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Saxena V, Arregui S, Zhang S, Canas J, Qin X, Hains DS, Schwaderer AL. Generation of Atp6v1g3-Cre mice for investigation of intercalated cells and the collecting duct. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F770-F778. [PMID: 37823193 PMCID: PMC10881235 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00137.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney intercalated cells (ICs) maintain acid-base homeostasis and recent studies have demonstrated that they function in the kidney's innate defense. To study kidney innate immune function, ICs have been enriched using vacuolar ATPase (V-ATPase) B1 subunit (Atp6v1b1)-Cre (B1-Cre) mice. Although Atp6v1b1 is considered kidney specific, it is expressed in multiple organ systems, both in mice and humans, raising the possibility of off-target effects when using the Cre-lox system. We have recently shown using single-cell RNA sequencing that the gene that codes for the V-ATPase G3 subunit (mouse gene: Atp6v1g3; human gene: ATP6V1G3; protein abbreviation: G3) mRNA is selectively enriched in human kidney ICs. In this study, we generated Atp6v1g3-Cre (G3-Cre) reporter mice using CRISPR/CAS technology and crossed them with Tdtomatoflox/flox mice. The resultant G3-Cre+Tdt+ progeny was evaluated for kidney specificity in multiple tissues and found to be highly specific to kidney cells with minimal or no expression in other organs evaluated compared with B1-Cre mice. Tdt+ cells were flow sorted and were enriched for IC marker genes on RT-PCR analysis. Next, we crossed these mice to ihCD59 mice to generate an IC depletion mouse model (G3-Cre+ihCD59+/+). ICs were depleted in these mice using intermedilysin, which resulted in lower blood pH, suggestive of a distal renal tubular acidosis phenotype. The G3-Cre mice were healthy, bred normally, and produce regular-sized litter. Thus, this new "IC reporter" mice can be a useful tool to study ICs.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study details the development, validation, and experimental use of a new mouse model to study the collecting duct and intercalated cells. Kidney intercalated cells are a cell type increasingly recognized to be important in several human diseases including kidney infections, acid-base disorders, and acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Saxena
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Samuel Arregui
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Shaobo Zhang
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Jorge Canas
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Xuebin Qin
- Division of Comparative Pathology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, United States
| | - David S Hains
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Andrew L Schwaderer
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
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2
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Johnstone BA, Joseph R, Christie MP, Morton CJ, McGuiness C, Walsh JC, Böcking T, Tweten RK, Parker MW. Cholesterol-dependent cytolysins: The outstanding questions. IUBMB Life 2022; 74:1169-1179. [PMID: 35836358 PMCID: PMC9712165 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs) are a major family of bacterial pore-forming proteins secreted as virulence factors by Gram-positive bacterial species. CDCs are produced as soluble, monomeric proteins that bind specifically to cholesterol-rich membranes, where they oligomerize into ring-shaped pores of more than 30 monomers. Understanding the details of the steps the toxin undergoes in converting from monomer to a membrane-spanning pore is a continuing challenge. In this review we summarize what we know about CDCs and highlight the remaining outstanding questions that require answers to obtain a complete picture of how these toxins kill cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronte A Johnstone
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Riya Joseph
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle P Christie
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Craig J Morton
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Conall McGuiness
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - James C Walsh
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Till Böcking
- EMBL Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rodney K Tweten
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Michael W Parker
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Cancer Research Foundation Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
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Shahi I, Llaneras CN, Perelman SS, Torres VJ, Ratner AJ. Genome-Wide CRISPR-Cas9 Screen Does Not Identify Host Factors Modulating Streptococcus agalactiae β-Hemolysin/Cytolysin-Induced Cell Death. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0218621. [PMID: 35196804 PMCID: PMC8865549 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02186-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) are commonly produced by pathogenic bacteria, and understanding them is key to the development of virulence-targeted therapies. Streptococcus agalactiae, or group B Streptococcus (GBS), produces several factors that enhance its pathogenicity, including the PFT β-hemolysin/cytolysin (βhc). Little is understood about the cellular factors involved in βhc pore formation. We conducted a whole-genome CRISPR-Cas9 forward genetic screen to identify host genes that might contribute to βhc pore formation and cell death. While the screen identified the established receptor, CD59, in control experiments using the toxin intermedilysin (ILY), no clear candidate genes were identified that were required for βhc-mediated lethality. Of the top targets from the screen, two genes involved in membrane remodeling and repair represented candidates that might modulate the kinetics of βhc-induced cell death. Upon attempted validation of the results using monoclonal cell lines with targeted disruption of these genes, no effect on βhc-mediated cell lysis was observed. The CRISPR-Cas9 screen results are consistent with the hypothesis that βhc does not require a single nonessential host factor to mediate target cell death. IMPORTANCE CRISPR-Cas9 forward genetic screens have been used to identify host cell targets required by bacterial toxins. They have been used successfully to both verify known targets and elucidate novel host factors required by toxins. Here, we show that this approach fails to identify host factors required for cell death due to βhc, a toxin required for GBS virulence. These data suggest that βhc may not require a host cell receptor for toxin function or may require a host receptor that is an essential gene and would not be identified using this screening strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifrah Shahi
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cristina N. Llaneras
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sofya S. Perelman
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Victor J. Torres
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adam J. Ratner
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens Program, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Tomoyasu T, Matoba M, Takao A, Tabata A, Whiley RA, Maeda N, Nagamune H. Rapid screening method for detecting highly pathogenic Streptococcus intermedius strains carrying a mutation in the lacR gene. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2018; 365:4705894. [PMID: 29228148 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnx258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus intermedius is a member of the normal human commensal flora and secretes a human-specific cytolysin intermedilysin (ILY) as a major virulence factor. Expression of ily is repressed by LacR and loss-of-function mutations of LacR are observed in many ILY high-producing strains isolated from deep-seated abscesses, suggesting that high ILY production is necessary for increased virulence. However, because ILY exhibits no β-hemolysis on animal blood agar plates, differentiating ILY high- and low-producing strains using conventional laboratory methods is not possible. Interestingly, S. intermedius also produces glycosidases, including MsgA and NanA, which exhibit N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase and neuraminidase activities, respectively. Moreover, MsgA expression, but not NanA, is negatively regulated by LacR. Here we measured the activities of MsgA, NanA and ILY in strains isolated from clinical specimens and dental plaque to determine the correlation between these glycosidase activities and ILY hemolytic activity. Hemolytic activity showed a strong positive correlation with MsgA and a weak negative correlation with NanA activities. Therefore, we calculated the ratio of MsgA and NanA activity (M/N ratio). This value showed a stronger positive correlation (r = 0.81) with ILY hemolytic activity and many strains with high M/N ratios (>2) were ILY-high producers with loss-of-function mutations in LacR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Tomoyasu
- Field of Biomolecular Functions and Technology, Department of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University Graduate School, Minami-josanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan.,Department of Resource Circulation Engineering, Center for Frontier Research of Engineering, Tokushima University Graduate School, Minami-josanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Minami-josanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Masaki Matoba
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Minami-josanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Ayuko Takao
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku 230-8501, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tabata
- Field of Biomolecular Functions and Technology, Department of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University Graduate School, Minami-josanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Minami-josanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Robert A Whiley
- Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Bart's and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Nobuko Maeda
- Department of Oral Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku 230-8501, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nagamune
- Field of Biomolecular Functions and Technology, Department of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University Graduate School, Minami-josanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Minami-josanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
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5
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Tomoyasu T, Yamasaki T, Chiba S, Kusaka S, Tabata A, Whiley RA, Nagamune H. Positive- and Negative-Control Pathways by Blood Components for Intermedilysin Production in Streptococcus intermedius. Infect Immun 2017; 85:e00379-17. [PMID: 28607101 DOI: 10.1128/IAI.00379-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus intermedius is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen secreting a human-specific cytolysin called intermedilysin (ILY) as a major pathogenic factor. This bacterium can degrade glycans into monosaccharides using two glycosidases, multisubstrate glycosidase A (MsgA) and neuraminidase (NanA). Here, we detected a stronger hemolytic activity mediated by ILY when S. intermedius PC574 was cultured in fetal bovine serum (FBS) than when it was grown in the standard culture medium. FBS-cultured cells also showed higher MsgA and NanA activity, although overproduction of ILY in FBS was undetectable in mutants nanA-null and msgA-null. Addition of purified MsgA and NanA to the FBS resulted in a release of 2.8 mM galactose and 4.3 mM N-acetylneuraminic acid; these sugar concentrations were sufficient to upregulate the expression of ILY, MsgA, and NanA. Conversely, when strain PC574 was cultured in human plasma, no similar increase in hemolytic activity was observed. Moreover, addition of human plasma to the culture in FBS appeared to inhibit the stimulatory effect of FBS on ILY, MsgA, and NanA, although there were individual differences among the plasma samples. We confirmed that human plasma contains immunoglobulins that can neutralize ILY, MsgA, and NanA activities. In addition, human plasma had a neutralizing effect on cytotoxicity of S. intermedius toward HepG2 cells in FBS, and a higher concentration of human plasma was necessary to reduce the cytotoxicity of an ILY-high-producing strain than an ILY-low-producing strain. Overall, our data show that blood contains factors that stimulate and inhibit ILY expression and activity, which may affect pathogenicity of S. intermedius.
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Abstract
The mechanism by which the cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs) assemble their giant β-barrel pore in cholesterol-rich membranes has been the subject of intense study in the past two decades. A combination of structural, biophysical, and biochemical analyses has revealed deep insights into the series of complex and highly choreographed secondary and tertiary structural transitions that the CDCs undergo to assemble their β-barrel pore in eukaryotic membranes. Our knowledge of the molecular details of these dramatic structural changes in CDCs has transformed our understanding of how giant pore complexes are assembled and has been critical to our understanding of the mechanisms of other important classes of pore-forming toxins and proteins across the kingdoms of life. Finally, there are tantalizing hints that the CDC pore-forming mechanism is more sophisticated than previously imagined and that some CDCs are employed in pore-independent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney K Tweten
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104;
| | - Eileen M Hotze
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104;
| | - Kristin R Wade
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104;
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7
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Feil SC, Ascher DB, Kuiper MJ, Tweten RK, Parker MW. Structural studies of Streptococcus pyogenes streptolysin O provide insights into the early steps of membrane penetration. J Mol Biol 2013; 426:785-92. [PMID: 24316049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs) are a large family of bacterial toxins that exhibit a dependence on the presence of membrane cholesterol in forming large pores in cell membranes. Significant changes in the three-dimensional structure of these toxins are necessary to convert the soluble monomeric protein into a membrane pore. We have determined the crystal structure of the archetypical member of the CDC family, streptolysin O (SLO), a virulence factor from Streptococcus pyogenes. The overall fold is similar to previously reported CDC structures, although the C-terminal domain is in a different orientation with respect to the rest of the molecule. Surprisingly, a signature stretch of CDC sequence called the undecapeptide motif, a key region involved in membrane recognition, adopts a very different structure in SLO to that of the well-characterized CDC perfringolysin O (PFO), although the sequences in this region are identical. An analysis reveals that, in PFO, there are complementary interactions between the motif and the rest of domain 4 that are lost in SLO. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the loss of a salt bridge in SLO and a cation-pi interaction are determining factors in the extended conformation of the motif, which in turn appears to result in a greater flexibility of the neighboring L1 loop that houses a cholesterol-sensing motif. These differences may explain the differing abilities of SLO and PFO to efficiently penetrate target cell membranes in the first step of toxin insertion into the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne C Feil
- ACRF Rational Drug Discovery Centre, Biota Structural Biology Laboratory, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - David B Ascher
- ACRF Rational Drug Discovery Centre, Biota Structural Biology Laboratory, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Michael J Kuiper
- Victorian Life Sciences Computation Initiative, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Rodney K Tweten
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma, Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Michael W Parker
- ACRF Rational Drug Discovery Centre, Biota Structural Biology Laboratory, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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Abstract
The cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs) are a large family of pore-forming toxins that are produced, secreted and contribute to the pathogenesis of many species of Gram-positive bacteria. The assembly of the CDC pore-forming complex has been under intense study for the past 20 years. These studies have revealed a molecular mechanism of pore formation that exhibits many novel features. The CDCs form large β-barrel pore complexes that are assembled from 35 to 40 soluble CDC monomers. Pore formation is dependent on the presence of membrane cholesterol, which functions as the receptor for most CDCs. Cholesterol binding initiates significant secondary and tertiary structural changes in the monomers, which lead to the assembly of a large membrane embedded β-barrel pore complex. This review will focus on the molecular mechanism of assembly of the CDC membrane pore complex and how these studies have led to insights into the mechanism of pore formation for other pore-forming proteins. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Protein Folding in Membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen M. Hotze
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Oklahoma Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
| | - Rodney K. Tweten
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Oklahoma Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
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Tomoyasu T, Tabata A, Imaki H, Tsuruno K, Miyazaki A, Sonomoto K, Whiley RA, Nagamune H. Role of Streptococcus intermedius DnaK chaperone system in stress tolerance and pathogenicity. Cell Stress Chaperones 2012; 17:41-55. [PMID: 21822788 PMCID: PMC3227844 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-011-0284-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Revised: 07/04/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus intermedius is a facultatively anaerobic, opportunistic pathogen that causes purulent infections and abscess formation. The DnaK chaperone system has been characterized in several pathogenic bacteria and seems to have important functions in stress resistance and pathogenicity. However, the role of DnaK in S. intermedius remains unclear. Therefore, we constructed a dnaK knockout mutant that exhibited slow growth, thermosensitivity, accumulation of GroEL in the cell, and reduced cytotoxicity to HepG2 cells. The level of secretion of a major pathogenic factor, intermedilysin, was not affected by dnaK mutation. We further examined the function and property of the S. intermedius DnaK chaperone system by using Escherichia coli ΔdnaK and ΔrpoH mutant strains. S. intermedius DnaK could not complement the thermosensitivity of E. coli ΔdnaK mutant. However, the intact S. intermedius DnaK chaperone system could complement the thermosensitivity and acid sensitivity of E. coli ΔdnaK mutant. The S. intermedius DnaK chaperone system could regulate the activity and stability of the heat shock transcription factor σ(32) in E. coli, although S. intermedius does not utilize σ(32) for heat shock transcription. The S. intermedius DnaK chaperone system was also able to efficiently eliminate the aggregated proteins from ΔrpoH mutant cells. Overall, our data showed that the S. intermedius DnaK chaperone system has important functions in quality control of cellular proteins but has less participation in the modulation of expression of pathogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Tomoyasu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 2 chome, Minami-josanjima, Tokushima, 770-8506 Japan
- Department of Resource Circulation Engineering, Center for Frontier Research of Engineering, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 2 chome, Minami-josanjima, Tokushima, 770-8506 Japan
| | - Atsushi Tabata
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 2 chome, Minami-josanjima, Tokushima, 770-8506 Japan
| | - Hidenori Imaki
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 2 chome, Minami-josanjima, Tokushima, 770-8506 Japan
| | - Keigo Tsuruno
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581 Japan
| | - Aya Miyazaki
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581 Japan
| | - Kenji Sonomoto
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8581 Japan
| | - Robert Alan Whiley
- Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Bart’s and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Turner Street, London, E1 2 AD UK
| | - Hideaki Nagamune
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima Graduate School, 2 chome, Minami-josanjima, Tokushima, 770-8506 Japan
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10
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Hu W, Ge X, You T, Xu T, Zhang J, Wu G, Peng Z, Chorev M, Aktas BH, Halperin JA, Brown JR, Qin X. Human CD59 inhibitor sensitizes rituximab-resistant lymphoma cells to complement-mediated cytolysis. Cancer Res 2011; 71:2298-307. [PMID: 21252115 PMCID: PMC3622284 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-3016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rituximab efficacy in cancer therapy depends in part on induction of complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). Human CD59 (hCD59) is a key complement regulatory protein that restricts the formation of the membrane attack complex, thereby inhibiting induction of CDC. hCD59 is highly expressed in B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), and upregulation of hCD59 is an important determinant of the sensitivity of NHL cells to rituximab treatment. Here, we report that the potent hCD59 inhibitor rILYd4 enhances CDC in vitro and in vivo, thereby sensitizing rituximab-resistant lymphoma cells and primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells (CLL) to rituximab treatment. By defining pharmcokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiles of rILYd4 in mice, we showed that by itself rILYd4 does not adversely mediate in vivo hemolysis of hCD59-expressing erythrocytes. Increasing expression levels of the complement regulators CD59 and CD55 in rituximab-resistant cells occur due to selection of preexisting clones rather than de novo induction of these proteins. Moreover, lymphoma cells overexpressing CD59 were directly responsible for the resistance to rituximab-mediated CDC therapy. Our results rationalize the use of rILYd4 as a therapeutic adjuvant for rituximab treatment of rituximab-resistant lymphoma and CLL. Furthermore, they suggest that preemptive elimination of CD59-overexpressing subpopulations along with rituximab treatment may be a useful approach to ablate or conquer rituximab resistance.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Bacteriocins/genetics
- Bacteriocins/pharmacology
- CD59 Antigens/genetics
- CD59 Antigens/immunology
- CD59 Antigens/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Complement System Proteins/immunology
- Complement System Proteins/metabolism
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/immunology
- Cytotoxins/genetics
- Cytotoxins/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/immunology
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Nude
- Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology
- Rituximab
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Hu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Laboratory for Translational Research, One Kendall Square, Building 600, 3 Floor, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xiaowen Ge
- Harvard Medical School, Laboratory for Translational Research, One Kendall Square, Building 600, 3 Floor, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tao You
- Harvard Medical School, Laboratory for Translational Research, One Kendall Square, Building 600, 3 Floor, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ting Xu
- Sino Recombi Pharma, 218 Xing Hu Street, Biobay, Bldg#A2, Suite 212, Suzhou Industrial park, Suzhou 215125, China
| | - Jinyan Zhang
- Harvard Medical School, Laboratory for Translational Research, One Kendall Square, Building 600, 3 Floor, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Gongxiong Wu
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Laboratory for Translational Research, One Kendall Square, Building 600, 3 Floor, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zhihai Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai First People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Michael Chorev
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Laboratory for Translational Research, One Kendall Square, Building 600, 3 Floor, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bertal H. Aktas
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Laboratory for Translational Research, One Kendall Square, Building 600, 3 Floor, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jose A. Halperin
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Laboratory for Translational Research, One Kendall Square, Building 600, 3 Floor, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jennifer R Brown
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street, Dana Building D1B30, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xuebin Qin
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Laboratory for Translational Research, One Kendall Square, Building 600, 3 Floor, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Farrand AJ, LaChapelle S, Hotze EM, Johnson AE, Tweten RK. Only two amino acids are essential for cytolytic toxin recognition of cholesterol at the membrane surface. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:4341-6. [PMID: 20145114 PMCID: PMC2840085 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0911581107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The recognition and binding of cholesterol is an important feature of many eukaryotic, viral, and prokaryotic proteins, but the molecular details of such interactions are understood only for a few proteins. The pore-forming cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs) contribute to the pathogenic mechanisms of a large number of Gram-positive bacteria. Cholesterol dependence of the CDC mechanism is a hallmark of these toxins, yet the identity of the CDC cholesterol recognition motif has remained elusive. A detailed analysis of membrane interactive structures at the tip of perfringolysin O (PFO) domain 4 reveals that a threonine-leucine pair mediates CDC recognition of and binding to membrane cholesterol. This motif is conserved in all known CDCs and conservative changes in its sequence or order are not well tolerated. Thus, the Thr-Leu pair constitutes a common structural basis for mediating CDC-cholesterol recognition and binding, and defines a unique paradigm for membrane cholesterol recognition by surface-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison J. Farrand
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Stephanie LaChapelle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Eileen M. Hotze
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
| | - Arthur E. Johnson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX 77843-1114; and
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Rodney K. Tweten
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104
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