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Beshiru A, Igbinosa IH, Akinnibosun O, Ogofure AG, Dunkwu-Okafor A, Uwhuba KE, Igbinosa EO. Characterization of resistance and virulence factors in livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13235. [PMID: 38853154 PMCID: PMC11163002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63963-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The study investigated the economic concerns associated with livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) in livestock (cow), examining its connection to severe infections, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and virulence factors. The research, conducted in Edo State, Nigeria, analyzed 400 samples (200 rectal and 200 nasal swabs) collected between March 2018 and February 2019. MRSA prevalence was identified using conventional culture-based methods and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, revealing 63.5% (n = 254) for Staphylococcus aureus and 55% (n = 220) for MRSA. Of the 76 mecA-positive MRSA isolates, 64.5% (n = 49) exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR) while the remaining were sensitive to specific antimicrobials. Key virulence genes, such as PVL (81.6%; n = 62) and tsst-1 (44.7%; n = 34), were prevalent, along with AMR genes like mecC, tetM, ermA, ermC, vanA, and vanC. Staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) typing identified different types, notably II, IVa, and IVb. Biofilm formation, a crucial virulence factor varied in strength, is associated with icaA and icaB genes (p < 0.01). The findings highlighted substantial AMR and biofilm-forming capacity within LA-MRSA isolates, emphasizing the importance of ongoing surveillance for informed treatment strategies, AMR policies, and control measures against MDR staphylococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeni Beshiru
- Applied Microbial Processes & Environmental Health Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, 300283, Nigeria
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Western Delta University, Oghara, Nigeria
| | - Isoken H Igbinosa
- Applied Microbial Processes & Environmental Health Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, 300283, Nigeria
- Department of Environmental Management & Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, 300283, Nigeria
| | - Olajide Akinnibosun
- Applied Microbial Processes & Environmental Health Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, 300283, Nigeria
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Health Sciences, PMB 145, Otukpo, 927101, Otukpo, Nigeria
| | - Abraham G Ogofure
- Applied Microbial Processes & Environmental Health Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, 300283, Nigeria
| | - Afamefuna Dunkwu-Okafor
- Applied Microbial Processes & Environmental Health Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, 300283, Nigeria
| | - Kate E Uwhuba
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Western Delta University, Oghara, Nigeria
| | - Etinosa O Igbinosa
- Applied Microbial Processes & Environmental Health Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, 300283, Nigeria.
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2
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Morimura A, Taniguchi M, Takei H, Sakamoto O, Naono N, Akeda Y, Onozuka D, Yoshimura J, Tomono K, Kutsuna S, Hamaguchi S. Using novel micropore technology combined with artificial intelligence to differentiate Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6994. [PMID: 38523156 PMCID: PMC10961322 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55773-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Methods for identifying bacterial pathogens are broadly categorised into conventional culture-based microbiology, nucleic acid-based tests, and mass spectrometry. The conventional method requires several days to isolate and identify bacteria. Nucleic acid-based tests and mass spectrometry are relatively rapid and reliable, but they require trained technicians. Moreover, mass spectrometry requires expensive equipment. The development of a novel, inexpensive, and simple technique for identifying bacterial pathogens is needed. Through combining micropore technology and assembly machine learning, we developed a novel classifier whose receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed an area under the ROC curve of 0.94, which rapidly differentiated between Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis in this proof-of-concept study. Morphologically similar bacteria belonging to an identical genus can be distinguished using our method, which requires no specific training, and may facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of patients with bacterial infections in remote areas and in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Morimura
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masateru Taniguchi
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Takei
- Aipore Inc., 26-1 Sakuraoka-cho, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8512, Japan
| | - Osamu Sakamoto
- Aipore Inc., 26-1 Sakuraoka-cho, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8512, Japan
| | - Norihiko Naono
- Aipore Inc., 26-1 Sakuraoka-cho, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8512, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Akeda
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Daisuke Onozuka
- Department of Oral Microbe Control, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jumpei Yoshimura
- Department of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazunori Tomono
- Osaka Institute of Public Health, 1-3-3 Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kutsuna
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Oral Microbe Control, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Division of Fostering Required Medical Human Resources, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeto Hamaguchi
- Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Division of Fostering Required Medical Human Resources, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Department of Transformative Analysis for Human Specimen, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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3
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Ruffier d'Epenoux L, Fayoux E, Laurent F, Bémer P, Lecomte R, Le Tourneau T, Guillouzouic A, Corvec S. Staphylococcus succinus Infective Endocarditis, France. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:601-603. [PMID: 38407206 PMCID: PMC10902547 DOI: 10.3201/eid3003.230986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Infective endocarditis is a rare condition in humans and is associated with high illness and death rates. We describe a case of infective endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus succinus bacteria in France. We used several techniques for susceptibility testing for this case to determine the oxacillin profile.
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4
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Ruppeka-Rupeika E, Abakumov S, Engelbrecht M, Chen X, do Carmo Linhares D, Bouwens A, Leen V, Hofkens J. Optical Mapping: Detecting Genomic Resistance Cassettes in MRSA. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:8862-8873. [PMID: 38434835 PMCID: PMC10905696 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a multidrug-resistant bacterium with a global presence in healthcare facilities as well as community settings. The resistance of MRSA to beta-lactam antibiotics can be attributed to a mobile genetic element called the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), ranging from 23 to 68 kilobase pairs in length. The mec gene complex contained in SCCmec allows MRSA to survive in the presence of penicillin and other beta-lactam antibiotics. We demonstrate that optical mapping (OM) is able to identify the bacterium as S. aureus, followed by an investigation of the presence of kilobase pair range SCCmec elements by examining the associated OM-generated barcode patterns. By employing OM as an alternative to traditional DNA sequencing, we showcase its potential for the detection of complex genetic elements such as SCCmec in MRSA. This approach holds promise for enhancing our understanding of antibiotic resistance mechanisms and facilitating the development of targeted interventions against MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergey Abakumov
- Chemistry, KU Leuven Faculty of Science, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven, Flanders 3001, Belgium
| | | | - Xiong Chen
- Chemistry, KU Leuven Faculty of Science, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven, Flanders 3001, Belgium
| | | | - Arno Bouwens
- Perseus
Biomics B.V., Industriepark
6 bus 3, Tienen 3300, Belgium
| | - Volker Leen
- Perseus
Biomics B.V., Industriepark
6 bus 3, Tienen 3300, Belgium
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Chemistry, KU Leuven Faculty of Science, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven, Flanders 3001, Belgium
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz 55128, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany
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5
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Khedre AM, Ismail TG, Hashem GA, Zakaria IM. In vitro antibacterial activity and synergetic effect of crude extract of the Wohlfahrtia nuba (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) flesh fly larvae. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1373-1385. [PMID: 37338790 PMCID: PMC10484856 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01024-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant pathogens have become ubiquitous, and effective treatment alternatives are urgently required. Maggot therapy is a promising agent that is being studied to overcome antibiotic-resistant pathogens. This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of the larvae extract of the Wohlfahrtia nuba (wiedmann) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) flesh fly on the growth of five pathogenic bacterial species (methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus [ATCC 29213], methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [ATCC BAA-1680], Pseudomonas aeruginosa [ATCC 27853], Escherichia coli [ATCC 25922], and Salmonella typhi [ATCC 19430]) in vitro by using different techniques. Resazurin-based turbidimetric assay demonstrated that the W. nuba maggot exosecretion (ES) was potent against all the bacterial species tested, and according to the determined minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for each bacterium, gram-negative bacteria were more sensitive than gram-positive bacteria. Additionally, colony-forming unit assay showed that maggot ES was able to inhibit bacterial growth rate for all bacterial species tested, where the highest bacterial reduction was observed with methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) followed by S. typhi. Moreover, maggot ES was shown to be concentration-dependent, where 100 μL of ES at 200 mg/mL was bactericidal towards methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and P. aeruginosa compared with 100 μL at the MIC of the ES. Moreover, based on the result of agar disc diffusion assay, maggot extract was more efficient against P. aeruginosa and E. coli than the remaining reference strains tested. Furthermore, the combination between regular antibiotics with maggot ES at different concentrations indicated that ES acts synergistically with the tested antibiotics against the five bacterial models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza M. Khedre
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, P.O. Box: 82524, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Tarek G. Ismail
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, P.O. Box: 82524, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Gehad A. Hashem
- Microbiology Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Islam M. Zakaria
- Bacteriology Department, Animal Health Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
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6
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Cavaiuolo M, Lefebvre D, Mutel I, Vingadassalon N, Merda D, Hennekinne JA, Nia Y. First report of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus argenteus as a foodborne pathogen. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 394:110182. [PMID: 36965358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxins preformed in food are the causative agents of staphylococcal food poisoning outbreaks (SFPO). In this study we characterised in depth two coagulase-positive non-pigmented staphylococci involved in two independent outbreaks that occurred in France. While indistinguishable from Staphylococcus aureus using PCR methods and growth phenotype comparisons, both isolates were identified as Staphylococcus argenteus by whole genome sequencing. The genomes were analysed for the presence of enterotoxin genes, whose expression was determined in laboratory medium and, for the first time, in artificially-contaminated milk samples by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and ELISA methods. The concentration measured for the SEB toxin in milk (0.67 ng/ml) was comparable to concentrations reported for other types of enterotoxins behind SFPO. From a collection of publicly available genomes, we performed an unprecedented systematic investigation of the enterotoxin gene set of S. argenteus, including variants and pseudogenes. The most prevalent genes were sex, followed by sel26, sel27 and sey. The egc cluster was less frequent and most of the time carried a dysfunctional seg gene. Our results shed light on the enterotoxigenic properties of S. argenteus, and emphasize the importance in monitoring of S. argenteus as an emerging foodborne pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Cavaiuolo
- University Paris Est, ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, SBCL Unit, Maisons-Alfort location, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Donatien Lefebvre
- University Paris Est, ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, SBCL Unit, Maisons-Alfort location, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Isabelle Mutel
- University Paris Est, ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, SBCL Unit, Maisons-Alfort location, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Noémie Vingadassalon
- University Paris Est, ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, SBCL Unit, Maisons-Alfort location, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Déborah Merda
- University Paris Est, ANSES, SPAAD unit, Maisons-Alfort location, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Jacques-Antoine Hennekinne
- University Paris Est, ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, SBCL Unit, Maisons-Alfort location, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Yacine Nia
- University Paris Est, ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, SBCL Unit, Maisons-Alfort location, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
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7
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Raddaoui A, Chebbi Y, Bouchami O, Frigui S, Messadi AA, Achour W, Thabet L. Dissemination of epidemic ST239/ST241-t037-agrI-SCCmecIII methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Tunisian trauma burn intensive care unit. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2023; 70:52-60. [PMID: 36525058 DOI: 10.1556/030.2022.01884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important pathogen causing health care-infections in the world, especially in burns. The aim of this study was to assess the extent of dissemination of MRSA isolated from burn patients in Burn Intensive Care Unit in Tunisia and to evaluate the frequency of virulence and antibiotics resistance genes. Among the 72 S. aureus isolates analyzed in the study, 54% were MRSA. The majority of MRSA (94.8%) were multidrug resistant and they had a high resistance rates to kanamycin (94.8%), tobramycin (90%), tetracycline (94.8%) and ciprofloxacin and rifampicin (87%, each). The gene aac(6')-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia conferring resistance to kanamycine and tobtamycin were detected in all isolates and the aph(3')-Ia gene conferring resistance to gentamicin were detected in 2.8% of resistant isolates. Tetracycline resistance genes tet(M), tet(K) and tet(L) were detected in 100%, 10.8% and 2.8% of the isolates, respectively. The SCCmec type III and the agr type I were the most predominant (69.2% and 90%, respectively). The 27 SCCmecIII-agrI isolates were clustered into two PFGE types A and B. The two representative isolates of PFGE clusters A and B belonged to ST239-t037 and ST241-t037 respectively. As conclusion, our results showed a high prevalence of MRSA in trauma burn intensive care unit belonging to two multidrug resistant clones ST239/ST241-agrI-t037-SCCmecIII MRSA. We also demonstrated that MRSA was disseminated between burn patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anis Raddaoui
- 1Laboratory Ward, National Bone Marrow Transplant Center, 1006, Tunis, Tunisia.,2Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, LR18ES39, 1006, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Yosra Chebbi
- 1Laboratory Ward, National Bone Marrow Transplant Center, 1006, Tunis, Tunisia.,2Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, LR18ES39, 1006, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ons Bouchami
- 3Laboratory of Bacterial Evolutionand Molecular Epidemiology, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica (ITQB-NOVA) António Xavier, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Siwar Frigui
- 1Laboratory Ward, National Bone Marrow Transplant Center, 1006, Tunis, Tunisia.,2Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, LR18ES39, 1006, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amen Allah Messadi
- 4Burns Intensive Care Unit, Traumatology and Great Burned Center, 2074, Ben Arous, Tunisia
| | - Wafa Achour
- 1Laboratory Ward, National Bone Marrow Transplant Center, 1006, Tunis, Tunisia.,2Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, LR18ES39, 1006, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Lamia Thabet
- 5Laboratory Ward, Traumatology and Great Burned Center, 2074, Ben Arous, Tunisia
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8
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Santos GAC, Dropa M, Martone-Rocha S, Peternella FAS, Veiga DPB, Razzolini MTP. Microbiological monitoring of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus in public drinking water fountains: Pathogenicity factors, antimicrobial resistance and potential health risks. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2023; 21:361-371. [PMID: 37338316 PMCID: wh_2023_274 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2023.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The presence of opportunistic bacteria such as coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) in drinking water poses public health concerns because of its potential to cause human infection and due to its antimicrobial resistance (AMR) diversity. This study evaluated the occurrence, virulence markers and AMR of CoNS in 468 drinking water samples from 15 public fountains located in four urban parks of São Paulo city (Brazil). Out of 104 samples positive for the presence of Staphylococcus genus, we detected CoNS in 75 of them (16%), which did not meet the Brazilian sanitary standards for residual chlorine. All isolates were of concern to public health for being responsible for infection in humans from low to high severity, nine of them are considered the most of concern due to 63.6% being multiresistant to antimicrobials. The results demonstrated that CoNS in drinking water must not be neglected. It is concluded that the presence of resistant staphylococci in drinking water is a potential health risk, which urges feasible and quick control measures to protect human health, especially in crowded public places.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A C Santos
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil E-mail: ; NARA - Center for Research in Environmental Risk Assessment, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Dropa
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil E-mail:
| | - S Martone-Rocha
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil E-mail:
| | - F A S Peternella
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Denise P B Veiga
- NARA - Center for Research in Environmental Risk Assessment, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Tereza Pepe Razzolini
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil E-mail: ; NARA - Center for Research in Environmental Risk Assessment, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abramov VM, Kosarev IV, Machulin AV, Priputnevich TV, Deryusheva EI, Nemashkalova EL, Chikileva IO, Abashina TN, Panin AN, Melnikov VG, Suzina NE, Nikonov IN, Selina MV, Khlebnikov VS, Sakulin VK, Samoilenko VA, Gordeev AB, Sukhikh GT, Uversky VN, Karlyshev AV. Limosilactobacillus fermentum 3872 That Produces Class III Bacteriocin Forms Co-Aggregates with the Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains and Induces Their Lethal Damage. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12030471. [PMID: 36978338 PMCID: PMC10044573 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12030471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
LF3872 was isolated from the milk of a healthy lactating and breastfeeding woman. Earlier, the genome of LF3872 was sequenced, and a gene encoding unique bacteriocin was discovered. We have shown here that the LF3872 strain produces a novel thermolabile class III bacteriolysin (BLF3872), exhibiting antimicrobial activity against antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Sequence analysis revealed the two-domain structural (lysozyme-like domain and peptidase M23 domain) organization of BLF3872. At least 25% residues of this protein are expected to be intrinsically disordered. Furthermore, BLF3872 is predicted to have a very high liquid-liquid phase separation. According to the electron microscopy data, the bacterial cells of LF3872 strain form co-aggregates with the S. aureus 8325-4 bacterial cells. LF3872 produced bacteriolysin BLF3872 that lyses the cells of the S. aureus 8325-4 mastitis-inducing strain. The sensitivity of the antibiotic-resistant S. aureus collection strains and freshly isolated antibiotic-resistant strains was tested using samples from women with lactation mastitis; the human nasopharynx and oral cavity; the oropharynx of pigs; and the cows with a diagnosis of clinical mastitis sensitive to the lytic action of the LF3872 strain producing BLF3872. The co-cultivation of LF3872 strain with various antibiotic-resistant S. aureus strains for 24 h reduced the level of living cells of these pathogens by six log. The LF3872 strain was found to be able to co-aggregate with all studied S. aureus strains. The cell-free culture supernatant of LF3872 (CSLF3872) induced S. aureus cell damage and ATP leakage. The effectiveness of the bacteriolytic action of LF3872 strain did not depend on the origin of the S. aureus strains. The results reported here are important for the creation of new effective drugs against antibiotic-resistant strains of S. aureus circulating in humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav M. Abramov
- Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor) Federal State Budgetary Institution “The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality” (FGBU VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Igor V. Kosarev
- Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor) Federal State Budgetary Institution “The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality” (FGBU VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Machulin
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Science”, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Priputnevich
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgenia I. Deryusheva
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Science”, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Ekaterina L. Nemashkalova
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Science”, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Irina O. Chikileva
- Laboratory of Cell Immunity, Blokhin National Research Center of Oncology, Ministry of Health RF, 115478 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana N. Abashina
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Science”, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Alexander N. Panin
- Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor) Federal State Budgetary Institution “The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality” (FGBU VGNKI), 123022 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav G. Melnikov
- Gabrichevsky Research Institute for Epidemiology and Microbiology, 125212 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nataliya E. Suzina
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Science”, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Ilia N. Nikonov
- Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after K.I. Skryabin, 109472 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina V. Selina
- Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after K.I. Skryabin, 109472 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Vadim K. Sakulin
- Institute of Immunological Engineering, 142380 Lyubuchany, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Samoilenko
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center “Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of Russian Academy of Science”, Russian Academy of Science, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Alexey B. Gordeev
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennady T. Sukhikh
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Ministry of Health, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Andrey V. Karlyshev
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Health, Science, Social Care and Education, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK
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Vena A, Castaldo N, Magnasco L, Bavastro M, Limongelli A, Giacobbe DR, Bassetti M. Current and emerging drug treatment strategies to tackle invasive community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection: what are the challenges? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:331-346. [PMID: 36548447 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2022.2161885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections represent a leading cause of purulent skin and soft tissue infections in some geographical regions. Traditionally, 'old antibiotics' such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracyclines, clindamycin, chloramphenicol,vancomycin, and teicoplanin have been used to treat these infections, but these were often associated with low efficacy and excessive side effects and toxicity, especially nephrotoxicity. Along with the development of new compounds, the last decade has seen substantial improvements in the management of CA-MRSA infections. AREAS COVERED In this review, the authors discuss the current and emerging drug treatment strategies to tackle invasive CA-MRSA infections. Articles reported in this review were selected from through literature searches using the PubMed database. EXPERT OPINION The availability of new drugs showing a potent in vitro activity against CA-MRSA represents a unique opportunity to face the threat of resistance while potentially reducing toxicity. All these compounds represent promising options to enhance our antibiotic armamentarium. However, data regarding the use of these new drugs in real-life studies are limited and their best placement in therapy and in terms of optimization of medical resources and balance of cost-effectiveness requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Vena
- Infectious Diseases Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital-IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nadia Castaldo
- Department of Pulmonology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Laura Magnasco
- Infectious Diseases Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital-IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Martina Bavastro
- Infectious Diseases Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital-IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Limongelli
- Infectious Diseases Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital-IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniele Roberto Giacobbe
- Infectious Diseases Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital-IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Bassetti
- Infectious Diseases Unit, San Martino Policlinico Hospital-IRCCS for Oncology and Neurosciences, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Shoaib M, Aqib AI, Muzammil I, Majeed N, Bhutta ZA, Kulyar MFEA, Fatima M, Zaheer CNF, Muneer A, Murtaza M, Kashif M, Shafqat F, Pu W. MRSA compendium of epidemiology, transmission, pathophysiology, treatment, and prevention within one health framework. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1067284. [PMID: 36704547 PMCID: PMC9871788 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1067284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is recognized as commensal as well as opportunistic pathogen of humans and animals. Methicillin resistant strain of S. aureus (MRSA) has emerged as a major pathogen in hospitals, community and veterinary settings that compromises the public health and livestock production. MRSA basically emerged from MSSA after acquiring SCCmec element through gene transfer containing mecA gene responsible for encoding PBP-2α. This protein renders the MRSA resistant to most of the β-lactam antibiotics. Due to the continuous increasing prevalence and transmission of MRSA in hospitals, community and veterinary settings posing a major threat to public health. Furthermore, high pathogenicity of MRSA due to a number of virulence factors produced by S. aureus along with antibiotic resistance help to breach the immunity of host and responsible for causing severe infections in humans and animals. The clinical manifestations of MRSA consist of skin and soft tissues infection to bacteremia, septicemia, toxic shock, and scalded skin syndrome. Moreover, due to the increasing resistance of MRSA to number of antibiotics, there is need to approach alternatives ways to overcome economic as well as human losses. This review is going to discuss various aspects of MRSA starting from emergence, transmission, epidemiology, pathophysiology, disease patterns in hosts, novel treatment, and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shoaib
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Amjad Islam Aqib
- Department of Medicine, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Muzammil
- Department of Medicine, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Noreen Majeed
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Mahreen Fatima
- Faculty of Biosciences, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Afshan Muneer
- Department of Zoology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Maheen Murtaza
- Department of Zoology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kashif
- Department of Microbiology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Furqan Shafqat
- Department of Microbiology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Wanxia Pu
- Key Laboratory of New Animal Drug Project, Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Igbinosa EO, Beshiru A, Igbinosa IH, Ogofure AG, Ekundayo TC, Okoh AI. Prevalence, multiple antibiotic resistance and virulence profile of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in retail poultry meat from Edo, Nigeria. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1122059. [PMID: 36936767 PMCID: PMC10017849 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1122059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Staphylococcus aureus causes staphylococcal food poisoning and several difficult-to-treat infections. The occurrence and dissemination of methicillin-resistance S. aureus (MRSA) in Nigeria is crucial and well documented in hospitals. However, findings on MRSA from meat in the country are yet to be adequately reported. The current study determined the prevalence, virulence profile and antibiogram characteristics of MRSA from a raw chicken product from retail outlets within Edo. Methods A total of 368 poultry meat samples were assessed for MRSA using a standard culture-based approach and characterized further using a molecular method. The antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the isolates was determined using the disc diffusion method. The biofilm profile of the isolates was assayed via the crystal violet microtitre-plate method. Virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes were screened using polymerase chain reaction via specific primers. Results Of the samples tested, 110 (29.9%) were positive for MRSA. All the isolates were positive for deoxyribonuclease (DNase), coagulase and beta-hemolysis production. Biofilm profile revealed 27 (24.55%) weak biofilm formers, 18 (16.36%) moderate biofilm formers, and 39 (35.45%) strong biofilm formers. The isolates harboured 2 and ≤17 virulence genes. Enterotoxin gene profiling revealed that 100 (90.9%) isolates harboured one or more genes. Resistance against the tested antibiotics followed the order: tetracycline 64(58.2%), ciprofloxacin 71(64.6%), trimethoprim 71(64.6%) and rifampin 103(93.6%). A total of 89 isolates were multidrug-resistant, while 3 isolates were resistant to all 22 antibiotics tested. The isolates harboured antimicrobial-resistant determinants such as methicillin-resistant gene (mecA), tetracycline resistance genes (tetK, tetL), erythromycin resistance genes (ermA, ermC), trimethoprim resistance gene (dfrK). All the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) IVa and SCCmec V positive isolates harboured the Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Gene (PVL). Conclusion In conclusion, S. aureus was resistant to commonly used antibiotics; a concern to public health concerning the transmission of these pathogens after consuming these highlight the significance of antimicrobial and enterotoxigenic monitoring of S. aureus in food chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etinosa O. Igbinosa
- Applied Microbial Processes and Environmental Health Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
- Stellenosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS), Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Etinosa O. Igbinosa,
| | - Abeni Beshiru
- Applied Microbial Processes and Environmental Health Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
- Stellenosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS), Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Western Delta University, Oghara, Nigeria
| | - Isoken H. Igbinosa
- Applied Microbial Processes and Environmental Health Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Abraham G. Ogofure
- Applied Microbial Processes and Environmental Health Research Group, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Temitope C. Ekundayo
- South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Department of Microbiology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, Ondo, Nigeria
| | - Anthony I. Okoh
- South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Szymanek-Majchrzak K, Młynarczyk G. Genomic Insights of First ermB-Positive ST338-SCC mecV T/CC59 Taiwan Clone of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Poland. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158755. [PMID: 35955887 PMCID: PMC9369149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first Polish representative of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA), lukS/F-PV-positive, encoding the ermB gene, as a genetic determinant of constitutive resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin B antibiotics, cMLS-B. This is the first detection of the CA-MRSA strain responsible for nosocomial infection in the Warsaw Clinical Hospital. Resistance to β-lactams associates with a composite genetic element, SCCmec cassette type VT (5C2&5). We assigned the strain to sequence type ST338 (single-locus variant of ST59), clonal complex CC59, spa-type t437, and agr-type I. Genomic-based comparison was designated SO574/12 as an international Taiwan clone, which has been so far described mainly in the Asia-Pacific region. The ermB gene locates on the chromosome within the 14,690 bp mobile element structure, i.e., the MESPM1-like structure, which also encodes aminoglycoside- and streptothricin-resistance genes. The MESPM1-like structure is a composite transposon containing Tn551, flanked by direct repeats of IS1216V insertion sequences, which probably originates from Enterococcus. The ermB is preceded by the 273 bp regulatory region that contains the regulatory 84 bp ermBL ORF, encoding the 27 amino acid leader peptides. The latest research suggests that a new leader peptide, ermBL2, also exists in the ermB regulatory region. Therefore, the detailed function of ermBL2 requires further investigations.
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Impact of the WHO Integrated Stewardship Policy on the Control of Methicillin-Resistant Staphyloccus aureus and Third-Generation Cephalosporin-Resistant Escherichia coli: Using a Mathematical Modeling Approach. Bull Math Biol 2022; 84:97. [PMID: 35931917 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-022-01051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli (3GCREc) are community and hospital-associated pathogens causing serious infections among populations by infiltrating into hospitals and surrounding environment. These main multi-drug resistant or antimicrobial resistance (AMR) bacterial pathogens are threats to human health if not properly tackled and controlled. Tackling antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the issues for the World Health Organization (WHO) to design a comprehensive set of interventions which also helps to achieve the end results of the developing indicators proposed by the same organization. A deterministic mathematical model is developed and studied to investigate the impact of the WHO policy on integrated antimicrobial stewardship activities to use effective protection measures to control the spread of AMR diseases such as MRSA and 3GCREc in hospital settings by incorporating the contribution of the healthcare workers in a hospital and the environment in the transmission dynamics of the diseases. The model also takes into account the parameters describing various intervention measures and is used to quantify their contribution in containing the diseases. The impact of combinations of various possible control measures on the overall dynamics of the disease under study is investigated. The model analysis suggests that the contribution of the interventions: screening and isolating the newly admitted patients, improving the hygiene in hospital settings, decolonizing the pathogen carriers, and increasing the frequency of disinfecting the hospital environment are effective tools to contain the disease from invading the population. The study revealed that without any intervention, the diseases will continue to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the affected communities. In addition, the study indicates that a coordinated implementation of the integrated control measures suggested by WHO is more effective in curtailing the spread of the diseases than piecemeal strategies. Numerical experiments are provided to support the theoretical analysis.
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Yueh CM, Chi H, Chiu NC, Huang FY, Tsung-Ning Huang D, Chang L, Kung YH, Huang CY. Etiology, clinical features, management, and outcomes of skin and soft tissue infections in hospitalized children: A 10-year review. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY, AND INFECTION = WEI MIAN YU GAN RAN ZA ZHI 2022; 55:728-739. [PMID: 35283045 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to describe the etiology, clinical features, hospital course, and outcomes of hospitalized children with skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) and to test if clinical and laboratory variables at admission could differentiate between community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) and community-acquired methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (CA-MSSA). METHODS We reviewed the clinical, laboratory, treatment, and outcome data for children hospitalized with SSTIs, aged 0-18 years at MacKay Children's Hospital between 2010 and 2019. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of CA-MRSA and CA-MSSA SSTIs. RESULTS A total of 1631 patients were enrolled. Erysipelas/cellulitis (73.8%) was the most common pediatric SSTI type, followed by acute lymphadenitis (13.6%) and abscess/furuncle/carbuncle (8.6%). Among the 639 culture-positive isolates (purulent SSTIs), 142 (22.2%) were CA-MSSA and 363 (56.8%) were CA-MRSA. The age group 0-1 month (OR, 6.52; 95% CI 1.09-38.92; P = 0.04) and local lymph node reaction (OR, 2.47; 95% CI 1.004-6.08; P = 0.049) were independent factors for differentiating children with CA-MSSA from those with CA-MRSA SSTIs. MRSA isolates in our cohort were highly susceptible to glycopeptides (100%), linezolid (100%), daptomycin (100%), and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (98.6%) but were significantly less susceptible to clindamycin compared with MSSA (34.2% vs. 78.2%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION S. aureus is the leading pathogen of culture-proven SSTIs in hospitalized children with MRSA accounting for more than half. Determining the optimal empirical antibiotics in CA-SSTIs may rely on the patient's age, disease severity, and local epidemiologic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ming Yueh
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children's Hospital and MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin Chi
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children's Hospital and MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medicine College, New Taipei, Taiwan; MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Chang Chiu
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children's Hospital and MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Yuan Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children's Hospital and MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Daniel Tsung-Ning Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children's Hospital and MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lung Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children's Hospital and MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsin Kung
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children's Hospital and MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ying Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Children's Hospital and MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medicine College, New Taipei, Taiwan.
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Molecular Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158088. [PMID: 35897667 PMCID: PMC9332259 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper discusses the mechanisms of S. aureus drug resistance including: (1) introduction. (2) resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, with particular emphasis on the mec genes found in the Staphylococcaceae family, the structure and occurrence of SCCmec cassettes, as well as differences in the presence of some virulence genes and its expression in major epidemiological types and clones of HA-MRSA, CA-MRSA, and LA-MRSA strains. Other mechanisms of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics will also be discussed, such as mutations in the gdpP gene, BORSA or MODSA phenotypes, as well as resistance to ceftobiprole and ceftaroline. (3) Resistance to glycopeptides (VRSA, VISA, hVISA strains, vancomycin tolerance). (4) Resistance to oxazolidinones (mutational and enzymatic resistance to linezolid). (5) Resistance to MLS-B (macrolides, lincosamides, ketolides, and streptogramin B). (6) Aminoglycosides and spectinomicin, including resistance genes, their regulation and localization (plasmids, transposons, class I integrons, SCCmec), and types and spectrum of enzymes that inactivate aminoglycosides. (7). Fluoroquinolones (8) Tetracyclines, including the mechanisms of active protection of the drug target site and active efflux of the drug from the bacterial cell. (9) Mupirocin. (10) Fusidic acid. (11) Daptomycin. (12) Resistance to other antibiotics and chemioterapeutics (e.g., streptogramins A, quinupristin/dalfopristin, chloramphenicol, rifampicin, fosfomycin, trimethoprim) (13) Molecular epidemiology of MRSA.
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Molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from pigs in Japan. Vet Microbiol 2022; 273:109523. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Goswami C, Fox S, Holden M, Leanord A, Evans TJ. Genomic Analysis of Global Staphylococcus argenteus Strains Reveals Distinct Lineages With Differing Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Gene Content. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:795173. [PMID: 34925305 PMCID: PMC8677677 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.795173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections due to Staphylococcus argenteus have been increasingly reported worldwide and the microbe cannot be distinguished from Staphylococcus aureus by standard methods. Its complement of virulence determinants and antibiotic resistance genes remain unclear, and how far these are distinct from those produced by S. aureus remains undetermined. In order to address these uncertainties, we have collected 132 publicly available sequences from fourteen different countries, including the United Kingdom, between 2005 and 2018 to study the global genetic structure of the population. We have compared the genomes for antibiotic resistance genes, virulence determinants and mobile genetic elements such as phages, pathogenicity islands and presence of plasmid groups between different clades. 20% (n = 26) isolates were methicillin resistant harboring a mecA gene and 88% were penicillin resistant, harboring the blaZ gene. ST2250 was identified as the most frequent strain, but ST1223, which was the second largest group, contained a marginally larger number of virulence genes compared to the other STs. Novel S. argenteus pathogenicity islands were identified in our isolates harboring tsst-1, seb, sec3, ear, selk, selq toxin genes, as well as chromosomal clusters of enterotoxin and superantigen-like genes. Strain-specific type I modification systems were widespread which would limit interstrain transfer of genetic material. In addition, ST2250 possessed a CRISPR/Cas system, lacking in most other STs. S. argenteus possesses important genetic differences from S. aureus, as well as between different STs, with the potential to produce distinct clinical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmika Goswami
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Fox
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Holden
- School of Medicine, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair Leanord
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Scottish Microbiology Reference Laboratories, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas J. Evans
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Hsiao YH, Imanishi I, Iyori K. Efficacy of olanexidine gluconate in canine superficial pyoderma: a randomised, single-blinded controlled trial. Vet Dermatol 2021; 32:664-e174. [PMID: 34796563 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topical treatments can be beneficial for managing canine superficial pyoderma. A novel antiseptic agent, olanexidine gluconate, has become available recently for use in humans, and its efficacy for canine pyoderma as topical therapy is unknown. OBJECTIVE The antimicrobial effect of olanexidine was evaluated using minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) towards Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. Furthermore, its clinical efficacy in canine superficial pyoderma was assessed in a randomized, single-blinded study. ANIMALS Twenty-eight client-owned dogs with atopic dermatitis and superficial pyoderma. METHODS AND MATERIALS The MIC of olanexidine was determined for S. pseudintermedius isolates (n=73) by serial dilution of 96-well broth microdilution method. Regarding the clinical trial, all recruited dogs were randomized into two groups; one treated with 1.5% olanexidine spray once daily and the other with a 3% chlorhexidine shampoo once a week for 2 times, respectively. Clinical assessment was performed at days 0 and 14 according to the guidelines of the Japanese Society of Antimicrobials for Animals. RESULTS The MIC values for methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius (MRSP) and methicillin-sensitive S. pseudintermedius (MSSP) were 0.23 μg/ml and 0.24 μg/ml (P =0.9), respectively. In clinical trial, olanexidine and chlorhexidine showed substantial improvement in clinical presentation compared to the baseline. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Olanexidine showed comparable efficacy to chlorhexidine (P=0.73). Moreover, the MIC against S. pseudintermedius indicated high bactericidal activity, which was supported by the topical effectiveness of olanexidine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hsia Hsiao
- Dermatological and Laboratory Service for Animals, Vet Derm Tokyo, 910 Shobusawa, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0823, Japan
| | - Ichiro Imanishi
- Department of Microbiology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Keita Iyori
- Dermatological and Laboratory Service for Animals, Vet Derm Tokyo, 910 Shobusawa, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0823, Japan
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Iyori K, Tamagawa S, Ide K, Nishifuji K. Clinical efficacy of artificially carbonated water bathing on superficial bacterial folliculitis in dogs. Vet Dermatol 2021; 33:36-e12. [PMID: 34747076 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bathing with artificially carbonated water is reported to be a valuable therapeutic option for various human skin disorders. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical efficacy of artificially carbonated water bathing on superficial bacterial folliculitis (SBF) caused by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (SP) in dogs. ANIMALS Nineteen dogs with SBF from whom SP was isolated from skin lesions were enrolled. METHODS AND MATERIALS Dogs with SBF were allocated randomly to either the artificially carbonated water bathing group or the control group bathed with tap water. The dogs were bathed with the designated water type on day (D)0, D7 and D14. Clinical scores and skin surface pH were evaluated on D0 and D21. Colony forming unit (cfu) assays were performed in vitro to investigate whether the artificially carbonated water affected growth of clinical SP isolates. RESULTS The mean rate of improvement in the clinical scores was significantly higher in the carbonated water group than in the control group. Dogs bathed with carbonated water exhibited significant decreases in their skin surface pH after bathing; dogs bathed with tap water did not. No dogs experienced significant adverse events. The cfus of SP incubated in vitro with artificially carbonated water did not significantly differ from those incubated with tap water. CONCLUSION Bathing with artificially carbonated water might be an effective and safe adjunctive therapy for canine SP-induced SBF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Iyori
- Vet Derm Tokyo, Dermatological and Laboratory Service for Animals, 910 Shoubusawa, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa, 252-0823, Japan.,Division of Animal Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | | | - Kaori Ide
- Division of Animal Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Koji Nishifuji
- Division of Animal Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
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Khalili H, Najar-Peerayeh S, Mahrooghi M, Mansouri P, Bakhshi B. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization of infectious and non-infectious skin and soft tissue lesions in patients in Tehran. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:282. [PMID: 34657594 PMCID: PMC8521987 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02340-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The most common clinical manifestations of Staphylococcus aureus strains in the community are skin and soft-tissue infections. S. aureus could colonize the body sites and complicate the pathogenesis of skin diseases. S. aureus colonization is a risk factor for severe conditions such as bone and joint infections, pneumonia, bacteremia, and endocarditis. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of S. aureus strains in skin and soft tissue infections and other skin disorders in patients referring to dermatology clinics and to evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern and molecular characteristics of S. aureus isolates. Methods Skin swabs were collected from the lesional sites in 234 outpatients referring to dermatology clinics in three hospitals in Tehran. Antibiotic susceptibility, biofilm formation, and hemolysis tests were performed for isolates. PCR was done for SCCmec typing, agr grouping, and virulence genes detecting. Results The prevalence of S. aureus strains among patients with skin and soft-tissue infections and other skin lesions was 44.77% (30/67) and 44.91% (75/167), respectively. Also, 59 (56.19%) isolates were MRSA, 35.57% were HA-MRSA, and 30.5% were CA-MRSA. The psmα gene was more prevalent (62.8%) among isolates, followed by hlaα (56.1%), tsst-1 (15.2%) eta (13.3%), etb (6.6%), and pvl (2.8%). The agr specificity groups I, II, III, and IV were identified in 49.5, 21.9, 11.4, and 14.2% of S. aureus isolates, respectively. Most (56%) S. aureus isolates produced a moderate biofilm, and 23.8% of them produced strong biofilms. α-hemolysin (46.6%), β-hemolysin (25.7%), γ-hemolysin (19%), and both α and β-hemolysin (5.7%) were also produced by isolates. Conclusion The present study results indicated high colonization of skin lesions by HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA clones; MRSA strains were more resistant to antibiotics, contained various toxin genes, and were able to form biofilms. Therefore, they could play a vital role in the pathogenesis of various skin diseases; also, they could spread and cause infections in other body sites. Eradication and decolonization strategies could prevent recurrent infections and the spread of resistant strains and improve skin conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haniyeh Khalili
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Najar-Peerayeh
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Mahrooghi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mansouri
- Department of research, Skin and Stem Cell Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bita Bakhshi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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22
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Liao F, Gu W, Fu X, Yuan B, Zhang Y. Comparison of virulence-related determinants between the ST59-t437 and ST239-t030 genotypes of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:264. [PMID: 34600473 PMCID: PMC8487106 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02329-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an important pathogen for human infection. Hospital-acquired (HA) and community-acquired (CA) MRSA infections are serious clinical problems worldwide. In this study, we selected typical HA-MRSA strain and CA-MRSA isolates from our previous research and compared their phenotypic and pathogenic abilities both in vitro and in vivo. Results ST59-t437-SCCmecIVa (YNSA7) and ST59-t437-SCCmecVb (YNSA53) belonged to two prevalent subclones of CA-MRSA, while ST239-t030-SCCmecIII (YNSA163) was an HA-MRSA epidemic clone in Southwest China. ST59-t437 strains demonstrated faster growth ability, higher survival rate resistance to human blood, and more toxin secretion levels and cytotoxicity than ST239-t030. The virulence and regulatory genes of hld, psm-α, RNAIII, agrA, and crtN were highly expressed on CA-MRSA isolates, especially the ST59-t437-SCCmecIVa subclone. However, the ST239-t030 strain had the strongest adhesion and biofilm ability among these MRSA bacteria. Animal experiments revealed the most serious lethal effect on BALB/c mice caused by the YNSA7 strain infection. The survival rates of BALB/c mice infected with the three MRSA strains were 16.7, 50.0 and 100.0% for YNSA7, YNSA53 and YNSA163, respectively. Histopathological analyses of infected animals indicated that the lungs were the most seriously damaged organs, especially for ST59-t437 MRSA. Severe inflammatory reactions, tissue destruction, and massive exudation of inflammatory mediators and cells could be identified in ST59-t437 strain-infected animals. Conclusions In general, ST59-t437 strains showed higher pathogenic ability than the ST239-t030 isolate, while ST239-t030 MRSA revealed the features prevalent in hospital settings, specifically for adhesion and biofilm ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liao
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.,The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 650022, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenpeng Gu
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 650022, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Fu
- Department of Acute Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Yunnan Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 650022, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Yuan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 650022, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, 650022, Kunming, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Kumar R. Mutations in passive residues modulate 3D-structure of NDM (New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase) protein that endue in drug resistance: a MD simulation approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:9492-9508. [PMID: 34034624 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1930165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The ability of antimicrobial resistance developed by bacteria enhanced the complexity of bacterial treatment leading a serious threat to human health. Production of β-lactamase by bacteria that inactivates β-lactam is a generic cause of resistance. One such β-lactamase enzyme is New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) which is recently reported to have clinically more importance and recognized as an antibiotic resistance marker. Mutations in active and passive residues of NDM protein play a fateful role in the substrate and inhibitor specificity. In this study, in silico point mutations of residues near the active site and flexible regions of protein were investigated. Hybrid modelling and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried to build up the mutant models and monitored structural stability. Molecular docking results articulated that mutant proteins had lesser binding affinities with methicillin, oxacillin and doripenem drugs. Further, to scrutinize the structural alterations and rescore the binding energies per-residue basis, MD simulations of wildtype (WT) and mutant (MT) NDM proteins with methicillin, oxacillin and doripenem were performed. Our results demonstrated that mutations in N193A, S217A, G219A and T262A residues led to protein destabilization and amend their binding affinities with methicillin, oxacillin and doripenem. The present study exploited computational approaches which displayed differential binding of drugs with WT and MT NDM proteins that confer resistance to oxacillin and doripenem. The study features the significance of passive residues, thus provides a clue to accelerate the process of designing an ergastic antibiotic against NDM protein. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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24
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Regecová I, Výrostková J, Zigo F, Gregová G, Kováčová M. Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance of Bacteria Staphylococcus chromogenes Isolated from Sheep's Milk and Cheese. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10050570. [PMID: 34066038 PMCID: PMC8150534 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10050570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial and multidrug resistance is detected in nonaureus staphylococci, including Staphylococcus chromogenes, which commonly causes intramammary infections. Recent clinical studies point to the presence of methicillin-resistant S. chromogenes. Therefore, this study aims to determine the prevalence of this species in samples of sheep‘s milk and cheeses made from them. Isolates were identified by polymerase chain reaction and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI–TOF). A total of 208 staphylococcal isolates were identified. Of these, 18% were identified as S. chromogenes. The antimicrobial resistance of the identified isolates was determined using the agar dilution method against penicillin, ceftaroline, teicoplanin, gentamicin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and ofloxacin. The highest resistance was found to penicillin (95%), tetracycline (86%), and oxacillin (81%). The highest sensitivity was confirmed for gentamicin (55%). The study also confirmed the presence of methicillin resistant staphylococcal isolates (30%) based on the phenotypic manifestation of antimicrobial resistance and detection of the presence of the mecA gene. The study shows that the tested isolates (62%) were multidrug resistant. Resistance to two antibiotics was most often found (39%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Regecová
- Department of Food Hygiene, Technology and Safety, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (I.R.); (M.K.)
| | - Jana Výrostková
- Department of Food Hygiene, Technology and Safety, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (I.R.); (M.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - František Zigo
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Husbandry, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Gabriela Gregová
- Department of Public Veterinary Medicine and Animal Welfare, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Mariana Kováčová
- Department of Food Hygiene, Technology and Safety, The University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia; (I.R.); (M.K.)
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25
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Aung MS, Urushibara N, Kawaguchiya M, Hirose M, Ike M, Ito M, Kobayashi N. Distribution of Virulence Factors and Resistance Determinants in Three Genotypes of Staphylococcus argenteus Clinical Isolates in Japan. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10020163. [PMID: 33546443 PMCID: PMC7913748 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus argenteus, a novel staphylococcal species independent of S. aureus, causes a wide spectrum of infectious diseases. As detection of this species from humans and animals has been increasingly reported worldwide, its growing virulence and drug resistance via external genetic determinants has become concerning. In this study, the prevalence and genetic characteristics of virulence factors and drug resistance determinants were investigated for 82 S. argenteus clinical isolates in Hokkaido, Japan, for a one-year period starting in August 2019. These S. argenteus isolates corresponded to 0.66% of the total number of S. aureus isolates collected in the same period. The most prevalent genotype was sequence type (ST) 2250 and staphylocoagulase (coa) genotype XId (45.1%, n = 37), followed by ST1223-coa XV (30.5%, n = 25) and ST2198-coa XIV (24.4%, n = 20). Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes (lukS-PV-lukF-PV) were identified in a single ST2250 isolate. Only ST1223 isolates had the enterotoxin gene cluster (egc-2), seb, and selw (detection rate; 100%, 60%, and 84%, respectively), while sec, sey, sel26-sel27, tst-1 were only detected in ST2250 isolates (detection rate; 10.8%, 100%, 67.6%, and 10.8%, respectively). ST2198 isolates harbored selx at a significantly higher rate (60%) than isolates of other STs. Although most of S. argenteus isolates were susceptible to antimicrobials examined, ST2198 showed higher resistance rates to penicillin, macrolides, and aminoglycosides than other STs, and it harbored various resistance genes such as blaZ, erm(C), msr(A), lnuA, and aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia. Only one ST2250 isolate possessed SCCmec-IVc, showing resistance to oxacillin. blaZ was the most prevalent determinant of resistance in the three STs and belonged to two plasmid groups and a chromosomal group, suggesting its diverse origin. lnu(A) in ST2198 isolates was assigned to a major cluster with various staphylococcal species. The present study indicates that the prevalence of virulence factors and drug resistance profile/determinants differ depending on the lineage (ST) of S. argenteus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiji Soe Aung
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (N.U.); (M.K.); (N.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-11-611-2111
| | - Noriko Urushibara
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (N.U.); (M.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Mitsuyo Kawaguchiya
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (N.U.); (M.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Mina Hirose
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu 061-0293, Japan;
| | - Miyo Ike
- Sapporo Clinical Laboratory, Incorporated, Hokkaido, Sapporo 060-0005, Japan; (M.I.); (M.I.)
| | - Masahiko Ito
- Sapporo Clinical Laboratory, Incorporated, Hokkaido, Sapporo 060-0005, Japan; (M.I.); (M.I.)
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan; (N.U.); (M.K.); (N.K.)
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26
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Evidence for the Dissemination to Humans of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 through the Pork Production Chain: A Study in a Portuguese Slaughterhouse. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8121892. [PMID: 33260448 PMCID: PMC7759831 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) ST398 was recovered from infections in humans exposed to animals, raising public health concerns. However, contact with food producing chain as a means of transmission of LA-MRSA to humans remains poorly understood. We aimed to assess if pork production chain is a source of MRSA ST398 for human colonization and infection. MRSA from live pigs, meat, the environment, and slaughterhouse workers were analyzed by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), spa, MLST typing, SNPs and for antibiotic resistance and virulence gene profiles. We compared core and accessory genomes of MRSA ST398 isolated from slaughterhouse and hospital. We detected MRSA ST398 (t011, t108, t1451) along the entire pork production chain (live pigs: 60%; equipment: 38%; meat: 23%) and in workers (40%). All MRSA ST398 were multidrug resistant, and the majority carried genes encoding biocide resistance and enterotoxins. We found 23 cross-transmission events between live pigs, meat, and workers (6–55 SNPs). MRSA ST398 from infection and slaughterhouse environment belonged to the same clonal type (ST398, t011, SCCmec V), but differed in 321–378 SNPs. Pork production chain can be a source of MRSA ST398 for colonization of human slaughterhouse workers, which can represent a risk of subsequent meat contamination and human infection.
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27
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Martins KB, Olmedo DWV, Paz MM, Ramos DF. Staphylococcus aureus and its Effects on the Prognosis of Bronchiectasis. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 27:823-834. [PMID: 33232626 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2020.0352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchiectasis, which is an abnormal and irreversible dilation of one or several bronchial segments, causes significant morbidity and impaired quality of life to patients, mainly as the result of recurrent and chronic respiratory infections. Staphylococcus aureus is a microorganism known for its high infectious potential related to the production of molecules with great pathogenic power, such as enzymes, toxins, adhesins, and biofilm, which determine the degree of severity of systemic symptoms and can induce exacerbated immune response. This review highlighted the clinical significance of S. aureus colonization/infection in bronchiectasis patients, since little is known about it, despite its increasing frequency of isolation and potential serious morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katheryne Benini Martins
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Médica (NUPEMM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences-School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daniel Wenceslau Votto Olmedo
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Médica (NUPEMM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences-School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Milene Machado Paz
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Médica (NUPEMM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences-School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daniela Fernandes Ramos
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Microbiologia Médica (NUPEMM), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences-School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande-FURG, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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28
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Genetic Factors Associated with Increased Host Defense Antimicrobial Peptide Resistance in Sequence Type 5 Healthcare-Associated MRSA Clinical Isolates. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101415. [PMID: 33036325 PMCID: PMC7599770 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequence type (ST) 72 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type IV (ST72-MRSA-IV) and ST5-MRSA-II are the most significant lineages found in community-associated (CA) and healthcare-associated (HA) environments in Korea, respectively. ST5 HA-MRSA-II tend to display enhanced resistance to host defense-cationic antimicrobial peptides (HD-CAPs) compared to ST72 CA-MRSA-IV and ST72 livestock-associated (LA)-MRSA-IV due to mechanisms involving a higher surface positive charge. Thus, the present study explored the genetic factors contributing to the enhanced HD-CAP resistance phenotype in ST5 MRSA strains. The ST5 HA-MRSA-II strains displayed higher levels of mprF and dltABCD expression compared to the ST72 CA-/LA-MRSA-IV strains. The increase in expression of mprF and dltABCD in ST5 HA-MRSA-II strains was correlated with dysregulation of the upstream transcriptional regulator, graRS. However, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within mprF and graRS ORFs were not involved in the enhanced surface positive charge or the altered expression of mprF/dltABCD.
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29
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Santos GAC, Dropa M, Rocha SM, Peternella FAS, Razzolini MTP. Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in drinking water fountains in urban parks. JOURNAL OF WATER AND HEALTH 2020; 18:654-664. [PMID: 33095190 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2020.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The presence of Staphylococcus aureus in drinking water is a concern because of its potential to cause human infection and also because of its multiple antimicrobial resistance. This study evaluated the water quality of drinking water fountains and mist makers in four municipal parks of São Paulo for 13 months. Although all samples met bacteriological water quality criteria according to Brazilian regulations, the absence of residual chlorine (<0.1 mg/L) was observed. These data were significantly correlated with the frequency of S. aureus that was found in 25.2% of the samples. The mecA gene was detected in 36.7% of the isolates demonstrating its potential for resistance to several antimicrobials. Furthermore, 27.3% isolates carrying the mecA gene had methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) phenotypic potential. The presence of S. aureus with characteristics of microbial resistance in water for human consumption is an unprecedented finding. Hence, conducting surveillance for opportunistic bacteria, such as staphylococci in drinking water, is reasonable to take control measures and to protect human health, especially in public places with high attendance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geyse A C Santos
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr Arnaldo, 715 - 1o andar 01246-904, São Paulo, Brazil E-mail: ; NARA - Center for Research in Environmental Risk Assessment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health of University of São Paulo, Av. Dr Arnaldo, 715 - 1o andar 01246-904, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milena Dropa
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr Arnaldo, 715 - 1o andar 01246-904, São Paulo, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Solange M Rocha
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr Arnaldo, 715 - 1o andar 01246-904, São Paulo, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Francisca A S Peternella
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr Arnaldo, 715 - 1o andar 01246-904, São Paulo, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Maria Tereza Pepe Razzolini
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr Arnaldo, 715 - 1o andar 01246-904, São Paulo, Brazil E-mail: ; NARA - Center for Research in Environmental Risk Assessment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health of University of São Paulo, Av. Dr Arnaldo, 715 - 1o andar 01246-904, São Paulo, Brazil
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30
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Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive novel sequence type 5959 community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus meningitis complicated by cerebral infarction in a 1-month-old infant. J Infect Chemother 2020; 27:103-106. [PMID: 32988732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has become a pathogen of major importance in pediatric patients. CA-MRSA can cause skin and soft tissue infection in children and young active adults with no predisposing factors, and life-threatening infections such as meningitis or necrotizing pneumonia have been reported. We report here a case of CA-MRSA meningitis complicated by acute left middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction and necrotizing pneumonia in a previously healthy 1-month-old Vietnamese boy. He was firstly treated with vancomycin, but changed to linezolid because of persistent fever and low vancomycin trough level. He recovered successfully with residual right-sided hemiparesis. The mode of transmission of CA-MRSA and the mechanism of cerebral infarction (thrombotic or embolic) were unknown. The isolate was genotyped as staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) mec type V with a novel sequence type (ST) 5959 harboring the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene. ST 5959 is a double locus variant of ST 59, which is a major PVL-positive CA-MRSA strain isolated in invasive disease in Asian countries. This case report may serve as a warning about the dissemination of PVL-positive CA-MRSA in and around Japan, with the possibility of causing serious life-threatening disease. The potential of linezolid for the treatment of MRSA meningitis as one of the alternative MRSA therapeutic drugs is also discussed.
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31
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Aires-de-Sousa M, Fournier C, Lopes E, de Lencastre H, Nordmann P, Poirel L. High Colonization Rate and Heterogeneity of ESBL- and Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Gull Feces in Lisbon, Portugal. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8101487. [PMID: 32998209 PMCID: PMC7601013 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8101487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to evaluate whether seagulls living on the Lisbon coastline, Portugal, might be colonized and consequently represent potential spreaders of multidrug-resistant bacteria, a total of 88 gull fecal samples were screened for detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- or carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and for vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE). A large proportion of samples yielded carbapenemase- or ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae (16% and 55%, respectively), while only two MRSA and two VRE were detected. Mating-out assays followed by PCR and whole-plasmid sequencing allowed to identify carbapenemase and ESBL encoding genes. Among 24 carbapenemase-producing isolates, there were mainly Klebsiella pneumoniae (50%) and Escherichia coli (33%). OXA-181 was the most common carbapenemase identified (54%), followed by OXA-48 (25%) and KPC-2 (17%). Ten different ESBLs were found among 62 ESBL-producing isolates, mainly being CTX-M-type enzymes (87%). Co-occurrence in single samples of multiple ESBL- and carbapenemase producers belonging to different bacterial species was observed in some cases. Seagulls constitute an important source for spreading multidrug-resistant bacteria in the environment and their gut microbiota a formidable microenvironment for transfer of resistance genes within bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Aires-de-Sousa
- Emerging Antibiotic Resistance Unit, Medical and Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (M.A.-d.-S.); (C.F.); (P.N.)
- Escola Superior de Saúde da Cruz Vermelha Portuguesa, 1300 Lisbon, Portugal
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780 Oeiras, Portugal; (E.L.); (H.d.L.)
| | - Claudine Fournier
- Emerging Antibiotic Resistance Unit, Medical and Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (M.A.-d.-S.); (C.F.); (P.N.)
| | - Elizeth Lopes
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780 Oeiras, Portugal; (E.L.); (H.d.L.)
| | - Hermínia de Lencastre
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780 Oeiras, Portugal; (E.L.); (H.d.L.)
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Patrice Nordmann
- Emerging Antibiotic Resistance Unit, Medical and Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (M.A.-d.-S.); (C.F.); (P.N.)
- Swiss National Reference Center for Emerging Antibiotic Resistance (NARA), CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Poirel
- Emerging Antibiotic Resistance Unit, Medical and Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; (M.A.-d.-S.); (C.F.); (P.N.)
- Swiss National Reference Center for Emerging Antibiotic Resistance (NARA), CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Correspondence:
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Salehi M, Abdolhamid Angaji S, Mosavari N, Ahrabi M. SNP Scanning in mecA Gene for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 18:e2242. [PMID: 33850938 PMCID: PMC8035417 DOI: 10.30498/ijb.2020.2242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is known as an important human pathogen, which is responsible for many cases of both hospital and community-acquired infections all over the world. Studying on drug resistance is regarded as an important prevention strategy regarding these types of infections. Objectives: The current study is aimed to assess the association between the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and resistance to antibiotics in the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains as well as the molecular typing of isolates, collected from the clinical samples. Materials and Methods: We used the disc-diffusion method to test the isolates antibiotic resistance. In addition, the genotypes of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) in the Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates were determined by multiplex -polymerase chain reaction (PCR). SNP was identified in the mecA gene using sequencing and amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) method. Results: The highest resistance was shown against oxacillin, and erythromycin and cephalexin. The most sensitive antibiotic was vancomycin (97%) and resistance to at least three antibiotic classes were identified in all isolates. Eighty six percent of isolates were positive for mecA gene and more than 50% of which were healthcare-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA). Moreover, SCCmec type 3, 1were the predominant strains of the identified MRSA. Also, 23 isolates (23%) were non-typable. By using the ARMS-PCR method, it was found that 10% of the clinical specimens had SNP in the mecA gene. Conclusion: According to the Chi-square test (χ2), it reveals that the association between SNP in the mecA gene and oxacillin, cefoxitin, and erythromycin resistance was confirmed among clinical MRSA. Furthermore, there is a 95%probability of association between SNP and resistance to more than three antibiotics in MRSA strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Salehi
- Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University Tehran North Branch, Tehran,Iran
| | - S Abdolhamid Angaji
- Department of Biology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran 3Department of PPD Production, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Nader Mosavari
- Department of PPD Production, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahsa Ahrabi
- Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University Tehran North Branch, Tehran,Iran
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Kim SH, Park SB, Park H, Kim JS, Kim J, Lee J, Lim J, Kim YK, Kim S. Molecular Subtyping of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Patients’ Nasal Cavity. KOREAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LABORATORY SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.15324/kjcls.2020.52.2.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ha Kim
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sung-Bae Park
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, Korea
- Clinical Trial Specialist Program for In Vitro Diagnostics, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, The Graduate School, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, Korea
| | - Heechul Park
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, Korea
- Clinical Trial Specialist Program for In Vitro Diagnostics, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, The Graduate School, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, Korea
| | - Jun Seong Kim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, Korea
- Clinical Trial Specialist Program for In Vitro Diagnostics, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, The Graduate School, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, Korea
| | - Jungho Kim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, Korea
| | - Jiyoung Lee
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, Korea
| | - Jaewon Lim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Sciences, Daegu Haany University, Kyungsan, Korea
| | - Young Kwon Kim
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Konyang University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sunghyun Kim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, Korea
- Clinical Trial Specialist Program for In Vitro Diagnostics, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, The Graduate School, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan, Korea
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Tang B, Gong T, Cui Y, Wang L, He C, Lu M, Chen J, Jing M, Zhang A, Li Y. Characteristics of oral methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from dental plaque. Int J Oral Sci 2020; 12:15. [PMID: 32385260 PMCID: PMC7210960 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-020-0079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The oral microbial community is widely regarded as a latent reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes. This study assessed the molecular epidemiology, susceptibility profile, and resistance mechanisms of 35 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) strains isolated from the dental plaque of a healthy human population. Broth microdilution minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) revealed that all the isolates were nonsusceptible to oxacillin and penicillin G. Most of them were also resistant to trimethoprim (65.7%) and erythromycin (54.3%). The resistance to multiple antibiotics was found to be largely due to the acquisition of plasmid-borne genes. The mecA and dfrA genes were found in all the isolates, mostly dfrG (80%), aacA-aphD (20%), aadD (28.6%), aphA3 (22.9%), msrA (5.7%), and the ermC gene (14.3%). Classical mutational mechanisms found in these isolates were mainly efflux pumps such as qacA (31.4%), qacC (25.7%), tetK (17.1%), and norA (8.6%). Multilocus sequence type analysis revealed that sequence type 59 (ST59) strains comprised 71.43% of the typed isolates, and the eBURST algorithm clustered STs into the clonal complex 2-II(CC2-II). The staphyloccoccal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type results showed that 25 (71.43%) were assigned to type IV. Moreover, 88.66% of the isolates were found to harbor six or more biofilm-associated genes. The aap, atlE, embp, sdrF, and IS256 genes were detected in all 35 isolates. This research demonstrates that biofilm-positive multiple-antibiotic-resistant ST59-SCCmec IV S. epidermidis strains exist in the dental plaque of healthy people and may be a potential risk for the transmission of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujia Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingyun Wang
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chao He
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Miao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiamin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meiling Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Staphylococcus argenteus isolated from retail foods in China: Incidence, antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation and toxin gene profile. Food Microbiol 2020; 91:103531. [PMID: 32539963 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus argenteus is a novel species of coagulase-positive staphylococci which was separated from Staphylococcus aureus in 2014. It can threaten human health like S. aureus but can not identify with conventional biochemical or other phenotypic testing. From 2011 to 2016, 1581 S. aureus strains were isolated from 4300 samples from retail foods covering most provincial capitals in China. According to multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and PCR confirmation, 7.2% of isolates (114/1581) were confirmed as S. argenteus. The pathogen was distributed in 22 of 39 sampled cities and all food types. Interestingly, most S. argenteus positive samples were collected from coastal cities in South China. MLST detected 8 different sequence types (STs), including five new STs. CC2250 was the predominant lineage of S. argenteus, followed by CC1223. To further characterize the isolates, their antibiotic resistance, virulence genes, biofilm formation and biofilm-related genes were examined. The pvl gene was not detected in S. argenteus, and only 1 isolate (0.9%) was positive for the tsst-1 gene. For 18 enterotoxin genes, 16.7% (19/114) of isolates harboured more than three genes, whereas 70.2% (80/114) of isolates had none of the investigated genes. Penicillin and ampicillin were the major antibiotics to which the S. argenteus isolates were resistant, followed by tetracycline, kanamycin and fusidic acid. A total of 94.7% of isolates had the ability to produce biofilms and all isolates harboured icaA, fnbA, and fib genes. Other biofilm-related genes, such as eno, clfB, fnbB, and icaC, were also found in 99.1%, 92.1%, 88.6%, and 74.6% of isolates, respectively. This study is the first systematic investigation of the prevalence of S. argenteus in retail foods in China and shows their ubiquity in food. We also provide comprehensive surveillance of the incidence of S. argenteus in retail foods and information to enable more accurate and effective treatment of infections of this new species.
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Arora S, Li X, Hillhouse A, Konganti K, Little SV, Lawhon SD, Threadgill D, Shelburne S, Hook M. Staphylococcus epidermidis MSCRAMM SesJ Is Encoded in Composite Islands. mBio 2020; 11:e02911-19. [PMID: 32071265 PMCID: PMC7029136 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02911-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is a leading cause of nosocomial infections in patients with a compromised immune system and/or an implanted medical device. Seventy to 90% of S. epidermidis clinical isolates are methicillin resistant and carry the mecA gene, present in a mobile genetic element (MGE) called the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) element. Along with the presence of antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes, MGEs can also contain genes encoding secreted or cell wall-anchored virulence factors. In our earlier studies of S. epidermidis clinical isolates, we discovered S. epidermidis surface protein J (SesJ), a prototype of a recently discovered subfamily of the microbial surface component recognizing adhesive matrix molecule (MSCRAMM) group. MSCRAMMs are major virulence factors of pathogenic Gram-positive bacteria. Here, we report that the sesJ gene is always accompanied by two glycosyltransferase genes, gtfA and gtfB, and is present in two MGEs, called the arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) and the staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC) element. The presence of the sesJ gene was associated with the left-hand direct repeat DR_B or DR_E. When inserted via DR_E, the sesJ gene was encoded in the SCC element. When inserted via DR_B, the sesJ gene was accompanied by the genes for the type 1 restriction modification system and was encoded in the ACME. Additionally, the SCC element and ACME carry different isoforms of the SesJ protein. To date, the genes encoding MSCRAMMs have been seen to be located in the bacterial core genome. Here, we report the presence of an MSCRAMM in an MGE in S. epidermidis clinical isolates.IMPORTANCES. epidermidis is an opportunistic bacterium that has established itself as a successful nosocomial pathogen. The modern era of novel therapeutics and medical devices has extended the longevity of human life, but at the same time, we also witness the evolution of pathogens to adapt to newly available niches in the host. Increasing antibiotic resistance among pathogens provides an example of such pathogen adaptation. With limited opportunities to modify the core genome, most of the adaptation occurs by acquiring new genes, such as virulence factors and antibiotic resistance determinants present in MGEs. In this study, we describe that the sesJ gene, encoding a recently discovered cell wall-anchored protein in S. epidermidis, is present in both ACME and the SCC element. The presence of virulence factors in MGEs can influence the virulence potential of a specific strain. Therefore, it is critical to study the virulence factors found in MGEs in emerging pathogenic bacteria or strains to understand the mechanisms used by these bacteria to cause infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishtee Arora
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xiqi Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew Hillhouse
- Institute for Genome Sciences and Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Kranti Konganti
- Institute for Genome Sciences and Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Sara V Little
- Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Sara D Lawhon
- Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - David Threadgill
- Institute for Genome Sciences and Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Samuel Shelburne
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Magnus Hook
- Center for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Koulakis JP, Rouch J, Huynh N, Wu HH, Dunn JCY, Putterman S. Tumescent Injections in Subcutaneous Pig Tissue Disperse Fluids Volumetrically and Maintain Elevated Local Concentrations of Additives for Several Hours, Suggesting a Treatment for Drug Resistant Wounds. Pharm Res 2020; 37:51. [PMID: 32043171 PMCID: PMC7010616 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-2769-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bolus injection of fluid into subcutaneous tissue results in accumulation of fluid at the injection site. The fluid does not form a pool. Rather, the injection pressure forces the interstitial matrix to expand to accommodate the excess fluid in its volume, and the fluid becomes bound similar to that in a hydrogel. We seek to understand the properties and dynamics of externally tumesced (swollen) subcutaneous tissue as a first step in assessing whether tumescent antibiotic injections into wounds may provide a novel method of treatment. METHODS Subcutaneous injections of saline are performed in live and dead pigs and the physical properties (volume, expansion ratio, residence time, apparent diffusion constant) of the resulting fluid deposits are observed with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and 3D scanning. RESULTS Subcutaneous tissue can expand to a few times its initial volume to accommodate the injected fluid, which is dispersed thoroughly throughout the tumescent volume. The fluid spreads to peripheral unexpanded regions over the course of a few minutes, after which it remains in place for several hours. Eventually the circulation absorbs the excess fluid and the tissue returns to its original state. CONCLUSIONS Given the evidence for dense fluid dispersal and several-hour residence time, a procedure is proposed whereby tumescent antibiotic injections are used to treat drug-resistant skin infections and chronic wounds that extend into the subcutaneous tissue. The procedure has the potential to effectively treat otherwise untreatable wounds by keeping drug concentrations above minimum inhibitory levels for extended lengths of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Koulakis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA.
| | - Joshua Rouch
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
| | - Nhan Huynh
- Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
| | - Holden H Wu
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
| | - James C Y Dunn
- Department of Surgery. Division of Pediatric Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Alway M116, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Seth Putterman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Los Angeles, California, Los Angeles, 90095, USA
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Coombs GW, Baines SL, Howden BP, Swenson KM, O’Brien FG. Diversity of bacteriophages encoding Panton-Valentine leukocidin in temporally and geographically related Staphylococcus aureus. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228676. [PMID: 32040487 PMCID: PMC7010278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Production of the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) by Staphylococcus aureus is mediated via the genes lukS-PV and lukF-PV which are carried on bacteriophage ϕSa2. PVL is associated with S. aureus strains that cause serious infections and clones of community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) that have additionally disseminated widely. In Western Australia (WA) the original CA-MRSA were PVL negative however, between 2005 and 2008, following the introduction of eight international PVL-positive CA-MRSA, PVL-positive WA CA-MRSA were found. There was concern that PVL bacteriophages from the international clones were transferring into the local clones, therefore a comparative study of PVL-carrying ϕSa2 prophage genomes from historic WA PVL-positive S. aureus and representatives of all PVL-positive CA-MRSA isolated in WA between 2005 and 2008 was performed. The prophages were classified into two genera and three PVL bacteriophage groups and had undergone many recombination events during their evolution. Comparative analysis of mosaic regions of selected bacteriophages using the Alignments of bacteriophage genomes (Alpha) aligner revealed novel recombinations and modules. There was heterogeneity in the chromosomal integration sites, the lysogeny regulation regions, the defence and DNA processing modules, the structural and packaging modules and the lukSF-PV genes. One WA CA-MRSA (WA518751) and one international clone (Korean Clone) have probably acquired PVL-carrying ϕSa2 in WA, however these clones did not disseminate in the community. Genetic heterogeneity made it impossible to trace the source of the PVL prophages in the other WA clones. Against this background of PVL prophage diversity, the sequence of one group, the ϕSa2USA/ϕSa2wa-st93 group, was remarkably stable over at least 20 years and associated with the highly virulent USA300 and ST93-IVa CA-MRSA lineages that have disseminated globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey W. Coombs
- Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine—WA, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Sarah L. Baines
- Doherty Applied Microbial Genomics, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin P. Howden
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection & Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Krister M. Swenson
- LIRMM, CNRS-Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- IBC Institute de Biologie Computationnelle, Montpellier, France
| | - Frances G. O’Brien
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute and the School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Western Australia, Australia
- Australian Collaborating Centre for Enterococcus and Staphylococcus Species (ACCESS) Typing and Research, School of Veterinary Sciences and Life Sciences, Murdoch University and Curtin University, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Abstract
Methicillin-susceptible S. aureus changes to methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) upon the acquisition of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), a genomic island that encodes methicillin resistance. SCCmec elements in S. aureus are classified into different types based on the combination of mec gene complexes and ccr gene complexes, which share variations, five classes in mec and eight in ccr. To date, at least 13 types of SCCmec elements have been identified and each SCCmec type has individual characteristics. It is known that hospital-associated MRSA strains carry SCCmec elements of types, I, II, and III, and the majority of community-acquired MRSA strains carry characteristic SCCmec elements, type IV SCCmec or type V SCCmec. We herein describe multiplex PCR methods to type SCCmec elements by identifying the mec gene complex class and ccr gene complex type.
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Palavecino EL. Clinical, Epidemiologic, and Laboratory Aspects of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2069:1-28. [PMID: 31523762 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9849-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (abbreviated MRSA for historical reasons) is a major pathogen responsible for both hospital- and community-onset disease. Resistance to oxacillin in most clinical isolates of S. aureus is mediated by PBP2a, a penicillin-binding protein with low affinity to beta-lactams, encoded primarily by the mecA gene. Rapid and accurate methods of susceptibility testing of S. aureus isolates to identify MRSA infections are important tools to limit the spread of this organism. This review focuses on the clinical significance of MRSA infections and new approaches for the laboratory diagnosis and epidemiologic typing of MRSA strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L Palavecino
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates colonizing pigs with different exposure to antibiotics. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225497. [PMID: 31747427 PMCID: PMC6867694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In 2016, very high rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-ST398 (99%) were found in Portuguese pig farms that used colistin, amoxicillin, and zinc oxide as feed additives. Since then, farms A and B banned the use of colistin, and farm C banned the use of both antibiotics. Objective The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of the ban of colistin and amoxicillin on pig MRSA carriage rates, clonal types and antimicrobial resistance, compared to the results obtained in 2016. Methods In 2018, 103 pigs (52 from farm B using amoxicillin only as a feed additive and 51 from farm C where no antibiotics were included in the feed regimen) were nasally swabbed for MRSA colonization. Isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, and characterised by spa typing, SCCmec typing and MLST. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed for representative isolates. Results Overall, 96% of the pigs swabbed in 2018 carried MRSA, mostly ST398-SCCmec V-spa types t011/t108. MRSA from pigs not receiving antibiotics in the feed regimen showed susceptibility to a higher number of antibiotics, namely erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and chloramphenicol. Notably, most of these isolates (n = 52) presented an unusual erythromycin-susceptibility/clindamycin-resistance phenotype. WGS showed that these isolates lacked the erm and the lnu genes encoding resistance to macrolides and lincosamides, respectively, but carried the vgaALC gene encoding resistance to lincosamides, which is here firstly identified in S. aureus ST398. Conclusion After two years the ban of colistin and amoxicillin as feed additives had no significant impact on the MRSA nasal carriage rates. Nevertheless, the MRSA strains circulating in those farms showed resistance to a lower number of antibiotic classes.
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Kyany'a C, Nyasinga J, Matano D, Oundo V, Wacira S, Sang W, Musila L. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Kenya. BMC Microbiol 2019; 19:245. [PMID: 31694531 PMCID: PMC6836327 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-019-1597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increase and spread of virulent-outbreak associated, methicillin and vancomycin resistant (MRSA/VRSA) Staphylococcus aureus require a better understanding of the resistance and virulence patterns of circulating and emerging strains globally. This study sought to establish the resistance phenotype, and strains of 32 non-duplicate clinical MRSA and MSSA S. aureus isolates from four Kenyan hospitals, identify their resistance and virulence genes and determine the genetic relationships of MRSA with global strains. METHODS Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were determined on a Vitek 2, genomic DNA sequenced on an Illumina Miseq and isolates typed in-silico. Resistance and virulence genes were identified using ARIBA and phylogenies generated using RAxML. RESULTS The MRSA isolates were 100% susceptible to vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid, and tigecycline. Nine distinct CC, 12 ST and 15 spa types including the novel t17826 and STs (4705, 4707) were identified with CC8 and CC152 predominating. MRSA isolates distributed across 3 CCs; CC5-ST39 (1), CC8 - ST241 (4), a novel CC8-ST4705 (1), ST8 (1) and CC152 (1). There was > 90% phenotype-genotype concordance with key resistance genes identified only among MRSA isolates: gyrA, rpoB, and parC mutations, mecA, ant (4')-lb, aph (3')-IIIa, ermA, sat-4, fusA, mphC and msrA. Kenyan MRSA isolates were genetically diverse and most closely related to Tanzanian and UK isolates. There was a significant correlation between map, hlgA, selk, selq and cap8d virulence genes and severe infections. CONCLUSION The findings showed a heterogeneous S. aureus population with novel strain types. Though limited by the low number of isolates, this study begins to fill gaps and expand our knowledge of S. aureus epidemiology while uncovering interesting patterns of distribution of strain types which should be further explored. Although last-line treatments are still effective, the potential for outbreaks of both virulent and resistant strains remain, requiring sustained surveillance of S. aureus populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Kyany'a
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, P. O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.,The United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa, P.O. Box 606-00621, Village Market, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Justin Nyasinga
- Technical University of Kenya, P.O. Box 52428-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Daniel Matano
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, P. O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.,The United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa, P.O. Box 606-00621, Village Market, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Valerie Oundo
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, P. O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.,The United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa, P.O. Box 606-00621, Village Market, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Simon Wacira
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, P. O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya.,The United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa, P.O. Box 606-00621, Village Market, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Willie Sang
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, P. O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lillian Musila
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, P. O. Box 54840-00200, Nairobi, Kenya. .,The United States Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa, P.O. Box 606-00621, Village Market, Nairobi, Kenya.
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43
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Cassone M, Mantey J, Perri MB, Gibson K, Lansing B, McNamara S, Patel PK, Cheng VCC, Walters MS, Stone ND, Zervos MJ, Mody L. Environmental Panels as a Proxy for Nursing Facility Patients With Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Colonization. Clin Infect Dis 2019; 67:861-868. [PMID: 29726892 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Most nursing facilities (NFs) lack methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) surveillance programs due to limited resources and high costs. We investigated the utility of environmental screening of high-touch surfaces in patient rooms as a way to circumvent these challenges. Methods We compared MRSA and VRE culture data from high-touch surfaces in patients' rooms (14450 samples from 6 NFs) and ranked each site's performance in predicting patient colonization (7413 samples). The best-performing sites were included in a MRSA- and a VRE-specific panel that functioned as a proxy for patient colonization. Molecular typing was performed to confirm available concordant patient-environment pairs. Results We identified and validated a MRSA panel that consisted of the bed controls, nurse call button, bed rail, and TV remote control. The VRE panel included the toilet seat, bed controls, bed rail, TV remote control, and top of the side table. Panel colonization data tracked patient colonization. Negative predictive values were 89%-92% for MRSA and 82%-84% for VRE. Molecular typing confirmed a strong clonal type relationship in available concordant patient-environment pairs (98% for MRSA, 91% for VRE), pointing to common epidemiological patterns for environmental and patient isolates. Conclusions Environmental panels used as a proxy for patient colonization and incorporated into facility surveillance protocols can guide decolonization strategies, improve awareness of MRSA and VRE burden, and inform efforts to reduce transmission. Targeted environmental screening may be a viable surveillance strategy for MRSA and VRE detection in NFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cassone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Julia Mantey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | | | - Kristen Gibson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Bonnie Lansing
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Sara McNamara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor
| | - Payal K Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Michigan
| | - Vincent C C Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Infection Control Team, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Maroya S Walters
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nimalie D Stone
- Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Marcus J Zervos
- Henry Ford Health System, Detroit.,Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit
| | - Lona Mody
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor.,Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Michigan
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44
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Aung MS, Urushibara N, Kawaguchiya M, Sumi A, Takahashi S, Ike M, Ito M, Habadera S, Kobayashi N. Molecular Epidemiological Characterization of Staphylococcus a rgenteus Clinical Isolates in Japan: Identification of Three Clones (ST1223, ST2198, and ST2550) and a Novel Staphylocoagulase Genotype XV. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7100389. [PMID: 31554314 PMCID: PMC6843175 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7100389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus argenteus, a novel emerging species within Staphylococcus aureus complex (SAC), has been increasingly reported worldwide. In this study, prevalence of S. argenteus among human clinical isolates, and their clonal diversity and genetic characteristics of virulence factors were investigated in Hokkaido, the northern main island of Japan. During a four-month period starting from March 2019, twenty-four S. argenteus and 4330 S. aureus isolates were recovered from clinical specimens (the ratio of S. argenteus to S. aureus :0.0055). Half of S. argenteus isolates (n = 12) belonged to MLST sequence type (ST) 2250 and its single-locus variant, with staphylocoagulase genotype (coa-) XId, while the remaining isolates were assigned to ST2198/coa-XIV (n = 6), and ST1223 with a novel coa-XV identified in this study (n = 6). All the isolates were mecA-negative, and susceptible to all the antimicrobials tested, except for an ST2198 isolate with blaZ and an ST2250 isolate with tet(L) showing resistance to ampicillin and tetracyclines, respectively. Common virulence factors in the S. argenteus isolates were staphylococcal enterotoxin (-like) genes sey, selz, sel26, and sel27 in ST2250, selx in ST2198, and enterotoxin gene cluster (egc-1: seg-sei-sem-sen-seo) in ST1223 isolates, in addition to hemolysin genes (hla, hlb, and hld) distributed universally. Elastin binding protein gene (ebpS) and MSCRAMM family adhesin SdrE gene (sdrE) detected in all the isolates showed high sequence identity among them (> 97%), while relatively lower identity to those of S. aureus (78–92%). Phylogenetically, ebpS, sdrE, selx, sey, selw, sel26, and sel27 of S. argenteus formed clusters distinct from those of S. aureus, unlike sec, selz, tst-1, and staphylokinase gene (sak). The present study revealed the prevalence of S. argenteus among clinical isolates, and presence of three distinct S. argenteus clones (ST2250; ST2198 and ST1223) harboring different virulence factors in northern Japan. ST2198 S. argenteus, a minor clone (strain BN75-like) that had been rarely reported, was first identified in Japan as human isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiji Soe Aung
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, 060-8556 Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Noriko Urushibara
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, 060-8556 Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Mitsuyo Kawaguchiya
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, 060-8556 Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Ayako Sumi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, 060-8556 Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Seika Takahashi
- Sapporo Clinical Laboratory, Inc., Hokkaido, 060-0005 Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Miyo Ike
- Sapporo Clinical Laboratory, Inc., Hokkaido, 060-0005 Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Masahiko Ito
- Sapporo Clinical Laboratory, Inc., Hokkaido, 060-0005 Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Habadera
- Sapporo Clinical Laboratory, Inc., Hokkaido, 060-0005 Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Hokkaido, 060-8556 Sapporo, Japan.
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45
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Che Hamzah AM, Yeo CC, Puah SM, Chua KH, A Rahman NI, Abdullah FH, Othman N, Chew CH. Tigecycline and inducible clindamycin resistance in clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Terengganu, Malaysia. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:1299-1305. [PMID: 31140965 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a public health concern. The inducible macrolide-lincosamide-streptogrammin B (iMLSB ) phenotype (or inducible clindamycin resistance) is associated with false clindamycin susceptibility in routine laboratory testing and may lead to treatment failure. Tigecycline resistance remains rare in S. aureus worldwide. This study aims to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of clinical isolates of S. aureus obtained from the main tertiary hospital in Terengganu state, Malaysia, from July 2016 to June 2017. The antimicrobial susceptibilities of 90 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 109 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates were determined by disc diffusion with the iMLSB phenotype determined by D-test. Multidrug resistance (MDR) and the iMLSB phenotype were more prevalent in MRSA (84.4 and 46.7 %, respectively) compared to MSSA isolates. All five tigecycline-resistant isolates were MRSA. The high incidence of MDR and the iMLSB phenotype and the emergence of tigecycline resistance in the Terengganu S. aureus isolates warrants continuous vigilance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainal Mardziah Che Hamzah
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Chew Chieng Yeo
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Suat Moi Puah
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kek Heng Chua
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Iza A Rahman
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Fatimah Haslina Abdullah
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Norlela Othman
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Sultanah Nur Zahirah, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Ching Hoong Chew
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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46
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Shehata MMK, Radwan SM, Ali SAM. Effects of gamma-irradiation on antibiotic resistance and diagnostic molecular markers of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Egyptian cancer patients. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:1728-1743. [PMID: 31502912 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1664785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: This in-vitro study aimed to assess in 120 [40 community-acquired (CA-MRSA) & 80 hospital-acquired (HA-MRSA)] isolates from cancer patients whether the transmissible staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing, and the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) virulence genes detection could be employed as tools for molecular diagnostic purposes to distinguish both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) categories in radiotherapy treated cancer patients.Materials and methods: SCCmec typing was determined by the combination of the type of the cassette chromosome recombinase genes (ccr) gene complex and the class of the methicillin resistance (mec) gene complex. Besides, a rapid slide latex agglutination test (LAT) and antibiotic resistance spectrum determination before and after irradiation were performed.Results: In the strict sense, with the effect of irradiation; the presence of SCCmec subtypes IVa (22.5% vs. 10.0%), b (47.5% vs. 25.0%), & d (7.5 vs. 2.5%) or type V (15.0% vs. 7.5%) genetic elements and PVL genes (p < .001) were not proved as a signature for CA-MRSA. While, the larger SCCmec types II, and III elements were not detected in 14, and 19 from the 38, and 36 typed HA-MRSA isolates (p < .001), respectively. Remarkable effects on class A & class B mec gene complex and type2, type 3 & type 5 ccr gene complex and an increase in agglutination reaction strength in response to gamma irradiation external stimulus were observed.Conclusions: Different heterogeneous genetic composition with upregulation mecA gene expression was detected after irradiation in the HA- MRSA studied population. CA-MRSA showed remarkable ability to acquire multi-antibiotic resistance after irradiation and propose a novel paradigm for future chemotherapy against the multi-resistant pathogens whose proliferation especially among immunocompromised cancer patients is on the increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M K Shehata
- Drug Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Sahar A M Ali
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menufia University, Al Minufiyah, Egypt
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47
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Conceição T, Martins H, Rodrigues S, de Lencastre H, Aires-de-Sousa M. Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage among homeless population in Lisbon, Portugal. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 38:2037-2044. [PMID: 31332610 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03638-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal carriage is a major risk factor for infection, namely among populations in the community with inherent prompting factors, such as the homeless. In Portugal, there are no data on S. aureus/MRSA nasal carriage among the homeless community. A total of 84 homeless individuals living in Lisbon (34 with no permanent address and 50 living in shelter) were nasally screened for S. aureus/ MRSA. All isolates were characterized to determine antimicrobial susceptibility and clonal type. A total of 43 (51.2%) S. aureus carriers were identified, including a single individual colonized with MRSA (1.2%). S. aureus carriage rate was higher among individuals with no permanent address (58.8% versus 46%), younger (45.7 ± 12.7 versus 52.5 ± 10.8 years), and with diagnosis of asthma (9% versus 0%). The single MRSA belonged to the EMRSA-15 clone (PFGE D, ST15-SCCmec IVh, and spa type t790). Almost half of the methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates (41.9%, n = 18) belonged to two major clones, ST398-t1451 (n = 13) and ST30-t399/t11980/t12808 associated with PFGE I (n = 5). A high proportion of isolates showed non-susceptibility to mupirocin (64%), erythromycin (45%), and fusidic acid (20%) and induced resistance to clindamycin (39%). None of the isolates harboured PVL. Our results suggest that the homeless population of Lisbon does not constitute a reservoir of MRSA in the community, but harbour the highly transmissible ST398-t1451 MSSA lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Conceição
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB-NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal.
| | - Hugo Martins
- Unidade de Atendimento Urgente Adultos, Hospital Lusíadas Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Urgência Geral, Hospital Prof. Doutor Fernando da Fonseca, Amadora, Lisbon, Portugal.,Departamento Formação, Investigação e Planeamento, VOXLisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Suzilaine Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB-NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Hermínia de Lencastre
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB-NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal.,Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, USA
| | - Marta Aires-de-Sousa
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier (ITQB-NOVA), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal.,Escola Superior de Saúde da Cruz Vermelha Portuguesa (ESSCVP), Lisbon, Portugal
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48
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Lin J, Peng Y, Bai C, Zhang T, Zheng H, Wang X, Ye J, Ye X, Li Y, Yao Z. Prevalence, Influencing Factors, Antibiotic Resistance, Toxin and Molecular Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA Nasal Carriage among Diabetic Population in the United States, 2001-2004. Pol J Microbiol 2019; 66:439-448. [PMID: 29319509 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0010.7038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic population were reported more likely to suffer carriage and infection with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) than non-diabetic population. We aim to elucidate the prevalence and characteristics of S. aureus and MRSA nasal carriage among diabetic population in the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001-2004. Univariate analyses were conducted using Chi-square test, Fisher's exact probability test or student t test, as appropriate. Multivariate analy¬sis using logistic regression was conducted to assess the association between influencing factors and S. aureus and MRSA nasal carriage. 1010 diabetic participants were included in the study. The prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA nasal carriage were 28.32% and 1.09%, respec¬tively. After the logistic regression, ever had a painful sensation or tingling in hands or feet past three months (Odds Ratio [OR] = 0.359, 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 0.146-0.882) was significant among S. aureus nasal carriage and gender (OR = 3.410, 95% CI, 1.091-10.653) was significant among MRSA nasal carriage. The proportions of staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) A, SEB, SEC, SED, Toxic-shock syn¬drome toxin-1, and Panton Valentine Leukocidin toxin among S. aureus strains were 18.75%, 3.13%, 12.50%, 15.63%, 28.13%, and 9.38%, respectively. 63.63% of MRSA strains were community-acquired, 27.27% were hospital-acquired, and 9.09% were non-typeable. Diabetic patients might be more likely to carry S. aureus and MRSA in the United States. Improving hand hygiene compliance, reducing antibiotic overuse, screening for carriers, and decolonization are recommended to reduce the spread of S. aureus and MRSA, especially in community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Yang Peng
- Centre for Chronic Diseases, University of Queensland, Brisbane City, Australia
| | - Chan Bai
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Haoqu Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Jiaping Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Xiaohua Ye
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Ying Li
- Division of Environmental Health, Public Health Laboratory Center, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou City, China
| | - Zhenjiang Yao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou City, China
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49
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Delorme T, Dang D, Garcia A, Nasr P. Genotypic and phenotypic variations in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from outpatient, inpatient and nursing homes. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:316-325. [PMID: 30667353 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The epidemiological shift in MRSA distribution from healthcare-related facilities to the general population is distressing and requires continuous monitoring to manage and control the rate of incidences. METHOD The retrospective relationship between genetic and phenotypic variability of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates was determined in respect to the specimen source, patient location, sex and age. A total of 521 MRSA isolates were classified based on SCCmec, mec, agr, pvl and spa genetic markers using three different multiplex PCRs. RESULTS Based on the genetic variability, the isolates were divided into 97 profiles, of which 59% belonged to only two profiles (P17 and P33). P17 was the predominate profile, harbouring SCCmecIVa, ccr2, mecB, agr1, spa413 and pvl markers. P17 was more prevalent among the younger population (average 33.9 years) from outpatient (77%) locations and wound (88%) sources. The second largest profile was P33, harbouring SCCmecII, ccr2+ccr3, mecA, agr2, spa413 and no PVL. P33 was more prevalent in the older population (average 70.7 years) and more common in females (62%) than males (38%). With respect to antibiotic resistance, P33 exhibited a high rate of resistance to penicillins, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones and macrolides, and P17 had a lower resistance to fluoroquinolones. CONCLUSION This report contributes to the existing understanding of evolutionary epidemiology of antibiotic resistance in MRSA. The diversity of MRSA isolates and unique environmental preferences for each profile highlights the importance of epidemiological knowledge of MRSA distribution to determine the best treatment for patients in both community and hospital settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Delorme
- 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Ashtabula, OH, USA
| | - Duyen Dang
- 2 Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Garcia
- 2 Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA, USA
| | - Payman Nasr
- 2 Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA, USA
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50
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Sadeghi Y, Salami SA, Kananizadeh P, Mozhgani SH, Pourmand MR. Real-time PCR followed by high-resolution melting analysis - a new robust approach to evaluate SCCmec typing of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Future Microbiol 2019; 14:155-164. [PMID: 30668146 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2018-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM We designed a novel approach based on real-time PCR followed by high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis to determine the Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) types of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, which we compared against the results of conventional multiplex PCR SCCmec typing. METHODS Multiplex PCR (for ccr and mec gene complexes) was carried out as conventional method. The HRM analysis was then designed using standard strains of each SCCmec type. RESULTS The M-PCR results included types III (33.33%), IV (43.33%) and V (23.33%). HRM analysis was able to distinguish all five types, which were used to set up the protocol with a sensitivity and specificity of 100% compared with the conventional method. CONCLUSION This novel method for SCCmec typing has high specificity and sensitivity and can be conducted in a shorter period of time at lower costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Sadeghi
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, and Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Pegah Kananizadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, and Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Pourmand
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, and Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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