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Alam M, Fernandes S, Mandal S, Rameez MJ, Bhattacharya S, Peketi A, Mazumdar A, Ghosh W. 34S enrichment as a signature of thiosulfate oxidation in the "Proteobacteria". FEMS Microbiol Lett 2021; 368:6307019. [PMID: 34151347 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnab073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinetics of thiosulfate oxidation, product and intermediate formation, and 34S fractionation, were studied for the members of Alphaproteobacteria Paracoccus sp. SMMA5 and Mesorhizobium thiogangeticum SJTT, the Betaproteobacteria member Pusillimonas ginsengisoli SBO3, and the Acidithiobacillia member Thermithiobacillus sp. SMMA2, during chemolithoautotrophic growth in minimal salts media supplemented with 20 mM thiosulfate. The two Alphaproteobacteria oxidized thiosulfate directly to sulfate, progressively enriching the end-product with 34S; Δ34Sthiosulfate-sulfate values recorded at the end of the two processes (when no thiosulfate was oxidized any further) were -2.9‰ and -3.5‰, respectively. Pusillimonas ginsengisoli SBO3 and Thermithiobacillus sp. SMMA2, on the other hand, oxidized thiosulfate to sulfate via tetrathionate intermediate formation, with progressive 34S enrichment in the end-product sulfate throughout the incubation period; Δ34Sthiosulfate-sulfate, at the end of the two processes (when no further oxidation took place), reached -3.5‰ and -3.8‰, respectively. Based on similar 34S fractionation patterns recorded previously during thiosulfate oxidation by strains of Paracoccus pantotrophus, Advenella kashmirensis and Hydrogenovibrio crunogenus, it was concluded that progressive reverse fractionation, enriching the end-product sulfate with 34S, could be a characteristic signature of bacterial thiosulfate oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masrure Alam
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata-700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Svetlana Fernandes
- Gas Hydrate Research Group, Geological Oceanography, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa-403004, India
| | - Subhrangshu Mandal
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata-700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Maida Jameela Rameez
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata-700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Sabyasachi Bhattacharya
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata-700054, West Bengal, India
| | - Aditya Peketi
- Gas Hydrate Research Group, Geological Oceanography, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa-403004, India
| | - Aninda Mazumdar
- Gas Hydrate Research Group, Geological Oceanography, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa-403004, India
| | - Wriddhiman Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, P-1/12 CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata-700054, West Bengal, India
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2
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Cheng X, Delanka-Pedige HMK, Munasinghe-Arachchige SP, Abeysiriwardana-Arachchige ISA, Smith GB, Nirmalakhandan N, Zhang Y. Removal of antibiotic resistance genes in an algal-based wastewater treatment system employing Galdieria sulphuraria: A comparative study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 711:134435. [PMID: 31810689 PMCID: PMC6992497 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we compared removal of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) in two wastewater treatment systems fed with the same primary effluent: a conventional wastewater treatment system (consisting of a trickling filter followed by an activated sludge process) versus an algal-based system, employing an extremophilic alga, Galdieria sulphuraria. Our results demonstrated that the algal system can reduce concentrations of erythromycin- and sulfamethoxazole-resistant bacteria in the effluent more effectively than the conventional treatment system. A decreasing trend of total bacteria and ARGs was observed in both the treatment systems. However, the relative ratio of most ARGs (qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, sul1) and intI1 in the surviving bacteria increased in the conventional system; whereas, the algal system reduced more of the relative abundance of qnrA, qnrS, tetW and intⅠ1 in the surviving bacteria. The role of bacteriophages in horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of ARGs in the two systems was indicated by a positive correlation between ARG absolute abundance in bacteriophage and ARG relative abundance in the bacteria. Four of the five detectable genes (qnrS, tetW, sul1 and intI1) were significantly reduced in the algal system in bacteriophage phase which signified a decrease in phage-mediated ARG transfer in the algal system. Results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of the algal-based wastewater treatment system in decreasing ARGs and ARB and in minimizing the spread of antibiotic resistance to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Cheng
- Civil Engineering Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | | | | | | | - Geoffrey B Smith
- Biology Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | | | - Yanyan Zhang
- Civil Engineering Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA.
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3
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Tan YJC, Zhao C, Nasreen M, O'Rourke L, Dhouib R, Roberts L, Wan Y, Beatson SA, Kappler U. Control of Bacterial Sulfite Detoxification by Conserved and Species-Specific Regulatory Circuits. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:960. [PMID: 31139157 PMCID: PMC6527743 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although sulfite, a by-product of the degradation of many sulfur compounds, is highly reactive and can cause damage to DNA, proteins and lipids, comparatively little is known about the regulation of sulfite-oxidizing enzyme (SOEs) expression. Here we have investigated the regulation of SOE-encoding genes in two species of α-Proteobacteria, Sinorhizobium meliloti and Starkeya novella, that degrade organo- and inorganic sulfur compounds, respectively, and contain unrelated types of SOEs that show different expression patterns. Our work revealed that in both cases, the molecular signal that triggers SOE gene expression is sulfite, and strong up-regulation depends on the presence of a sulfite-responsive, cognate Extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factor, making sulfite oxidation a bacterial stress response. An additional RpoE1-like ECF sigma factor was also involved in the regulation, but was activated by different molecular signals, taurine (Sm) and tetrathionate (Sn), respectively, targeted different gene promoters, and also differed in the magnitude of the response generated. We therefore propose that RpoE1 is a secondary, species-specific regulator of SOE gene expression rather than a general, conserved regulatory circuit. Sulfite produced by major dissimilatory processes appeared to be the trigger for SOE gene expression in both species, as we were unable to find evidence for an increase of SOE activity in stationary growth phase. The basic regulation of bacterial sulfite oxidation by cognate ECF sigma factors is likely to be applicable to three groups of alpha and beta-Proteobacteria in which we identified similar SOE operon structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jie Chelsea Tan
- Centre for Metals in Biology, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Chengzhi Zhao
- Centre for Metals in Biology, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Marufa Nasreen
- Centre for Metals in Biology, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Leo O'Rourke
- Centre for Metals in Biology, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Rabeb Dhouib
- Centre for Metals in Biology, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Leah Roberts
- Centre for Metals in Biology, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Ying Wan
- Centre for Metals in Biology, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Scott A Beatson
- Centre for Metals in Biology, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Ulrike Kappler
- Centre for Metals in Biology, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
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4
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Jadhav K, Jadhav I. Sulfur oxidation by Achromobacter xylosoxidans strain wsp05 reveals ecological widening over which thiotrophs are distributed. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 33:192. [PMID: 28975472 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-017-2359-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Achromobacter xylosoxidans is a versatile bacterium known for its ability to degrade aromatic compounds. However, its ability to oxidize sulfur compounds for electron and energy source is not reported much. In the present work, the Gram-negative bacterium Achromobacter xylosoxidans strain wsp05 isolated from a waste stabilization ponds (WSPs) system was studied for its ability to oxidize reduced sulfur compounds. The strain was able to oxidize thiosulfate and sodium sulfite. To observe the effect of physicochemical parameters on the rate of sulfur oxidation, strain wsp05 was grown in thiosulfate (20 mM) containing minimal salt medium at varied pH, temperature and ammonium and phosphate ions concentration. Maximum thiosulfate oxidation was observed at 30 °C with initial pH of 7-7.2. The strain was characterized using universal 16S rRNA gene primers revealing high similarity (> 99%) with Achromobacter xylosoxidans NBRC 15126T belonging to β-proteobacteria. In the present study, we investigated the sulfur oxidation properties of the Achromobacter xylosoxidans strain wsp05, which revealed an ecological and phylogenetic widening over which the thiotrophs are distributed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapilesh Jadhav
- School of Studies in Botany, Vikram University Ujjain, Ujjain, 456010, India. .,School of Life Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, 302017, India.
| | - Indrani Jadhav
- School of Studies in Botany, Vikram University Ujjain, Ujjain, 456010, India.,School of Life Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jaipur, 302017, India
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5
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Mena A, Plasencia V, García L, Hidalgo O, Ayestarán JI, Alberti S, Borrell N, Pérez JL, Oliver A. Characterization of a large outbreak by CTX-M-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and mechanisms leading to in vivo carbapenem resistance development. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:2831-7. [PMID: 16891499 PMCID: PMC1594597 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00418-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
All extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates from patients admitted to and adult intensive care unit were prospectively documented from 2002 to 2005, when a large outbreak (51 patients affected) of multiresistant ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae infection was detected. The involvement of a single K. pneumoniae clone was demonstrated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. In addition to the ESBL-mediated resistance, the epidemic strain uniformly showed cross-resistance to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline, whereas resistance to the beta-lactam-beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations was variable. The ESBL involved was CTX-M-1, as demonstrated by isoelectric focusing, PCR amplification, and sequencing. CTX-M-1 as well as the aminoglycoside resistance determinants were encoded in a 50-kb plasmid that could be transferred to Escherichia coli only by transformation. In two of the infected patients, carbapenem resistance development (MICs of 8 to 12, 16, and >32 microg/ml for imipenem, meropenem, and ertapenem, respectively) was documented, both in clinical samples and in intestinal colonization studies. The analysis of the outer membrane proteins of the carbapenem-susceptible and -resistant isolates revealed that the former expressed only one of the two major porins, OmpK36, whereas the latter did not express either of them. In one of the cases, the lack of expression of OmpK36 was demonstrated to be mediated by the interruption of the coding sequence by the insertion sequence IS26. This is the first report of a large outbreak of CTX-M-1-producing Enterobacteriaceae and, curiously, the first documented description in the literature of CTX-M-1 in K. pneumoniae, despite the fact that this enzyme has been found in multiple species. Furthermore, we document and characterize for the first time carbapenem resistance development in CTX-M-1-producing Enterobacteriaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mena
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Son Dureta and Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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6
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Mukhopadhyaya PN, Deb C, Lahiri C, Roy P. A soxA gene, encoding a diheme cytochrome c, and a sox locus, essential for sulfur oxidation in a new sulfur lithotrophic bacterium. J Bacteriol 2000; 182:4278-87. [PMID: 10894738 PMCID: PMC101942 DOI: 10.1128/jb.182.15.4278-4287.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A mobilizable suicide vector, pSUP5011, was used to introduce Tn5-mob in a new facultative sulfur lithotrophic bacterium, KCT001, to generate mutants defective in sulfur oxidation (Sox(-)). The Sox(-) mutants were unable to oxidize thiosulfate while grown mixotrophically in the presence of thiosulfate and succinate. The mutants were also impaired in oxidizing other reduced sulfur compounds and elemental sulfur as evident from the study of substrate oxidation by the whole cells. Sulfite oxidase activity was significantly diminished in the cell extracts of all the mutants. A soxA gene was identified from the transposon-adjacent genomic DNA of a Sox(-) mutant strain. The sequence analysis revealed that the soxA open reading frame (ORF) is preceded by a potential ribosome binding site and promoter region with -10- and -35-like sequences. The deduced nucleotide sequence of the soxA gene was predicted to code for a protein of 286 amino acids. It had a signal peptide of 26 N-terminal amino acids. The amino acid sequence showed similarity with a putative gene product of Aquifex aeolicus, soluble cytochrome c(551) of Chlorobium limicola, and the available partial SoxA sequence of Paracoccus denitrificans. The soxA-encoded product seems to be a diheme cytochrome c for KCT001 and A. aeolicus, but the amino acid sequence of C. limicola cytochrome c(551) revealed a single heme-binding region. Another transposon insertion mutation was mapped within the soxA ORF. Four other independent transposon insertion mutations were mapped in the 4.4-kb soxA contiguous genomic DNA region. The results thus suggest that a sox locus of KCT001, essential for sulfur oxidation, was affected by all these six independent insertion mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P N Mukhopadhyaya
- Department of Microbiology, Bose Institute, P-1/12, C. I. T. Scheme VII-M, Calcutta-700 054, India
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7
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Abstract
Reduced inorganic sulfur compounds are oxidized by members of the domains Archaea and Bacteria. These compounds are used as electron donors for anaerobic phototrophic and aerobic chemotrophic growth, and are mostly oxidized to sulfate. Different enzymes mediate the conversion of various reduced sulfur compounds. Their physiological function in sulfur oxidation is considered (i) mostly from the biochemical characterization of the enzymatic reaction, (ii) rarely from the regulation of their formation, and (iii) only in a few cases from the mutational gene inactivation and characterization of the resulting mutant phenotype. In this review the sulfur-metabolizing reactions of selected phototrophic and of chemotrophic prokaryotes are discussed. These comprise an archaeon, a cyanobacterium, green sulfur bacteria, and selected phototrophic and chemotrophic proteobacteria. The genetic systems are summarized which are presently available for these organisms, and which can be used to study the molecular basis of their dissimilatory sulfur metabolism. Two groups of thiobacteria can be distinguished: those able to grow with tetrathionate and other reduced sulfur compounds, and those unable to do so. This distinction can be made irrespective of their phototrophic or chemotrophic metabolism, neutrophilic or acidophilic nature, and may indicate a mechanism different from that of thiosulfate oxidation. However, the core enzyme for tetrathionate oxidation has not been identified so far. Several phototrophic bacteria utilize hydrogen sulfide, which is considered to be oxidized by flavocytochrome c owing to its in vitro activity. However, the function of flavocytochrome c in vivo may be different, because it is missing in other hydrogen sulfide-oxidizing bacteria, but is present in most thiosulfate-oxidizing bacteria. A possible function of flavocytochrome c is discussed based on biophysical studies, and the identification of a flavocytochrome in the operon encoding enzymes involved in thiosulfate oxidation of Paracoccus denitrificans. Adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate reductase thought to function in the 'reverse' direction in different phototrophic and chemotrophic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria was analysed in Chromatium vinosum. Inactivation of the corresponding gene does not affect the sulfite-oxidizing ability of the mutant. This result questions the concept of its 'reverse' function, generally accepted for over three decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Friedrich
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Mikrobiologie, Fachbereich Chemietechnik, Universität Dortmund, Germany
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8
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English RS, Jin S, Shively JM. Use of Electroporation To Generate a Thiobacillus neapolitanus Carboxysome Mutant. Appl Environ Microbiol 1995; 61:3256-60. [PMID: 16535117 PMCID: PMC1388571 DOI: 10.1128/aem.61.9.3256-3260.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Two cloning vectors designed for use in Escherichia coli and the thiobacilli were constructed by combining a Thiobacillus intermedius plasmid replicon with a multicloning site, lacZ(prm1), and either a kanamycin or a streptomycin resistance gene. Conditions necessary for the introduction of DNA into T. intermedius and T. neapolitanus via electroporation were examined and optimized. By using optimal electroporation conditions, the gene encoding a carboxysome shell protein, csoS1A, was insertionally inactivated in T. neapolitanus. The mutant showed a reduced number of carboxysomes and an increased level of CO(inf2) necessary for growth.
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9
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Włodarczyk M, Piechucka E. Conjugal transfer of plasmid and chromosomal markers between strains of Thiobacillus versutus. Curr Microbiol 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00293632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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10
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11
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Abstract
The broad-host-range IncP plasmids RP4, R68.45, RP1::Tn501, and pUB307 were transferred to acidophilic, obligately chemolithotrophic Thiobacillus ferrooxidans from Escherichia coli by conjugation. A genetic marker of kanamycin resistance was expressed in T. ferrooxidans. Plasmid RP4 was transferred back to E. coli from T. ferrooxidans. The broad-host-range IncQ vector pJRD215 was mobilized to T. ferrooxidans with the aid of plasmid RP4 integrated in the chromosome of E. coli SM10. pJRD215 was stable, and all genetic markers (kanamycin/neomycin and streptomycin resistance) were expressed in T. ferrooxidans. By the use of suicide vector pSUP1011, transposon Tn5 was introduced into T. ferrooxidans. The influence of some factors on plasmid transfer from E. coli to T. ferrooxidans was investigated. Results showed that the physiological state of donor cells might be important to the mobilization of plasmids. The transfer of plasmids from E. coli to T. ferrooxidans occurred in the absence of energy sources for both donor and recipient.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Peng
- Institute of Microbiology, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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12
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Abstract
Thiobacillus ferrooxidans is a gram-negative, highly acidophilic (pH 1.5 to 2.0), autotrophic bacterium that obtains its energy through the oxidation of ferrous iron or reduced inorganic sulfur compounds. It is usually dominant in the mixed bacterial populations that are used industrially for the extraction of metals such as copper and uranium from their ores. More recently, these bacterial consortia have been used for the biooxidation of refractory gold-bearing arsenopyrite ores prior to the recovery of gold by cyanidation. The commercial use of T. ferrooxidans has led to an increasing interest in the genetics and molecular biology of the bacterium. Initial investigations were aimed at determining whether the unique physiology and specialized habitat of T. ferrooxidans had been accompanied by a high degree of genetic drift from other gram-negative bacteria. Early genetic studies were comparative in nature and concerned the isolation of genes such as nifHDK, glnA, and recA, which are widespread among bacteria. From a molecular biology viewpoint, T. ferrooxidans appears to be a typical member of the proteobacteria. In most instances, cloned gene promoters and protein products have been functional in Escherichia coli. Although T. ferrooxidans has proved difficult to transform with DNA, research on indigenous plasmids and the isolation of the T. ferrooxidans merA gene have resulted in the development of a low-efficiency electroporation system for one strain of T. ferrooxidans. The most recent studies have focused on the molecular genetics of the pathways associated with nitrogen metabolism, carbon dioxide fixation, and components of the energy-producing mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Rawlings
- Department of Microbiology, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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13
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Quentmeier A, Friedrich CG. Transfer and expression of degradative and antibiotic resistance plasmids in acidophilic bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 1994; 60:973-8. [PMID: 8161188 PMCID: PMC201419 DOI: 10.1128/aem.60.3.973-978.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The genetic accessibility of selected acidophilic bacteria was investigated to evaluate their applicability to degrading pollutants in acidic environments. The IncP1 antibiotic resistance plasmids RP4 and pVK101 and the phenol degradation-encoding plasmid pPGH11 were transferred from neutrophilic bacteria into the extreme acidophilic eubacterium Acidiphilium cryptum at frequencies of 1.8 x 10(-2) to 9.8 x 10(-4) transconjugants per recipient cell. The IncQ antibiotic resistance plasmid pSUP106 was mobilizable to A. cryptum by triparental matings at a frequency of 10(-5) transconjugants per recipient cell. In the transconjugants, antibiotic resistances and the ability to degrade phenol were expressed. A. cryptum AC6 (pPGH11) grew with 2.5 mM phenol at a doubling time of 12 h and a yield of 0.52 g (dry cell weight) per g of phenol. A. cryptum harbored five native plasmids of 255 to 6.3 kb in size. Plasmids RP4 and pVK101 were transferred from Escherichia coli into Acidobacterium capsulatum at frequencies of 10(-3) and 2.3 x 10(-4) and to the facultative autotroph Thiobacillus acidophilus at frequencies of 1.1 x 10(-5) and 2.9 x 10(-6) transconjugants per recipient cell, respectively. Plasmid pPGH11 could not be transferred into the latter strains. T. acidophilus wild type contained six so far cryptic plasmids of 220 to 5 kb.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Quentmeier
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Mikrobiologie, Universität Dortmund, Germany
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14
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Kusano T, Sugawara K, Inoue C, Takeshima T, Numata M, Shiratori T. Electrotransformation of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans with plasmids containing a mer determinant. J Bacteriol 1992; 174:6617-23. [PMID: 1400213 PMCID: PMC207636 DOI: 10.1128/jb.174.20.6617-6623.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The mer operon from a strain of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans (C. Inoue, K. Sugawara, and T. Kusano, Mol. Microbiol. 5:2707-2718, 1991) consists of the regulatory gene merR and an operator-promoter region followed by merC and merA structural genes and differs from other known gram-negative mer operons. We have constructed four potential shuttle plasmids composed of a T. ferrooxidans-borne cryptic plasmid, a pUC18 plasmid, and the above-mentioned mer determinant as a selectable marker. Mercury ion-sensitive T. ferrooxidans strains were electroporated with constructed plasmids, and one strain, Y4-3 (of 30 independent strains tested), was found to have a transformation efficiency of 120 to 200 mercury-resistant colonies per microgram of plasmid DNA. This recipient strain was confirmed to be T. ferrooxidans by physiological, morphological, and chemotaxonomical data. The transformants carried a plasmid with no physical rearrangements through 25 passages under no selective pressure. Cell extracts showed mercury ion-dependent NADPH oxidation activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kusano
- Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering, Akita Prefectural College of Agriculture, Japan
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15
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Read DL, Toth LM, McCann K. Intergeneric conjugation in Thiobacillus versutus. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1992; 73:136-43. [PMID: 1328130 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1992.tb01700.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In plate matings with Escherichia coli HB101/pUW965::Tn5 (KmR) Thiobacillus versutus reacted as an efficient recipient, producing 10(-2) to 10(-3) kanamycin resistant (KmR) T. versutus exconjugants per donor cell. Analysis of agarose gels of plasmid DNA extracted from the exconjugants confirmed that the suicide vector pUW964 did not persist in the recipient, implying that the kanamycin resistance of the exconjugants is based on effective transposition of Tn5 in T. versutus as well as function of the E. coli kanamycin gene. Transfer was equally efficient when a nalidixate-resistant T. versutus mutant was used as recipient. Hybridization evidence for the presence of Tn5 was consistently negative. The significance of this anomalous result is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Read
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth 02747
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16
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Jin SM, Yan WM, Wang ZN. Transfer of IncP Plasmids to Extremely Acidophilic
Thiobacillus thiooxidans. Appl Environ Microbiol 1992; 58:429-30. [PMID: 16348639 PMCID: PMC195230 DOI: 10.1128/aem.58.1.429-430.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The broad-host-range IncP plasmids RP4, R68.45, RP1::Tn
501
, and and pUB307 were transferred directly to extremely acidophilic
Thiobacillus thiooxidans
from
Escherichia coli
by conjugation at frequencies of 10
-5
to 10
-7
per recipient. The ability of
T. thiooxidans
to receive and express the antibiotic resistance markers was examined. The plasmid RP4 was transferred back to
E. coli
from
T. thiooxidans
at a frequency of 1.0 × 10
-3
per recipient.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Jin
- Institute of Microbiology, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
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17
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Sayre P, Miller RV. Bacterial mobile genetic elements: importance in assessing the environmental fate of genetically engineered sequences. Plasmid 1991; 26:151-71. [PMID: 1661425 DOI: 10.1016/0147-619x(91)90040-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Sayre
- Office of Toxic Substances, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460
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18
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Drolet M, Zanga P, Lau PC. The mobilization and origin of transfer regions of a Thiobacillus ferrooxidans plasmid: relatedness to plasmids RSF1010 and pSC101. Mol Microbiol 1990; 4:1381-91. [PMID: 2280689 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1990.tb00717.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The components for the mobilization function of a plasmid DNA during conjugation include a cis-acting sequence (the origin of transfer, oriT) and a transacting sequence coding for mobilization (Mob) proteins. By genetic and deletion analysis, we have located the mobilization region of pTF1, a cryptic plasmid previously isolated from a Thiobacillus ferrooxidans strain. Within a 2797 bse-pair sequenced region, several open reading frames (ORFs) were predicted; two of the ORFs are divergently transcribed and they encode proteins of calculated molecular masses, 42.6kD (ORF2) and 11.4kD (ORF6). Surprisingly, these protein sequences are substantially similar to two of the previously characterized mobilization proteins of the Escherichia coli IncQ plasmid, RSF1010. Moreover, the pTF1 ORF2 (now designated MobL) sequence is also found to be similar to a presumed mobilization protein of plasmid pSC101. Regions of sequence identity of plasmids pTF1, RSF1010 and pSC101 include their oriT sites. By alkaline agarose gel electrophoresis and DNA sequencing, we have established the location of the relaxation complex nick site within the oriT of pTF1. An identical nick site, which is adjacent to a characteristic 10 base-pair inverted repeat sequence, is also found for plasmid RSF1010. A recombinant plasmid containing a 42 base-pair synthetic piece of DNA encompassing the pTF1 inverted repeat and nick sequence was shown to be oriT-active.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Drolet
- Genetic Engineering Section, National Research Council, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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19
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Powell B, Mergeay M, Christofi N. Transfer of broad host-range plasmids to sulphate-reducing bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1989. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1989.tb03123.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Codd
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Dundee, UK
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21
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Schmidhauser TJ, Ditta G, Helinski DR. Broad-host-range plasmid cloning vectors for gram-negative bacteria. BIOTECHNOLOGY (READING, MASS.) 1988; 10:287-332. [PMID: 2850044 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-409-90042-2.50021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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22
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Yeh TY, Godshalk JR, Olson GJ, Kelly RM. Use of epifluorescence microscopy for characterizing the activity ofThiobacillus Ferrooxidans on iron pyrite. Biotechnol Bioeng 1987; 30:138-46. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.260300119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Chandra TS, Friedrich CG. Tn5-induced mutations affecting sulfur-oxidizing ability (Sox) of Thiosphaera pantotropha. J Bacteriol 1986; 166:446-52. [PMID: 3009400 PMCID: PMC214625 DOI: 10.1128/jb.166.2.446-452.1986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutants of Thiosphaera pantotropha defective in chemolithoautotrophic growth were obtained by transpositional mutagenesis with Tn5 coding for kanamycin resistance. The suicide vehicle for introducing Tn5 to T. pantotropha was pSUP5011 harbored by Escherichia coli. Kanamycin-resistant isolates were screened for the inability to grow with reduced sulfur compounds (Sox-). Four classes of Sox- mutants were obtained. Three were of different pleiotropic phenotypes: (i) unable to grow with formate, nitrate, and xanthine; (this class strongly suggested the involvement of a molybdenum cofactor in inorganic sulfur-oxidizing ability); (ii) no growth with hydrogen; (iii) slight growth with hydrogen and formate. Two plasmids, pHG41 (about 450 kilobase pairs) and pHG42 (110 kilobases), were identified in lysates of T. pantotropha. In one Sox- mutant pHG41 could not be detected. Revertant analysis suggested that pHG41 and pHG42 were not involved in the Sox character.
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24
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Olson GJ, Kelly RM. Microbiological Metal Transformations: Biotechnological Applications and Potential. Biotechnol Prog 1986; 2:1-15. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.5420020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Stotzky G, Babich H. Survival of, and genetic transfer by, genetically engineered bacteria in natural environments. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 1986; 31:93-138. [PMID: 3521212 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2164(08)70440-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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26
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Davidson MS, Roy P, Summers AO. Transpositional Mutagenesis of
Thiobacillus novellus
and
Thiobacillus versutus. Appl Environ Microbiol 1985; 49:1436-41. [PMID: 16346810 PMCID: PMC241743 DOI: 10.1128/aem.49.6.1436-1441.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transpositional mutagenesis of
Thiobacillus novellus
by Tn
501
was achieved by means of the incompatibility of IncP plasmids. Tn
501
insertion caused three types of mutant phenotypes: isoleucine auxotrophy, lysine auxotrophy, and a reduced ability to oxidize reduced sulfur compounds and to fix CO
2
. Oxidation rates for elemental sulfur (S
0
), thiosulfate (S
2
O
3
2−
), and tetrathionate (S
4
O
6
2−
) in mutants of the latter type were reduced relative to those of the nonmutant control strain. Incorporation of labeled bicarbonate (H
14
CO
3
−
) was also significantly impaired. Although suicide vehicles were not useful for the introduction of transposons into
T. novellus
, this method was effective for the Tn
1721
-induced mutagenesis of
Thiobacillus versutus.
Tn
1721
insertions resulted in the loss of the natural resistance of
T. versutus
to arsenate and gentamicin and in auxotrophies for isoleucine-valine, arginine, phenylalanine, valine, and panthothenate. Transpositional mutagenesis by either method should prove to be a useful tool for further study of these and other members of the genus
Thiobacillus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Davidson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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27
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Abstract
Cloning vectors have been constructed employing two diverse replicons, IncQ and P15A. Both vectors confer resistance to kanamycin (Km) and mercuric ions (Hg2+). One of these vectors, pDG105, is a broad-host-range, nonconjugative, oligocopy IncQ plasmid, which is capable of transforming Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, and Pseudomonas putida. The second vector, pDG106, is a narrow-host-range, multicopy cloning vector compatible with pBR322. Both vectors contain unique cloning sites in the Km-resistance gene for HindIII, SmaI, and XhoI, as well as unique EcoRI and ScaI sites in the mer operon. Cloning into the EcoRI site in the mer operon results in the mercury "supersensitive" phenotype, easily detectable by replica plating. Insertion of the galK gene into the EcoRI site in the mer operon results in Hg2+-inducible galactokinase activity, demonstrating the application of these plasmids as regulated expression vectors.
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28
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Woods D, Rawlings D. Molecular genetic studies on the thiobacilli and the development of improved biomining bacteria. Bioessays 1985. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.950020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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