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Könönen E. Polymicrobial infections with specific Actinomyces and related organisms, using the current taxonomy. J Oral Microbiol 2024; 16:2354148. [PMID: 38766462 PMCID: PMC11100438 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2024.2354148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Actinomyces organisms reside on mucosal surfaces of the oropharynx and the genitourinary tract. Polymicrobial infections with Actinomyces organisms are increasingly being reported in the literature. Since these infections differ from classical actinomycosis, lacking of specific clinical and imaging findings, slow-growing Actinomyces organisms can be regarded as contaminants or insignificant findings. In addition, only limited knowledge is available about novel Actinomyces species and their clinical relevance. The recent reclassifications have resulted in the transfer of several Actinomyces species to novel genera Bowdeniella, Gleimia, Pauljensenia, Schaalia, or Winkia. The spectrum of diseases associated with specific members of Actinomyces and these related genera varies. In human infections, the most common species are Actinomyces israelii, Schaalia meyeri, and Schaalia odontolytica, which are typical inhabitants of the mouth, and Gleimia europaea, Schaalia turicensis, and Winkia neuii. In this narrative review, the purpose was to gather information on the emerging role of specific organisms within the Actinomyces and related genera in polymicrobial infections. These include Actinomyces graevenitzii in pulmonary infections, S. meyeri in brain abscesses and infections in the lower respiratory tract, S. turicensis in skin-related infections, G. europaea in necrotizing fasciitis and skin abscesses, and W. neuii in infected tissues around prostheses and devices. Increased understanding of the role of Actinomyces and related species in polymicrobial infections could provide improved outcomes for patient care. Key messages Due to the reclassification of the genus, many former Actinomyces species belong to novel genera Bowdeniella, Gleimia, Pauljensenia, Schaalia, or Winkia.Some of the species play emerging roles in specific infection types in humans.Increasing awareness of their clinical relevance as an established or a putative pathogen in polymicrobial infections brings about improved outcomes for patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eija Könönen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Zhou J, Zhang S, Zhang G, Yang J, Lai XH, Pu J, Jin D, Lu S, Huang Y, Zhu W, Huang Y, Xu M, Lei W, Cheng Y, Liu L, Xu J. Characterization of isolates of members of the genus Actinomyces from Marmota himalayana: description of Actinomyces faecalis sp. nov., Actinomyces respiraculi sp. nov., and Actinomyces trachealis sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71. [PMID: 34252022 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Six novel strains (ZJ34T, ZJ561, ZJ750T, ZJ1629, zg-993T and zg-987) isolated from faeces and respiratory tracts of Marmota himalayana from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of PR China were characterized comprehensively. The results of analyses of the 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences indicated that the six strains represent three novel species of the genus Actinomyces, and are closely related to Actinomyces urogenitalis DSM 15434T (16S rRNA gene sequences similarities, 94.9-98.7 %), Actinomyces weissii CCUG 61299T (95.6-96.6 %), Actinomyces bovis CCTCC AB2010168T (95.7 %) and Actinomyces bowdenii DSM 15435T (95.2-96.4 %), with values of digital DNA-DNA hybridization less than 30.1 % when compared with their closest relatives but higher than 70 % within each pair of novel strains (ZJ34T/ZJ561, ZJ750T/ZJ1629 and zg-993T/zg-987). All the novel strains had C18 : 1 ω9c and C16 : 0 as the two most abundant major fatty acids. MK-9(H4) or MK-8(H4) was the sole or predominant respiratory quinone of strains ZJ34T, ZJ750T and zg-993T and their polar lipid profiles differed, but all had diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidyl inositol mannoside as major components. ZJ750T shared identical peptidoglycan amino acid profile with ZJ34T (alanine, glutamic acid, lysine and ornithine) and the same whole-cell sugar composition with zg-993T (glucose, rhamnose and ribose). Strain zg-993T contained alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine and lysine in the peptidoglycan, and the only sugar in ZJ34T was ribose. The DNA G+C contents of the novel strains were within the range of 65.8-70.1 mol%. On the basis of the results from the aforementioned analyses, the six novel strains were classified as representing three novel species of genus Actinomyces, for which the names Actinomyces faecalis sp. nov. [type strain ZJ34T (=GDMCC 1.1952T=JCM 34355T)], Actinomyces respiraculi sp. nov. [type strain ZJ750T (=GDMCC 1.1950T=JCM 34356T)] and Actinomyces trachealis sp. nov. [type strain zg-993T (=GDMCC 1.1956T=JCM 34357T)] were proposed, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Sihui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China.,Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology & Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Gui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China.,Shanghai Institute for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, PR China.,Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Xin-He Lai
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biomolecular Recognition and Sensing, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Early Diagnosis of Major Diseases, Shangqiu Normal University, Shangqiu 476000, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Ji Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Dong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China.,Shanghai Institute for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, PR China.,Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Shan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China.,Shanghai Institute for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, PR China.,Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, PR China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Yuyuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Mingchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Wenjing Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, PR China
| | - Yanpeng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, PR China
| | - Liyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, PR China.,Shanghai Institute for Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai 201508, PR China.,Research Units of Discovery of Unknown Bacteria and Function, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, PR China.,Research Institute of Public Health, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
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3
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Al-Ahmad A, Wollensak K, Rau S, Guevara Solarte DL, Paschke S, Lienkamp K, Staszewski O. How Do Polymer Coatings Affect the Growth and Bacterial Population of a Biofilm Formed by Total Human Salivary Bacteria?-A Study by 16S-RNA Sequencing. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1427. [PMID: 34361863 PMCID: PMC8304871 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial surface modifications are required to prevent biomaterial-associated biofilm infections, which are also a major concern for oral implants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of three different coatings on the biofilm formed by human saliva. Biofilms grown from human saliva on three different bioactive poly(oxanorbornene)-based polymer coatings (the protein-repellent PSB: poly(oxanorbornene)-based poly(sulfobetaine), the protein-repellent and antimicrobial PZI: poly(carboxyzwitterion), and the mildly antimicrobial and protein-adhesive SMAMP: synthetic mimics of antimicrobial peptides) were analyzed and compared with the microbial composition of saliva, biofilms grown on uncoated substrates, and biofilms grown in the presence of chlorhexidine digluconate. It was found that the polymer coatings significantly reduced the amount of adherent bacteria and strongly altered the microbial composition, as analyzed by 16S RNA sequencing. This may hold relevance for maintaining oral health and the outcome of oral implants due to the existing synergism between the host and the oral microbiome. Especially the reduction of some bacterial species that are associated with poor oral health such as Tannerella forsythia and Fusobacterium nucleatum (observed for PSB and SMAMP), and Prevotella denticola (observed for all coatings) may positively modulate the oral biofilm, including in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Al-Ahmad
- Medical Center, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (K.W.); (S.R.); (D.L.G.S.)
| | - Kira Wollensak
- Medical Center, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (K.W.); (S.R.); (D.L.G.S.)
- Bioactive Polymer Synthesis and Surface Engineering Group, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK) and Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.P.); (K.L.)
| | - Sibylle Rau
- Medical Center, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (K.W.); (S.R.); (D.L.G.S.)
| | - Diana Lorena Guevara Solarte
- Medical Center, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (K.W.); (S.R.); (D.L.G.S.)
| | - Stefan Paschke
- Bioactive Polymer Synthesis and Surface Engineering Group, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK) and Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.P.); (K.L.)
| | - Karen Lienkamp
- Bioactive Polymer Synthesis and Surface Engineering Group, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK) and Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (S.P.); (K.L.)
- Institut für Materialwissenschaft und Werkstoffkunde, Universität des Saarlandes, Campus, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ori Staszewski
- Medical Center, Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
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5
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Relative reduction of biological and phylogenetic diversity of the oral microbiota of diabetes and pre-diabetes patients. Microb Pathog 2019; 128:215-229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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6
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Singhal N, Maurya AK, Virdi JS. Bacterial Whole Cell Protein Profiling: Methodology, Applications and Constraints. CURR PROTEOMICS 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570164615666180905102253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:In the era of modern microbiology, several methods are available for identification and typing of bacteria, including whole genome sequencing. However, in microbiological laboratories or hospitals where genomic based molecular typing methods and/or trained manpower are unavailable, whole cell protein profiling using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis might be a useful alternative/supplementary method for bacterial identification, strain typing and epidemiology. Whole cell protein profiling by SDS-PAGE is based on the principle that under standard growth conditions, a bacterial strain expresses the same set of proteins, the pattern of which can be used for bacterial identification.Objective:The objective of this review is to assess the current status of whole cell protein profiling by SDS-PAGE and its advantages and constraints for bacterial identification and typing.Results and Conclusions:Several earlier and recent studies prove the potential and utility of this technique as an adjunct or supplementary method for bacterial identification, strain typing and epidemiology. There is no denying the fact that utility of this technique as an adjunct or supplementary method for bacterial identification and typing has already been demonstrated and its practical applications need to be evaluated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelja Singhal
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi-110021, India
| | - Anay Kumar Maurya
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi-110021, India
| | - Jugsharan Singh Virdi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi-110021, India
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7
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Mbogning Fonkou M, Mailhe M, Ndongo S, Ricaboni D, Morand A, Cornu F, Tidjani Alou M, Bilen M, Andrieu C, Levasseur A, Cadoret F, Raoult D. Noncontiguous finished genome sequences and descriptions of Actinomyces ihuae, Actinomyces bouchesdurhonensis, Actinomyces urinae, Actinomyces marseillensis, Actinomyces mediterranea and Actinomyces oralis sp. nov. identified by culturomics. New Microbes New Infect 2018; 25:30-44. [PMID: 29992027 PMCID: PMC6036942 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The taxonogenomic approach, including the culturomics techniques, is now currently used to isolate and characterize new bacteria. These approaches notably allowed us to discover six new species of the Actinomyces genus: Actinomyces ihuae strain SD1, Actinomyces bouchesdurhonensis strain Marseille-P2825, Actinomyces urinae strain Marseille-P2225, Actinomyces marseillensis strain Marseille-P2818, Actinomyces mediterranea strain Marseille-P3257 and Actinomyces oralis strain Marseille-P3109. Each is the type strain of the corresponding bacterial species. 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence comparison was used to classify these strains among the Actinomyces genus. These strains are all Gram positive, rod shaped and facultative aerobic. We describe the main characteristics of each bacterium and present their complete genome sequence and annotation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - D. Raoult
- Aix Marseille Université, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
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Nouioui I, Carro L, García-López M, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Woyke T, Kyrpides NC, Pukall R, Klenk HP, Goodfellow M, Göker M. Genome-Based Taxonomic Classification of the Phylum Actinobacteria. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2007. [PMID: 30186281 PMCID: PMC6113628 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of phylogenetic taxonomic procedures led to improvements in the classification of bacteria assigned to the phylum Actinobacteria but even so there remains a need to further clarify relationships within a taxon that encompasses organisms of agricultural, biotechnological, clinical, and ecological importance. Classification of the morphologically diverse bacteria belonging to this large phylum based on a limited number of features has proved to be difficult, not least when taxonomic decisions rested heavily on interpretation of poorly resolved 16S rRNA gene trees. Here, draft genome sequences of a large collection of actinobacterial type strains were used to infer phylogenetic trees from genome-scale data using principles drawn from phylogenetic systematics. The majority of taxa were found to be monophyletic but several orders, families, and genera, as well as many species and a few subspecies were shown to be in need of revision leading to proposals for the recognition of 2 orders, 10 families, and 17 genera, as well as the transfer of over 100 species to other genera. In addition, emended descriptions are given for many species mainly involving the addition of data on genome size and DNA G+C content, the former can be considered to be a valuable taxonomic marker in actinobacterial systematics. Many of the incongruities detected when the results of the present study were compared with existing classifications had been recognized from 16S rRNA gene trees though whole-genome phylogenies proved to be much better resolved. The few significant incongruities found between 16S/23S rRNA and whole genome trees underline the pitfalls inherent in phylogenies based upon single gene sequences. Similarly good congruence was found between the discontinuous distribution of phenotypic properties and taxa delineated in the phylogenetic trees though diverse non-monophyletic taxa appeared to be based on the use of plesiomorphic character states as diagnostic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Nouioui
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lorena Carro
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Marina García-López
- Department of Microorganisms, Leibniz Institute DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jan P. Meier-Kolthoff
- Department of Microorganisms, Leibniz Institute DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Tanja Woyke
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, United States
| | - Nikos C. Kyrpides
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, United States
| | - Rüdiger Pukall
- Department of Microorganisms, Leibniz Institute DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Klenk
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Goodfellow
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Göker
- Department of Microorganisms, Leibniz Institute DSMZ – German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
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Actinomyces radicidentis and Actinomyces haliotis, coccoid Actinomyces species isolated from the human oral cavity. Anaerobe 2017. [PMID: 28647397 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
There are few reports on the bacterial species Actinomyces radicidentis in the literature. In this study, putative A. radicidentis isolates were collected from 16 root canal samples from 601 examined patients. The isolates were examined by biochemical tests, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, Arbitrarily-primed (AP-) PCR, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and MALDI-TOF analyses. In parallel, two A. radicidentis reference strains and two putative A. radicidentis isolates from United Kingdom were tested. Sixteen of the 18 isolates were confirmed as A. radicidentis. The remaining two isolates, both of which were isolated from root canals (one from Sweden and the other from the UK), but were identified as Actinomyces haliotis by sequencing ∼ 1300 base pairs of the 16S rRNA-gene. This isolates had a divergent, but between them similar, AP-PCR pattern, and a common distribution of sequence signatures in the 16S rRNA gene, but were not identified by MALDI-TOF. A. haliotis is a close relative to A. radicidentis, hitherto only been described from a sea-snail. The identity of A. haliotis was confirmed by a phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences with species specific sequences included, and by additional biochemical tests. The examined bacteria exhibited similar antibiotic susceptibility patterns when tested for 10 separate antibiotic classes with E-tests (bioMérieux). The MIC90 for β-lactams (benzylpenicillin and cefuroxime) and vancomycin was 0.5 mg/L, for colistin and ciprofloxacin 8 mg/mL and for the other antibiotic classes ≤ 25 mg/mL The isolation of A. haliotis from infected dental root canals cast doubt on the accepted opinion that all Actinomyces infections have an endogenous source.
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Meng X, Lu S, Wang Y, Lai XH, Wen Y, Jin D, Yang J, Bai X, Zhang G, Pu J, Lan R, Xu J. Actinomyces vulturis sp. nov., isolated from Gyps himalayensis. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017. [PMID: 28629509 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Two strains of Gram-stain-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-spore-forming short rods (VUL7T and VUL8) were isolated from rectal swabs of Old World vultures, namely Gyps himalayensis, in Tibet-Qinghai Plateau, China. Optimal growth occurred at 37 °C, pH 6-7, with 1 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences classified the two strains to the genus Actinomyces, with highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (95 %) to type strains of Actinomyces haliotis, Actinomyces radicidentis and Actinomyces urogenitalis. The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c and C16 : 0. MK-10(H4) was the major respiratory quinone. The genomic DNA G+C content of the isolate was 54.4 mol%. DNA-DNA hybridization values with the most closely related species ofthe genusActinomyces was 24.6 %. The two strains can be differentiated from the most closely related species such as A. haliotis, A. radicidentis, A. graevenitzii and A. urogenitalis by a list of carbohydrate fermentations and enzyme activities. On the basis of physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic analysis, strains VUL7T and VUL8 represent novel species of the genus Actinomyces, for which the name Actinomyces vulturis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is VUL7T (=CGMCC 4.7366T=DSM 103437T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Shan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Yiting Wang
- Institute for Immunization and Prevention, Beijing Center for Diseases Prevention and Control, Beijing 100013, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Xin-He Lai
- Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, PR China
| | - Yumeng Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Dong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Xiangning Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Gui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Ji Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Riuting Lan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Shanghai Institute for Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Jinshan, Shanghai, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing 102206, PR China
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11
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Diesendorf N, Köhler S, Geißdörfer W, Grobecker-Karl T, Karl M, Burkovski A. Characterisation of Roseomonas mucosa isolated from the root canal of an infected tooth. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:212. [PMID: 28615078 PMCID: PMC5471672 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-017-2538-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The genus Roseomonas comprises a group of pink-pigmented, slow-growing, aerobic, non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria, which have been isolated from environmental sources such as water and soil, but are also associated with human infections. In the study presented here, Roseomonas mucosa was identified for the first time as part of the endodontic microbiota of an infected root canal and characterised in respect to growth, antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm formation. Results The isolated R. mucosa strain showed strong slime formation and was resistant to most β-lactam antibiotics, while it was susceptible to aminoglycosides, carbapenemes, fluorochinolones, polymyxines, sulfonamides and tetracyclines. Biofilm formation on artificial surfaces (glass, polystyrene, gutta-percha) and on teeth was tested using colorimetric and fluorescence microscopic assays. While solid biofilms were formed on glass surfaces, on the hydrophobic surface of gutta-percha points, no confluent but localised, spotty biofilms were observed. Furthermore, R. mucosa was able form biofilms on dentin. The data obtained indicate that R. mucosa can support establishment of endodontic biofilms and furthermore, infected root canals might serve as an entrance pathway for blood stream infections by this emerging pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Diesendorf
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Professur für Mikrobiologie, Staudtstr. 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Köhler
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Professur für Mikrobiologie, Staudtstr. 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Walter Geißdörfer
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum ErlangenMikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Wasserturmstr. 3-5, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tanja Grobecker-Karl
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum ErlangenMikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Wasserturmstr. 3-5, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Karl
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Zahnklinik 2, Glückstr. 11, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Klinik für Zahnärztliche Prothetik und Werkstoffkunde, Homburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Burkovski
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Professur für Mikrobiologie, Staudtstr. 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
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13
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Abstract
Actinomyces israelii has long been recognized as a causative agent of actinomycosis. During the past 3 decades, a large number of novel Actinomyces species have been described. Their detection and identification in clinical microbiology laboratories and recognition as pathogens in clinical settings can be challenging. With the introduction of advanced molecular methods, knowledge about their clinical relevance is gradually increasing, and the spectrum of diseases associated with Actinomyces and Actinomyces-like organisms is widening accordingly; for example, Actinomyces meyeri, Actinomyces neuii, and Actinomyces turicensis as well as Actinotignum (formerly Actinobaculum) schaalii are emerging as important causes of specific infections at various body sites. In the present review, we have gathered this information to provide a comprehensive and microbiologically consistent overview of the significance of Actinomyces and some closely related taxa in human infections.
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14
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Molecular detection of bacteria associated to dental caries in 4-12-year-old Tunisian children. Microb Pathog 2014; 71-72:32-6. [PMID: 24814824 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The occurrence of several microbial species in the oral cavity of 4-12-year-old Tunisian children was investigated. Samples were taken from 158 children (81 caries actives and 77 caries free). Genomic DNA was extracted and analyzed for the presence of 17 microbial species using a polymerase chain reaction assay. All samples were positive for at least one of the target microbial strains. Streptococcus mutans was the most prevalent species (76.5%) detected in genomic DNA collected from carious lesions. Other prevalent species were Candida spp (63%), Streptococcus salivarius (59%) and Streptococcus oralis (42%). The frequency of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus casei-group in caries lesions was 29.5%, 34.5% and 22% respectively. Pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus was found in 28.5% of carious lesion samples compared to 15.5% in the control. Frequency of Porphyromonas endodontali, Actinomyces radicidentis and Treponema denticola recovery did not differ significantly between origins of samples. PCR analysis of genomic DNA detect various oral bacteria that differ between caries actives and caries-free children. In addition, the association of same aciduric bacteria (S. mutans, S. salivarius, L. acidophilus) and caries formation was noticed.
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15
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Actinomyces haliotis sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from the gut of an abalone, Haliotis discus hannai. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2014; 64:456-461. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.055350-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel, Gram-staining-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile and coccus-shaped bacterium, strain WL80T, was isolated from the gut of an abalone, Haliotis discus hannai, collected from the northern coast of Jeju in Korea. Optimal growth occurred at 30 °C, pH 7–8 and with 1 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain WL80T fell within the cluster of the genus
Actinomyces
, with highest sequence similarity to the type strains of
Actinomyces radicidentis
(98.8 % similarity) and
Actinomyces urogenitalis
(97.0 % similarity). The major cellular fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c and C16 : 0. Menaquinone-10 (H4) was the major respiratory quinone. The genomic DNA G+C content of the isolate was 70.4 mol%. DNA–DNA hybridization values with closely related strains indicated less than 7.6 % genomic relatedness. The results of physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic and genotypic analyses indicated that strain WL80T represents a novel species of the genus
Actinomyces
, for which the name Actinomyces haliotis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is WL80T ( = KACC 17211T = JCM 18848T).
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16
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Verma S, Verma GK, Shanker V, Kanga A, Singh G, Gupta N, Tegta GR, Sharma J, Garg A. Pediatric cervicofacial actinomycosis disclosing an underlying congenital dermoid cyst. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2014; 11:281-3. [PMID: 24932203 PMCID: PMC4052658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric cervicofacial actinomycosis is a rare occurrence consequent to dental infections and manipulations or maxillofacial trauma. The clinical presentation ranges from multiple draining sinuses to swellings resembling tumors and cysts. The present unusual case had congenital dermoid cyst of mid upper lip with Actinomyces israelii infection identified on microscopy, culture, and histopathology. A successful outcome in the present case was obtained using combination of medical and surgical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santwana Verma
- Department of Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Santwana Verma, Department of Microbiology, IGMC, Shimla - 171 001, India. E-mail:
| | | | - Vinay Shanker
- Department of Dermatology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India
| | - Anil Kanga
- Department of Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neelam Gupta
- Department of Pathology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India
| | - Geeta Ram Tegta
- Department of Dermatology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India
| | - Jatin Sharma
- Department of Dermatology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India
| | - Aarti Garg
- Department of Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, India
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17
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Kaya D, Demirezen Ş, Hasçelik G, Gülmez Kıvanç D, Beksaç MS. Comparison of PCR, culturing and Pap smear microscopy for accurate diagnosis of genital Actinomyces. J Med Microbiol 2013; 62:727-733. [PMID: 23378560 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.053165-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the genus Actinomyces, Gram-positive, non-spore-forming anaerobic bacteria, are normal inhabitants of the mucosal surfaces of the oral, gastrointestinal and genital tracts. Identification of these bacteria using conventional methods is generally difficult because of their complex transport and growth requirements and their fastidious and slow-growing nature. However, in recent years, the advancement of molecular techniques has provided much improved identification and differentiation of closely related Actinomyces species. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of the PCR technique in the diagnosis of genital Actinomyces in comparison with culturing and Papanicolaou (Pap) smear microscopy. Multiple sampling was conducted from 200 women using smear microscopy, culturing and PCR. Cyto-brushes were smeared on glass slides and stained using the routine Pap technique. Culturing was performed from a sterile swab, and Actinomyces were determined using the BBL Crystal ANR ID kit. PCR was performed from a second swab, and the Actinomyces type was determined using type-specific primers designed in our laboratory. Only one vaginal fluid sample (0.5%) revealed Actinomyces-like organisms on Pap smear examination. Actinomyces were detected in nine samples (4.5%) using the BBL Crystal ANR ID kit. Using PCR, eight samples (4%) were found positive for Actinomyces. No specimens that gave positive results by Pap smear microscopy and culturing could be confirmed by PCR. Pap smear microscopy and culturing were both found to have zero sensitivity for Actinomyces. PCR appears to be a sensitive and reliable diagnostic method for the detection of Actinomyces, which are difficult to cultivate from genital samples. PCR can be used for diagnostic confirmation in cases diagnosed by conventional methods, to prevent false-positive results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Kaya
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 06800 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şayeste Demirezen
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 06800 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gülşen Hasçelik
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dolunay Gülmez Kıvanç
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sinan Beksaç
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 06100 Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
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18
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Yamane K, Nambu T, Yamanaka T, Ishihara K, Tatami T, Mashimo C, Walker CB, Leung KP, Fukushima H. Pathogenicity of exopolysaccharide-producing Actinomyces oris isolated from an apical abscess lesion. Int Endod J 2012; 46:145-54. [PMID: 22900599 PMCID: PMC3557718 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2012.02099.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Aim To demonstrate a capacity for producing exopolysaccharides (EPSs) and an ability to form biofilm on abiotic materials of Actinomyces oris strain K20. Methodology The productivity of EPSs and the ability to form biofilm of strain K20 were evaluated by measuring viscosity of spent culture media and by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the biofilm assay on microtitre plates, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the chemical composition of the viscous materials. To examine the role of the viscous materials attributable to the pathogenicity in this organism, the ability of strain K20 to induce abscess formation was compared in mice to that of ATCC 27044. Results The viscosity of the spent culture media of K20 was significantly higher than that of ATCC 27044. Strain K20 showed dense meshwork structures around the cells and formed biofilms on microtitre plates, whereas ATCC 27044 did not. Chemical analysis of the viscous materials revealed that they were mainly composed of neutral sugars with mannose constituting 77.5% of the polysaccharides. Strain K20 induced persistent abscesses in mice lasting at least 5 days at a concentration of 108 cells mL−1, whereas abscesses induced by ATCC 27044 healed and disappeared or decreased in size at day 5. Conclusions Strain K20 produced EPSs, mainly consisting of mannose, and formed biofilms. This phenotype might play an important role for A. oris to express virulence through the progression of apical periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yamane
- Department of Bacteriology, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, Japan.
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19
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Tamura M, Ochiai K. Exploring the possible applications of catechin (gel) for oral care of the elderly and disabled individuals. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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20
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Tamura M, Saito H, Kikuchi K, Ishigami T, Toyama Y, Takami M, Ochiai K. Antimicrobial Activity of Gel-Entrapped Catechins toward Oral Microorganisms. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:638-43. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muneaki Tamura
- Department of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
- Division of Immunology and Pathobiology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Hideo Saito
- Department of Partial Denture Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Kuniyoshi Kikuchi
- Department of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
- Division of Immunology and Pathobiology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Tomohiko Ishigami
- Department of Partial Denture Prosthodontics, Nihon University School of Dentistry
- Division of Clinical Research, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Yoshio Toyama
- Medical Nutrition Section, Nutrition Foods Department, Division of Research and Development, Research and Development Center, Meiji Dairies Corporation
| | - Masao Takami
- Nuritional Evaluation, Product Development Section, Nutritional Marketing Department II, Nutritional Consolidated Marketing Division, Meiji Dairies Corporation
| | - Kuniyasu Ochiai
- Department of Microbiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
- Division of Immunology and Pathobiology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
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21
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Jakubovics NS, Gill SR, Vickerman MM, Kolenbrander PE. Role of hydrogen peroxide in competition and cooperation between Streptococcus gordonii and Actinomyces naeslundii. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2008; 66:637-44. [PMID: 18785881 PMCID: PMC2820160 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2008.00585.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In dental plaque alpha-haemolytic streptococci, including Streptococcus gordonii, are considered beneficial for oral health. These organisms produce hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) at concentrations sufficient to kill many oral bacteria. Streptococci do not produce catalase yet tolerate H(2)O(2). We recently demonstrated that coaggregation with Actinomyces naeslundii stabilizes arginine biosynthesis in S. gordonii. Protein arginine residues are sensitive to oxidation by H(2)O(2). Here, the ability of A. naeslundii to protect S. gordonii against self-produced H(2)O(2) was investigated. Coaggregation with A. naeslundii enabled S. gordonii to grow in the absence of arginine, and promoted survival of S. gordonii following growth with or without added arginine. Arginine-replete S. gordonii monocultures contained 20-30 microM H(2)O(2) throughout exponential growth. Actinomyces naeslundii did not produce H(2)O(2) but synthesized catalase, removed H(2)O(2) from coaggregate cultures and decreased protein oxidation in S. gordonii. On solid medium, S. gordonii inhibited growth of A. naeslundii; exogenous catalase overcame this inhibition. In coaggregate cultures, A. naeslundii cell numbers were >90% lower than in monocultures after 24 h. These results indicate that coaggregation with A. naeslundii protects S. gordonii from oxidative damage. However, high cell densities of S. gordonii inhibit A. naeslundii. Therefore, H(2)O(2) may drive these organisms towards an ecologically balanced community in natural dental plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven R. Gill
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo School of Dentistry, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - M. Margaret Vickerman
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo School of Dentistry, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Paul E. Kolenbrander
- Oral Infection and Immunity Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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22
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Nair PNR, Brundin M, Sundqvist G, Sjögren U. Building biofilms in vital host tissues: a survival strategy of Actinomyces radicidentis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 106:595-603. [PMID: 18602301 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2008.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2008] [Accepted: 05/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the ability of Actinomyces radicidentis to survive and establish in soft connective tissue that grew into subcutaneously implanted tissue cages in Sprague-Dawley rats. STUDY DESIGN Known concentrations of A. radicidentis suspension, grown on blood agar and broth cultures, were inoculated into tissue cages in rats. The cage contents were retrieved after 7, 14, and 28 days for culturing and correlative light and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Cell suspensions harvested from both types of cultures showed substantial decline in numbers in tissue cages during the observation period. However, correlative light and transmission electron microscopy revealed numerous aggregates of coccoid bacteria already by 7 days of observation compared with the formation of well established colonies with characteristic actinomycotic features by 14 days after inoculation. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the pathogenicity of A. radicidentis is due to its ability to form large aggregates of cells held together by embedding themselves in an extracellular matrix in vital host tissues. Thus, A. radicidentis, like other pathogenic Actinomyces, existing in the protected biofilm-environment can collectively evade destruction and elimination by host defenses, including phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P N R Nair
- Institute of Oral Biology, Center of Dental and Oral Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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23
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Hall V. Actinomyces--gathering evidence of human colonization and infection. Anaerobe 2007; 14:1-7. [PMID: 18222714 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2007.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2007] [Accepted: 12/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The roles of the 'classical'Actinomyces spp. as colonizers of oral cavities of man and animals, in development of intra-oral infections and as agents of actinomycosis have been well documented. This mini-review focuses on perceptions of human colonization and infection that have emerged in the past decade, largely as a result of advances in classification, identification and direct detection from clinical material. Arguably, of the greatest importance is the recognition of actinomycosis as a major factor and indicator of poor prognosis in both infected osteoradionecrosis and bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws. Among recently described species, Actinomyces graevenitzii has been isolated almost exclusively from oral and respiratory sites and may be a causative agent of actinomycosis. Conversely, several other Actinomyces spp. are isolated commonly from superficial soft tissue infections. Members of the genus Actinobaculum, which is closely related to Actinomyces, are strongly associated with urosepsis. Isolation and identification of Actinomyces and related genera by conventional methods remain difficult. Diagnosis is commonly belated and based solely upon histological findings. Development of direct detection methods may aid patient management and further elucidate clinical associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Val Hall
- Anaerobe Reference Unit, NPHS Microbiology Cardiff, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK.
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24
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An D, Cai S, Dong X. Actinomyces ruminicola sp. nov., isolated from cattle rumen. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2006; 56:2043-2048. [PMID: 16957097 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.64059-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two obligate anaerobic bacterial strains, B71Tand D471, were isolated from cattle rumen. The novel strains were Gram-positive and rod-shaped. The strains hydrolysed xylan and starch, fermented some mono-, di- and oligosaccharides and produced formic, acetic and lactic acids as end products from glucose. Growth of the isolates was observed at 20–55 °C and pH 6.5–9.0. The DNA G+C contents of strains B71Tand D471 were 68.06 and 68.26 mol%, respectively. Although the two novel strains met the genus description forActinomyces, some phenotypic characteristics, such as optimum growth temperature, requirement for O2and the end products of fermentation, distinguished them from previously described members of the genus. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strains belonged to the genusActinomyces(88.3–93.6 % sequence similarity) and formed a distinct line within the clade containingActinomyces bovis. On the basis of these results, a novel species,Actinomyces ruminicolasp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is B71T(=JCM 13352T=CGMCC 1.5030T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengdi An
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Beijing 100080, PR China
| | - Shichun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Beijing 100080, PR China
| | - Xiuzhu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Beijing 100080, PR China
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25
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Sarkonen N, Könönen E, Eerola E, Könönen M, Jousimies-Somer H, Laine P. Characterization of Actinomyces species isolated from failed dental implant fixtures. Anaerobe 2005; 11:231-7. [PMID: 16701573 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2005.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2003] [Revised: 10/12/2004] [Accepted: 01/08/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In the oral cavity, Actinomyces form a fundamental component of the indigenous microflora, being among initial colonizers in polymicrobial biofilms. However, some differences may exist between different species in terms of their attachment not only to teeth but also to biomaterials. In this study we investigated the distribution of Actinomyces in 33 dental implant fixtures explanted from 17 patients. The identification was based on comprehensive biochemical testing and gas-liquid chromatography and when needed, 16S rRNA sequencing. Actinomyces was the most prevalent bacterial genus in these failed implants, colonizing 31/33 (94%) of the fixtures. Proportions of Actinomyces growth of the total bacterial growth in the Actinomyces-positive fixtures varied from 0.01% up to 75%. A. odontolyticus was the most common Actinomyces finding, present in 26/31 (84%) Actinomyces-positive fixtures. Actinomyces naeslundii and A. viscosus were both detected in 10/31 (32%) and A. israelii in 7/31 (23%) fixtures. Other Actinomyces species, including A. georgiae, A. gerencseriae and A. graevenitzii, were detected less frequently. Our results suggest that Actinomyces species are frequent colonizers on failed implant surfaces, where A. odontolyticus was the far most prominent Actinomyces species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Sarkonen
- Anaerobe Reference Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, National Public Health Institute (KTL), Mannerheimintie 166, FIN-00300 Helsinki, Finland.
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26
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Hall V, Collins MD, Lawson PA, Falsen E, Duerden BI. Actinomyces dentalis sp. nov., from a human dental abscess. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2005; 55:427-431. [PMID: 15653913 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.63376-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A previously undescribed filamentous, beaded, Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from pus of a human dental abscess. Based on its cellular morphology and the results of biochemical testing the organism was tentatively identified as a member of the genus Actinomyces, but it did not correspond to any currently recognized species of this genus. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed the bacterium represents a distinct subline within the genus Actinomyces, clustering within a group of species that includes Actinomyces bovis, the type species of the genus. Sequence divergence values of >8 % with other recognized species within this phylogenetic group clearly demonstrated that the organism represents a hitherto unknown species. Based on biochemical and molecular phylogenetic evidence, it is proposed that the unidentified organism recovered from a dental abscess be classified as a novel species, Actinomyces dentalis sp. nov. The type strain is R18165T (=CCUG 48064T=CIP 108337T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Val Hall
- Anaerobe Reference Laboratory, NPHS Microbiology Cardiff, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
| | | | - Paul A Lawson
- School of Food Biosciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Enevold Falsen
- Culture Collection, Department of Clinical Bacteriology, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Brian I Duerden
- Anaerobe Reference Laboratory, NPHS Microbiology Cardiff, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
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27
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Kerttula AM, Carlson P, Sarkonen N, Hall V, Könönen E. Enzymatic/biochemical analysis of Actinomyces with commercial test kits with an emphasis on newly described species. Anaerobe 2005; 11:99-108. [PMID: 16701539 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2004.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2004] [Revised: 11/19/2004] [Accepted: 11/29/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In clinical microbiology laboratories, the identification of Actinomyces-like bacteria can be very laborious and problematic. In the present study, we focused on reactivity patterns of 4 commercial test kits, RapID ANA II, RapID 32A, RapID CB Plus, and BBL Crystal ANR ID, that could be used for rapid preliminary identification of Actinomyces isolates belonging to newly described Actinomyces and closely related species. Out of the 54 strains tested, 25 strains (46%) were correctly identified to the genus/group level by BBL Crystal ANR ID system, 16 strains (30%) by RapID 32 A, 11 strains (20%) by RapID CB Plus, and 7 strains (13%) by RapID ANA II. The main problems with these kits were due to occasional weak enzymatic and sugar fermentation reactions. In conclusion, chromogenic substrate sensitivity and specificity need to be enhanced in order to improve the reliability of the test results of these kits, and the present database updated in order to more precisely identify newly described Actinomyces and closely related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Kerttula
- Anaerobe Reference Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, National Public Health Institute (KTL), Mannerheimintie 166, 00300 Helsinki, Finland.
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Santala AM, Sarkonen N, Hall V, Carlson P, Jousimies-Somer H, Könönen E. Evaluation of four commercial test systems for identification of actinomyces and some closely related species. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42:418-20. [PMID: 14715795 PMCID: PMC321693 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.42.1.418-420.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated four commercially available kits for rapid identification of Actinomyces and related species. The kits identified correctly 26 to 65% of "classical" Actinomyces strains to the species level and 13 to 49% of newly described Actinomyces strains to the genus level, thus indicating relatively poor applicability and a need to update these kits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Santala
- Anaerobe Reference Laboratory, National Public Health Institute (KTL), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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29
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Niemi LD, Johansson I. Salivary statherin peptide-binding epitopes of commensal and potentially infectious Actinomyces spp. delineated by a hybrid peptide construct. Infect Immun 2004; 72:782-7. [PMID: 14742521 PMCID: PMC321590 DOI: 10.1128/iai.72.2.782-787.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion of microorganisms to host receptor molecules such as salivary statherin molecules is a common event in oral microbial colonization. Here we used a hybrid peptide construct (with both a hydroxyapatite-binding portion and a test peptide portion) to map the interaction of Actinomyces species (and Candida albicans) with statherin. Adhesion to hybrid peptides and truncated statherin variants revealed three binding types, types I to III. (i) Type I strains of rat, hamster, and human infection origins bound C-terminal-derived QQYTF and PYQPQY peptides. The QQYTF peptide inhibited statherin binding for some strains but not for others. (ii) Type II strains of human and monkey tooth origins bound middle-region-derived YQPVPE and QPLYPQ peptides. Neither strain was inhibited by soluble peptides. (iii) Type III strains of human infection origins (and C. albicans) did not bind to either statherin-derived peptides or truncated statherin. Moreover, the type I strains inhibited by QQYTF were also inhibited by TF and QAATF peptides and were detached from statherin by the same peptides. In conclusion, it is suggested that commensal and potentially infectious microorganisms bind middle or C-terminal statherin differently and that other microbes might require discontinuous epitopes.
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Abstract
There have been major recent reorganizations among bacterial taxa as a result of phylogenetic taxonomic approaches. As a consequence, old species have been renamed and novel species have been proposed. The introduction of molecular technology for microbial identification has also allowed the detection of microbial taxa never previously found in endodontic infections. Therefore, the list of putative endodontic pathogens is frequently changing and expanding. The purpose of this review is twofold: to cover the taxonomic changes that the major putative endodontic pathogens have undergone in the recent years and to compile data from studies regarding the detection of known or novel bacterial species that had been only recently reported to occur in endodontic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- José F Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Sundqvist G, Figdor D. Life as an endodontic pathogen. Ecological differences between the untreated and root-filled root canals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-1546.2003.00054.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hall V, Collins MD, Hutson RA, Inganäs E, Falsen E, Duerden BI. Actinomyces oricola sp. nov., from a human dental abscess. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2003; 53:1515-1518. [PMID: 13130041 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.02576-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A previously undescribed Actinomyces-like bacterium was isolated from a human dental abscess. Based on its cellular morphology and the results of biochemical testing the organism was tentatively identified as a member of the genus Actinomyces, but it did not correspond to any currently recognized species of this genus. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed the bacterium represents a hitherto unknown subline within the genus Actinomyces, clustering within a group of species, which includes Actinomyces bovis, the type species of the genus. Based on biochemical and molecular phylogenetic evidence, it is proposed that the unknown organism recovered from a dental abscess be classified as a new species, Actinomyces oricola sp. nov. The type strain of Actinomyces oricola is R5292(T) (=CCUG 46090(T)=CIP 107639(T)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Val Hall
- Anaerobe Reference Unit, PHLS, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
| | | | - Roger A Hutson
- School of Food Biosciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Elisabeth Inganäs
- Culture Collection, Department of Clinical Bacteriology, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Enevold Falsen
- Culture Collection, Department of Clinical Bacteriology, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Brian I Duerden
- Anaerobe Reference Unit, PHLS, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
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Hall V, Collins MD, Lawson PA, Falsen E, Duerden BI. Actinomyces nasicola sp. nov., isolated from a human nose. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2003; 53:1445-1448. [PMID: 13130031 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.02582-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A previously undescribed facultatively anaerobic, catalase-negative, Actinomyces-like bacterium was isolated from the nose of a human. On the basis of its cellular morphology and the results of biochemical testing, the micro-organism was tentatively identified as a member of the genus Actinomyces, but it did not correspond to any currently recognized species. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed the bacterium to be a hitherto unknown subline within the genus Actinomyces, displaying sequence divergence values of more than 6 % with respect to recognized species of the genus. On the basis of biochemical, molecular chemical and molecular phylogenetic evidence, it is proposed that the unknown organism, strain R2014(T) (=CCUG 46092(T)=CIP 107668(T)), be classified as the type strain of a novel species, Actinomyces nasicola sp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Val Hall
- Anaerobe Reference Unit, Public Health Laboratory Service, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Paul A Lawson
- School of Food Biosciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Enevold Falsen
- Culture Collection, Department of Clinical Bacteriology, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Brian I Duerden
- Anaerobe Reference Unit, Public Health Laboratory Service, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
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Siqueira JF, Rôças IN. Polymerase chain reaction detection of Propionibacterium propionicus and Actinomyces radicidentis in primary and persistent endodontic infections. ORAL SURGERY, ORAL MEDICINE, ORAL PATHOLOGY, ORAL RADIOLOGY, AND ENDODONTICS 2003; 96:215-22. [PMID: 12931096 DOI: 10.1016/s1079-2104(03)00158-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Propionibacterium propionicus and the recently described species Actinomyces radicidentis have been isolated from infections of endodontic origin; nevertheless, the possibility exists that their actual prevalence may have been underestimated by culture. The purpose of our study was to assess the occurrence of these 2 species in different types of endodontic infections by using the sensitive 16S rDNA-based nested polymerase chain reaction approach. STUDY DESIGN To detect these 2 species, nested polymerase chain reaction was performed directly in samples taken from primary endodontic infections associated with asymptomatic periradicular lesions, acute apical periodontitis, or acute periradicular abscesses and in samples from patients in whom endodontic therapy had failed. DNA was extracted from the samples and initially amplified by using universal 16S rDNA primers. In the second round of amplification, the first polymerase chain reaction products were used to detect a specific 16S rDNA fragment of either P propionicus or A radicidentis. RESULTS P propionicus was detected in 6/21 (29%) root canal samples from teeth with chronic periradicular lesions, in 5/10 (50%) cases diagnosed as acute apical periodontitis, and in 7/19 (37%) pus samples aspirated from acute periradicular abscesses. Overall, this species was found in 18/50 (36%) samples taken from primary endodontic infections. Of the root canal samples obtained from root-filled teeth with chronic periradicular lesions, P propionicus was detected in 7/12 (58%) cases. A radicidentis was detected in 1/21 (5%) root canal samples from teeth with chronic periradicular lesions and in 1/10 (10%) cases of acute apical periodontitis. No pus sample yielded this species. In general, A radicidentis was detected in 2/50 (4%) samples taken from primary endodontic infections and in 1/12 (8%) root canal samples taken from patients in whom endodontic treatment had failed. CONCLUSIONS P propionicus was found in a relatively large number of patients with primary and persistent endodontic infections. This strengthens the assumption that this bacterial species is an endodontic pathogen associated with different forms of periradicular diseases. In contrast, A radicidentis was only occasionally detected in the patients examined. The role played by this species in endodontic infections remains to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- José F Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Hall V, Collins MD, Hutson RA, Falsen E, Inganäs E, Duerden BI. Actinobaculum urinale sp. nov., from human urine. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2003; 53:679-682. [PMID: 12807186 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.02422-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A hitherto undescribed Actinomyces-like bacterium was isolated from human urine. Based on its biochemical characteristics, the unidentified bacterium did not correspond to any currently described Actinomyces species or related taxa. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the unknown bacterium exhibits a specific phylogenetic association with the genus Actinobaculum, but a sequence divergence of > 5% from the two currently recognized members of this genus, Actinobaculum schaalii and Actinobaculum suis, demonstrates that it represents a distinct species. Based on both phenotypic and 16S rRNA gene sequence considerations, it is proposed that the unknown bacterium from urine should be classified as a novel species, Actinobaculum urinale sp. nov. The type strain of Actinobaculum urinale is CCUG 46093(T) (= CIP 107424(T)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Val Hall
- Anaerobe Reference Unit, PHLS, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
| | | | - Roger A Hutson
- School of Food Biosciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Enevold Falsen
- Culture Collection, Department of Clinical Bacteriology, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Inganäs
- Culture Collection, Department of Clinical Bacteriology, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Brian I Duerden
- Anaerobe Reference Unit, PHLS, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK
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Hall V, Collins MD, Hutson R, Inganäs E, Falsen E, Duerden BI. Actinomyces vaccimaxillae sp. nov., from the jaw of a cow. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2003; 53:603-606. [PMID: 12710633 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.02439-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A previously undescribed Actinomyces-like bacterium was isolated from a lesion in the jaw of a cow. Based on its cellular morphology and the results of biochemical testing, the organism was tentatively identified as a member of the genus Actinomyces. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed that the bacterium represents a hitherto unknown species within the genus Actinomyces, and is related to a group of species that includes Actinomyces turicensis and its close relatives. It is proposed that the unknown organism be classified as Actinomyces vaccimaxillae sp. nov. (the type strain is CCUG 46091T =CIP 107423T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Val Hall
- Anaerobe Reference Unit, PHLS, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Roger Hutson
- School of Food Biosciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Elisabeth Inganäs
- Culture Collection, Department of Clinical Bacteriology, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Enevold Falsen
- Culture Collection, Department of Clinical Bacteriology, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Brian I Duerden
- Anaerobe Reference Unit, PHLS, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
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Hall V, Collins MD, Lawson PA, Hutson RA, Falsen E, Inganas E, Duerden B. Characterization of some actinomyces-like isolates from human clinical sources: description of Varibaculum cambriensis gen nov, sp nov. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41:640-4. [PMID: 12574260 PMCID: PMC149689 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.41.2.640-644.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifteen strains of an anaerobic, catalase-negative, gram-positive diphtheroid-shaped bacterium recovered from human sources were characterized by phenotypic and molecular chemical and molecular genetic methods. The unidentified bacterium showed some resemblance to Actinomyces species and related taxa, but biochemical testing, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of whole-cell proteins, and amplified 16S ribosomal DNA restriction analysis indicated the strains were distinct from all currently named Actinomyces species and related taxa. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed that the bacterium represents a hitherto-unknown phylogenetic line that is related to but distinct from Actinomyces, Actinobaculum, Arcanobacterium, and Mobiluncus: We propose, on the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence, that the unknown bacterium from human clinical specimens should be classified as a new genus and species, Varibaculum cambriensis gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Varibaculum cambriensis sp. nov. is CCUG 44998(T) = CIP 107344(T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Val Hall
- Anaerobe Reference Unit, Public Health Laboratory Service, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
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40
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Westling K, Lidman C, Thalme A. Tricuspid valve endocarditis caused by a new species of actinomyces: Actinomyces funkei. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2002; 34:206-7. [PMID: 12030396 DOI: 10.1080/00365540110077425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We present a case of tricuspid valve endocarditis in a 40-y-old woman with a history of heroin abuse. Blood cultures yielded a Gram-positive rod, preliminarily identified as "Actinomyces turicensis-like", but subsequently formally described as Actinomyces funkei sp. nov. The patient was cured by prolonged treatment with 10 weeks of i.v. antibiotics followed by oral antibiotic treatment for 12 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Westling
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huddinge University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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41
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Hall V, Collins MD, Hutson R, Falsen E, Duerden BI. Actinomyces cardiffensis sp. nov. from human clinical sources. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40:3427-31. [PMID: 12202588 PMCID: PMC130680 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.40.9.3427-3431.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight strains of a previously undescribed catalase-negative Actinomyces-like bacterium were recovered from human clinical specimens. The morphological and biochemical characteristics of the isolates were consistent with their assignment to the genus Actinomyces, but they did not appear to correspond to any recognized species. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed the organisms represent a hitherto unknown species within the genus Actinomyces related to, albeit distinct from, a group of species which includes Actinomyces turicensis and close relatives. Based on biochemical and molecular genetic evidence, it is proposed that the unknown isolates from human clinical sources be classified as a new species, Actinomyces cardiffensis sp. nov. The type strain of Actinomyces cardiffensis is CCUG 44997(T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Val Hall
- Anaerobe Reference Unit, PHLS, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
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Clarridge JE, Zhang Q. Genotypic diversity of clinical Actinomyces species: phenotype, source, and disease correlation among genospecies. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40:3442-8. [PMID: 12202591 PMCID: PMC130750 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.40.9.3442-3448.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined the frequency distribution of Actinomyces spp. recovered in a routine clinical laboratory and investigated the clinical significance of accurate identification to the species level. We identified 92 clinical strains of Actinomyces, including 13 strains in the related Arcanobacterium-Actinobaculum taxon, by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and recorded their biotypes, sources, and disease associations. The clinical isolates clustered into 21 genogroups. Twelve genogroups (74 strains) correlated with a known species, and nine genogroups (17 strains) did not. The individual species had source and disease correlates. Actinomyces turicensis was the most frequently isolated species and was associated with genitourinary tract specimens, often with other organisms and rarely with inflammatory cells. Actinomyces radingae was most often associated with serious, chronic soft tissue abscesses of the breast, chest, and back. Actinomyces europaeus was associated with skin abscesses of the neck and genital areas. Actinomyces lingnae, Actinomyces gravenitzii, Actinomyces odontolyticus, and Actinomyces meyeri were isolated from respiratory specimens, while A. odontolyticus-like strains were isolated from diverse sources. Several of the species were commonly coisolated with a particular bacterium: Actinomyces israelii was the only Actinomyces spp. coisolated with Actinobacillus (Haemophilus) actinomycetemcomitans; Actinomyces meyeri was coisolated with Peptostreptococcus micros and was the only species other than A. israelii associated with sulfur granules in histological specimens. Most genogroups had consistent biotypes (as determined with the RapID ANA II system); however, strains were misidentified, and many codes were not in the database. One biotype was common to several genogroups, with all of these isolates being identified as A. meyeri. Despite the recent description of new Actinomyces spp., 19% of the isolates recovered in our routine laboratory belonged to novel genospecies. One novel group with three strains, Actinomyces houstonensis sp. nov., was phenotypically similar to A. meyeri and A. turicensis but was genotypically closest to Actinomyces neuii. A. houstonensis sp. nov. was associated with abscesses. Our data documented consistent site and disease associations for 21 genogroups of Actinomyces spp. that provide greater insights into appropriate treatments. However, we also demonstrated a complexity within the Actinomyces genus that compromises the biochemical identification of Actinomyces that can be performed in most clinical laboratories. It is our hope that this large group of well-defined strains will be used to find a simple and accurate biochemical test for differentiation of the species in routine laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill E Clarridge
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
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Sarkonen N, Könönen E, Summanen P, Könönen M, Jousimies-Somer H. Phenotypic identification of Actinomyces and related species isolated from human sources. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39:3955-61. [PMID: 11682514 PMCID: PMC88471 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.39.11.3955-3961.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2001] [Accepted: 08/21/2001] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in chemotaxonomic and molecular biology-based identification methods have clarified the taxonomy of the genus Actinomyces and have led to the recognition of several new Actinomyces and related species. Actinomyces-like gram-positive rods have increasingly been isolated from various clinical specimens. Thus, an easily accessible scheme for reliable differentiation at the species level is needed in clinical and oral microbiology laboratories, where bacterial identification is mainly based on conventional biochemical methods. In the present study we designed a two-step protocol that consists of a flowchart that describes rapid, cost-efficient tests for preliminary identification of Actinomyces and closely related species and an updated more comprehensive scheme that also uses fermentation reactions for accurate differentiation of Actinomyces and closely related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sarkonen
- Anaerobe Reference Laboratory, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland.
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44
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Hall V, Talbot PR, Stubbs SL, Duerden BI. Identification of clinical isolates of actinomyces species by amplified 16S ribosomal DNA restriction analysis. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39:3555-62. [PMID: 11574572 PMCID: PMC88388 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.39.10.3555-3562.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amplified 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) restriction analysis (ARDRA), using enzymes HaeIII and HpaII, was applied to 176 fresh and 299 stored clinical isolates of putative Actinomyces spp. referred to the Anaerobe Reference Unit of the Public Health Laboratory Service for confirmation of identity. Results were compared with ARDRA results obtained previously for reference strains and with conventional phenotypic reactions. Identities of some strains were confirmed by analysis of partial 16S rDNA sequences. Of the 475 isolates, 331 (70%) were clearly assigned to recognized Actinomyces species, including 94 isolates assigned to six recently described species. A further 52 isolates in 12 ARDRA profiles were designated as apparently resembling recognized species, and 44 isolates, in 18 novel profiles, were confirmed as members of genera other than Actinomyces. The identities of 48 isolates in nine profiles remain uncertain, and they may represent novel species of Actinomyces. For the majority of species, phenotypic results, published reactions for the species, and ARDRA profiles concurred. However, of 113 stored isolates originally identified as A. meyeri or resembling A. meyeri by phenotypic tests, only 21 were confirmed as A. meyeri by ARDRA; 63 were reassigned as A. turicensis, 7 as other recognized species, and 22 as unidentified actinomycetes. Analyses of incidence and clinical associations of Actinomyces spp. add to the currently sparse knowledge of some recently described species.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hall
- Anaerobe Reference Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology, and Public Health Laboratory, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff CF14 4XW, United Kingdom.
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