1
|
Meldrum KL, Swansiger AK, Daniels MM, Hale WA, Kirmiz Cody C, Qiu X, Knierman M, Sausen J, Prell JS. Gábor Transform-Based Signal Isolation, Rapid Deconvolution, and Quantitation of Intact Protein Ions with Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 38788216 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) is a powerful technique for the characterization and quantitation of complex biological mixtures, with several applications including clinical monitoring and tissue imaging. However, these medical and pharmaceutical applications are pushing the analytical limits of modern HRMS techniques, requiring either further development in instrumentation or data processing methods. Here, we demonstrate new developments in the interactive Fourier-transform analysis for mass spectrometry (iFAMS) software including the first application of Gábor transform (GT) to protein quantitation. Newly added automation tools detect signals from minimal user input and apply thresholds for signal selection, deconvolution, and baseline correction to improve the objectivity and reproducibility of deconvolution. Additional tools were added to improve the deconvolution of highly complex or congested mass spectra and are demonstrated here for the first time. The "Gábor Slicer" enables the user to explore trends in the Gábor spectrogram with instantaneous ion mass estimates accurate to 10 Da. The charge adjuster allows for easy visual confirmation of accurate charge state assignments and quick adjustment if necessary. Deconvolution refinement utilizes a second GT of isotopically resolved data to remove common deconvolution artifacts. To assess the quality of deconvolution from iFAMS, several comparisons are made to deconvolutions using other algorithms such as UniDec and an implementation of MaxEnt in Agilent MassHunter BioConfirm. Lastly, the newly added batch processing and quantitation capabilities of iFAMS are demonstrated and compared to a common extracted ion chromatogram approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayd L Meldrum
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Andrew K Swansiger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Meghan M Daniels
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - Wendi A Hale
- Agilent Technologies, Inc., 5301 Stevens Creek Blvd., Santa Clara, California 95051, United States
| | - Crystal Kirmiz Cody
- Agilent Technologies, Inc., 5301 Stevens Creek Blvd., Santa Clara, California 95051, United States
| | - Xi Qiu
- Agilent Technologies, Inc., 5301 Stevens Creek Blvd., Santa Clara, California 95051, United States
| | - Michael Knierman
- Agilent Technologies, Inc., 5301 Stevens Creek Blvd., Santa Clara, California 95051, United States
| | - John Sausen
- Agilent Technologies, Inc., 5301 Stevens Creek Blvd., Santa Clara, California 95051, United States
| | - James S Prell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
- Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1252, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Victoria Zhang Y, Garg U. Mass Spectrometry in Clinical Laboratory: Applications in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Toxicology. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2737:1-13. [PMID: 38036805 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3541-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) coupled with liquid chromatography (LC) or gas chromatography (GC) has been proven to be a powerful platform in research and specialized clinical laboratories for decades. In clinical laboratories, it is used for compound identification and quantification. Due to the ability to provide specific identification, high sensitivity, and simultaneous analysis of multiple analytes (>100) in recent years, application of MS in routine clinical laboratories has increased significantly. Although MS is used in many laboratory areas, therapeutic drug monitoring, drugs of abuse, and clinical toxicology remain the primary focuses of the field. Due to rapid increase in the number of prescription drugs and drugs of abuse (e.g., novel psychoactive substances), clinical laboratories are challenged with developing new MS assays to meet the clinical needs of the patients. We are here to present "off-the-shelf" and "ready-to-use" protocols of recent developments in new assays to help the clinical laboratory community adopt the technology and analysis for the betterment of patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Victoria Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Uttam Garg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA.
- University of Missouri School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Szczerska M, Wityk P, Listewnik P. The SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies biophotonic sensor. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202200172. [PMID: 36222282 PMCID: PMC9874777 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present the design and the principle of operation of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) biophotonic sensor, which is based on the single-mode telecommunication fiber. We fabricated the sensor head at the face of the single mode fiber-28. Due to the process of bio-functionalization, our sensor has the ability to selectively detect the SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies. The results of preliminary tests allowed us to correctly determine the presence of antibodies in less than 1 min in 5 μl in a volume sample of concentration of 10 μg/ml, which according to studies, corresponds to the concentration of IgG antibodies in human serum. Additionally, the tested sample can be smaller than 5 μl in volume.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Szczerska
- Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and InformaticsGdańsk University of TechnologyGdańskPoland
| | - Paweł Wityk
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and PharmacodynamicsMedical University of GdańskGdańskPoland
| | - Paulina Listewnik
- Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and InformaticsGdańsk University of TechnologyGdańskPoland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Development of simple and rapid method for Emicizumab quantification by LC-MS/MS in human plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 223:115163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.115163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
5
|
Sarin D, Kumar S, Rathore AS. Multiattribute Monitoring of Charge-Based Heterogeneity of Recombinant Monoclonal Antibodies Using 2D HIC-WCX-MS. Anal Chem 2022; 94:15018-15026. [PMID: 36260865 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Charged heterogeneity of monoclonal antibody (mAb) products is regarded as a critical quality attribute (CQA) depending on its impact on the safety and efficacy profile of the product. Hence, manufacturers are expected to perform a comprehensive characterization of the charge heterogeneity to ensure that the manufactured product meets its specifications. Further, monitoring is also expected during the product lifecycle to demonstrate consistency in product quality. However, conventional analytical methods for characterization of hydrophobic and charge variants are nonvolatile salt-based and require manual fraction collection and desalting steps before analysis through mass spectrometry can be performed. In the present study, a workflow of a two-dimensional liquid chromatography method using mass spectrometry (MS)-compatible buffers coupled with native mass spectrometry was performed to characterize hydrophobic variants in the first dimension and charge variants in the second dimension without any need for manual fractionation. This novel two-dimensional (2D) hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC)-weak cation-exchange chromatography (WCX)-MS workflow identified 10 variants in mAb A, out of which 2 variants are exclusive to the 2D orthogonal method. Similarly, for mAb B, a total of 11 variants are identified, including 5 variants exclusive to the 2D orthogonal workflow. When compared to stand-alone, HIC resolved only 4 variants for both mAbs and WCX resolved 7 variants for mAb A and 6 variants for mAb B. In addition, the proposed method allows direct characterization of hydrophobic/charge variant peaks through native mass spectrometry in a single-run workflow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Sarin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, Delhi 110016, India
| | - Anurag S Rathore
- Department of Chemical Engineering, IIT Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, Delhi 110016, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Millet A, Pescarmona R, Belot A, Machon C, Jamilloux Y, Guitton J. Quantification of canakinumab in human plasma by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1211:123475. [PMID: 36179539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Canakinumab is a fully-human monoclonal immunoglobulin gamma 1 kappa. This interleukin-1β blocker is used for the treatment of autoinflammatory diseases. Various studies have demonstrated the value of therapeutic drug monitoring of monoclonal antibodies in the management of inflammatory diseases. The purpose of this study was to develop a method to quantify canakinumab plasmatic concentration using liquid chromatography-high-resolution (Orbitrap®) mass spectrometry. The quantification was based on a bottom-up approach with the analysis of one surrogate peptide after an immunopurification of IgG followed by tryptic proteolysis. Rituximab and cetuximab, both IgG1, were tested as internal standards. Chromatographic separation was performed on a bioZenTM Peptide PS-C18 column. Mass detection was conducted in positive ionization mode with Parallel Reaction Monitoring at a resolution of 70,000. The method was fully validated in terms of linearity, sensitivity, selectivity, accuracy and matrix effect. Standards ranged from 2.5 to 75 µg/mL. Intra- and inter-day coefficients of variation ranged from 3.7 to 14.7 %, and accuracy from 97.4 to 104.1 %. This method allowed the determination of canakinumab plasmatic concentrations from eight treated patients. This method is efficient and suitable for routine use in therapeutic drug monitoring or pharmacokinetic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Millet
- Biochemistry and Pharmacology-Toxicology Laboratory, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69495 Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Rémi Pescarmona
- Immunology Laboratory, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69495 Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Alexandre Belot
- Pediatric Nephrology, Rheumatology, Dermatology Unit, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France; Lyon Immunopathology FEderation (LIFE), Lyon, France
| | - Christelle Machon
- Biochemistry and Pharmacology-Toxicology Laboratory, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69495 Pierre Bénite, France; Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy ISPBL, University Lyon 1, F-69373 Lyon, France
| | - Yvan Jamilloux
- Lyon Immunopathology FEderation (LIFE), Lyon, France; Internal Medicine, Hôpital de La Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jérôme Guitton
- Biochemistry and Pharmacology-Toxicology Laboratory, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69495 Pierre Bénite, France; Toxicology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy ISPBL, University of Lyon 1, F-69373 Lyon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hallin EI, Trætteberg Serkland T, Myhr KM, Torkildsen Ø, Skrede S. Ocrelizumab quantitation by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Mass Spectrom Adv Clin Lab 2022; 25:53-60. [PMID: 35910410 PMCID: PMC9334332 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmsacl.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ocrelizumab is a monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody approved for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). The clinical value of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for this antibody in treatment of MS is unknown, and an adequately specific and precise quantitation method for ocrelizumab in patient serum could facilitate investigation. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based quantitation methods have been shown to have higher analytic specificity and precision than enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Objectives To establish and validate an LC-MS/MS-based quantitation method for ocrelizumab. Methods We present an LC-MS/MS-based quantitation method using immunocapture purification followed by trypsinization and analysis by a triple quadrupole mass analyzer obtaining results within the same day. Results We found that the ocrelizumab peptide GLEWVGAIYPGNGDTSYNQK (Q1/Q3 Quantifier ion: 723.683+/590.77 y112+ Qualifier ion: 723.683+/672.30 y122+) can be used for quantitation and thereby developed a method for quantifying ocrelizumab in human serum with a quantitation range of 1.56 to 200 µg/mL. The method was validated in accordance with EMA requirements in terms of selectivity, carry-over, lower limit of quantitation, calibration curve, accuracy, precision and matrix effect. Ocrelizumab serum concentrations were measured in three MS patients treated with ocrelizumab, immediately before and after ocrelizumab infusion, with additional sampling after 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Measured serum concentrations of ocrelizumab showed expected values for both Cmax and drug half-life over the sampled time period. Conclusion We have established a reliable quantitation method for serum ocrelizumab that can be applied in clinical studies, facilitating the evaluation of ocrelizumab TDM in MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erik I. Hallin
- Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and
Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies Vei 87, N-5021 Bergen,
Norway
| | - Trond Trætteberg Serkland
- Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and
Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies Vei 87, N-5021 Bergen,
Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies Vei 87,
N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Kjell-Morten Myhr
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies Vei 87,
N-5021 Bergen, Norway
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital,
Jonas Lies Vei 71, N-5053 Bergen, Norway
| | - Øivind Torkildsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies Vei 87,
N-5021 Bergen, Norway
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital,
Jonas Lies Vei 71, N-5053 Bergen, Norway
| | - Silje Skrede
- Section of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and
Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies Vei 87, N-5021 Bergen,
Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies Vei 87,
N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Quantification of infliximab and adalimumab in human plasma by a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry kit and comparison with two ELISA methods. Bioanalysis 2022; 14:831-844. [PMID: 35735172 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2022-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study compared the performance of plasma infliximab and adalimumab quantification using a commercially available kit (mAbXmise kit) and mass spectrometry readout to that of two ELISA methods in patients treated for inflammatory bowel disease. Methods & results: The mAbXmise method based on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was linear from 2 to 100 μg/ml. It was validated according to international guidelines. Regarding cross-validation for infliximab (n = 70), the mean bias with LC-MS/MS assay was approximately threefold higher with the commercial ELISA assay compared with the in-house ELISA (-6.1 vs -1.8 μg/ml, respectively). The mean bias between the LC-MS/MS assay and in-house ELISA was -1.2 μg/ml for adalimumab (n = 35). Conclusion: The LC-MS/MS method is a powerful alternative to immunoassays to monitor concentrations of infliximab and adalimumab.
Collapse
|
9
|
UPLC-MS/MS-Based Analysis of Trastuzumab in Plasma Samples: Application in Breast Cancer Patients Sample Monitoring. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10030509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Trastuzumab is a target-based recombinant humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAbs), extensively employed for treatment of metastatic breast cancer with human epidermal growth receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression. Studies around the world have reported that mAbs have substantial inter-patient unpredictable absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME-pharmacokinetics) because of multiple elements manipulating the concentration of mAbs in plasma. Herein, we have established a bioanalytical technique using UPLC-MS/MS with an easy sample workup method and in-solution digestion protocol to assay the trastuzumab plasma samples from breast cancer patients in clinical studies. Surrogated proteolytic peptides were used for accurate quantification of trastuzumab (CanMab) with a trastuzumab signature peptide with [13C6, 15N4]-arginine and [13C6, 15N2]-lysine stable isotope-labeled (SIL) peptide. Experiments to validate the method were accurately carried out according to the guidelines mentioned in the bioanalytical method validation protocol. The evaluation established excellent linearity over a wide range of 5–500 µg/mL. The experimental procedure was efficaciously performed in a pilot study of five breast cancer patients and residual concentrations of drugs from responding and non-responding subjects were compared. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) examination displayed that 52.25 µg/mL was the Cmin threshold predictive response with a satisfactory sensitivity of 88.58% and specificity of 79.25%.
Collapse
|
10
|
Forgrave LM, Wang M, Yang D, DeMarco ML. Proteoforms and their expanding role in laboratory medicine. Pract Lab Med 2022; 28:e00260. [PMID: 34950758 PMCID: PMC8672040 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2021.e00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The term “proteoforms” describes the range of different structures of a protein product of a single gene, including variations in amino acid sequence and post-translational modifications. This diversity in protein structure contributes to the biological complexity observed in living organisms. As the concentration of a particular proteoform may increase or decrease in abnormal physiological states, proteoforms have long been used in medicine as biomarkers of health and disease. Notably, the analytical approaches used to analyze proteoforms have evolved considerably over the years. While ligand binding methods continue to play a large role in proteoform measurement in the clinical laboratory, unanticipated or unknown post-translational modifications and sequence variants can upend even extensively tested and vetted assays that have successfully made it through the medical regulatory process. As an alternate approach, mass spectrometry—with its high molecular selectivity—has become an essential tool in detection, characterization, and quantification of proteoforms in biological fluids and tissues. This review explores the analytical techniques used for proteoform detection and quantification, with an emphasis on mass spectrometry and its various applications in clinical research and patient care including, revealing new biomarker targets, helping improve the design of contemporary ligand binding in vitro diagnostics, and as mass spectrometric laboratory developed tests used in routine patient care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Forgrave
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - David Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mari L. DeMarco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, Providence Health Care, 1081 Burrard St, Vancouver, V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- Corresponding author. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Amrani ME, van der Elst KC, Huitema AD, van Luin M. Middle-up quantification of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in human plasma with two dimensional liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry: Adalimumab as a proof of principle. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1665:462840. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
12
|
Interest of high-resolution mass spectrometry in analytical toxicology: Focus on pharmaceuticals. TOXICOLOGIE ANALYTIQUE ET CLINIQUE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxac.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
13
|
Ravulizumab: Characterization and quantitation of a new C5 inhibitor using isotype specific affinity purification and high-resolution mass spectrometry. J Mass Spectrom Adv Clin Lab 2021; 21:10-18. [PMID: 34820672 PMCID: PMC8601004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmsacl.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ravulizumab (RAVUL) is a new complement inhibitor, with a difference of 4 amino acids in the heavy chain from a predecessor compound, eculizumab (ECUL). Objectives First, to utilize mass spectrometry (MS) to characterize RAVUL and verify differences from its predecessor and, second, to validate and implement a lab developed test (LDT) for RAVUL that will allow for quantitative therapeutic monitoring. Methods A time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS) was used to characterize and differentiate the molecular weight differences between RAVUL and ECUL by both digest and reduction experiments. In parallel, an LDT for RAVUL was validated and implemented utilizing IgG4 enrichment with light chain detection and quantitation on a high throughput orbitrap MS platform. Results The TOF-MS platform allowed for the mass difference between RAVUL and ECUL to be verified along with providing a proof of concept for a new intact protein quantitation software. An LDT on an orbitrap MS was validated and implemented using intact light chain quantitation, with the limitation that it cannot differentiate between ECUL and RAVUL. The LDT has an analytical measuring range from 5 to 600 mcg/mL, inter-assay imprecision of ≤13% CV (n = 13) and accuracy with <4% error from expected values (n = 20). Conclusion The TOF-MS is a versatile development platform that can be used to characterize and verify the molecular weight differences between the ECUL and RAVUL heavy chains. Routine laboratory testing for RAVUL was viable using an orbitrap-MS to quantitate using the mass of the intact light chain. These two platforms, combined, provide incomparable value in development of LDTs for the clinical laboratory.
Collapse
Key Words
- AMR, analytical measuring range
- C5, complement component 5
- DTT, dithiothreitol
- Da, daltons
- ECUL, eculizumab
- Eculizumab
- Fc, crystallizable fragment
- HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography
- IRB, Institutional Review Board
- IS, internal standard
- Intact light chain
- LC, liquid chromatography
- LDT, lab-developed test
- LLOD, lower limit of detection
- LLOQ, lower limit of quantitation
- LOB, limit of blankMS, mass spectrometry
- MW, molecular weight
- Mass spectrometry
- NHS, normal human serum
- NIVOL, nivolumab
- Orbitrap
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- PNH, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
- Q-TOF, quadrupole time-of-flight
- RAVUL, ravulizumab
- Ravulizumab
- Therapeutic monoclonal antibody
- Time of flight
- XIC, extracted ion chromatogram
- aHUS, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome
- t-mAb, therapeutic monoclonal antibody
Collapse
|
14
|
Wilhelm C, Kiessig ST, Mandago M, Wittke S. Detection and differentiation of active and inactive isoforms of coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X in prothrombin complex concentrate by mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 209:114475. [PMID: 34839053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) are plasma products containing a mixture of four inactive/proactive coagulation factors. The activated forms of human coagulation factors, like Thrombin (FIIa), Convertin (FVIIa), activated Christmas factor (FIXa) and the activated Stuart-Prower factor (FXa), are impurities in PCCs. Until now no valid assay exists to differentiate the non activated proform (inactive) from active coagulation factor isoforms in PCCs in one measurement. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish a mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based assay to address this issue in the ready to use medicinal product. METHODS Bottom-up proteomics combining double digestion (Glu-C & Lys-C) and LC-MS/MS, was used to differentiate the inactive and active forms of the coagulation factors Prothrombin (FII), Proconvertin (FVII), Christmas factor (FIX) and the Stuart-Prower-factor (FX) in PCCs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS A targeted pseudo-multiple reaction monitoring (pMRM-LC-MS/MS)-assay was developed for the specific detection of four different coagulation factors in PCCs. Proteotypic peptides for the inactive/active isoforms (zymogen) of the four coagulation factors were identified and validated by the investigation of six investigational and one commercially available PCCs. In conclusion, the semi-quantitative determination and the distinction between the active and the inactive isoform of the respective coagulation factors were possible in one liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) run.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Wilhelm
- University of Applied Sciences Bremerhaven, An der Karlstadt 8, 27568 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - S T Kiessig
- PreviPharma Consulting GmbH, CUBEX41, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Haus 41, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - M Mandago
- PreviPharma Consulting GmbH, CUBEX41, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Haus 41, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - S Wittke
- University of Applied Sciences Bremerhaven, An der Karlstadt 8, 27568 Bremerhaven, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Amrani ME, Gerencser L, Huitema ADR, Hack CE, van Luin M, van der Elst KCM. A generic sample preparation method for the multiplex analysis of seven therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in human plasma or serum with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1655:462489. [PMID: 34509691 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Due to the increasing number of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) used in the clinic, there is an increasing need for robust analytical methods to quantify total mAb concentrations in human plasma for clinical studies and therapeutic drug monitoring. We developed an easy, rapid, and robust sample preparation method for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. The method was validated for infliximab (IFX), rituximab (RTX), cetuximab (CTX), dupilumab (DPL), dinutuximab (DNX), vedolizumab (VDZ), and emicizumab (EMZ). Saturated ammonium sulfate (AS) was used to precipitate immunoglobulins in human plasma. After centrifugation, supernatant containing albumin was decanted, and the precipitated immunoglobulin fraction was re-dissolved in buffer containing 6M guanidine. This fraction was then completely denatured, reduced, alkylated, and trypsin digested. Finally, signature peptides from the seven mAbs were simultaneously quantified on LC-MS/MS together with their internal standards stable isotopically labeled peptide counterparts. The linear dynamic ranges (1 - 512 mg/L) of IFX, CTX, RTX, and EMZ showed excellent (R2 > 0.999) linearity and those of DPL, DNX, and VDZ showed good (R2 > 0.995) linearity. The method was validated in accordance with the EMA guidelines. EDTA plasma, sodium citrate plasma, heparin plasma, and serum yielded similar results. Prepared samples were stable at room temperature (20°C) and at 5°C for 3 days, and showed no decline in concentration for all tested mAbs. This described method, which has the advantage of an easy, rapid, and robust pre-analytical sample preparation, can be used as a template to quantify other mAbs in human plasma or serum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin El Amrani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Laszlo Gerencser
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alwin D R Huitema
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pharmacology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - C Erik Hack
- Center of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs van Luin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kim C M van der Elst
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Why current quantitative serology is not quantitative and how systems immunology could provide solutions. Biol Futur 2021; 72:37-44. [PMID: 34554503 PMCID: PMC7896550 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-020-00061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Determination of the presence of antibodies against infectious agents, self-antigens, allogeneic antigens and environmental antigens is the goal of medical serology. Along with the standardization of these tests the community also started to use the expression “quantitative serology,” referring to the fact that arbitrary units are used for the expression of results. In this review I will argue against the use of the term quantitative serology for current tests. Because each test and each antibody isotype determination uses its own references, the term semiquantitative better describes these methods. The introduction of really quantitative serology could both benefit from and drive forward systems immunological approach to immunity.
Collapse
|
17
|
Powell T, Knight MJ, Wood A, O'Hara J, Burkitt W. Detection of Isopeptide Bonds in Monoclonal Antibody Aggregates. Pharm Res 2021; 38:1519-1530. [PMID: 34528168 PMCID: PMC8497302 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03103-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose A major difficulty in monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapeutic development is product aggregation. In this study, intermolecular isopeptide bonds in mAb aggregates were characterized for the first time. We aim to propose a mechanism of covalent aggregation in a model antibody using stressed studies at raised temperatures to aid in the understanding of mAb aggregation pathways. Methods Aggregate fractions were generated using raised temperature and were purified using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). The fractions were tryptically digested and characterized using liquid chromatography hyphenated to tandem mass-spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). Results An increased amount of clipping between aspartic acid and proline in a solvent accessible loop in the constant heavy 2 (CH2) domain of the mAb was observed under these conditions. Detailed peptide mapping revealed 14 isopeptide bonds between aspartic acid at that cleavage site and lysine residues on adjacent antibodies. Two additional isopeptide bonds were identified between the mAb HC N-terminal glutamic acid or a separate aspartic acid to lysine residues on adjacent antibodies. Conclusions Inter-protein isopeptide bonds between the side chains of acidic amino acids (aspartate and glutamate) and lysine were characterized for the first time in mAb aggregates. A chemical mechanism was presented whereby spontaneous isopeptide bond formation could be facilitated via either the aspartic acid side chain or C-terminus. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11095-021-03103-y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Powell
- Biomolecular Formulation and Characterization Sciences, UCB, Slough, SL3WE, UK.
| | - Michael J Knight
- Biomolecular Formulation and Characterization Sciences, UCB, Slough, SL3WE, UK
| | - Amanda Wood
- Biomolecular Formulation and Characterization Sciences, UCB, Slough, SL3WE, UK
| | - John O'Hara
- Biomolecular Formulation and Characterization Sciences, UCB, Slough, SL3WE, UK
| | - William Burkitt
- Biomolecular Formulation and Characterization Sciences, UCB, Slough, SL3WE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dupré M, Duchateau M, Sternke-Hoffmann R, Boquoi A, Malosse C, Fenk R, Haas R, Buell AK, Rey M, Chamot-Rooke J. De Novo Sequencing of Antibody Light Chain Proteoforms from Patients with Multiple Myeloma. Anal Chem 2021; 93:10627-10634. [PMID: 34292722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In multiple myeloma diseases, monoclonal immunoglobulin light chains (LCs) are abundantly produced, with, as a consequence in some cases, the formation of deposits affecting various organs, such as the kidney, while in other cases remaining soluble up to concentrations of several g·L-1 in plasma. The exact factors crucial for the solubility of LCs are poorly understood, but it can be hypothesized that their amino acid sequence plays an important role. Determining the precise sequences of patient-derived LCs is therefore highly desirable. We establish here a novel de novo sequencing workflow for patient-derived LCs, based on the combination of bottom-up and top-down proteomics without database search. PEAKS is used for the de novo sequencing of peptides that are further assembled into full length LC sequences using ALPS. Top-down proteomics provides the molecular masses of proteoforms and allows the exact determination of the amino acid sequence including all posttranslational modifications. This pipeline is then used for the complete de novo sequencing of LCs extracted from the urine of 10 patients with multiple myeloma. We show that for the bottom-up part, digestions with trypsin and Nepenthes digestive fluid are sufficient to produce overlapping peptides able to generate the best sequence candidates. Top-down proteomics is absolutely required to achieve 100% final sequence coverage and characterize clinical samples containing several LCs. Our work highlights an unexpected range of modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Dupré
- Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, CNRS USR2000, Institut Pasteur, CNRS, 28 rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Magalie Duchateau
- Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, CNRS USR2000, Institut Pasteur, CNRS, 28 rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Rebecca Sternke-Hoffmann
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Amelie Boquoi
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Oncology, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany, Moorenstr. 5, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Christian Malosse
- Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, CNRS USR2000, Institut Pasteur, CNRS, 28 rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Roland Fenk
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Oncology, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany, Moorenstr. 5, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Rainer Haas
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Oncology, Heinrich-Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany, Moorenstr. 5, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Alexander K Buell
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, Kgs. Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Martial Rey
- Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, CNRS USR2000, Institut Pasteur, CNRS, 28 rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
| | - Julia Chamot-Rooke
- Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, CNRS USR2000, Institut Pasteur, CNRS, 28 rue du Dr Roux, Paris 75015, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Analysis of Pembrolizumab in Human Plasma by LC-MS/HRMS. Method Validation and Comparison with Elisa. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060621. [PMID: 34070939 PMCID: PMC8229588 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pembrolizumab is a humanized immunoglobulin G4-kappa anti-PD1 antibody used in the treatment of different solid tumors or haematological malignancies. A liquid chromatography coupled with a high resolution mass spectrometry (orbitrap technology) method was fully developed, optimized, and validated for quantitative analysis of pembrolizumab in human plasma. A mass spectrometry assay was used for the first time a full-length stable isotope-labelled pembrolizumab-like (Arginine 13C6-15N4 and Lysine 13C6-15N2) as an internal standard; the sample preparation was based on albumin depletion and trypsin digestion and, finally, one surrogate peptide was quantified in positive mode. The assay showed good linearity over the range of 1–100 μg/mL, a limit of quantification at 1 μg/mL, excellent accuracy from 4.4% to 5.1%, and also a between-day precision below 20% at the limit of quantification. In parallel, an in-house ELISA was developed with a linearity range from 2.5 to 50 µg/mL. Then, results were obtained from 70 plasma samples of cancer patients that were treated with pembrolizumab and quantified with both methods were compared using the Passing-Bablok regression analysis and Bland-Altman plotting. The LC-MS/HRMS method is easy to implement in the laboratory for use in the context of PK/PD studies, clinical trials, or therapeutic drug monitoring.
Collapse
|
20
|
Hörner S, Ghosh M, Kauer J, Spät P, Rammensee HG, Jung G, Pflügler M. Mass spectrometry for quality control of bispecific antibodies after SDS-PAGE in-gel digestion. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:3069-3075. [PMID: 33988851 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Recombinant bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) are increasingly included in regimens for cancer therapy. Strict good manufacturing practice (GMP) compliant quality control measures are required to ensure quality and safety of these innovative biologicals. Gel electrophoresis (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis [SDS-PAGE]) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) are the cornerstones of quality control methods. BsAbs are often prone to aggregation or incomplete synthesis due to their artificial nature. In addition, host cell proteins and host cell DNA as well as impurities from the purification process itself constitute potential contaminants. Such impurities may then appear as additional, unexpected bands or peaks on SDS-PAGE gels and SEC, respectively. Here we describe a standardized protocol for rapid analysis of recombinant antibodies by mass spectrometry (MS) after tryptic digestion of bands excised from SDS-PAGE gels. We have used this protocol to characterize unexpected "contaminating bands" that were observed during the clinical development of a novel bsAb with PSMAxCD3 specificity, either during the production of the protein itself or during the development of a surrogate molecule for evaluation in syngeneic mouse models. MS analysis allowed us to precisely determine the origin of these bands, which resulted from artifacts or from incomplete protein synthesis. The combined utilization of SDS-PAGE und MS can therefore substantially support GMP-compliant production of recombinant proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hörner
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michael Ghosh
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Joseph Kauer
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Spät
- Department of Quantitative Proteomics, Institute for Cell Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Rammensee
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,DFG Cluster of Excellence 2180 "Image-guided and Functional Instructed Tumor Therapy" (IFIT), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Gundram Jung
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,DFG Cluster of Excellence 2180 "Image-guided and Functional Instructed Tumor Therapy" (IFIT), Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Martin Pflügler
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Tuebingen, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Monoclonal Antibody Monitoring: Clinically Relevant Aspects, A Systematic Critical Review. Ther Drug Monit 2021; 42:45-56. [PMID: 31365482 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy does not usually lead to a clinical response in all patients and resistance may increase over time after repeated mAb administration. This lack or loss of response to the treatment may originate from different and little-known epigenetic, biomolecular, or pathophysiological mechanisms, although an inadequate serum concentration is perhaps the most likely cause, even if not widely recognized and investigated yet. Patient factors that influence the pharmacokinetics (PK) of a mAb should be taken into account. Multiple analyses of patient-derived PK data have identified various factors influencing the clearance of mAbs. These factors include the presence of antidrug antibodies, low serum albumin, high serum levels of C-reactive protein, high body weight, and gender differences among others. The same clearance processes involved in systemic clearance after intravenous administration are also involved in local first-pass catabolism after subcutaneous administration of mAbs. Therapeutic drug monitoring has been proposed as a way to understand and respond to the variability in clinical response and remission. For both classes of mAbs with anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects, dose-guided optimization based on the measurement of serum concentrations in individual patients could be the next step for a personalized and targeted mAb therapy.
Collapse
|
22
|
Zeneyedpour L, Sten-van `t Hoff J, Luider T. Using phosphoproteomics and next generation sequencing to discover novel therapeutic targets in patient antibodies. Expert Rev Proteomics 2020; 17:675-684. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2020.1845147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lona Zeneyedpour
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology/Clinical & Cancer Proteomics, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny Sten-van `t Hoff
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology/Clinical & Cancer Proteomics, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theo Luider
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology/Clinical & Cancer Proteomics, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Quantification of nivolumab in human plasma by LC-MS/HRMS and LC-MS/MS, comparison with ELISA. Talanta 2020; 224:121889. [PMID: 33379098 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Nivolumab is a fully human immunoglobulin G4 used for the treatment of several advanced solid cancers as immune checkpoint inhibitors. There are some challenges for the quantification of mAb in plasma because IgG are present intrinsically in complex biologic matrices and this determination must be based on reliable, selective, and accurate analytical methods. This study described two validated methods carried out in two separate laboratories, one developed with a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and the other with high resolution mass spectrometry with an orbitrap system (LC-MS/HRMS). Both methods used full-length stable isotope-labeled nivolumab-like (Arginine 13C6-15N4 and Lysine 13C6-15N2) as internal standard. The sample preparation was based on IgG immunocapture, then trypsin digestion was performed and one surrogate peptide was quantified in positive mode. Assays showed good linearity over the range of 5-100 μg/mL and 5-150 μg/mL for LC-MS/HRMS and LC-MS/MS, respectively. The limit of quantification was set at 2 and 5 μg/mL for LC-MS/HRMS and LC-MS/MS, respectively. Acceptable accuracy (from - 13.6% to 3.0%) and precision (within 20%) values were also obtained with both methods. The two LC-MS methods showed a very different matrix effect linked to the use of different analytical columns and elution gradients. Nivolumab plasma concentrations from 60 cancer outpatients were compared with the two mass spectrometry methods and also with a home-made ELISA method. The Bland-Altman analysis did not show any significant bias between the three methods. The Passing-Bablock linear regression analysis showed a good agreement between the three methods with a better correlation between the two mass spectrometry methods.
Collapse
|
24
|
Zajec M, Langerhorst P, VanDuijn MM, Gloerich J, Russcher H, van Gool AJ, Luider TM, Joosten I, de Rijke YB, Jacobs JFM. Mass Spectrometry for Identification, Monitoring, and Minimal Residual Disease Detection of M-Proteins. Clin Chem 2020; 66:421-433. [PMID: 32031591 DOI: 10.1093/clinchem/hvz041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monoclonal gammopathies (MGs) are plasma cell disorders defined by the clonal expansion of plasma cells, resulting in the characteristic excretion of a monoclonal immunoglobulin (M-protein). M-protein detection and quantification are integral parts of the diagnosis and monitoring of MGs. Novel treatment modalities impose new challenges on the traditional electrophoretic and immunochemical methods that are routinely used for M-protein diagnostics, such as interferences from therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and the need for increased analytical sensitivity to measure minimal residual disease. CONTENT Mass spectrometry (MS) is ideally suited to accurate mass measurements or targeted measurement of unique clonotypic peptide fragments. Based on these features, MS-based methods allow for the analytically sensitive measurement of the patient-specific M-protein. SUMMARY This review provides a comprehensive overview of the MS methods that have been developed recently to detect, characterize, and quantify M-proteins. The advantages and disadvantages of using these techniques in clinical practice and the impact they will have on the management of patients with MGs are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Zajec
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - P Langerhorst
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - M M VanDuijn
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J Gloerich
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - H Russcher
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A J van Gool
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - T M Luider
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - I Joosten
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Y B de Rijke
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J F M Jacobs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Huang S, Tang R, Zhang T, Zhao J, Jiang Z, Wang Q. Anti-fouling poly adenine coating combined with highly specific CD20 epitope mimetic peptide for rituximab detection in clinical patients' plasma. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 171:112678. [PMID: 33113382 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a high-performance anti-fouling coating based on poly adenine (polyAn) as well as a highly specific cluster of differentiation 20 (CD20) epitope mimetic peptide (CN14) were employed to synergistically construct a facile biosensor for the rapid and sensitive determination of rituximab in lymphoma patients' plasma. The well-designed and optimized polyAn coating displayed excellent stability, hydrophilicity, thanks to its intrinsic affinity with gold surface and thoroughly exposed hydrophilic phosphate groups. Moreover, the proposed strategy avoids the necessity to modify binding groups (e.g. thiol), making it more facile, repeatable and efficient. When dealing with complex clinical plasma samples, the polyAn coating demonstrated better anti-fouling performance and lower background signal in comparison with mercaptan and bovine serum albumin coatings. The dissociation constant (~60 nM) between CN14 and rituximab was measured by microscale thermophoresis and their binding mechanism was further explained using computer simulation. The constructed GE/CN14/polyA20 biosensor displayed satisfactory performance with detection limit of 35.26 ng/mL. Finally, the proposed biosensor was successfully applied for rapidly determining rituximab in lymphoma patients' plasma, and exhibited comparable accuracy to the commercial ELISA, but has advantages including a shorter detection time, wider detection range and lower cost. It's worth noting that the anti-fouling polyAn coating can be tailored according to the surface property of sensing interface and can be easily expanded to other gold electrode related biosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengfeng Huang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Department of Pharmacy and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine & New Drug Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Rentao Tang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Department of Pharmacy and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine & New Drug Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Department of Pharmacy and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine & New Drug Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, China
| | - Zhengjin Jiang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Department of Pharmacy and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine & New Drug Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Qiqin Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Department of Pharmacy and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine & New Drug Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Fresnais M, Longuespée R, Sauter M, Schaller T, Arndt M, Krauss J, Blank A, Haefeli WE, Burhenne J. Development and Validation of an LC-MS-Based Quantification Assay for New Therapeutic Antibodies: Application to a Novel Therapy against Herpes Simplex Virus. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:24329-24339. [PMID: 33015449 PMCID: PMC7528202 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Multiple therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are currently under development or in (pre)clinical study phases to reach regulatory approval. Among these, a new mAb against herpes simplex virus, HDIT101, was recently tested in healthy volunteers during a phase I clinical trial (first-in-human, dose escalation). In the frame of the pharmacokinetic evaluation of this new therapy, a mass spectrometric (MS)-based method was developed for the quantification of HDIT101 in human plasma using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. In this work, we describe the development of this bioanalytical assay using the quantification of a HDIT101 surrogate peptide, the assay validation procedure according to the FDA guidelines within the calibration range from 20 to 5000 μg/mL, and its application to plasma samples from the first-in-human clinical trial. This work presents a generic workflow for the development of MS-based quantification assays of new therapeutic antibodies that allows reaching high immunopurification recovery (>98% for HDIT101 over the full calibration range with a precision of 6.9% CV). Surrogate peptide and stable isotopically labeled internal standard were stable, and batch-to-batch accuracies and precisions at the four quality standard levels ranged between -2 and 5% bias and 8 and 11% CV, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Fresnais
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German
Cancer Consortium (DKTK)-German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rémi Longuespée
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Max Sauter
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Torsten Schaller
- Heidelberg
ImmunoTherapeutics GmbH, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michaela Arndt
- Heidelberg
ImmunoTherapeutics GmbH, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Krauss
- Department
of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 460, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antje Blank
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter E. Haefeli
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Burhenne
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Longuespée R, Theile D, Fresnais M, Burhenne J, Weiss J, Haefeli WE. Approaching sites of action of drugs in clinical pharmacology: New analytical options and their challenges. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 87:858-874. [PMID: 32881012 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical pharmacology is an important discipline for drug development aiming to define pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD) and optimum exposure to drugs, i.e. the concentration-response relationship and its modulators. For this purpose, information on drug concentrations at the anatomical, cellular and molecular sites of action is particularly valuable. In pharmacological assays, the limited accessibility of target cells in readily available samples (i.e. blood) often hampers mass spectrometry-based monitoring of the absolute quantity of a compound and the determination of its molecular action at the cellular level. Recently, new sample collection methods have been developed for the specific capture of rare circulating cells, especially for the diagnosis of circulating tumour cells. In parallel, new advances and developments in mass spectrometric instrumentation now allow analyses to be scaled down to the cellular level. Together, these developments may permit the monitoring of minute drug quantities and show their effect at the cellular level. In turn, such PK/PD associations on a cellular level would not only enrich our pharmacological knowledge of a given compound but also expand the basis for PK/PD simulations. In this review, we describe novel concepts supporting clinical pharmacology at the anatomical, cellular and molecular sites of action, and highlight the new challenges in mass spectrometry-based monitoring. Moreover, we present methods to tackle these challenges and define future needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Longuespée
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Theile
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Margaux Fresnais
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK)-German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Burhenne
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johanna Weiss
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter E Haefeli
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cradic KW, Ladwig PM, Rivard AL, Katrangi W, Wintgens KF, Willrich MAV. Vedolizumab quantitation using high-resolution accurate mass-mass spectrometry middle-up protein subunit: method validation. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020; 58:864-872. [PMID: 31756160 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-0862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background While quantitation methods for small-molecule and tryptic peptide bottom-up mass spectrometry (MS) have been well defined, quantitation methods for top-down or middle-up MS approaches have not been as well defined. Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (t-mAbs) are a group of proteins that can be used to both demonstrate the advantages of top-down or middle-up detection methods over classic tryptic peptide bottom-up along with the growing need for robust quantitation strategies/software for these top-down or middle-up methods. Bottom-up proteolytic digest methods for the t-mAbs tend to suffer from challenges such as limited peptide selection due to potential interference from the polyclonal immunoglobulin background, complicated workflows, and inadequate sensitivity and specificity without laborious purification steps, and therefore have prompted the search for new detection and quantitation methods. Time-of-flight along with Orbitrap MS have recently evolved from the research and/or pharmaceutical setting into the clinical laboratory. With their superior mass measurement accuracy, resolution and scanning speeds, these are ideal platforms for top-down or middle-up characterization and quantitation. Methods We demonstrate a validated, robust, middle-up protein subunit detection and quantitation method for the IgG1 t-mAb, vedolizumab (VEDO), which takes advantage of the high resolution of the Orbitrap MS detection and quantitation software to increase specificity. Results Validated performance characteristics met pre-defined acceptance criteria with simple workflows and rapid turnaround times: characteristics necessary for implementation into a high-volume clinical MS laboratory. Conclusions While the extraction method can easily be used with other IgG1 t-mAbs, the detection and quantitation method may become an option for measurement of other proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kendall W Cradic
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - Paula M Ladwig
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - Ann L Rivard
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - Waddah Katrangi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | | | - Maria A V Willrich
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Immunization with Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) in Oil-Adjuvant Elicits IgM Antibody Response in Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtle ( Pelodiscus Sinensis). Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020257. [PMID: 32485925 PMCID: PMC7349957 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoassays are among the frontline methods used for disease diagnosis and surveillance. Despite this, there are no immunoassays developed for the Chinese soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis), which has expanded into large scale commercial production in several Asian countries. One of the critical factors delaying the development of immunoassays is the lack of characterized soft-shelled turtle immunoglobulins. Herein, we used mass spectrometry together with the ProtQuest software to identify the soft-shelled turtle IgM heavy chain in serum, which again was used to produce a polyclonal anti-turtle-IgM in rabbits. Thereafter, the polyclonal anti-turtle-IgM was used as a secondary antibody in an indirect ELISA to evaluate antibody responses of soft-shelled turtles injected with the bovine serum albumin (BSA) model antigen. Our findings show that only turtle immunized with a water-in-oil BSA plus ISA 763A VG adjuvant (SEPPIC, France) emulsion had antibodies detected at 42 days post vaccination (dpv) while turtles injected with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) only as well as turtle injected with BSA dissolved in PBS had no significant antibody levels detected in serum throughout the study period. In summary, our findings show that rabbit polyclonal anti-turtle-IgM produced can be used in ELISA to measure serum antibody responses in immunized soft-shelled turtles. Future studies should explore its application in other immunoassays needed for the disease diagnosis and vaccine development for soft-shelled turtles.
Collapse
|
30
|
Holmes DT, Romney MG, Angel P, DeMarco ML. Proteomic applications in pathology and laboratory medicine: Present state and future prospects. Clin Biochem 2020; 82:12-20. [PMID: 32442429 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Clinical mass spectrometry applications have traditionally focused on small molecules, particularly in the areas of therapeutic drug monitoring, toxicology, and measurement of endogenous and exogenous steroids. More recently, the use of matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry for the identification of microbial pathogens has been widely implemented. Following this evolution, there has been an expanding role for the measurement of peptides and proteins in pathology and laboratory medicine. This review explores the current state of protein measurement by clinical mass spectrometry and the analytical strategies employed, as well as emerging applications in clinical chemistry, clinical microbiology and anatomical pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Holmes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard St, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; University of British Columbia Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5 Canada.
| | - Marc G Romney
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard St, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; University of British Columbia Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5 Canada.
| | - Peggi Angel
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charelston, SC 29425 Canada.
| | - Mari L DeMarco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, St. Paul's Hospital, 1081 Burrard St, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; University of British Columbia Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5 Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Complete Depletion of Daratumumab Interference in Serum Samples from Plasma Cell Myeloma Patients Improves the Detection of Endogenous M-Proteins in a Preliminary Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10040219. [PMID: 32295157 PMCID: PMC7235820 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10040219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic humanized IgG1 kappa monoclonal antibody (t-mAb), daratumumab (DARA) is a Food and Drug Administration approved drug for the treatment of relapsed/refractory plasma cell myeloma (PCM). DARA appears on serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) and on serum immunofixation (sIFE) as an IgG kappa monoclonal immunoglobulin protein (M-protein), complicating the assessment of the patients' response to therapy. A more ominous threat to patient safety can occur with the misinterpretation of the presence of a small t-mAb spike as being the residual product of the patient's neoplastic clone, presented either as oligoclonality or new clonality, which could result in incorrect interpretation of failure to achieve remission. METHODS In this report, we describe a novel and cost-effective technique based on biotinylated recombinant CD38 and streptavidin-coated magnetic beads to capture and remove residual DARA present in PCM patient serum samples. The treated samples are then run like regular samples on SPEP and sIFE. We validated this simple technique in DARA-spiked PCM samples and patient samples on DARA treatment. RESULTS Our simple capture technique completely extracted DARA in all of the tested serum specimens and allowed the assessment of residual M-protein without DARA interference. The results were reproducible and highly specific for DARA, and did not have any impact on endogenous M-protein migration and quantification by SPEP and sIFE. The cost of this technique is much lower and it can be performed in-house with a very short turnaround time compared to the currently available alternative methods. There is a great need for such reflex technologies to avoid interpretation errors. CONCLUSIONS This method is an effective way to eliminate DARA interference in SPEP and sIFE, and can be easily implemented in any clinical laboratory without any patent restriction. This simple technique can be adopted for other t-mAbs using their respective ligands and will help to reduce additional doses of toxic treatment and further testing in patients on t-mAbs with a false positive M-protein spike.
Collapse
|
32
|
Simultaneous Quantification of Free Adalimumab and Infliximab in Human Plasma Using a Target-Based Sample Purification and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Ther Drug Monit 2020; 41:640-647. [PMID: 31584927 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic drug monitoring of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors such as adalimumab (ADM) and infliximab (IFX) is considered of added value for patients with systemic inflammatory diseases. In contrast to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry methods allow for simultaneous quantification of multiple target antibodies in 1 run and thus providing a higher sample throughput. We describe a fast sample work-up strategy for the absolute and simultaneous quantification of ADM and IFX therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in human plasma samples using a target-specific sample purification in combination with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. METHODS The sample purification was based on the selective capture of ADM and IFX in human plasma or serum using biotinylated TNF-α (b-TNF-α), which was coated on a streptavidin 96-well plate. After elution, analytes were heat denatured and trypsin digested to obtain signature peptides for quantification. Stable isotopically labeled ADM and IFX were introduced as internal standard before sample purification. RESULTS The method was successfully validated following current European medicines agency guidelines. The linear dynamic rage for both analytes were 1-32 mcg/mL with an excellent mean coefficient of determination, R = 0.9994 for ADM and 0.9996 for IFX. Within-run and between-run imprecision and accuracy were within acceptance criteria. Cross-validation against enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method showed a high between-method correlation R = 0.962 for ADM and R = 0.982 for IFX. CONCLUSIONS This method provides an easy, efficient, and cost-effective workflow for therapeutic drug monitoring patients treated with ADM or IFX.
Collapse
|
33
|
Krenkel H, Hartmane E, Piras C, Brown J, Morris M, Cramer R. Advancing Liquid Atmospheric Pressure Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Toward Ultrahigh-Throughput Analysis. Anal Chem 2020; 92:2931-2936. [PMID: 31967792 PMCID: PMC7145281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Label-free high-throughput screening using mass spectrometry has the potential to provide rapid large-scale sample analysis at a speed of more than one sample per second. Such speed is important for compound library, assay and future clinical screening of millions of samples within a reasonable time frame. Herein, we present a liquid atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (AP-MALDI) setup for high-throughput large-scale sample analysis (>5 samples per second) for three substance classes (peptides, antibiotics, and lipids). Liquid support matrices (LSM) were used for the analysis of standard substances as well as complex biological fluids (milk). Throughput and analytical robustness were mainly dependent on the complexity of the sample composition and the current limitations of the commercial hardware. However, the ultimate limits of liquid AP-MALDI in sample throughput can be conservatively estimated to be beyond 10-20 samples per second. This level of analytical speed is highly competitive compared with other label-free MS methods, including electrospray ionization and solid state MALDI, as well as MS methods using multiplexing by labeling, which in principle can also be used in combination with liquid AP-MALDI MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Krenkel
- Department of Chemistry , University of Reading , Whiteknights , Reading RG6 6AD , United Kingdom
| | - Evita Hartmane
- Department of Chemistry , University of Reading , Whiteknights , Reading RG6 6AD , United Kingdom
| | - Cristian Piras
- Department of Chemistry , University of Reading , Whiteknights , Reading RG6 6AD , United Kingdom
| | - Jeffery Brown
- Department of Chemistry , University of Reading , Whiteknights , Reading RG6 6AD , United Kingdom.,Waters Corporation , Stamford Avenue , Wilmslow SK9 4AX , United Kingdom
| | - Michael Morris
- Waters Corporation , Stamford Avenue , Wilmslow SK9 4AX , United Kingdom
| | - Rainer Cramer
- Department of Chemistry , University of Reading , Whiteknights , Reading RG6 6AD , United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Schokker S, Fusetti F, Bonardi F, Molenaar RJ, Mathôt RA, van Laarhoven HW. Development and validation of an LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of co-administered trastuzumab and pertuzumab. MAbs 2020; 12:1795492. [PMID: 32744170 PMCID: PMC7531571 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1795492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the increasing use of combination therapy with multiple monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), there is a clinical need for multiplexing assays. For the frequently co-administered anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) mAbs trastuzumab and pertuzumab, we developed a high-throughput and robust hybrid ligand-binding liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS quantitative assay. Nanomolar concentrations of trastuzumab and pertuzumab were determined in 10 µL serum samples after extraction by affinity purification through protein A beads, followed by on-bead reduction, alkylation, and trypsin digestion. After electrospray ionization, quantification was obtained by multiple reaction monitoring LC-MS/MS using SILuMab as an internal standard. The method was validated according to the current guidelines from the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency. Assay linearity was established in the ranges 0.250-250 μg/mL for trastuzumab and 0.500-500 μg/mL for pertuzumab. The method was accurate and selective for the simultaneous determination of trastuzumab and pertuzumab in clinical samples, thereby overcoming the limitation of ligand binding assays that cannot quantify mAbs targeting the same receptor. Furthermore, this method requires a small blood volume, which reduces blood collection time and stress for patients. The assay robustness was verified in a clinical trial where trastuzumab and pertuzumab concentrations were determined in 670 serum samples. As we used commercially available reagents and standards, the described generic bioanalytical strategy can easily be adapted to multiplex quantifications of other mAb combinations in non-clinical and clinical samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandor Schokker
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fabrizia Fusetti
- Department of Business Development Bioanalysis Europe, QPS Netherlands BV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Francesco Bonardi
- Department of Business Development Bioanalysis Europe, QPS Netherlands BV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Remco J. Molenaar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron A.A. Mathôt
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hanneke W.M. van Laarhoven
- Head of Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam (CCA), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Development of a competitive binding homogeneous mobility shift assay for the quantification of adalimumab levels in patient serum. J Immunol Methods 2019; 474:112672. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2019.112672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
36
|
El Amrani M, Donners AAM, Hack CE, Huitema ADR, van Maarseveen EM. Six-step workflow for the quantification of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in biological matrices with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry - A tutorial. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1080:22-34. [PMID: 31409472 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The promising pipeline of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) demands robust bioanalytical methods with swift development times for pharmacokinetic studies. Over the past decades ligand binding assays were the methods of choice for absolute quantification. However, the production of the required anti-idiotypic antibodies and ligands limits high-throughput method development for sensitive, accurate, and reproducible quantification of therapeutic mAbs. In recent years, high-resolution liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry (LC-MS) systems have enabled absolute quantification of therapeutic mAbs with short method development times. These systems have additional benefits, such as a large linear dynamic range, a high specificity and the option of multiplexing. Here, we briefly discuss the current strategies for the quantification of therapeutic mAbs in biological matrices using LC-MS analysis based on top-down and middle-down quantitative proteomics. Then, we present the widely used bottom-up method in a six-step workflow, which can be used as guidance for quantitative LC-MS/MS method development of mAbs. Finally, strengths and weaknesses of the bottom-up method, which currently provides the most benefits, are discussed in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin El Amrani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Anouk A M Donners
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - C Erik Hack
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alwin D R Huitema
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erik M van Maarseveen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands. https://www.umcutrecht.nl
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sidiqi MH, Gertz M. Daratumumab for the treatment of AL amyloidosis. Leuk Lymphoma 2019; 60:295-301. [PMID: 30033840 PMCID: PMC6342668 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2018.1485914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has been used as treatment for immunoglobulin light-chain (AL) amyloidosis for over two decades with improving outcomes; however, the majority of patients are not candidates for this therapy at diagnosis. Novel agents such as immunomodulatory drugs, proteasome inhibitors, and immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies targeting CD38 have been adopted from the multiple myeloma spheres with encouraging results. Herein, we discuss the role of daratumumab, a monoclonal antibody to CD38, in the treatment of AL amyloidosis. We focus on its mechanism of action, tolerability, and the current published data on its use in AL amyloidosis. Early data from phase I and phase II studies show that daratumumab is tolerated well in this population and induces rapid and deep responses. Phase III trials are currently accruing and we envision daratumumab becoming a key component in the treatment of AL amyloidosis in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Hasib Sidiqi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester
| | - Morie Gertz
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Immunotherapies are a hot topic, with the potential to impact our understanding of the immune system and treat a diverse array of conditions. Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are part of this revolution, and clinical chemists are aware of the success of the biologic drugs. Antibodies are not just immunoassay reagents anymore but are also present in clinical serum samples from more and more patients each day. The clinical laboratory will have many roles as mAb therapies expand, including the development of new assays to differentiate a mAb from an endogenous, disease-causing clone and monitoring therapeutic drugs for better patient outcomes and assessing for the loss of response to therapy.Therapeutic mAbs use has expanded significantly in the last 5 years, and depending on their target or their concentration, they may impact routine clinical testing for patients. Optimizing therapy during the induction phase to keep the mAb concentrations above certain thresholds has proven to be associated with improved responses and better outcomes in chronic conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease. This chapter will describe a LC-MS/MS protocol for analysis of tryptic peptides unique to infliximab (clonotypic peptides) for quantitation of the mAb. The protocol can be adapted to other mAbs with similar outcomes and is a useful, relatively simple strategy for measurement of mAbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alice V Willrich
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Jin Y, Lin Z, Xu Q, Fu C, Zhang Z, Zhang Q, Pritts WA, Ge Y. Comprehensive characterization of monoclonal antibody by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. MAbs 2019; 11:106-115. [PMID: 30230956 PMCID: PMC6343775 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2018.1525253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmaceutical industry's interest in monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and their derivatives has spurred rapid growth in the commercial and clinical pipeline of these effective therapeutics. The complex micro-heterogeneity of mAbs requires in-depth structural characterization for critical quality attribute assessment and quality assurance. Currently, mass spectrometry (MS)-based methods are the gold standard in mAb analysis, primarily with a bottom-up approach in which immunoglobulins G (IgGs) and their variants are digested into peptides to facilitate the analysis. Comprehensive characterization of IgGs and the micro-variants remains challenging at the proteoform level. Here, we used both top-down and middle-down MS for in-depth characterization of a human IgG1 using ultra-high resolution Fourier transform MS. Our top-down MS analysis provided characteristic fingerprinting of the IgG1 proteoforms at unit mass resolution. Subsequently, the tandem MS analysis of intact IgG1 enabled the detailed sequence characterization of a representative IgG1 proteoform at the intact protein level. Moreover, we used the middle-down MS analysis to characterize the primary glycoforms and micro-variants. Micro-variants such as low-abundance glycoforms, C-terminal glycine clipping, and C-terminal proline amidation were characterized with bond cleavages higher than 44% at the subunit level. By combining top-down and middle-down analysis, 76% of bond cleavage (509/666 amino acid bond cleaved) of IgG1 was achieved. Taken together, we demonstrated the combination of top-down and middle-down MS as powerful tools in the comprehensive characterization of mAbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Jin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ziqing Lin
- Human Proteomics Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Qingge Xu
- Human Proteomics Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Cexiong Fu
- Process Analytical, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zhaorui Zhang
- Process Analytical, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Qunying Zhang
- Process Analytical, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Wayne A. Pritts
- Process Analytical, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ying Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Human Proteomics Program, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Perspectives on potentiating immunocapture-LC-MS for the bioanalysis of biotherapeutics and biomarkers. Bioanalysis 2018; 10:1679-1690. [PMID: 30371100 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The integration of ligand-binding assay and LC-MS/MS (immunocapture-LC-MS) has unleashed the combined advantages of both powerful techniques for addressing the ever increasing bioanalytical challenges for biotherapeutics and biomarker assays. The highly specific, selective and sensitive characteristics of the immunocapture-LC-MS-based assays have enabled the determination of biotherapeutics and biomarkers in biomatrices with ease of method development, less requirements on key reagents as well as structural specificity for endogenous and engineered biomolecules. In addition, the versatile immunocapture-LC-MS technology has expanded into many challenging areas to enhance mechanistic studies of drug interactions with their targets. This paper intends to summarize our perspectives on enhancing the use of immunocapture-LC-MS in drug discovery and development for emerging new modalities.
Collapse
|
41
|
Strik AS, Wang YMC, Ruff LE, Yashar W, Messmer BT, Mould DR. Individualized Dosing of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies-a Changing Treatment Paradigm? AAPS JOURNAL 2018; 20:99. [PMID: 30187153 PMCID: PMC8364290 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-018-0257-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was an important medical milestone. MAbs have been demonstrated as safe and efficacious treatments of IBD. However, a large percentage of patients either fail to respond initially or lose response to therapy after a period of treatment. Although there are factors associated with poor treatment outcomes in IBD, one cause for treatment failure may be low mAb exposure. Consequently, gastroenterologists have begun using therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to guide dose adjustment. However, while beneficial, TDM does not provide sufficient information to effectively adjust doses. The pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of mAbs are complex, with numerous factors impacting on mAb PK and PD. The concept of dashboard-guided dosing based on Bayesian PK models allows physicians to combine TDM with factors influencing mAb PK to individualize therapy more effectively. One issue with TDM has been the slow turnaround of assay results, either necessitating an additional clinic visit for a sample or reacting to TDM results at a subsequent, rather than the current, dose. New point-of-care (POC) assays for mAbs are being developed that would potentially allow physicians to determine drug concentration quickly. However, work remains to understand how to determine what target exposure is needed for an individual patient, and whether the combination of POC assays and dashboards presents a safe approach with substantial outcome benefit over the current standard of care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne S Strik
- Academic Medical Center Division of Gastroenterology, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yow-Ming C Wang
- Therapeutic Biologics Program, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | - Diane R Mould
- Projections Research Inc., 535 Springview Lane, Phoenixville, Pennsylvania, 19460, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Investigating the utility of minimized sample preparation and high-resolution mass spectrometry for quantification of monoclonal antibody drugs. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 159:384-392. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
43
|
El Amrani M, Szanto CL, Hack CE, Huitema ADR, Nierkens S, van Maarseveen EM. Quantification of total dinutuximab concentrations in neuroblastoma patients with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:5849-5858. [PMID: 29938370 PMCID: PMC6096702 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1198-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is one of the most commonly found solid tumors in children. The monoclonal antibody dinutuximab (DNX) targets the sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipid GD2 expressed on almost all neuroblastoma tumor cells and induces cell lysis. However, the expression of GD2 is not limited to tumor cells only, but is also present on central nerve tissue and peripheral nerve cells explaining dinutuximab toxicity. The most common adverse reactions are pain and discomfort, which may lead to discontinuation of the treatment. Furthermore, there is little to no data available on exposure and effect relationships of dinutuximab. We, therefore, developed an easy method in order to quantify dinutuximab levels in human plasma. Ammonium sulfate (AS) was used to precipitate all immunoglobulins (IgGs) in human plasma. After centrifugation, supernatant containing albumin was decanted and the precipitated IgG fraction was re-dissolved in a buffer containing 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Samples were then reduced, alkylated, and digested with trypsin. Finally, a signature peptide in complementarity determining region 1 of DNX heavy chain was quantified on LC-MS/MS using a stable isotopically labeled peptide as internal standard. AS purification efficiently removed 97.5% of the albumin fraction in the supernatant layer. The validation performed on DNX showed that within-run and between-run coefficients of variation (CV) for lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) were 5.5 and 1.4%, respectively. The overall CVs for quality control (QC) low, QC med, and QC high levels were < 5%. Linearity in the range 1-32 mg/L was excellent (r2 > 0.999). Selectivity, stability, and matrix effect were in concordance with EMA guidelines. In conclusion, a method to quantify DNX in human plasma was successfully developed. In addition, the high and robust process efficiency enabled the utilization of a stable isotopically labeled (SIL) peptide instead of SIL DNX, which was commercially unavailable. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin El Amrani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Postbus 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Celina L Szanto
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C Erik Hack
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alwin D R Huitema
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Postbus 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, P.O. Box 90203, 1006 BE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Nierkens
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Erik M van Maarseveen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Division of Laboratory Medicine and Pharmacy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Postbus 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Helal-Neto E, Cabezas SS, Sancenón F, Martínez-Máñez R, Santos-Oliveira R. Indirect calculation of monoclonal antibodies in nanoparticles using the radiolabeling process with technetium 99 metastable as primary factor: Alternative methodology for the entrapment efficiency. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 153:90-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
45
|
Legeron R, Xuereb F, Chaignepain S, Gadeau AP, Claverol S, Dupuy JW, Djabarouti S, Couffinhal T, Schmitter JM, Breilh D. A new reliable, transposable and cost-effective assay for absolute quantification of total plasmatic bevacizumab by LC–MS/MS in human plasma comparing two internal standard calibration approaches. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1070:43-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|