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Urtuvia V, Ponce B, Andler R, Díaz-Barrera A. Relation of 3HV fraction and thermomechanical properties of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) produced by Azotobacter vinelandii OP. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127681. [PMID: 37890746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) has attracted substantial attention as a promising material for industrial applications. In this study, different PHBV films with distinct 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) contents produced by Azotobacter vinelandii OP were evaluated. The 3HV fraction ranged from 18.6 to 36.7 mol%, and the number-average molecular weight (Mn) was between 238 and 434 kDa. In the bioreactor, a 3HV fraction (36.7 mol%) and an Mn value of 409 kDa were obtained with an oxygen transfer rate (OTR) of 12.5 mmol L-1 h-1. Thermal analysis measurements showed decreased melting (Tm) and glass transition (Tg) temperatures, and values with relatively high 3HV fractions indicated improved thermomechanical properties. The incorporation of the 3HV fraction in the PHBV chain improved the thermal stability of the films, reduced the polymer Tm, and affected the tensile strength. PHBV film with 36.7 mol% 3HV showed an increase in its tensile strength (51.8 MPa) and a decrease in its Tm (170.61 °C) compared with PHB. Finally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results revealed that the PHBV film with 32.8 mol% 3HV showed a degradation upon contact with soil, water, or soil bacteria, showing more porous surfaces after degradation. The latter phenomenon indicated that thermomechanical properties played an important role in biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Urtuvia
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil 2147 Casilla 4059, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - Belén Ponce
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil 2147 Casilla 4059, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Andler
- Escuela de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales (Cenbio), Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Alvaro Díaz-Barrera
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil 2147 Casilla 4059, Valparaíso, Chile
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2
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Urtuvia V, Ponce B, Andler R, Peña C, Diaz-Barrera A. Extended batch cultures for poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) production by Azotobacter vinelandii OP growing at different aeration rates. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:304. [PMID: 36276477 PMCID: PMC9525563 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03380-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) is a polymer produced by Azotobacter vinelandii OP. In the bioreactor, PHBV production and its molar composition are affected by aeration rate. PHBV production by A. vinelandii OP was evaluated using extended batch cultures at different aeration rates, which determined different oxygen transfer rates (OTR) in the cultures. Under the conditions evaluated, PHBV with different 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) fractions were obtained. In the cultures with a low OTR (6.7 mmol L-1 h-1, at 0.3 vvm), a PHBV content of 38% w w-1 with 9.1 mol % 3HV was achieved. The maximum PHBV production (72% w w-1) was obtained at a high OTR (18.2 mmol L-1 h-1, at 1.0 vvm), both at 48 h. Thus, PHBV production increased in the bioreactor with an increased aeration rate, but not the 3HV fraction in the polymer chain. An OTR of 24.9 mmol L-1 h-1 (at 2.1 vvm) was the most suitable for improving the PHBV content (61% w w-1) and a high 3HV fraction of 20.8 mol % (at 48 h); and volumetric productivity (0.15 g L-1 h-1). The findings indicate that the extended batch culture at 2.1 vvm is the most adequate mode of cultivation to produce higher biomass and PHBV with a high 3HV fraction. Overall, the results have shown that the PHBV production and 3HV fraction could be affected by the aeration rate and the proposed approach could be applied to implement cultivation strategies to optimize PHBV production for different biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Urtuvia
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil 2147 Casilla 4059, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Belén Ponce
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil 2147 Casilla 4059, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Andler
- Escuela de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Centro de Biotecnología de los Recursos Naturales (Cenbio),Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Carlos Peña
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Alvaro Diaz-Barrera
- Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Brasil 2147 Casilla 4059, Valparaíso, Chile
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Bosco F, Cirrincione S, Carletto R, Marmo L, Chiesa F, Mazzoli R, Pessione E. PHA Production from Cheese Whey and "Scotta": Comparison between a Consortium and a Pure Culture of Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2426. [PMID: 34946028 PMCID: PMC8704080 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is urgent to expand the market of biodegradable alternatives to oil-derived plastics owing to (i) increasingly limited oil availability/accessibility, and (ii) the dramatic impact of traditional plastics on aquatic life, the food chain, all Earth ecosystems, and ultimately, human health. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are promising biodegradable polymers that can be obtained through microbial fermentation of agro-industrial byproducts, e.g., milk and cheese whey. Here, the PHA-accumulating efficiency of a mixed microbial culture (MMC, derived from activated sludges) grown on dairy byproducts (cheese and scotta whey) was measured. Bioreactor tests featuring temperature and pH control showed that both scotta and pre-treated Toma cheese whey could be used for PHA production by MMC, although scotta cheese whey supported higher PHA yield and productivity. The advantages of open MMCs include their plasticity and versatility to fast changing conditions; furthermore, no growth-medium sterilization is needed prior to fermentation. However, the use of pure cultures of efficient PHA producers may support better metabolic performances. Therefore, PHA-producing strains were isolated from a MMC, leading to the satisfactory identification of two bacterial strains, Citrobacter freundii and Leuconostoc spp., whose ability to accumulate PHAs in synthetic media was confirmed. A more detailed investigation by mass spectrometry revealed that the strain was L. mesenteroides. Although the validation of L. mesenteroides potential to produce PHA through fermentation of agro-industrial byproducts requires further investigations, this is the first study reporting PHA production with the Leuconostoc genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bosco
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy;
| | - Simona Cirrincione
- Structural and Functional Biochemistry, Laboratory of Microbial Biochemistry and Proteomics, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Università di Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (R.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Riccardo Carletto
- CNR-STIIMA, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche- Istituto di Sistemi e Tecnologie Industriali Intelligenti per il Manifatturiero Avanzato, 13900 Biella, Italy;
| | - Luca Marmo
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy;
| | - Francesco Chiesa
- Department of Veterinary Science (DSV), Università degli Studi di Torino, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy;
| | - Roberto Mazzoli
- Structural and Functional Biochemistry, Laboratory of Microbial Biochemistry and Proteomics, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Università di Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (R.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Enrica Pessione
- Structural and Functional Biochemistry, Laboratory of Microbial Biochemistry and Proteomics, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Università di Torino, 10123 Torino, Italy; (S.C.); (R.M.); (E.P.)
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Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Production in Pseudomonas sp. phDV1 Strain Grown on Phenol as Carbon Sources. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081636. [PMID: 34442715 PMCID: PMC8398824 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas strains have a variety of potential uses in bioremediation and biosynthesis of biodegradable plastics. Pseudomonas sp. strain phDV1, a Gram-negative phenol degrading bacterium, has been found to utilize monocyclic aromatic compounds as sole carbon source via the meta-cleavage pathway. The degradation of aromatic compounds comprises an important step in the removal of pollutants. The present study aimed to investigate the ability of the Pseudomonas sp. strain phDV1 to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and examining the effect of phenol concentration on PHA production. The bacterium was cultivated in minimal medium supplemented with different concentrations of phenol ranging from 200-600 mg/L. The activity of the PHA synthase, the key enzyme which produces PHA, was monitored spectroscopically in cells extracts. Furthermore, the PHA synthase was identified by mass spectrometry in cell extracts analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Transmission electron micrographs revealed abundant electron-transparent intracellular granules. The isolated biopolymer was confirmed to be polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) by FTIR, NMR and MALDI-TOF/TOF analyses. The ability of strain Pseudomonas sp. phDV1 to remove phenol and to produce PHB makes the strain a promising biocatalyst in bioremediation and biosynthesis of biodegradable plastics.
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Syahirah WN, Azami NA, Huong KH, Amirul AA. Preparation, characterization and biodegradation of blend films of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) with natural biopolymers. Polym Bull (Berl) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03286-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates from sugarcane molasses by recombinant Ralstonia eutropha strains. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-0783-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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7
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Morphology engineering: a new strategy to construct microbial cell factories. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:127. [PMID: 32712725 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02903-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Currently, synthetic biology approaches have been developed for constructing microbial cell factories capable of efficient synthesis of high value-added products. Most studies have focused on the construction of novel biosynthetic pathways and their regulatory processes. Morphology engineering has recently been proposed as a novel strategy for constructing efficient microbial cell factories, which aims at controlling cell shape and cell division pattern by manipulating the cell morphology-related genes. Morphology engineering strategies have been exploited for improving bacterial growth rate, enlarging cell volume and simplifying downstream separation. This mini-review summarizes cell morphology-related proteins and their function, current advances in manipulation tools and strategies of morphology engineering, and practical applications of morphology engineering for enhanced production of intracellular product polyhydroxyalkanoate and extracellular products. Furthermore, current limitations and the future development direction using morphology engineering are proposed.
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Munir S, Jamil N. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production in open mixed cultures using waste activated sludge as biomass. Arch Microbiol 2020; 202:1907-1913. [PMID: 32448962 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-01912-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this work, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were used as a carbon source to assess the ability of bacteria present in waste activated sludge (WAS), as indigenous flora, to accumulate polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). Acetic acid and propionic acid were used both separately and in combination as feedstock, producing either homopolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (3PHB) and/or the co-polymer, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) P(3HB-co-3HV). The overall potential to use waste activated sludge as biomass for production of valuable polymers was assessed, and a quality assessment of the as-produced polymers was run, with the extracted polymer being analyzed for properties such as thermal, microstructure and molecular weight. It was found that a blend of copolymers was typically produced, with thermal properties being similar to those reported elsewhere. The overall PHA cell content obtained was 0.29 gPHA gVSS-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajida Munir
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan. .,Nur International University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Nazia Jamil
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
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Engineering NADH/NAD + ratio in Halomonas bluephagenesis for enhanced production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). Metab Eng 2018; 49:275-286. [PMID: 30219528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Halomonas bluephagenesis has been developed as a platform strain for the next generation industrial biotechnology (NGIB) with advantages of resistances to microbial contamination and high cell density growth (HCD), especially for production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) including poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) (P34HB) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV). However, little is known about the mechanism behind PHA accumulation under oxygen limitation. This study for the first time found that H. bluephagenesis utilizes NADH instead of NADPH as a cofactor for PHB production, thus revealing the rare situation of enhanced PHA accumulation under oxygen limitation. To increase NADH/NAD+ ratio for enhanced PHA accumulation under oxygen limitation, an electron transport pathway containing electron transfer flavoprotein subunits α and β encoded by etf operon was blocked to increase NADH supply, leading to 90% PHB accumulation in the cell dry weight (CDW) of H. bluephagenesis compared with 84% by the wild type. Acetic acid, a cost-effective carbon source, was used together with glucose to balance the redox state and reduce inhibition on pyruvate metabolism, resulting in 22% more CDW and 94% PHB accumulation. The cellular redox state changes induced by the addition of acetic acid increased 3HV ratio in its copolymer PHBV from 4% to 8%, 4HB in its copolymer P34HB from 8% to 12%, respectively, by engineered H. bluephagenesis. The strategy of systematically modulation on the redox potential of H. bluephagenesis led to enhanced PHA accumulation and controllable monomer ratios in PHA copolymers under oxygen limitation, reducing energy consumption and scale-up complexity.
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Chen J, Li W, Zhang ZZ, Tan TW, Li ZJ. Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for the synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates using acetate as a main carbon source. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:102. [PMID: 29970091 PMCID: PMC6029019 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0949-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High production cost of bioplastics polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) is a major obstacle to replace traditional petro-based plastics. To address the challenges, strategies towards upstream metabolic engineering and downstream fermentation optimizations have been continuously pursued. Given that the feedstocks especially carbon sources account up to a large portion of the production cost, it is of great importance to explore low cost substrates to manufacture PHA economically. RESULTS Escherichia coli was metabolically engineered to synthesize poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (P3HB), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) (P3HB4HB), and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) using acetate as a main carbon source. Overexpression of phosphotransacetylase/acetate kinase pathway was shown to be an effective strategy for improving acetate assimilation and biopolymer production. The recombinant strain overexpressing phosphotransacetylase/acetate kinase and P3HB synthesis operon produced 1.27 g/L P3HB when grown on minimal medium supplemented with 10 g/L yeast extract and 5 g/L acetate in shake flask cultures. Further introduction succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase, 4-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, and CoA transferase lead to the accumulation of P3HB4HB, reaching a titer of 1.71 g/L with a 4-hydroxybutyrate monomer content of 5.79 mol%. When 1 g/L of α-ketoglutarate or citrate was added to the medium, P3HB4HB titer increased to 1.99 and 2.15 g/L, respectively. To achieve PHBV synthesis, acetate and propionate were simultaneously supplied and propionyl-CoA transferase was overexpressed to provide 3-hydroxyvalerate precursor. The resulting strain produced 0.33 g/L PHBV with a 3-hydroxyvalerate monomer content of 6.58 mol%. Further overexpression of propionate permease improved PHBV titer and 3-hydroxyvalerate monomer content to 1.09 g/L and 10.37 mol%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The application of acetate as carbon source for microbial fermentation could reduce the consumption of food and agro-based renewable bioresources for biorefineries. Our proposed metabolic engineering strategies illustrate the feasibility for producing polyhydroxyalkanoates using acetate as a main carbon source. Overall, as an abundant and renewable resource, acetate would be developed into a cost-effective feedstock to achieve low cost production of chemicals, materials, and biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Mailbox 53, No. 15 Beisanhuan Donglu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Wei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Mailbox 53, No. 15 Beisanhuan Donglu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Zhao-Zhou Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Tian-Wei Tan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Zheng-Jun Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Mailbox 53, No. 15 Beisanhuan Donglu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 China
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Carbon flux to growth or polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesis under microaerophilic conditions is affected by fatty acid chain-length in Pseudomonas putida LS46. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:6437-6449. [PMID: 29799090 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9055-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Economical production of medium-chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHA) is dependent on efficient cultivation processes. This work describes growth and mcl-PHA synthesis characteristics of Pseudomonas putida LS46 when grown on medium-chain length fatty acids (octanoic acid) and lower-cost long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs, derived from hydrolyzed canola oil) in microaerophilic environments. Growth on octanoic acid ceased when the oxygen uptake rate was limited by the oxygen transfer rate, and mcl-PHA accumulated to 61.9% of the cell dry mass. From LCFAs, production of non-PHA cell mass continued at a rate of 0.36 g L-1 h-1 under oxygen-limited conditions, while mcl-PHA accumulated simultaneously to 31% of the cell dry mass. The titer of non-PHA cell mass from LCFAs at 14 h post-inoculation was double that obtained from octanoic acid in bioreactors operated with identical feeding and aeration conditions. While the productivity for octanoic acid was higher by 14 h, prolonged cultivation on LCFAs achieved similar productivity but with twice the PHA titer. Simultaneous co-feeding of each substrate demonstrated the continued cell growth under microaerophilic conditions characteristic of LCFAs, and the resulting polymer was dominant in C8 monomers. Furthermore, co-feeding resulted in improved PHA titer and volumetric productivity compared to either substrate individually. These results suggest that LCFAs improve growth of P. putida in oxygen-limited environments and could reduce production costs since more non-PHA cell mass, the cellular factories required to produce mcl-PHA and the most oxygen-intensive cellular process, can be produced for a given oxygen transfer rate.
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Ye J, Huang W, Wang D, Chen F, Yin J, Li T, Zhang H, Chen GQ. Pilot Scale-up of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) Production by Halomonas bluephagenesis via Cell Growth Adapted Optimization Process. Biotechnol J 2018; 13:e1800074. [PMID: 29578651 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate), P(3HB-co-4HB), is one of the most valuable biopolymers because of its flexible mechanical properties. In this study, the goal is to establish a scaled-up process of low cost P(3HB-co-4HB) from a 7.5-L fermentor to 1- and 5-m3 industrial bioreactors, respectively, using Halomonas bluephagenesis TD40 grown on glucose, γ-butyrolactone, and waste corn steep liquor (CSL) as substrates, under open non-sterile and fed-batch or continuous conditions. The non-sterile process enables the energy reduction for less steam consumption. Moreover, waste gluconate is successfully utilized to replace glucose as a carbon source for cell growth and PHA accumulation in 7.5-L fermentor, which opens the possibility of 60% of raw material cost reduction for recycling the waste resources. A mathematical model and rational calculation is established to help guide the feeding strategy and scale-up, respectively, leading to 100 g L-1 cell dry weight (CDW) containing 60.4% P(3HB-co-mol 13.5% 4HB) after 36 h of growth in the 5 m3 vessel. An even higher P(3HB-co-4HB) content of 74% is achieved by decreasing the use of waste CSL. A stable and continuous open process for efficient low-cost production of P(3HB-co-4HB) is successfully developed coupling fermentation with the downstream extraction processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Ye
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China.,Tsinghua University, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Beijing 100084, China.,Tsinghua University, Center for Nano and Micro-Mechanics, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wuzhe Huang
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China.,Bluepha Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, China
| | | | | | - Jin Yin
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Teng Li
- Bluepha Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206, China
| | | | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China.,Tsinghua University, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Beijing 100084, China.,Tsinghua University, Center for Nano and Micro-Mechanics, Beijing 100084, China
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13
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Munir S, Jamil N. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) production in bacterial co-culture using glucose and volatile fatty acids as carbon source. J Basic Microbiol 2018; 58:247-254. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201700276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sajida Munir
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics; University of the Punjab; Lahore Pakistan
- Department of Zoology; University of Lahore; Sargodha Pakistan
| | - Nazia Jamil
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics; University of the Punjab; Lahore Pakistan
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14
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Zhang X, Zhang J, Xu J, Zhao Q, Wang Q, Qi Q. Engineering Escherichia coli for efficient coproduction of polyhydroxyalkanoates and 5-aminolevulinic acid. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 45:43-51. [PMID: 29264661 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-017-1990-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell biorefineries are an interesting strategy for using different components of feedstock to produce multiple high-value biochemicals. In this study, a strategy was applied to refine glucose and fatty acid to produce 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). To express the ALA and PHAs dual-production system efficiently and stably, multiple copies of the poly-β-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) synthesis operon were integrated into the chromosome of Escherichia coli DH5αΔpoxB. The above strain harboring the ALA C5 synthesis pathway genes hemA and hemL resulted in coproduction of 38.2% PHB (cell dry weight, CDW) and 3.2 g/L extracellular ALA. To explore coproduction of ALA and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), the PHBV synthetic pathway was also integrated into engineered E. coli and coexpressed with hemA and hemL; cells produced 38.9% PHBV (CDW) with 10.3 mol% 3HV fractions and 3.0 g/L ALA. The coproduction of ALA with PHB and PHBV can improve the utilization of carbon sources and maximize the value derived from the feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiasheng Xu
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhao
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingsheng Qi
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
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Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for the synthesis of the quadripolymer poly(glycolate-co-lactate-co-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) from glucose. Metab Eng 2017; 44:38-44. [PMID: 28916461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli was metabolically engineered to effectively produce a series of biopolymers consisted of four types of monomers including glycolate, lactate, 3-hydroxybutyrate and 4-hydroxybutyrate from glucose as the carbon source. The biosynthetic route of novel quadripolymers was achieved by the overexpression of a range of homologous and heterologous enzymes including isocitrate lyase, isocitrate dehydrogenase kinase/phosphatase, glyoxylate/hydroxypyruvate reductase, propionyl-CoA transferase, β-ketothiolase, acetoacetyl-CoA reductase, succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase, 4-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, CoA transferase and PHA synthase. In shake flask cultures using Luria-Bertani medium supplemented with glucose, the recombinant E. coli reached 7.10g/l cell dry weight with 52.60wt% biopolymer content. In bioreactor study, the final cell dry weight was 19.61g/l, containing 14.29g/l biopolymer. The structure of the produced polymer was chemically characterized by proton NMR analysis. Assessment of thermal and mechanical properties demonstrated that the quadripolymer possessed decreased crystallinity and improved toughness, in comparison to poly-3-hydroxybutyrate homopolymer. This is the first study reporting efficient microbial production of the quadripolymer poly(glycolate-co-lactate-co-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) from glucose.
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16
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Aziz NA, Huong KH, Sipaut CS, Amirul AA. A fed-batch strategy to produce high poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) terpolymer yield with enhanced mechanical properties in bioreactor. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2017; 40:1643-1656. [PMID: 28762009 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-017-1820-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study reports an efficient fed-batch strategy to improve poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB-co-3HV-co-4HB)] terpolymer production by Cupriavidus sp. USMAA2-4 with enhanced mechanical properties in bioreactor. The cultivations have been performed by combining oleic acid with γ-butyrolactone at different concentration ratios with 1-pentanol at a fixed concentration. The batch and fed-batch fermentations have resulted in P(3HB-co-3HV-co-4HB) with compositions of 9-35 mol% 3HV and 4-24 mol% 4HB monomers. The DO-stat fed-batch fermentation strategies have significantly improved the production with a maximum 4.4-fold increment of cell dry weight (CDW). Besides, appropriate feeding of the substrates has resulted in an increment of terpolymer productivity from 0.086-0.347 g/L/h, with a significantly shortened cultivation time. The bacterial growth and terpolymer formation have been found to be affected by the concentration of carbon sources supplied. Characterization of P(3HB-co-3HV-co-4HB) has demonstrated that incorporation of 3HV and 4HB monomer has significantly improved the physical and thermodynamic properties of the polymers, by reducing the polymer's crystallinity. The tensile strength, Young's modulus of the terpolymer has been discovered to increase with the increase of M w. The fed-batch fermentation strategies employed in this study have resulted in terpolymers with a range of flexible materials having improved tensile strength and Young's modulus as compared to the terpolymer produced from batch fermentation. Possession of lower melting temperature indicates an enhanced thermal stability which broadens the polymer processing window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nursolehah Abd Aziz
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Kai-Hee Huong
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia.,Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, MOSTI, NIBM, 11700, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Coswald Stephen Sipaut
- Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering and Information Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88999, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - A A Amirul
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia. .,Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals, MOSTI, NIBM, 11700, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia. .,Centre for Chemical Biology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11900, Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia.
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17
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Srirangan K, Bruder M, Akawi L, Miscevic D, Kilpatrick S, Moo-Young M, Chou CP. Recent advances in engineering propionyl-CoA metabolism for microbial production of value-added chemicals and biofuels. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2016; 37:701-722. [PMID: 27557613 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2016.1216391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Diminishing fossil fuel reserves and mounting environmental concerns associated with petrochemical manufacturing practices have generated significant interests in developing whole-cell biocatalytic systems for the production of value-added chemicals and biofuels. Although acetyl-CoA is a common natural biogenic precursor for the biosynthesis of numerous metabolites, propionyl-CoA is unpopular and non-native to most organisms. Nevertheless, with its C3-acyl moiety as a discrete building block, propionyl-CoA can serve as another key biogenic precursor to several biological products of industrial importance. As a result, engineering propionyl-CoA metabolism, particularly in genetically tractable hosts with the use of inexpensive feedstocks, has paved an avenue for novel biomanufacturing. Herein, we present a systematic review on manipulation of propionyl-CoA metabolism as well as relevant genetic and metabolic engineering strategies for microbial production of value-added chemicals and biofuels, including odd-chain alcohols and organic acids, bio(co)polymers and polyketides. [Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Bruder
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , ON , Canada
| | - Lamees Akawi
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , ON , Canada
| | - Dragan Miscevic
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , ON , Canada
| | - Shane Kilpatrick
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , ON , Canada
| | - Murray Moo-Young
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , ON , Canada
| | - C Perry Chou
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Waterloo , Waterloo , ON , Canada
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Effective enhancement of hydroxyvalerate content of PHBV in Cupriavidus necator and its characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 87:397-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for the production of hydroxy fatty acids from glucose. BMC Biotechnol 2016; 16:26. [PMID: 26956722 PMCID: PMC4782510 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-016-0257-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hydroxy fatty acids (HFAs) are valuable chemicals for a broad variety of applications. However, commercial production of HFAs has not been established so far due to the lack of low cost routes for their synthesis. Although the microbial transformation pathway of HFAs was extensively studied decades ago, these attempts mainly focused on converting fatty acids or vegetable oils to their hydroxyl counterparts. The use of a wider range of feedstocks to produce HFAs would reduce the dependence on oil crops and be expected to cut down the manufacturing cost. Results In this study, the industrially important microorganism Escherichia coli was engineered to produce HFAs directly from glucose. Through the coexpression of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) and the leadless acyl-CoA thioesterase (‘TesA), and knockout of the endogenous acyl-CoA synthetase (FadD), an engineered E. coli strain was constructed to efficiently synthesize free fatty acids (FFAs). Under shake-flask conditions, 244.8 mg/L of FFAs were obtained by a 12 h induced culture. Then the fatty acid hydroxylase (CYP102A1) from Bacillus megaterium was introduced into this strain and high-level production of HFAs was achieved. The finally engineered strain BL21ΔfadD/pE-A1’tesA&pA-acc accumulated up to 58.7 mg/L of HFAs in the culture broth. About 24 % of the FFAs generated by the thioesterase were converted to HFAs. Fatty acid composition analysis showed that the HFAs mainly consisted of 9-hydroxydecanoic acid (9-OH-C10), 11-hydroxydodecanoic acid (11-OH-C12), 10-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid (10-OH-C16) and 12-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid (12-OH-C18). Fed-batch fermentation of this strain further increased the final titer of HFAs to 548 mg/L. Conclusions A robust HFA-producing strain was successfully constructed using glucose as the feedstock, which demonstrated a novel strategy for bioproduction of HFAs. The results of this work suggest that metabolically engineered E. coli has the potential to be a microbial cell factory for large-scale production of HFAs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12896-016-0257-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Strong PJ, Laycock B, Mahamud SNS, Jensen PD, Lant PA, Tyson G, Pratt S. The Opportunity for High-Performance Biomaterials from Methane. Microorganisms 2016; 4:E11. [PMID: 27681905 PMCID: PMC5029516 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms4010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biopolymers are widely recognised as outstanding candidates to replace conventional petroleum-derived polymers. Their mechanical properties are good and can be tailored through copolymer composition, they are biodegradable, and unlike many alternatives, they do not rely on oil-based feedstocks. Further, they are the only commodity polymer that can be synthesised intracellularly, ensuring stereoregularity and high molecular weight. However, despite offering enormous potential for many years, they are still not making a significant impact. This is broadly because commercial uptake has been limited by variable performance (inconsistent polymer properties) and high production costs of the raw polymer. Additionally, the main type of PHA produced naturally is poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), which has limited scope due to its brittle nature and low thermal stability, as well as its tendency to embrittle over time. Production cost is strongly impacted by the type of the feedstock used. In this article we consider: the production of PHAs from methanotrophs using methane as a cost-effective substrate; the use of mixed cultures, as opposed to pure strains; and strategies to generate a poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) copolymer (PHBV), which has more desirable qualities such as toughness and elasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter James Strong
- Centre for Solid Waste Bioprocessing, School of Civil Engineering and School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Bronwyn Laycock
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | | | - Paul Douglas Jensen
- Advanced Water Management Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Paul Andrew Lant
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Gene Tyson
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Steven Pratt
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
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Moorkoth D, Nampoothiri KM. Production and characterization of poly(3-hydroxy butyrate-co-3 hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) by a novel halotolerant mangrove isolate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 201:253-260. [PMID: 26684174 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A halophilic mangrove isolate identified by 16S rRNA sequence as a Bacillus spp. was found to be capable of using a broad range of carbon sources including monosaccharides (glucose and fructose), disaccharides (sucrose), pentoses (xylose and arabinose), various organic acids (acetic acid, propionic acid and octanoic acid) and even the acid pre-treated liquor (APL) of sugarcane trash, a lignocellulosic biomass, for growth and the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) such as poly(3-hydroxybutyrate, P3HB), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate, PHBV), and 4-hydroxyhexanoate, 4HHX). The study describes the innate ability of a wild-type culture for PHBV production by both propionate dependent and propionate independent pathways. The biopolymer was extracted and characterized physico-chemically. The PHBV yield from glucose was estimated to be 73% of biomass weight with a high 3-hydroxyvalerate fraction of 48mol%. Thereafter, spherical homogenous PHBV nanoparticles of ∼164nm size were prepared for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya Moorkoth
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum, 695 019 Kerala, India
| | - Kesavan Madhavan Nampoothiri
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR - National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Trivandrum, 695 019 Kerala, India.
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22
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Biosynthesis, property comparison, and hemocompatibility of bacterial and haloarchaeal poly(3-hydroxybutyrate- co -3-hydroxyvalerate). Sci Bull (Beijing) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-015-0923-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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23
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Bhatia SK, Yi DH, Kim HJ, Jeon JM, Kim YH, Sathiyanarayanan G, Seo HM, Lee JH, Kim JH, Park K, Brigham CJ, Yang YH. Overexpression of succinyl-CoA synthase for poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) production in engineered Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). J Appl Microbiol 2015; 119:724-35. [PMID: 26109231 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aims to increase the 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) fraction in poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [P(HB-co-HV)] using succinyl-CoA synthase. METHODS AND RESULTS Escherichia coli YH090, a polyhydroxyalkonate (PHA)-producing strain, was further engineered for overexpression of succinyl-CoA synthase genes (sucCD), and examined for P(HB-co-HV) copolymer production in the presence of various precursor molecules using mixture analysis. Glycerol, succinate and propionate were screened as important factors for controlling intracellular PHA accumulation and monomer composition. Glycerol concentrations exerted the greatest influence on the overall biomass concentration and the intracellular PHA content, while propionate concentrations in the presence of succinate influenced the 3HV content of the copolymer. Mixture analysis also demonstrated that the engineered strain has the capacity to accumulate up to 80% of its cell dry weight (CDW) as PHA with a variable fraction of 3HV monomer (maximum of 72 wt %) depending on the controlled conditions. CONCLUSIONS Propionate is the principal precursor for 3HV monomer in P(HB-co-HV) biopolymer and its utilization requires conversion to propionyl-CoA. Engineered E. coli YHY99, overexpressing sucCD genes, leads to an increase of the succinyl-CoA pool, which enhances the conversion rate of propionate by providing a CoA supply to other acyltransferase enzymes that have a role in propionate utilization. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Engineered E. coli YHY99 was able to utilize propionate with a 4·5-fold increase in rate, as compared to the control strain, and resulted in the synthesis of a copolymer with high 3HV monomer content.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - D-H Yi
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - H-J Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J-M Jeon
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y-H Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - G Sathiyanarayanan
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - H M Seo
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J H Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J-H Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - K Park
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Jochiwon, Sejong City, Korea
| | - C J Brigham
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA, USA
| | - Y-H Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Applications (CBRU), Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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Influence of Feeding and Controlled Dissolved Oxygen Level on the Production of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-Hydroxyvalerate) Copolymer by Cupriavidus sp. USMAA2-4 and Its Characterization. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 176:1315-34. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1648-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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25
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Zhang YZ, Liu GM, Weng WQ, Ding JY, Liu SJ. Engineering of Ralstonia eutropha for the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) from glucose. J Biotechnol 2015; 195:82-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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26
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Zhang Y, Lin Z, Liu Q, Li Y, Wang Z, Ma H, Chen T, Zhao X. Engineering of Serine-Deamination pathway, Entner-Doudoroff pathway and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex to improve poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) production in Escherichia coli. Microb Cell Fact 2014; 13:172. [PMID: 25510247 PMCID: PMC4279783 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-014-0172-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), a biodegradable bio-plastic, is one of the most common homopolymer of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). PHB is synthesized by a variety of microorganisms as intracellular carbon and energy storage compounds in response to environmental stresses. Bio-based production of PHB from renewable feedstock is a promising and sustainable alternative to the petroleum-based chemical synthesis of plastics. In this study, a novel strategy was applied to improve the PHB biosynthesis from different carbon sources. Results In this research, we have constructed E. coli strains to produce PHB by engineering the Serine-Deamination (SD) pathway, the Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway, and the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex. Firstly, co-overexpression of sdaA (encodes L-serine deaminase), L-serine biosynthesis genes and pgk (encodes phosphoglycerate kinase) activated the SD Pathway, and the resulting strain SD02 (pBHR68), harboring the PHB biosynthesis genes from Ralstonia eutropha, produced 4.86 g/L PHB using glucose as the sole carbon source, representing a 2.34-fold increase compared to the reference strain. In addition, activating the ED pathway together with overexpressing the PDH complex further increased the PHB production to 5.54 g/L with content of 81.1% CDW. The intracellular acetyl-CoA concentration and the [NADPH]/[NADP+] ratio were enhanced after the modification of SD pathway, ED pathway and the PDH complex. Meanwhile, these engineering strains also had a significant increase in PHB concentration and content when xylose or glycerol was used as carbon source. Conclusions Significant levels of PHB biosynthesis from different kinds of carbon sources can be achieved by engineering the Serine-Deamination pathway, Entner-Doudoroff pathway and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in E. coli JM109 harboring the PHB biosynthesis genes from Ralstonia eutropha. This work demonstrates a novel strategy for improving PHB production in E. coli. The strategy reported here should be useful for the bio-based production of PHB from renewable resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China. .,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China. .,Edinburg-Tianjin Joint Research Centre for Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Zhenquan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China. .,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China. .,Edinburg-Tianjin Joint Research Centre for Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Qiaojie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China. .,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China. .,Edinburg-Tianjin Joint Research Centre for Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Yifan Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China. .,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China. .,Edinburg-Tianjin Joint Research Centre for Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China. .,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China. .,Edinburg-Tianjin Joint Research Centre for Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Hongwu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China. .,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China. .,Edinburg-Tianjin Joint Research Centre for Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Xueming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China. .,SynBio Research Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China. .,Edinburg-Tianjin Joint Research Centre for Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Le Meur S, Zinn M, Egli T, Thöny-Meyer L, Ren Q. Poly(4-hydroxybutyrate) (P4HB) production in recombinant Escherichia coli: P4HB synthesis is uncoupled with cell growth. Microb Cell Fact 2013; 12:123. [PMID: 24325175 PMCID: PMC3878837 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2859-12-123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poly(4-hydroxybutyrate) (P4HB), belonging to the family of bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), is a strong, flexible and absorbable material which has a large variety of medical applications like tissue engineering and drug delivery. For efficient production of P4HB recombinant Escherichia coli has been employed. It was previously found that the P4HB synthesis is co-related with the cell growth. In this study, we aimed to investigate the physiology of P4HB synthesis, and to reduce the total production cost by using cheap and widely available xylose as the growth substrate and sodium 4-hydroxybutyrate (Na-4HB) as the precursor for P4HB synthesis. RESULTS Six different E. coli strains which are able to utilize xylose as carbon source were compared for their ability to accumulate P4HB. E. coli JM109 was found to be the best strain regarding the specific growth rate and the P4HB content. The effect of growth conditions such as temperature and physiological stage of Na-4HB addition on P4HB synthesis was also studied in E. coli JM109 recombinant in batch culture. Under the tested conditions, a cellular P4HB content in the range of 58 to 70% (w w(-1)) and P4HB concentrations in the range of 2.76 to 4.33 g L(-1) were obtained with a conversion yield (Y(P4HB/Na-4HB)) of 92% w w(-1) in single stage batch cultures. Interestingly, three phases were identified during P4HB production: the "growth phase", in which the cells grew exponentially, the "accumulation phase", in which the exponential cell growth stopped while P4HB was accumulated exponentially, and the "stagnation phase", in which the P4HB accumulation stopped and the total biomass remained constant. CONCLUSIONS P4HB synthesis was found to be separated from the cell growth, i.e. P4HB synthesis mainly took place after the end of the exponential cell growth. High conversion rate and P4HB contents from xylose and precursor were achieved here by simple batch culture, which was only possible previously through fed-batch high cell density cultures with glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Qun Ren
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014, St, Gallen, Switzerland.
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28
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Chen X, Zhou L, Tian K, Kumar A, Singh S, Prior BA, Wang Z. Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli: A sustainable industrial platform for bio-based chemical production. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:1200-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Propionyl-CoA dependent biosynthesis of 2-hydroxybutyrate containing polyhydroxyalkanoates in metabolically engineered Escherichia coli. J Biotechnol 2013; 165:93-8. [PMID: 23524059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 03/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported in vivo biosynthesis of 2-hydroxyacid containing polyesters including polylactic acid (PLA), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-lactate) [P(3HB-co-LA)], and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-2-hydroxybutyrate-co-lactate) [P(3HB-co-2HB-co-LA)] employing metabolically engineered Escherichia coli strains by the introduction of evolved Clostridium propionicum propionyl-CoA transferase (Pct(Cp)) and Pseudomonas sp. MBEL 6-19 polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase 1 (PhaC1(Ps6-19)). In this study, we further engineered in vivo PLA biosynthesis system in E. coli to synthesize 2HB-containing PHA, in which propionyl-CoA was used as precursor for 2-ketobutyrate that was converted into 2HB-CoA by the sequential actions of Lactococcus lactis (D)-2-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (PanE) and Pct(Cp) and then 2HB-CoA was polymerized by PhaC1(Ps6-19). The recombinant E. coli XL1-blue expressing the phaC1437 gene, the pct540 gene, and the Ralstonia eutropha prpE gene together with the panE gene could be grown to 0.66 g/L and successfully produced P(70 mol%3HB-co-18 mol%2HB-co-12 mol%LA) up to the PHA content of 66 wt% from 20 g/L of glucose, 2 g/L of 3HB and 1 g/L of sodium propionate. Removal of the prpC gene in the chromosome of E. coli XL1-blue could increase the mole fraction of 2HB in copolymer, but the PHA content was decreased. The metabolic engineering strategy reported here suggests that propionyl-CoA can be successfully used as the precursor to provide PHA synthase with 2HB-CoA for the production of PHAs containing 2HB monomer.
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Multiple propionyl coenzyme A-supplying pathways for production of the bioplastic poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) in Haloferax mediterranei. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:2922-31. [PMID: 23435886 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03915-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Haloferax mediterranei is able to accumulate the bioplastic poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) with more than 10 mol% 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) from unrelated carbon sources. However, the pathways that produce propionyl coenzyme A (propionyl-CoA), an important precursor of 3HV monomer, have not yet been determined. Bioinformatic analysis of H. mediterranei genome indicated that this strain uses multiple pathways for propionyl-CoA biosynthesis, including the citramalate/2-oxobutyrate pathway, the aspartate/2-oxobutyrate pathway, the methylmalonyl-CoA pathway, and a novel 3-hydroxypropionate pathway. Cofeeding of pathway intermediates and inactivating pathway-specific genes supported that these four pathways were indeed involved in the biosynthesis of 3HV monomer. The novel 3-hydroxypropionate pathway that couples CO2 assimilation with PHBV biosynthesis was further confirmed by analysis of (13)C positional enrichment in 3HV. Notably, (13)C metabolic flux analysis showed that the citramalate/2-oxobutyrate pathway (53.0% flux) and the 3-hydroxypropionate pathway (30.6% flux) were the two main generators of propionyl-CoA from glucose. In addition, genetic perturbation on the transcriptome of the ΔphaEC mutant (deficient in PHBV accumulation) revealed that a considerable number of genes in the four propionyl-CoA synthetic pathways were significantly downregulated. We determined for the first time four propionyl-CoA-supplying pathways for PHBV production in haloarchaea, particularly including a new 3-hydroxypropionate pathway. These results would provide novel strategies for the production of PHBV with controllable 3HV molar fraction.
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Microbial production of poly(hydroxybutyrate) from C₁ carbon sources. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:1407-24. [PMID: 23306640 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4649-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Revised: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is an attractive substitute for petrochemical plastic due to its similar properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. The cost of scaled-up PHB production inhibits its widespread usage. Intensive researches are growing to reduce costs and improve thermomechanical, physical, and processing properties of this green biopolymer. Among cheap substrates which are used for reducing total cost of PHB production, some C₁ carbon sources, e.g., methane, methanol, and CO₂ have received a great deal of attention due to their serious role in greenhouse problem. This article reviews the fundamentals of strategies for reducing PHA production and moves on to the applications of several cheap substrates with a special emphasis on methane, methanol, and CO₂. Also, some explanation for involved microorganisms including the hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria and methanotrophs, their history, culture condition, and nutritional requirements are given. After description of some important strains among the hydrogen-oxidizing and methanotrophic producers of PHB, the article is focused on limitations, threats, and opportunities for application and their future trends.
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Rostkowski KH, Criddle CS, Lepech MD. Cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment for a cradle-to-cradle cycle: biogas-to-bioplastic (and back). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:9822-9829. [PMID: 22775327 DOI: 10.1021/es204541w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
At present, most synthetic organic materials are produced from fossil carbon feedstock that is regenerated over time scales of millions of years. Biobased alternatives can be rapidly renewed in cradle-to-cradle cycles (1-10 years). Such materials extend landfill life and decrease undesirable impacts due to material persistence. This work develops a LCA for synthesis of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) from methane with subsequent biodegradation of PHB back to biogas (40-70% methane, 30-60% carbon dioxide). The parameters for this cradle-to-cradle cycle for PHB production are developed and used as the basis for a cradle-to-gate LCA. PHB production from biogas methane is shown to be preferable to its production from cultivated feedstock due to the energy and land required for the feedstock cultivation and fermentation. For the PHB-methane cycle, the major challenges are PHB recovery and demands for energy. Some or all of the energy requirements can be satisfied using renewable energy, such as a portion of the collected biogas methane. Oxidation of 18-26% of the methane in a biogas stream can meet the energy demands for aeration and agitation, and recovery of PHB synthesized from the remaining 74-82%. Effective coupling of waste-to-energy technologies could thus conceivably enable PHB production without imported carbon and energy.
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Yang YH, Brigham C, Song E, Jeon JM, Rha C, Sinskey A. Biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) containing a predominant amount of 3-hydroxyvalerate by engineered Escherichia coli expressing propionate-CoA transferase. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 113:815-23. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05391.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y.-H. Yang
- Department of Microbial Engineering, College of Engineering; Konkuk University; Seoul; South Korea
| | - C.J. Brigham
- Department of Biology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge; MA; USA
| | - E. Song
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Bioengineering Institute, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Seoul National University; Seoul; South Korea
| | - J.-M. Jeon
- Department of Microbial Engineering, College of Engineering; Konkuk University; Seoul; South Korea
| | - C.K. Rha
- Biomaterials Science and Engineering Laboratory; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge; MA; USA
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Yee LN, Chuah JA, Chong ML, Phang LY, Raha AR, Sudesh K, Hassan MA. Molecular characterisation of phaCAB from Comamonas sp. EB172 for functional expression in Escherichia coli JM109. Microbiol Res 2012; 167:550-7. [PMID: 22281521 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, PHA biosynthesis operon of Comamonas sp. EB172, an acid-tolerant strain, consisting of three genes encoding acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase (phaA(Co) gene, 1182 bp), acetoacetyl-CoA reductase (phaB(Co) gene, 738 bp) and PHA synthase, class I (phaC(Co) gene, 1694 bp) were identified. Sequence analysis of the phaA(Co), phaB(Co) and phaC(Co) genes revealed that they shared more than 85%, 89% and 69% identity, respectively, with orthologues from Delftia acidovorans SPH-1 and Acidovorax ebreus TPSY. The PHA biosynthesis genes (phaC(Co) and phaAB(Co)) were successfully cloned in a heterologous host, Escherichia coli JM109. E. coli JM109 transformants harbouring pGEM'-phaC(Co)AB(Re) and pGEM'-phaC(Re)AB(Co) were shown to be functionally active synthesising 33 wt.% and 17 wt.% of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)]. E. coli JM109 transformant harbouring the three genes from the acid-tolerant Comamonas sp. EB172 (phaCAB(Co)) under the control of native promoter from Cupriavidus necator, in vivo polymerised P(3HB) when fed with glucose and volatile mixed organic acids (acetic acid:propionic acid:n-butyric acid) in ration of 3:1:1, respectively. The E. coli JM109 transformant harbouring phaCAB(Co) could accumulate P(3HB) at 2g/L of propionic acid. P(3HB) contents of 40.9% and 43.6% were achieved by using 1% of glucose and mixed organic acids, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Ngit Yee
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Chien CC, Li HH, Soo PC, Chen SY, Wei YH, Chen WM. Effects of different substrate composition on biosynthesis of polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate by recombinant Escherichia coli. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2011; 166:796-804. [PMID: 22203393 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-011-9469-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cupriavidus necator is well known for its ability to accumulate polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). When supplemented with propionic acid (or sodium propionate) in the growth medium, the bacterium is also able to synthesize polyhydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV). In order to increase the fraction of 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) in PHBV, we cloned the propionate permease gene prpP from C. necator and the propionyl-CoA synthase gene prpE from Cupriavidus taiwanensis and transformed into an Escherichia coli containing phaCAB operon of C. necator. The effects on PHBV accumulation in cells co-expressed with phaCAB and prpE or prpP in the media contained mixed carbon sources (glucose and sodium propionate) were evaluated. The HV fraction in PHBV increased when prpE or prpP was overexpressed in the cells. Concentrations of yeast extracts could also affect the fraction of HV. In addition, when glucose was replaced by sodium pyruvate, sodium succinate, or sodium gluconate, only PHB were detected in the recombinant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ching Chien
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, 135 Yuan-Tung Rd, Chung-Li, 320 Taiwan.
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Examining the feasibility of bulk commodity production in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Lett 2011; 34:585-96. [PMID: 22160295 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-011-0821-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is currently used by many research institutions and companies around the world as a platform organism for the development of bio-based production processes for bulk biochemicals. A given bulk biochemical bioprocess must be economically competitive with current production routes. Ideally the viability of each bioprocess should be evaluated prior to commencing research, both by metabolic network analysis (to determine the maximum theoretical yield of a given biocatalyst) and by techno-economic analysis (TEA; to determine the conditions required to make the bioprocess cost-competitive). However, these steps are rarely performed. Here we examine theoretical yields and review available TEA for bulk biochemical production in E. coli. In addition, we examine fermentation feedstocks and review recent strain engineering approaches to achieve industrially-relevant production, using examples for which TEA has been performed: ethanol, poly-3-hydroxybutyrate, and 1,3-propanediol.
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Gao X, Chen JC, Wu Q, Chen GQ. Polyhydroxyalkanoates as a source of chemicals, polymers, and biofuels. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2011; 22:768-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2011] [Revised: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Berezina N. Enhancing the 3-hydroxyvalerate component in bioplastic PHBV production by Cupriavidus necator. Biotechnol J 2011; 7:304-9. [PMID: 21905226 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201100191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the current context of global warming, the substitution of conventional plastics with bioplastics is a challenge. To take up this challenge, we must meet different technical and economic constraints. In the case of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), the technical properties can be modulated by varying the 3-hydroxyvalerate content. 3-Hydroxyvalerate (3-HV) enhancement is an issue; therefore, simultaneous evaluation of several 3-hydroxyvalerate-enhancing substrates through fractional factorial design of experiments is described. Eight substrates citric, valeric, propionic, and levulinic acids; propanol; pentanol; and sodium propionate were studied for 3-HV enhancement, and sodium glutamate was studied for biomass and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) enhancement. The most efficient 3-hydroxyvalerate-enhancing factors were levulinic acid, sodium propionate, and pentanol; however, pentanol, at a concentration of 1 g/L, had an extremely negative influence on biomass production and the PHA content of cells. The effect of the inoculum nutrient composition on the final 3-HVcontent was also evaluated. These results showed that the most efficient combination for the production of high 3-HVcontent in PHBV was primary inoculum growth on mineral medium followed by fermentation for 48 h with levulinic acid and sodium propionate (at 1 g/L) as the only carbon sources. This allowed us to produce PHBV with a 3-HVcontent of 80 mol % and overall volumetric and specific productivities of 2 mg/L/h and 3.9 mg/g(CDW) /h, respectively, with the addition of only 2 g/L of inducing substances.
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Production in Escherichia coli of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) with differing monomer compositions from unrelated carbon sources. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:4886-93. [PMID: 21652742 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00091-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The industrial production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) has been hindered by high cost and a complex control strategy caused by the addition of propionate. In this study, based on analysis of the PHBV biosynthesis process, we developed a PHBV biosynthetic pathway from a single unrelated carbon source via threonine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. To accomplish this, we (i) overexpressed threonine deaminase, which is the key factor for providing propionyl-coenzyme A (propionyl-CoA), from different host bacteria, (ii) removed the feedback inhibition of threonine by mutating and overexpressing the thrABC operon in E. coli, and (iii) knocked out the competitive pathways of catalytic conversion of propionyl-CoA to 3-hydroxyvaleryl-CoA. Finally, we constructed a series of strains and mutants which were able to produce the PHBV copolymer with differing monomer compositions in a modified M9 medium supplemented with 20 g/liter xylose. The largest 3-hydroxyvalerate fraction obtained in the copolymer was 17.5 mol%.
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Sankhla IS, Bhati R, Singh AK, Mallick N. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) co-polymer production from a local isolate, Brevibacillus invocatus MTCC 9039. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2010; 101:1947-1953. [PMID: 19900805 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2009] [Revised: 09/30/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [P(3HB-co-3HV)] co-polymer by a local isolate, Brevibacillus invocatus MTCC 9039 under batch mode was investigated under glucose, acetate and propionate-supplemented conditions. Cells harvested at the stationary phase of growth depicted maximum accumulation of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), i.e. 3% of dry cell weight (dcw) at pH 7.0 and temperature 30 degrees C at 48h of incubation. PHB accumulation reached up to 52% (dcw) under 3% glucose with 1% acetate supplementation. P(3HB-co-3HV) co-polymer synthesis was observed under propionate-supplemented condition, which reached up to 45% under 3% glucose with 1% propionate supplementation. Optimization of process parameters by response surface methodology (RSM) resulted into co-polymer accumulation up to 65% (dcw) at 2.08% glucose, 1.62% acetate, 0.75% propionate and 2.15 g l(-1) KH(2)PO(4) concentrations. This co-polymer exhibited comparable material properties with the commercial [P(3HB-co-3HV)] co-polymers, whereas the elasticity was tremendously high and could be comparable with polypropylene. Thus, B. invocatus MTCC 9039 is emerging as an interesting organism and could be exploited further for P(3HB-co-3HV) co-polymer production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Singh Sankhla
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
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Ryu HW, Cho KS, Goodrich PR, Park CH. Production of polyhydroxyalkanoates by Azotobacter vinelandii UWD using swine wastewater: Effect of supplementing glucose, yeast extract, and inorganic salts. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-008-0072-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Liu XW, Wang HH, Chen JY, Li XT, Chen GQ. Biosynthesis of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) by recombinant Escherichia coli harboring propionyl-CoA synthase gene (prpE) or propionate permease gene (prpP). Biochem Eng J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2008.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lee WH, Loo CY, Nomura CT, Sudesh K. Biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymers from mixtures of plant oils and 3-hydroxyvalerate precursors. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:6844-6851. [PMID: 18325764 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.01.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2007] [Revised: 01/21/2008] [Accepted: 01/26/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The combination of plant oils and 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) precursors were evaluated for the biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) copolymers containing 3HV monomers by Cupriavidus necator H16. Among various mixtures of plant oils and 3HV-precursors, the mixture of palm kernel oil and sodium propionate was suitable for the biosynthesis of high concentration of PHA (6.8gL(-1)) containing 7mol% of 3HV. The 3HV monomer composition can be regulated in the range of 0-23mol% by changing culture parameters such as the initial pH, and the nitrogen source and its concentration. PHA copolymers with high weight-average molecular weights (Mw) ranging from 1,400,000 to 3,100,000Da were successfully produced from mixtures of plant oils and 3HV-precursors. The mixture of plant oils and sodium propionate resulted in PHA copolymers with higher M(w) compared to the mixture of plant oils and sodium valerate. DSC analysis on the PHA containing 3HV monomers showed the presence of two distinct melting temperature (Tm), which indicated that the PHA synthesized might be a blend of P(3HB) and P(3HB-co-3HV). Sodium propionate appears to be the better precursor of 3HV than sodium valerate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Hin Lee
- Ecobiomaterial Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
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Poly-β-hydroxyalkanoate production by halotolerant Rhodobacter sphaeroides U7. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-008-9712-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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46
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Wong MS, Causey TB, Mantzaris N, Bennett GN, San KY. Engineering poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) copolymer composition inE. coli. Biotechnol Bioeng 2008; 99:919-28. [PMID: 17787008 DOI: 10.1002/bit.21641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A strain of Escherichia coli was metabolically engineered to produce poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) of specified composition between 5% and 18% HV. A gene encoding propionyl-CoA synthetase (prpE from S. enterica) was placed under the control of the IPTG-inducible tac promoter (P(taclacUV5)) while the polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesis operon (phaBCA) from R. eutropha was expressed constitutively. A strain of E. coli harboring both plasmids was grown in defined medium and PHBV was produced with specified hydroxyvalerate (HV) molar content between 5% and 18%. The molecular weight of the copolymer was approximately 700,000 across various HV contents, and average polydispersity was approximately 1.3. The majority of the PHBV production occurred during the late exponential/stationary phase. The HV content of the copolymer generally peaked early in the incubation before falling to its final value. We found that the time profiles of PrpE activity, propionyl-CoA, and acetyl-CoA were well correlated to the HV content time profile. Despite an abundance of propionyl-CoA, incorporation of HV into the copolymer was inefficient. Therefore, both the PHA operon and conditions affecting the availability of propionyl-CoA must be chosen carefully to achieve the desired HV content. The ability to engineer copolymer composition control into an E. coli strain would be useful in cases where the feedstock composition is not adjustable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Wong
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, USA
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Li R, Zhang H, Qi Q. The production of polyhydroxyalkanoates in recombinant Escherichia coli. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2007; 98:2313-20. [PMID: 17097289 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2006.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2006] [Revised: 08/25/2006] [Accepted: 09/05/2006] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyhydroxyalkanoates, the natural polyester that many microorganisms accumulate to store carbon and reducing equivalents, have been considered as a future alternative of traditional plastic due to their special properties. In Escherichia coli, a previous non-polyhydroxyalkanoates producer, pathway engineering has been developed as a very powerful approach to set up microbial production process through the introduction of direct genetic changes by recombinant DNA technology. Various metabolic pathways leading to the polyhydroxyalkanoates accumulation with desirable properties at low-cost and high-productivity have been developed. At the same time, high density fermentation technology of E. coli provides an efficient polyhydroxyalkanoates production strategy. This review focused on metabolic engineering, fermentation and downstream process aiming to polyhydroxyalkanoates production in E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, Life Science School, Shandong University, 250100 Jinan, PR China
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Pitera DJ, Paddon CJ, Newman JD, Keasling JD. Balancing a heterologous mevalonate pathway for improved isoprenoid production in Escherichia coli. Metab Eng 2007; 9:193-207. [PMID: 17239639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2006.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2006] [Revised: 10/25/2006] [Accepted: 11/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Engineering biosynthetic pathways in microbes for the production of complex chemicals and pharmaceuticals is an attractive alternative to chemical synthesis. However, in transferring large pathways to alternate hosts and manipulating expression levels, the native regulation of carbon flux through the pathway may be lost leading to imbalances in the pathways. Previously, Escherichia coli was engineered to produce large quantities of isoprenoids by creating a mevalonate-based isopentenyl pyrophosphate biosynthetic pathway [Martin, V.J., Pitera, D.J., Withers, S.T., Newman, J.D., Keasling, J.D., 2003. Engineering a mevalonate pathway in Escherichia coli for production of terpenoids. Nat. Biotechnol. 21, 796-802]. The strain produces high levels of isoprenoids, but upon further investigation we discovered that the accumulation of pathway intermediates limited flux and that high-level expression of the mevalonate pathway enzymes inhibited cell growth. Gene titration studies and metabolite profiling using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry linked the growth inhibition phenotype with the accumulation of the pathway intermediate 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). Such an accumulation implies that the activity of HMG-CoA reductase was insufficient to balance flux in the engineered pathway. By modulating HMG-CoA reductase production, we eliminated the pathway bottleneck and increased mevalonate production. These results demonstrate that balancing carbon flux through the heterologous pathway is a key determinant in optimizing isoprenoid biosynthesis in microbial hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Pitera
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1462, USA
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Loo CY, Sudesh K. Biosynthesis and native granule characteristics of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) in Delftia acidovorans. Int J Biol Macromol 2006; 40:466-71. [PMID: 17207850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2006.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2006] [Revised: 10/17/2006] [Accepted: 11/12/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The ability of Delftia acidovorans to incorporate a broad range of 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) monomers into polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) copolymers was evaluated in this study. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) [P(3HB-co-3HV)] containing 0-90 mol% of 3HV was obtained when a mixture of sodium 3-hydroxybutyrate and sodium valerate was used as the carbon sources. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed an interesting aspect of the P(3HB-co-3HV) granules containing high molar ratios of 3HV whereby, the copolymer granules were generally larger than those of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] granules, despite having almost the same cellular PHA contents. The large number of P(3HB-co-3HV) granules occupying almost the entire cell volume did not correspond to a higher amount of polymer by weight. This indicated that the granules of P(3HB-co-3HV) contain polymer chains that are loosely packed and therefore have lower density than P(3HB) granules. It was also interesting to note that a decrease in the length of the side chain from 3HV to 4-hydroxybutyrate (4HB) corresponded to an increase in the density of the respective PHA granules. The presence of longer side chain monomers (3HV) in the PHA structure seem to exhibit steric effects that prevent the polymer chains in the granules from being closely packed. The results reported here have important implications on the maximum ability of bacterial cells to accumulate PHA containing monomers with longer side chain length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yee Loo
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
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Dias JML, Lemos PC, Serafim LS, Oliveira C, Eiroa M, Albuquerque MGE, Ramos AM, Oliveira R, Reis MAM. Recent Advances in Polyhydroxyalkanoate Production by Mixed Aerobic Cultures: From the Substrate to the Final Product. Macromol Biosci 2006; 6:885-906. [PMID: 17099863 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200600112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Numerous bacteria have been found to exhibit the capacity for intracellular polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) accumulation. Current methods for PHA production at the industrial scale are based on their synthesis from microbial isolates in either their wild form or by recombinant strains. High production costs are associated with these methods; thus, attempts have been made to develop more cost-effective processes. Reducing the cost of the carbon substrates (e.g., through feeding renewable wastes) and increasing the efficiency of production technologies (including both fermentation and downstream extraction and recovery) are two such examples of these attempts. PHA production processes based on mixed microbial cultures are being investigated as a possible technology to decrease production costs, since no sterilization is required and bacteria can adapt quite well to the complex substrates that may be present in waste material. PHA accumulation by mixed cultures has been found under various operational conditions and configurations at both bench-scale and full-scale production. The process known as "feast and famine" or as "aerobic dynamic feeding" seems to have a high potential for PHA production by mixed cultures. Enriched cultures submitted to a transient carbon supply can synthesize PHA at levels comparable to those of pure cultures. Indeed, the intracellular PHA content can reach around 70% of the cell dry weight, suggesting that this process could be competitive with pure culture PHA production when fully developed. Basic and applied research of the PHA production process by mixed cultures has been carried out in the past decade, focusing on areas such as microbial characterization, process configuration, reactor operational strategies, process modeling and control, and polymer characterization. This paper presents a review of the PHA production process with mixed cultures, encompassing the findings reported in the literature as well as our own experimental results in relation to each of these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- João M L Dias
- Chemistry Department, REQUIMTE/CQFB, FCT/Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal
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