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Deepa CK, Varghese A, Ajith Kumar KG, Nandini A, Kumar GS, Hembram PK, Dinesh CN, Juliet S, Vergis J, Sindhu OK, Ravindran R. Evaluation of recombinant Babesia gibsoni thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (BgTRAP) for the sero-diagnosis of canine babesiosis. Exp Parasitol 2023; 254:108621. [PMID: 37722650 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Canine babesiosis, caused by Babesia gibsoni is one of the most significant tick-borne illnesses across the world. Light microscopy as well as polymerase chain reaction may fail in the diagnosis of disease when the level of parasitaemia is very low during subclinical and chronic cases. The serological techniques using a recombinant protein will be useful for the accurate and sensitive surveillance of the disease, especially in chronic cases. The present study describes the evaluation of recombinant N-terminal B. gibsoni Thrombospondin-related adhesive protein (BgTRAP) based indirect ELISA for the sero-diagnosis of B. gibsoni infection in dogs. A partial N-terminal BgTRAP gene (870 bp) of B. gibsoni, was expressed in Escherichia coli using a pET32a (+) vector. The recombinant BgTRAP based indirect ELISA was compared with the PCR targeting the same gene. A sensitivity and a specificity of 84% and 73.33% were observed in the indirect ELISA. The accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 78.18%, 72.30%, 84.60% respectively. The rBgTRAP antigen did not show any cross-reactivity with sera from dogs infected with common helminth parasites viz. Ancylostoma caninum, Dirofilaria immitis, D. repens, Spirometra spp., Toxocara canis and haemoparasites like Trypanosoma evansi, Babesia vogeli, Hepatozoon canis and Ehrlichia canis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chundayil Kalarickal Deepa
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala, 673 576, India
| | - Anju Varghese
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala, 673 576, India
| | - Karapparambu Gopalan Ajith Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala, 673 576, India
| | - Ashwathappa Nandini
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala, 673 576, India
| | - Gatchanda Shravan Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala, 673 576, India
| | - Prabodh Kumar Hembram
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala, 673 576, India
| | - Chemmangattuvalappil Narendranath Dinesh
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala, 673 576, India
| | - Sanis Juliet
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala, 673 576, India
| | - Jess Vergis
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala, 673 576, India
| | - Ollukkara Krishnan Sindhu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Ethics and Jurisprudence, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala, 673 576, India
| | - Reghu Ravindran
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Kerala Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Wayanad, Kerala, 673 576, India.
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Abdul Lateef Khan K, Sheik Abdul Kader Z. Profiling of Humoral Immune Response in Typhoid Patients against Differentially Extracted Whole Cell Bacterial Protein Derived from S. typhi and S. spp. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis 2023. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/4125588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Typhoid fever is a multiorgan infectious disease caused by Salmonella typhi. It is transmitted through fecal oral route and can be fatal without proper treatment. Therefore, early diagnosis of typhoid fever is crucial. In the previous study, we have developed TYPHOIDYNE EIA, which showed excellent synergy between the genus conserved and species-specific antigens in the serodiagnosis of typhoid fever. TYPHOIDYNE EIA can effectively detect and differentiate typhoid patients, typhoid vaccinated subjects, healthy subjects, and subjects with other febrile illnesses. Following the successful development of TYPHOIDYNE EIA, in this report, we further characterize the antigenic components of differentially extracted S. typhi and S. spp recognized by IgM, IgG, and IgA antibody isotypes in typhoid patients and possible typhoid carrier by the western blot (WB) assay. The WB characterization revealed a dynamic pattern of recognition, with significant variations in the number of antigenic bands observed between the differentially extracted arrays of antigens. The reactivity of patient’s sera was divided into 3 regions, with region 1 (≥55 kDa) showing the strongest reactivity followed by region 2 (54 kDa–34 kDa) and region 3 (<34 kDa). Overall, the good synergy expressed in these bands suggests the potential role of these proteins in differentiating typhoid patients with possible typhoid carrier. The antigenic bands highlighted in this study are also identified as prospective biomarkers for diagnostic use and vaccine development.
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Herrick JA, Nordstrom M, Maloney P, Rodriguez M, Naceanceno K, Gallo G, Mejia R, Hershow R. Parasitic infections represent a significant health threat among recent immigrants in Chicago. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:1139-1148. [PMID: 32008064 PMCID: PMC7075846 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06608-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Parasitic infections are likely under-recognized among immigrant populations in the USA. We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate if such infections have health impacts among recent immigrants in Chicago and to identify predictive factors for parasitic infections. A total of 133 recent immigrants were enrolled, filling out a standardized medical questionnaire and providing blood and stool samples. Appriximately 12% of subjects (15/125) who provided a blood or stool sample for testing were found to have evidence of current or prior infection with a pathogenic parasite, of which Toxocara spp. (8 subjects, 6.4%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (5 subjects, 4%) were most commonly identified. Parasitic infection was more likely among subjects who had immigrated within the previous 2 years and those with a self-reported history of worms in the stool. The most useful surrogate markers identified for parasitic infections were an elevated immunoglobulin E level (seen in 46.7% (7/15) of subjects with parasitic infections and 20% (22/110) of uninfected individuals, p = 0.04) and the presence of Blastocystis hominis cysts on Ova & Parasite exam (detected in 38.5% (5/13) of subjects with parasitic infections who provided a stool sample and 5.1% (5/98) of uninfected subjects, p = 0.002). Our study found that parasitic infections may be common in recent US immigrants, which highlights an important health disparity among a vulnerable population that merits further study. Additionally, clinical risk factors, symptoms, and laboratory findings traditionally thought to be associated with parasites were commonly found but not predictive of infection in this study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesica A. Herrick
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Immunology, and International Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 South Wood, M/C 735, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Monica Nordstrom
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Patrick Maloney
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Miguel Rodriguez
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Kevin Naceanceno
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Gloria Gallo
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
- grid.411249.b0000 0001 0514 7202Science and Technology Institute, Federal University of São Paulo, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rojelio Mejia
- grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Ron Hershow
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Immunology, and International Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 808 South Wood, M/C 735, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319University of Illinois at Chicago School of Public Health, Chicago, IL USA
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Abstract
A review of pulmonary infections of all types with diagnostic and morphological features.
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Salman A, Shufan E, Lapidot I, Tsror L, Moreh R, Mordechai S, Huleihel M. Assignment of Colletotrichum coccodes isolates into vegetative compatibility groups using infrared spectroscopy: a step towards practical application. Analyst 2015; 140:3098-106. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an00213c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
FTIR spectroscopy may provide a specific, rapid, and inexpensive method for the successful classification of Colletotrichum coccodes isolates into vegetative compatibility groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Salman
- Department of Physics
- SCE – Shamoon College of Engineering
- Beer-Sheva 84100
- Israel
| | - E. Shufan
- Department of Physics
- SCE – Shamoon College of Engineering
- Beer-Sheva 84100
- Israel
| | - I. Lapidot
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering ACLP-Afeka Center for Language Processing
- Afeka. Tel-Aviv Academic College of Engineering
- Israel
| | - L. Tsror
- Department of Plant Pathology
- Institute of Plant Protection
- Agricultural Research Organization
- Gilat Research Center
- M.P. Negev
| | - R. Moreh
- Department of Physics
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Beer-Sheva 84105
- Israel
| | - S. Mordechai
- Department of Physics
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Beer-Sheva 84105
- Israel
| | - M. Huleihel
- Department of Microbiology
- Immunology and Genetics
- Faculty of Health Sciences
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
- Beer-Sheva 84105
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Classification of Colletotrichum coccodes isolates into vegetative compatibility groups using infrared attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy and multivariate analysis. Methods 2014; 68:325-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2014.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Grenfell RFQ, Martins W, Enk M, Almeida A, Siqueira L, Silva-Moraes V, Oliveira E, Carneiro NFDF, Coelho PMZ. Schistosoma mansoni in a low-prevalence area in Brazil: the importance of additional methods for the diagnosis of hard-to-detect individual carriers by low-cost immunological assays. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2014; 108:S0074-02762013000300328. [PMID: 23778663 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762013000300011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis diagnosis is based on the detection of eggs in the faeces, which is laborious and lacks sensitivity, especially for patients with a low parasite burden. Immunological assays for specific antibody detection are available, but they usually demonstrate low sensitivity and/or specificity. In this study, two simple immunological assays were evaluated for the detection of soluble Schistosoma mansoni adult worm preparation (SWAP) and egg-specific IgGs. These studies have not yet been evaluated for patients with low parasite burdens. Residents of an endemic area in Brazil donated sera and faecal samples for our study. The patients were initially diagnosed by a rigorous Kato-Katz analysis of 18 thick smears from four different stool samples. The ELISA-SWAP was successful for human diagnosis with 90% sensitivity and specificity, confirming the Kato-Katz diagnosis with nearly perfect agreement, as seen by the Kappa index (0.85). Although the ELISA-soluble S. mansoni egg antigen was 85% sensitive, it exhibited low specificity (80%; Kappa index: 0.75) and was more susceptible to cross-reactivity. We believe that immunological assays should be used in conjunction with Kato-Katz analysis as a supplementary tool for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis for patients with low infection burdens, which are usually hard to detect.
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Yu Q, Yang H, Feng Y, Yang X, Zhu Y. Magnetic affinity enzyme-linked immunoassay based on recombinant 26 kDa glutathione-S-transferase for serological diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica. Acta Trop 2012; 124:199-202. [PMID: 22940100 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2012.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis remains a serious worldwide public health problem. Improving the diagnostic assay for surveillance and monitoring will contribute to hastening the possible elimination of the disease in endemic regions. Therefore, this study aims to develop magnetic affinity enzyme-linked immunoassay (MEIA) for serological diagnosis of schistosomiasis based on recombinant 26kDa glutathione-S-transferase of Schistosoma japonicum (rSj26GST). BALB/c mice infected with S. japonicum cercariae (40 per mouse) were used. After infecting for 6 weeks, the antibody was detected by MEIA. All of the infected mouse sera were effectively determined by MEIA. Compared with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), MEIA has a higher ratio of the mean positive value to the mean negative value (P/N) at the same dilution ratio (3.92 versus 2.66). MEIA was further applied for diagnosis of human schistosomiasis. Sera from 28 schistosomiasis-confirmed patients with low-intensity infection, 15 treated patients, and 20 non-endemic negative controls, were used to assess the assay. The results showed that MEIA and ELISA had similarity in positive detection rates. However, the higher P/N of MEIA was observed at the same dilution ratio. MEIA had high negative rate in detection of specific IgG in the treated patients. Moreover, there was no cross reaction with the sera of paragonimiasis patients. These results suggested that MEIA based on rSj26GST is a simple, rapid, convenient assay for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
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Grenfell RFQ, Martins WH, Silva-Moraes V, Barata SVB, Ribeiro EG, Oliveira E, Coelho PMZ. Antigens of worms and eggs showed a differentiated detection of specific IgG according to the time of Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2012; 45:505-9. [DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822012000400018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The correlation between the immunological assay and the antibody titer can offer a tool for the experimental analysis of different phases of the disease. METHODS: Two simple immunological assays for Schistosoma mansoni in mice sera samples based on specific IgG detection for worms soluble antigens and eggs soluble antigens were standardized and evaluated in our laboratory. Fifty mice were used in negative and positive groups and the results obtained by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) assays were compared with the number of worms counted and the IgG titers at different times of infection. RESULTS: Data showed that ELISA using adult worm antigens (ELISA-SWAP) presented a satisfactory correlation between the absorbance value of IgG titers and the individual number of worms counted after perfusion technique (R²=0.62). In addition, ELISA-SWAP differentially detected positive samples with 30 and 60 days post infection (p=0.011 and 0.003, respectively), whereas ELISA using egg antigens (ELISA-SEA) detected samples after 140 days (p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: These data show that the use of different antigens in immunological methods can be used as potential tools for the analysis of the chronological evolution of S. mansoni infection in murine schistosomiasis. Correlations with human schistosomiasis are discussed.
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Salman A, Pomerantz A, Tsror L, Lapidot I, Moreh R, Mordechai S, Huleihel M. Utilizing FTIR-ATR spectroscopy for classification and relative spectral similarity evaluation of different Colletotrichum coccodes isolates. Analyst 2012; 137:3558-64. [PMID: 22728584 DOI: 10.1039/c2an35233h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Colletotrichum coccodes (C. coccodes) is a pathogenic fungus which causes anthracnose on tomatoes and black dot disease in potatoes. It is important to differentiate among these isolates and to detect the origin of newly discovered isolates, in order to treat the disease in its early stages. However, distinguishing between isolates using common biological methods is time-consuming, and not always available. We used Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR)-Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy and advanced mathematical and statistical methods to distinguish between different isolates of C. coccodes. To our knowledge, this is the first time that FTIR-ATR spectroscopy was used, combined with multivariate analysis, to classify such a large number of 15 isolates belonging to the same species. We obtained a success rate of approximately 90% which was achieved using the region 800-1775 cm(-1). In addition we succeeded in determining the relative spectral similarity between different fungal isolates by developing a new algorithm. This method could be an important potential diagnostic tool in agricultural research, since it may outline the extent of the biological similarity between fungal isolates. Based on the PCA calculations, we grouped the fifteen isolates included in this study into four different degrees of similarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Salman
- Department of Physics, SCE-Shamoon College of Engineering, Beer-Sheva 84100, Israel.
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Zhou YP, Wu ZD, Yang LL, Sun X, You X, Yu XB, Hu W, Zheng HQ, Lv ZY. Cloning, molecular characterization of a 13-kDa antigen from Schistosoma japonicum, Sj13, a putative salivary diagnosis candidate for Schistosomiasis japonica. Parasitol Res 2009; 105:1435-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-009-1575-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Doenhoff MJ, Chiodini PL, Hamilton JV. Specific and sensitive diagnosis of schistosome infection: can it be done with antibodies? Trends Parasitol 2004; 20:35-9. [PMID: 14700588 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2003.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Doenhoff
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales, UK LL57 2UW.
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Lyashchenko K, Colangeli R, Houde M, Al Jahdali H, Menzies D, Gennaro ML. Heterogeneous antibody responses in tuberculosis. Infect Immun 1998; 66:3936-40. [PMID: 9673283 PMCID: PMC108457 DOI: 10.1128/iai.66.8.3936-3940.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody responses during tuberculosis were analyzed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with a panel of 10 protein antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It was shown that serum immunoglobulin G antibodies were produced against a variety of M. tuberculosis antigens and that the vast majority of sera from tuberculosis patients contained antibodies against one or more M. tuberculosis antigens. The number and the species of serologically reactive antigens varied greatly from individual to individual. In a given serum, the level of specific antibodies also varied with the antigen irrespective of the total number of antigens recognized by that particular serum. These findings indicate that person-to-person heterogeneity of antigen recognition, rather than recognition of particular antigens, is a key attribute of the antibody response in tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lyashchenko
- Public Health Research Institute, New York, New York 10016, USA
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Kraoul L, Adjmi H, Lavarde V, Pays JF, Tourte-Schaefer C, Hennequin C. Evaluation of a rapid enzyme immunoassay for diagnosis of hepatic amoebiasis. J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35:1530-2. [PMID: 9163475 PMCID: PMC229780 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.35.6.1530-1532.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We compared the capability of rapid enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to detect antiamoebic antibodies during hepatic amoebiasis with those of indirect hemagglutination and latex agglutination. EIA is simple to perform and rapid (20 min) and does not require any special equipment (optical reading is sufficient). EIA of 143 sera (including 43 from patients with proven hepatic amoebic abscess, 33 from patients with other hepatic disorders and/or parasitic infections, and 67 from healthy individuals) yielded a specificity, a sensitivity, and positive and negative predictive values of 100, 93, 100, and 97.1, respectively. This test could thus be considered another valuable tool for the diagnosis of hepatic amoebiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kraoul
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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Abstract
PURPOSE We reviewed the literature on protozoan infections in the male genital tract, with special reference to histopathological findings and their repercussions on different andrological functions. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature search of the MEDLINE data base from 1966 to May 1995 was done and related articles were identified. The considered terms were parasitology and the male genital organs. Additional searches on infertility, semen and sexually transmitted diseases were performed. RESULTS Protozoan infections of the male genital tract are rare and only a few species of parasites are involved. Trichomonas vaginalis, Trypanosoma species, Leishmania donovani, Entamoeba histolytica, Acanthamoeba species, Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium falciparum have been described in the male genital tract as producing testicular damage or secondary hypogonadism via hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis alterations. CONCLUSIONS Topics of interest were the role of sexual transmission by some parasites, principally T. vaginalis, relationship with subfertility or infertility in the male subject, clinical significance in differential diagnosis with other inflammatory processes, and for some parasites the relationship with opportunistic behavior and immunodeficiency syndromes, including the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Martínez-García
- Department of Morphology and Laboratory of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Autonomous University, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Lima DM, Abrantes-Lemos CP, Hoshino-Shimizu S, Valli LP, Kanamura HH, da Silva LC, Vellosa SA. [Immunodiagnosis of schistosomiasis mansoni with a low parasitic load]. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 1996; 29:145-52. [PMID: 8713606 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86821996000200007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Presently, the schistosomiasis mansoni with low worm burden is frequent, thus immunologic assays of interest for the field diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni light infections were evaluated here. Assays not assessed before (group I) and those requiring better validation (group II) for the screening of light infections were included in this study. In the group I, the immunofluorescence assays for the detection of IgM antibodies to worm antigens (IgM IFAw) and IgG antibodies to egg antigens (IgG IFAe) gave high levels of sensitivity, specificity, efficiency and predictive value of positive. However, the immunoenzymatic assays for the detection of IgM antibodies to worm antigens (IgM ELISAw) and to egg antigens (IgM ELISAe) had lower levels than the former assays. The assays from the group II designed mostly for the detection of IgG antibodies to same parasite antigens showed good diagnostic performance. The data obtained here contributed to evidenciate at least three category of immunoassays, and we concluded that those from the category I are suitable for seroepidemiologic purposes by keeping their diagnostic features unchanged even varying significantly the intensity of S. mansoni infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Lima
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo
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Rosenblatt JE. Laboratory diagnosis of parasitic infections. Mayo Clin Proc 1994; 69:779-80. [PMID: 8035636 DOI: 10.1016/s0025-6196(12)61099-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J E Rosenblatt
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota 55905
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Abstract
Recent advances in diagnostic techniques for parasitic diseases, such as improved serological and molecular techniques, have been accompanied by improvements in the traditional methods involving staining and microscopy. Timing of tests and background information about where the patient has been are important factors. Detailed information is given of the appropriate specimens for diagnosis of protozoan and helminthic infections and of the sensitivity and specificity of the various tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Walker
- Department of Parasitology, Westmead Hospital, NSW
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