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Klein Klouwenberg PMC, Altorf–van der Kuil W, van Griethuysen AJ, Hendriks M, Kuijper EJ, Notermans DW, Schoffelen AF. False aminoglycoside resistance in Enterobacterales and non-fermenters by an automated testing system: a descriptive study. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0309323. [PMID: 38194628 PMCID: PMC10790582 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03093-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial sensitivity data are important to guide antimicrobial therapy. In microbiological laboratories, routine sensitivity measurements are typically performed with automated testing systems such as VITEK2 and Phoenix. Using data from the Dutch national surveillance system for antimicrobial resistance over a 6-year period, we found that the measured minimum inhibitory concentrations for aminoglycosides in Enterobacterales and non-fermenters were too high for the Phoenix system. In addition, we observed a yearly increase in resistance for several species measured by Phoenix. These findings might have consequences for clinical treatment of patients with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - W. Altorf–van der Kuil
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | | | - M. Hendriks
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, the Netherlands
| | - E. J. Kuijper
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - D. W. Notermans
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - A. F. Schoffelen
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - on behalf of the ISIS-AR study groupCohen StuartJ.W.T.1MellesD.C.2van DijkK.3AlzubaidyA.4ScholingM.5KuilS.D.6BlaauwG.J.7Altorf–van der KuilW.8BiermanS.M.8de GreeffS.C.8GroenendijkS.R.8HertroysR.8MarchalN.8MonenJ.C.M.8PolmanJ.8van den ReekW.J.8Schneeberger–van der LindenC.8SchoffelenA.F.8WieldersC.C.H.8de WitB.J.8ZoetigheidR.E.8van den BijllaardtW.9KraanE.M.10HaesekerM.B.11da SilvaJ.M.12de JongE.13MarahaB.14van GriethuysenA.J.15WintermansB.B.16van TrijpM.J.C.A.17MullerA.E.18WongM.19OttA.20BathoornE.21LokateM.21SinnigeJ.22MellesD.C.23RendersN.H.24Dorigo–ZetsmaJ.W.25BakkerL.J.25WaarK.26van der BeekM.T.27Leversteijn–van HallM.A.28van MensS.P.29SchaftenaarE.30Nabuurs–FranssenM.H.31MaatI.32SturmP.D.J.33DiederenB.M.W.34BodeL.G.M.35OngD.S.Y.36van RijnM.37PontesilliO.37DinantS.38van DamD.W.39de BrauwerE.I.G.B.39BentvelsenR.G.4041BuitingA.G.M.42VlekA.L.M.43de GraafM.44TroelstraA.45JanszA.R.46van MeerM.P.A.47de VriesJ.48MachielsJ.49Department of Medical Microbiology, Noordwest Ziekenhuisgroep, Alkmaar, the NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Meander Medical Center, Amersfoort, the NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Atalmedial, Amsterdam, the NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology, OLVG Lab BV, Amsterdam, the NetherlandsPublic Health Service, Public Health Laboratory, Amsterdam, the NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Gelre Hospitals, Apeldoorn, the NetherlandsCentre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the NetherlandsMicrovida Amphia, Laboratory for Microbiology and Infection Control, Breda, the NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology, IJsselland Hospital, Capelle aan den IJssel, the NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Haeseker, Reinier de Graaf Group, Delft, the NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Deventer Hospital, Deventer, the NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Slingeland Hospital, Doetinchem, the NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, the NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Admiraal De Ruyter Hospital, Goes, the NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Groene Hart Hospital, Gouda, the NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Haaglanden MC, 's-Gravenhage, the NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Haga Hospital, 's-Gravenhage, the NetherlandsCerte, Medical Microbiology Groningen|Drenthe, Groningen, the NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center, Groningen, the NetherlandsRegional Public Health Laboratory Haarlem, Haarlem, the NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology, St Jansdal Hospital, Harderwijk, the NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch, the NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology, CBSL, Tergooi MC, Hilversum, the NetherlandsCerte, Medical Microbiology Friesland|NOP, Leeuwarden, the NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Eurofins Clinical Diagnostics, Leiden-Leiderdorp, the NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, the NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the NetherlandsLaurentius Hospital, Roermond, the NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Bravis Hospital, Roosendaal, the NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Franciscus Gasthuis and Vlietland, Rotterdam, the NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Ikazia Hospital, Rotterdam, the NetherlandsStar-SHL, Rotterdam, the NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Zuyderland Medical Centre, Sittard-Geleen, the NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Microvida ZorgSaam, Terneuzen, the NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Microvida ZorgSaam, Terneuzen, the NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology, St. Elisabeth Hospital, Tilburg, the NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht, the NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Saltro Diagnostic Centre, Utrecht, the NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Eurofins-PAMM, Veldhoven, the NetherlandsRijnstate Hospital, Laboratory for Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Velp, the NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Microbiology, VieCuri Medical Center, Venlo, the NetherlandsIsala Hospital, Laboratory of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Zwolle, the Netherlands
- Department of pharmacy, Fundashon Mariadal, Kralendijk, Bonaire, the Netherlands
- Centre for Infectious Disease Control (CIb), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Gelderse Vallei Hospital, Ede, the Netherlands
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OUP accepted manuscript. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:1938-1948. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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MexAB-OprM Efflux Pump Interaction with the Peptidoglycan of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105328. [PMID: 34070225 PMCID: PMC8158685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major families of membrane proteins found in prokaryote genome corresponds to the transporters. Among them, the resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) transporters are highly studied, as being responsible for one of the most problematic mechanisms used by bacteria to resist to antibiotics, i.e., the active efflux of drugs. In Gram-negative bacteria, these proteins are inserted in the inner membrane and form a tripartite assembly with an outer membrane factor and a periplasmic linker in order to cross the two membranes to expulse molecules outside of the cell. A lot of information has been collected to understand the functional mechanism of these pumps, especially with AcrAB-TolC from Escherichia coli, but one missing piece from all the suggested models is the role of peptidoglycan in the assembly. Here, by pull-down experiments with purified peptidoglycans, we precise the MexAB-OprM interaction with the peptidoglycan from Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, highlighting a role of the peptidoglycan in stabilizing the MexA-OprM complex and also differences between the two Gram-negative bacteria peptidoglycans.
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Activity of β-Lactam Antibiotics against Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales in Animal Infection Models: a Current State of Affairs. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:AAC.02271-20. [PMID: 33782001 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02271-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) result in resistance to nearly all β-lactam antimicrobial agents, as determined by currently employed susceptibility testing methods. However, recently reported data demonstrate that variable and supraphysiologic zinc concentrations in conventional susceptibility testing media compared with physiologic (bioactive) zinc concentrations may be mediating discordant in vitro-in vivo MBL resistance. While treatment outcomes in patients appear suggestive of this discordance, these limited data are confounded by comorbidities and combination therapy. To that end, the goal of this review is to evaluate the extent of β-lactam activity against MBL-harboring Enterobacterales in published animal infection model studies and provide contemporary considerations to facilitate the optimization of current antimicrobials and development of novel therapeutics.
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Variability in Zinc Concentration among Mueller-Hinton Broth Brands: Impact on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae. J Clin Microbiol 2020; 58:JCM.02019-20. [PMID: 32999009 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02019-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc concentrations in cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (caMHB) from different manufacturers have been found to differ. Here, we evaluated the impact of utilizing different brands and lots of commercially available caMHB on the classification of the antimicrobial susceptibility of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-harboring Enterobacteriaceae We also evaluated the addition of EDTA to caMHB as a means of achieving zinc-limited media. Fifteen clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates (harboring NDM [n = 7], VIM [n = 3], IMP [n = 2], or KPC [n = 3]) and nine different commercial lots from three caMHB manufacturers (Becton, Dickinson; Oxoid; and Sigma-Aldrich) were utilized. Zinc-limited media were prepared by the addition of EDTA at concentrations ranging from 3 to 300 μg/ml. Meropenem MICs were determined in triplicate for each lot of conventional caMHB and zinc-limited media by broth microdilution. The zinc concentration in each lot of conventional caMHB was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Up to 8-fold differences in meropenem MICs were observed between the commercial lots, resulting in different classifications of susceptibility among MBL-harboring isolates. Mean zinc concentrations were highest among conventional Becton, Dickinson caMHB lots relative to those for Oxoid and Sigma-Aldrich broth. Among MBL-harboring isolates, the impact of EDTA on MICs was dependent on the lot, correlating with initial zinc availability (i.e., less MIC reduction with higher initial zinc concentrations), while MICs for KPC-harboring isolates were unchanged. In summary, zinc variability was observed among commercial lots of caMHB, resulting in different classifications of susceptibility among MBL-harboring Enterobacteriaceae The addition of EDTA at concentrations of ≥30 μg/ml was sufficient to provide a zinc-limited medium, resulting in MICs that reflect in vivo meropenem activity.
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Genetic Determinants Enabling Medium-Dependent Adaptation to Nafcillin in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. mSystems 2020; 5:5/2/e00828-19. [PMID: 32234776 PMCID: PMC7112963 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00828-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing standards driving clinical decision-making have centered around the use of cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (CA-MHB) as the medium with the notion of supporting bacterial growth, without consideration of recapitulating the in vivo environment. However, it is increasingly recognized that various medium conditions have tremendous influence on antimicrobial activity, which in turn may have major implications on the ability of in vitro susceptibility assays to predict antibiotic activity in vivo. To elucidate differential growth optimization and antibiotic resistance mechanisms, adaptive laboratory evolution was performed in the presence or absence of the antibiotic nafcillin with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) TCH1516 in either (i) CA-MHB, a traditional bacteriological nutritionally rich medium, or (ii) Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI), a medium more reflective of the in vivo host environment. Medium adaptation analysis showed an increase in growth rate in RPMI, but not CA-MHB, with mutations in apt, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase, and the manganese transporter subunit, mntA, occurring reproducibly in parallel replicate evolutions. The medium-adapted strains showed no virulence attenuation. Continuous exposure of medium-adapted strains to increasing concentrations of nafcillin led to medium-specific evolutionary strategies. Key reproducibly occurring mutations were specific for nafcillin adaptation in each medium type and did not confer resistance in the other medium environment. Only the vraRST operon, a regulator of membrane- and cell wall-related genes, showed mutations in both CA-MHB- and RPMI-evolved strains. Collectively, these results demonstrate the medium-specific genetic adaptive responses of MRSA and establish adaptive laboratory evolution as a platform to study clinically relevant resistance mechanisms.IMPORTANCE The ability of pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus to evolve resistance to antibiotics used in the treatment of infections has been an important concern in the last decades. Resistant acquisition usually translates into treatment failure and puts patients at risk of unfavorable outcomes. Furthermore, the laboratory testing of antibiotic resistance does not account for the different environment the bacteria experiences within the human body, leading to results that do not translate into the clinic. In this study, we forced methicillin-resistant S. aureus to develop nafcillin resistance in two different environments, a laboratory environment and a physiologically more relevant environment. This allowed us to identify genetic changes that led to nafcillin resistance under both conditions. We concluded that not only does the environment dictate the evolutionary strategy of S. aureus to nafcillin but also that the evolutionary strategy is specific to that given environment.
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Jani S, Jackson A, Davies-Sala C, Chiem K, Soler-Bistué A, Zorreguieta A, Tolmasky ME. Assessment of External Guide Sequences' (EGS) Efficiency as Inducers of RNase P-Mediated Cleavage of mRNA Target Molecules. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1737:89-98. [PMID: 29484589 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7634-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RNase P is a ribozyme consisting of a catalytic RNA molecule and, depending on the organism, one or more cofactor proteins. It was initially identified as the enzyme that mediates cleavage of precursor tRNAs at the 5'-end termini to generate the mature tRNAs. An important characteristic of RNase P is that its specificity depends on the structure rather than the sequence of the RNA substrate. Any RNA species that interacts with an antisense molecule (called external guide sequence, EGS) and forms the appropriate structure can be cleaved by RNase P. This property is the basis for EGS technology, an antisense methodology for inhibiting gene expression by eliciting RNase P-mediated cleavage of a target mRNA molecule. EGS technology is being developed to design therapies against a large variety of diseases. An essential milestone in developing EGSs as therapies is the assessment of the efficiency of antisense molecules to induce cleavage of the target mRNA and evaluate their effect in vivo. Here, we describe simple protocols to test the ability of EGSs to induce cleavage of a target mRNA in vitro and to induce a phenotypic change in growing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Jani
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Alexis Jackson
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, and FCEyN, University of Buenos Aires, Aires, Argentina
| | - Carol Davies-Sala
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, and FCEyN, University of Buenos Aires, Aires, Argentina
| | - Kevin Chiem
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
| | - Alfonso Soler-Bistué
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, and FCEyN, University of Buenos Aires, Aires, Argentina
| | - Angeles Zorreguieta
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, and FCEyN, University of Buenos Aires, Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcelo E Tolmasky
- Center for Applied Biotechnology Studies, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA, USA.
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Comparison of Minocycline Susceptibility Testing Methods for Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. J Clin Microbiol 2016; 54:2937-2941. [PMID: 27629901 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01810-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment options for infections due to carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii are extremely limited. Minocycline is a semisynthetic tetracycline derivative with activity against this pathogen. This study compared susceptibility testing methods that are used in clinical microbiology laboratories (Etest, disk diffusion, and Sensititre broth microdilution methods) for testing of minocycline, tigecycline, and doxycycline against 107 carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii clinical isolates. Susceptibility rates determined with the standard broth microdilution method using cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton (MH) broth were 77.6% for minocycline and 29% for doxycycline, and 92.5% of isolates had tigecycline MICs of ≤2 μg/ml. Using MH agar from BD and Oxoid, susceptibility rates determined with the Etest method were 67.3% and 52.3% for minocycline, 21.5% and 18.7% for doxycycline, and 71% and 29.9% for tigecycline, respectively. With the disk diffusion method using MH agar from BD and Oxoid, susceptibility rates were 82.2% and 72.9% for minocycline and 34.6% and 34.6% for doxycycline, respectively, and rates of MICs of ≤2 μg/ml were 46.7% and 23.4% for tigecycline. In comparison with the standard broth microdilution results, very major rates were low (∼2.8%) for all three drugs across the methods, but major error rates were higher (∼5.6%), especially with the Etest method. For minocycline, minor error rates ranged from 14% to 37.4%. For tigecycline, minor error rates ranged from 6.5% to 69.2%. The majority of minor errors were due to susceptible results being reported as intermediate. For minocycline susceptibility testing of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strains, very major errors are rare, but major and minor errors overcalling strains as intermediate or resistant occur frequently with susceptibility testing methods that are feasible in clinical laboratories.
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McLain JE, Cytryn E, Durso LM, Young S. Culture-based Methods for Detection of Antibiotic Resistance in Agroecosystems: Advantages, Challenges, and Gaps in Knowledge. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2016; 45:432-40. [PMID: 27065389 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2015.06.0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Various culture-based methodologies are used in assessment of antibiotic resistance in samples collected in agroecosystems. Culture-based methods commonly involve isolating target bacteria on general or selective media and assessing growth in response to specific concentrations of antibiotics. The advantages of culture-based methods are multifold. In particular, isolation of bacteria is key to understanding phenotypic characteristics of isolates and their resistance patterns, and most national and international antibiotic resistance monitoring projects are isolate based. This review covers current knowledge of bacterial groups and antibiotics commonly targeted in resistance studies using bacterial culture and discusses the range in methods used, data interpretation, and factors supporting and confounding the use of culture-based methods in assessment of antibiotic resistance. Gaps in knowledge related to study design and resistance databases are discussed. Finally, a case is made for the integration of culture-based and molecular methods to better inform our understanding of antibiotic resistance in agroecosystems.
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Mayrhofer S, Zitz U, Birru FH, Gollan D, Gołoś AK, Kneifel W, Domig KJ. Comparison of the CLSI guideline and ISO/IDF standard for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Lactobacilli. Microb Drug Resist 2015; 20:591-603. [PMID: 24901389 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2013.0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacilli play a crucial role as probiotics and as starter cultures in the production of fermented foods. Although lactobacilli are a technologically useful and beneficial group of bacteria, a few members of them have been rarely correlated with bacterial infections. Correspondingly, clinicians are interested in the antimicrobial susceptibility of lactobacilli. In addition, antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is also relevant for commercially applied lactobacilli as bacterial strains harboring transferable antibiotic resistance genes should not be used in fermented and probiotic foods. Therefore, two methods were developed by different organizations, which were compared within this study. For this purpose, 22 Lactobacillus-type strains were tested for their antimicrobial susceptibility to 16 antibiotics following the procedures of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and the International Organization of Standardization (ISO)/International Dairy Federation (IDF). Crucial discrepancies between both procedures were detected mainly due to the different AST media. Hence, half of the strains tested did not consistently grow in the CLSI medium, whereas all showed evaluable growth in the ISO/IDF medium. However, some antibiotics were influenced by the latter medium. In particular, low levels of essential agreement between both methods were obtained with seven antibiotics. Accordingly, different interpretative criteria are needed for both procedures to distinguish resistant from susceptible strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Mayrhofer
- Institute of Food Science, Department of Food Science and Technology, BOKU-University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences , Vienna, Austria
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Sensitization of intracellular Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium to aminoglycosides in vitro and in vivo by a host-targeted antimicrobial agent. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:7375-82. [PMID: 25267669 DOI: 10.1128/aac.03778-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoglycosides exhibit relatively poor activity against intracellular Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium due to their low permeativity across eukaryotic cell membranes. Previously, we identified the unique ability of AR-12, a celecoxib-derived small-molecule agent, to eradicate intracellular Salmonella Typhimurium in macrophages by facilitating autophagosome formation and suppressing Akt kinase signaling. In light of this unique mode of antibacterial action, we investigated the ability of AR-12 to sensitize intracellular Salmonella to aminoglycosides in macrophages and in an animal model. The antibacterial activities of AR-12 combined with various aminoglycosides, including streptomycin, kanamycin, gentamicin, and amikacin, against intracellular S. Typhimurium in murine RAW264.7 macrophages were assessed. Cells were infected with S. Typhimurium followed by treatment with AR-12 or individual aminoglycosides or with combinations for 24 h. The in vivo efficacies of AR-12, alone or in combination with gentamicin or amikacin, were also assessed by treating S. Typhimurium-infected BALB/c mice daily for 14 consecutive days. Exposure of S. Typhimurium-infected RAW264.7 cells to a combination of AR-12 with individual aminoglycosides led to a reduction in bacterial survival (P < 0.05), both intracellular and extracellular, that was greater than that seen with the aminoglycosides alone. This sensitizing effect, however, was not associated with increased aminoglycoside penetration into bacteria or macrophages. Moreover, daily intraperitoneal injection of AR-12 at 0.1 mg/kg of body weight significantly increased the in vivo efficacy of gentamicin and amikacin in prolonging the survival of S. Typhimurium-infected mice. These findings indicate that the unique ability of AR-12 to enhance the in vivo efficacy of aminoglycosides might have translational potential for efforts to develop novel strategies for the treatment of salmonellosis.
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12
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Jeannot K, Plésiat P. Drug susceptibility testing by dilution methods. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1149:49-58. [PMID: 24818896 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0473-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Serial twofold dilution methods are widely used to assess the bacteriostatic activities of antibiotics. This can be achieved by dilution of considered drugs in agar medium or in culture broth, and inoculation by calibrated inoculums. Although seemingly simple, these methods are greatly influenced by the experimental conditions used and may lead to discrepant results, in particular with untrained investigators. The present step-by-step protocol has been validated for Pseudomonas species, including P. aeruginosa. Introduction of appropriate control strains is crucial to ascertain minimal inhibitory concentration values and compare the results of independent experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Jeannot
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie, Faculté de Médecine-Pharmacie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Université de Franche-Comté, 19, rue Ambroise Paré, 25030, Besançon cedex, France
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Morita Y, Tomida J, Kawamura Y. MexXY multidrug efflux system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol 2012; 3:408. [PMID: 23233851 PMCID: PMC3516279 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2012.00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-pseudomonas aminoglycosides, such as amikacin and tobramycin, are used in the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. However, their use is linked to the development of resistance. During the last decade, the MexXY multidrug efflux system has been comprehensively studied, and numerous reports of laboratory and clinical isolates have been published. This system has been increasingly recognized as one of the primary determinants of aminoglycoside resistance in P. aeruginosa. In P. aeruginosa cystic fibrosis isolates, upregulation of the pump is considered the most common mechanism of aminoglycoside resistance. Non-fermentative Gram-negative pathogens possessing very close MexXY orthologs such as Achromobacter xylosoxidans and various Burkholderia species (e.g., Burkholderia pseudomallei and B. cepacia complexes), but not B. gladioli, are intrinsically resistant to aminoglycosides. Here, we summarize the properties (e.g., discovery, mechanism, gene expression, clinical significance) of the P. aeruginosa MexXY pump and other aminoglycoside efflux pumps such as AcrD of Escherichia coli, AmrAB-OprA of B. pseudomallei, and AdeABC of Acinetobacter baumannii. MexXY inducibility of the PA5471 gene product, which is dependent on ribosome inhibition or oxidative stress, is noteworthy. Moreover, the discovery of the cognate outer membrane component (OprA) of MexXY in the multidrug-resistant clinical isolate PA7, serotype O12 deserves special attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Morita
- Department of Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University Nagoya, Japan
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Zidar N, Tomašić T, Šink R, Kovač A, Patin D, Blanot D, Contreras-Martel C, Dessen A, Premru MM, Zega A, Gobec S, Mašič LP, Kikelj D. New 5-benzylidenethiazolidin-4-one inhibitors of bacterial MurD ligase: design, synthesis, crystal structures, and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:5512-23. [PMID: 21963114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mur ligases (MurC-MurF), a group of bacterial enzymes that catalyze four consecutive steps in the formation of cytoplasmic peptidoglycan precursor, are becoming increasingly adopted as targets in antibacterial drug design. Based on the crystal structure of MurD cocrystallized with thiazolidine-2,4-dione inhibitor I, we have designed, synthesized, and evaluated a series of improved glutamic acid containing 5-benzylidenerhodanine and 5-benzylidenethiazolidine-2,4-dione inhibitors of MurD with IC(50) values up to 28 μM. Inhibitor 37, with an IC(50) of 34 μM, displays a weak antibacterial activity against S. aureus ATCC 29213 and E. faecalis ATCC 29212 with minimal inhibitory concentrations of 128 μg/mL. High-resolution crystal structures of MurD in complex with two new inhibitors (compounds 23 and 51) reveal details of their binding modes within the active site and provide valuable information for further structure-based optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nace Zidar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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15
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Zidar N, Tomasić T, Sink R, Rupnik V, Kovac A, Turk S, Patin D, Blanot D, Contreras Martel C, Dessen A, Müller Premru M, Zega A, Gobec S, Peterlin Masic L, Kikelj D. Discovery of novel 5-benzylidenerhodanine and 5-benzylidenethiazolidine-2,4-dione inhibitors of MurD ligase. J Med Chem 2010; 53:6584-94. [PMID: 20804196 DOI: 10.1021/jm100285g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We have designed, synthesized, and evaluated 5-benzylidenerhodanine- and 5-benzylidenethiazolidine-2,4-dione-based compounds as inhibitors of bacterial enzyme MurD with E. coli IC(50) in the range 45-206 μM. The high-resolution crystal structure of MurD in complex with (R,Z)-2-(3-[{4-([2,4-dioxothiazolidin-5-ylidene]methyl)phenylamino}methyl)benzamido)pentanedioic acid [(R)-32] revealed details of the binding mode of the inhibitor within the active site and provides a good foundation for structure-based design of a novel generation of MurD inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nace Zidar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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16
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Nagaoka S, Murata S, Kimura K, Mori T, Hojo K. Antimicrobial activity of sodium citrate against Streptococcus pneumoniae and several oral bacteria. Lett Appl Microbiol 2010; 51:546-51. [PMID: 20849395 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2010.02932.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study is to assess the antibacterial activity of sodium citrate against Streptococcus pneumoniae and several oral bacteria. METHODS AND RESULTS The antibacterial activity was determined by broth microdilution method. The results showed that although Enterocuccus faecium OB7084 and Klebsiella pneumoniae OB7088 had high tolerance to sodium citrate, several oral bacteria including Fusobacterium nucleatum JCM8532(T) , Streptococcus mutans JCM5705(T) and Strep. pneumoniae NBRC102642(T) were susceptible. Furthermore, the bactericidal activity of sodium citrate against Strep. pneumoniae NBRC102642(T) was not influenced by pH in the range of 5·0-8·0, whereas that of sodium lactate was weakened at neutral or weak alkaline pH. When Strep. pneumoniae NBRC102642(T) was treated with sodium citrate for 2 h, many burst cells were observed. However, addition of MgCl(2) or CaCl(2) to an assay medium weakened the antimicrobial activity although ZnCl(2) or MnCl(2) did not influence. CONCLUSIONS Independent of pH, sodium citrate inhibited the growth of oral bacteria, which suggests that the mechanism is different from that of sodium lactate. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The results presented in this study would be available for understanding the antimicrobial property of sodium citrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nagaoka
- Food Science Institute, Meiji Dairies Corporation, Odawara, Japan
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17
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Tomasić T, Zidar N, Kovac A, Turk S, Simcic M, Blanot D, Müller-Premru M, Filipic M, Grdadolnik SG, Zega A, Anderluh M, Gobec S, Kikelj D, Peterlin Masic L. 5-Benzylidenethiazolidin-4-ones as multitarget inhibitors of bacterial Mur ligases. ChemMedChem 2010; 5:286-95. [PMID: 20024979 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200900449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mur ligases participate in the intracellular path of bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis and constitute attractive, although so far underexploited, targets for antibacterial drug discovery. A series of hydroxy-substituted 5-benzylidenethiazolidin-4-ones were synthesized and tested as inhibitors of Mur ligases. The most potent compound 5 a was active against MurD-F with IC(50) values between 2 and 6 microm, making it a promising multitarget inhibitor of Mur ligases. Antibacterial activity against different strains, inhibitory activity against protein kinases, mutagenicity and genotoxicity of 5 a were also investigated, and kinetic and NMR studies were conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tihomir Tomasić
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Askerceva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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18
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Rennie RP, Koeth L, Jones RN, Fritsche TR, Knapp CC, Killian SB, Goldstein BP. Factors influencing broth microdilution antimicrobial susceptibility test results for dalbavancin, a new glycopeptide agent. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:3151-4. [PMID: 17670919 PMCID: PMC2045359 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.02411-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Performance of antimicrobial susceptibility tests with new agents requires careful consideration of the properties of the antimicrobial to ensure that the tests are standardized, reproducible, and reflect the true potency of the drug. Dalbavancin is a new glycopeptide with potent activity against gram-positive bacterial species. The investigations described here demonstrated that methodologic modifications of procedures are necessary to ensure consistent test results, both for quality control and for routine testing of clinical isolates. Dimethyl sulfoxide is the preferred primary solvent. The addition of 0.002% polysorbate-80 (a surfactant) to dalbavancin-containing wells in the reference broth microdilution assay resulted in consistent and reproducible MIC results for three quality control strains: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, and Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619. The same degree of consistency was observed among clinical isolates of gram-positive bacterial species tested in several clinical laboratories. These results indicate that the addition of 0.002% (final concentration) of the surfactant in broth microdilution tests produces optimal dalbavancin MICs required for accurate and reproducible clinical laboratory tests, without untoward influences of substrate binding or media constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Rennie
- Medical Microbiology, University of Alberta Hospital, WMC 283.08, 8440 112 St., Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2J2, Canada.
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19
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Wolter JM, McCormack JG. The effect of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics on adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF-affected tracheal epithelial cells. J Infect 1998; 37:217-23. [PMID: 9892524 DOI: 10.1016/s0163-4453(98)91859-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES this project investigated the proposition that Pseudomonas aeruginosa binds preferentially to cystic fibrosis (CF) respiratory cells. In addition, disadherence of P. aeruginosa by subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics was examined as a possible explanation for clinical improvement seen in chronically colonized patients when treated with anti-pseudomonal agents. METHODS we used a distinctive HPV-transformed respiratory cell line to compare adherence of two strains of P. aeruginosa to CF and non-CF respiratory cells. The effect of subinhibitory concentrations of antipseudomonal antibiotics on adherence of P. aeruginosa to cell monolayers was measured. RESULTS piliated P. aeruginosa bound significantly better to CF than non-CF-affected cells (P=0.003). Adherence was significantly reduced when organisms were preincubated in subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics overnight (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS these results support the presence of an altered receptor present on CF-affected cells that binds piliated strains of P. aeruginosa. Bacterial disadherence due to subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics may partially explain why clinical improvement is observed in CF patients with acute respiratory exacerbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Wolter
- University of Queensland Department of Medicine, Mater Adult Hospital, South Brisbane, Australia
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21
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van 't Veen A, Mouton JW, Gommers D, Kluytmans JA, Dekkers P, Lachmann B. Influence of pulmonary surfactant on in vitro bactericidal activities of amoxicillin, ceftazidime, and tobramycin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995; 39:329-33. [PMID: 7726491 PMCID: PMC162536 DOI: 10.1128/aac.39.2.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of a natural pulmonary surfactant on antibiotic activity was investigated to assess the possible use of exogenous surfactant as a vehicle for antibiotic delivery to the lung. The influence of surfactant on the bactericidal activity of amoxicillin was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae, and the influence of surfactant on the activities of ceftazidime and tobramycin was tested against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S. aureus, and S. pneumoniae. In vitro antibiotic activity was determined by killing curve studies in media with and without surfactant. Amoxicillin and ceftazidime activities were not changed in the presence of surfactant, except for a decreased killing rate of S. pneumoniae by ceftazidime in medium with additional rabbit serum. In contrast, killing curves with low concentrations of tobramycin (0.25x and 1x the MIC) showed a decreased level of activity of tobramycin against all pathogens tested in the presence of surfactant. With higher tobramycin concentrations (4x the MIC) killing rates were decreased less or were unchanged in the presence of surfactant. Concluding from the results of the study, both amoxicillin and ceftazidime can be combined with surfactant without the loss of activity. For mixing surfactant with tobramycin, dosages should be adjusted to overcome the partial inactivation of tobramycin by surfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- A van 't Veen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Barry AL, Allen SD, Fuchs PC, Jorgensen JH, Pfaller MA. Revision of quality control limits for broth microdilution tests of fleroxacin and gentamicin with Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1994; 13:1087-9. [PMID: 7889979 DOI: 10.1007/bf02111838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Jones RN. False resistance to aminoglycosides, a national susceptibility testing problem? Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1994; 18:133-5. [PMID: 8062533 DOI: 10.1016/0732-8893(94)90080-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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