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Hu Y, Ye Z, Wu M, She Y, Li L, Xu Y, Qin K, Hu Z, Yang M, Lu F, Ye Q. The Communication Between Intestinal Microbiota and Ulcerative Colitis: An Exploration of Pathogenesis, Animal Models, and Potential Therapeutic Strategies. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:766126. [PMID: 34966755 PMCID: PMC8710685 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.766126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease. The prolonged course of UC and the lack of effective treatment management make it difficult to cure, affecting the health and life safety of patients. Although UC has received more attention, the etiology and pathogenesis of UC are still unclear. Therefore, it is urgent to establish an updated and comprehensive understanding of UC and explore effective treatment strategies. Notably, sufficient evidence shows that the intestinal microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of UC, and the treating method aimed at improving the balance of the intestinal microbiota exhibits a therapeutic potential for UC. This article reviews the relationship between the genetic, immunological and microbial risk factors with UC. At the same time, the UC animal models related to intestinal microbiota dysbiosis induced by chemical drugs were evaluated. Finally, the potential value of the therapeutic strategies for restoring intestinal microbial homeostasis and treating UC were also investigated. Comprehensively, this study may help to carry out preclinical research, treatment theory and methods, and health management strategy of UC, and provide some theoretical basis for TCM in the treatment of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Ye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingquan Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingqi She
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Linzhen Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujie Xu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaihua Qin
- Health Preservation and Rehabilitation College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhipeng Hu
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Maoyi Yang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fating Lu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiaobo Ye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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2
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Eleraky AF, Helal GK, Elshafie MF, Ismail RS. Concomitant inhibition of hedgehog signalling and activation of retinoid receptors abolishes bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:1024-1040. [PMID: 33576062 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating disease with unknown treatment. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) attenuates bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis by different mechanistic pathways. However, the role of retinoid receptors in lung fibrosis is still unclear. Forskolin (FSK), a potent inhibitor for the revolutionary hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway, has a promising antifibrotic effect on other organs such as the liver. This study investigates the interplay between the retinoid receptors modulation and the Hh signalling pathway in bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Rats were randomised and administrated a single dose of 7.5 mg/kg of BLM alone and with ATRA, FSK and both of them. The effects of FSK and ATRA on lung functions, oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde [MDA], glutathione [GSH], superoxide dismutase [SOD] and catalase [CAT]), retinoid markers (retinoic acid receptors [RAR] and rexinoid X receptors [RXR]) and Hh signalling markers (patched homolog 1 [Ptch-1], Smoothened [Smo] and glioblastoma-2 [Gli-2]) were assessed. In single therapies, ATRA and FSK ameliorated BLM-induced lung fibrosis. On the contrary, a combination of both drugs synergistically reversed the effect of BLM-induced lung fibrosis, as indicated by the enhancement of lung functions and the decrease of the α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression and collagen deposition. Additionally, FSK and ATRA ameliorated oxidative stress and inflammation, reduced transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) levels and reversed the effect of BLM on the mRNA expression of Ptch-1, Smo and Gli-2. FSK inhibited the Hh pathway and also activated protein kinase A (PKA) that is, in part, involved in phosphorylation of RAR/RXR heterodimer (a key step in retinoid receptor activation). The present results suggest that a combination of FSK and ATRA has a promising therapeutic value for lung fibrosis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Fawzy Eleraky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gouda Kamel Helal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F Elshafie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Raed S Ismail
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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3
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Yoon C, Kim D, Lim JH, Lee GM. Forskolin Increases cAMP Levels and Enhances Recombinant Antibody Production in CHO Cell Cultures. Biotechnol J 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chansik Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences KAIST Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Dongil Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences KAIST Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyeon Lim
- New Drug Development Center Cheongju 28160 Republic of Korea
| | - Gyun Min Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences KAIST Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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4
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The chilling of adenylyl cyclase 9 and its translational potential. Cell Signal 2020; 70:109589. [PMID: 32105777 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A recent break-through paper has revealed for the first time the high-resolution, three-dimensional structure of a mammalian trans-membrane adenylyl cyclase (tmAC) obtained by cryo-electronmicroscopy (cryo-EM). Reporting the structure of adenylyl cyclase 9 (AC9) in complex with activated Gsα, the cryo-EM study revealed that AC9 has three functionally interlinked, yet structurally distinct domains. The array of the twelve transmembrane helices is connected to the cytosolic catalytic core by two helical segments that are stabilized through the formation of a parallel coiled-coil. Surprisingly, in the presence of Gsα, the isoform-specific carboxyl-terminal tail of AC9 occludes the forskolin- as well as the active substrate-sites, resulting in marked autoinhibition of the enzyme. As AC9 has the lowest primary sequence homology with the eight further mammalian tmAC paralogues, it appears to be the best candidate for selective pharmacologic targeting. This is now closer to reality as the structural insight provided by the cryo-EM study indicates that all of the three structural domains are potential targets for bioactive agents. The present paper summarizes for molecular physiologists and pharmacologists what is known about the biological role of AC9, considers the potential modes of physiologic regulation, as well as pharmacologic targeting on the basis of the high-resolution cryo-EM structure. The translational potential of AC9 is considered upon highlighting the current state of genome-wide association screens, and the corresponding experimental evidence. Overall, whilst the high- resolution structure presents unique opportunities for the full understanding of the control of AC9, the data on the biological role of the enzyme and its translational potential are far from complete, and require extensive further study.
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Mastan A, Rane D, Dastager SG, Vivek Babu C. Development of low-cost plant probiotic formulations of functional endophytes for sustainable cultivation of Coleus forskohlii. Microbiol Res 2019; 227:126310. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2019.126310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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6
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Abreu M, Basti A, Genov N, Mazzoccoli G, Relógio A. The reciprocal interplay between TNFα and the circadian clock impacts on cell proliferation and migration in Hodgkin lymphoma cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11474. [PMID: 30065253 PMCID: PMC6068144 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29847-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A bidirectional interaction between the circadian network and effector mechanisms of immunity brings on a proper working of both systems. In the present study, we used Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) as an experimental model for a type of cancer involving cells of the immune system. We identified this cancer type among haematological malignancies has having a strong differential expression of core-clock elements. Taking advantage of bioinformatics analyses and experimental procedures carried out in III- and IV-stage HL cells, and lymphoblastoid B cells, we explored this interplay and bear out diverse interacting partners of both systems. In particular, we assembled a wide-ranging network of clock-immune-related genes and pinpointed TNF as a crucial intermediary player. A robust circadian clock hallmarked III-stage lymphoma cells, differently from IV-stage HL cells, which do not harbour a properly functioning clockwork. TNF and circadian gene modulation impacted on clock genes expression and triggered phenotypic changes in lymphoma cells, suggesting a crucial involvement of core-clock elements and TNF in the physiopathological mechanisms hastening malignancy. Our results move forward our understanding of the putative role of the core-clock and TNF in the pathobiology of Hodgkin lymphoma, and highlight their influence in cellular proliferation and migration in lymphatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Abreu
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alireza Basti
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikolai Genov
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Berlin, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gianluigi Mazzoccoli
- Department of Medical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine and Chronobiology Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Angela Relógio
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Theoretical Biology, Berlin, Germany. .,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, Berlin, Germany.
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7
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Luo Y, de Lange KM, Jostins L, Moutsianas L, Randall J, Kennedy NA, Lamb CA, McCarthy S, Ahmad T, Edwards C, Serra EG, Hart A, Hawkey C, Mansfield JC, Mowat C, Newman WG, Nichols S, Pollard M, Satsangi J, Simmons A, Tremelling M, Uhlig H, Wilson DC, Lee JC, Prescott NJ, Lees CW, Mathew CG, Parkes M, Barrett JC, Anderson CA. Exploring the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease by whole-genome sequencing identifies association at ADCY7. Nat Genet 2017; 49:186-192. [PMID: 28067910 PMCID: PMC5289625 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To further resolve the genetic architecture of the inflammatory bowel diseases ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, we sequenced the whole genomes of 4,280 patients at low coverage and compared them to 3,652 previously sequenced population controls across 73.5 million variants. We then imputed from these sequences into new and existing genome-wide association study cohorts and tested for association at ∼12 million variants in a total of 16,432 cases and 18,843 controls. We discovered a 0.6% frequency missense variant in ADCY7 that doubles the risk of ulcerative colitis. Despite good statistical power, we did not identify any other new low-frequency risk variants and found that such variants explained little heritability. We detected a burden of very rare, damaging missense variants in known Crohn's disease risk genes, suggesting that more comprehensive sequencing studies will continue to improve understanding of the biology of complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Luo
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Division of Genetics and Rheumatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Luke Jostins
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, UK
- Christ Church, University of Oxford, St Aldates, UK
| | - Loukas Moutsianas
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Joshua Randall
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Nicholas A. Kennedy
- Precision Medicine Exeter, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- IBD Pharmacogenetics, Royal Devon and Exeter Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Shane McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Tariq Ahmad
- Precision Medicine Exeter, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- IBD Pharmacogenetics, Royal Devon and Exeter Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Cathryn Edwards
- Department of Gastroenterology, Torbay Hospital, Torbay, Devon, UK
| | | | - Ailsa Hart
- Department of Medicine, St Mark's Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex, UK
| | - Chris Hawkey
- Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - John C. Mansfield
- Institute of Human Genetics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Craig Mowat
- Department of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - William G. Newman
- Genetic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- The Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sam Nichols
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Martin Pollard
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Jack Satsangi
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Wester General Hospital University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alison Simmons
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
- Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Mark Tremelling
- Gastroenterology & General Medicine, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, UK
| | - Holm Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit and the Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David C. Wilson
- Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, UK
- Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - James C. Lee
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Natalie J. Prescott
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Charlie W. Lees
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Wester General Hospital University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christopher G. Mathew
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Miles Parkes
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Group, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jeffrey C. Barrett
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Carl A. Anderson
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
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8
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El-Agroudy NN, El-Naga RN, El-Razeq RA, El-Demerdash E. Forskolin, a hedgehog signalling inhibitor, attenuates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:3248-3260. [PMID: 27590029 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Liver fibrosis is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide with very limited therapeutic options. Given the pivotal role of activated hepatic stellate cells in liver fibrosis, attention has been directed towards the signalling pathways underlying their activation and fibrogenic functions. Recently, the hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway has been identified as a potentially important therapeutic target in liver fibrosis. The present study was designed to explore the antifibrotic effects of the potent Hh signalling inhibitor, forskolin, and the possible molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with either CCl4 and/or forskolin for 6 consecutive weeks. Serum hepatotoxicity markers were determined, and histopathological evaluation was performed. Hepatic fibrosis was assessed by measuring α-SMA expression and collagen deposition by Masson's trichrome staining and hydroxyproline content. The effects of forskolin on oxidative stress markers (GSH, GPx, lipid peroxides), inflammatory markers (NF-κB, TNF-α, COX-2, IL-1β), TGF-β1 and Hh signalling markers (Ptch-1, Smo, Gli-2) were also assessed. KEY RESULTS Hepatic fibrosis induced by CCl4 was significantly reduced by forskolin, as indicated by decreased α-SMA expression and collagen deposition. Forskolin co-treatment significantly attenuated oxidative stress and inflammation, reduced TGF-β1 levels and down-regulated mRNA expression of Ptch-1, Smo and Gli-2 through cAMP-dependent PKA activation. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS In our model, forskolin exerted promising antifibrotic effects which could be partly attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as to its inhibition of Hh signalling, mediated by cAMP-dependent activation of PKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermeen N El-Agroudy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reem N El-Naga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania Abd El-Razeq
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ebtehal El-Demerdash
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. , .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt. ,
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Risøe PK, Rutkovskiy A, Ågren J, Kolseth IBM, Kjeldsen SF, Valen G, Vaage J, Dahle MK. Higher TNFα responses in young males compared to females are associated with attenuation of monocyte adenylyl cyclase expression. Hum Immunol 2015; 76:427-30. [PMID: 25959651 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) expression is strongly attenuated by the intracellular signaling mediator cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which is synthesized by adenylyl cyclase (AC) enzymes. We have compared AC regulation and TNFα production in male and female monocytes, and characterized the role of monocyte AC isoforms in TNFα regulation. Males and females, age groups 20-30 years and 50-70 years donated blood for this study. In lipopolysaccharide-stimulated blood from young male donors, we observed significantly higher TNFα responses (6h, p=0.03) compared to females of the same age, a difference not observed in the older donors. Rapid down-regulation of the monocyte AC isoforms AC4, AC7 and AC9 were observed in young males. AC-directed siRNA experiments in the human monocyte cell line THP-1 demonstrated that AC7 and AC9 knock-down significantly induced TNFα release (p=0.01 for both isoforms). These data indicate that the stronger TNFα-responses in young males may be partly associated with male-specific down-regulation of adenylyl cyclases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter K Risøe
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Arkady Rutkovskiy
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Joanna Ågren
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Department of Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid B M Kolseth
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Signe Flood Kjeldsen
- Institute for Surgical Research, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guro Valen
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Jarle Vaage
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Intensive Care, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Ulleval, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Maria K Dahle
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway; Section of Immunology, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway.
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10
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Cecal Ligation and Puncture Sepsis Is Associated with Attenuated Expression of Adenylyl Cyclase 9 and Increased Mir142-3p. Shock 2011; 36:390-5. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e318228ec6f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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11
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Pavlikova N, Kortner TM, Arukwe A. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, estrogenic responses and biotransformation system in the liver of salmon exposed to tributyltin and second messenger activator. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2010; 99:176-85. [PMID: 20466441 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 04/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which organotin compounds produce modulations of the endocrine systems and other biological responses are not fully understood. In this study, juvenile salmon were force-fed diet containing TBT (0: solvent control, 0.1, 1 and 10mg/kg fish) for 72 h. Subsequently, fish exposed to solvent control and 10mg TBT were exposed to waterborne concentration (200 microg/l) of the adenylate cyclase (AC) stimulator, forskolin for 2 and 4h. The overall aim of the study was to explore whether TBT endocrine disruptive effects involve second messenger activation. Liver was sampled from individual fish (n=8) at the end of the exposures. The transcription patterns of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) isotype and acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACOX1), aromatase isoform, estrogen receptor-alpha (ER alpha), pregnane X receptor (PXR), CYP3A and glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Our data showed a consistent increase in PPAR alpha, PPAR beta and PPAR gamma mRNA and protein expression after TBT exposure that were inversely correlated with ACOX1 mRNA levels. Forskolin produced PPAR isotype-specific mRNA and protein effects that were modulated by TBT. ACOX1 expression was decreased (at 2h) and increased (at 4h) by forskolin and the presence of TBT potentiated these effects. TBT apparently increased mRNA and protein levels of cyp19a, compared to the solvent control, whereas cyp19b mRNA levels were unaffected by TBT treatment. Combined TBT and forskolin exposure produced respective decrease and increase of mRNA levels of cyp19a and cyp19b, compared with control. TBT decreased ER alpha mRNA at low dose (1mg/kg) and forskolin exposure alone produced a consistent decrease of ER alpha mRNA levels that were not affected by the presence of TBT. Interestingly, PXR and CYP3A mRNA levels were differentially affected, either decreased or increased, after exposure to TBT and forskolin, singly and also in combination. GST mRNA was increased by TBT exposure. Exposure to forskolin alone increased GST expression with time, and combined exposure with TBT potentiated these respective effects. Overall, the present study demonstrates multiple biological effects of TBT given singly or in combination with cAMP activator. There are no studies known to us that have evaluated the endocrine disruptive effects of TBT in the presence of a second messenger activator, and our data suggest that TBT may exert endocrine, biotransformation and lipid peroxidative effects through modulation of cAMP/PKA second messenger signaling with overt physiological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nela Pavlikova
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Høgskoleringen 5, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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12
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Yang AJ, Li CC, Lu CY, Liu KL, Tsai CW, Lii CK, Chen HW. Activation of the cAMP/CREB/inducible cAMP early repressor pathway suppresses andrographolide-induced gene expression of the pi class of glutathione S-transferase in rat primary hepatocytes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:1993-2000. [PMID: 20063885 DOI: 10.1021/jf902221j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Andrographolide (Ap) is a bioactive compound in Andrographis paniculata that is a Chinese herb. The pi class of glutathione S-transferase (GSTP) is one kind of phase II detoxification enzyme. Here we show that induction of GSTP protein and mRNA expression in rat primary hepatocytes by Ap was inhibited by forskolin and a variety of cAMP analogues. The inhibitory effect of the cAMP analogues was partially blocked by pretreatment with H89. In the presence of Ap, forskolin, or both, the expression of phospho-cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) was increased. Ap alone had no effect on inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER) mRNA expression; however, Ap played a potentiating role in forskolin-induced ICER mRNA expression. An EMSA and immunoprecipitation assay showed that ICER binding to cAMP-response element (CRE) was increased in cells cotreated with Ap and forskolin for 3 and 8 h. Taken together, these results suggest that ICER is likely to be involved in the suppression of Ap-induced GSTP expression caused by the increase of cAMP in rat primary hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Jen Yang
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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13
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Lissitzky JC, Parriaux D, Ristorcelli E, Vérine A, Lombardo D, Verrando P. Cyclic AMP signaling as a mediator of vasculogenic mimicry in aggressive human melanoma cells in vitro. Cancer Res 2009; 69:802-9. [PMID: 19176384 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-2391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aggressive melanoma cells can engage in a process termed vasculogenic mimicry (VM) that reflects the ability of tumor cells to express a multipotent, stem cell-like phenotype. Melanoma cell plasticity contributes to the lack of efficient therapeutic strategies targeting metastatic tumors. This study reveals cyclic AMP as a mediator of VM in vitro. In uveal and cutaneous metastatic aggressive human melanoma cells, an increase in cyclic AMP by forskolin, dibutyryl cyclic AMP, or G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) ligands such as adrenaline and vasoactive intestinal peptide inhibited VM to different extents. Although chemical modulators of protein kinase A (PKA) had no effect, a specific pharmacologic activator of Exchange protein directly activated by cyclic AMP (Epac) impaired VM. Ras-associated protein-1 (Rap1) activation assays revealed that cyclic AMP-elevating agents induce a PKA-independent activation of Epac/Rap1. Pharmacologic inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activity abolished VM. Phosphorylation of ERK1/2 was PKA-independently inhibited by forskolin but not inhibited by Epac/Rap1 signaling, PKA modulation, or GPCR ligands. Furthermore, the forskolin also inhibited phosphatidyl inositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-mediated activation of protein kinase Akt, as monitored by Ser473 phosphorylation. The pharmacologic activation of Epac and GPCR ligands slightly stimulated Akt, a likely concomitant process of VM modulation. Collectively, these data show that forskolin strongly inhibits VM through PKA-independent activation of Epac/Rap1, PKA-, and Epac-independent inactivation of ERK1/2 and inhibition of PI3K/Akt. The data also show that VM inhibition by GPCR ligands involves mainly the Epac/Rap1-activated signal. Thus cyclic AMP inhibits VM through multiple signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Lissitzky
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale UMR911, Centre de Recherche en Oncologie Biologique et Onco-pharmacologie, Aix-Marseille University, School of Medicine Timone, Marseille, France
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Klotz C, Frevert U. Plasmodium yoelii sporozoites modulate cytokine profile and induce apoptosis in murine Kupffer cells. Int J Parasitol 2008; 38:1639-50. [PMID: 18656478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2008.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2008] [Revised: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 05/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodium sporozoites traverse Kupffer cells on their way into the liver. Sporozoite contact does not elicit a respiratory burst in these hepatic macrophages and blocks the formation of reactive oxygen species in response to secondary stimuli via elevation of the intracellular cAMP concentration. Here we show that increasing the cAMP level with dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate (db-cAMP) or isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX) also modulates cytokine secretion in murine Kupffer cells towards an overall anti-inflammatory profile. Stimulation of Plasmodium yoelii sporozoite-exposed Kupffer cells with lipopolysaccharide or IFN-gamma reveals down-modulation of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and MCP-1, and up-regulation of IL-10. Prerequisite for this shift of the cytokine profile are parasite viability and contact with Kupffer cells, but not invasion. Whilst sporozoite-exposed Kupffer cells become TUNEL-positive and exhibit other signs of apoptotic death such as membrane blebbing, nuclear condensation and fragmentation, sporozoites remain intact and appear to transform to early exo-erythrocytic forms in Kupffer cell cultures. Together, the in vitro data indicate that Plasmodium possesses mechanisms to render Kupffer cells insensitive to pro-inflammatory stimuli and eventually eliminates these macrophages by forcing them into programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Klotz
- Department of Medical Parasitology, New York University School of Medicine, 341 E 25 Street, New York, NY 10010, USA.
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Identification of innate immunity genes and pathways using a comparative genomics approach. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008; 105:7016-21. [PMID: 18463287 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0802405105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To reveal regulators of innate immunity, we used RNAi assays to monitor the immune response when genes are inhibited in Caenorhabditis elegans and mouse macrophages. Genes that altered innate immune responsiveness in C. elegans were validated in murine macrophages, resulting in the discovery of 11 genes that regulate the innate immune response in both systems and the subsequent identification of a protein interaction network with a conserved role in innate immunity regulation. We confirmed the role of four of these 11 genes in antimicrobial gene regulation using available mutants in C. elegans. Several of these genes (acy-1, tub-2, and tbc-1) also regulate susceptibility to the pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These genes may prove critical to understanding host defense and represent potential therapeutic targets for infectious and immunological diseases.
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Risøe PK, Wang Y, Stuestøl JF, Aasen AO, Wang JE, Dahle MK. Lipopolysaccharide attenuates mRNA levels of several adenylyl cyclase isoforms in vivo. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2006; 1772:32-9. [PMID: 17008068 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2006.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2006] [Revised: 08/02/2006] [Accepted: 08/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Signals that elevate intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) are among the factors that control lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammatory mediator production by macrophages. cAMP signaling is also involved in maintaining body functions that are commonly impaired in sepsis, including the endothelial cell barrier function and heart function. Several agents successfully used for sepsis intervention target cAMP signaling, and it was recently shown that liver and lung may be protected from inflammation injury by cAMP-elevating phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Here, we show that LPS attenuates adenylyl cyclase (AC) mRNA levels in liver, lung, heart, spleen and kidney in an animal model of endotoxemia, and in macrophages from liver and lung. In particular, AC5, AC6, AC7 and AC9 mRNA were reduced in most tissues examined and in tissue macrophages. In Kupffer cells, prostaglandin E2-mediated cAMP production was inhibited by LPS treatment. The reduction in AC mRNA by LPS would be expected to lead to a lowered potential for cAMP production in most organs, and in particular, changes in AC6 mRNA may affect endothelial cell barrier function and heart function. In contrast, AC4 mRNA was elevated in heart and lung. The present work indicates a possible mechanism for LPS-mediated alteration of cAMP signaling in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter Kirkeby Risøe
- University of Oslo, Faculty Division Rikshospitalet, Institute for Surgical Research, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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