teleost fish. Here, we show that piscidin 2 has potent activity against the water mould Saprolegnia, one of the most important pathogens of freshwater fish. The minimum oomyceticidal concentration (MOC₁₀₀) of piscidin 2 against zoospores of three pathogenic isolates of Saprolegnia ranged from 12.5 to 25.0 μg mL⁻¹. This piscidin concentration is well within levels that have been estimated to be present in at least some fish (1-32.5 μg mL⁻¹). In the presence of either copper or malachite green, two drugs commonly used to treat water moulds, there was evidence for partial synergism (PSYN) with piscidin 2. There was also evidence for PSYN after exposure of the ciliate parasite Tetrahymena pyriformis to piscidin 2 plus copper. Our data provide further evidence that piscidins may be an important host defence against skin and gill pathogens and that the piscidin levels in host tissue might influence the success of drug treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zahran
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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42
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Huang P, Li WS, Xie J, Yang XM, Jiang DK, Jiang S, Yu L. Characterization and expression of HLysG2, a basic goose-type lysozyme from the human eye and testis. Mol Immunol 2010; 48:524-31. [PMID: 21093056 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2010.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lysozyme plays an important role in human innate immunity by causing bacterial cell lysis. We describe for the first time, the actual performance of human lysozyme g-like 2 (HLysG2), a mammalian g-type lysozyme. RT-PCR revealed that the HLysG2 gene was transcribed in eye and testis tissues. A spot was detected from human tears using 2D gel electrophoresis and was identified as HLysG2 using MALDI-TOF/TOF MS and a MASCOT search with a matching score of 140 and 27% sequence coverage of the whole amino acid sequence. To gain insight into the in vitro antimicrobial activities of HLysG2, the mature peptide-coding region was cloned into Pichia pastoris for heterogeneous expression. Recombinant HLysG2, had an optimal at pH 6.0 and 30 °C, reached the peak activity of 1.2 × 10(4)U/mg at the sodium ion concentration of 75 mM and showed a higher salt tolerance than human c-type lysozyme (HLysC). Recombinant HlysG2 inhibited Gram-positive bacterial growth and did not inhibit Gram-negative bacterial and Candida albicans growth. Results indicated that HLysG2 is a potent antibacterial protein that may play a role in the innate immunity of the human eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Functional role of the interaction between polysialic acid and extracellular histone H1. J Neurosci 2010; 30:12400-13. [PMID: 20844135 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.6407-09.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysialic acid (PSA) is a large and highly negatively charged glycan that plays crucial roles in nervous system development and function in the adult. It has been suggested to facilitate cell migration, neurite outgrowth, and synaptic plasticity because its hydration volume could enhance flexibility of cell interactions. Evidence for receptors of PSA has so far been elusive. We now identified histone H1 as binding partner of PSA via a single-chain variable fragment antibody using an anti-idiotypic approach. Histone H1 directly binds to PSA as shown by ELISA. Surface biotinylation of cultured cerebellar neurons indicated an extracellular localization of histone H1. Immunostaining of live cerebellar neurons and Schwann cells confirmed that an extracellular pool of histone H1 colocalizes with PSA at the cell surface. Histone H1 was also detected in detergent-insoluble synaptosomal membrane subfractions and postsynaptic densities. When applied in vitro, histone H1 stimulated neuritogenesis, process formation and proliferation of Schwann cells, and migration of neural precursor cells via a PSA-dependent mechanism, further indicating that histone H1 is active extracellularly. These in vitro observations suggested an important functional role for the interaction between histone H1 and PSA not only for nervous system development but also for regeneration in the adult. Indeed, histone H1 improved functional recovery, axon regrowth, and precision of reinnervation of the motor branch in adult mice with femoral nerve injury. Our findings encourage investigations on the therapeutic potential of histone H1 in humans.
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Smith VJ, Desbois AP, Dyrynda EA. Conventional and unconventional antimicrobials from fish, marine invertebrates and micro-algae. Mar Drugs 2010; 8:1213-62. [PMID: 20479976 PMCID: PMC2866484 DOI: 10.3390/md8041213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2010] [Revised: 04/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
All eukaryotic organisms, single-celled or multi-cellular, produce a diverse array of natural anti-infective agents that, in addition to conventional antimicrobial peptides, also include proteins and other molecules often not regarded as part of the innate defences. Examples range from histones, fatty acids, and other structural components of cells to pigments and regulatory proteins. These probably represent very ancient defence factors that have been re-used in new ways during evolution. This review discusses the nature, biological role in host protection and potential biotechnological uses of some of these compounds, focusing on those from fish, marine invertebrates and marine micro-algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie J Smith
- Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 8LB, Scotland, UK.
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Corrales J, Mulero I, Mulero V, Noga EJ. Detection of antimicrobial peptides related to piscidin 4 in important aquacultured fish. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 34:331-343. [PMID: 19913049 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2009.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Revised: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 11/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial surfaces of fish, such as the gut, skin and gills, comprise a large surface area for possible pathogen invasion. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), innate immunity components, play a significant role in protecting fish. Piscidins are a family of AMPs. In this study, we detected the presence of the recently discovered piscidin 4 via bug blot, Western blot, ELISA and/or immunohistochemistry in striped bass (Morone saxatilis), white bass (M. chrysops), European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), and barramundi (Lates calcarifer). Via bug blot, gill extracts from all species had antibacterial activity corresponding to the migration rate of piscidin 4. Western blotting showed that piscidin 4 immunoreactivity was greatest in striped bass gill extract. The concentrations of piscidin 4 detected by the ELISA in striped bass gill (approximately 20 microg/ml) were well within the levels that are inhibitory to important fish bacterial pathogens. Piscidin 4 was also detected via immunohistochemistry in all fish except barramundi. Piscidin 4-positive cells were identified as mast cells (MC), but not all MC were piscidin 4-positive. Species, age, size and physiological condition at sampling were some factors that might affect piscidin expression in different species. Our data provide strong evidence that piscidin 4 isoforms are present in all these commercially important species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jone Corrales
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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Ravichandr S, Kumaravel K, Rameshkuma G, AjithKumar T. Antimicrobial Peptides from the Marine Fishes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/rji.2010.146.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Broad-spectrum activity against bacterial mastitis pathogens and activation of mammary epithelial cells support a protective role of neutrophil cathelicidins in bovine mastitis. Infect Immun 2010; 78:1781-8. [PMID: 20100862 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01090-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathelicidins are peptide components of the innate immune system of mammals. Apart from exerting a direct antibiotic activity, they can also trigger specific defense responses in the host. Their roles in various pathophysiological conditions have been studied, but there is a lack of published information on their expression and activities in the context of mastitis. The aims of this study were to investigate the expression of the bovine cathelicidins BMAP-27, BMAP-28, Bac5, and indolicidin in healthy and infected mammary tissue and in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated cells, to determine their activities against bacteria isolated from bovine mastitis, and to examine their potentials to trigger defense responses in bovine mammary cells. The genes were found to be upregulated in LPS-stimulated neutrophils, but not in infected quarters or epithelial cells. All peptides showed a variably broad spectrum of activity against 28 bacterial isolates from bovine mastitis (MIC values, 0.5 to 32 microM), some of which were antibiotic resistant. The activity of each peptide was significantly enhanced when it was pairwise tested with the other peptides, reaching the synergy threshold when indolicidin was present. The bactericidal activity was sensitive to milk components; BMAP-27 and -28 were highly effective in mastitic bovine milk and inhibited in milk from healthy cows. Both peptides were also active in whey and in blood serum and triggered the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Our results indicate multiple roles for the bovine cathelicidins in mastitis, with complementary and mutually enhanced antimicrobial activities against causative pathogens and the capacity to activate host cells.
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Tsao HS, Spinella SA, Lee AT, Elmore DE. Design of novel histone-derived antimicrobial peptides. Peptides 2009; 30:2168-73. [PMID: 19770014 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Revised: 09/05/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have identified several naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides derived from histone proteins. This research aimed to design novel histone-derived antimicrobial peptides (HDAPs). To this end, three novel peptides (DesHDAP1, DesHDAP2, and DesHDAP3) were designed based on a histone-DNA crystal structure and structural properties of buforin II, the best characterized naturally occurring HDAP. Molecular dynamics simulations and circular dichroism spectroscopy were used to further support the predicted structure and potential nucleic acid interactions of these three designed peptides. The antibacterial activity of the three peptides was then verified experimentally against a series of bacterial strains using a radial diffusion assay. One of these peptides is the first known fragment of histone H3 with antibacterial properties. Optical density measurements of bacterial cells exposed to the designed peptides implied that at least two of the novel peptides can induce cell death without causing significant membrane permeabilization, as observed for buforin II. The antibacterial potency of these designed HDAPs does not appear to correlate with their overall alpha-helical content, unlike previous observations for analogs of buforin II. However, the most potent designed peptide, DesHDAP1, shares a markedly similar circular dichroism spectrum with buforin II. These results demonstrate the potential of using histone structures as a framework for designing novel antimicrobial peptides. As well, these studies represent an important starting point for a broader characterization of properties shared by HDAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi See Tsao
- Department of Chemistry, Wellesley College, 106 Central St, Wellesley, MA 02481, United States
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Subramanian S, Ross NW, MacKinnon SL. Myxinidin, a novel antimicrobial peptide from the epidermal mucus of hagfish, Myxine glutinosa L. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2009; 11:748-757. [PMID: 19330556 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-009-9189-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Accepted: 02/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Fish epidermal mucus contains innate immune components that provide a first line of defense against various infectious pathogens. This study reports the bioassay-guided fractionation and characterization of a novel antimicrobial peptide, myxinidin, from the acidic epidermal mucus extract of hagfish (Myxine glutinosa L.). Edman sequencing and mass spectrometry revealed that myxinidin consists of 12 amino acids and has a molecular mass of 1,327.68 Da. Myxinidin showed activity against a broad range of bacteria and yeast pathogens at minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) ranging from 1.0 to 10.0 microg/mL. Screened pathogens, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium C610, Escherichia coli D31, Aeromonas salmonicida A449, Yersinia ruckeri 96-4, and Listonella anguillarum 02-11 were found to be highly sensitive to myxinidin at the MBC of 1.0-2.5 microg/mL; Staphylococcus epidermis C621 and yeast (Candida albicans C627) had an MBC of 10.0 microg/mL. The antimicrobial activity of myxinidin was found to be two to 16 times more active than a potent fish-derived antimicrobial peptide, pleurocidin (NRC-17), against most of the screened pathogens. The microbicidal activity of myxinidin was retained in the presence of sodium chloride (NaCl) at concentrations up to 0.3 M and had no hemolytic activity against mammalian red blood cells. These results suggest that myxinidin may have potential applications in fish and human therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeetha Subramanian
- Institute for Marine Biosciences, National Research Council, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 3Z1
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Limbachiya MS, Pande AH. Peptide derived from the lipid binding domain of Group IB human pancreatic phospholipase A2 possesses antibacterial activity. Biochimie 2009; 91:1387-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2009.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 07/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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