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Nunes PF, da Cruz Coelho E, da Silva JR, da Silva Costa CC, Sampaio RMA, Frade PCR, Ponteira NA, da Cruz SS, Seabra AD, Carneiro DM, Burbano RMR, Martins LC. Hepatitis C and Human Pegivirus Coinfection in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C from the Brazilian Amazon Region: Prevalence, Genotypes and Clinical Data. Viruses 2023; 15:1892. [PMID: 37766298 PMCID: PMC10536978 DOI: 10.3390/v15091892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Coinfection of HPgV-1 with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is common due to shared modes of transmission, with a prevalence of HPgV-1 viremia of approximately 20% among individuals with chronic HCV infection. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of HPgV-1 RNA and circulating genotypes in patients with hepatitis C from a health service located in the city of Belém, in the state of Pará, Northern Brazil. A total of 147 samples were included in the study from February to December 2019. Among the participants, 72.1% (106/147) were monoinfected with HCV, with detectable HCV viral RNA, and 27.9% (41/147) were coinfected with HCV/HPgV-1. The most frequently found genotypes were HPgV-1 genotypes 1 and 2 (36.6% and 63.4%), respectively. While for HCV there was a predominance of genotypes 1 and 3 (58.5% and 41.5%). No significant differences were found when comparing any risk, sociodemographic, or clinical factors between groups. Also, there was no statistically significant difference when relating the viral genotypes of both agents. This study indicated that the prevalence of infection by HPgV-1 is high in HCV carriers in Belém, Pará, and probably does not change the clinical course of HCV infection, however, further studies are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Ferreira Nunes
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Laboratório de Patologia Clínica das Doenças Tropicais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66055-240, PA, Brazil; (E.d.C.C.); (J.R.d.S.); (C.C.d.S.C.); (R.M.A.S.); (P.C.R.F.); (N.A.P.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Evelen da Cruz Coelho
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Laboratório de Patologia Clínica das Doenças Tropicais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66055-240, PA, Brazil; (E.d.C.C.); (J.R.d.S.); (C.C.d.S.C.); (R.M.A.S.); (P.C.R.F.); (N.A.P.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Joseane Rodrigues da Silva
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Laboratório de Patologia Clínica das Doenças Tropicais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66055-240, PA, Brazil; (E.d.C.C.); (J.R.d.S.); (C.C.d.S.C.); (R.M.A.S.); (P.C.R.F.); (N.A.P.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Camila Carla da Silva Costa
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Laboratório de Patologia Clínica das Doenças Tropicais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66055-240, PA, Brazil; (E.d.C.C.); (J.R.d.S.); (C.C.d.S.C.); (R.M.A.S.); (P.C.R.F.); (N.A.P.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Regiane Miranda Arnund Sampaio
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Laboratório de Patologia Clínica das Doenças Tropicais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66055-240, PA, Brazil; (E.d.C.C.); (J.R.d.S.); (C.C.d.S.C.); (R.M.A.S.); (P.C.R.F.); (N.A.P.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Paula Cristina Rodrigues Frade
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Laboratório de Patologia Clínica das Doenças Tropicais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66055-240, PA, Brazil; (E.d.C.C.); (J.R.d.S.); (C.C.d.S.C.); (R.M.A.S.); (P.C.R.F.); (N.A.P.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Nagib Abdon Ponteira
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Laboratório de Patologia Clínica das Doenças Tropicais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66055-240, PA, Brazil; (E.d.C.C.); (J.R.d.S.); (C.C.d.S.C.); (R.M.A.S.); (P.C.R.F.); (N.A.P.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Samara Silveira da Cruz
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Hospital Ophir Loyola, Belém 66063-240, PA, Brazil; (S.S.d.C.); (A.D.S.); (D.M.C.); (R.M.R.B.)
| | - Aline Damasceno Seabra
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Hospital Ophir Loyola, Belém 66063-240, PA, Brazil; (S.S.d.C.); (A.D.S.); (D.M.C.); (R.M.R.B.)
| | - Debora Monteiro Carneiro
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Hospital Ophir Loyola, Belém 66063-240, PA, Brazil; (S.S.d.C.); (A.D.S.); (D.M.C.); (R.M.R.B.)
| | - Rommel Mario Rodriguez Burbano
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Hospital Ophir Loyola, Belém 66063-240, PA, Brazil; (S.S.d.C.); (A.D.S.); (D.M.C.); (R.M.R.B.)
| | - Luisa Caricio Martins
- Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Laboratório de Patologia Clínica das Doenças Tropicais, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém 66055-240, PA, Brazil; (E.d.C.C.); (J.R.d.S.); (C.C.d.S.C.); (R.M.A.S.); (P.C.R.F.); (N.A.P.); (L.C.M.)
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Virome comparison of deferred blood donations obtained from different geographic regions in the Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Transfus Apher Sci 2021; 60:103106. [PMID: 33726974 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2021.103106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The virome composition of blood units deferred due to symptomatic disease of the donors reported after blood donation may reveal novel or unsuspected viral agents which may have impact in the area of hemotherapy. The objective of this study was to compare the virome of blood donations obtained from two distantly located blood collecting institutions in the Saqo Paulo State and deferred from use due to post donation illness reports (PDIR). Plasma samples with PDIR due to different symptoms were collected in two cities of the Sao Paulo State (Sao Paulo city, 28 samples and Ribeirao Preto city, 11 samples). The samples were assembled in pools and sequenced in Illumina NextSeq 550 sequencer. The obtained raw sequencing data was analyzed using bioinformatic pipeline aiming viral identification. Phylogenetic classification of the most important contigs was also performed. The virome composition of the plasma samples obtained in both cities was different. This was more pronounced for some specific anellovirus types and the human pegivirus-1 (HPgV-1) which were exclusively found among donations obtained from the city of Sao Paulo. On the other hand, in PDIR samples from Ribeirao Preto, Dengue -2 reads were more abundant compared to commensal viral representatives. The obtained virome findings show that the differential viral abundance is related to geographic localization and specific disease endemicity. The virome of PDIR samples may be used to more profoundly analyze the hypothetic transfusion threats in a given location.
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Yang N, Dai R, Zhang X. Global prevalence of human pegivirus-1 in healthy volunteer blood donors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Vox Sang 2019; 115:107-119. [PMID: 31845353 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The local prevalence of HPgV-1 has been reported from different countries worldwide, but the global prevalence of HPgV-1 remains unknown. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to gather data from the literature to estimate the prevalence of HPgV-1 in healthy volunteer blood donors in the world. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and Google Scholar databases for records up to January 2019 and included studies reporting HPgV-1 virus prevalence amongst healthy volunteer blood donors based on the detection of HPgV-1 RNA. RESULTS In all, we included 79 studies for the systematic review and 63 for the meta-analysis. Based on the random effect meta-analysis of 35 468 volunteer blood donors, we found the global prevalence of HPgV-1 to be 3·1% (95% CI, 2·4-4·1). The pooled prevalences of HPgV-1 were 1·7% (95% CI, 1·1-2·6) in North America, 9·1% (95% CI, 6·4-12·7) in South America, 2·3% (95% CI, 2%, 2·8) in Europe and 2·4% (95% CI, 1·4-4) in Asia. Subgroup analyses based on age, gender or risk factors were not possible. CONCLUSION Approximately 3 in 100 blood donations worldwide are positive for HPgV-1 increasing the risk of infection from transfusion of their components to subsequent recipients. Further research on virus pathogenicity is required before recommending routine screening of HPgV-1 for healthy volunteer blood donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yang
- Yantai Central Blood Station, Yantai, China
| | - Run Dai
- Yantai Central Blood Station, Yantai, China
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Slavov SN, Maraninchi Silveira R, Hespanhol MR, Sauvage V, Rodrigues ES, Fontanari Krause L, Bittencourt HT, Caro V, Laperche S, Covas DT, Kashima S. Human pegivirus-1 (HPgV-1) RNA prevalence and genotypes in volunteer blood donors from the Brazilian Amazon. Transfus Clin Biol 2019; 26:234-239. [PMID: 31277987 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of Human Pegivirus-1 (HPgV-1) viremia and genotype diversity among healthy blood donors from the Eastern Brazilian Amazon (city of Macapá, State of Amapá). There is little information for prevalence and circulation of HPgV-1 in this remote Brazilian region. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a study evaluating the HPgV-1 RNA prevalence and circulating genotypes in 431 volunteer blood donors originating from the Eastern Brazilian Amazon. The obtained HPgV-1 positive samples were submitted to sequencing and genotyping analysis in order to examine the genotype diversity of this virus in the Brazilian Amazon. RESULTS Our results demonstrated a prevalence of HPgV-1 RNA in 9.5% of the tested blood donors. The phylogenetic analyses of the detected positive samples showed the presence of HPgV-1 genotypes 1, 2 and 3. The most frequently detected genotype was 2 (78.0% of the cases) represented by sub-genotypes 2A (39.0%) and 2B (39.0%). At lower rates, genotypes 1 (14.6%) and 3 (7.4%) were also detected. CONCLUSION Our results revealed the presence of genotypes with European, Asiatic and African endemicity in Amazonian blood donors, probably due to the complex miscegenation processes that took place in this Brazilian region. More investigations, including information for the prevalence of HPgV-1 RNA in blood donors from other Latin American countries are needed to estimate the viremic rates and genotype distribution of this virus in a highly diverse continent like South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Slavov
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14051-140 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14051-140 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - R Maraninchi Silveira
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14051-140 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M R Hespanhol
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14051-140 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V Sauvage
- Institut national de la transfusion Sanguine (INTS), département d'études des Agents transmissibles par le sang (DATS), Centre national de référence risques infectieux transfusionnels, 75015 Paris, France
| | - E S Rodrigues
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14051-140 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L Fontanari Krause
- Laboratory of Biosciences, Franciscan University, 97010-030 Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - H T Bittencourt
- Institute of Hematology and Hemotherapy of Amapá, 68900-074 Macapá, Amapá, Brazil
| | - V Caro
- Pole for Genotyping of Pathogens (PGP), Laboratory for Urgent Response to Biological Threats, Environment and Infectious Risks Research and Expertise Unit, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
| | - S Laperche
- Institut national de la transfusion Sanguine (INTS), département d'études des Agents transmissibles par le sang (DATS), Centre national de référence risques infectieux transfusionnels, 75015 Paris, France
| | - D T Covas
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14051-140 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S Kashima
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, 14051-140 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Human pegivirus-1 (HPgV-1, GBV-C) RNA prevalence and genotype diversity among volunteer blood donors from an intra-hospital hemotherapy service in Southern Brazil. Transfus Apher Sci 2019; 58:174-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Alvarado-Mora MV, Botelho L, Nishiya A, Neto RA, Gomes-Gouvêa MS, Gutierrez MF, Carrilho FJ, Pinho JRR. Frequency and genotypic distribution of GB virus C (GBV-C) among Colombian population with Hepatitis B (HBV) or Hepatitis C (HCV) infection. Virol J 2011; 8:345. [PMID: 21745373 PMCID: PMC3142244 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-8-345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GB virus C (GBV-C) is an enveloped positive-sense ssRNA virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family. Studies on the genetic variability of the GBV-C reveals the existence of six genotypes: genotype 1 predominates in West Africa, genotype 2 in Europe and America, genotype 3 in Asia, genotype 4 in Southwest Asia, genotype 5 in South Africa and genotype 6 in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and genotypic distribution of GBV-C in the Colombian population. METHODS Two groups were analyzed: i) 408 Colombian blood donors infected with HCV (n = 250) and HBV (n = 158) from Bogotá and ii) 99 indigenous people with HBV infection from Leticia, Amazonas. A fragment of 344 bp from the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) was amplified by nested RT PCR. Viral sequences were genotyped by phylogenetic analysis using reference sequences from each genotype obtained from GenBank (n = 160). Bayesian phylogenetic analyses were conducted using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach to obtain the MCC tree using BEAST v.1.5.3. RESULTS Among blood donors, from 158 HBsAg positive samples, eight 5.06% (n = 8) were positive for GBV-C and from 250 anti-HCV positive samples, 3.2%(n = 8) were positive for GBV-C. Also, 7.7% (n = 7) GBV-C positive samples were found among indigenous people from Leticia. A phylogenetic analysis revealed the presence of the following GBV-C genotypes among blood donors: 2a (41.6%), 1 (33.3%), 3 (16.6%) and 2b (8.3%). All genotype 1 sequences were found in co-infection with HBV and 4/5 sequences genotype 2a were found in co-infection with HCV. All sequences from indigenous people from Leticia were classified as genotype 3. The presence of GBV-C infection was not correlated with the sex (p = 0.43), age (p = 0.38) or origin (p = 0.17). CONCLUSIONS It was found a high frequency of GBV-C genotype 1 and 2 in blood donors. The presence of genotype 3 in indigenous population was previously reported from Santa Marta region in Colombia and in native people from Venezuela and Bolivia. This fact may be correlated to the ancient movements of Asian people to South America a long time ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica V Alvarado-Mora
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, São Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine and Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Livia Botelho
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, São Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine and Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Raymundo A Neto
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michele S Gomes-Gouvêa
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, São Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine and Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria F Gutierrez
- Laboratory of Virology, Department of Microbiology, Pontificia Javeriana University, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Flair J Carrilho
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, São Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine and Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João RR Pinho
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, São Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine and Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Giret MTM, Miraglia JL, Sucupira MCA, Nishiya A, Levi JE, Diaz RS, Sabino EC, Kallas EG. Prevalence, incidence density, and genotype distribution of GB virus C infection in a cohort of recently HIV-1-infected subjects in Sao Paulo, Brazil. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18407. [PMID: 21483671 PMCID: PMC3071701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The results of previous studies elsewhere have indicated that GB virus C (GBV-C) infection is frequent in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) due to similar transmission routes of both viruses. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, incidence density and genotypic characteristics of GBV-C in this population. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The study population included 233 patients from a cohort primarily comprised of homosexual men recently infected with HIV-1 in São Paulo, Brazil. The presence of GBV-C RNA was determined in plasma samples by reverse transcriptase-nested polymerase chain reaction and quantified by real-time PCR. GBV-C genotypes were determined by direct sequencing. HIV viral load, CD4+ T lymphocyte and CD8+ T lymphocyte count were also tested in all patients. The overall prevalence of GBV-C infection was 0.23 (95% CI: 0.18 to 0.29) in the study group. There was no significant difference between patients with and without GBV-C infection and Glycoprotein E2 antibody presence regarding age, sex, HIV-1 viral load, CD4+ and CD8+T cell counts and treatment with antiretroviral drugs. An inverse correlation was observed between GBV-C and HIV-1 loads at enrollment and after one year. Also, a positive but not significant correlation was observed between GBV-C load and CD4+ T lymphocyte. Phylogenetic analysis of the GBV-C isolates revealed the presence of genotype 1 and genotype 2, these sub classified into subtype 2a and 2b. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE GBV-C infection is common in recently HIV -1 infected patients in Sao Paulo, Brazil and the predominant genotype is 2b. This study provides the first report of the GBV-C prevalence at the time of diagnosis of HIV-1 and the incidence density of GBV-C infection in one year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa M. Giret
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Luiz Miraglia
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Eduardo Levi
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo S. Diaz
- Infectious Diseases Division, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Esper G. Kallas
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Barbosa ADJ, Baggio-Zappia GL, Dobo C, Alves-Sousa VK, Lanzara GDA, Silva IDCGD, Lanzoni VP, Granato CFH. Analysis of GB virus C infection among HIV-HCV coinfected patients. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2009; 42:591-3. [DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822009000500021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2009] [Accepted: 09/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of GB virus C on laboratory markers and histological parameters among HIV-seropositive patients coinfected with HCV. Lower degrees of hepatic lesions were observed in the triple-infected patients, in comparison with HIV-HCV coinfected patients who were negative for GBV-C RNA.
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Paternoster D, Serena A, Santin M, Marchiori S, Surico N, Amoruso E, Longo D, Gussetti N. GB virus C infection in pregnancy: maternal and perinatal importance of the infection. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2009; 144:115-8. [PMID: 19346054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2009.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2007] [Revised: 01/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The more effective way of transmission of GB virus C (GBV-C) is parenteral, but sexual and vertical transmission seem to be the main way of spreading. We evaluated the prevalence and the effect of GBV-C infection on pregnant women, vertical transmission and viral effects on the newborn. STUDY DESIGN This study has consecutively enrolled 879 pregnant women. All patients had blood sampling to determine GBV-C RNA, serologic tests for chronic viral infections and seric tests of hepatic damage. The newborns from infected mothers had blood sampling to detect the presence of GBV-C at birth, and after 3 and 6 months. Positive babies were checked until 18 months. RESULTS 36 (4.1%) women resulted GBV-C positive. Among the positive patients none presented complications during pregnancy. Neither embryonic-fetal abnormalities nor relevant differences in fetal birth weight and week of gestation at delivery were found. 20 out of 36 babies had a follow-up. At birth, 13 (65%) babies were positive. 4 out of 9 vaginal deliveries (44%) and 9 out of 11 cesarean sections (82%) resulted positive to GBV-C RNA. The risk of GBV-C vertical transmission was not significantly increased by type of delivery (p=0.274). At 3 months, 13 babies were GBV-C positive (65%) and 7 were negative (35%). At the end of the follow-up, 9 babies were positive (45%), while 11 were negative (55%). CONCLUSION The percentage of patients positive to GBV-C RNA was comparatively high (4.1%). This prevalence, in a population without particular risk factors, confirms that common ways of transmission, such as the sexual and vertical ones, might have an important role in viral diffusion. Our data suggest that the infection does not influence the course of pregnancy. The rate of transmission found in our study is high. Type of delivery does not seem to be actually involved in vertical transmission and the protective role of cesarean section has not been confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Paternoster
- Department of Obstetric and Gynaecology, University of Piemonte Orientale, c.so Mazzini 18, Novara, Italy.
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Lyra AC, Pinho JRR, Silva LK, Sousa L, Saraceni CP, Braga EL, Pereira JE, Zarife MAS, Reis MG, Lyra LGC, Silva LCD, Carrilho FJ. HEV, TTV and GBV-C/HGV markers in patients with acute viral hepatitis. Braz J Med Biol Res 2005; 38:767-75. [PMID: 15917959 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2005000500015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of HEV, TTV and GBV-C/GBV-C/HGV in patients with acute viral hepatitis A, B and non-A-C. We evaluated sera of 94 patients from a sentinel program who had acute hepatitis A (N = 40), B (N = 42) and non-A-C (N = 12); 71 blood donors served as controls. IgM and anti-HEV IgG antibodies were detected by enzyme immunoassay using commercial kits. TTV and GBV-C/HGV were detected by nested PCR; genotyping was done by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Anti-HEV IgG was present in 38, 10 and 17% of patients with hepatitis A, B and non-A-C. Four patients with hepatitis A and 1 with non-A-C hepatitis also had anti-HEV IgM detected in serum. TTV was detected in 21% of patients with acute hepatitis and in 31% of donors. GBV-C/HGV was detected in 9% of patients with hepatitis, and in 10% of donors. We found TTV isolates of genotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4 and GBV-C/HGV isolates of genotypes 1 and 2. Mean aminotransferase levels were lower in patients who were TTV or GBV-C/HGV positive. In conclusion, the detection of anti-HEV IgM in some acute hepatitis A cases suggests co-infection with HEV and hepatitis E could be the etiology of a few cases of sporadic non-A-C hepatitis in Salvador, Brazil. TTV genotype 1, 2, 3 and 4 isolates and GBV-C/HGV genotype 1 and 2 strains are frequent in the studied population. TTV and GBV-C/HGV infection does not appear to have a role in the etiology of acute hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Lyra
- Departamento de Gastroenterologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil.
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Nishiya AS, Ribeiro-dos-Santos G, Bassit L, Focaccia R, Chamone DF, Sabino EC. Genotype distribution of the GB virus C in citizens of São Paulo City, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2003; 45:213-6. [PMID: 14502349 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652003000400007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been several studies worldwide on phylogenetics and genotype distribution of the GB-virus C / Hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV). However, in their great majority, those investigations were based on some epidemiologically linked group, rather than on a representative sampling of the general population. The present is a continuation of the first study in Brazil with such a population; it addresses the GBV-C/HGV phylogenetics and genotype distribution based on samples identified among more than 1,000 individuals of the city of S o Paulo. For this purpose, a 728 bp fragment of the 5 non-coding region (5 NCR) of the viral genome, from 24 isolates, was sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Genotypes 1, 2a and 2b were found at 8.3% (2/24), 50% (12/24) and 41.7% (10/24), respectively. In conclusion S o Paulo displays a genotype distribution similar to the published data for other States and Regions of Brazil, endorsing the notion that types 1 and 2 would have entered the country with African and European people, respectively, since its earliest formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Nishiya
- Fundação Pró-Sangue/Hemocentro de São Paulo (FPS/HSP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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12
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW The list of possible hepatotropic viruses continues to grow with the discovery of the GB virus-C, the TT virus and the SEN virus. There is emerging data on the biology of these newly discovered :In spite of continuing research into the pathogenicity of the GB virus-C and the TT virus, definite evidence linking them to acute or chronic liver disease is lacking. The SEN virus was reported in 2000, and although there seems to be an association between virus and transfusion-related hepatitis, more data are awaited before definite conclusions can be drawn. The effect of GB virus-C, the TT virus and the SEN virus co-infection on other viral and non-viral hepatitides has also been studied in some detail. Again, there is no definite evidence so far that these viruses modify other liver diseases. SUMMARY At the present time, diagnostic testing for these viruses does not seem to be warranted outside of clinical studies. The discovery of these viruses, however, paves the way for further research into novel viral agents that infect humans, other among hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Narayanan Menon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
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Oliveira LA, Martins RMB, Carneiro MAS, Teles SA, Silva SA, Cardoso DDP, Lampe E, Yoshida CFT. Prevalence and genotypes of GB virus C/hepatitis G virus among blood donors in Central Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2002; 97:953-7. [PMID: 12471420 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762002000700005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A survey was conducted in a blood donor population of Central Brazil aiming to investigate the prevalence of GB virus C (GBV-C)/hepatitis G virus (HGV) infection and also to analyze the virus genotypes distribution. A total of 241 voluntary blood donors were interviewed at the State Blood Bank in Goiânia, State of Goiás, Brazil. Blood samples were collected and serum samples tested for GBV-C/HGV RNA by polymerase chain reaction. Genotypes were determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Seventeen samples were GBV-C/HGV RNA-positive, resulting in a prevalence of 7.1% (95% CI: 4.2-11.1). A significant trend of GBV-C/HGV RNA positivity in relation to age was observed, with the highest prevalence in donors between 29-39 years old. Ten infected individuals were characterized by reporting parenteral (30%), sexual (18%), both (6%) and intrafamiliar (6%) transmission. However, 7 (40%) GBV-C/HGV RNA-positive donors did not mention any potential transmission route. RFLP analysis revealed the presence of genotypes 1 and 2 of GBV-C/HGV; more precisely, 10 (58.9%) samples were found belonging to the 2b subtype, 4 (23.5%) to the 2a subtype, and 3 (17.6%) to genotype 1. The present data indicate an intermediate endemicity of GBV-C/HGV infection among this blood donor population, and a predominant circulation of genotype 2 (subtype 2b) in Central Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana A Oliveira
- Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, GO, 74605-050, Brasil
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14
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Abstract
The interaction of man with viral agents was possibly a key factor shaping human evolution, culture and civilization from its outset. Evidence of the effect of disease, since the early stages of human speciation, through pre-historical times to the present suggest that the types of viruses associated with man changed in time. As human populations progressed technologically, they grew in numbers and density. As a consequence different viruses found suitable conditions to thrive and establish long-lasting associations with man. Although not all viral agents cause disease and some may in fact be considered beneficial, the present situation of overpopulation, poverty and ecological inbalance may have devastating effects on human progress. Recently emerged diseases causing massive pandemics (e.g., HIV-1 and HCV, dengue, etc.) are becoming formidable challenges, which may have a direct impact on the fate of our species.
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Affiliation(s)
- E de S Leal
- Laboratório de Evolução Molecular, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 862-8o andar, 04023-062 São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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15
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Yu ML, Chuang WL, Dai CY, Lu SN, Wang JH, Huang JF, Chen SC, Lin ZY, Hsieh MY, Tsai JF, Wang LY, Chang WY. The serological and molecular epidemiology of GB virus C/hepatitis G virus infection in a hepatitis C and B endemic area. J Infect 2001; 42:61-6. [PMID: 11243756 DOI: 10.1053/jinf.2000.0785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the serological and molecular characteristics of GB virus C/hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV) infection in the hepatitis C virus (HCV)/hepatitis B virus (HBV)-endemic areas in Taiwan. METHODS Sera from 200 residents from Masago, an HCV/HBV-endemic community in Taiwan, and 400 blood donors were tested for GBV-C/HGV RNA by using nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and for antibodies to GBV-C/HGV E2-protein (anti-E2) by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Phylogenetic analysis of GBV-C/HGV was performed. RESULTS The prevalence of GBV-C/HGV viraemia, anti-E2 and GBV-C/HGV exposure among residents of Masago was significantly higher than that among donors (17.0%, 25.5% and 39.5% vs. 3.3%, 7.5% and 10.3%, respectively; all P < 0.0001). In Masago, the prevalence of GBV-C/HGV exposure was significantly higher in residents exposed to HCV than in those without HCV exposure (45.8% vs. 24.1%;P< 0.005). Based on multivariate analyses, HCV viraemia was the only significant factor associated with elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase in Masago. Phylogenetic analysis showed all 34 GBV-C/HGV isolates from Masago clustered within genotype 3. CONCLUSIONS GBV-C/HGV was highly prevalent in Masago, an HCV/HBV-endemic community in Taiwan. HCV viraemia played the most important clinical hepatopathic role in the area. Infections with other hepatitis viruses did not influence the anti-E2 seroconversion from GBV-C/HGV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Yu
- Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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16
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Yu ML, Chuang WL, Wang LY, Dai CY, Chiou SS, Sung MH, Chang CS, Chen SC, Wang CS, Chang TT, Chang WY. Status and natural course of GB virus C/hepatitis G virus infection among high-risk groups and volunteer blood donors in Taiwan. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2000; 15:1404-10. [PMID: 11197051 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1746.2000.02359.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemophilia, thalassemia and uremia patients are at risk of parenterally transmitted infectious agents. The status and nature of the course of GB virus C/hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV) infection among these groups and blood donors in Taiwan was investigated. METHODS Serum GBV-C HGV-RNA and antibodies to GBV-C/HGV envelope-2-protein (anti-E2) were determined in 500 blood donors and in 44 hemophilia, 37 thalassemia and 85 uremia patients. Phylogenetic analysis was performed. RESULTS The prevalence of GBV-C/HGV-RNA and anti-E2, respectively, was 38.6 and 27.3% in hemophilia patients, 27.0 and 27.3% in thalassemia patients, 14.1 and 10.6% in uremia patients and 3.4 and 7.2% in blood donors. The prevalence of GBV-C HGV exposure was 59.1 and 51.4% in hemophilia and thalassemia patients, respectively, which was significantly higher than that for uremia patients (22.4%; P < 0.01) and blood donors (10.2%; P < 0.001). The anti-E2 seroconversion rate was 66.7% in blood donors and 47.4, 36.8 and 34.6% in thalassemia, uremia (P < 0.05 compared with blood donors) and hemophilia (P < 0.01 compared with blood donors) patients, respectively. Discrepancies in the prevalence of GBV-C HGV and hepatitis C virus infection were found among the three risk groups. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 51 of 56 GBV-C HGV isolates clustered in group 3; the remaining five were of group 2a. Twelve of 39 viremic patients in the risk groups cleared the virus during the 4 year follow-up period; seven developed concomitant anti-E2 reactivity. CONCLUSIONS GB virus C hepatitis G virus infection is epidemic among risk groups and GBV-C HGV group 3 is the major strain in Taiwan. In the risk groups, approximately 18% of infections resolve with concomitant anti-E2 seroconversion within 4 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan, Republic of China
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17
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Abstract
The list of potential hepatotrophic viruses continues to grow, with the recent discovery of the GB virus-C, the TT virus, and the SEN virus. Prevalence rates of the GB virus-C have ranged from 1.2% to 13% among healthy blood donors from all over the world. Higher prevalence rates have been reported among intravenous drug users. Similarly, the TT virus has a global distribution. However, in spite of numerous reports of the presence of both of these viruses in various kinds of liver diseases, definite evidence linking it to a specific disease or illness is lacking. The SEN virus is thought to be a novel viral agent that may be linked to cryptogenic chronic hepatitis, but data are awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Menon
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street, SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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