1
|
Wang Q, Geng S, Wang L, Wen Z, Sun X, Huang H. Bacterial mandelic acid degradation pathway and its application in biotechnology. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:273-286. [PMID: 35294082 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mandelic acid and its derivatives are an important class of chemical synthetic blocks, which is widely used in drug synthesis and stereochemistry research. In nature, mandelic acid degradation pathway has been widely identified and analyzed as a representative pathway of aromatic compounds degradation. The most studied mandelic acid degradation pathway from Pseudomonas putida consists of mandelate racemase, S-mandelate dehydrogenase, benzoylformate decarboxylase, benzaldehyde dehydrogenase and downstream benzoic acid degradation pathways. Because of the ability to catalyze various reactions of aromatic substrates, pathway enzymes have been widely used in biocatalysis, kinetic resolution, chiral compounds synthesis or construction of new metabolic pathways. In this paper, the physiological significance and the existing range of the mandelic acid degradation pathway were introduced first. Then each of the enzymes in the pathway is reviewed one by one, including the researches on enzymatic properties and the applications in biotechnology as well as efforts that have been made to modify the substrate specificity or improving catalytic activity by enzyme engineering to adapt different applications. The composition of the important metabolic pathway of bacterial mandelic acid degradation pathway as well as the researches and applications of pathway enzymes is summarized in this review for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingzhuo Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2# Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Geng
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2# Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingru Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2# Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Wen
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2# Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoman Sun
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2# Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - He Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2# Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, No. 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Banh RS, Kim ES, Spillier Q, Biancur DE, Yamamoto K, Sohn ASW, Shi G, Jones DR, Kimmelman AC, Pacold ME. The polar oxy-metabolome reveals the 4-hydroxymandelate CoQ10 synthesis pathway. Nature 2021; 597:420-425. [PMID: 34471290 PMCID: PMC8538427 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03865-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen is critical for a multitude of metabolic processes that are essential for human life. Biological processes can be identified by treating cells with 18O2 or other isotopically labelled gases and systematically identifying biomolecules incorporating labeled atoms. Here we labelled cell lines of distinct tissue origins with 18O2 to identify the polar oxy-metabolome, defined as polar metabolites labelled with 18O under different physiological O2 tensions. The most highly 18O-labelled feature was 4-hydroxymandelate (4-HMA). We demonstrate that 4-HMA is produced by hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase-like (HPDL), a protein of previously unknown function in human cells. We identify 4-HMA as an intermediate involved in the biosynthesis of the coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) headgroup in human cells. The connection of HPDL to CoQ10 biosynthesis provides crucial insights into the mechanisms underlying recently described neurological diseases related to HPDL deficiencies1-4 and cancers with HPDL overexpression5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert S Banh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Esther S Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Quentin Spillier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Douglas E Biancur
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Keisuke Yamamoto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Albert S W Sohn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guangbin Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Drew R Jones
- Metabolomics Core Resource Laboratory, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alec C Kimmelman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael E Pacold
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Geetha Thanuja K, Annadurai B, Thankappan S, Uthandi S. Non-rhizobial endophytic (NRE) yeasts assist nodulation of Rhizobium in root nodules of blackgram (Vigna mungo L.). Arch Microbiol 2020; 202:2739-2749. [PMID: 32737540 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-01983-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The signal orchestration between legumes and the rhizobia attribute to symbiotic nitrogen fixation through nodule formation. Root nodules serve as a nutrient-rich reservoir and harbor diverse microbial communities. However, the existence of non-rhizobial endophytes (NRE) and their role inside the root nodules are being explored; there is no evidence on yeast microflora inhabiting nodule niche. This study focused on unraveling the presence of yeast in the root nodules and their possible function in either nodulation or signal exchange. From the root nodules of blackgram, two yeast strains were isolated and identified as Candida glabrata VYP1 and Candida tropicalis VYW1 based on 18S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogeny. These strains possessed plant growth-promoting traits viz., IAA, ACC deaminase, siderophore, ammonia, and polyamine production. The functional capacity of endophytic yeast strains, and their interaction with Rhizobium sp. was further unveiled via profiling volatile organic compounds (VOC). Among the VOCs, α-glucopyranoside and pyrroloquinoline pitches a pivotal role in activating lectin pathways and phosphorous metabolism. Further, lectin pathways are crucial for nodulating bacterium, and our study showed that these endophytic yeasts assist nodulation by Rhizobium sp. via activating the nod factors. The plant growth-promoting traits of NRE yeast strains coupled with their metabolite production, could recruit them as potential drivers in the plant-microbe interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalyanasundaram Geetha Thanuja
- Biocatalysts Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641003, India
| | - Brundha Annadurai
- Biocatalysts Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641003, India
| | - Sugitha Thankappan
- Biocatalysts Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641003, India
| | - Sivakumar Uthandi
- Biocatalysts Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641003, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bearne SL, St Maurice M. A Paradigm for CH Bond Cleavage: Structural and Functional Aspects of Transition State Stabilization by Mandelate Racemase. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2017; 109:113-160. [PMID: 28683916 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mandelate racemase (MR) from Pseudomonas putida catalyzes the Mg2+-dependent, 1,1-proton transfer reaction that racemizes (R)- and (S)-mandelate. MR shares a partial reaction (i.e., the metal ion-assisted, Brønsted base-catalyzed proton abstraction of the α-proton of carboxylic acid substrates) and structural features ((β/α)7β-barrel and N-terminal α + β capping domains) with a vast group of homologous, yet functionally diverse, enzymes in the enolase superfamily. Mechanistic and structural studies have developed this enzyme into a paradigm for understanding how enzymes such as those of the enolase superfamily overcome kinetic and thermodynamic barriers to catalyze the abstraction of an α-proton from a carbon acid substrate with a relatively high pKa value. Structural studies on MR bound to intermediate/transition state analogues have delineated those structural features that MR uses to stabilize transition states and enhance reaction rates of proton abstraction. Kinetic, site-directed mutagenesis, and structural studies have also revealed that the phenyl ring of the substrate migrates through the hydrophobic cavity within the active site during catalysis and that the Brønsted acid-base catalysts (Lys 166 and His 297) may be utilized as binding determinants for inhibitor recognition. In addition, structural studies on the adduct formed from the irreversible inhibition of MR by 3-hydroxypyruvate revealed that MR can form and deprotonate a Schiff-base with 3-hydroxypyruvate to yield an enol(ate)-aldehyde adduct, suggesting a possible evolutionary link between MR and the Schiff-base forming aldolases. As the archetype of the enolase superfamily, mechanistic and structural studies on MR will continue to enhance our understanding of enzyme catalysis and furnish insights into the evolution of enzyme function.
Collapse
|
5
|
Prydderch H, Haiβ A, Spulak M, Quilty B, Kümmerer K, Heise A, Gathergood N. Mandelic acid derived ionic liquids: synthesis, toxicity and biodegradability. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25562k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel ionic liquids have been synthesised directly from the renewable resource mandelic acid and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity and biodegradability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Prydderch
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Dublin City University
- Dublin 9
- Ireland
| | - Annette Haiβ
- Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry
- Leuphana University Lüneburg
- DE-21335 Lüneburg
- Germany
| | - Marcel Spulak
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry
- Charles University
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- CZ-500 03 Hradec Králové
- Czech Republic
| | - Brid Quilty
- School of Biotechnology
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology
- Dublin City University
- Dublin 9
- Ireland
| | - Klaus Kümmerer
- Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry
- Leuphana University Lüneburg
- DE-21335 Lüneburg
- Germany
| | - Andreas Heise
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
- Dublin 2
- Ireland
| | - Nicholas Gathergood
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Tallinn University of Technology
- 12618 Tallinn
- Estonia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pribat A, Noiriel A, Morse AM, Davis JM, Fouquet R, Loizeau K, Ravanel S, Frank W, Haas R, Reski R, Bedair M, Sumner LW, Hanson AD. Nonflowering plants possess a unique folate-dependent phenylalanine hydroxylase that is localized in chloroplasts. THE PLANT CELL 2010; 22:3410-22. [PMID: 20959559 PMCID: PMC2990131 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.110.078824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2010] [Revised: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Tetrahydropterin-dependent aromatic amino acid hydroxylases (AAHs) are known from animals and microbes but not plants. A survey of genomes and ESTs revealed AAH-like sequences in gymnosperms, mosses, and algae. Analysis of full-length AAH cDNAs from Pinus taeda, Physcomitrella patens, and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii indicated that the encoded proteins form a distinct clade within the AAH family. These proteins were shown to have Phe hydroxylase activity by functional complementation of an Escherichia coli Tyr auxotroph and by enzyme assays. The P. taeda and P. patens AAHs were specific for Phe, required iron, showed Michaelian kinetics, and were active as monomers. Uniquely, they preferred 10-formyltetrahydrofolate to any physiological tetrahydropterin as cofactor and, consistent with preferring a folate cofactor, retained activity in complementation tests with tetrahydropterin-depleted E. coli host strains. Targeting assays in Arabidopsis thaliana mesophyll protoplasts using green fluorescent protein fusions, and import assays with purified Pisum sativum chloroplasts, indicated chloroplastic localization. Targeting assays further indicated that pterin-4a-carbinolamine dehydratase, which regenerates the AAH cofactor, is also chloroplastic. Ablating the single AAH gene in P. patens caused accumulation of Phe and caffeic acid esters. These data show that nonflowering plants have functional plastidial AAHs, establish an unprecedented electron donor role for a folate, and uncover a novel link between folate and aromatic metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Pribat
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Alexandre Noiriel
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Alison M. Morse
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - John M. Davis
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Romain Fouquet
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Karen Loizeau
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Université Joseph Fourier, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique-Grenoble, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Stéphane Ravanel
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique/Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Université Joseph Fourier, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique-Grenoble, F-38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Wolfgang Frank
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Richard Haas
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Reski
- Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mohamed Bedair
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401
| | - Lloyd W. Sumner
- Plant Biology Division, Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma 73401
| | - Andrew D. Hanson
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Naponelli V, Noiriel A, Ziemak MJ, Beverley SM, Lye LF, Plume AM, Botella JR, Loizeau K, Ravanel S, Rébeillé F, de Crécy-Lagard V, Hanson AD. Phylogenomic and functional analysis of pterin-4a-carbinolamine dehydratase family (COG2154) proteins in plants and microorganisms. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2008; 146:1515-27. [PMID: 18245455 PMCID: PMC2287330 DOI: 10.1104/pp.107.114090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Pterin-4a-carbinolamine dehydratases (PCDs) recycle oxidized pterin cofactors generated by aromatic amino acid hydroxylases (AAHs). PCDs are known biochemically only from animals and one bacterium, but PCD-like proteins (COG2154 in the Clusters of Orthologous Groups [COGs] database) are encoded by many plant and microbial genomes. Because these genomes often encode no AAH homologs, the annotation of their COG2154 proteins as PCDs is questionable. Moreover, some COG2154 proteins lack canonical residues that are catalytically important in mammalian PCDs. Diverse COG2154 proteins of plant, fungal, protistan, and prokaryotic origin were therefore tested for PCD activity by functional complementation in Escherichia coli, and the plant proteins were localized using green fluorescent protein fusions. Higher and lower plants proved to have two COG2154 proteins, a mitochondrial one with PCD activity and a noncanonical, plastidial one without. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the latter is unique to plants and arose from the former early in the plant lineage. All 10 microbial COG2154 proteins tested had PCD activity; six of these came from genomes with no AAH, and six were noncanonical. The results suggested the motif [EDKH]-x(3)-H-[HN]-[PCS]-x(5,6)-[YWF]-x(9)-[HW]-x(8,15)-D as a signature for PCD activity. Organisms having a functional PCD but no AAH partner include angiosperms, yeast, and various prokaryotes. In these cases, PCD presumably has another function. An ancillary role in molybdopterin cofactor metabolism, hypothesized from phylogenomic evidence, was supported by demonstrating significantly lowered activities of two molybdoenzymes in Arabidopsis thaliana PCD knockout mutants. Besides this role, we propose that partnerless PCDs support the function of as yet unrecognized pterin-dependent enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Naponelli
- Department of Horticultural Sciences , University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kenyon GL, Hegeman GD. Mandelate racemase. ADVANCES IN ENZYMOLOGY AND RELATED AREAS OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2006; 50:325-60. [PMID: 386722 DOI: 10.1002/9780470122952.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
9
|
Weber FJ, Hage KC, de Bont JA. Growth of the fungus Cladosporium sphaerospermum with toluene as the sole carbon and energy source. Appl Environ Microbiol 1995; 61:3562-6. [PMID: 7486990 PMCID: PMC167650 DOI: 10.1128/aem.61.10.3562-3566.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The fungus Cladosporium sphaerospermum was isolated from a biofilter used for the removal of toluene from waste gases. This is the first report describing growth of a eukaryotic organism with toluene as the sole source of carbon and energy. The oxygen consumption rates, as well as the measured enzyme activities, of toluene-grown C. sphaerospermum indicate that toluene is degraded by an initial attack on the methyl group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F J Weber
- Division of Industrial Microbiology, Department of Food Science, Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Drummond L, Caldwell J, Wilson HK. The stereoselectivity of 1,2-phenylethanediol and mandelic acid metabolism and disposition in the rat. Xenobiotica 1990; 20:159-68. [PMID: 2333712 DOI: 10.3109/00498259009047151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
1. The steps involved in determining the chirality of the mandelic acid excreted by rats after administration of ethylbenzene and styrene were investigated by studying the fate of racemic, (R)- and (s)1,2-phenylethanediol, a precursor of mandelic acid. These investigations indicate the occurrence of two alternative routes of metabolism for 1,2-phenylethanediol, one involving retention of configuration and the other resulting in the loss of the chiral centre. 2. The stereoselectivity of the disposition of mandelic acid was investigated; rats were dosed with mandelic acid either as the racemate or as the individual enantiomers, G.1.c.-mass spectrometry and h.p.l.c. were used to determine the enantiomers of mandelic acid. 3. There were at least two routes by which mandelic acid could be metabolized and/or excreted; there is a stereoselective pathway in rat for (s)-mandelic acid, which gives rise to phenylglyoxylic acid. 4. The chiral inversion of (s)-mandelic acid to (R)-mandelic acid is reported; although this has been observed in bacteria it has not previously been observed in mammals. 5. The extent to which mandelic acid is metabolized to phenylglyoxylic acid is dependent on the enantiomeric composition of the mandelic acid administered. There is no evidence to indicate significant ketone-alcohol conversion, that is phenylglyoxylic acid is not significantly reduced to mandelic acid in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Drummond
- Occupational Medicine and Hygiene Laboratories, London, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen YP, Dilworth MJ, Glenn AR. Degradation of mandelate and 4-hydroxymandelate by Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii TA1. Arch Microbiol 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00454868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
12
|
Abstract
This review highlights the diversity of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms that can metabolise mandelate and it describes how a wide range of compounds related to mandelate is formed in many environments. The chief aspects that are summarised include the various pathways whereby mandelate and its structural analogues are converted into catechol or protocatechuate, the properties of the enzymes that are involved in the pathways, and the regulation and genetics of the pathways. The review incorporates the idea that the study of peripheral metabolic pathways is particularly useful for illuminating evolutionary speculations and it concludes with a list of questions that need to be answered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Fewson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Glasgow, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hills CA, Fewson CA. Mutant strains of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus possessing additional mandelate dehydrogenases. Identification and preliminary characterization of the enzymes. Biochem J 1983; 209:379-86. [PMID: 6342613 PMCID: PMC1154104 DOI: 10.1042/bj2090379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus wild-type strain N.C.I.B. 8250 can grow on only the L(+)-isomer of mandelate but mutant strains have been isolated that can grow on D(-)-mandelate. These mutants contain a novel D(-)-mandelate dehydrogenase in addition to the original L(+)-mandelate dehydrogenase. A second wild-type strain, EBF 65/65, shows the opposite pattern and can grow on D(-)-mandelate but not on L(+)-mandelate; mutants have been isolated that possess an L(+)-mandelate dehydrogenase in addition to the original D(-)-mandelate dehydrogenase and can thus grow on L(+)-mandelate. Both L(+)- and D(-)-mandelate dehydrogenases, whether originally present or evolved, are very similar in many respects: they are membrane-bound and NAD(P)+-independent; their activities have similar dependence on temperature and pH; they are inhibited by oxalate but not by several metal-chelating agents; they are stereospecific in their action and are inhibited by the opposite stereoisomers. D(-)-Mandelate dehydrogenase is much more susceptible than L(+)-mandelate dehydrogenase to inhibition by HgCl2 and p-chloromercuribenzoate and is much more heat-labile.
Collapse
|
14
|
Manley SL, Chapman DJ. Metabolism of l-Tyrosine to 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde and 3-Bromo-4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde by Chloroplast-containing Fractions of Odonthalia floccosa (Esp.) Falk. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 1979; 64:1032-8. [PMID: 16661087 PMCID: PMC543186 DOI: 10.1104/pp.64.6.1032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and 3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde from l-[U-(14)C]tyrosine has been demonstrated in chloroplast-containing fractions obtained by differential and isopycnic centrifugation from the marine red alga Odonthalia floccosa. Surfactant and high speed centrifugation studies indicate that the biosynthetic pathway involves a particulate enzyme system, possibly located on the thylakoid membranes. The following scheme, based upon identification of labeled (14)C-intermediates, is proposed for the formation of aldehydes: l-tyrosine --> 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid --> 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid --> 4-hydroxymandelic acid --> 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde --> 3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S L Manley
- Department of Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90024
| | | |
Collapse
|