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Gavina K, Franco LC, Khan H, Lavik JP, Relich RF. Molecular point-of-care devices for the diagnosis of infectious diseases in resource-limited settings - A review of the current landscape, technical challenges, and clinical impact. J Clin Virol 2023; 169:105613. [PMID: 37866094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Molecular point-of-care (POC) tests offer high sensitivity, rapid turnaround times, relative ease of use, and the convenience of laboratory-grade testing in the absence of formal laboratory spaces and equipment, making them appealing options for infectious disease diagnosis in resource-limited settings. In this review, we discuss the role and potential of molecular POC tests in resource-limited settings and their associated logistical challenges. We discuss U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval, Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments complexity levels, and the REASSURED criteria as a starting point for assessing options currently available inside and outside of the United States. We then present POC tests currently in research and development phases that have potential for commercialization and implementation in limited-resource settings. Finally, we review published studies that have assessed the clinical impact of molecular POC testing in limited- and moderate-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Gavina
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Division of Clinical Microbiology, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Lauren C Franco
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Haseeba Khan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - John-Paul Lavik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Division of Clinical Microbiology, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ryan F Relich
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Division of Clinical Microbiology, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Li H, Te SH, Tavakoli Y, Zhang J, Yew-Hoong Gin K, He Y. Rapid detection methods and modelling simulations provide new insights into cyanobacteria detection and bloom management in a tropical reservoir. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 326:116730. [PMID: 36399808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The increasing occurrence of cyanobacteria blooms is of global concern, and is often associated with environmental and socio-economic problems, such as degenerated ecosystems and aquaculture impairment. The diazotrophic cyanobacterium Raphidiopsis raciborskii (R. raciborskii) grows rapidly in the tropics, and produces the toxin, cylindrospermopsin (CYN), which has harmful effects on aquatic organisms. Thus, to protect water quality and ecosystem, it is essential to have rapid and reliable methods for cyanobacteria and R. raciborskii detection and prediction so that early warning can be provided for management. Molecular assays, such as PCR, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), two-step PCR assays are accurate and widely used, but still require several hours from sample preparation to data analysis. In this study, insulated isothermal PCR (iiPCR) assays in conjunction with fast DNA extraction method, were developed and verified as a rapid detection assay in detecting cyanobacteria and R. raciborskii within 50 min, and also with high detection accuracy (98.8%) and the overall high agreement level (98.8%, k = 97.5%)) comparing to conventional qPCR assay. However, the limitation of the iiPCR assay is that it only generates qualitative results. Therefore, the quantified iiPCR assay, named as A-iiPCR, by coupling iiPCR device with fluorescence signal catching and interpretation instrument (Andor spectrometer with Solis spectroscopy software) was developed and verified with in situ environmental samples. The fluorescence intensity decreased accordingly with the drop of DNA concentration until reaching 1.32 ng/μL. Also, Delft 3D modelling was established to simulate R. raciborskii change in predicting spatial and temporal variabilities for reservoir management, as the simulated R. raciborskii concentration was the highest at sampling site 1, as well as temporally highest in April and October, posing as the most high-risk location and time periods for R. raciborskii bloom-forming requiring corresponding governance measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; NUS Environmental Research Institute (E2S2-CREATE), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shu Harn Te
- NUS Environmental Research Institute (E2S2-CREATE), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yasaman Tavakoli
- NUS Environmental Research Institute (E2S2-CREATE), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jingjie Zhang
- NUS Environmental Research Institute (NERI), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Karina Yew-Hoong Gin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; NUS Environmental Research Institute (E2S2-CREATE), National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yiliang He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Validation of a point-of-need diagnostic tool for rapid diagnosis of norovirus gastroenteritis. Pediatr Neonatol 2022; 63:368-372. [PMID: 35379592 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genogroups GI and GII of norovirus (NoV) ribonucleic acid (RNA) genetic variants are the most prevalent cause of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks, especially in children, worldwide. A fast, accurate and convenient tool for diagnosis of NoV may be preferable to the more complicated performance of real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). METHODS In this study, we developed and evaluated a tool using insulated isothermal PCR (iiPCR)-mediated POCKIT Central NoV GI and NoV GII assay systems for diagnosis of NoV infection in pediatric patients suspected with gastroenteritis. RESULTS Performance of POCKIT Central Norovirus GI and GII assays using RT-iiPCR, compared to regular real-time RT-PCR showed the same diagnosis rate to NoV GI (100% of total percent agreement and 1.0 of Cohen's kappa value) and a similar detection rate to norovirus GII (96.3% of total percent agreement and 0.92 of Cohen's kappa value). In exclusivity tests, the POCKIT Central NoV GI and GII assays showed negative results to other viruses, indicating that the assays may be a NoV-specific detection tool. CONCLUSION POCKIT Central NoV GI and GII Assay systems can provide a simple, rapid, sensitive, and specific point-of-need diagnostic tool for the detection of NoV GI and GII RNAs in clinical specimens from children with acute gastroenteritis.
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Giménez-Richarte Á, de Salazar MO, Arbona C, Giménez-Richarte MP, Collado M, Fernández PL, Quiles F, Clavijo C, Marco P, Ramos-Rincon JM. Prevalence of Chikungunya, Dengue and Zika viruses in blood donors: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. BLOOD TRANSFUSION = TRASFUSIONE DEL SANGUE 2022; 20:267-280. [PMID: 34694219 PMCID: PMC9256504 DOI: 10.2450/2021.0106-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood transfusion centres should understand the epidemiology of emerging diseases that are transmissible through the transfusion of blood components. The risk of transmission of arboviruses through this route has become apparent in recent years. The aim of our study is to summarise the reported prevalence (viraemic rate, seroprevalence and/or antigen detection) of Chikungunya (CHIKV), Dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses in blood donors according to screening test used and world region. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis having searched for information in the main bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus). The prevalence for each of the viruses was calculated according to the screening test used and geographic location. RESULTS We included 18 records on CHIKV, 71 on DENV, and 27 on ZIKV. The highest prevalences of RNA for CHIKV were 1.9% in Puerto Rico (2014), 1.0% in Thailand (2009), and 1.0% in French Polynesia (2014-15). The highest prevalences of RNA for DENV were 5.5% in Saudi Arabia (2015-16), 2.3% in Madeira, Portugal (2012-13), and 0.6% in Brazil (2012). The highest prevalences of RNA for ZIKV were 2.8% in French Polynesia (2013-14), 2.7% in Brazil (2015-16), and 1.8% in Martinique (2016). Overall seroprevalence, as assessed by IgG antibodies, was 21.6% for CHIKV, 24.0% for DENV, and 5.1% for ZIKV. DISCUSSION Our study shows a high proportion of donors who are viraemic and asymptomatic, especially during outbreaks, with prevalences surpassing 5% for DENV, 1% for CHIKV, and 2% for ZIKV. These data confirm a clear threat to blood transfusion safety. The elevated seroprevalence for these three arboviruses is also indicative of their wide circulation in populations, correlating with an increased risk of infected but asymptomatic donors. Health centres and institutions must address this threat, especially in tropical regions where the biggest outbreaks occur.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cristina Arbona
- Valencian Community Blood Transfusion Centre, Valencian Community, Spain
| | | | - Miriam Collado
- Valencian Community Blood Transfusion Centre, Valencian Community, Spain
| | - Pedro L Fernández
- Valencian Community Blood Transfusion Centre, Valencian Community, Spain
| | - Francisco Quiles
- Valencian Community Blood Transfusion Centre, Valencian Community, Spain
| | - Carlos Clavijo
- Valencian Community Blood Transfusion Centre, Valencian Community, Spain
| | - Pascual Marco
- Service of Haematology, General University Hospital of Alicante-ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain
- Clinical Medicine Department, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
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Liu LT, Chen CH, Lin PC, Tsai CY, Hsu MC, Huang BY, Tsai YY, Tsai JJ. Evaluation of a new NS1 rapid diagnostic test using a single acute-phase serum panel collected during the largest dengue outbreak in Taiwan history in 2015. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2021; 38:385-389. [PMID: 34931760 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection results mostly from the bites of virus-carrying Aedes mosquitoes, which results in dengue fever (DF) with or without warning signs, severe dengue, or asymptomatic infections in humans. For point-of care identification of DENV-infected patients, a rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) has been developed to achieve early diagnosis and timely clinical management. We evaluated the performance of a new commercially available dengue NS1 RDT AsiaGen Dengue NS1 Antigen Rapid Diagnosis Test using real-time qRT-PCR as a reference method and compared the results with SD BIOLINE Dengue NS1 Ag using a single acute-phase serum panel collected during the largest dengue outbreak in the history of Taiwan in 2015. The results suggested that the sensitivity and specificity of AsiaGen Dengue NS1 Antigen RDT (96.9% and 100%) were similar to those of SD BIOLINE Dengue NS1 RDT (100% and 100%) for detection in the acute phase of DENV-2 infection. The results suggested that the sensitivity of both RDTs was similar (95.4% ~ 100%) for the sera collected at less than or equal to three days postsymptom onset (PSO). Our results suggested that the two DENV NS1 RDTs used in this study were promising for the timely diagnosis of DENV infection during dengue outbreaks, at least for DENV-2 in areas where authorized medical laboratories are not available or medical resources are limited. However, the performance of AsiaGen DENV NS1 RDTs in the detection of primary/secondary infections and infection by serotypes of DENV other than DENV-2 requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Teh Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Technology, Chung-Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hong Chen
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.,National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chang Lin
- Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Tsai
- Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Miao-Chen Hsu
- Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Yi Huang
- Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Yi Tsai
- Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Jin Tsai
- Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Mori A, Pomari E, Deiana M, Perandin F, Caldrer S, Formenti F, Mistretta M, Orza P, Ragusa A, Piubelli C. Molecular techniques for the genomic viral RNA detection of West Nile, Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya arboviruses: a narrative review. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:591-612. [PMID: 33910444 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1924059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Molecular technology has played an important role in arboviruses diagnostics. PCR-based methods stand out in terms of sensitivity, specificity, cost, robustness, and accessibility, and especially the isothermal amplification (IA) method is ideal for field-adaptable diagnostics in resource-limited settings (RLS).Areas covered: In this review, we provide an overview of the various molecular methods for West Nile, Zika, Dengue and Chikungunya. We summarize literature works reporting the assessment and use of in house and commercial assays. We describe limitations and challenges in the usage of methods and opportunities for novel approaches such as NNext-GenerationSequencing (NGS).Expert opinion: The rapidity and accuracy of differential diagnosis is essential for a successful clinical management, particularly in co-circulation area of arboviruses. Several commercial diagnostic molecular assays are available, but many are not affordable by RLS and not usable as Point-of-care/Point-of-need (POC/PON) such as RReal-TimeRT-PCR, Array-based methods and NGS. In contrast, the IA-based system fits better for POC/PON but it is still not ideal for the multiplexing detection system. Improvement in the characterization and validation of current molecular assays is needed to optimize their translation to the point of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Mori
- Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Verona, Italy.,Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Pomari
- Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Michela Deiana
- Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Francesca Perandin
- Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Sara Caldrer
- Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Fabio Formenti
- Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Manuela Mistretta
- Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Pierantonio Orza
- Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Ragusa
- Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Chiara Piubelli
- Department of Infectious-Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Verona, Italy
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Diagnosing the novel SARS-CoV-2 by quantitative RT-PCR: variations and opportunities. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:1727-1736. [PMID: 33067676 PMCID: PMC7567654 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01992-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The world is currently facing a novel viral pandemic (SARS-CoV-2), and large-scale testing is central to decision-making for the design of effective policies and control strategies to minimize its impact on the global population. However, testing for the presence of the virus is a major bottleneck in tracking the spreading of the disease. Given its adaptability regarding the nucleotide sequence of target regions, RT-qPCR is a strong ally to reveal the rapid geographical spreading of novel viruses. We assessed PCR variations in the SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis taking into account public genome sequences and diagnosis kits used by different countries. We analyzed 226 SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences from samples collected by March 22, 2020. Our work utilizes a phylogenetic approach that reveals the early evolution of the virus sequence as it spreads around the globe and informs the design of RT-qPCR primers and probes. The quick expansion of testing capabilities of a country during a pandemic is largely impaired by the availability of adequately trained personnel on RNA isolation and PCR analysis, as well as the availability of hardware (thermocyclers). We propose that rapid capacity development can circumvent these bottlenecks by training medical and non-medical personnel with some laboratory experience, such as biology-related graduate students. Furthermore, the use of thermocyclers available in academic and commercial labs can be promptly calibrated and certified to properly conduct testing during a pandemic. A decentralized, fast-acting training and testing certification pipeline will better prepare us to manage future pandemics.
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Liu LT, Chen CH, Tsai CY, Lin PC, Hsu MC, Huang BY, Wang YH, Tsai JJ. Evaluation of rapid diagnostic tests to detect dengue virus infections in Taiwan. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239710. [PMID: 32991592 PMCID: PMC7524001 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis is important for the clinical management of diseases caused by dengue virus (DENV) infections. We investigated the performance of three commercially available DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) using 173 acute-phase sera collected from dengue fever-suspected patients during the 2012-2013 DENV outbreak in Taiwan. The results of the NS1 RDTs were compared with those of qRT-PCR to calculate the sensitivity and specificity of the NS1 RDTs. The anti-DENV IgM and IgG RDT results were included to increase the probability of detecting acute DENV infection. The anti-DENV IgM/IgG RDT results were also compared with those of IgM/IgG captured ELISA. The sera from DENV qRT-PCR-positive patients were subjected to NS1 RDTs, as well as IgM/IgG captured ELISA. These results suggested that there was no significant difference in the sensitivities of the three commercially available DNEV NS1 RDTs; the SD NS1 RDT results showed the highest agreement with the qRT-PCR reference results, followed in order by the Bio-Rad and CTK NS1 RDT results when the specificity was considered. Inclusion of the IgM or IgG RDT results increased the likelihood of diagnosing either a primary or secondary DENV infection. NS1 RDTs were more sensitive for the detection of primary infections than secondary infections, related to DENV viremia levels determined by qRT-PCR. These results suggested that anti-DENV antibodies reduced the sensitivity of NS1 rapid tests. We also analyzed the sensitivity for the detection of different DENV serotypes, and the results suggested that the NS1 RDTs used in this study were valuable for rapid screening of acute DENV infection with DENV-1, DENV-2 and DENV-3. Our results suggest that the NS1 RDT is a good alternative to qRT-PCR analysis for timely dengue disease management and prevention in dengue-endemic regions where medical resources are lacking or during large dengue outbreaks. However, the relatively low sensitivity for DENV-4 might miss the detection of DENV-4-infected cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Teh Liu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Technology, Chung-Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hong Chen
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Tsai
- Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chang Lin
- Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Miao-Chen Hsu
- Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Yi Huang
- Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hui Wang
- Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Jin Tsai
- Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Raafat N, Blacksell SD, Maude RJ. A review of dengue diagnostics and implications for surveillance and control. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2020; 113:653-660. [PMID: 31365115 PMCID: PMC6836713 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trz068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is the world’s most common arboviral infection, with almost 4 billion people estimated to be living at risk of dengue infection. A recently introduced vaccine is currently recommended only for seropositive individuals in a restricted age range determined by transmission intensity. With no effective dengue vaccine for the general population or any antiviral therapy, dengue control continues to rely heavily on vector control measures. Early and accurate diagnosis is important for guiding appropriate management and for disease surveillance to guide prompt dengue control interventions. However, major uncertainties exist in dengue diagnosis and this has important implications for all three. Dengue can be diagnosed clinically against predefined lists of signs and symptoms and by detection of dengue-specific antibodies, non-structural 1 antigen or viral RNA by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction. All of these methods have their limitations. This review aims to describe and quantify the advantages, uncertainties and variability of the various diagnostic methods used for dengue and discuss their implications and applications for dengue surveillance and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Raafat
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Rajthevee, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Stuart D Blacksell
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Rajthevee, Bangkok, Thailand.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard J Maude
- Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, 420/6 Rajvithi Road, Rajthevee, Bangkok, Thailand.,Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
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10
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Chua KH, Tan EW, Chai HC, Puthucheary SD, Lee PC, Puah SM. Rapid identification of melioidosis agent by an insulated isothermal PCR on a field-deployable device. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9238. [PMID: 32518734 PMCID: PMC7261116 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Burkholderia pseudomallei causes melioidosis, a serious illness that can be fatal if untreated or misdiagnosed. Culture from clinical specimens remains the gold standard but has low diagnostic sensitivity. Method In this study, we developed a rapid, sensitive and specific insulated isothermal Polymerase Chain Reaction (iiPCR) targeting bimA gene (Burkholderia Intracellular Motility A; BPSS1492) for the identification of B. pseudomallei. A pair of novel primers: BimA(F) and BimA(R) together with a probe were designed and 121 clinical B. pseudomallei strains obtained from numerous clinical sources and 10 ATCC non-targeted strains were tested with iiPCR and qPCR in parallel. Results All 121 B. pseudomallei isolates were positive for qPCR while 118 isolates were positive for iiPCR, demonstrating satisfactory agreement (97.71%; 95% CI [93.45–99.53%]; k = 0.87). Sensitivity of the bimA iiPCR/POCKIT assay was 97.52% with the lower detection limit of 14 ng/µL of B. pseudomallei DNA. The developed iiPCR assay did not cross-react with 10 types of non-targeted strains, indicating good specificity. Conclusion This bimA iiPCR/POCKIT assay will undoubtedly complement other methodologies used in the clinical laboratory for the rapid identification of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kek Heng Chua
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - E Wei Tan
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hwa Chia Chai
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S D Puthucheary
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ping Chin Lee
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Suat Moi Puah
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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11
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Stittleburg V, Rojas A, Cardozo F, Muñoz FM, Asturias EJ, Olson D, Paniaga-Avila A, Abeynayake J, Anderson EJ, Waggoner JJ. Dengue Virus and Yellow Fever Virus Detection Using Reverse Transcription-Insulated Isothermal PCR and Comparison with Real-Time RT-PCR. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:157-159. [PMID: 32458782 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (rRT-PCR) is the most accurate method for the detection of dengue virus (DENV) and yellow fever virus (YFV) in acute illness. However, performing rRT-PCR is not feasible for many laboratories in regions of endemicity. The current study compared new reverse transcription-insulated isothermal PCRs (the POCKIT DENV and YFV reagent sets) with laboratory-developed rRT-PCRs for both viruses using clinical samples and viral strains from different endemic regions. Sensitivity and specificity of the POCKIT DENV Reagent Set were 87.2% (68/78 samples) and 98.2% of samples (54/55), respectively. The YFV reagent set demonstrated sensitive detection of YFV RNA from six viral strains down to an estimated concentration of 2.5 log10 copies/mL and proved to be specific for YFV. Although the POCKIT assays require RNA extraction, they may provide accurate and less-complex options for molecular testing in laboratory settings where rRT-PCR is not practical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Stittleburg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Alejandra Rojas
- Departamento de Producción, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Fátima Cardozo
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Asunción, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - Flor M Muñoz
- Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Edwin J Asturias
- Fundación para la Salud Integral de los Guatemaltecos, FUNSALUD, Quetzaltenango, Guatemala.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Daniel Olson
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado at Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | | | - Evan J Anderson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jesse J Waggoner
- Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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12
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Mehta N, Perrais B, Martin K, Kumar A, Hobman TC, Cabalfin-Chua MN, Donaldo ME, Siose Painaga MS, Gaite JY, Tran V, Kain KC, Hawkes MT, Yanow SK. A Direct from Blood/Plasma Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction for Dengue Virus Detection in Point-of-Care Settings. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 100:1534-1540. [PMID: 30994095 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with dengue virus (DENV) is widespread across tropical regions and can result in severe disease. Early diagnosis is important both for patient management and to differentiate infections that present with similar symptoms, such as malaria, chikungunya, and Zika. Rapid diagnostic tests that are used presently for point-of-care detection of DENV antigens lack the sensitivity of molecular diagnostics that detect viral RNA. However, no molecular diagnostic test for DENV is available for use in field settings. In this study, we developed and validated a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the detection of DENV adapted for use in field settings. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed directly from plasma samples without RNA extraction. The assay detected all four serotypes of DENV spiked into blood or plasma. Our RT-PCR does not cross-react with pathogens that cause symptoms that overlap with dengue infection. The test performed equally well in a conventional laboratory qPCR instrument and a small, low-cost portable instrument that can be used in a field setting. The lower limit of detection for the assay was 1 × 104 genome copy equivalents/mL in blood. Finally, we validated our test using 126 archived patient samples. The sensitivity of our RT-PCR was 76.7% (95% CI: 65.8-87.9%) on the conventional instrument, and 78.3% (95% CI: 65.8-87.9%) on the field instrument, when compared with the RealStar Dengue RT-PCR Kit 2.0. The molecular test described here is user-friendly, low-cost, and can be used in regions with limited laboratory capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninad Mehta
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Bastien Perrais
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Kimberly Martin
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Tom C Hobman
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Mary Noreen Cabalfin-Chua
- Section of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chong Hua Hospital, Cebu, Philippines
| | | | | | | | - Vanessa Tran
- Tropical Disease Unit, The University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kevin C Kain
- Tropical Disease Unit, The University Health Network-Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael T Hawkes
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, Edmonton, Canada.,Stollery Science Lab, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Stephanie K Yanow
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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13
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Yin H, Lin Y, Lin C, Tsai W, Wen H. Rapid and sensitive detection ofStaphylococcus aureusin processed foods using a field‐deployed device to perform an insulated isothermal polymerase chain reaction‐based assay. J Food Saf 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin‐Yi Yin
- Department of Food Science and BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu‐Yi Lin
- Department of Food Science and BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan, ROC
| | | | - Wen‐Che Tsai
- Department of Food Science and BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiao‐Wei Wen
- Department of Food Science and BiotechnologyNational Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan, ROC
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14
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Tsai JJ, Liu WL, Lin PC, Huang BY, Tsai CY, Lee PYA, Tsai YL, Chou PH, Chung S, Liu LT, Chen CH. A fully automated sample-to-answer PCR system for easy and sensitive detection of dengue virus in human serum and mosquitos. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218139. [PMID: 31291289 PMCID: PMC6619671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The insulated isothermal PCR (iiPCR) technology enables consistent PCR amplification and detection in a simple heating device. A pan-dengue virus (DENV) RT-iiPCR, targeting the 5' untranslated region, was validated previously on the semi-automated POCKIT combo system (involving separate devices for nucleic acid extraction and PCR amplification/detection) to offer performance comparable to a laboratory real-time PCR. Working on the same technologies, a compact automated sample-in-answer-out system (POCKIT Central Nucleic Acid Analyser) has been available commercially for iiPCR, minimizing human error risks and allowing easy molecular bio-detection near points of need. Here, we evaluated the analytical and clinical performance of the pan-DENV RT-iiPCR on the fully automated system by comparison to those on the semi-automated system. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Testing sera containing serial diluted DENV-1, -2, -3, or -4 cell culture stock, the pan-DENV RT-iiPCR system had similar 100% detection endpoints on the two systems; i.e. at 1, 10, 1 and 10 PFU/ml, respectively, on the fully automated system, and at 10, 1, 10 and 10 PFU/ml, respectively, on the semi-automated system. Furthermore, both fully automated and semi-automated PCR system can detect all four DENV serotypes in mosquitos. Clinical performance of the reagent on the two systems was evaluated by testing 60 human serum samples. Both systems detected the same 40 samples (ten DENV-1, -2, -3, and -4 positive each) and did not detect the other 20; 100% agreement (κ = 1) was found between the two systems. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE With performance comparable to a previously validated system, the fully-automated PCR system allows applications of the pan-DENV reagent as a useful tool near points of need to facilitate easy, fast and effective detection of dengue virus and help mitigate versatile public health challenges in the control and management of dengue disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jih-Jin Tsai
- Center for Dengue Fever Control and Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsing Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (JJT); (CHC)
| | - Wei-Liang Liu
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chang Lin
- Center for Dengue Fever Control and Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Yi Huang
- Center for Dengue Fever Control and Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Tsai
- Center for Dengue Fever Control and Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | - Li-Teh Liu
- Center for Dengue Fever Control and Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Technology, Chung-Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hong Chen
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (JJT); (CHC)
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15
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Eivazzadeh-Keihan R, Pashazadeh-Panahi P, Mahmoudi T, Chenab KK, Baradaran B, Hashemzaei M, Radinekiyan F, Mokhtarzadeh A, Maleki A. Dengue virus: a review on advances in detection and trends - from conventional methods to novel biosensors. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:329. [PMID: 31055654 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3420-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus is an important arbovirus infection which transmitted by the Aedes female mosquitoes. The attempt to control and early detection of this infection is a global public health issue at present. Because of the clinical importance of its detection, the main focus of this review is on all of the methods that can offer the new diagnosis strategies. The advantages and disadvantages of reported methods have been discussed comprehensively from different aspects like biomarkers type, sensitivity, accuracy, rate of detection, possibility of commercialization, availability, limit of detection, linear range, simplicity, mechanism of detection, and ability of usage for clinical applications. The optical, electrochemical, microfluidic, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and smartphone-based biosensors are the main approaches which developed for detection of different biomarkers and serotypes of Dengue virus. Future efforts in miniaturization of these methods open the horizons for development of commercial biosensors for early-diagnosis of Dengue virus infection. Graphical abstract Transmission of Dengue virus by the biting of an Aedes aegypti mosquito, the symptoms of Dengue hemorrhagic fever and the structure of Dengue virus and application of biosensors for its detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Eivazzadeh-Keihan
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Paria Pashazadeh-Panahi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Gorgan Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Golestan Province, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tohid Mahmoudi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Karim Khanmohammadi Chenab
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hashemzaei
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Fateme Radinekiyan
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Biotechnology, Higher Education Institute of Rab-Rashid, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Ali Maleki
- Catalysts and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran.
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16
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Tsai JJ, Liu WL, Lin PC, Huang BY, Tsai CY, Chou PH, Lee FC, Ping CF, Lee PYA, Liu LT, Chen CH. An RT-PCR panel for rapid serotyping of dengue virus serotypes 1 to 4 in human serum and mosquito on a field-deployable PCR system. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214328. [PMID: 30908535 PMCID: PMC6433249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue fever, a mosquito-borne disease, is caused by dengue virus (DENV) which includes four major serotypes (DENV-1, -2, -3, and -4). Some serotypes cause more severe diseases than the other; severe dengue is associated with secondary infections by a different serotype. Timely serotyping can provide early warning of dengue epidemics to improve management of patients and outbreaks. A mobile insulated isothermal PCR (iiPCR) system is available to allow molecular detection of pathogens near points of need. Methodology/Principle findings In this study, side-by-side comparison with the CDC DENV-1-4 Real Time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to evaluate the performance of four singleplex DENV-1–4 serotyping reverse transcription-iiPCR (RT-iiPCR) reagents for DENV subtyping on the mobile PCR system. The four RT-iiPCRs did not react with Zika virus and chikungunya virus; tests with serial dilutions of the four DENV serotypes made in human serum showed they had detection endpoints comparable to those of the reference method, indicating great analytical sensitivity and specificity. Clinical performance of the RT-iiPCR reagents was evaluated by testing 40 serum samples each (around 20 target serotype-positive and 20 DENV-negative); all four reagents had high agreement (97.5–100%) with the reference qRT-PCR. Moreover, testing of mosquitoes separately infected experimentally with each serotype showed that the four reagents detected specifically their target DENV serotypes in mosquito. Conclusions/Significance With analytical and clinical performance comparable to the reference qRT-PCR assay, the four index RT-iiPCR reagents on the field-deployable PCR system can serve as a useful tool for DENV detection near points of needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jih-Jin Tsai
- Center for Dengue Fever Control and Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (JJT); (CHC)
| | - Wei-Liang Liu
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chang Lin
- Center for Dengue Fever Control and Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Yi Huang
- Center for Dengue Fever Control and Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Tsai
- Center for Dengue Fever Control and Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | - Li-Teh Liu
- Center for Dengue Fever Control and Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Technology, Chung-Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hong Chen
- National Mosquito-Borne Diseases Control Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (JJT); (CHC)
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17
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Tsai JJ, Lin PC, Tsai CY, Wang YH, Liu LT. Low frequency of asymptomatic dengue virus-infected donors in blood donor centers during the largest dengue outbreak in Taiwan. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205248. [PMID: 30296301 PMCID: PMC6175512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the prevalence of asymptomatic dengue virus-infected blood donors during the largest dengue outbreak in Taiwan history occurred in 2015, we examined the evidence of dengue virus (DENV) infection by the detection of DENV RNA genome using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (real-time RT-PCR), DENV NS1 antigen using rapid diagnosis test (RDT) and anti-dengue antibody using IgM/IgG capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (capture ELISA) and RDT in eight thousand serum samples from blood donations to the blood centers of the Taiwan Blood Services Foundation (TBSF) in Kaohsiung City and Tainan City during the largest dengue outbreak in Taiwan history occurred in 2015. Only one serum sample was positive for DENV RNA detection by using dengue-specific real-time RT-PCR, the virus was DENV-2 determined by serotype-specific real-time RT-PCR and sequencing, and the DENVs in the serum were confirmed as being infectious by a plaque assay. The recipient of this blood did not develop any dengue fever symptom on follow-up. None of the samples was NS1 RDT-reactive. Seventeen IgM-positive samples were identified. There was a low prevalence of asymptomatic confirmed or probable DENV-infected blood donors in our study (0.013% and 0.21%, respectively), and no symptomatic transfusion-transmitted dengue (TT dengue) was developed during the largest dengue outbreak in Taiwan history in highly endemic areas and periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jih-Jin Tsai
- Center for Dengue Fever Control and Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chang Lin
- Center for Dengue Fever Control and Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Tsai
- Center for Dengue Fever Control and Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hui Wang
- Center for Dengue Fever Control and Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Tropical Medicine Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Li-Teh Liu
- Center for Dengue Fever Control and Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Technology, Chung-Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan City, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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18
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Abstract
The four serotypes of dengue virus (DENV) cause one of the most important and rapidly emerging mosquito-borne viral diseases in humans. Of the currently available diagnostic tests for dengue, the reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assay is the most sensitive and specific, and so it is commonly used as the gold standard. However, the requirement of a sophisticated and expensive thermal cycler makes it very difficult to use as a point-of-care diagnostic test in resource-limited regions where dengue is endemic. Tsai et al. (J Clin Microbiol 56:e01865-17, 2018, https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01865-17) report the analytical and clinical performances of a reverse transcription-insulated isothermal PCR (RT-iiPCR) assay with a portable nucleic acid analyzer for rapid detection of the four DENV serotypes; its reproducibility and complete agreement on clinical samples with the multiplex RT-PCR assay developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggest that the dengue RT-iiPCR is a potential point-of-care test. Compared with other DENV RNA detection methods, the unique isothermal PCR design of RT-iiPCR, together with further improvements, would represent a promising new type of field-deployable diagnostic test for dengue.
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