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Ribeiro AJ, Silva KA, Lopes LDS, Resende CAA, Couto CAP, Gandra IB, Pereira IAG, Barcelos ICDS, Pereira SP, Xavier SR, Tavares GDSV, Machado JM, Da Paz MC, Chávez-Fumagalli MA, Coelho EAF, Giunchetti RC, Chaves AT, Dutra WO, Gonçalves AAM, Galdino AS. The use of peptides for immunodiagnosis of human Chagas disease. Amino Acids 2024; 56:35. [PMID: 38698213 PMCID: PMC11065921 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-024-03394-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by the protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi, continues to be a serious public health problem in Latin America, worsened by the limitations in its detection. Given the importance of developing new diagnostic methods for this disease, the present review aimed to verify the number of publications dedicated to research on peptides that demonstrate their usefulness in serodiagnosis. To this end, a bibliographic survey was conducted on the PubMed platform using the keyword "peptide" or "epitope" combined with "Chagas disease" or "Trypanosoma cruzi"; "diagno*" or "serodiagnosis" or "immunodiagnosis", without period restriction. An increasing number of publications on studies employing peptides in ELISA and rapid tests assays was verified, which confirms the expansion of research in this field. It is possible to observe that many of the peptides tested so far originate from proteins widely used in the diagnosis of Chagas, and many of them are part of commercial tests developed. In this sense, as expected, promising results were obtained for several peptides when tested in ELISA, as many of them exhibited sensitivity and specificity values above 90%. Furthermore, some peptides have been tested in several studies, confirming their diagnostic potential. Despite the promising results observed, it is possible to emphasize the need for extensive testing of peptides, using different serological panels, in order to confirm their potential. The importance of producing an effective assay capable of detecting the clinical stages of the disease, as well as new immunogenic antigens that enable new serological diagnostic tools for Chagas disease, is evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Julia Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, e Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biotecnologia Industrial (INCT-BI), Divinópolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Kamila Alves Silva
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, e Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biotecnologia Industrial (INCT-BI), Divinópolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Lucas da Silva Lopes
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, e Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biotecnologia Industrial (INCT-BI), Divinópolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ananias Aparecido Resende
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, e Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biotecnologia Industrial (INCT-BI), Divinópolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Carolina Alves Petit Couto
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, e Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biotecnologia Industrial (INCT-BI), Divinópolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Isadora Braga Gandra
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, e Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biotecnologia Industrial (INCT-BI), Divinópolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Isabela Amorim Gonçalves Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Isabelle Caroline Dos Santos Barcelos
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, e Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biotecnologia Industrial (INCT-BI), Divinópolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Paula Pereira
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, e Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biotecnologia Industrial (INCT-BI), Divinópolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Sandra Rodrigues Xavier
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, e Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biotecnologia Industrial (INCT-BI), Divinópolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Grasiele de Sousa Viera Tavares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Juliana Martins Machado
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, e Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biotecnologia Industrial (INCT-BI), Divinópolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Mariana Campos Da Paz
- Laboratório de Bioativos e Nanobiotecnologia, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Miguel Angel Chávez-Fumagalli
- Computational Biology and Chemistry Research Group, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Católica de Santa María, Arequipa, 04000, Peru
| | - Eduardo Antonio Ferraz Coelho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Cordeiro Giunchetti
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, e Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ana Thereza Chaves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde: Infectologia e Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30130-100, Brazil
| | - Walderez Ornelas Dutra
- Laboratório de Biologia das Interações Celulares, Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, e Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Doenças Tropicais (INCT-DT), Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Ana Alice Maia Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, e Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biotecnologia Industrial (INCT-BI), Divinópolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil
| | - Alexsandro Sobreira Galdino
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Universidade Federal de São João Del-Rei, Divinópolis, e Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biotecnologia Industrial (INCT-BI), Divinópolis, MG, 35501-296, Brazil.
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De Alba-Alvarado MC, Torres-Gutiérrez E, Reynoso-Ducoing OA, Zenteno-Galindo E, Cabrera-Bravo M, Guevara-Gómez Y, Salazar-Schettino PM, Rivera-Fernández N, Bucio-Torres MI. Immunopathological Mechanisms Underlying Cardiac Damage in Chagas Disease. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020335. [PMID: 36839607 PMCID: PMC9959418 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In Chagas disease, the mechanisms involved in cardiac damage are an active field of study. The factors underlying the evolution of lesions following infection by Trypanosoma cruzi and, in some cases, the persistence of its antigens and the host response, with the ensuing development of clinically observable cardiac damage, are analyzed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Citlalli De Alba-Alvarado
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, México City 04510, Mexico
| | - Elia Torres-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, México City 04510, Mexico
| | - Olivia Alicia Reynoso-Ducoing
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, México City 04510, Mexico
| | - Edgar Zenteno-Galindo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, México City 04510, Mexico
| | - Margarita Cabrera-Bravo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, México City 04510, Mexico
| | - Yolanda Guevara-Gómez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, México City 04510, Mexico
| | - Paz María Salazar-Schettino
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, México City 04510, Mexico
| | - Norma Rivera-Fernández
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, México City 04510, Mexico
- Correspondence: (N.R.-F.); (M.I.B-T.)
| | - Martha Irene Bucio-Torres
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, México City 04510, Mexico
- Correspondence: (N.R.-F.); (M.I.B-T.)
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Rodríguez-Angulo HO, Lamsfus-Calle A, Isoler-Alcaráz J, Galán-Martínez J, Herreros-Cabello A, Callejas-Hernández F, Chorro-de-Villaceballos MA, Maza MC, Santi-Rocca J, Poveda C, Moral-Salmoral JD, Marques J, Mendoza I, Ramírez JD, Guhl F, Carrillo I, Pérez-Tanoira R, Górgolas M, Pérez-Ayala A, Monge-Maillo B, Norman F, Pérez-Molina JA, López-Vélez R, Fresno M, Gironès N. Autoantibodies against the immunodominant sCha epitope discriminate the risk of sudden death in chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2021; 1497:27-38. [PMID: 33682151 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In Chagas disease (ChD) caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, new biomarkers to predict chronic cardiac pathology are urgently needed. Previous studies in chagasic patients with mild symptomatology showed that antibodies against the immunodominant R3 epitope of sCha, a fragment of the human basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor like 5, correlated with cardiac pathology. To validate sCha as a biomarker and to understand the origin of anti-sCha antibodies, we conducted a multicenter study with several cohorts of chagasic patients with severe cardiac symptomatology. We found that levels of antibodies against sCha discriminated the high risk of sudden death, indicating they could be useful for ChD prognosis. We investigated the origin of the antibodies and performed an alanine scan of the R3 epitope. We identified a minimal epitope MRQLD, and a BLAST search retrieved several T. cruzi antigens. Five of the hits had known or putative functions, of which phosphonopyruvate decarboxylase showed the highest cross-reactivity with sCha, confirming the role of molecular mimicry in the development of anti-sCha antibodies. Altogether, we demonstrate that the development of antibodies against sCha, which originated by molecular mimicry with T. cruzi antigens, could discriminate electrocardiographic alterations associated with a high risk of sudden death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrés Lamsfus-Calle
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,VIVEbiotech S. L., Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | - Javier Galán-Martínez
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Sanitario de Investigación Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - María A Chorro-de-Villaceballos
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Sanitario de Investigación Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - María C Maza
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julien Santi-Rocca
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Science and Healthcare for Oral Welfare - SHOW, Toulouse, France
| | - Cristina Poveda
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Juan Marques
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Iván Mendoza
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Juan David Ramírez
- Grupo de Investigaciones Microbiológicas-UR (GIMUR), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Felipe Guhl
- Centro de Investigaciones en Parasitología Tropical - CIMPAT, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Irene Carrillo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón Pérez-Tanoira
- Division of Infectious Diseases, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Microbiología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Górgolas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Pérez-Ayala
- National Referral Unit for Tropical Diseases, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Monge-Maillo
- National Referral Unit for Tropical Diseases, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesca Norman
- National Referral Unit for Tropical Diseases, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Pérez-Molina
- National Referral Unit for Tropical Diseases, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rogelio López-Vélez
- National Referral Unit for Tropical Diseases, Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Fresno
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Sanitario de Investigación Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Gironès
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Sanitario de Investigación Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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Niborski LL, Potenza M, Chirivi RGS, Simonetti L, Ossowski MS, Grippo V, May M, Staquicini DI, Parodi-Talice A, Robello C, Comini MA, Alonso GD, Raats JMH, Gómez KA. Recombinant antibody against Trypanosoma cruzi from patients with chronic Chagas heart disease recognizes mammalian nervous system. EBioMedicine 2021; 63:103206. [PMID: 33429173 PMCID: PMC7809174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To deeply understand the role of antibodies in the context of Trypanosoma cruzi infection, we decided to characterize A2R1, a parasite antibody selected from single-chain variable fragment (scFv) phage display libraries constructed from B cells of chronic Chagas heart disease patients. METHODS Immunoblot, ELISA, cytometry, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical assays were used to characterize A2R1 reactivity. To identify the antibody target, we performed an immunoprecipitation and two-dimensional electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry and confirmed A2R1 specific interaction by producing the antigen in different expression systems. Based on these data, we carried out a comparative in silico analysis of the protein target´s orthologues, focusing mainly on post-translational modifications. FINDINGS A2R1 recognizes a parasite protein of ~50 kDa present in all life cycle stages of T. cruzi, as well as in other members of the kinetoplastid family, showing a defined immunofluorescence labeling pattern consistent with the cytoskeleton. A2R1 binds to tubulin, but this interaction relies on its post-translational modifications. Interestingly, this antibody also targets mammalian tubulin only present in brain, staining in and around cell bodies of the human peripheral and central nervous system. INTERPRETATION Our findings demonstrate for the first time the existence of a human antibody against T. cruzi tubulin capable of cross-reacting with a human neural protein. This work re-emphasizes the role of molecular mimicry between host and parasitic antigens in the development of pathological manifestations of T. cruzi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia L Niborski
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Potenza
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Micaela S Ossowski
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vanina Grippo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria May
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela I Staquicini
- Departamento de Microbiología, Inmunología e Parasitología, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Parodi-Talice
- Unidad de Biología Molecular, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay; Sección Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carlos Robello
- Unidad de Biología Molecular, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay; Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marcelo A Comini
- Group Redox Biology of Trypanosomes, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Guillermo D Alonso
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Karina A Gómez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular (INGEBI-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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De Bona E, Lidani KCF, Bavia L, Omidian Z, Gremski LH, Sandri TL, de Messias Reason IJ. Autoimmunity in Chronic Chagas Disease: A Road of Multiple Pathways to Cardiomyopathy? Front Immunol 2018; 9:1842. [PMID: 30127792 PMCID: PMC6088212 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease (CD), a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, affects around six million individuals in Latin America. Currently, CD occurs worldwide, becoming a significant public health concern due to its silent aspect and high morbimortality rate. T. cruzi presents different escape strategies which allow its evasion from the host immune system, enabling its persistence and the establishment of chronic infection which leads to the development of chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC). The potent immune stimuli generated by T. cruzi persistence may result in tissue damage and inflammatory response. In addition, molecular mimicry between parasites molecules and host proteins may result in cross-reaction with self-molecules and consequently in autoimmune features including autoantibodies and autoreactive cells. Although controversial, there is evidence demonstrating a role for autoimmunity in the clinical progression of CCC. Nevertheless, the exact mechanism underlying the generation of an autoimmune response in human CD progression is unknown. In this review, we summarize the recent findings and hypotheses related to the autoimmune mechanisms involved in the development and progression of CCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elidiana De Bona
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Kárita Cláudia Freitas Lidani
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Lorena Bavia
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Zahra Omidian
- Department of Pathology, Division of Immunology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Thaisa Lucas Sandri
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Iara J de Messias Reason
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunopathology, Department of Clinical Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Pereira NDS, Queiroga TBD, Nunes DF, Andrade CDM, Nascimento MSL, Do-Valle-Matta MA, da Câmara ACJ, Galvão LMDC, Guedes PMM, Chiari E. Innate immune receptors over expression correlate with chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy and digestive damage in patients. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006589. [PMID: 30044791 PMCID: PMC6078325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy (CCC) is observed in 30% to 50% of the individuals infected by Trypanosoma cruzi and heart failure is the important cause of death among patients in the chronic phase of Chagas disease. Although some studies have elucidated the role of adaptive immune responses involving T and B lymphocytes in cardiac pathogenesis, the role of innate immunity receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and Nod-like receptors (NLRs) in CCC pathophysiology has not yet been determined. In this study, we evaluated the association among innate immune receptors (TLR1-9 and nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor protein 3/NLRP3), its adapter molecules (Myd88, TRIF, ASC and caspase-1) and cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, IL-23, TNF-α, and IFN-β) with clinical manifestation, digestive and cardiac function in patients with different clinical forms of chronic Chagas disease. The TLR8 mRNA expression levels were enhanced in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from digestive and cardiodigestive patients compared to indeterminate and cardiac patients. Furthermore, mRNA expression of IFN-β (cytokine produced after TLR8 activation) was higher in digestive and cardiodigestive patients when compared to indeterminate. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between TLR8 and IFN-β mRNA expression with sigmoid and rectum size. Cardiac and cardiodigestive patients presented higher TLR2, IL-12 and TNF-α mRNA expression than indeterminate and digestive patients. Moreover, cardiac patients also expressed higher levels of NLRP3, ASC and IL-1β mRNAs than indeterminate patients. In addition, we showed a negative correlation among TLR2, IL-1β, IL-12 and TNF-α levels with left ventricular ejection fraction, and positive correlation between NLRP3 with cardiothoracic index, and TLR2, IL-1β and IL-12 with left ventricular mass index. Together, our data suggest that high expression of innate immune receptors in cardiac and digestive patients may induce an enhancement of cytokine expression and participate of cardiac and digestive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie de Sena Pereira
- Department of Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- School of Health, Potiguar University, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela Ferreira Nunes
- Department of Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cléber de Mesquita Andrade
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Rio Grande do Norte State, Rio Grande do Norte, Mossoró, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Paulo Marcos Matta Guedes
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Egler Chiari
- Department of Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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7
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Bayles RG, Olivas A, Denfeld Q, Woodward WR, Fei SS, Gao L, Habecker BA. Transcriptomic and neurochemical analysis of the stellate ganglia in mice highlights sex differences. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8963. [PMID: 29895973 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27306-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The stellate ganglia are the predominant source of sympathetic innervation to the heart. Remodeling of the nerves projecting to the heart has been observed in several cardiovascular diseases, however studies of adult stellate ganglia are limited. A profile of the baseline transcriptomic and neurochemical characteristics of the stellate ganglia in adult C57Bl6j mice, a common model for the study of cardiovascular diseases, may aid future investigations. We have generated a dataset of baseline measurements of mouse stellate ganglia using RNAseq, HPLC and mass spectrometry. Expression differences between male and female mice were identified. These differences included physiologically important genes for growth factors, receptors and ion channels. While the neurochemical profiles of male and female stellate ganglia were not different, minor differences in neurotransmitter content were identified in heart tissue.
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Bonney KM, Engman DM. Autoimmune pathogenesis of Chagas heart disease: looking back, looking ahead. Am J Pathol 2015; 185:1537-47. [PMID: 25857229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Chagas heart disease is an inflammatory cardiomyopathy that develops in approximately one-third of individuals infected with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Since the discovery of T. cruzi by Carlos Chagas >100 years ago, much has been learned about Chagas disease pathogenesis; however, the outcome of T. cruzi infection is highly variable and difficult to predict. Many mechanisms have been proposed to promote tissue inflammation, but the determinants and the relative importance of each have yet to be fully elucidated. The notion that some factor other than the parasite significantly contributes to the development of myocarditis was hypothesized by the first physician-scientists who noted the conspicuous absence of parasites in the hearts of those who succumbed to Chagas disease. One of these factors-autoimmunity-has been extensively studied for more than half a century. Although questions regarding the functional role of autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of Chagas disease remain unanswered, the development of autoimmune responses during infection clearly occurs in some individuals, and the implications that this autoimmunity may be pathogenic are significant. In this review, we summarize what is known about the pathogenesis of Chagas heart disease and conclude with a view of the future of Chagas disease diagnosis, pathogenesis, therapy, and prevention, emphasizing recent advances in these areas that aid in the management of Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Bonney
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - David M Engman
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; Department of Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
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9
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Pinazo MJ, Thomas MC, Bua J, Perrone A, Schijman AG, Viotti RJ, Ramsey JM, Ribeiro I, Sosa-Estani S, López MC, Gascon J. Biological markers for evaluating therapeutic efficacy in Chagas disease, a systematic review. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2015; 12:479-96. [PMID: 24621252 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2014.899150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The most neglected aspects of Chagas disease (CD) have been patient care and treatment. Despite recent progress in the development of potentially improved drugs, there is no consensus among different research groups on the lack of therapeutic response markers to evaluate efficacy of newly proposed drugs early after treatment. A systematic review of current evidence regarding molecules which are potential biomarkers for therapeutic response has been conducted using quality assessment and target responses as primary criteria. The review provides a panorama of the cumulative evidence and specific needs for development of a battery of complementary biomarkers which together fulfill ideal or acceptable criteria to evaluate early responses to treatment for chronic CD. There are several marker candidates which together may fulfill acceptable criteria to indicate the efficacy of a trypanocidal treatment. Data from ongoing studies are considered essential to improve assessment of existing markers and to identify those for early follow-up of treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Jesús Pinazo
- Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona), 132 Rosello st 4°,08036, Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Requena-Méndez A, López MC, Angheben A, Izquierdo L, Ribeiro I, Pinazo MJ, Gascon J, Muñoz J. Evaluating Chagas disease progression and cure through blood-derived biomarkers: a systematic review. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 11:957-76. [DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2013.824718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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11
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Abstract
Acute Trypanosoma cruzi infections can be asymptomatic, but chronically infected individuals can die of Chagas' disease. The transfer of the parasite mitochondrial kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) minicircle to the genome of chagasic patients can explain the pathogenesis of the disease; in cases of Chagas' disease with evident cardiomyopathy, the kDNA minicircles integrate mainly into retrotransposons at several chromosomes, but the minicircles are also detected in coding regions of genes that regulate cell growth, differentiation, and immune responses. An accurate evaluation of the role played by the genotype alterations in the autoimmune rejection of self-tissues in Chagas' disease is achieved with the cross-kingdom chicken model system, which is refractory to T. cruzi infections. The inoculation of T. cruzi into embryonated eggs prior to incubation generates parasite-free chicks, which retain the kDNA minicircle sequence mainly in the macrochromosome coding genes. Crossbreeding transfers the kDNA mutations to the chicken progeny. The kDNA-mutated chickens develop severe cardiomyopathy in adult life and die of heart failure. The phenotyping of the lesions revealed that cytotoxic CD45, CD8(+) γδ, and CD8α(+) T lymphocytes carry out the rejection of the chicken heart. These results suggest that the inflammatory cardiomyopathy of Chagas' disease is a genetically driven autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio R L Teixeira
- Chagas Disease Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil.
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12
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Bonney KM, Taylor JM, Daniels MD, Epting CL, Engman DM. Heat-killed Trypanosoma cruzi induces acute cardiac damage and polyantigenic autoimmunity. PLoS One 2011; 6:e14571. [PMID: 21283741 PMCID: PMC3024973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas heart disease, caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is a potentially fatal cardiomyopathy often associated with cardiac autoimmunity. T. cruzi infection induces the development of autoimmunity to a number of antigens via molecular mimicry and other mechanisms, but the genesis and pathogenic potential of this autoimmune response has not been fully elucidated. To determine whether exposure to T. cruzi antigens alone in the absence of active infection is sufficient to induce autoimmunity, we immunized A/J mice with heat-killed T. cruzi (HKTC) emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant, and compared the resulting immune response to that induced by infection with live T. cruzi. We found that HKTC immunization is capable of inducing acute cardiac damage, as evidenced by elevated serum cardiac troponin I, and that this damage is associated with the generation of polyantigenic humoral and cell-mediated autoimmunity with similar antigen specificity to that induced by infection with T. cruzi. However, while significant and preferential production of Th1 and Th17-associated cytokines, accompanied by myocarditis, develops in T. cruzi-infected mice, HKTC-immunized mice produce lower levels of these cytokines, do not develop Th1-skewed immunity, and lack tissue inflammation. These results demonstrate that exposure to parasite antigen alone is sufficient to induce autoimmunity and cardiac damage, yet additional immune factors, including a dominant Th1/Th17 immune response, are likely required to induce cardiac inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Bonney
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
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13
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Abstract
The scarcity of Trypanosoma cruzi in inflammatory lesions of chronic Chagas disease led early investigators to suggest that tissue damage had an autoimmune nature. In spite of parasite persistence in chronic Chagas disease, several reports indicate that inflammatory tissue damage may not be correlated to the local presence of T. cruzi. A significant number of reports have described autoantibodies and self-reactive T cells, often cross-reactive with T. cruzi antigens, both in patients and in animal models. Evidence for a direct pathogenetic role of autoimmunity was suggested by the development of lesions after immunization with T. cruzi antigens or passive transfer of lymphocytes from infected animals, and the amelioration of chronic myocarditis in animals made tolerant to myocardial antigens. Autoimmune and T. cruzi-specific innate or adaptative responses are not incompatible or mutually exclusive, and it is likely that a combination of both is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic Chagas disease cardiomyopathy. The association between persistent infection and autoimmune diseases-such as multiple sclerosis or diabetes mellitus-suggests that post-infectious autoimmunity may be a frequent finding. Here, we critically review evidence for autoimmune phenomena and their possible pathogenetic role in human Chagas disease and animal models, with a focus on chronic Chagas disease cardiomyopathy.
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14
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Abstract
Chagas disease (CD) is caused by the infection with the protozoan haemoflagellate Trypanosoma cruzi. This disease is still a great menace to public health, and is largely neglected as it affects mostly the poorest populations of Latin America. Nonetheless, there are neither effective diagnostic markers nor therapeutic options to accurately detect and efficiently cure this chronic infection. In spite of the great advances in the knowledge of the biology of natural transmission, as well as the immunobiology of the host-parasite interaction, the understanding of the pathogenesis of CD remains largely elusive. In the recent decades, a controversy in the research community has developed about the relevance of parasite persistence or autoimmune phenomena in the development of chronic cardiac pathology. One of the most notable aspects of chronic CD is the progressive deterioration of cardiac function, derived mostly from structural derangement, as a consequence of the intense inflammatory process. Here we review the evidence supporting the multifactorial nature of Chagas heart disease comprising pathogen persistence and altered host immunoregulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- F R S Gutierrez
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Cunha-Neto E, Bilate AM, Hyland KV, Fonseca SG, Kalil J, Engman DM. Induction of cardiac autoimmunity in Chagas heart disease: A case for molecular mimicry. Autoimmunity 2009; 39:41-54. [PMID: 16455581 DOI: 10.1080/08916930500485002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Up to 18 million of individuals are infected by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi in Latin America, one third of whom will develop chronic Chagas disease cardiomyopathy (CCC) up to 30 years after infection. Cardiomyocyte destruction is associated with a T cell-rich inflammatory infiltrate and fibrosis. The presence of such lesions in the relative scarcity of parasites in the heart, suggested that CCC might be due, in part, to a postinfectious autoimmune process. Over the last two decades, a significant amount of reports of autoimmune and molecular mimicry phenomena have been described in CCC. The authors will review the evidence in support of an autoimmune basis for CCC pathogenesis in humans and experimental animals, with a special emphasis on molecular mimicry as a fundamental mechanism of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edecio Cunha-Neto
- Heart Institute (InCor), Laboratory of Immunology, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Abstract
Chagas heart disease (CHD), caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is the leading cause of infectious myocarditis in the world. The etiology of CHD is unclear and multiple mechanisms have been proposed to explain the pathogenesis of the disease. This review describes the proposed mechanisms of CHD pathogenesis and evaluates the historical significance and evidence supporting each. Although the majority of CHD-related pathologies are currently attributed to parasite persistence in the myocardium and autoimmunity, there is strong evidence that CHD develops as a result of additive and even synergistic effects of several distinct mechanisms rather than one factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Bonney
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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17
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Gironès N, Carrasco-Marin E, Cuervo H, Guerrero NA, Sanoja C, John S, Flores-Herráez R, Fernández-Prieto L, Chico-Calero I, Salgado H, Carrión J, Fresno M. Role of Trypanosoma cruzi autoreactive T cells in the generation of cardiac pathology. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1107:434-44. [PMID: 17804572 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1381.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, affects several million people in Central and South America. About 30% of chronic patients develop cardiomyopathy probably caused by parasite persistence and/or autoimmunity. While several cross-reactive antibodies generated during mammal T. cruzi infection have been described, very few cross-reactive T cells have been identified. We performed adoptive transfer experiments of T cells isolated from chronically infected mice. The results showed the generation of cardiac pathology in the absence of parasites. We also transferred cross-reactive SAPA-specific T cells and observed unspecific alterations in heart repolarization, cardiac inflammatory infiltration, and tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Gironès
- Centro de Biología Molecular, CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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18
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Hyland KV, Leon JS, Daniels MD, Giafis N, Woods LM, Bahk TJ, Wang K, Engman DM. Modulation of autoimmunity by treatment of an infectious disease. Infect Immun 2007; 75:3641-50. [PMID: 17485457 PMCID: PMC1932944 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00423-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2007] [Revised: 04/16/2007] [Accepted: 04/26/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas' heart disease (CHD), caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, is the most common form of myocarditis in Central America and South America. Some humans and experimental animals develop both humoral and cell-mediated cardiac-specific autoimmunity during infection. Benznidazole, a trypanocidal drug, is effective at reducing parasite load and decreasing the severity of myocarditis in acutely infected patients. We hypothesized that the magnitude of autoimmunity that develops following T. cruzi infection is directly proportional to the amount of damage caused by the parasite. To test this hypothesis, we used benznidazole to reduce the number of parasites in an experimental model of CHD and determined whether this treatment altered the autoimmune response. Infection of A/J mice with the Brazil strain of T. cruzi leads to the development of severe inflammation, fibrosis, necrosis, and parasitosis in the heart accompanied by vigorous cardiac myosin-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and antibody production at 21 days postinfection. Mice succumbed to infection within a month if left untreated. Treatment of infected mice with benznidazole eliminated mortality and decreased disease severity. Treatment also reduced cardiac myosin-specific DTH and antibody production. Reinfection of treated mice with a heart-derived, virulent strain of T. cruzi or immunization with myosin led to the redevelopment of myosin-specific autoimmune responses and inflammation. These results provide a direct link between the levels of T. cruzi and the presence of autoimmunity and suggest that elimination of the parasite may result in the reduction or elimination of autoimmunity in the chronic phase of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth V Hyland
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology and Pathology, Northwestern University, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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19
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Savino W, Villa-Verde DMS, Mendes-da-Cruz DA, Silva-Monteiro E, Perez AR, Aoki MDP, Bottasso O, Guiñazú N, Silva-Barbosa SD, Gea S. Cytokines and cell adhesion receptors in the regulation of immunity to Trypanosoma cruzi. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2007; 18:107-24. [PMID: 17339126 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2007.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pathophysiology of Chagas' disease is not completely defined, although innate and adaptative immune responses are crucial. In acute infection some parasite antigens can activate macrophages, and this may result in pro-inflammatory cytokine production, nitric oxide synthesis, and consequent control of parasitemia and mortality. Cell-mediated immunity in Trypanosoma cruzi infection is also modulated by cytokines, but in addition to parasite-specific responses, autoimmunity can be also triggered. Importantly, cytokines may also play a role in the cell-mediated immunity of infected subjects. Finally, leukocyte influx towards target tissues is regulated by cytokines, chemokines, and extracellular matrix components which may represent potential therapeutic targets in infected patients. Here we will discuss recent findings on the role of cytokines, chemokines and extracellular matrix components in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity during T. cruzi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Savino
- Laboratory of Thymus Research, Department of Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ave. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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20
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Abstract
Chagas' disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, has been considered a paradigm of infection-induced autoimmune disease. Thus, the scarcity of parasites in the chronic phase of the disease contrasts with the severe cardiac pathology observed in approximately 30% of chronic patients and suggested a role for autoimmunity as the origin of the pathology. Antigen-specific and antigen-non-specific mechanisms have been described by which T. cruzi infection might activate T and B cells, leading to autoimmunity. Among the first mechanisms, molecular mimicry has been claimed as the most important mechanism leading to autoimmunity and pathology in the chronic phase of this disease. In this regard, various T. cruzi antigens, such as B13, cruzipain and Cha, cross-react with host antigens at the B or T cell level and their role in pathogenesis has been widely studied. Immunization with those antigens and/or passive transfer of autoreactive T lymphocytes in mice lead to clinical disturbances similar to those found in Chagas' disease patients. On the other hand, the parasite is becoming increasingly detected in chronically infected hosts and may also be the cause of pathology either directly or through parasite-specific mediated inflammatory responses. Thus, the issue of autoimmunity versus parasite persistence as the cause of Chagas' disease pathology is hotly debated among many researchers in the field. We critically review here the evidence in favor of and against autoimmunity through molecular mimicry as responsible for Chagas' disease pathology from clinical, pathological and immunological perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Gironès
- Centro de Biología Molecular, CSIC-UAM, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
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Guiñazú N, Pellegrini A, Giordanengo L, Aoki MP, Rivarola HW, Cano R, Rodrigues MM, Gea S. Immune response to a major Trypanosoma cruzi antigen, cruzipain, is differentially modulated in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. Microbes Infect 2004; 6:1250-8. [PMID: 15555530 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2004.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2004] [Accepted: 07/21/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BALB/c mice immunized with cruzipain, a major Trypanosoma cruzi antigen, produce specific and autoreactive immune responses against heart myosin, associated with cardiac functional and structural abnormalities. Preferential activation of the Th2 phenotype and an increase in cell populations expressing CD19+, Mac-1+ and Gr-1+ markers were found in the spleens of these mice. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether cardiac autoimmunity could be induced by cruzipain immunization of C57BL/6 mice and to compare the immune response elicited with that of BALB/c mice. We demonstrate that immune C57BL/6 splenocytes, re-stimulated in vitro with cruzipain, produced high levels of IFNgamma and low levels of IL-4 compatible with a Th1 profile. In contrast to BALB/c mice, spleens from cruzipain immune C57BL/6 mice revealed no significant changes in the number of cells presenting CD19+, Mac-1+ and Gr-1+ markers. An increased secretion of TGFbeta and a greater number of CD4+ TGFbeta+ cells were found in immune C57BL/6 but not in BALB/c mice. These findings were associated with the lack of autoreactive response against heart myosin and a myosin- or cruzipain-derived peptide. Thus, the differential immune response elicited in C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice upon cruzipain immunization is implicated in the resistance or pathogenesis of experimental Chagas' disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Guiñazú
- Inmunología, Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende S/N, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Gironès
- Centro de Biología Molecular, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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