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Camacho-Gomez SM, Monagas J, Noel RA, Castagnini L. Brain Abscess due to Streptococcus intermedius after Spontaneous Esophageal Perforation in an Adolescent. Case Rep Pediatr 2024; 2024:5593403. [PMID: 38756504 PMCID: PMC11098600 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5593403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus intermedius is an inhabitant of the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract, known to cause deep-seated abscesses. Thereby, we present a previously healthy adolescent with esophageal perforation (EP) and secondary mediastinal and brain abscesses due to Streptococcus intermedius. EP is a potentially life-threatening condition that requires a prompt diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Mabel Camacho-Gomez
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas at Austin, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Dell Children's Medical Center, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Javier Monagas
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Robert Adam Noel
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Luis Castagnini
- Vaccine Clinical Research, Merck Research Laboratories, North Wales, Pennsylvania, USA
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2
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Giuliano S, Angelini J, Flammini S, Della Siega P, Vania E, Montanari L, D'Elia D, Biasizzo J, Pagotto A, Tascini C. A case report of treatment of a streptococcal brain abscess with ceftobiprole supported by the measurement of drug levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27285. [PMID: 38515704 PMCID: PMC10955256 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we describe the case of a patient admitted to our hospital because of a brain abscess due to Streptococcus intermedius. The management of brain abscess is challenging given the limited potential drug options with effective penetration into both the central nervous system and the abscess capsule to achieve adequate therapeutic concentrations. Due to the high anti-streptococcal activity of ceftobiprole and the availability of ceftobiprole therapeutic drug monitoring in our hospital, we decided to treat the patient with ceftobiprole. To maximize the antimicrobial effect of ceftobiprole, we chose a prolonged intravenous infusion, and we monitored its concentrations in both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Giuliano
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Friuli Centrale ASUFC, Udine, Italy
| | - Jacopo Angelini
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Institute, University Hospital Friuli Centrale ASUFC, 33100, Udine, Italy
- Department of Medicine (DIME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Sarah Flammini
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Friuli Centrale ASUFC, Udine, Italy
| | - Paola Della Siega
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Friuli Centrale ASUFC, Udine, Italy
| | - Eleonora Vania
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Friuli Centrale ASUFC, Udine, Italy
| | - Luca Montanari
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Friuli Centrale ASUFC, Udine, Italy
| | - Denise D'Elia
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Friuli Centrale ASUFC, Udine, Italy
| | - Jessica Biasizzo
- Clinical Pathology Division, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Friuli Centrale ASUFC, Udine, Italy
| | - Alberto Pagotto
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Friuli Centrale ASUFC, Udine, Italy
| | - Carlo Tascini
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Friuli Centrale ASUFC, Udine, Italy
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3
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Brunink EM, Hoogervorst LA, Steentjes K, Broekhuis D, de Boer MGJ. Osteomyelitis caused by Streptococcus intermedius in immunocompetent adults - a case report and systematic literature review. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 42:1055-1061. [PMID: 37468663 PMCID: PMC10427518 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-023-04640-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Hematogenous osteomyelitis caused by Streptococcus intermedius is rare, particularly in immunocompetent adults. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the clinical presentation, prognosis as well as treatment of this disease, with the focus on immunocompetent adults. Six medical literature libraries were searched to identify studies reporting on Streptococcus intermedius induced hematogenous osteomyelitis in immunocompetent adults. In addition, we presented a case of a 44-year-old man from our institution that is illustrative for this disease. Four case reports describing four patients were identified by this systematic literature review. Hence, the data of five patients (including our case) were assessed. The most common presenting symptom was localised pain, followed by fever. Portal entries were found in two patients (general periodontitis and necrotic dentition). The localisations of osteomyelitis were diverse: femoral (two patients), lumbar spine (two patients), and the iliac bone (one patient). Treatment strategies varied strongly, but antibiotics (penicillins) were administered in each case, and two patients underwent surgical debridement. Follow-up ranged from 2 weeks to more than 6 months; one patient died from septic shock. Only a very limited number of immunocompetent adults with Streptococcus intermedius induced hematogenous osteomyelitis have been described. Based on the available data, we summarised the clinical presentation, prognosis as well as treatment of hematogenous osteomyelitis caused by Streptococcus intermedius in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyne M Brunink
- Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Lotje A Hoogervorst
- Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333ZA, the Netherlands.
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences & Medical Decision Making, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, Leiden, 2333ZA, the Netherlands.
| | - Koen Steentjes
- Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Demien Broekhuis
- Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333ZA, the Netherlands
| | - Mark G J de Boer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333ZA, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333ZA, the Netherlands
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4
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Kuryłek A, Stasiak M, Kern-Zdanowicz I. Virulence factors of Streptococcus anginosus - a molecular perspective. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1025136. [PMID: 36386673 PMCID: PMC9643698 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1025136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus anginosus together with S. constellatus and S. intermedius constitute the Streptococcus anginosus group (SAG), until recently considered to be benign commensals of the human mucosa isolated predominantly from oral cavity, but also from upper respiratory, intestinal, and urogenital tracts. For years the virulence potential of SAG was underestimated, mainly due to complications in correct species identification and their assignment to the physiological microbiota. Still, SAG representatives have been associated with purulent infections at oral and non-oral sites resulting in abscesses formation and empyema. Also, life threatening blood infections caused by SAG have been reported. However, the understanding of SAG as potential pathogen is only fragmentary, albeit certain aspects of SAG infection seem sufficiently well described to deserve a systematic overview. In this review we summarize the current state of knowledge of the S. anginosus pathogenicity factors and their mechanisms of action.
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5
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Zhang J, Wang J, Gan J, Luo R, Chen X. The first case of Streptococcus intermedius brain abscess with hemophagocytic histiocytosis. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:627. [PMID: 35850669 PMCID: PMC9290246 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07600-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare but potentially life-threatening immune syndrome associated with an excessive systemic inflammatory response. Viral infection caused HLH is the most common secondary HLH, but there are relatively few reports of HLH caused by bacterial infection. The present study is the first case of HLH caused by Streptococcus intermedia meningitis. Case presentation The patient is an 11-year-old and 9-month-old boy. The main symptoms are fever, headache, and vomiting. The imaging finding of the brain is cerebritis and brain abscess. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) routine test showed increased nucleated cells, but the smear and culture of CSF were negative. The metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of CSF detected Streptococcus intermedius, and the body temperature of the children returned to normal after antibiotic treatment according to etiology. One week later, the child developed fever again, with Kawasaki disease-like manifestations. After high-dose immunoglobulin therapy, the body temperature returned to normal again. The routine blood test showed a progressive decrease in leukocytes and platelets, and bone marrow biopsy detected histiocytes phagocytosed blood cells. Then infection-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (IAHS) was diagnosed, high-dose methylprednisolone and sequential therapy were given and the patient’s recovery was encouraging. Conclusions Our case shows that HLH can also be secondary to Streptococcus intermediate infection, and early bone marrow biopsy is the golden standard for HLH diagnosis. mNGS can improve the detection sensitivity for pathogens when traditional pathogenic tests are negative. Conventional chemotherapy regimens may not be required for IAHS when high-dose glucocorticoids and immunoglobulin therapy are effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 20, Section Three, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development and Maternal and Child Diseases of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 20, Section Three, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development and Maternal and Child Diseases of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Gan
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 20, Section Three, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development and Maternal and Child Diseases of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Rong Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 20, Section Three, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development and Maternal and Child Diseases of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaolu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 20, Section Three, South Renmin Road, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Key Laboratory of Obstetrics & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of the Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China. .,Key Laboratory of Development and Maternal and Child Diseases of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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6
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Kurkowski SC, Thimmesch MJ, Jha P, Abdelgadir YH. Streptococcus intermedius Bacteremia and Pyogenic Liver Abscess in a Patient With No Risk Factors. Cureus 2022; 14:e26786. [PMID: 35967134 PMCID: PMC9366031 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This case report depicts a 39-year-old male with no significant past medical history who was admitted for fever of unknown origin and sepsis. He was then found to have Streptococcus intermedius bacteremia and pyogenic liver abscess. The treatment course was complicated by pleural empyema leading to readmission. The case presented here adds to the medical literature, where a clear underrepresentation has been noted, and outlines a unique case of S. intermedius liver abscess complicated by pleural empyema in a patient without significant medical history, risk factors, or typical physical exam findings.
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7
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Pilarczyk-Zurek M, Sitkiewicz I, Koziel J. The Clinical View on Streptococcus anginosus Group – Opportunistic Pathogens Coming Out of Hiding. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:956677. [PMID: 35898914 PMCID: PMC9309248 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.956677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Three distinct streptococcal species: Streptococcus anginosus, Streptococcus intermedius, and Streptococcus constellatus, belonging to the Streptococcus anginosus group (SAG), also known as Streptococcus milleri group, have been attracting clinicians and microbiologists, not only as oral commensals but also as opportunistic pathogens. For years they have been simply classified as so called viridans streptococci, and distinct species were not associated with particular clinical manifestations. Therefore, description of SAG members are clearly underrepresented in the literature, compared to other medically relevant streptococci. However, the increasing number of reports of life-threatening infections caused by SAG indicates their emerging pathogenicity. The improved clinical data generated with the application of modern molecular diagnostic techniques allow for precise identification of individual species belonging to SAG. This review summarizes clinical reports on SAG infections and systematizes data on the occurrence of individual species at the site of infection. We also discuss the issue of proper microbiological diagnostics, which is crucial for further clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Pilarczyk-Zurek
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Izabela Sitkiewicz
- Center for Translational Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warszawa, Poland
| | - Joanna Koziel
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- *Correspondence: Joanna Koziel,
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8
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Kwack KH, Lee JH, Moon JH. Whole genome and RNA sequencing of oral commensal bacterium Streptococcus anginosus subsp. anginosus with vancomycin tolerance. J Microbiol 2022; 60:167-176. [PMID: 34997538 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-022-1425-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
"Antibiotic tolerance" promotes the rapid subsequent evolution of "antibiotic resistance," however, it is often overlooked because it is difficult to distinguish between tolerant and susceptible organisms. A commensal bacterium S. anginosus subsp. anginosus strain KHUD_S1, isolated from dental biofilm was found to exhibit a high MBC/MIC ratio of 32 against vancomycin. We observed KHUD_S1 cells exposed to vancomycin did not grow but maintained viability. Transmission electron microscope showed KHUD_S1 cells possessed a dense, thick capsule and maintained the cell wall integrity upon vancomycin exposure. To infer the underlying mechanisms of the vancomycin tolerance in KHUD_S1, we performed whole genome sequencing and RNA sequencing. The KHUD_S1 genome carried three genes encoding branching enzymes that can affect peptidoglycan structure through interpeptide bridge formation. Global gene expression profiling revealed that the vancomycin-induced downregulation of carbohydrate and inorganic ion transport/metabolism as well as translation is less prominent in KHUD_S1 than in the vancomycin susceptible strain KHUD_S3. Based on the transcriptional levels of genes related to peptidoglycan synthesis, KHUD_S1 was determined to have a 3D peptidoglycan architecture distinct from KHUD_S3. It was found that, under vancomycin exposure, the peptidoglycan was remodeled through changes in the interpeptide bridge and transpeptidation reactions. Collectively, these features of S. anginosus KHUD_S1, including a dense capsule and differential gene expression in peptidoglycan synthesis, may contribute to vancomycin tolerance. Our results showing the occurrence of vancomycin tolerance amongst oral commensal bacteria highlight the need for considering future strategies for screening of antibiotic tolerance as an effort to reduce antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Hwan Kwack
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
- Present address: Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine, Buffalo, New York, 14214, USA
| | - Jae-Hyung Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Hoi Moon
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Ripen AM, Chiow MY, Rama Rao PR, Mohamad SB. Revealing Chronic Granulomatous Disease in a Patient With Williams-Beuren Syndrome Using Whole Exome Sequencing. Front Immunol 2021; 12:778133. [PMID: 34804071 PMCID: PMC8599285 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.778133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Blended phenotypes exhibited by a patient may present a challenge to the establishment of diagnosis. In this study, we report a seven-year-old Murut girl with unusual features of Williams-Beuren syndrome (WBS), including recurrent infections and skin abscesses. Considering the possibility of a second genetic disorder, a mutation screening for genes associated with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) was conducted using whole exome sequencing (WES). Analysis of copy number variations (CNVs) from the exome data revealed a 1.53Mb heterozygous deletion on chromosome 7q11.23, corresponding to the known WBS. We also identified a biallelic loss of NCF1, which indicated autosomal recessive chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). Dihydrorhodamine (DHR) flow cytometric assay demonstrated abnormally low neutrophil oxidative burst activity. Coamplification of NCF1 and its pseudogenes identified a GT-deletion (ΔGT) at the start of exon 2 in NCF1 (NM_000265.7: c.75_76delGT: p.Tyr26Hisfs*26). Estimation of NCF1-to-NCF1 pseudogenes ratio using ΔGT and 20-bp gene scans affirmed nil copies of NCF1 in the patient. While the father had a normal ratio of 2:4, the mother had a ratio of 1:5, implicating the carrier of ΔGT-containing NCF1. Discovery of a 7q11.23 deletion involving one NCF1 allele and a ΔGT in the second NCF1 allele explained the coexistence of WBS and CGD in our patient. This study highlights the capability of WES to establish a molecular diagnosis for a case with blended phenotypes, enabling the provision of appropriate prophylactic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adiratna Mat Ripen
- Primary Immunodeficiency Unit, Allergy and Immunology Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mei Yee Chiow
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Prakash Rao Rama Rao
- Pediatrics Department, Keningau Hospital, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Sabah, Malaysia
| | - Saharuddin Bin Mohamad
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Centre of Research in Systems Biology, Structural Bioinformatics and Human Digital Imaging (CRYSTAL), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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10
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Almatrafi MA, Almuflihi A, Jarwann R, Alghraibi S, Ashgar E, Alsahaf N, Aburiziza AJ. Viridans Group Streptococcus Meningitis in an Immunocompetent Child: A Case Report. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2021; 22:e933089. [PMID: 34520449 PMCID: PMC8450424 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.933089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Female, 14-month-old
Final Diagnosis: Viridans group streptococcus meningitis
Symptoms: Fever • irritability • vomiting
Medication: —
Clinical Procedure: —
Specialty: Infectious Diseases
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Almatrafi
- Department of Pediatrics, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pediatrics, Security Forces Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rawan Jarwann
- Department of Pediatrics, Security Forces Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shroq Alghraibi
- Department of Pediatrics, Security Forces Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Enais Ashgar
- Medical College of Umm Al Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nouf Alsahaf
- Medical College of Umm Al Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah J Aburiziza
- Department of Pediatrics, Umm Al Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pediatrics, Security Forces Hospital, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Sinha D, Sun X, Khare M, Drancourt M, Raoult D, Fournier PE. Pangenome analysis and virulence profiling of Streptococcus intermedius. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:522. [PMID: 34238216 PMCID: PMC8266483 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07829-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Streptococcus intermedius, a member of the S. anginosus group, is a commensal bacterium present in the normal microbiota of human mucosal surfaces of the oral, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tracts. However, it has been associated with various infections such as liver and brain abscesses, bacteremia, osteo-articular infections, and endocarditis. Since 2005, high throughput genome sequencing methods enabled understanding the genetic landscape and diversity of bacteria as well as their pathogenic role. Here, in order to determine whether specific virulence genes could be related to specific clinical manifestations, we compared the genomes from 27 S. intermedius strains isolated from patients with various types of infections, including 13 that were sequenced in our institute and 14 available in GenBank. Results We estimated the theoretical pangenome size to be of 4,020 genes, including 1,355 core genes, 1,054 strain-specific genes and 1,611 accessory genes shared by 2 or more strains. The pangenome analysis demonstrated that the genomic diversity of S. intermedius represents an “open” pangenome model. We identified a core virulome of 70 genes and 78 unique virulence markers. The phylogenetic clusters based upon core-genome sequences and SNPs were independent from disease types and sample sources. However, using Principal Component analysis based on presence/ absence of virulence genes, we identified the sda histidine kinase, adhesion protein LAP and capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis protein cps4E as being associated to brain abscess or broncho-pulmonary infection. In contrast, liver and abdominal abscess were associated to presence of the fibronectin binding protein fbp54 and capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis protein cap8D and cpsB. Conclusions Based on the virulence gene content of 27 S. intermedius strains causing various diseases, we identified putative disease-specific genetic profiles discriminating those causing brain abscess or broncho-pulmonary infection from those causing liver and abdominal abscess. These results provide an insight into S. intermedius pathogenesis and highlights putative targets in a diagnostic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhiraj Sinha
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Xifeng Sun
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Mudra Khare
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Drancourt
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre-Edouard Fournier
- Aix-Marseille University, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, IHU Méditerranée Infection, 19-21 Bd Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France. .,IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France.
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12
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A Case of Streptococcus intermedius Abscess Within a Malignant Neck Mass and Review of the Literature. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0000000000001007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Al Majid F, Aldrees A, Barry M, Binkhamis K, Allam A, Almohaya A. Streptococcus anginosus group infections: Management and outcome at a tertiary care hospital. J Infect Public Health 2020; 13:1749-1754. [PMID: 32917555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on patients with invasive Streptococcus anginosus group (SAG) infections is limited, as it's been considered commensal bacteria in the human microbiota. We conducted an analysis of SAG infections to assist clinicians in understanding their burden and clinical outcomes. METHODS A retrospective study of medical records, identifying invasive SAG bacteria of sterile-site isolates that were managed from May 2015 to April 2017, at a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Demographic data, clinical presentation, site of infection, antibiotic use, and outcome were recorded and analyzed to identify factors associated with poor outcome and/or polymicrobial growth. RESULTS We identified 105 cases of SAG infections in adults, with 52% of the patients being male and the mean age of 52.4 years with comorbidities occurring in more than half of the cases such as diabetes (38%) and malignancy (15%). Overall mortality was 6%, and it was statistically associated with age older than 65 years, polymicrobial growth and a history of malignancy. The infection frequencies were skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI; 55%), intra-abdominal infections (24%), bacteremia (14%), genitourinary infections (8.5%), and pleuropulmonary infections (5%). Abscesses accounted for 68% of cases. Polymicrobial infection (46%) with Enterobacteriaceae and Gram-negative anaerobes coincided with SAG infection. Polymicrobial growth was significantly associated with abscess formation, intra-abdominal source of infections, and poor outcome. In addition, death in patients with SAG was statistically associated with patients older than 65 years of age and those with history of cancer or transplant. CONCLUSION SSTIs and intra-abdominal infections are the most common clinical presentations in our cohort. Bacteremia was uncommon; however, the prognosis is less favorable. Overall susceptibility to penicillin was 91%, therefore β-lactam antibiotics are the drug of choice and additional coverage for anaerobic and gram-negative bacteria should be considered for intra-abdominal collection and solid or organ abscesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Al Majid
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, King Saud University, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - A Aldrees
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, King Saud University, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - M Barry
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, King Saud University, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - K Binkhamis
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Pathology, King Saud University, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - A Allam
- Department of Internal Medicine & Critical Care, King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz University Hospital, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - A Almohaya
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, King Saud University, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Issa E, Salloum T, Tokajian S. From Normal Flora to Brain Abscesses: A Review of Streptococcus intermedius. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:826. [PMID: 32457718 PMCID: PMC7221147 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus intermedius is a β-hemolytic Gram-positive member of the Streptococcus anginosus group (SAG). Despite being a part of the normal microbiota, it is one of the most common pathogens associated with brain and liver abscesses and thoracic empyema, increasing as a result the morbidity and mortality rates in affected patients. Though there are numerous published case reports on S. intermedius infections, it is still understudied compared to other SAG members. Our knowledge of the genomic factors contributing to its dissemination to the brain and abscess development is also limited to few characterized genes. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on S. intermedius identification methods, virulence factors, and insight provided by the whole-genome and correlate patients’ metadata, symptoms, and disease outcome with S. intermedius infections in 101 recent case reports obtained from PubMed. This combined information highlights the gaps in our understanding of S. intermedius pathogenesis, suggesting future research directions to unveil the factors contributing to abscess development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elio Issa
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Tamara Salloum
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Sima Tokajian
- Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
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15
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Brain Abscess Associated with Polymicrobial Infection after Intraoral Laceration: A Pediatric Case Report. Case Rep Pediatr 2020; 2020:8304302. [PMID: 32231839 PMCID: PMC7085370 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8304302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain abscesses, infections within the brain parenchyma, can arise as complications of various conditions including infections, trauma, and surgery. However, brain abscesses due to polymicrobial organisms have rarely been reported in children. We herein report a case of a 9-year-old girl with unresolved congenital cyanotic heart disease (CCHD) presenting with right hemiplegia who was diagnosed with brain abscess caused by Streptococcus intermedius, Parvimonas micra, and Fusobacterium nucleatum after oropharyngeal injury. She was treated with intravenous antimicrobial therapy, drainage under craniotomy, and antiedema therapy with glycerol and goreisan, which led to the improvement of right hemiplegia to baseline; she was discharged following eight weeks of intravenous antimicrobial therapy. The clinical diagnosis of the brain abscess was difficult due to the nonspecific presentation, highlighting the importance of cranial imaging without haste in patients at increased risk for brain abscesses such as those with CCHD, presenting with fever in the absence of localizing symptoms or fever, accompanied with abnormal neurological findings.
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16
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Complications of Otitis Media and Sinusitis Caused by Streptococcus anginosus Group Organisms in Children. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2020; 39:108-113. [PMID: 31738321 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000002514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Streptococcus anginosus group (SAG, S. anginosus, S. intermedius and S. constellatus) are often associated with severe disease and abscess formation. In our institution, we observed an apparent increase in frequency of intraorbital and intracranial infections resulting from SAG at Texas Children's Hospital. We undertook a retrospective review to describe the frequency and clinical features of these infections. METHODS We reviewed the database of the microbiology laboratory at Texas Children's Hospital from 2011 to 2018 for SAG-positive cultures. Cases included were those associated with (1) either otitis media or sinusitis and (2) Pott's puffy tumor, orbital abscesses, mastoiditis, epidural abscesses, subdural empyema, brain parenchymal abscesses or dural enhancement by imaging. The number of overall diagnoses were determined using diagnostic codes and used to estimate the proportion of disease caused by SAG. RESULTS Ninety-five cases were identified meeting inclusion criteria. The median age of patients was 11.4 years, and 75.8% were previously healthy. S. intermedius was most commonly isolated (80%) followed by S. constellatus (12.6%) and S. anginosus (7.4%); 50.5% of cases were polymicrobial. Among polymicrobial cases, Staphylococcus aureus was most frequently isolated. All patients underwent surgical intervention. 8.4% of patients experienced persistent neurologic deficits. We observed a significant increase in disease incidence during the study period; in addition, the overall proportion of all intracranial infections caused by SAG increased. CONCLUSIONS Complications of otitis media and sinusitis caused by SAG are associated with substantial morbidity. These infections are becoming increasingly common at our center although the precise reason for this temporal trend is unclear.
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Dsouza R, Roopavathana B, Chase S, Nayak S. Streptococcus constellatus: a rare causative agent of pyogenic liver abscess. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/12/e229738. [PMID: 31857289 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-229738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A 26-year-old man who was previously well presented to the emergency in septic shock. He had a preceding history of fever, right upper abdominal pain and jaundice. On examination, there was tenderness over the right hypochondrium and epigastrium, without features of generalised peritonitis. His blood tests were suggestive of sepsis with deranged liver function tests. CT scan of the abdomen showed multiples abscesses in various segments of the liver and a thrombus in the inferior venacava, without any other intraabdominal focus of infection. The abscess was aspirated under sonographic guidance, and the cultures grew Streptococcus constellatus species of S. milleri group (SMG). He received crystalline penicillin, based on culture sensitivity and underwent drainage of the abscess. There was a clinical improvement and he was subsequently discharged in a stable condition. On 3 months follow-up, there was a complete resolution of the liver abscess and normalisation of the liver function tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Royson Dsouza
- Division of Surgery, Christian Medical College and Hospital Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Beulah Roopavathana
- Division of Surgery, Christian Medical College and Hospital Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suchita Chase
- Division of Surgery, Christian Medical College and Hospital Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sukriya Nayak
- Division of Surgery, Christian Medical College and Hospital Vellore, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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18
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Amino Sugars Modify Antagonistic Interactions between Commensal Oral Streptococci and Streptococcus mutans. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.00370-19. [PMID: 30877119 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00370-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
N-Acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and glucosamine (GlcN) enhance the competitiveness of the laboratory strain DL1 of Streptococcus gordonii against the caries pathogen Streptococcus mutans Here, we examine how amino sugars affect the interaction of five low-passage-number clinical isolates of abundant commensal streptococci with S. mutans by utilizing a dual-species biofilm model. Compared to that for glucose, growth on GlcN or GlcNAc significantly reduced the viability of S. mutans in cocultures with most commensals, shifting the proportions of species. Consistent with these results, production of H2O2 was increased in most commensals when growing on amino sugars, and inhibition of S. mutans by Streptococcus cristatus, Streptococcus oralis, or S. gordonii was enhanced by amino sugars on agar plates. All commensals except S. oralis had higher arginine deiminase activities when grown on GlcN and, in some cases, GlcNAc. In ex vivo biofilms formed using pooled cell-containing saliva (CCS), the proportions of S. mutans were drastically diminished when GlcNAc was the primary carbohydrate. Increased production of H2O2 could account in large part for the inhibitory effects of CCS biofilms. Surprisingly, amino sugars appeared to improve mutacin production by S. mutans on agar plates, suggesting that the commensals have mechanisms to actively subvert antagonism by S. mutans in cocultures. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that amino sugars can enhance the beneficial properties of low-passage-number commensal oral streptococci and highlight their potential for moderating the cariogenicity of oral biofilms.IMPORTANCE Dental caries is driven by dysbiosis of oral biofilms in which dominance by acid-producing and acid-tolerant bacteria results in loss of tooth mineral. Our previous work demonstrated the beneficial effects of amino sugars GlcNAc and GlcN in promoting the antagonistic properties of a health-associated oral bacterium, Streptococcus gordonii, in competition with the major caries pathogen Streptococcus mutans Here, we investigated 5 low-passage-number clinical isolates of the most common streptococcal species to establish how amino sugars may influence the ecology and virulence of oral biofilms. Using multiple in vitro models, including a human saliva-derived microcosm biofilm, experiments showed significant enhancement by at least one amino sugar in the ability of most of these bacteria to suppress the caries pathogen. Therefore, our findings demonstrated the mechanism of action by which amino sugars may affect human oral biofilms to promote health.
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Shemesh A, Yitzhak A, Ben Itzhak J, Azizi H, Solomonov M. Ludwig Angina after First Aid Treatment: Possible Etiologies and Prevention-Case Report. J Endod 2018; 45:79-82. [PMID: 30446404 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Ludwig angina is a life-threatening type of soft tissue cellulitis involving 3 compartments on the floor of the mouth including the submental, sublingual, and submandibular spaces bilaterally. Prevention, early recognition, and treatment of Ludwig angina are critical because this is a clinical diagnosis with unpredictable progression. This article describes a rare case of Ludwig angina that evolved from an odontogenic infection and the specific microbiology and clinical course and discusses possible etiologies and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avi Shemesh
- Department of Endodontics, Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
| | - Avraham Yitzhak
- Surgeon General's Headquarters, Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Joe Ben Itzhak
- Department of Endodontics, Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Hadas Azizi
- Department of Endodontics, Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Michael Solomonov
- Department of Endodontics, Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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20
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Tomoyasu T, Tsuruno K, Tanatsugu R, Miyazaki A, Kondo H, Tabata A, Whiley RA, Sonomoto K, Nagamune H. Recognizability of heterologous co-chaperones with Streptococcus intermedius DnaK and Escherichia coli DnaK. Microbiol Immunol 2018; 62:681-693. [PMID: 30239035 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus intermedius DnaK complements the temperature-sensitive phenotype of an Escherichia coli dnaK null mutant only when co-chaperones DnaJ and GrpE are co-expressed. Therefore, whether S. intermedius DnaK and E. coli DnaK can recognize heterologous co-chaperones in vitro was examined. Addition of heterologous GrpE to DnaK and DnaJ partially stimulated adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity, and almost completely stimulated luciferase refolding activity. Addition of heterologous DnaJ to GrpE and DnaK also stimulated ATPase activity; however, significant luciferase refolding activity was not observed. Moreover, E. coli DnaJ had a negative effect on the luciferase refolding activity of the S. intermedius DnaK chaperone system. In E. coli chaperone mutants, with the exception of E. coli DnaJ, stronger expression of the heterologous co-chaperones partially or almost completely complemented the temperature-sensitive-phenotype. These results indicate that all heterologous co-chaperones can at least partially recognize DnaK of a distantly related species. A region of the ATPase domain that is present in the DnaK of gram-negative bacteria is absent from the DnaK of gram-positive bacteria. This region is believed to be important for recognition of co-chaperones from gram-negative bacteria. However, insertion of this segment into S. intermedius DnaK failed to increase its ability to recognize E. coli co-chaperones, implying that this region is unnecessary or insufficient for the recognition of E. coli co-chaperones. Thus, our data suggest that a basic structural similarity is conserved among the components of the S. intermedius and E. coli DnaK chaperone systems, allowing weak associations between heterologous components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Tomoyasu
- Field of Biomolecular Functions and Technology, Department of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University Graduate School, Minami-josanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Keigo Tsuruno
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Tanatsugu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Minami-josanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Aya Miyazaki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kondo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Minami-josanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tabata
- Field of Biomolecular Functions and Technology, Department of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University Graduate School, Minami-josanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Robert A Whiley
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Bart's and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Kenji Sonomoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nagamune
- Field of Biomolecular Functions and Technology, Department of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University Graduate School, Minami-josanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
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21
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Walega DR, Korn M. Management of a Cancer Patient with an Intrathecal Drug Delivery System and an Acute Brain Abscess. J Palliat Med 2018; 21:727-729. [PMID: 29649397 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2017.0628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgical-site infection, spinal cord abscess, and catheter tip granuloma are known but rare complications of intrathecal drug delivery systems (IDDS). To date, there are no published cases of brain abscess in a patient with an IDDS. In this study, we report a case of a cancer patient with an IDDS for management of cancer pain who developed a brain abscess with profound mental status changes and clinical management challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Walega
- Department of Anesthesiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Marc Korn
- Department of Anesthesiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois
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22
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Tomoyasu T, Matoba M, Takao A, Tabata A, Whiley RA, Maeda N, Nagamune H. Rapid screening method for detecting highly pathogenic Streptococcus intermedius strains carrying a mutation in the lacR gene. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2018; 365:4705894. [PMID: 29228148 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnx258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus intermedius is a member of the normal human commensal flora and secretes a human-specific cytolysin intermedilysin (ILY) as a major virulence factor. Expression of ily is repressed by LacR and loss-of-function mutations of LacR are observed in many ILY high-producing strains isolated from deep-seated abscesses, suggesting that high ILY production is necessary for increased virulence. However, because ILY exhibits no β-hemolysis on animal blood agar plates, differentiating ILY high- and low-producing strains using conventional laboratory methods is not possible. Interestingly, S. intermedius also produces glycosidases, including MsgA and NanA, which exhibit N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase and neuraminidase activities, respectively. Moreover, MsgA expression, but not NanA, is negatively regulated by LacR. Here we measured the activities of MsgA, NanA and ILY in strains isolated from clinical specimens and dental plaque to determine the correlation between these glycosidase activities and ILY hemolytic activity. Hemolytic activity showed a strong positive correlation with MsgA and a weak negative correlation with NanA activities. Therefore, we calculated the ratio of MsgA and NanA activity (M/N ratio). This value showed a stronger positive correlation (r = 0.81) with ILY hemolytic activity and many strains with high M/N ratios (>2) were ILY-high producers with loss-of-function mutations in LacR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Tomoyasu
- Field of Biomolecular Functions and Technology, Department of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University Graduate School, Minami-josanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan.,Department of Resource Circulation Engineering, Center for Frontier Research of Engineering, Tokushima University Graduate School, Minami-josanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Minami-josanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Masaki Matoba
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Minami-josanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Ayuko Takao
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku 230-8501, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tabata
- Field of Biomolecular Functions and Technology, Department of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University Graduate School, Minami-josanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Minami-josanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Robert A Whiley
- Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Bart's and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Nobuko Maeda
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku 230-8501, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nagamune
- Field of Biomolecular Functions and Technology, Department of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University Graduate School, Minami-josanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Minami-josanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
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23
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Al Moussawi H, Krzyzak M, Awada Z, Chalhoub JM. Streptococcus Intermedius Brain and Diverticular Abscesses After Dental Manipulation: A Case Report. Cureus 2018; 10:e2061. [PMID: 29545984 PMCID: PMC5849355 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.2061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A brain abscess is defined as a focal intracerebral infection consisting of an encapsulated collection of pus, which can be a life-threatening complication of infections, trauma, or surgery. While immunocompromised patients can have a wide array of causative organisms, bacterial species represent the most common etiology in immunocompetent individuals. The incidence of brain abscesses ranges from 0.4 to 0.9 per 100,000, with a high predisposition among immunocompromised patients and in those with disruption of the blood-brain barrier. The most common causative organisms found were Streptococcus species, particularly S. viridians and S. pneumonia, Enterococcus, and Staphylococcus species, mainly S. aurieus and S. epidermidis. Microorganism can invade the brain through different mechanisms, either directly by contiguous spread and odontogenic infections, which usually cause a single brain abscess, or indirectly through hematogenous spread which can cause multiple brain abscesses. Both surgical and conservative dental procedures contribute to hematogenous spreading of oral microorganisms. Although most of those organisms are eliminated shortly after they gain access to the bloodstream, some can persist and contribute to the pathogenesis of abscesses in the appropriate environment. Odontogenic origins are rarely implicated in the formation of brain abscesses, and oral foci comprise approximately 5% of identified cases. We report a case of brain and diverticular abscesses due to S. intermidius occurring two months after dental extraction. This case highlights the fact that even usual dental workup can result in the development of bacteremia and disseminated abscesses including but not restricted to the brain. Consequently, in addition to identifying the possible source of bacteremia with an extensive history and physical exam, the diagnosis of Streptococcus milleri organisms should prompt the physicians to screen for sites of possible metastatic infection spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Al Moussawi
- Department of Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, Northwell Health
| | - Michael Krzyzak
- Department of Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, Northwell Health
| | - Zainab Awada
- Department of Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, Northwell Health
| | - Jean M Chalhoub
- Department of Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital, Northwell Health
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Sitkiewicz I. How to become a killer, or is it all accidental? Virulence strategies in oral streptococci. Mol Oral Microbiol 2017; 33:1-12. [PMID: 28727895 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Streptococci are a diverse group of Gram-positive microorganisms sharing common virulence traits and similar strategies to escape the oral niche and establish an infection in other parts of the host organism. Invasive infection with oral streptococci is "a perfect storm" that requires the concerted action of multiple biotic and abiotic factors. Our understanding of streptococcal pathogenicity and infectivity should probably be less mechanistic and driven not only by the identification of novel virulence factors. The observed diversity of the genus, including the range of virulence and pathogenicity mechanisms, is most likely the result of interspecies interactions, a massive horizontal gene transfer between streptococci within a shared oral niche, recombination events, selection of specialized clones, and modification of regulatory circuits. Selective pressure by the host and bacterial communities is a driving force for the selection of virulence traits and shaping the streptococcal genome. Global regulatory events driving niche adaptation and interactions with bacterial communities and the host steer research interests towards attempts to define the oral interactome on the transcriptional level and define signal cross-feeding and co-expression and co-regulation of virulence genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sitkiewicz
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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25
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Positive- and Negative-Control Pathways by Blood Components for Intermedilysin Production in Streptococcus intermedius. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.00379-17. [PMID: 28607101 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00379-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus intermedius is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen secreting a human-specific cytolysin called intermedilysin (ILY) as a major pathogenic factor. This bacterium can degrade glycans into monosaccharides using two glycosidases, multisubstrate glycosidase A (MsgA) and neuraminidase (NanA). Here, we detected a stronger hemolytic activity mediated by ILY when S. intermedius PC574 was cultured in fetal bovine serum (FBS) than when it was grown in the standard culture medium. FBS-cultured cells also showed higher MsgA and NanA activity, although overproduction of ILY in FBS was undetectable in mutants nanA-null and msgA-null. Addition of purified MsgA and NanA to the FBS resulted in a release of 2.8 mM galactose and 4.3 mM N-acetylneuraminic acid; these sugar concentrations were sufficient to upregulate the expression of ILY, MsgA, and NanA. Conversely, when strain PC574 was cultured in human plasma, no similar increase in hemolytic activity was observed. Moreover, addition of human plasma to the culture in FBS appeared to inhibit the stimulatory effect of FBS on ILY, MsgA, and NanA, although there were individual differences among the plasma samples. We confirmed that human plasma contains immunoglobulins that can neutralize ILY, MsgA, and NanA activities. In addition, human plasma had a neutralizing effect on cytotoxicity of S. intermedius toward HepG2 cells in FBS, and a higher concentration of human plasma was necessary to reduce the cytotoxicity of an ILY-high-producing strain than an ILY-low-producing strain. Overall, our data show that blood contains factors that stimulate and inhibit ILY expression and activity, which may affect pathogenicity of S. intermedius.
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Ramhmdani S, Bydon A. Streptococcus intermedius: an unusual cause of spinal epidural abscess. JOURNAL OF SPINE SURGERY 2017; 3:243-249. [PMID: 28744508 DOI: 10.21037/jss.2017.05.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) following dental procedures is a rarely reported entity. Here, we present a unique case of a 74-year-old immunocompetent man who developed severe lower back pain and bilateral lower extremity weakness 4 days following two root canal procedures. Lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed several pockets of epidural abscesses extending from L1 through L5. Blood cultures grew Streptococcus intermedius, an anaerobic commensal bacterium of the normal flora of the mouth and upper airways. The patient was treated with IV penicillin for 7 days but his symptoms continued to deteriorate. A repeat MRI showed extension of the epidural abscess to T10-T11 level. The patient was emergently transferred to our hospital where he underwent bilateral decompressive laminectomy of T10 through S1 and abscess evacuation. Pus culture was positive for Streptococcus intermedius, which confirmed the diagnosis and the treatment plan. He was discharged on intravenous (IV) penicillin for 6 weeks. His symptoms improved significantly postoperatively as he retained his baseline strength in his lower extremity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seba Ramhmdani
- The Spinal Column Biomechanics and Surgical Outcomes Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ali Bydon
- The Spinal Column Biomechanics and Surgical Outcomes Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Characterization of the Pathogenicity of Streptococcus intermedius TYG1620 Isolated from a Human Brain Abscess Based on the Complete Genome Sequence with Transcriptome Analysis and Transposon Mutagenesis in a Murine Subcutaneous Abscess Model. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.00886-16. [PMID: 27895128 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00886-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus intermedius is known to cause periodontitis and pyogenic infections in the brain and liver. Here we report the complete genome sequence of strain TYG1620 (genome size, 2,006,877 bp; GC content, 37.6%; 2,020 predicted open reading frames [ORFs]) isolated from a brain abscess in an infant. Comparative analysis of S. intermedius genome sequences suggested that TYG1620 carries a notable type VII secretion system (T7SS), two long repeat regions, and 19 ORFs for cell wall-anchored proteins (CWAPs). To elucidate the genes responsible for the pathogenicity of TYG1620, transcriptome analysis was performed in a murine subcutaneous abscess model. The results suggest that the levels of expression of small hypothetical proteins similar to phenol-soluble modulin β1 (PSMβ1), a staphylococcal virulence factor, significantly increased in the abscess model. In addition, an experiment in a murine subcutaneous abscess model with random transposon (Tn) mutant attenuation suggested that Tn mutants with mutations in 212 ORFs in the Tn mutant library were attenuated in the murine abscess model (629 ORFs were disrupted in total); the 212 ORFs are putatively essential for abscess formation. Transcriptome analysis identified 37 ORFs, including paralogs of the T7SS and a putative glucan-binding CWAP in long repeat regions, to be upregulated and attenuated in vivo This study provides a comprehensive characterization of S. intermedius pathogenicity based on the complete genome sequence and a murine subcutaneous abscess model with transcriptome and Tn mutagenesis, leading to the identification of pivotal targets for vaccines or antimicrobial agents for the control of S. intermedius infections.
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Rahman M, Nguyen SV, McCullor KA, King CJ, Jorgensen JH, McShan WM. Comparative Genome Analysis of the Daptomycin-Resistant Streptococcus anginosus Strain J4206 Associated with Breakthrough Bacteremia. Genome Biol Evol 2016; 8:3446-3459. [PMID: 27678123 PMCID: PMC5203781 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evw241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus anginosus is a member of the normal oral flora that can become a pathogen causing pyogenic infections in humans. The genome of daptomycin-resistant strain J4206, originally isolated from a patient suffering from breakthrough bacteremia and septic shock at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, was determined. The circular genome is 2,001,352 bp long with a GC content of 38.62% and contains multiple mobile genetic elements, including the phage-like chromosomal island SanCI that mediates a mutator phenotype, transposons, and integrative conjugative elements. Daptomycin resistance involves multiple alterations in the cell membrane and cell wall, and unique features were identified in J4206 that may contribute to resistance. A cluster of capsular polysaccharide (CPS) genes for choline metabolism and transport are present that may help neutralize cell surface charges, destabilizing daptomycin binding. Further, unique J4206 genes encoding sortases and LPXTG-target proteins that are involved in cell wall modification were present. The J4206 genome is phylogenetically closely related to the recently reported vancomycin-resistant SA1 strain; however, these genomes differ with SNPs in cardiolipin synthetase, histidine kinase yycG, teichoic acid modification genes, and other genes involved in cell surface modification. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the cell walls of both strains J4206 and SA1 were significantly thicker and more electron dense than daptomycin- and vancomycin-sensitive strain J4211. This comparative genomic study has identified unique genes as well as allelic variants in the J4206 genome that are involved in cell surface modification and thus might contribute to the acquisition of daptomycin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maliha Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Oklahoma College of PharmacyOklahoma, OK
| | - Scott V Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Oklahoma College of PharmacyOklahoma, OK.,Present address: U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE
| | - Kimberly A McCullor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Oklahoma College of PharmacyOklahoma, OK
| | - Catherine J King
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Oklahoma College of PharmacyOklahoma, OK
| | - James H Jorgensen
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX.,Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - W Michael McShan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Oklahoma College of PharmacyOklahoma, OK
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Akuzawa N, Hatori T, Kitahara Y, Kurabayashi M. Multiple liver abscesses and bacteremia caused by Streptococcus constellatus infection: a case report. Clin Case Rep 2016; 5:69-74. [PMID: 28096994 PMCID: PMC5224772 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Streptococcus milleri group (SMG) comprises commensal mucosal bacteria. Pyogenic liver abscesses due to hematogenous SMG infection are rare but can be observed even in healthy patients. In such cases, physicians should consider the existence of primary lesions that allow penetration of the SMG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Akuzawa
- Department of General Medicine National Hospital Organization Shibukawa Medical Center 383 Shiroi Shibukawa Gunma 377-0280 Japan
| | - Takashi Hatori
- Department of Internal Medicine Japan Community Health Care Organization Gunma Chuo Hospital 1-7-13 Koun-cho Maebashi Gunma 371-0025 Japan
| | - Yonosuke Kitahara
- Department of Internal Medicine Japan Community Health Care Organization Gunma Chuo Hospital 1-7-13 Koun-cho Maebashi Gunma 371-0025 Japan
| | - Masahiko Kurabayashi
- Department of Medicine and Biological Science Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine 3-39-22 Showa-machi Maebashi Gunma 371-8511 Japan
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Streptococcus intermedius Causing Necrotizing Pneumonia in an Immune Competent Female: A Case Report and Literature Review. Case Rep Pulmonol 2016; 2016:7452161. [PMID: 27891283 PMCID: PMC5116329 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7452161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case of a 52-year-old immunocompetent Caucasian female treated for necrotizing Streptococcus intermedius pneumonia and review available literature of similar cases. Our patient presented with respiratory failure and required hospitalization and treatment in the intensive care unit. Moreover, she required surgical drainage of right lung empyema as well as decortication and resection. The review of literature revealed three cases of S. intermedius pneumonia, one of which was a mortality. Comparison of the published cases showed a highly varied prehospital course and radiological presentations, with a symptomatic phase ranging from 10 days to five months. Radiological findings varied from an isolated pleural effusion to systemic disease with the presence of brain abscesses. Immunocompetence appears to correlate well with the overall prognosis. In addition, smoking appears to be an important risk factor for S. intermedius pneumonia. In 2 (50%) of cases, pleural fluid analysis identified S. intermedius. In contrast, no organism was found in our patient, necessitating the acquisition of lung tissue sample for the diagnosis. In conclusion, both medical and surgical management are necessary for effective treatment of S. intermedius pneumonia. The outcome of treatment is good in immunocompetent individuals.
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Hindi Z. Rare Purulent Cardiac Tamponade Caused by Streptococcus Constellatus in a Young Immunocompetent Patient: Case Report and Review of the Literature. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2016; 17:855-859. [PMID: 27847383 PMCID: PMC5113858 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.900904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Patient: Male, 19 Final Diagnosis: Cardiac tamponade Symptoms: Chest pain • shortness of breath Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Cardiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Hindi
- Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Hirai J, Sakanashi D, Haranaga S, Kinjo T, Hagihara M, Kato H, Suematsu H, Yamagishi Y, Fujita J, Mikamo H. Case-control study of pneumonia patients with Streptococcus anginosus group bacteria in their sputum. J Infect Chemother 2016; 22:794-799. [PMID: 27681235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE In recent years, Streptococcus anginosus group (SAG) bacteria are becoming increasingly recognized as important pneumonia-causing pathogens. Although several small studies have been reported, the features of SAG pneumonia remain unclear, because the identification of SAG from sputum cultures is not routinely performed in most microbiology laboratories. The aim of this study was to elucidate the clinical characteristics of SAG pneumonia. PATIENT AND METHODS This was a retrospective case-control study utilizing data obtained in our hospital between September 2009 and June 2016. We investigated 31 patients with SAG pneumonia (PWP), and also assessed the difference between the 31 PWP and 37 patients without pneumonia (PWOP) in whose sputum SAG was detected. RESULTS Seventy-one percent of the patients were men and the median age was 78 years in the PWP. Univariate analysis indicated that the PWP were significantly more often a bed-ridden (p < 0.01) with comorbid aspiration than were the PWOP (p < 0.05). Among the PWP, nursing and healthcare-associated pneumonia (NHCAP) was the more common type of pneumonia (54.8%). S. anginosus was detected significantly more frequently in sputum cultures of PWP than PWOP (p < 0.01), and multiple pathogens were detected more frequently in PWP (p < 0.01). Streptococcus constellatus was the most frequently detected pathogen in patients with a single bacterial infection. Empyema was observed only in patients with multiple bacteria. CONCLUSIONS SAG should be recognized as important causative pathogens of pneumonia, particularly among elderly patients with underlying disease associated with aspiration. NHCAP was the more common type of SAG pneumonia in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hirai
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan; Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakanashi
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan
| | - Shusaku Haranaga
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kinjo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Japan
| | - Mao Hagihara
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan
| | - Hideo Kato
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suematsu
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan
| | - Yuka Yamagishi
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan
| | - Jiro Fujita
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Japan
| | - Hiroshige Mikamo
- Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan; Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Japan.
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Abstract
Streptococcus intermedius is a viridans Streptococcus belonging to the Anginosus group. In the past 7 years, it has been associated with abscesses in 48 children, 40% of whom had complicated and/or life-threatening illness. It was the sole pathogen in 35 cases. Seventy-five percent of the infections occurred in winter and spring. None occurred in infants younger than 1 year.
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Suzuki H, Hase R, Otsuka Y, Hosokawa N. Bloodstream infections caused by Streptococcus anginosus group bacteria: A retrospective analysis of 78 cases at a Japanese tertiary hospital. J Infect Chemother 2016; 22:456-60. [PMID: 27142978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2016.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the characteristics of Streptococcus anginosus group (SAG) bacteremia in recent years, we conducted a retrospective cohort study and compared its findings with the data from previous studies. METHODS All patients with positive blood cultures from May 2005 to September 2014 in a tertiary care center with 925 beds were included. RESULTS There were 78 cases of SAG bacteremia (51 cases men; median age, 68 years) during the study period. The most common comorbidities were solid tumors in 32.1% of the patients. The most common infection source was hepatobiliary in one-third of all cases. Other infection sites included the following: intra-abdominal (12.8%), thoracic (10.3%), musculoskeletal (9%), urinary tract (7.7%), soft tissues (7.7%), and cervicofacial (6.4%). Susceptibility to penicillin, clindamycin and erythromycin were 100% (78/78), 95% (70/74) and 85% (39/46), respectively. Surgery along with systemic antibiotic treatment was administered in 53% of the cases. In-hospital mortality was 14.1%. CONCLUSION The clinical sources of the SAG bacteria were diverse, and hepatobiliary infection was the most common source of infection. In more than half of the patients, surgical treatment was performed. Susceptibility to penicillin was 100%, but susceptibility to erythromycin was lower than that reported in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Suzuki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kameda Medical Center, 929 Higashicho, Kamogawa, Chiba 2968602, Japan.
| | - Ryota Hase
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Narita Red Cross Hospital, 90-1, Iidacho, Narita, Chiba 2868523, Japan.
| | - Yoshihito Otsuka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kameda Medical Center, 929 Higashicho, Kamogawa, Chiba 2968602, Japan.
| | - Naoto Hosokawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kameda Medical Center, 929 Higashicho, Kamogawa, Chiba 2968602, Japan.
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Complete Genome Sequence of Streptococcus anginosus J4211, a Clinical Isolate. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2015; 3:3/6/e01440-15. [PMID: 26679576 PMCID: PMC4683221 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.01440-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus anginosus is an opportunistic human pathogen that causes abscesses of the brain, liver, and other organs. Here, we announce the complete genome sequence of a clinically isolated strain of S. anginosus J4211. The genome sequence contains two prophages and multiple mobile genetic elements.
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Noguchi S, Yatera K, Kawanami T, Yamasaki K, Naito K, Akata K, Shimabukuro I, Ishimoto H, Yoshii C, Mukae H. The clinical features of respiratory infections caused by the Streptococcus anginosus group. BMC Pulm Med 2015; 15:133. [PMID: 26502716 PMCID: PMC4624190 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-015-0128-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Streptococcus anginosus group (SAG) play important roles in respiratory infections. It is ordinarily difficult to distinguish them from contaminations as the causative pathogens of respiratory infections because they are often cultured in respiratory specimens. Therefore, it is important to understand the clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of respiratory infections caused by the SAG members. The aim of this study is to clarify the role of the SAG bacteria in respiratory infections. METHODS A total of 30 patients who were diagnosed with respiratory infections which were caused by the SAG bacteria between January 2005 and February 2015 were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS Respiratory infections caused by the SAG were mostly seen in male patients with comorbid diseases and were typically complicated with pleural effusion. Pleural effusion was observed in 22 (73.3%) patients. Empyema was observed in half of the 22 patients with pleural effusion. S. intermedius, S. constellatus and S. anginosus were detected in 16 (53.3 %), 11 (36.7 %) and 3 (10.0 %) patients, respectively. Six patients had mixed-infections. The duration from the onset of symptoms to the hospital visit was significantly longer in "lung abscess" patients than in "pneumonia" patients among the 24 patients with single infections, but not among the six patients with mixed-infection. The peripheral white blood cell counts of the "pneumonia" patients were higher than those of the "lung abscess" patients and S. intermedius was identified significantly more frequently in patients with pulmonary and pleural infections (pneumonia and lung abscess) than in patients with bacterial pleurisy only. In addition, the patients in whom S. intermedius was cultured were significantly older than those in whom S. constellatus was cultured. CONCLUSIONS Respiratory infections caused by the SAG bacteria tended to be observed more frequently in male patients with comorbid diseases and to more frequently involve purulent formation. In addition, S. intermedius was mainly identified in elderly patients with having pulmonary infection complicated with pleural effusion, and the aspiration of oral secretions may be a risk factor in the formation of empyema thoracis associated with pneumonia due to S. intermedius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Noguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wakamatsu Hospital of the University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-17-1, Hamamachi, Wakamatsuku, Kitakyushu city, 808-0024, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Yatera
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahatanishiku, Kitakyushu City, 807-8555, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Toshinori Kawanami
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahatanishiku, Kitakyushu City, 807-8555, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Kei Yamasaki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahatanishiku, Kitakyushu City, 807-8555, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Naito
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahatanishiku, Kitakyushu City, 807-8555, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Akata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahatanishiku, Kitakyushu City, 807-8555, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Ikuko Shimabukuro
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wakamatsu Hospital of the University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-17-1, Hamamachi, Wakamatsuku, Kitakyushu city, 808-0024, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Ishimoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahatanishiku, Kitakyushu City, 807-8555, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Chiharu Yoshii
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Wakamatsu Hospital of the University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-17-1, Hamamachi, Wakamatsuku, Kitakyushu city, 808-0024, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahatanishiku, Kitakyushu City, 807-8555, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Wenzler E, Chandrasekaran V, Salvador P, Anwar M, Pancholi P, McGwire BS. Clinical and microbiological outcomes in patients with Streptococcus anginosus group bacteraemia identified through use of a rapid microarray assay. J Med Microbiol 2015; 64:1369-1374. [PMID: 26408191 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited data exist evaluating outcomes in patients with serious Streptococcus anginosus group infections, particularly bacteraemia. A retrospective, single-centre cohort study was conducted to characterize potential risk factors along with clinical and microbiological outcomes in patients with S. anginosus group bacteraemia (SAGB). Adult inpatients with SAGB identified using the Verigene Gram-positive blood culture assay between March 2013 and April 2014 were included. Patients aged ≤ 18 or >89 years, those with SAGB identified at an outside facility and those who were incarcerated were excluded. Differences between groups were explored using a Wilcoxon rank-sum test, χ2 test, Student's t-test or Fisher's exact test as appropriate and a two-tailed P value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The 34 patients who met the inclusion criteria were 57 ± 14 (mean ± SD) years old and had a median Charlson co-morbidity index of 4 [interquartile range (IQR) 1-6] and 10 (29%) were immunosuppressed at baseline. Almost half (47%) had received antibiotics in the previous 90 days. Twelve (35%) patients had gastrointestinal malignancies and the commonest source of bacteraemia was the gastrointestinal tract (53%). The primary species responsible for SAGB was S. anginosus (68%), and overall susceptibility to penicillin was 91%. Patients were most often treated with a β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination (36%) for a duration of 8 (IQR 4-13) days. Length of stay (LOS) and infection-related LOS were 10 (IQR 5-17) and 9 (IQR 4-12) days, respectively. Twenty [59%] patients achieved a clinical cure, while 29 (85%) achieved a microbiological cure. Four (12%) patients died and one patient was readmitted within 30 days. In the largest cohort of patients with SAGB to date, gastrointestinal malignancies may have been an important risk factor for SAGB, while rapid identification via a microarray assay likely contributed to improved disease recognition and timely pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Wenzler
- Department of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Vidhya Chandrasekaran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Patricia Salvador
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Muhammad Anwar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Preeti Pancholi
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Bradford S McGwire
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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Comparing Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry and Phenotypic and Molecular Methods for Identification of Species within the Streptococcus anginosus Group. J Clin Microbiol 2015; 53:3580-8. [PMID: 26354817 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01892-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneity of members of the Streptococcus anginosus group (SAG) has traditionally hampered their correct identification. Recently, the group was subdivided into 6 taxa whose prevalence among human infections is poorly described. We evaluated the accuracy of the Rapid ID32 Strep test, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and a PCR multiplex method to identify 212 SAG isolates recovered from human infections to the species and subspecies level by using multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) as the gold standard. We also determined the antimicrobial susceptibilities of the isolates. Representatives of all SAG taxa were found among our collection. MALDI-TOF MS and the Rapid ID32 Strep test correctly identified 92% and 68% of the isolates to the species level, respectively, but showed poor performance at the subspecies level, and the latter was responsible for major identification errors. The multiplex PCR method results were in complete agreement with the MLSA identifications but failed to distinguish the subspecies Streptococcus constellatus subsp. pharyngis and S. constellatus subsp. viborgensis. A total of 145 MLSA sequence types were present in our collection, indicating that within each taxon a number of different lineages are capable of causing infection. Significant antibiotic resistance was observed only to tetracycline, erythromycin, and clindamycin and was present in most taxa. MALDI-TOF MS is a reliable method for routine SAG species identification, while the need for identification to the subspecies level is not clearly established.
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Ko IC, Yoon KH, Park KS, Cheong JK, Bae JH, Lee KW, Chin YJ. An unusual abscess formation in the masticator space after acupressure massage: a case report. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015; 41:52-6. [PMID: 25741470 PMCID: PMC4347032 DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2015.41.1.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical features of masticator-space abscess (MSA) are very similar to those of parotitis or temporomandibular disorder (TMD), making early differential diagnosis difficult. Local causes of MSA include nerve block anesthesia, infection after tooth extraction, and trauma to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ); the systemic cause is immunodeficiency. Odontogenic causes account for most etiologies, but there are also unusual causes of MSA. A 66-year-old male patient visited the emergency room (ER) presenting with left-side TMJ pain three days after receiving an acupressure massage. He was tentatively diagnosed with conventional post-trauma TMD and discharged with medication. However, the patient returned to the ER with increased pain. At this time, his TMD diagnosis was confirmed. He made a third visit to the ER during which facial computed tomographic (CT) images were taken. CT readings identified an abscess or hematoma in the left masticator space. After hospitalizing the patient, needle aspiration confirmed pus in the infratemporal and temporal fossa. Antibiotics were administered, and the abscess was drained through an incision made by the attending physician. The patient's symptoms decreased, and he was discharged.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Chan Ko
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu-Ho Yoon
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwan-Soo Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Kwon Cheong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Bae
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwon-Woo Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Jai Chin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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41
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Abstract
Streptococcus anginosus has long been recognized to cause invasive pyogenic infections. This holds true for thoracic infections where S. anginosus has a propensity for abscess and empyema formation. Early diagnosis is important given the significant morbidity and mortality associated with thoracic S. anginosus infections. Yet, distinguishing thoracic S. anginosus clinically is difficult. We present three cases of thoracic S. anginosus that demonstrated radiographic extension across tissue planes, including the interlobar fissure, diaphragm, and chest wall. Few infectious etiologies are known to cross tissue planes. Accordingly, we propose S. anginosus be considered among the differential diagnosis of potential infectious etiologies causing radiographic extension across tissue planes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernie Y Sunwoo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care Medicine, Division of Sleep Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Wallace T Miller
- Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
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42
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Kaiser JC, Verschoor CP, Surette MG, Bowdish DME. Host cytokine responses distinguish invasive from airway isolates of the Streptococcus milleri/anginosis group. BMC Infect Dis 2014; 14:498. [PMID: 25209732 PMCID: PMC4175566 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-14-498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Streptococcus Milleri/Anginosus Group (SMG) colonize mucosal surfaces, especially the airways, and are considered to be normal mucosal microbiota; however, they are a major cause of abscesses, pneumonia and pleural empyema. The production of exoenzymes and virulence factors do not correlate with SMG pathogenicity. Since SMG infections are associated with robust inflammatory responses, we hypothesized that host immune responses might distinguish strains associated with asymptomatic carriage and those associated with fulminant disease. Methods We measured IL1β, TNF, IL10, IL12, IL23, IL17, and IL4 production from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with a panel of clinical isolates from the airways and infections and measured the ability of these isolates to stimulate TLR2. Results Isolates were categorized based on the levels of cytokines they induced from PBMCs (high, intermediate, low). Airway isolates predominantly induced low levels of cytokines and isolates from invasive disease induced higher levels, although about 10% of the strains produced divergent cytokine responses between donors. Interestingly, the donors were most divergent in their production of IL17, IL12 and IL23. Conclusions We propose that the ability to inhibit or avoid an inflammatory response is associated with carriage in the airways and variability in responses between isolates and donors might contribute to susceptibility to disease. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2334-14-498) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dawn M E Bowdish
- Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4 K1, Canada.
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43
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Streptococcus intermedius Bacteremia and Liver Abscess following a Routine Dental Cleaning. Case Rep Infect Dis 2014; 2014:954046. [PMID: 25197585 PMCID: PMC4147201 DOI: 10.1155/2014/954046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus intermedius is a member of the Streptococcus anginosus group of bacteria. This group is part of the normal flora of the oropharynx, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal tracts; however, they have been known to cause a variety of purulent infections including meningitis, endocarditis, and abscesses, even in immunocompetent hosts. In particular, S. intermedius has been associated with the development of liver and brain abscesses. There have been several case reports of S. intermedius liver abscesses with active periodontal infection. To our knowledge, however, there has not been a case following a routine dental procedure. In fact, the development of liver abscesses secondary to dental procedures is very rare in general, and there are only a few case reports in the literature describing this in relation to any pathogen. We present a rare case of S. intermedius bacteremia and liver abscess following a dental cleaning. This case serves to further emphasize that even routine dental procedures can place a patient at risk of the development of bacteremia and liver abscesses. For this reason, the clinician must be sure to perform a detailed history and careful examination. Timely diagnosis of pyogenic liver abscesses is vital, as they are typically fatal if left untreated.
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Yu Lin
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Section 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Neihu 114, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fu-Chi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Section 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Neihu 114, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jiunn-Tay Lee
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Section 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Neihu 114, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chih-Wei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Section 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Neihu 114, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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45
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Cueno ME, Kamio N, Imai K, Ohya M, Tamura M, Ochiai K. Structural significance of the β1K396 residue found in the Porphyromonas gingivalis sialidase β-propeller domain: a computational study with implications for novel therapeutics against periodontal disease. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2014; 18:591-9. [PMID: 25000206 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2013.0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis sialidase activity is associated with virulence and initiated by sialic acid (SA) binding to the β-propeller domain (BPD). Sialidase BPD is structurally conserved in various bacterial species and the protein binding interfaces have the tendency to form salt bridges, whereas uncommitted charged residues may affect binding and protein structure. However, it is not clear whether the sialidase BPD of varying strains of the same bacterial species differ, particularly with regards to salt bridge formation. Here, we determined the P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 and W50 sialidase homology models and sialidase activities, while the putative salt bridge residues found in the sialidase BPDs were compared. We established that both ATCC 33277 and W50 have different sialidase homology models and activities, whereas, the BPD (β1-6) is structurally conserved with most salt bridge-forming residues following a common orientation. Moreover, β2D444-β6K338 distance measurement in ATCC 33277 (5.99 Å) and W50 (3.09 Å) differ, while β1K396A substitution alters the β2D444-β6K338 distance measurements in ATCC 33277 (3.09 Å) and W50 (3.01 Å) consequentially affecting each model. P. gingivalis plays a major role in periodontitis induction and its virulence is greatly influenced by the sialidase enzyme wherein the sialidase BPD is highly conserved. Our results suggest that alterations in the salt bridge formation within the BPD interface may affect the P. gingivalis sialidase structure. This would imply that disrupting the salt bridge formation within the P. gingivalis sialidase BPD could serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of P. gingivalis-related periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marni E Cueno
- Department of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry , Tokyo, Japan
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46
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Asam D, Spellerberg B. Molecular pathogenicity of Streptococcus anginosus. Mol Oral Microbiol 2014; 29:145-55. [PMID: 24848553 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus anginosus and the closely related species Streptococcus constellatus and Streptococcus intermedius, are primarily commensals of the mucosa. The true pathogenic potential of this group has been under-recognized for a long time because of difficulties in correct species identification as well as the commensal nature of these species. In recent years, streptococci of the S. anginosus group have been increasingly found as relevant microbial pathogens in abscesses and blood cultures and they play a pathogenic role in cystic fibrosis. Several international studies have shown a surprisingly high frequency of infections caused by the S. anginosus group. Recent studies and a genome-wide comparative analysis suggested the presence of multiple putative virulence factors that are well-known from other streptococcal species. However, very little is known about the molecular basis of pathogenicity in these bacteria. This review summarizes our current knowledge of pathogenicity factors and their regulation in S. anginosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Asam
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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47
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Identification and characterization of a novel secreted glycosidase with multiple glycosidase activities in Streptococcus intermedius. J Bacteriol 2014; 196:2817-26. [PMID: 24858187 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01727-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus intermedius is a known human pathogen and belongs to the anginosus group (S. anginosus, S. intermedius, and S. constellatus) of streptococci (AGS). We found a large open reading frame (6,708 bp) in the lac operon, and bioinformatic analysis suggested that this gene encodes a novel glycosidase that can exhibit β-d-galactosidase and N-acetyl-β-d-hexosaminidase activities. We, therefore, named this protein "multisubstrate glycosidase A" (MsgA). To test whether MsgA has these glycosidase activities, the msgA gene was disrupted in S. intermedius. The msgA-deficient mutant no longer showed cell- and supernatant-associated β-d-galactosidase, β-d-fucosidase, N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase, and N-acetyl-β-d-galactosaminidase activities, and all phenotypes were complemented in trans with a recombinant plasmid carrying msgA. Purified MsgA had all four of these glycosidase activities and exhibited the lowest Km with 4-methylumbelliferyl-linked N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminide and the highest kcat with 4-methylumbelliferyl-linked β-d-galactopyranoside. In addition, the purified LacZ domain of MsgA had β-d-galactosidase and β-d-fucosidase activities, and the GH20 domain exhibited both N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase and N-acetyl-β-d-galactosaminidase activities. The β-d-galactosidase and β-d-fucosidase activities of MsgA are thermolabile, and the optimal temperature of the reaction was 40°C, whereas almost all enzymatic activities disappeared at 49°C. The optimal temperatures for the N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase and N-acetyl-β-d-galactosaminidase activities were 58 and 55°C, respectively. The requirement of sialidase treatment to remove sialic acid residues of the glycan branch end for glycan degradation by MsgA on human α1-antitrypsin indicates that MsgA has exoglycosidase activities. MsgA and sialidase might have an important function in the production and utilization of monosaccharides from oligosaccharides, such as glycans for survival in a normal habitat and for pathogenicity of S. intermedius.
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48
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Sukeno A, Nagamune H, Whiley RA, Jafar SI, Aduse-Opoku J, Ohkura K, Maeda T, Hirota K, Miyake Y, Kourai H. Intermedilysin Is Essential for the Invasion of Hepatoma HepG2 Cells byStreptococcus intermedius. Microbiol Immunol 2013; 49:681-94. [PMID: 16034212 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2005.tb03647.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus intermedius causes endogenous infections leading to abscesses. This species produces intermedilysin (ILY), a human-specific cytolysin. Because of the significant correlation between higher ILY production levels by S. intermedius and deep-seated abscesses, we constructed ily knockout mutant UNS38 B3 and complementation strain UNS38 B3R1 in order to investigate the role of ILY in deep-seated infections. Strain UNS38 reduced the viability of human liver cell line HepG2 at infection but not of rat liver cell line BRL3A. Isogenic mutant strain UNS38 B3 was not cytotoxic in either cell line. Quantification of S. intermedius revealed that in infected HepG2 cells UNS38 but not UNS38 B3 increased intracellularly concomitantly with increasing cell damage. This difference between UNS38 and UNS38 B3 was not observed with UNS38 B3R1. Invasion and proliferation in BRL3A cells was not observed. Masking UNS38 or UNS38 B3R1 with ILY antibody drastically decreased adherence and invasion of HepG2. Moreover, coating strain UNS38 B3 with ILY partially restored adherence to HepG2 but without subsequent bacterial growth. At 1 day post-infection, many intact UNS38 were detected in the damaged phagosomes of HepG2 with bacterial proliferation observed in the cytoplasm of dead HepG2 after an additional 2 day incubation. These results indicate that surface-bound ILY on S. intermedius is an important factor for invasion of human cells by this bacterium and that secretion of ILY within host cells is essential for subsequent host cell death. These data strongly implicate ILY as an important factor in the pathogenesis of abscesses in vivo by this streptococcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Sukeno
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Tokushima, Japan
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49
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Choi EJ, Lee S, Jeong DW, Cho YH, Lee SJ, Lee JG, Kim YJ, Yi YH, Lim JY. Pyogenic liver abscess following acupuncture and moxibustion treatment. Korean J Fam Med 2013; 34:364-8. [PMID: 24106589 PMCID: PMC3791344 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.2013.34.5.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acupuncture treatment is generally regarded as a relatively safe procedure. However, most procedures have some complications and acupuncture treatment is no exception. Reported complications of acupuncture treatment were mostly mild or temporary symptoms, but certain severe adverse effects were also observed. We report here for the first time a case of liver abscess following acupuncture and moxibustion treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jung Choi
- Family Medicine Clinic and Research Institute of Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
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50
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Huyghe A, François P, Mombelli A, Tangomo M, Girard M, Baratti-Mayer D, Bolivar I, Pittet D, Schrenzel J. Microarray analysis of microbiota of gingival lesions in noma patients. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2453. [PMID: 24086784 PMCID: PMC3784469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Noma (cancrum oris) is a gangrenous disease of unknown etiology affecting the maxillo-facial region of young children in extremely limited resource countries. In an attempt to better understand the microbiological events occurring during this disease, we used phylogenetic and low-density microarrays targeting the 16S rRNA gene to characterize the gingival flora of acute noma and acute necrotizing gingivitis (ANG) lesions, and compared them to healthy control subjects of the same geographical and social background. Our observations raise doubts about Fusobacterium necrophorum, a previously suspected causative agent of noma, as this species was not associated with noma lesions. Various oral pathogens were more abundant in noma lesions, notably Atopobium spp., Prevotella intermedia, Peptostreptococcus spp., Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus anginosus. On the other hand, pathogens associated with periodontal diseases such as Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Capnocytophaga spp., Porphyromonas spp. and Fusobacteriales were more abundant in healthy controls. Importantly, the overall loss of bacterial diversity observed in noma samples as well as its homology to that of ANG microbiota supports the hypothesis that ANG might be the immediate step preceding noma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Huyghe
- Genomic Research Laboratory. Infectious Diseases Service, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- University of Geneva, Department of Plant Biology, Microbiology Unit, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrice François
- Genomic Research Laboratory. Infectious Diseases Service, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrea Mombelli
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Tangomo
- Genomic Research Laboratory. Infectious Diseases Service, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Myriam Girard
- Genomic Research Laboratory. Infectious Diseases Service, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Didier Pittet
- Infection Control Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Schrenzel
- Genomic Research Laboratory. Infectious Diseases Service, University of Geneva Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
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