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Giebink GS, Bakaletz LO, Barenkamp SJ, Eskola J, Green B, Gu XX, Harada T, Heikkinen T, Karma P, Klein JO, Kurono Y, Mogi G, Murphy TF, Ogra PL, Patel JA, Suzuki M, Yamanaka N. 7. Vaccine. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/00034894021110s310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Khan MN, Ren D, Kaur R, Basha S, Zagursky R, Pichichero ME. Developing a vaccine to prevent otitis media caused by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. Expert Rev Vaccines 2016; 15:863-78. [PMID: 26894630 DOI: 10.1586/14760584.2016.1156539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is a predominant organism of the upper respiratory nasopharyngeal microbiota. Its disease spectrum includes otitis media, sinusitis, non-bacteremic pneumonia and invasive infections. Protein-based vaccines to prevent NTHi infections are needed to alleviate these infections in children and vulnerable populations such as the elderly and those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). One NTHi protein is included in a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and has been shown to provide efficacy. Our lab has been interested in understanding the immunogenicity of NTHi vaccine candidates P6, protein D and OMP26 for preventing acute otitis media in young children. We expect that continued investigation and progress in the development of an efficacious protein based vaccine against NTHi infections is achievable in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nadeem Khan
- a Center for Infectious Disease and Immunology , Rochester General Hospital Research Institute , Rochester , NY , USA
| | - Dabin Ren
- a Center for Infectious Disease and Immunology , Rochester General Hospital Research Institute , Rochester , NY , USA
| | - Ravinder Kaur
- a Center for Infectious Disease and Immunology , Rochester General Hospital Research Institute , Rochester , NY , USA
| | - Saleem Basha
- a Center for Infectious Disease and Immunology , Rochester General Hospital Research Institute , Rochester , NY , USA
| | - Robert Zagursky
- a Center for Infectious Disease and Immunology , Rochester General Hospital Research Institute , Rochester , NY , USA
| | - Michael E Pichichero
- a Center for Infectious Disease and Immunology , Rochester General Hospital Research Institute , Rochester , NY , USA
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Genome sequencing of disease and carriage isolates of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae identifies discrete population structure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:5439-44. [PMID: 24706866 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1403353111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the main hurdles for the development of an effective and broadly protective vaccine against nonencapsulated isolates of Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) lies in the genetic diversity of the species, which renders extremely difficult the identification of cross-protective candidate antigens. To assess whether a population structure of NTHi could be defined, we performed genome sequencing of a collection of diverse clinical isolates representative of both carriage and disease and of the diversity of the natural population. Analysis of the distribution of polymorphic sites in the core genome and of the composition of the accessory genome defined distinct evolutionary clades and supported a predominantly clonal evolution of NTHi, with the majority of genetic information transmitted vertically within lineages. A correlation between the population structure and the presence of selected surface-associated proteins and lipooligosaccharide structure, known to contribute to virulence, was found. This high-resolution, genome-based population structure of NTHi provides the foundation to obtain a better understanding, of NTHi adaptation to the host as well as its commensal and virulence behavior, that could facilitate intervention strategies against disease caused by this important human pathogen.
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Kunthalert D, Novotny LA, Massa HM, Ulett GC, Bakaletz LO, Kyd JM, Cripps AW. Epitope-specific immune recognition of the nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae outer membrane protein 26. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2013; 9:625-35. [PMID: 23292125 PMCID: PMC3891721 DOI: 10.4161/hv.23255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies using rodent respiratory infection models of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) infection have established the 26-kDa outer membrane protein of the bacterium, OMP26, as a potential vaccine antigen for NTHi. This study undertook a comprehensive immunological identification of OMP26 T- and B-cell epitopes. A series of OMP26 peptides were constructed and regions of the OMP26 antigen involved in recognition by lymphocyte receptors and induction of acquired immune responses were identified. The dominant T-cell epitopes for OMP26 were located toward the C-terminus between amino acid residues 95 and 197 (T3+T4 region) as mapped using antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation assays. The newly identified T-cell epitopes exhibited strong capacity for efficient T-cell activation, suggesting that, compared with other OMP26 regions; epitopes within the T3+T4 region have the highest affinity for binding to major histocompatibility complex molecules. In contrast, the predominant B-cell epitopes of OMP26 were located more centrally within the molecule between amino acid residues 45 and 145 (T2+T3 region) as determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and surface plasmon resonance assays. The T2+T3 region was immunodominant in several species including chinchilla, mice and rats when assessed using both mucosal and parenteral immunization regimes. In addition, the antibodies directed against the T2+T3 region bound to intact NTHi cell surface, according to flow cytometry. Collectively, these results specifically locate the amino acid sequences containing the OMP26 T- and B-cell epitopes, which, as newly mapped antigenic epitopes for lymphocyte recognition, will be useful to improve existing NTHi vaccine strategies. Comprehensive definition of the minimum epitope length required for optimal B- and T-cell responses requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura A. Novotny
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Columbus, OH USA
| | - Helen M. Massa
- Griffith Health Institute; School of Medical Science; Griffith University; Gold Coast; Southport, QLD Australia
| | - Glen C. Ulett
- Griffith Health Institute; School of Medical Science; Griffith University; Gold Coast; Southport, QLD Australia
| | - Lauren O. Bakaletz
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Columbus, OH USA
| | | | - Allan W. Cripps
- Griffith Health Institute; School of Medical Science; Griffith University; Gold Coast; Southport, QLD Australia
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Hsu YM, Shieh HK, Chen WH, Shiang JH, Chang PC. Immunogenicity and haemagglutination of recombinant Avibacterium paragallinarum HagA. Vet Microbiol 2007; 122:280-9. [PMID: 17292567 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2007.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2006] [Revised: 01/15/2007] [Accepted: 01/17/2007] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Inactivated vaccines of Avibacterium paragallinarum provide protection and reduce the economic losses caused by infectious coryza. However, inactivated bacterins provide protection only against the Page serovars included in the vaccine. In this study, we investigated the immunological properties of a functional recombinant haemagglutinin protein (rHagA) derived from a Taiwan isolate strain A9 as the immunogen for vaccination. The rHagA subunit vaccine protected 71% of immunized chickens against 10(10) colony-forming units (CFU) of viable A9. Vaccinated chickens which showed no clinical signs of coryza developed haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers of 1:10 or greater. Haemagglutination (HA) of serovars A and C was not affected by the presence of rHagA specific antiserum. The HA of rHagA could only be induced against formaldehyde-fixed chicken red blood cells (FA-RBCs). These results suggested that HagA is a moderate immunogen and might not be a major haemagglutinin in vivo. However, HagA might be involved in haemagglutination when treated serovar C aggregates fixed RBCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Man Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Webb DC, Otczyk DC, Cripps AW. Investigation of the potential of a 48kDa protein as a vaccine candidate for infection against nontypable Haemophilus influenzae. Vaccine 2007; 25:4012-9. [PMID: 17379362 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2006] [Revised: 02/13/2007] [Accepted: 02/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study determined the conservation and protective efficacy of a 48 kDa nontypable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) protein (P48). This protein was highly conserved across the strains of NTHi examined and mucosal immunization with recombinant P48 (rP48) significantly reduced the numbers of viable NTHi recovered from the lung following challenge. rP48 induced predominantly an IgG2a antibody response that correlated with the reduction in the number of viable NTHi in the lung. These antibodies were not bactericidal against NTHi. The results suggest that P48 warrants further investigation as a vaccine component for NTHi disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne C Webb
- Division of Molecular Bioscience, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, P.O. Box 334, Canberra City, ACT 2601, Australia
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Ayalew S, Confer AW, Blackwood ER. Characterization of immunodominant and potentially protective epitopes of Mannheimia haemolytica serotype 1 outer membrane lipoprotein PlpE. Infect Immun 2004; 72:7265-74. [PMID: 15557652 PMCID: PMC529155 DOI: 10.1128/iai.72.12.7265-7274.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mannheimia haemolytica serotype 1 (S1) is the most common bacterial isolate found in shipping fever pneumonia in beef cattle. Currently used vaccines against M. haemolytica do not provide complete protection against the disease. Research with M. haemolytica outer membrane proteins (OMPs) has shown that antibodies to one particular OMP from S1, PlpE, may be important in immunity. In a recently published work, members of our laboratory showed that recombinant PlpE (rPlpE) is highly immunogenic when injected subcutaneously into cattle and that the acquired immunity markedly enhanced resistance to experimental challenge (A. W. Confer, S. Ayalew, R. J. Panciera, M. Montelongo, L. C. Whitworth, and J. D. Hammer, Vaccine 21:2821-2829, 2003). The objective of this work was to identify epitopes of PlpE that are responsible for inducing the immune response. Western blot analysis of a series of rPlpE with nested deletions on both termini with bovine anti-PlpE hyperimmune sera showed that the immunodominant region is located close to the N terminus of PlpE. Fine epitope mapping, in which an array of overlapping 13-mer synthetic peptides attached to a derivatized cellulose membrane was probed with various affinity-purified anti-PlpE antibodies, identified eight highly reactive regions, of which region 2 (R2) was identified as the specific epitope. The R2 region is comprised of eight imperfect repeats of a hexapeptide (QAQNAP) and is located between residues 26 and 76. Complement-mediated bactericidal activity of affinity-purified anti-PlpE bovine antibodies confirmed that antibodies directed against the R2 region are effective in killing M. haemolytica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahlu Ayalew
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA.
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Novotny LA, Bakaletz LO. The fourth surface-exposed region of the outer membrane protein P5-homologous adhesin of nontypable Haemophilus influenzae is an immunodominant but nonprotective decoying epitope. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2003; 171:1978-83. [PMID: 12902501 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.4.1978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nontypable Haemophilus influenzae is a major cause of otitis media and other mucosal infections. After natural disease in children and experimental disease in chinchillas, we found a hierarchical pattern of immunodominance among the four surface-exposed regions of the P5-homologous adhesin, with the greatest response directed to region 4. However, Ab to region 4 is not protective. When this natural but biased response was refocused to region 3 by immunization, augmented bacterial clearance and protection from ascending otitis media was observed. Collectively, the data indicate that region 4 contains a highly immunodominant but nonprotective decoying epitope, the presence of which dampens the immune response to a subdominant but protective epitope in region 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Novotny
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Columbus Children's Research Institute, Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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Kyd JM, Cripps AW, Novotny LA, Bakaletz LO. Efficacy of the 26-kilodalton outer membrane protein and two P5 fimbrin-derived immunogens to induce clearance of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae from the rat middle ear and lungs as well as from the chinchilla middle ear and nasopharynx. Infect Immun 2003; 71:4691-9. [PMID: 12874350 PMCID: PMC165997 DOI: 10.1128/iai.71.8.4691-4699.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The rat middle ear and lung clearance model has been used to show that the nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae 26-kDa outer membrane protein OMP26 is highly efficacious as a mucosal immunogen, inducing significantly enhanced clearance in immunized rats upon direct challenge of these two anatomic sites. Similarly, the chinchilla model of middle ear and nasopharyngeal clearance has been used to show that two P5 fimbrin adhesin-derived immunogens, LB1 and lipoprotein D (LPD)-LB1(f)(2,1,3), are highly efficacious as parenteral immunogens. Both induced significantly augmented clearance of nontypeable H. influenzae upon challenge of these sites. Here, these three nontypeable H. influenzae immunogens in addition to six bovine serum albumin and keyhole limpet hemocyanin conjugates of the synthetic peptide LB1(f) were assayed for relative efficacy in the reciprocal rodent model system. OMP26 was assayed in the chinchilla host by a parenteral immunization route, with clearance of the middle ear and nasopharynx used as outcome measures. Both LB1 and LPD-LB1(f)(2,1,3) were assayed in the rat host with a mucosal immunization route and clearance of nontypeable H. influenzae from the lungs and middle ears as outcome measures. Both of the immunogens were found to induce a high-titered and specific immune responses in the heterologous host system. Moreover, each was found to be highly efficacious in the reciprocal host system, providing strong support for the continued development and inclusion of both OMP26 and P5 fimbrin-derived peptides as candidate vaccine antigens directed at otitis media caused by nontypeable H. influenzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennelle M Kyd
- Division of Science and Design, Gadi Research Centre, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia.
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Novotny LA, Pichichero ME, Denoël PA, Neyt C, Vanderschrick S, Dequesne G, Bakaletz LO. Detection and characterization of pediatric serum antibody to the OMP P5-homologous adhesin of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae during acute otitis media. Vaccine 2003; 20:3590-7. [PMID: 12297406 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(02)00306-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We reported earlier that antibody in sera collected from seven children with acute otitis media (AOM) due to nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) recognized immunodominant regions of P5-fimbrin just as we had observed in a chinchilla model of experimental NTHI-induced AOM. To expand upon those preliminary findings, we further characterized pediatric serum antibodies directed against this adhesin during AOM. Collectively, the data show that children respond immunologically to P5-fimbrin and they do so in a manner that allows for the distinction of sequence diversity within short linear peptides representing a focused region of this surface-exposed protein. The immune recognition we observed encourages us to further develop a P5-fimbrin based vaccine component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Novotny
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine & Public Health, Children's Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Rm W302, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205-2696, USA
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Hill DJ, Toleman MA, Evans DJ, Villullas S, Van Alphen L, Virji M. The variable P5 proteins of typeable and non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae target human CEACAM1. Mol Microbiol 2001; 39:850-62. [PMID: 11251807 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2001.02233.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilus influenzae, a commensal of the human respiratory mucosa, is an important cause of localized and systemic infections. We have recently shown that numerous strains of capsulate (typeable) and acapsulate (non-typeable) H. influenzae target the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) family of cell adhesion molecules (CEACAMs). Moreover, the ligands appeared to be antigenically variable and, when using viable typeable bacteria, their adhesive functions were inhibited by the presence of capsule. In this report, we show that the antigenically variable outer membrane protein, P5, expressed by typeable and non-typeable H. influenzae targets human CEACAM1. Variants and mutants lacking the expression of P5 of all strains tested were unable to target purified soluble receptors. A non-typeable strain that did not interact with CEACAM1 was made adherent to both the soluble receptors and CEACAM1-transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells by transformation with the P5 gene derived from the adherent typeable strain Rd. However, several H. influenzae mutants lacking P5 expression continued to bind the cell-bound CEACAM1 receptors. These observations suggest that (i) CEACAM1 alone can support P5 interactions and (ii) some strains contain additional ligands with the property to target CEACAM1 but require the receptor in the cellular context. The identification of a common ligand in diverse strains of H. influenzae and the presence of multiple ligands for the same receptor suggests that targeting of members of the CEACAM family of receptors may be of primary significance in colonization and pathogenesis of H. influenzae strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Hill
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
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Novotny LA, Jurcisek JA, Pichichero ME, Bakaletz LO. Epitope mapping of the outer membrane protein P5-homologous fimbrin adhesin of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. Infect Immun 2000; 68:2119-28. [PMID: 10722609 PMCID: PMC97393 DOI: 10.1128/iai.68.4.2119-2128.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify potential immunodominant and/or adhesin binding domains of the outer membrane protein P5-homologous fimbrin adhesin of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI), three sets of synthetic peptides were synthesized and assayed in an adherence inhibition assay, by Western blotting, and in a biomolecular interaction analysis (BIA) system. The first series of 34 8- to 10-mer peptides represented the entire mature protein sequentially. The second set of four peptides (each 19 to 28 residues) represented the four predicted major surface-exposed regions (or loops) of this adhesin. The third series of seven peptides (each 27 to 34 residues) were specifically designed to map the third surface-exposed region. Data obtained by BIA indicated limited reactivity of a panel of high-titered immune chinchilla sera to the 8- to 10-mer peptides representing the mature protein, likely because these linear peptides did not represent continuous epitopes. However, several of these short peptides did inhibit adherence of multiple NTHI strains to a human respiratory epithelial cell. Overall, greatest relative reactivity in both BIA and adherence inhibition assays was demonstrated against, or shown by, peptides mapping to the third and fourth predicted surface-exposed regions of this adhesin, thereby indicating the presence of immunodominant and adhesin binding domains at these sites. Middle ear fluids sequentially recovered from a chinchilla with an ongoing NTHI-induced otitis media (OM) as well as sera from children with OM due to NTHI also reacted exclusively with peptides representing the third and fourth surface-exposed regions of the P5-fimbrin adhesin, indicating a similarity in immune recognition of this bacterial protein by these two hosts. Collectively, these data together with the previously demonstrated protective efficacy of immunogens derived from this adhesin in chinchilla models support the continued development of P5-fimbrin based vaccine components.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Novotny
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Molecular Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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