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Hem S, Cummins ML, Wyrsch ER, Drigo B, Hoye BJ, Maute K, Sanderson-Smith M, Gorman J, Bogema DR, Jenkins C, Deutscher AT, Yam J, Hai F, Donner E, Jarocki VM, Djordjevic SP. Genomic analysis of Citrobacter from Australian wastewater and silver gulls reveals novel sequence types carrying critically important antibiotic resistance genes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 909:168608. [PMID: 37977387 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major public health concern, and environmental bacteria have been recognized as important reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Citrobacter, a common environmental bacterium and opportunistic pathogen in humans and other animals, has been largely understudied in terms of its diversity and AMR potential. Whole-genome (short-read) sequencing on a total of 77 Citrobacter isolates obtained from Australian silver gull (Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae) (n = 17) and influent wastewater samples (n = 60) was performed, revealing a diverse Citrobacter population, with seven different species and 33 sequence types, 17 of which were novel. From silver gull using non-selective media we isolated a broader range of species with little to no mobilised ARG carriage. Wastewater isolates (selected using Carbapenem- Resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) selective media) carried a heavy burden of ARGs (up to 21 ARGs, conferring resistance to nine classes of antibiotics), with several novel multidrug-resistant (MDR) lineages identified, including C. braakii ST1110, which carried ARGs conferring resistance to eight to nine classes of antibiotics, and C. freundii ST1105, which carried two carbapenemase genes, blaIMP-4 in class 1 integron structure, and blaKPC-2. Additionally, we identified an MDR C. portucalensis isolate carrying blaNDM-1, blaSHV-12, and mcr-9. We identified IncC, IncM2, and IncP6 plasmids as the likely vectors for many of the critically important mobilised ARGs. Phylogenetic analyses were performed to assess any epidemiological linkages between isolation sources, demonstrating low relatedness across sources beyond the ST level. However, these analyses did reveal some closer relationships between strains from disparate wastewater sources despite their collection some 13,000 km apart. These findings support the need for future surveillance of Citrobacter populations in wastewater and wildlife populations to monitor for potential opportunistic human pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sopheak Hem
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia; The Australian Centre for Genomic Epidemiological Microbiology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Max L Cummins
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia; The Australian Centre for Genomic Epidemiological Microbiology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Ethan R Wyrsch
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia; The Australian Centre for Genomic Epidemiological Microbiology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Barbara Drigo
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Bethany J Hoye
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong NSW, Australia; Environmental Futures Research Centre, University of Wollongong NSW, Australia
| | - Kimberly Maute
- School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong NSW, Australia; Environmental Futures Research Centre, University of Wollongong NSW, Australia
| | - Martina Sanderson-Smith
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Jody Gorman
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience and Molecular Horizons, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel R Bogema
- Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, NSW, Australia
| | - Cheryl Jenkins
- Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, NSW, Australia
| | - Ania T Deutscher
- Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, NSW, Australia
| | - Jerald Yam
- Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, NSW, Australia
| | - Faisal Hai
- School of Civil, Mining, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Erica Donner
- Cooperative Research Centre for Solving Antimicrobial resistance in Agribusiness, Food, and Environments (CRC SAAFE), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Veronica M Jarocki
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia; The Australian Centre for Genomic Epidemiological Microbiology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia.
| | - Steven P Djordjevic
- Australian Institute for Microbiology and Infection, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia; The Australian Centre for Genomic Epidemiological Microbiology, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia.
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Antibiotic resistance, virulence, and phylogenetic analysis of Escherichia coli strains isolated from free-living birds in human habitats. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262236. [PMID: 35020771 PMCID: PMC8754294 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild birds can be colonized by bacteria, which are often resistant to antibiotics and have various virulence profiles. The aim of this study was to analyze antibiotic resistance mechanisms and virulence profiles in relation to the phylogenetic group of E. coli strains that were isolated from the GI tract of wildfowl. Out of 241 faecal samples, presence of E. coli resistant to a cephalosporin (ESBL/AmpC) was estimated for 33 isolates (13,7%). Based on the analysis of the coexistence of 4 genes encoding ESBLs/AmpC (blaCTX-M, blaTEM,blaSHV, blaAmpC) and class 1 and 2 integrons genes (intI1, intI2) a subset of two resistance profiles was observed among the investigated E. coli isolates carrying blaAmpC, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M, blaTEM, class 1 and 2 integrons, respectively. The E. coli isolates were categorized into 4 phylogenetic groups A (39.4%), B2 (24.25%), D (24.25%) and B1 (12.1%). The pathogenic B2 and D groups were mainly typical for the Laridae family. Among the 28 virulence factors (Vfs) detected in pathogenic phylogenetic groups B2 and D, 7 were exclusively found in those groups (sfa, vat, tosA, tosB, hly, usp, cnf), while 4 VFs (fecA, fyuA, irp2, kspMTII) showed a statistically significant association (P≤0.05) with phylogroups A and B1. Our results indicated that strains belonging to commensal phylogroups A/B1 possess extensive iron acquisition systems (93,9%) and autotransporters (60,6%), typical for pathogens, hence we suggest that these strains evolve towards higher levels of virulence. This study, which is a point assessment of the virulence and drug resistance potential of wild birds, confirms the importance of taking wild birds as a reservoir of strains that pose a growing threat to humans. The E. coli analyzed in our study derive from different phylogenetic groups and possess an arsenal of antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors that contribute to their ability to cause diseases.
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Molecular Detection of Integrons, Colistin and β-lactamase Resistant Genes in Salmonella enterica Serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium Isolated from Chickens and Rats Inhabiting Poultry Farms. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020313. [PMID: 35208768 PMCID: PMC8876313 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid growth of multidrug-resistant Salmonella is a global public health concern. The aim of this study was to detect integrons, colistin and β-lactamase resistance genes in Salmonella enteritidis and typhimurium. A total of 63 isolates of S. enteritidis (n = 18) and S. typhimurium (n = 45) from fecal samples of layers and rats at chicken farms were screened for antibiotic resistant genes. Conventional PCR was performed for the detection of integrons (classes 1, 2, and 3), colistin (mcr-1-5) and β-lactamase (blaCTX-M, blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-9, blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaOXA) resistant genes. Of these isolates, 77% and 27% of S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis harboured the mcr-4 encoded gene for colistin, respectively. The prevalence of class 1 integrons for S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis was 100% for each serovar, while for class 2 integrons of S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis it was 49% and 33% respectively, while class 3 integron genes was not detected. Our study also detected high levels of β-lactamase encoding genes (bla gene), namely blaCTX-M, blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-9 and blaTEM from both S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis. This, to our knowledge, is the first report of mcr-4 resistance gene detection in Salmonella serovars in South Africa. This study also highlights the importance of controlling rats at poultry farms in order to reduce the risk of transmission of antibiotic resistance to chickens and eventually to humans.
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Rochegüe T, Haenni M, Cazeau G, Metayer V, Madec JY, Ferry T, Lupo A. An inventory of 44 qPCR assays using hydrolysis probes operating with a unique amplification condition for the detection and quantification of antibiotic resistance genes. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 100:115328. [PMID: 33819858 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Early antibiotic resistance determinants (ARDs) detection in humans or animals is crucial to counteract their propagation. The ARDs quantification is fundamental to understand the perturbation caused by disruptors, such as antibiotics, during therapies. Forty-three qPCRs on the most diffused ARDs and integrons among human and animal Enterobacterales, and one on the 16S rDNA for bacteria quantification, were developed. The qPCRs, using hydrolysis probes, operated with a unique amplification condition and were tested analytically and diagnostically performing 435 reactions on five positive and negative controls for each qPCR. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were confirmed by PCR and genome sequencing of control isolates, demonstrating 100% performance for all qPCRs. An easy and rapid discrimination method for the epidemiologically relevant blaCTX-Ms is provided. This large, noncommercial qPCRs inventory could serve for precise quantification of ARDs, but also as a rapid screening tool for surveillance purposes, providing the basis for further high-throughput developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Rochegüe
- ANSES - Université de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes (AVB), Lyon, France
| | - Marisa Haenni
- ANSES - Université de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes (AVB), Lyon, France
| | - Géraldine Cazeau
- ANSES - Université de Lyon, Unité Epidémiologie et Appui à la Surveillance (EAS), Lyon, France
| | - Véronique Metayer
- ANSES - Université de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes (AVB), Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Yves Madec
- ANSES - Université de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes (AVB), Lyon, France
| | - Tristan Ferry
- Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, CHU de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Lyon, France; Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, CIRI, Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, Lyon, France
| | - Agnese Lupo
- ANSES - Université de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes (AVB), Lyon, France.
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Chiu CH, Lee JJ, Wang MH, Chu C. Genetic analysis and plasmid-mediated bla CMY-2 in Salmonella and Shigella and the Ceftriaxone Susceptibility regulated by the ISEcp-1 tnpA-bla CMY-2-blc-sugE. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2020; 54:649-657. [PMID: 32169530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nontyphoid Salmonella and Shigella can cause gastroenteritis in humans. Ceftriaxone (CRO) has been used to treat their infection, however, development of CRO resistance are often associated with plasmid-mediated blaCMY. Here, we investigated the presence of plasmid-mediated ISEcp-1 tnpA-blaCMY-2-blc-sugE and the role of these genes in regulation of CRO susceptibility in different hosts. METHODS 194 strains of Salmonella serovars and Shigella were tested for CRO susceptibility. Non-susceptibility strains were examined for plasmid-mediated ISEcp-1 tnpA-blaCMY-2-blc-sugE by PCR amplification, Southern blot, and DNA sequencing. The plasmid profiles were determined by HindIII-digested restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Four recombinant plasmids with different genes from ISEcp-1 tnpA-blaCMY-2-blc-sugE were constructed and then were transferred into Escherichia coli and different Salmonella serovars to evaluate the CRO susceptibility. RESULTS Among 20 CRO-nonsusceptible isolates of Salmonella Choleraesuis (5), S. Typhimurium (4), S. Mons (1), S. Stanley (2) and Shigella sonnei (8) with plasmid-mediated blaCMY-2, 19 isolates carried the ISEcp-1 tnpA-blaCMY-2-blc-sugE and only one isolate with tnpA-blaCMY-2. Transformation of these plasmids into E. coli pir116 produced multidrug resistance. Furthermore, PCR-RFLP analysis determined 5 different plasmid profiles and identical RFLP pattern between S. Typhimurium and S. sonnei. Transformation of the recombinant plasmids into E. coli and different Salmonella serovars resulted in phenotypes ranging from susceptible to resistant (especially inducible resistance) to CRO that were dependent on the genes, and host. CONCLUSION The CRO susceptibility associated with the ISEcp-1 tnpA-blaCMY-2-blc-sugE element is regulated positively by ISEcp-1 tnpA and SugE and negatively regulated by Blc and unknown species-dependent host factor(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jen-Jain Lee
- Medical Laboratory Division, Chiayi Branch, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, No.600, Sec. 2, Shixian Rd., Chiayi City, 60090, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mei-Hui Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chishih Chu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biopharmaceuticals, College of Life Sciences, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan, ROC.
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Zheng Z, Cheng Q, Chan EWC, Chen S. Genetic and Biochemical Characterization of VMB-1, a Novel Metallo-β-Lactamase Encoded by a Conjugative, Broad-Host Range IncC Plasmid from Vibrio spp. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e1900221. [PMID: 32293144 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The increasing incidence of phenotypic resistance to carbapenems in recent years is mainly attributed to acquisition of mobile carbapenemase-encoding genetic elements by major bacterial pathogens. Here, a novel carbapenemase known as Vibrio metallo-β-lactamase 1 (VMB-1), which is encoded by a gene (blaVMB-1 ) located in an integron-bearing, highly transmissible IncC type plasmid, namely pVB1796, is identified and characterized, both genetically and functionally. Recovered from a foodborne Vibrio alginolyticus strain that exhibits resistance to all known β-lactam antibiotics, pVB1796 is found to possess a hybrid backbone that exhibits unique features of both type 1 and type 2 IncC elements. VMB-1 exhibits 94% sequence homology with several recently reported but poorly characterized metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) produced by the marine organisms Alteromonadaceae, Glaciecola, and Thalassomonas actiniarum. Sequence alignment analysis shows that VMB-1 shares a structurally identical active site with subclass B1 MBLs. Importantly, pVB1796 is found to be efficiently transferred from Vibrio to other Gram-negative bacterial pathogens, including Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumanni, via conjugation. These findings suggest that blaVMB-1 -bearing plasmids have the potential to be disseminated to other Gram-negative bacterial pathogens in the near future and render carbapenems useless in treatment of multidrug resistant infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Zheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Food Biological Safety Control, Food Safety and Technology Research Centre, The Hong Kong PolyU Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518052, P. R. China.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Qipeng Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong.,State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Edward Wai-Chi Chan
- State Key Lab of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
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Assessment of the alteration in phage adsorption rates of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella typhimurium. Arch Microbiol 2019; 201:983-989. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-019-01667-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Jiang F, Wu Z, Zheng Y, Frana TS, Sahin O, Zhang Q, Li G. Genotypes and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Hemolytic Escherichia coli from Diarrheic Piglets. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2019; 16:94-103. [PMID: 30688527 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemolytic Escherichia coli are important pathogens in neonatal and weaned pigs. In this study, we analyzed 95 hemolytic E. coli isolated from intestinal contents or fecal samples of diarrheic piglets in 15 states of the United States between November 2013 and December 2014. Phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility was determined through Sensititre BOFO6F plates for all the strains. They were all resistant to clindamycin, penicillin, tiamulin, tilmicosin, and highly resistant to oxytetracycline (91.6%), chlortetracycline (78.9%), ampicillin (75.8%), and sulfadimethoxine (68.4%). 86.2% of them were multidrug resistant. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) showed that 55 strains were enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and 40 strains were non-ETEC, and the strains belonged to 22 known and 2 novel sequence types (STs). ST100 and ST10 were the main and predominant STs in ETEC strains, whereas the non-ETEC strains were diverse with ST23 and ST761 as the main STs. Antibiotic resistance gene/mutation profiling of the genomes confirmed the results of antimicrobial susceptibility test. Notably, significant differences were found in the susceptibility to enrofloxacin between ETEC and non-ETEC (58.2% vs. 5.0%) and gentamicin (32.7% vs. 7.5%). ampH, ampC2, and ampC1 were the most common beta-lactamase genes in all E. coli strains, and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes were rare in these isolates. This study provides new insights into antibiotic resistance and genotypes of intestinal pathogenic E. coli associated with swine disease in the United States, and support the utility of WGS in accurate prediction of resistance to most antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwei Jiang
- 1 Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,2 Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine and College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Zuowei Wu
- 3 Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Ying Zheng
- 2 Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine and College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Timothy S Frana
- 2 Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine and College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Orhan Sahin
- 2 Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine and College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Qijing Zhang
- 3 Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Ganwu Li
- 1 Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,2 Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine and College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
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Ouertani R, Ben Jomàa-Jemili M, Gharsa H, Limelette A, Guillard T, Brasme L, de Champs C, Chouchani C. Prevalence of a New Variant OXA-204 and OXA-48 Carbapenemases Plasmids Encoded inKlebsiella pneumoniaeClinical Isolates in Tunisia. Microb Drug Resist 2018; 24:142-149. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2016.0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rym Ouertani
- Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Université de Carthage, Jarzouna, Tunisie
- Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El-Manar, El-Manar II, Tunisie
| | - Mariem Ben Jomàa-Jemili
- Laboratoire de Recherche Résistance aux Antimicrobiens, Faculté de Médicine de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Haythem Gharsa
- Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El-Manar, El-Manar II, Tunisie
| | - Anne Limelette
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, CHU Reims, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France
- UFR Médecine, SFR CAP Santé EA 4687, Université Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Thomas Guillard
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, CHU Reims, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France
- UFR Médecine, SFR CAP Santé EA 4687, Université Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Lucien Brasme
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, CHU Reims, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France
| | - Christophe de Champs
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène, CHU Reims, Hôpital Robert Debré, Reims, France
- UFR Médecine, SFR CAP Santé EA 4687, Université Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Chedly Chouchani
- Laboratoire de Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El-Manar, El-Manar II, Tunisie
- Laboratoire de Recherche Sciences et Technologies de l'Environnement, Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de l'Environnement de Borj-Cedria, Technopôle de Borj-Cedria, Université de Carthage, Hammam-Lif, Tunisie
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Hutchinson H, Finney S, Muñoz-Vargas L, Feicht S, Masterson M, Habing G. Prevalence and Transmission of Antimicrobial Resistance in a Vertically Integrated Veal Calf Production System. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2017; 14:711-718. [PMID: 28915068 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2017.2310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmission of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) from animal production systems to humans through the food supply is a public health concern. Currently, little is known about the prevalence of AMR among veal calves in the United States. Therefore, the objective of this prospective cohort study was to estimate the prevalence of AMR and multidrug resistance (MDR) among Escherichia coli within a vertically integrated production system. In addition, this study aimed to identify genes associated with phenotypic resistance to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins (3GC and 4GC). Calves from four veal cohorts were randomly sampled resulting in a total of 166 farm fecal samples, 159 harvest fecal swabs, 164 preevisceration swabs, and 122 final carcass swabs. The prevalence of MDR among random-pick E. coli isolates recovered from the respective samples was 97% (161/166), 35% (55/159), 61% (51/84), and 24% (5/21). A selective isolation protocol found cefotaxime (a 3GC)-resistant isolates in 91% (127/140) of farm fecal samples, 34% (55/164) of preevisceration swabs, and 19% (23/122) of final carcass swabs tested. Isolates resistant to cefepime, a 4GC, were found among 24% (33/140), 6.7% (11/164), and 0.8% (1/122) of the same, respective samples. Isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone, were recovered from 75% (73/98) of farm fecal samples, 23% (38/164) of preevisceration swabs, and 6.6% (8/122) of final carcass swabs. The blaCMY-2 and blaCTX-M resistance genes were found in 89% (93/105) and 100% (42/42) of tested subsets of 3GC- and 4GC-resistant isolates, respectively. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis conducted on 3GC- and fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates showed three indistinguishable PFGE patterns from cefotaxime-resistant isolates recovered at farm and from two preevisceration carcass swabs. Although the prevalence of resistance declined between initial farm fecal samples and final carcass swabs, resistant bacteria recovered from carcasses illustrate the potential transmission of AMR to the human food supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holden Hutchinson
- 1 Department of Animal Sciences, College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sarah Finney
- 2 Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Lohendy Muñoz-Vargas
- 2 Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sydnee Feicht
- 2 Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Margaret Masterson
- 2 Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Gregory Habing
- 2 Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
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11
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Poole TL, Callaway TR, Norman KN, Scott HM, Loneragan GH, Ison SA, Beier RC, Harhay DM, Norby B, Nisbet DJ. Transferability of antimicrobial resistance from multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from cattle in the USA to E. coli and Salmonella Newport recipients. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2017; 11:123-132. [PMID: 28801276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate conjugative transfer of cephalosporin resistance among 100 strains of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli (MDRE) to Salmonella enterica serotype Newport and E. coli DH5α recipients. METHODS Phenotypic and genotypic profiles were determined for MDRE as well as for Salmonella Newport (trSN) and E. coli DH5α (trDH) transconjugants. RESULTS Of 95 MDRE donor isolates, 26 (27%) and 27 (28%) transferred resistance to trSN and trDH recipients, respectively. A total of 27 MDRE (27%) were confirmed as extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producers based on the double-disk synergy assay and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). WGS was performed on 25 of the ESBL-producing isolates, showing that 2 isolates carried blaCTX-M-6, 22 possessed blaCTX-M-32 and 1 was negative for blaCTX-M genes. Fourteen of the ESBLs sequenced were qnrB19. Differential transfer of IncA/C and IncN from MDRE32 was observed between trSN32 and trDH32. IncN-positive trDH32 displayed an ESBL phenotype, whereas IncA/C-positive trSN32 displayed an AmpC phenotype. The rate of ESBL transfer to trSN and trDH recipients was 11% and 96%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Twenty-seven MDRE were phenotypically identified as ESBL-producers. WGS of 25 MDRE revealed that 2 and 22 isolates carried blaCTX-M-6 and blaCTX-M-32, respectively. One multidrug-resistant isolate exhibited conversion from an AmpC phenotype to an ESBL phenotype with the transfer of only the IncN plasmid. The rate of resistance transfer to Salmonella or E. coli recipients was nearly identical. However, the ESBL phenotype was transferred with significantly greater prevalence to E. coli compared with Salmonella Newport (96% and 11%, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Poole
- USDA/ARS/SPARC, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA.
| | - T R Callaway
- USDA/ARS/SPARC, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - K N Norman
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences (TAMU/CVM), College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - H M Scott
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, TAMU/CVM, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - G H Loneragan
- Texas Tech University (TTU), Department of Animal and Food Science, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - S A Ison
- Texas Tech University (TTU), Department of Animal and Food Science, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - R C Beier
- USDA/ARS/SPARC, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - D M Harhay
- USDA/ARS/MARC, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA
| | - B Norby
- Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine (MSU-CVM), Large Animal Clinical Sciences, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - D J Nisbet
- USDA/ARS/SPARC, 2881 F&B Road, College Station, TX 77845, USA
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12
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Colavecchio A, Cadieux B, Lo A, Goodridge LD. Bacteriophages Contribute to the Spread of Antibiotic Resistance Genes among Foodborne Pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae Family - A Review. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1108. [PMID: 28676794 PMCID: PMC5476706 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Foodborne illnesses continue to have an economic impact on global health care systems. There is a growing concern regarding the increasing frequency of antibiotic resistance in foodborne bacterial pathogens and how such resistance may affect treatment outcomes. In an effort to better understand how to reduce the spread of resistance, many research studies have been conducted regarding the methods by which antibiotic resistance genes are mobilized and spread between bacteria. Transduction by bacteriophages (phages) is one of many horizontal gene transfer mechanisms, and recent findings have shown phage-mediated transduction to be a significant contributor to dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes. Here, we review the viability of transduction as a contributing factor to the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes in foodborne pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae family, including non-typhoidal Salmonella and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, as well as environmental factors that increase transduction of antibiotic resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Colavecchio
- Food Safety and Quality Program, Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-BellevueQC, Canada
| | - Brigitte Cadieux
- Food Safety and Quality Program, Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-BellevueQC, Canada
| | - Amanda Lo
- Food Safety and Quality Program, Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-BellevueQC, Canada
| | - Lawrence D Goodridge
- Food Safety and Quality Program, Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-BellevueQC, Canada
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13
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Wedley AL, Dawson S, Maddox TW, Coyne KP, Pinchbeck GL, Clegg P, Nuttall T, Kirchner M, Williams NJ. Carriage of antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli in dogs: Prevalence, associated risk factors and molecular characteristics. Vet Microbiol 2016; 199:23-30. [PMID: 28110781 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Resistance to antimicrobials, in particular that mediated by extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) and AmpC β-lactamases are frequently reported in bacteria causing canine disease as well as in commensal bacteria, which could be a potential health risk for humans they come into contact with. This cross-sectional study aimed to estimate the prevalence and investigate the molecular characteristics of ESBL and plasmid encoded AmpC (pAmpC)-producing E. coli in the mainland UK vet-visiting canine population and, using responses from detailed questionnaires identify factors associated with their carriage. Faecal samples were cultured for antimicrobial resistant (AMR), ESBL and pAmpC-producing E. coli. A subset of ESBL and pAmpC-producing isolates were subjected to multi-locus sequence typing and DNA microarray analyses. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to construct models to identify risk factors associated with multidrug resistant (MDR, resistance to three or more antimicrobial classes), fluoroquinolone resistant, ESBL and AmpC-producing E. coli. AMR E.coli were isolated from 44.8% (n=260) of samples, with 1.9% and 7.1% of samples carrying ESBL and pAmpC-producing E. coli, respectively. MDR E. coli were identified in 18.3% of samples. Recent use of antimicrobials and being fed raw poultry were both identified as risk factors in the outcomes investigated. A number of virulence and resistance genes were identified, including genes associated with extra-intestinal and enteropathogenic E. coli genotypes. Considering the close contact that people have with dogs, the high levels of AMR E. coli in canine faeces may be a potential reservoir of AMR bacteria or resistance determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Wedley
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Susan Dawson
- School of Veterinary Science, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Thomas W Maddox
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Karen P Coyne
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Gina L Pinchbeck
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Peter Clegg
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Tim Nuttall
- School of Veterinary Science, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Miranda Kirchner
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Department of Bacteriology, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK
| | - Nicola J Williams
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Institute of Infection and Global Health, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, CH64 7TE, UK.
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14
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Cummings KJ, Perkins GA, Khatibzadeh SM, Warnick LD, Aprea VA, Altier C. Antimicrobial resistance trends amongSalmonellaisolates obtained from horses in the northeastern United States (2001–2013). Am J Vet Res 2016; 77:505-13. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.77.5.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Kempf AJ, Hulsebus HJ, Akbar S. Multiple Plasmids Contribute to Antibiotic Resistance and Macrophage Survival In Vitro in CMY2-Bearing Salmonella enterica. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2016; 13:398-404. [PMID: 27070176 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2015.2067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple drug resistance (MDR) in bacteria represents a notable problem but if carried on plasmid their spread could become a significant threat to public health. Plasmids in members of the Enterobacteriaceae family and in particular Salmonella and Escherichia coli strains have been implicated in the spread of antibiotic resistance genes. However, the mechanisms involved in the transfer of plasmid-borne resistance genes are not fully understood. Here, we analyzed the ability of Salmonella enterica clinical isolates to transfer plasmid-borne MDR to E. coli. We also determined whether possession of an Inc A/C plasmid by a S. enterica isolate would confer increased fitness compared to an isolate not carrying the plasmid. Sixteen human and animal isolates of S. enterica were screened using a three-panel multiplex PCR assay, and simplex PCR for the blaCMY-2 gene. Using these data we selected a suitable strain as a plasmid donor for the construction of a new Salmonella strain with an Inc A/C plasmid. This allowed us to compare isogenic strains with and without the Inc A/C plasmid in multiple growth, fitness, and invasion assays. The results showed that possession of Inc A/C plasmid confers significant fitness advantage when tested in J774 macrophages as opposed to HEp-2 cells where no significant difference was found. In addition, stress assays performed in vitro showed that the possession of this large plasmid by Salmonella strains tested here does not appear to incur a significant fitness cost. Gaining a better understanding of molecular mechanisms of plasmid transfer between pathogenic bacteria will allow us to characterize the role of MDR in pathogenicity of bacteria and to identify methods to reduce the frequency of dissemination of multiple antibiotic resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen J Kempf
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Des Moines University , Des Moines, Iowa
| | - Holly J Hulsebus
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Des Moines University , Des Moines, Iowa
| | - Samina Akbar
- 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Des Moines University , Des Moines, Iowa.,2 College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University , Indianapolis, Indiana
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16
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Hsieh YC, Poole TL, Runyon M, Hume M, Herrman TJ. Prevalence of Nontyphoidal Salmonella and Salmonella Strains with Conjugative Antimicrobial-Resistant Serovars Contaminating Animal Feed in Texas. J Food Prot 2016; 79:194-204. [PMID: 26818979 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to characterize 365 nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica isolates from animal feed. Among the 365 isolates, 78 serovars were identified. Twenty-four isolates (7.0%) were recovered from three of six medicated feed types. Three of these isolates derived from the medicated feed, Salmonella Newport, Salmonella Typhimurium var. O 5- (Copenhagen), and Salmonella Lexington var. 15+ (Manila), displayed antimicrobial resistance. Susceptibility testing revealed that only 3.0% (12) of the 365 isolates displayed resistance to any of the antimicrobial agents. These 12 isolates were recovered from unmedicated dry beef feed (n = 3), medicated dry beef feed (n = 3), cabbage culls (n = 2), animal protein products (n = 2), dry dairy cattle feed (n = 1), and fish meal (n = 1). Only Salmonella Newport and Salmonella Typhimurium var. O 5- (Copenhagen) were multidrug resistant. Both isolates possessed the IncA/C replicon and the blaCMY-2 gene associated with cephalosporin resistance. Plasmid replicons were amplified from 4 of 12 resistant isolates. Plasmids (40 kb) were Salmonella Montevideo and Salmonella Kentucky. Conjugation experiments were done using 7 of the 12 resistant isolates as donors. Only Salmonella Montevideo, possessing a plasmid and amplifying IncN, produced transconjugants. Transconjugants displayed the same antimicrobial resistance profile as did the donor isolate. Three isolates that amplified replicons corresponding to IncA/C or IncHI2 did not produce transconjugants at 30 or 37°C. The results of this study suggest that the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella contaminating animal feed is low in Texas. However, Salmonella was more prevalent in feed by-products; fish meal had the highest prevalence (84%) followed by animal protein products (48%). Ten of the 35 feed types had no Salmonella contamination. Further investigation is needed to understand the possible role of specific feed types in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Cheng Hsieh
- Office of the Texas State Chemist, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas A&M University System, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
| | - Toni L Poole
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
| | - Mick Runyon
- Office of the Texas State Chemist, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas A&M University System, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Michael Hume
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, Texas 77845, USA
| | - Timothy J Herrman
- Office of the Texas State Chemist, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Texas A&M University System, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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17
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Fitch FM, Carmo-Rodrigues MS, Oliveira VGS, Gaspari MV, Dos Santos A, de Freitas JB, Pignatari ACC. β-Lactam Resistance Genes: Characterization, Epidemiology, and First Detection of blaCTX-M-1 and blaCTX-M-14 in Salmonella spp. Isolated from Poultry in Brazil-Brazil Ministry of Agriculture's Pathogen Reduction Program. Microb Drug Resist 2015; 22:164-71. [PMID: 26380894 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2015.0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. are widespread in nature; however, human infections occur mainly through ingestion of contaminated food, specially poultry and eggs. In Brazil, the Ministry of Agriculture (MAPA) oversees food production in general, with the goal of preventing transmission of pathogens through the food chain. In 2004, MAPA initiated a program to monitor and control levels of Salmonella in poultry during slaughter. This study analyzes isolates from MAPA's program for β-lactam resistance and the resistance genes involved, as well as the geographic distributions of potentially clonal populations of resistant isolates within Brazil. Initially, 1,939 Salmonella spp. isolated between 2004 and 2011 were examined. These isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, and 100 isolates resistant or intermediate to ampicillin and ceftriaxone were screened initially for the presence of blaSHV, blaTEM, blaOXA, blaPSA, blaCMY-1, and blaCMY-2 genes. There were 55 isolates whose resistance genes were not identified by this panel and these isolates are the subject of this report. These 55 isolates were differentiated into 31 distinct ribogroups, with multiple β-lactam resistance genes, including AmpC blaCMY, blaTEM, blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-8, and blaCTX-M-14. Isolates carrying variants of blaCTX-M were identified in three geographic regions. Salmonella carrying particular genetic variants of blaCTX-M and belonging to the same ribogroup were identified from multiple poultry slaughtering facilities. In some instances, these presumptive clonal-related isolates were from facilities over 300 miles apart, indicating potential clonal spread between two geographic regions. This is the first report of blaCTX-M-1 and blaCTX-M-14 in Salmonella in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Amaury Dos Santos
- 2 Ministry of Agriculture and Food Supply , LANAGRO, Campinas, Brazil
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18
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Eng SK, Pusparajah P, Ab Mutalib NS, Ser HL, Chan KG, Lee LH. Salmonella: A review on pathogenesis, epidemiology and antibiotic resistance. FRONTIERS IN LIFE SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/21553769.2015.1051243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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19
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Tagg KA, Iredell JR, Partridge SR. Complete sequencing of IncI1 sequence type 2 plasmid pJIE512b indicates mobilization of blaCMY-2 from an IncA/C plasmid. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:4949-52. [PMID: 24890591 PMCID: PMC4135994 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02773-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequencing of pJIE512b, a 92.3-kb IncI1 sequence type 2 (ST2) plasmid carrying bla(CMY-2), revealed a bla(CMY-2) context that appeared to have been mobilized from an IncA/C plasmid by the insertion sequence IS1294. A comparison with published plasmids suggests that bla(CMY-2) has been mobilized from IncA/C to IncI1 plasmids more than once by IS1294-like elements. Alignment of pJIE512b with the only other available IncI1 ST2 plasmid revealed differences across the backbones, indicating variability within this sequence type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin A Tagg
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Millennium Institute, and The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jonathan R Iredell
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Millennium Institute, and The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sally R Partridge
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Millennium Institute, and The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
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20
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Wang Y, Yang B, Wu Y, Zhang Z, Meng X, Xi M, Wang X, Xia X, Shi X, Wang D, Meng J. Molecular characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis on retail raw poultry in six provinces and two National cities in China. Food Microbiol 2014; 46:74-80. [PMID: 25475269 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
One hundred and twenty six Salmonella Enteritidis isolates recovered from 1152 retail raw poultries were characterized by antimicrobial susceptibility test, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), presence of quinolone resistance (Qnr) associated genes, Class I integron, extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) encoding genes, and mutations in quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of GyrA and ParC. Resistance was most frequently found to nalidixic acid (88.1%), followed by to tetracycline (65.9%), sulfisoxazole (65.1%), and ampicillin (61.9%), and a less extent to cefoxitin (8.7%), gatifloxacin (8.7%), levofloxacin (7.9%), ceftriaxone (7.1%), and ceftiofur (6.3%). One hundred and twenty three (98.4%) isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, and 93 (74.4%) to at least four antibiotics. aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrB, qnrA and qnrS genes were detected in 15 (11.9%), 11 (8.7%), 6 (4.8%) and 1 (0.8%) isolates, respectively. Amino acid substitutions of Ser83Tyr, Asp87Asn, Asp87Tyr, Asp87Gly and Ser83Phe/Asp87Asn were detected in QRDR of GyrA, Arg80Ser was the unique mutation in ParC. Eight isolates were detected with amino acid substitution both in GyrA and ParC. Three isolates carried Class I integron that harboring dfrA17-aadA5, dhfR1-aadA1, and dfrA1, respectively. Five isolates were detected carrying bla(TEM)-bla(ACC) (n = 1), bla(TEM) (n = 1), bla(TEM)-bla(OxA) (n = 3), respectively. Genetic diversities (D = 0.9255) were found among isolates based on PFGE analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Baowei Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
| | - Yun Wu
- Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, 830052, China
| | - Zengfeng Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiaofeng Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Meili Xi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xianming Shi
- Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Dapeng Wang
- Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Jianghong Meng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
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21
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Batchelor M, Threlfall EJ, Liebana E. Cephalosporin resistance among animal-associatedEnterobacteria: a current perspective. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 3:403-17. [PMID: 15954857 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.3.3.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Beta-lactam antimicrobials are an important class of drugs used for the treatment of infection. Resistance can arise by several mechanisms, including the acquisition of genes encoding beta-lactamases from other bacteria, alterations in cell membrane permeability and over expression of endogenous beta-lactamases. The acquisition of beta-lactamase resistance genes by both Salmonella and Escherichia coli appears to be on the rise, which may pose potential problems for the treatment of infections in both human and animal medicine. The prudent use of clinically important antimicrobials is therefore critical to maintain their effectiveness. Where possible, the use of newer generation cephalosporins should be limited in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Batchelor
- Food and Environmental Safety Department, Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Woodham lane, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK.
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22
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Wiesner M, Fernández-Mora M, Cevallos MA, Zavala-Alvarado C, Zaidi MB, Calva E, Silva C. Conjugative transfer of an IncA/C plasmid-borne blaCMY-2 gene through genetic re-arrangements with an IncX1 plasmid. BMC Microbiol 2013; 13:264. [PMID: 24262067 PMCID: PMC4222815 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-13-264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our observation that in the Mexican Salmonella Typhimurium population none of the ST19 and ST213 strains harbored both the Salmonella virulence plasmid (pSTV) and the prevalent IncA/C plasmid (pA/C) led us to hypothesize that restriction to horizontal transfer of these plasmids existed. We designed a conjugation scheme using ST213 strain YU39 as donor of the blaCMY-2 gene (conferring resistance to ceftriaxone; CRO) carried by pA/C, and two E. coli lab strains (DH5α and HB101) and two Typhimurium ST19 strains (SO1 and LT2) carrying pSTV as recipients. The aim of this study was to determine if the genetic background of the different recipient strains affected the transfer frequencies of pA/C. Results YU39 was able to transfer CRO resistance, via a novel conjugative mechanism, to all the recipient strains although at low frequencies (10-7 to 10-10). The presence of pSTV in the recipients had little effect on the conjugation frequency. The analysis of the transconjugants showed that three different phenomena were occurring associated to the transfer of blaCMY-2: 1) the co-integration of pA/C and pX1; 2) the transposition of the CMY region from pA/C to pX1; or 3) the rearrangement of pA/C. In addition, the co-lateral mobilization of a small (5 kb) ColE1-like plasmid was observed. The transconjugant plasmids involving pX1 re-arrangements (either via co-integration or ISEcp1-mediated transposition) obtained the capacity to conjugate at very high levels, similar to those found for pX1 (10-1). Two versions of the region containing blaCMY-2 were found to transpose to pX1: the large version was inserted into an intergenic region located where the “genetic load” operons are frequently inserted into pX1, while the short version was inserted into the stbDE operon involved in plasmid addiction system. This is the first study to report the acquisition of an extended spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)-resistance gene by an IncX1 plasmid. Conclusions We showed that the transfer of the YU39 blaCMY-2 gene harbored on a non- conjugative pA/C requires the machinery of a highly conjugative pX1 plasmid. Our experiments demonstrate the complex interactions a single strain can exploit to contend with the challenge of horizontal transfer and antibiotic selective pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wiesner
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 510-3, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
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23
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Hawkey J, Edwards DJ, Dimovski K, Hiley L, Billman-Jacobe H, Hogg G, Holt KE. Evidence of microevolution of Salmonella Typhimurium during a series of egg-associated outbreaks linked to a single chicken farm. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:800. [PMID: 24245509 PMCID: PMC3870983 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is one of the most frequent causes of foodborne outbreaks of gastroenteritis. Between 2005-2008 a series of S. Typhimurium outbreaks occurred in Tasmania, Australia, that were all traced to eggs originating from a single chicken farm. We sequenced the genomes of 12 isolates linked to these outbreaks, in order to investigate the microevolution of a pathogenic S. Typhimurium clone in a natural, spatiotemporally restricted population. RESULTS The isolates, which shared a phage type similar to DT135 known locally as 135@ or 135a, formed a clade within the S. Typhimurium population with close similarity to the reference genome SL1334 (160 single nucleotide polymorphisms, or SNPs). Ten of the isolates belonged to a single clone (<23 SNPs between isolate pairs) which likely represents the population of S. Typhimurium circulating at the chicken farm; the other two were from sporadic cases and were genetically distinct from this clone. Divergence dating indicated that all 12 isolates diverged from a common ancestor in the mid 1990 s, and the clone began to diversify in 2003-2004. This clone spilled out into the human population several times between 2005-2008, during which time it continued to accumulate SNPs at a constant rate of 3-5 SNPs per year or 1x10-6 substitutions site-1 year-1, faster than the longer-term (~50 year) rates estimated previously for S. Typhimurium. Our data suggest that roughly half of non-synonymous substitutions are rapidly removed from the S. Typhimurium population, after which purifying selection is no longer important and the remaining substitutions become fixed in the population. The S. Typhimurium 135@ isolates were nearly identical to SL1344 in terms of gene content and virulence plasmids. Their phage contents were close to SL1344, except that they carried a different variant of Gifsy-1, lacked the P2 remnant found in SL1344 and carried a novel P2 phage, P2-Hawk, in place SL1344's P2 phage SopEϕ. DT135 lacks P2 prophage. Two additional plasmids were identified in the S. Typhimurium 135@ isolates, pSTM2 and pSTM7. Both plasmids were IncI1, but phylogenetic analysis of the plasmids and their bacterial hosts shows these plasmids are genetically distinct and result from independent plasmid acquisition events. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a high-resolution insight into short-term microevolution of the important human pathogen S. Typhimurium. It indicates that purifying selection occurs rapidly in this population (≤ 6 years) and then declines, and provides an estimate for the short-term substitution rate. The latter is likely to be more relevant for foodborne outbreak investigation than previous estimates based on longer time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kathryn E Holt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Kanwar N, Scott HM, Norby B, Loneragan GH, Vinasco J, McGowan M, Cottell JL, Chengappa MM, Bai J, Boerlin P. Effects of ceftiofur and chlortetracycline treatment strategies on antimicrobial susceptibility and on tet(A), tet(B), and bla CMY-2 resistance genes among E. coli isolated from the feces of feedlot cattle. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80575. [PMID: 24260423 PMCID: PMC3834275 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A randomized controlled field trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of two sets of treatment strategies on ceftiofur and tetracycline resistance in feedlot cattle. The strategies consisted of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid (CCFA) administered to either one or all of the steers within a pen, followed by feeding or not feeding a therapeutic dose of chlortetracycline (CTC). Eighty-eight steers were randomly allocated to eight pens of 11 steers each. Both treatment regimens were randomly assigned to the pens in a two-way full factorial design. Non-type-specific (NTS) E. coli (n = 1,050) were isolated from fecal samples gathered on Days 0, 4, 12, and 26. Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were determined using a microbroth dilution technique. PCR was used to detect tet(A), tet(B), and bla CMY-2 genes within each isolate. Chlortetracycline administration greatly exacerbated the already increased levels of both phenotypic and genotypic ceftiofur resistance conferred by prior CCFA treatment (P<0.05). The four treatment regimens also influenced the phenotypic multidrug resistance count of NTS E. coli populations. Chlortetracycline treatment alone was associated with an increased probability of selecting isolates that harbored tet(B) versus tet(A) (P<0.05); meanwhile, there was an inverse association between finding tet(A) versus tet(B) genes for any given regimen (P<0.05). The presence of a tet(A) gene was associated with an isolate exhibiting reduced phenotypic susceptibility to a higher median number of antimicrobials (n = 289, median = 6; 95% CI = 4-8) compared with the tet(B) gene (n = 208, median = 3; 95% CI = 3-4). Results indicate that CTC can exacerbate ceftiofur resistance following CCFA therapy and therefore should be avoided, especially when considering their use in sequence. Further studies are required to establish the animal-level effects of co-housing antimicrobial-treated and non-treated animals together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neena Kanwar
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - H. Morgan Scott
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Bo Norby
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Guy H. Loneragan
- International Center for Food Industry Excellence, Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural resources, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States of America
| | - Javier Vinasco
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Matthew McGowan
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Jennifer L. Cottell
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Muckatira M. Chengappa
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Jianfa Bai
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Patrick Boerlin
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Frye JG, Jackson CR. Genetic mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance identified in Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, and Enteroccocus spp. isolated from U.S. food animals. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:135. [PMID: 23734150 PMCID: PMC3661942 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AR) in bacteria isolated from U.S. food animals has increased over the last several decades as have concerns of AR foodborne zoonotic human infections. Resistance mechanisms identified in U.S. animal isolates of Salmonella enterica included resistance to aminoglycosides (e.g., alleles of aacC, aadA, aadB, ant, aphA, and StrAB), β-lactams (e.g., blaCMY−2, TEM−1, PSE−1), chloramphenicol (e.g., floR, cmlA, cat1, cat2), folate pathway inhibitors (e.g., alleles of sul and dfr), and tetracycline [e.g., alleles of tet(A), (B), (C), (D), (G), and tetR]. In the U.S., multi-drug resistance (MDR) mechanisms in Salmonella animal isolates were associated with integrons, or mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as IncA/C plasmids which can be transferred among bacteria. It is thought that AR Salmonella originates in food animals and is transmitted through food to humans. However, some AR Salmonella isolated from humans in the U.S. have different AR elements than those isolated from food animals, suggesting a different etiology for some AR human infections. The AR mechanisms identified in isolates from outside the U.S. are also predominantly different. For example the extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are found in human and animal isolates globally; however, in the U.S., ESBLs thus far have only been found in human and not food animal isolates. Commensal bacteria in animals including Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. may be reservoirs for AR mechanisms. Many of the AR genes and MGEs found in E. coli isolated from U.S. animals are similar to those found in Salmonella. Enterococcus spp. isolated from animals frequently carry MGEs with AR genes, including resistances to aminoglycosides (e.g., alleles of aac, ant, and aph), macrolides [e.g., erm(A), erm(B), and msrC], and tetracyclines [e.g., tet(K), (L), (M), (O), (S)]. Continuing investigations are required to help understand and mitigate the impact of AR bacteria on human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G Frye
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture Athens, GA, USA
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Schmidt JW, Griffin D, Kuehn LA, Brichta-Harhay DM. Influence of therapeutic ceftiofur treatments of feedlot cattle on fecal and hide prevalences of commensal Escherichia coli resistant to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins, and molecular characterization of resistant isolates. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:2273-83. [PMID: 23354706 PMCID: PMC3623230 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03592-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the United States, the blaCMY-2 gene contained within incompatibility type A/C (IncA/C) plasmids is frequently identified in extended-spectrum-cephalosporin-resistant (ESC(r)) Escherichia coli strains from both human and cattle sources. Concerns have been raised that therapeutic use of ceftiofur in cattle may increase the prevalence of ESC(r) E. coli. We report that herd ESC(r) E. coli fecal and hide prevalences throughout the residency of cattle at a feedlot, including during the period of greatest ceftiofur use at the feedlot, were either not significantly different (P ≥ 0.05) or significantly less (P < 0.05) than the respective prevalences at arrival. Longitudinal sampling of cattle treated with ceftiofur demonstrated that once the transient increase of ESC(r) E. coli shedding that follows ceftiofur injection abated, ceftiofur-injected cattle were no more likely than untreated members of the same herd to shed ESC(r) E. coli. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) genotyping, antibiotic resistance phenotyping, screening for presence of the blaCMY-2 gene, and plasmid replicon typing were performed on 312 ESC(r) E. coli isolates obtained during six sampling periods spanning the 10-month residence of cattle at the feedlot. The identification of only 26 unique PFGE genotypes, 12 of which were isolated during multiple sampling periods, suggests that clonal expansion of feedlot-adapted blaCMY-2 E. coli strains contributed more to the persistence of blaCMY-2 than horizontal transfer of IncA/C plasmids between E. coli strains at this feedlot. We conclude that therapeutic use of ceftiofur at this cattle feedlot did not significantly increase the herd prevalence of ESC(r) E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Schmidt
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, USA.
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27
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Doyle MP, Loneragan GH, Scott HM, Singer RS. Antimicrobial Resistance: Challenges and Perspectives. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Doyle
- Center for Food Safety; The Univ. of Georgia; 1109 Experiment St. Griffin; GA 30223; USA
| | - Guy H. Loneragan
- Intl. Center for Food Industry Excellence; Texas Tech Univ., Dept. of Animal and Food Sciences; P.O. Box 42141; Lubbock; TX 79409; U.S.A
| | - H. Morgan Scott
- Dept. of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology; Kansas State Univ.; 332 Coles Hall; Manhattan; KS 66506; USA
| | - Randall S. Singer
- Dept. of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Univ. of Minnesota; 1971 Commonwealth Ave.; St. Paul; MN 55108; USA
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28
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Glenn LM, Lindsey RL, Folster JP, Pecic G, Boerlin P, Gilmour MW, Harbottle H, Zhao S, McDermott PF, Fedorka-Cray PJ, Frye JG. Antimicrobial resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica isolated from animals, retail meats, and humans in the United States and Canada. Microb Drug Resist 2013; 19:175-84. [PMID: 23350745 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2012.0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is a prevalent foodborne pathogen that can carry multidrug resistance (MDR) and pose a threat to human health. Identifying the genetics associated with MDR in Salmonella isolated from animals, foods, and humans can help determine sources of MDR in food animals and their impact on humans. S. enterica serovars most frequently carrying MDR from healthy animals, retail meats, and human infections in the United States and Canada were identified and isolates resistant to the largest number of antimicrobials were chosen. Isolates were from U.S. slaughter (n=12), retail (9), and humans (9), and Canadian slaughter (9), retail (9), and humans (8; total n=56). These isolates were assayed by microarray for antimicrobial resistance and MDR plasmid genes. Genes detected encoded resistance to aminoglycosides (alleles of aac, aad, aph, strA/B); beta-lactams (bla(TEM), bla(CMY), bla(PSE-1)); chloramphenicol (cat, flo, cmlA); sulfamethoxazole (sulI); tetracycline (tet(A, B, C, D) and tetR); and trimethoprim (dfrA). Hybridization with IncA/C plasmid gene probes indicated that 27/56 isolates carried one of these plasmids; however, they differed in several variable regions. Cluster analysis based on genes detected separated most of the isolates into two groups, one with IncA/C plasmids and one without IncA/C plasmids. Other plasmid replicons were detected in all but one isolate, and included I1 (25/56), N (23/56), and FIB (10/56). The presence of different mobile elements along with similar resistance genes suggest that these genetic elements may acquire similar resistance cassettes, and serve as multiple sources for MDR in Salmonella from food animals, retail meats, and human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- LaShanda M Glenn
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Richard B. Russell Research Center, Athens, GA 30605, USA
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29
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Folster JP, Pecic G, Singh A, Duval B, Rickert R, Ayers S, Abbott J, McGlinchey B, Bauer-Turpin J, Haro J, Hise K, Zhao S, Fedorka-Cray PJ, Whichard J, McDermott PF. Characterization of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg isolated from food animals, retail meat, and humans in the United States 2009. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2012; 9:638-45. [PMID: 22755514 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2012.1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is one of the most common causes of foodborne illness in the United States. Although salmonellosis is usually self-limiting, severe infections typically require antimicrobial treatment, and ceftriaxone, an extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC), is commonly used in both adults and children. Surveillance conducted by the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) has shown a recent increase in ESC resistance among Salmonella Heidelberg isolated from food animals at slaughter, retail meat, and humans. ESC resistance among Salmonella in the United States is usually mediated by a plasmid-encoded bla(CMY) β-lactamase. In 2009, we identified 47 ESC-resistant bla(CMY)-positive Heidelberg isolates from humans (n=18), food animals at slaughter (n=16), and retail meats (n=13) associated with a spike in the prevalence of this serovar. Almost 90% (26/29) of the animal and meat isolates were isolated from chicken carcasses or retail chicken meat. We screened NARMS isolates for the presence of bla(CMY), determined whether the gene was plasmid-encoded, examined pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns to assess the genetic diversities of the isolates, and categorized the bla(CMY) plasmids by plasmid incompatibility groups and plasmid multi-locus sequence typing (pMLST). All 47 bla(CMY) genes were found to be plasmid encoded. Incompatibility/replicon typing demonstrated that 41 were IncI1 plasmids, 40 of which only conferred bla(CMY)-associated resistance. Six were IncA/C plasmids that carried additional resistance genes. pMLST of the IncI1-bla(CMY) plasmids showed that 27 (65.8%) were sequence type (ST) 12, the most common ST among bla(CMY)-IncI1 plasmids from Heidelberg isolated from humans. Ten plasmids had a new ST profile, ST66, a type very similar to ST12. This work showed that the 2009 increase in ESC resistance among Salmonella Heidelberg was caused mainly by the dissemination of bla(CMY) on IncI1 and IncA/C plasmids in a variety of genetic backgrounds, and is likely not the result of clonal expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Folster
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA.
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Carattoli A, Villa L, Poirel L, Bonnin RA, Nordmann P. Evolution of IncA/C blaCMY-₂-carrying plasmids by acquisition of the blaNDM-₁ carbapenemase gene. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012; 56:783-6. [PMID: 22123704 PMCID: PMC3264282 DOI: 10.1128/aac.05116-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 11/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The bla(NDM-1) gene has been reported to be often located on broad-host-range plasmids of the IncA/C type in clinical but also environmental bacteria recovered from the New Delhi, India, area. IncA/C-type plasmids are the main vehicles for the spread of the cephalosporinase gene bla(CMY-2), frequently identified in the United States, Canada, and Europe. In this study, we completed the sequence of IncA/C plasmid pNDM-KN carrying the bla(NDM-1) gene, recovered from a Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from Kenya. This sequence was compared with those of three IncA/C-type reference plasmids from Escherichia coli, Yersinia ruckeri, and Photobacterium damselae. Comparative analysis showed that the bla(NDM-1) gene was located on a widely diffused plasmid scaffold known to be responsible for the spread of bla(CMY-2)-like genes and consequently for resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins. Considering that IncA/C plasmids possess a broad host range, this scaffold might support a large-scale diffusion of the bla(NDM-1) gene among Gram-negative rods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Carattoli
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immuno-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Villa
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic, and Immuno-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Laurent Poirel
- Service de Bactériologie-Virologie, INSERM U914 Emerging Resistance to Antibiotics, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Faculté de Médecine et Université Paris-Sud, K.-Bicêtre, France
| | - Rémy A. Bonnin
- Service de Bactériologie-Virologie, INSERM U914 Emerging Resistance to Antibiotics, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Faculté de Médecine et Université Paris-Sud, K.-Bicêtre, France
| | - Patrice Nordmann
- Service de Bactériologie-Virologie, INSERM U914 Emerging Resistance to Antibiotics, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Faculté de Médecine et Université Paris-Sud, K.-Bicêtre, France
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Tian GB, Wang HN, Zhang AY, Zhang Y, Fan WQ, Xu CW, Zeng B, Guan ZB, Zou LK. Detection of clinically important β-lactamases in commensal Escherichia coli of human and swine origin in western China. J Med Microbiol 2012; 61:233-238. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.036806-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Bao Tian
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
- ‘985 Project’ Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern China, Sichuan, PR China
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Hong-Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
- ‘985 Project’ Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern China, Sichuan, PR China
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, PR China
| | - An-Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
- ‘985 Project’ Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern China, Sichuan, PR China
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
- ‘985 Project’ Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern China, Sichuan, PR China
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Wen-Qiao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
- ‘985 Project’ Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern China, Sichuan, PR China
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Chang-Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
- ‘985 Project’ Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern China, Sichuan, PR China
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Bo Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
- ‘985 Project’ Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern China, Sichuan, PR China
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Zhong-Bin Guan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
- ‘985 Project’ Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern China, Sichuan, PR China
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Li-Kou Zou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
- ‘985 Project’ Science Innovative Platform for Resource and Environment Protection of Southwestern China, Sichuan, PR China
- School of Life Science, Sichuan University, Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, PR China
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Folster JP, Pecic G, McCullough A, Rickert R, Whichard JM. Characterization of blaCMY-Encoding Plasmids Among Salmonella Isolated in the United States in 2007. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2011; 8:1289-94. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2011.0944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jason P. Folster
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- IHRC, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Gary Pecic
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- IHRC, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Andre McCullough
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
- IHRC, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Regan Rickert
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jean M. Whichard
- Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Fernández-Alarcón C, Singer RS, Johnson TJ. Comparative genomics of multidrug resistance-encoding IncA/C plasmids from commensal and pathogenic Escherichia coli from multiple animal sources. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23415. [PMID: 21858108 PMCID: PMC3155540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Incompatibility group A/C (IncA/C) plasmids have received recent attention for their broad host range and ability to confer resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents. Due to the potential spread of multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotypes from foodborne pathogens to human pathogens, the dissemination of these plasmids represents a public health risk. In this study, four animal-source IncA/C plasmids isolated from Escherichia coli were sequenced and analyzed, including isolates from commercial dairy cows, pigs and turkeys in the U.S. and Chile. These plasmids were initially selected because they either contained the floR and tetA genes encoding for florfenicol and tetracycline resistance, respectively, and/or the blaCMY-2 gene encoding for extended spectrum β-lactamase resistance. Overall, sequence analysis revealed that each of the four plasmids retained a remarkably stable and conserved backbone sequence, with differences observed primarily within their accessory regions, which presumably have evolved via horizontal gene transfer events involving multiple modules. Comparison of these plasmids with other available IncA/C plasmid sequences further defined the core and accessory elements of these plasmids in E. coli and Salmonella. Our results suggest that the blaCMY-2 plasmid lineage appears to have derived from an ancestral IncA/C plasmid type harboring floR-tetAR-strAB and Tn21-like accessory modules. Evidence is mounting that IncA/C plasmids are widespread among enteric bacteria of production animals and these emergent plasmids have flexibility in their acquisition of MDR-encoding modules, necessitating further study to understand the evolutionary mechanisms involved in their dissemination and stability in bacterial populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Fernández-Alarcón
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Randall S. Singer
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Timothy J. Johnson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Glenn LM, Lindsey RL, Frank JF, Meinersmann RJ, Englen MD, Fedorka-Cray PJ, Frye JG. Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes Detected in Multidrug-ResistantSalmonella entericaSerovar Typhimurium Isolated from Food Animals. Microb Drug Resist 2011; 17:407-18. [DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2010.0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- LaShanda M. Glenn
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia
| | - Rebecca L. Lindsey
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia
| | - Joseph F. Frank
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Richard J. Meinersmann
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia
| | - Mark D. Englen
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia
| | - Paula J. Fedorka-Cray
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia
| | - Jonathan G. Frye
- Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Athens, Georgia
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Peterson G, Kumar A, Gart E, Narayanan S. Catecholamines increase conjugative gene transfer between enteric bacteria. Microb Pathog 2011; 51:1-8. [PMID: 21419838 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2011.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The ability of pathogenic bacteria to sense and respond to periods of host stress is critical to their lifestyle. Adrenaline and norepinephrine are catecholamines that mediate acute host stress in vertebrates and invertebrates. Catecholamines are also used as environmental cues to enhance growth, motility and virulence of bacterial pathogens via specific binding receptors. Incidence of multidrug resistant and highly virulent bacterial pathogens is on the rise, and majority of the genes for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence are carried on horizontally transferable genetic elements. Conjugation machinery offers an efficient method for acquisition of AMR and virulence genes, which may be responsible for propelling the evolution of pathogenic bacteria. Here we show that norepinephrine (NE) at physiological concentrations enhances horizontal gene transfer (HGT) efficiencies of a conjugative plasmid from a clinical strain of Salmonella Typhimurium to an Escherichia coli recipient in vitro. Expressions of plasmid encoded transfer (tra) genes necessary for conjugation were also significantly upregulated in the presence of NE. Phentolamine, an α-adrenergic receptor antagonist, negated the effects of NE on conjugation more strongly than propranolol, a β-adrenergic receptor antagonist. This study for the first time provides evidence that innate mediators of acute host stress may influence evolution and adaptation of bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg Peterson
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, K-246 Mosier Hall, 1800 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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Diversity of multidrug-resistant salmonella enterica strains associated with cattle at harvest in the United States. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:1783-96. [PMID: 21239549 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01885-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and diversity of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica strains associated with cattle at harvest in the United States were examined. Hides and carcasses of cattle were sampled at processing plants (n = 6) located in four geographically distant regions from July 2005 to April 2006. The mean prevalences of Salmonella on hides, preevisceration carcasses (immediately after hide removal), and postintervention carcasses (in the chiller and after the full complement of interventions) were 89.6%, 50.2%, and 0.8%, respectively. The values for MDR Salmonella enterica strains (defined as those resistant to two or more antimicrobials) as percentages of Salmonella prevalence were 16.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.3 to 25.1%; median percent prevalence, 6.9%), 11.7% (95% CI, 4.4 to 19.0%; median, 4.8%), and 0.33% (95% CI, -0.3 to 0.70%; median, 0%), respectively. In this study, 16,218 Salmonella hide and carcass isolates were screened for antimicrobial resistance. Of these, 978 (6.0%) unique MDR S. enterica isolates were identified and serotyped and their XbaI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles determined. The predominant MDR S. enterica serotypes observed were Newport (53.1%), Typhimurium (16.6%), and Uganda (10.9%). Differences in MDR S. enterica prevalence were detected, and PFGE analysis revealed both epidemic clusters (profiles found in plants in multiple regions/seasons) and endemic clusters (profiles observed in plants in limited regions/seasons) within several of the MDR serotypes examined. Despite these differences, multiple-hurdle processing interventions employed at all plants were found to be quite effective and decreased Salmonella carcass contamination by 98.4% (95% CI, 97.6 to 99.7%).
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Wiesner M, Calva E, Fernández-Mora M, Cevallos MA, Campos F, Zaidi MB, Silva C. Salmonella Typhimurium ST213 is associated with two types of IncA/C plasmids carrying multiple resistance determinants. BMC Microbiol 2011; 11:9. [PMID: 21223599 PMCID: PMC3025833 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-11-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salmonella Typhimurium ST213 was first detected in the Mexican Typhimurium population in 2001. It is associated with a multi-drug resistance phenotype and a plasmid-borne blaCMY-2 gene conferring resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins. The objective of the current study was to examine the association between the ST213 genotype and blaCMY-2 plasmids. Results The blaCMY-2 gene was carried by an IncA/C plasmid. ST213 strains lacking the blaCMY-2 gene carried a different IncA/C plasmid. PCR analysis of seven DNA regions distributed throughout the plasmids showed that these IncA/C plasmids were related, but the presence and absence of DNA stretches produced two divergent types I and II. A class 1 integron (dfrA12, orfF and aadA2) was detected in most of the type I plasmids. Type I contained all the plasmids carrying the blaCMY-2 gene and a subset of plasmids lacking blaCMY-2. Type II included all of the remaining blaCMY-2-negative plasmids. A sequence comparison of the seven DNA regions showed that both types were closely related to IncA/C plasmids found in Escherichia, Salmonella, Yersinia, Photobacterium, Vibrio and Aeromonas. Analysis of our Typhimurium strains showed that the region containing the blaCMY-2 gene is inserted between traA and traC as a single copy, like in the E. coli plasmid pAR060302. The floR allele was identical to that of Newport pSN254, suggesting a mosaic pattern of ancestry with plasmids from other Salmonella serovars and E. coli. Only one of the tested strains was able to conjugate the IncA/C plasmid at very low frequencies (10-7 to 10-9). The lack of conjugation ability of our IncA/C plasmids agrees with the clonal dissemination trend suggested by the chromosomal backgrounds and plasmid pattern associations. Conclusions The ecological success of the newly emerging Typhimurium ST213 genotype in Mexico may be related to the carriage of IncA/C plasmids. We conclude that types I and II of IncA/C plasmids originated from a common ancestor and that the insertion and deletion of DNA stretches have shaped their evolutionary histories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wiesner
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, México
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SUGAWARA M, KOMORI J, KAWAKAMI M, IZUMIYA H, WATANABE H, AKIBA M. Molecular and Phenotypic Characteristics of CMY-2 .BETA.-Lactamase-Producing Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Isolated from Cattle in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2011; 73:345-9. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.10-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hidemasa IZUMIYA
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Haruo WATANABE
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
| | - Masato AKIBA
- Safety Research Team, National Institute of Animal Health
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Chander Y, Oliveira S, Goyal SM. Characterisation of ceftiofur resistance in swine bacterial pathogens. Vet J 2011; 187:139-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2008] [Revised: 09/02/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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40
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Sjölund-Karlsson M, Rickert R, Matar C, Pecic G, Howie RL, Joyce K, Medalla F, Barzilay EJ, Whichard JM. SalmonellaIsolates with Decreased Susceptibility to Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporins in the United States. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2010; 7:1503-9. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2010.0607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sjölund-Karlsson
- National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Regan Rickert
- Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Caline Matar
- National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Kevin Joyce
- National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Felicita Medalla
- National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Ezra J. Barzilay
- National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jean M. Whichard
- National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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M'ikanatha NM, Sandt CH, Localio AR, Tewari D, Rankin SC, Whichard JM, Altekruse SF, Lautenbach E, Folster JP, Russo A, Chiller TM, Reynolds SM, McDermott PF. Multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates from retail chicken meat compared with human clinical isolates. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2010; 7:929-34. [PMID: 20443729 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2009.0499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To examine the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella in chicken meat and correlate with isolates from ill humans. METHODS We isolated Salmonella from raw chicken purchased from a randomly selected sample of retail outlets in central Pennsylvania during 2006-2007. Salmonella isolates from meat were compared, using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, to isolates in the PulseNet database of Salmonella recovered from humans. RESULTS Of 378 chicken meat samples, 84 (22%) contained Salmonella. Twenty-six (31%) of the Salmonella isolates were resistant to > or = 3 antimicrobials and 18 (21%) were resistant to ceftiofur. All ceftiofur-resistant isolates exhibited reduced susceptibility (minimum inhibitory concentration >2 microg/mL) to ceftriaxone and carried a bla(CMY) gene, as detected by polymerase chain reaction. Among the 28 Salmonella serovar Typhimurium isolates, 20 (71.4%) were resistant to > or = 3 antimicrobials and 12 (42.9%) were resistant to ceftiofur. One ceftiofur-resistant Salmonella serovar Typhimurium poultry isolate exhibited a rare pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pattern indistinguishable from a human isolate in PulseNet; both isolates carried the bla(CMY-2) gene. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate the presence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella in poultry meat, including bla(CMY) plasmid-mediated genes that confer resistance to both ceftiofur, used in poultry, and ceftriaxone, used for treating salmonellosis in humans. This study illustrates the potential for molecular subtyping databases to identify related Salmonella isolates from meat and ill humans, and suggests that chicken could be a source for multidrug-resistant salmonellosis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkuchia M M'ikanatha
- Division of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Pennsylvania Department of Health, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17120, USA.
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Abstract
Salmonellosis caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Newport is a major global public health concern, particularly because S. Newport isolates that are resistant to multiple drugs (MDR), including third-generation cephalosporins (MDR-AmpC phenotype), have been commonly isolated from food animals. We analyzed 384 S. Newport isolates from various sources by a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme to study the evolution and population structure of the serovar. These were compared to the population structure of S. enterica serovars Enteritidis, Kentucky, Paratyphi B, and Typhimurium. Our S. Newport collection fell into three lineages, Newport-I, Newport-II, and Newport-III, each of which contained multiple sequence types (STs). Newport-I has only a few STs, unlike Newport-II or Newport-III, and has possibly emerged recently. Newport-I is more prevalent among humans in Europe than in North America, whereas Newport-II is preferentially associated with animals. Two STs of Newport-II encompassed all MDR-AmpC isolates, suggesting recent global spread after the acquisition of the bla(CMY-2) gene. In contrast, most Newport-III isolates were from humans in North America and were pansusceptible to antibiotics. Newport was intermediate in population structure to the other serovars, which varied from a single monophyletic lineage in S. Enteritidis or S. Typhimurium to four discrete lineages within S. Paratyphi B. Both mutation and homologous recombination are responsible for diversification within each of these lineages, but the relative frequencies differed with the lineage. We conclude that serovars of S. enterica provide a variety of different population structures.
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43
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Emergence of an IncI plasmid encoding CMY-2 -lactamase associated with the international ST19 OXA-30-producing -lactamase Salmonella Typhimurium multidrug-resistant clone. J Antimicrob Chemother 2010; 65:2097-100. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkq293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Chromosomally encoded blaCMY-2 located on a novel SXT/R391-related integrating conjugative element in a Proteus mirabilis clinical isolate. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54:3545-50. [PMID: 20566768 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00111-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrating conjugative elements (ICEs) are mobile genetic elements that can transfer from the chromosome of a host to the chromosome of a new host through the process of excision, conjugation, and integration. Although SXT/R391-related ICEs, originally demonstrated in Vibrio cholerae O139 isolates, have become prevalent among V. cholerae isolates in Asia, the prevalence of the ICEs among gram-negative bacteria other than Vibrio spp. remains unknown. In addition, SXT/R391-related ICEs carrying genes conferring resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins have never been described. Here we carried out a genetic analysis of a cefoxitin-resistant Proteus mirabilis clinical isolate, TUM4660, which revealed the presence of a novel SXT/R391-related ICE, ICEPmiJpn1. ICEPmiJpn1 had a core genetic structure showing high similarity to that of R391 and carried xis and int genes completely identical to those of R391, while an IS10-mediated composite transposon carrying bla(CMY-2) was integrated into the ICE. A nucleotide sequence identical to the 3' part of ISEcp1 was located upstream of the bla(CMY-2) gene, and other genes observed around bla(CMY-2) in earlier studies were also present. Furthermore, the nucleotide sequences of hot spot 2 and hot spot 4 in ICEPmiJpn1 showed high similarity to that of hot spot 2 in SXT(MO10) and with a part of the nucleotide sequence found in P. mirabilis ATCC 29906, respectively. ICEPmiJpn1 was successfully transferred to Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, and Citrobacter koseri in conjugation experiments. These observations suggest that ICEs may contribute to the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes among clinically relevant Enterobacteriaceae, which warrants careful observation of the prevalence of ICEs, including SXT/R391-related ICEs.
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Yang B, Qu D, Zhang X, Shen J, Cui S, Shi Y, Xi M, Sheng M, Zhi S, Meng J. Prevalence and characterization of Salmonella serovars in retail meats of marketplace in Shaanxi, China. Int J Food Microbiol 2010; 141:63-72. [PMID: 20493570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2009] [Revised: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A total of 764 retail meat including 515 chicken, 91 pork, 78 beef and 80 lamb samples were collected in Shaanxi Province of China in 2007-2008 to determine the prevalence of Salmonella. The isolates were characterized using serotyping, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and the presence of bla(CMY-2) and bla(TEM) and class I integrons. Selective serovars were further subtyped using PFGE. Approximately 54% (276) of chicken, 31% (28) of pork, 17% (13) of beef and 20% (16) of lamb samples were positive of Salmonella. Among 24 serovars identified, Enteritidis (31.5%) was most common, followed by Typhimurium (13.4%), Shubra (10.0%), Indiana (9.7%), Derby (9.5%) and Djugu (7.0%). Nearly 80% of the isolates (283) were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, and 53% (191) to more than three antimicrobials. Resistance was most frequently observed to sulfamethoxazole (67%), to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (58%) and to tetracycline (56%). Furthermore, many isolates were resistant to nalidixic acid (35%), ciprofloxacin (21%) and ceftriaxone (16%). Most isolates of Shubra (89%) and Indiana (88%) were resistant to > or = 9 antimicrobials, compared to only 11% of Enteritidis and 9% of Infantis that showed similar resistance. Class I integrons were detected in 10% of the isolates, and contained aadA, tetR, dhfr, bla(PSE-1), bla(DHA-1) and bla(VEB-1) gene cassettes alone or various combinations. Ceftriaxone- and/or cefoperazone-resistant isolates (n=62) carried bla(TEM) (51.6%) and/or bla(CMY-2) (56.5%). A total of 116 PFGE patterns were generated among 210 selected isolates. Our findings indicated that Salmonella contamination was common in retail meats, and that the Salmonella isolates were phenotypically and genetically diverse. Additionally, many Salmonella isolates were resistant to multiple antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baowei Yang
- Northwest A&F University, Shaanxi 712100, China
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46
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Folster JP, Pecic G, Bolcen S, Theobald L, Hise K, Carattoli A, Zhao S, McDermott PF, Whichard JM. Characterization of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg isolated from humans in the United States. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2010; 7:181-7. [PMID: 19785533 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2009.0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During the past decade, extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance has increased among human isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg, the fourth most common serotype in the United States. We therefore characterized 54 Heidelberg isolates with decreased susceptibility (minimum inhibitory concentrations >or=2 mg/L) to ceftriaxone or ceftiofur; 49 (90.7%) contained the CMY-type beta-lactamase (bla(CMY)) gene. The 49 bla(CMY)-positive human Heidelberg isolates demonstrated a high degree of relatedness; 4 clusters (25 isolates total) had indistinguishable XbaI and BlnI patterns by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and were indistinguishable from 42 retail meat Heidelberg isolates. Further characterization of 15 of these isolates demonstrated that all of the bla genes were bla(CMY-2) and plasmid-encoded, and most (11/15) of the plasmids were approximately 100 kb in size and belong to the incompatibility group I1 (IncI1). All five IncI1 plasmids tested by plasmid multilocus sequence typing analysis were ST12. This report suggests that extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance among human Heidelberg isolates is mediated by the spread of a common IncI1 bla(CMY-2) plasmid, which may have a preference for a particular genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason P Folster
- Division of Foodborne, Bacterial, and Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30329, USA
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47
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Boyle F, Morris D, O'Connor J, Delappe N, Ward J, Cormican M. First report of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky isolated from poultry in Ireland. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54:551-3. [PMID: 19884382 PMCID: PMC2798478 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00916-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Revised: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapy of invasive human salmonellosis is complicated by increasing antimicrobial resistance. Food animals are the principal source of infection with nontyphoid Salmonella. We report the emergence of broad-spectrum-cephalosporin resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky in poultry in Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Boyle
- Department of Bacteriology, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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48
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Heider LC, Hoet AE, Wittum TE, Khaitsa ML, Love BC, Huston CL, Morley PS, Funk JA, Gebreyes WA. Genetic and Phenotypic Characterization of theblaCMYGene fromEscherichia coliandSalmonella entericaIsolated from Food-Producing Animals, Humans, the Environment, and Retail Meat. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2009; 6:1235-40. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2009.0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luke C. Heider
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Armando E. Hoet
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
- Division of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Thomas E. Wittum
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Margaret L. Khaitsa
- Department of Veterinary and Microbiological Sciences, The College of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Natural Resources, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Brenda C. Love
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma
| | - Carla L. Huston
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi
| | - Paul S. Morley
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Animal Population Health Institute, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Julie A. Funk
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Wondwossen A. Gebreyes
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Poole TL, Edrington TS, Brichta-Harhay DM, Carattoli A, Anderson RC, Nisbet DJ. Conjugative Transferability of the A/C Plasmids from Salmonella enterica Isolates That Possess or Lack blaCMY in the A/C Plasmid Backbone. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2009; 6:1185-94. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2009.0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Toni L. Poole
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, College Station, Texas
| | - Tom S. Edrington
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, College Station, Texas
| | - Dayna M. Brichta-Harhay
- U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Clay Center, Nebraska
| | | | - Robin Carl Anderson
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, College Station, Texas
| | - David J. Nisbet
- Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, College Station, Texas
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50
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Scientific Advisory Group on Antimi. Reflection paper on the use of third and fourth generation cephalosporins in food producing animals in the European Union: development of resistance and impact on human and animal health. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2009; 32:515-33. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.2009.01075.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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