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Dropa M, da Silva JSB, Andrade AFC, Nakasone DH, Cunha MPV, Ribeiro G, de Araújo RS, Brandão CJ, Ghiglione B, Lincopan N, Sato MIZ, Knöbl T. Spread and persistence of antimicrobial resistance genes in wastewater from human and animal sources in São Paulo, Brazil. Trop Med Int Health 2024; 29:424-433. [PMID: 38545908 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
The spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) through multiple reservoirs is a global concern. Wastewater is a critical AMR dissemination source, so this study aimed to assess the persistence of resistance genetic markers in wastewater using a culture-independent approach. Raw and treated wastewater samples (n = 121) from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), a human hospital, a veterinary hospital, and a pig farm were monthly collected and concentrated by filtration. DNA was extracted directly from filter membranes, and PCR was used in the qualitative search of 32 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Selected genes (blaCTX-M, blaKPC, qnrB, and mcr-1) were enumerated by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Twenty-six ARGs were detected in the qualitative ARGs search, while quantitative data showed a low variation of the ARG's relative abundance (RA) throughout the months, especially at the human hospital and the WWTP. At the WWTP, despite significantly reducing the absolute number of gene copies/L after each treatment stage (p < 0.05), slight increases (p > 0.05) in the RAs of genes blaCTX-M, qnrB, and mcr-1 were observed in reused water (tertiary treatment) when compared with secondary effluent. Although the increase is not statistically significant, it is worth noting that there was some level of ARGs concentration after the disinfection process. No significant absolute or relative after-treatment quantification reductions were observed for any ARGs at the veterinary hospital or the pig farm. The spread of ARGs through sewage needs to be continuously addressed, because their release into natural environments may pose potential risks of exposure to resistant bacteria and impact local ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Dropa
- School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - André Furugen César Andrade
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denis Hideki Nakasone
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Paulo Vieira Cunha
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gesiane Ribeiro
- Veterinary Hospital, Department of Veterinary Medicine, FMU University Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronalda Silva de Araújo
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Environmental Company of the São Paulo State (CETESB), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Jesus Brandão
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Environmental Company of the São Paulo State (CETESB), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Barbara Ghiglione
- School of Pharmacy & Biochemistry (FFyB), Department of Microbiology, Immunology, Biotechnology and Genetics, University of Buenos Aires (UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nilton Lincopan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês Zanoli Sato
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Environmental Company of the São Paulo State (CETESB), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Terezinha Knöbl
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Santos GAC, Dropa M, Martone-Rocha S, Peternella FAS, Veiga DPB, Razzolini MTP. Microbiological monitoring of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus in public drinking water fountains: Pathogenicity factors, antimicrobial resistance and potential health risks. J Water Health 2023; 21:361-371. [PMID: 37338316 PMCID: wh_2023_274 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2023.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The presence of opportunistic bacteria such as coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) in drinking water poses public health concerns because of its potential to cause human infection and due to its antimicrobial resistance (AMR) diversity. This study evaluated the occurrence, virulence markers and AMR of CoNS in 468 drinking water samples from 15 public fountains located in four urban parks of São Paulo city (Brazil). Out of 104 samples positive for the presence of Staphylococcus genus, we detected CoNS in 75 of them (16%), which did not meet the Brazilian sanitary standards for residual chlorine. All isolates were of concern to public health for being responsible for infection in humans from low to high severity, nine of them are considered the most of concern due to 63.6% being multiresistant to antimicrobials. The results demonstrated that CoNS in drinking water must not be neglected. It is concluded that the presence of resistant staphylococci in drinking water is a potential health risk, which urges feasible and quick control measures to protect human health, especially in crowded public places.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A C Santos
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil E-mail: ; NARA - Center for Research in Environmental Risk Assessment, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Dropa
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil E-mail:
| | - S Martone-Rocha
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil E-mail:
| | - F A S Peternella
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Denise P B Veiga
- NARA - Center for Research in Environmental Risk Assessment, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Tereza Pepe Razzolini
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil E-mail: ; NARA - Center for Research in Environmental Risk Assessment, São Paulo, Brazil
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3
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dos Anjos C, Leanse LG, Ribeiro MS, Sellera FP, Dropa M, Arana-Chavez VE, Lincopan N, Baptista MS, Pogliani FC, Dai T, Sabino CP. New Insights into the Bacterial Targets of Antimicrobial Blue Light. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0283322. [PMID: 36809152 PMCID: PMC10101057 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02833-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial blue light (aBL) offers efficacy and safety in treating infections. However, the bacterial targets for aBL are still poorly understood and may be dependent on bacterial species. Here, we investigated the biological targets of bacterial killing by aBL (λ = 410 nm) on three pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Initially, we evaluated the killing kinetics of bacteria exposed to aBL and used this information to calculate the lethal doses (LD) responsible for killing 90 and 99.9% of bacteria. We also quantified endogenous porphyrins and assessed their spatial distribution. We then quantified and suppressed reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in bacteria to investigate their role in bacterial killing by aBL. We also assessed aBL-induced DNA damage, protein carbonylation, lipid peroxidation, and membrane permeability in bacteria. Our data showed that P. aeruginosa was more susceptible to aBL (LD99.9 = 54.7 J/cm2) relative to S. aureus (LD99.9 = 158.9 J/cm2) and E. coli (LD99.9 = 195 J/cm2). P. aeruginosa exhibited the highest concentration of endogenous porphyrins and level of ROS production relative to the other species. However, unlike other species, DNA degradation was not observed in P. aeruginosa. Sublethal doses of blue light (LD99.9). We conclude that the primary targets of aBL depend on the species, which are probably driven by variable antioxidant and DNA-repair mechanisms. IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial-drug development is facing increased scrutiny following the worldwide antibiotic crisis. Scientists across the world have recognized the urgent need for new antimicrobial therapies. In this sense, antimicrobial blue light (aBL) is a promising option due to its antimicrobial properties. Although aBL can damage different cell structures, the targets responsible for bacterial inactivation have still not been completely established and require further exploration. In our study, we conducted a thorough investigation to identify the possible aBL targets and gain insights into the bactericidal effects of aBL on three relevant pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This research not only adds new content to blue light studies but opens new perspectives to antimicrobial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina dos Anjos
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leon G. Leanse
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- University of Gibraltar, Europa Point Campus, Gibraltar
| | - Martha S. Ribeiro
- Center for Lasers and Applications, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN-CNEN), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio P. Sellera
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Metropolitan University of Santos, Santos, Brazil
| | - Milena Dropa
- MicroRes Laboratory, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Nilton Lincopan
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maurício S. Baptista
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio C. Pogliani
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tianhong Dai
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caetano P. Sabino
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Biolambda, Scientific and Commercial Ltd., São Paulo, Brazil
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Martone-Rocha S, Dropa M, Moreira Calixto da Cruz B, Belisário Mendes Oliveira Leite D, Pereira Dos Santos T, Pepe Razzolini MT. Antimicrobial profile of non-typhoidal Salmonella isolated from raw sewage in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, Brazil. J Infect Dev Ctries 2023; 17:86-92. [PMID: 36795931 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.16946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS), are frequently found in sewage and are one of the main causes of diarrhea in developed and developing countries due to poor sanitation conditions. In addition, NTS can potentially act as reservoirs and vehicles for the transmission of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which can be facilitated by the discharge of sewage effluents into environmental matrices. This study aimed to analyze a NTS Brazilian collection, focusing on their antimicrobial susceptibility profile and the presence of clinically relevant AMR-encoding genes. METHODOLOGY Forty-five non-clonal NTS strains from serotypes Salmonella enteritidis (n = 6), Salmonella enterica serovar 1,4,[5],12:i:- (S. 1,4,[5],12:i:-) (n = 25), Salmonella cerro (n = 7), Salmonella typhimurium (n = 3) and Salmonella braenderup (n = 4) were studied. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines (2017) and genes encoding resistance to beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides were identified by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. RESULTS Resistance to β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines and aminoglycosides was frequent. The highest rates were observed for nalidixic acid (89.0%), followed by tetracycline (67.0%), ampicillin (67.0%), amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (64.0%); ciprofloxacin (47.0%) and streptomycin (42.0%). The AMR-encoding genes detected were qnrB, oqxAB, blaCTX-M and rmtA. CONCLUSIONS Raw sewage has been considered a valuable tool to evaluate epidemiological population patterns and this study supports the view that NTS with pathogenic potential and resistance to antimicrobials are circulating in the studied region. This is worrisome due to the dissemination of these microorganisms throughout the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange Martone-Rocha
- University of São Paulo, Public Health School, Environmental Health Department, Environmental Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Laboratory (MicroRes), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milena Dropa
- University of São Paulo, Public Health School, Environmental Health Department, Environmental Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Laboratory (MicroRes), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Moreira Calixto da Cruz
- University of São Paulo, Public Health School, Environmental Health Department, Environmental Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Laboratory (MicroRes), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora Belisário Mendes Oliveira Leite
- University of São Paulo, Public Health School, Environmental Health Department, Environmental Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Laboratory (MicroRes), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Talita Pereira Dos Santos
- University of São Paulo, Public Health School, Environmental Health Department, Environmental Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Laboratory (MicroRes), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Tereza Pepe Razzolini
- University of São Paulo, Public Health School, Environmental Health Department, Environmental Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Laboratory (MicroRes), São Paulo, Brazil
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Daoud Z, Dropa M. Editorial: The global threat of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria, volume II. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1196488. [PMID: 37180446 PMCID: PMC10170972 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1196488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Daoud
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Ziad Daoud,
| | - Milena Dropa
- Faculty of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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6
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Dropa M, Daoud Z. Editorial: The global threat of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:974268. [PMID: 35979089 PMCID: PMC9376605 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.974268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Dropa
- University of São Paulo, Public Health School, Environmental Health Department, Environmental Microbiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Laboratory (MicroRes), São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Milena Dropa, ; Ziad Daoud,
| | - Ziad Daoud
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, and Department of Clinical Microbiology, Michigan Health Clinics, Saginaw, MI, United States
- *Correspondence: Milena Dropa, ; Ziad Daoud,
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Sabino CP, Ribeiro MS, Wainwright M, Dos Anjos C, Sellera FP, Dropa M, Nunes NB, Brancini GTP, Braga GUL, Arana-Chavez VE, Freitas RO, Lincopan N, Baptista MS. The Biochemical Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy. Photochem Photobiol 2022; 99:742-750. [PMID: 35913428 DOI: 10.1111/php.13685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The unbridled dissemination of multidrug-resistant pathogens is a major threat to global health and urgently demands novel therapeutic alternatives. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been developed as a promising approach to treat localized infections regardless of drug resistance profile or taxonomy. Even though this technique has been known for more than a century, discussions and speculations regarding the biochemical mechanisms of microbial inactivation have never reached a consensus on what is the primary cause of cell death. Since photochemically generated oxidants promote ubiquitous reactions with various biomolecules, researchers simply assumed that all cellular structures are equally damaged. In this study, biochemical, molecular, biological, and advanced microscopy techniques were employed to investigate whether protein, membrane or DNA damage correlates better with dose-dependent microbial inactivation kinetics. We showed that although mild membrane permeabilization and late DNA damage occur, no correlation with inactivation kinetics was found. On the other hand, protein degradation was analyzed by 3 different methods and showed a dose-dependent trend that matches microbial inactivation kinetics. Our results provide a deeper mechanistic understanding of aPDT that can guide the scientific community towards the development of optimized photosensitizing drugs and also rationally propose synergistic combinations with antimicrobial chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caetano P Sabino
- BioLambda, Scientific and Commercial Ltd., São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 05595-000.,Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 05508-000
| | - Martha S Ribeiro
- Center for Lasers and Applications, Energy and Nuclear Research Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 05508-000
| | - Mark Wainwright
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Carolina Dos Anjos
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 05508-270.,Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Fábio P Sellera
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 05508-270.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Metropolitan University of Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil, 11080-300
| | - Milena Dropa
- Public Health Laboratory, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalia B Nunes
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Guilherme T P Brancini
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Gilberto U L Braga
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Victor E Arana-Chavez
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raul O Freitas
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory, Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil, 13083-970
| | - Nilton Lincopan
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 05508-000.,Department of Microbiology, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 05508-000
| | - Maurício S Baptista
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 05513-970
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8
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Rojas MVR, Alonso DP, Dropa M, Razzolini MTP, de Carvalho DP, Ribeiro KAN, Ribolla PEM, Sallum MAM. Next-Generation High-Throughput Sequencing to Evaluate Bacterial Communities in Freshwater Ecosystem in Hydroelectric Reservoirs. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071398. [PMID: 35889116 PMCID: PMC9322053 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The quality of aquatic ecosystems is a major public health concern. The assessment and management of a freshwater system and the ecological monitoring of microorganisms that are present in it can provide indicators of the environment and water quality to protect human and animal health. with bacteria is. It is a major challenge to monitor the microbiological bacterial contamination status of surface water associated with anthropogenic activities within rivers and freshwater reservoirs. Understanding the composition of aquatic microbial communities can be beneficial for the early detection of pathogens, improving our knowledge of their ecological niches, and characterizing the assemblages of microbiota responsible for the degradation of contaminants and microbial substrates. The present study aimed to characterize the bacterial microbiota of water samples collected alongside the Madeira River and its small tributaries in rural areas near the Santo Antonio Energia hydroelectric power plant (SAE) reservoir in the municipality of Porto Velho, Rondonia state, Western Brazil. An Illumina 16s rRNA metagenomic approach was employed and the physicochemical characteristics of the water sample were assessed. We hypothesized that both water metagenomics and physicochemical parameters would vary across sampling sites. The most abundant genera found in the study were Acinetobacter, Deinococcus, and Pseudomonas. PERMANOVA and ANCOM analysis revealed that collection points sampled at the G4 location presented a significantly different microbiome compared to any other group, with the Chlamidomonadaceae family and Enhydrobacter genus being significantly more abundant. Our findings support the use of metagenomics to assess water quality standards for the protection of human and animal health in this microgeographic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Virginia R. Rojas
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil; (M.V.R.R.); (M.A.M.S.)
- FUNDUNESP—Fundação para o Desenvolvimento da UNESP, São Paulo 01009-906, Brazil
| | - Diego Peres Alonso
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil; (M.V.R.R.); (M.A.M.S.)
- Instituto de Biotecnologia da UNESP (IBTEC-Campus Botucatu), São Paulo 18607-440, Brazil;
- Correspondence:
| | - Milena Dropa
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil; (M.D.); (M.T.P.R.)
| | - Maria Tereza P. Razzolini
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil; (M.D.); (M.T.P.R.)
| | | | | | | | - Maria Anice M. Sallum
- Departamento de Epidemiologia, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil; (M.V.R.R.); (M.A.M.S.)
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Barbosa MRF, Garcia SC, Bruni ADC, Machado FS, de Oliveira RX, Dropa M, da Costa AC, Leal E, Brandão CJ, da Silva RLO, Iko BY, Kondo VKM, de Araújo RS, da Silveira VB, de Andrade TM, Nunes DR, Janini LMR, Braconi CT, Maricato JT, Sato MIZ. One-year surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater from vulnerable urban communities in metropolitan São Paulo, Brazil. J Water Health 2022; 20:471-490. [PMID: 36366999 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2022.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic has emphasized the vulnerability of communities living in the urban outskirts and informal settlements. The lack of reliable COVID-19 case data highlights the importance and application of wastewater-based epidemiology. This study aimed to monitor the COVID-19 trends in four vulnerable urban communities (slums and low-income neighborhoods) in metropolitan São Paulo by assessing the SARS-CoV-2 RNA viral load in wastewater. We analyzed 160 samples from May 2020 to June 2021 with weekly or fortnightly samplings. The samples were ultracentrifuged with glycine elution and quantified by N1/N2 SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR. The results of positivity were 100% (Paraisópolis, Heliópolis and Cidade Tiradentes) and 76.9% (Vila Brasilândia). The new case numbers of COVID-19, counted from the onset of symptoms, positively correlated with SARS-CoV-2 N1 viral loads from the two largest communities (p<0.001). SARS-CoV-2 infectivity was tested in Vero E6 cells after concentration with the two techniques, ultrafiltration (Centricon® Plus-70 10 kDa) and sucrose cushion ultracentrifugation, but none of the evaluated samples presented positive results. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis from samples collected in March and August 2021 revealed the presence of the clade 20 J (lineage P.1) belonging to the most prevalent circulating variant in the country. Our results showed that wastewater surveillance data can be used as complementary indicators to monitor the dynamics and temporal trends of COVID-19. The infectivity test results strengthened the evidence of low risk of infection associated with SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikaela Renata Funada Barbosa
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Division of Microbiology and Parasitology, Environmental Company of the São Paulo State (CETESB), Av. Prof. Frederico Hermann Jr., 345, São Paulo, CEP 05459-900, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Suzi Cristina Garcia
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Division of Microbiology and Parasitology, Environmental Company of the São Paulo State (CETESB), Av. Prof. Frederico Hermann Jr., 345, São Paulo, CEP 05459-900, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Antonio de Castro Bruni
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Division of Microbiology and Parasitology, Environmental Company of the São Paulo State (CETESB), Av. Prof. Frederico Hermann Jr., 345, São Paulo, CEP 05459-900, Brazil E-mail:
| | | | - Roberto Xavier de Oliveira
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Division of Microbiology and Parasitology, Environmental Company of the São Paulo State (CETESB), Av. Prof. Frederico Hermann Jr., 345, São Paulo, CEP 05459-900, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Milena Dropa
- School of Public Health, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Elcio Leal
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Belém, Brazil
| | - Carlos Jesus Brandão
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Division of Microbiology and Parasitology, Environmental Company of the São Paulo State (CETESB), Av. Prof. Frederico Hermann Jr., 345, São Paulo, CEP 05459-900, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Renan Lourenço Oliveira da Silva
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Division of Microbiology and Parasitology, Environmental Company of the São Paulo State (CETESB), Av. Prof. Frederico Hermann Jr., 345, São Paulo, CEP 05459-900, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Beatriz Yukie Iko
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Division of Microbiology and Parasitology, Environmental Company of the São Paulo State (CETESB), Av. Prof. Frederico Hermann Jr., 345, São Paulo, CEP 05459-900, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Victor Kenji Matsuoka Kondo
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Division of Microbiology and Parasitology, Environmental Company of the São Paulo State (CETESB), Av. Prof. Frederico Hermann Jr., 345, São Paulo, CEP 05459-900, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Ronalda Silva de Araújo
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Division of Microbiology and Parasitology, Environmental Company of the São Paulo State (CETESB), Av. Prof. Frederico Hermann Jr., 345, São Paulo, CEP 05459-900, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Vanessa Barbosa da Silveira
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Montes de Andrade
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo Rosa Nunes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Mário Ramos Janini
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carla Torres Braconi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Terzi Maricato
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Escola Paulista de Medicina, (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês Zanoli Sato
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Division of Microbiology and Parasitology, Environmental Company of the São Paulo State (CETESB), Av. Prof. Frederico Hermann Jr., 345, São Paulo, CEP 05459-900, Brazil E-mail:
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10
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Pepe Razzolini MT, Funada Barbosa MR, Silva de Araújo R, Freitas de Oliveira I, Mendes-Correa MC, Sabino EC, Garcia SC, de Paula AV, Villas-Boas LS, Costa SF, Dropa M, Brandão de Assis D, Levin BS, Pedroso de Lima AC, Levin AS. SARS-CoV-2 in a stream running through an underprivileged, underserved, urban settlement in São Paulo, Brazil: A 7-month follow-up. Environ Pollut 2021; 290:118003. [PMID: 34425371 PMCID: PMC8373523 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic has led to concerns on the circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in the environment, its infectivity from the environment and, the relevance of transmission via environmental compartments. During 31 weeks, water samples were collected from a heavily contaminated stream going through an urban, underprivileged community without sewage collection. Our results showed a statistically significant correlation between cases of COVID-19 and SARS in the community, and SARS-CoV-2 concentrations in the water. Based on the model, if the concentrations of SARS-CoV-RNA (N1 and N2 target regions) increase 10 times, there is an expected increase of 104% [95%CI: (62-157%)] and 92% [95%CI: (51-143%)], respectively, in the number of cases of COVID-19 and SARS. We believe that differences in concentration of the virus in the environment reflect the epidemiological status in the community, which may be important information for surveillance and controlling dissemination in areas with vulnerable populations and poor sanitation. None of the samples were found infectious based cultures. Our results may be applicable globally as similar communities exist worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tereza Pepe Razzolini
- School of Public Health of Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil; NARA - Center for Research in Environmental Risk Assessment, Brazil.
| | - Mikaela Renata Funada Barbosa
- NARA - Center for Research in Environmental Risk Assessment, Brazil; CETESB - Environmental Company of São Paulo State, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Cássia Mendes-Correa
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ester C Sabino
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Anderson V de Paula
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucy S Villas-Boas
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvia Figueiredo Costa
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milena Dropa
- School of Public Health of Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Beatriz S Levin
- Guttman Community College, City University of New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Anna S Levin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Ghiglione B, Haim MS, Penzotti P, Brunetti F, D Amico González G, Di Conza J, Figueroa-Espinosa R, Nuñez L, Razzolini MTP, Fuga B, Esposito F, Vander Horden M, Lincopan N, Gutkind G, Power P, Dropa M. Characterization of Emerging Pathogens Carrying bla KPC-2 Gene in IncP-6 Plasmids Isolated From Urban Sewage in Argentina. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:722536. [PMID: 34504809 PMCID: PMC8421773 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.722536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Untreated wastewater is a reservoir for multidrug-resistant bacteria, but its role in the spread of antibiotic resistance in the human population remains poorly investigated. In this study, we isolated a KPC-2-producing ST2787 Klebsiella quasipneumoniae subsp. quasipneumoniae (WW14A), recovered from raw sewage at a wastewater treatment plant in Argentina in 2018 and determined its complete genome sequence. Strain WW14A was resistant to all β-lactams, ciprofloxacin and amikacin. A core genome phylogenetic analysis indicated that WW14A was closely related to a GES-5-producing Taiwanese strain isolated from hospital wastewater in 2015 and it was clearly distinct from strains isolated recently in Argentina and Brazil. Interestingly, blaKPC-2 was harbored by a recently described IncP-6 broad-spectrum plasmid which was sporadically reported worldwide and had never been reported before in Argentina. We investigated the presence of the IncP-6 replicon in isolates obtained from the same sampling and found a novel non-typable/IncP-6 hybrid plasmid in a newly assigned ST1407 Enterobacter asburiae (WW19C) also harboring blaKPC-2. Nanopore sequencing and hybrid assembly of strains WW14A and WW19C revealed that both IncP-6 plasmids shared 72% of coverage (~20 kb), with 99.99% of sequence similarity and each one also presented uniquely combined regions that were derived from other plasmids recently reported in different countries of South America, Asia, and Europe. The region harboring the carbapenem resistance gene (~11 kb) in both plasmids contained a Tn3 transposon disrupted by a Tn3-ISApu-flanked element and the core sequence was composed by ΔISKpn6/blaKPC-2/ΔblaTEM-1/ISKpn27. Both strains also carried genes conferring resistance to heavy metals (e.g., arsenic, mercury, lead, cadmium, copper), pesticides (e.g., glyphosate), disinfectants, and several virulence-related genes, posing a potential pathogenic risk in the case of infections. This is the first study documenting blaKPC-2 associated with IncP-6 plasmids in K. quasipneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae complex from wastewater in Argentina and highlights the circulation of IncP-6 plasmids as potential reservoirs of blaKPC-2 in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ghiglione
- Laboratorio de Resistencia Bacteriana, Instituto de Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Sol Haim
- Laboratorio de Resistencia Bacteriana, Instituto de Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro Penzotti
- Laboratorio de Resistencia Bacteriana, Instituto de Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Brunetti
- Laboratorio de Resistencia Bacteriana, Instituto de Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela D Amico González
- Laboratorio de Resistencia Bacteriana, Instituto de Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José Di Conza
- Laboratorio de Resistencia Bacteriana, Instituto de Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Roque Figueroa-Espinosa
- Laboratorio de Resistencia Bacteriana, Instituto de Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lidia Nuñez
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Salud Pública e Higiene Ambiental, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Tereza Pepe Razzolini
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental e Resistência Antimicrobiana - MicroRes, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Fuga
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Esposito
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maximiliano Vander Horden
- Ingeniería - Gerencia Técnica, Dirección de Saneamiento, Agua y Saneamientos Argentinos S.A. (AySA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nilton Lincopan
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Gutkind
- Laboratorio de Resistencia Bacteriana, Instituto de Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Power
- Laboratorio de Resistencia Bacteriana, Instituto de Bacteriología y Virología Molecular (IBaViM), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Milena Dropa
- Departamento de Saúde Ambiental, Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental e Resistência Antimicrobiana - MicroRes, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Santos GAC, Dropa M, Rocha SM, Peternella FAS, Razzolini MTP. Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in drinking water fountains in urban parks. J Water Health 2020; 18:654-664. [PMID: 33095190 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2020.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The presence of Staphylococcus aureus in drinking water is a concern because of its potential to cause human infection and also because of its multiple antimicrobial resistance. This study evaluated the water quality of drinking water fountains and mist makers in four municipal parks of São Paulo for 13 months. Although all samples met bacteriological water quality criteria according to Brazilian regulations, the absence of residual chlorine (<0.1 mg/L) was observed. These data were significantly correlated with the frequency of S. aureus that was found in 25.2% of the samples. The mecA gene was detected in 36.7% of the isolates demonstrating its potential for resistance to several antimicrobials. Furthermore, 27.3% isolates carrying the mecA gene had methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) phenotypic potential. The presence of S. aureus with characteristics of microbial resistance in water for human consumption is an unprecedented finding. Hence, conducting surveillance for opportunistic bacteria, such as staphylococci in drinking water, is reasonable to take control measures and to protect human health, especially in public places with high attendance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geyse A C Santos
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr Arnaldo, 715 - 1o andar 01246-904, São Paulo, Brazil E-mail: ; NARA - Center for Research in Environmental Risk Assessment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health of University of São Paulo, Av. Dr Arnaldo, 715 - 1o andar 01246-904, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milena Dropa
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr Arnaldo, 715 - 1o andar 01246-904, São Paulo, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Solange M Rocha
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr Arnaldo, 715 - 1o andar 01246-904, São Paulo, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Francisca A S Peternella
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr Arnaldo, 715 - 1o andar 01246-904, São Paulo, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Maria Tereza Pepe Razzolini
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr Arnaldo, 715 - 1o andar 01246-904, São Paulo, Brazil E-mail: ; NARA - Center for Research in Environmental Risk Assessment, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health of University of São Paulo, Av. Dr Arnaldo, 715 - 1o andar 01246-904, São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Fuentes-Castillo D, Esposito F, Cardoso B, Dalazen G, Moura Q, Fuga B, Fontana H, Cerdeira L, Dropa M, Rottmann J, González-Acuña D, Catão-Dias JL, Lincopan N. Genomic data reveal international lineages of critical priority Escherichia coli harbouring wide resistome in Andean condors (Vultur gryphus Linnaeus, 1758). Mol Ecol 2020; 29:1919-1935. [PMID: 32335957 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Critical priority pathogens have globally disseminated beyond clinical settings, thereby threatening wildlife. Andean Condors (Vultur gryphus) are essential for ecosystem health and functioning, but their populations are globally near threatened and declining due to anthropogenic activities. During a microbiological and genomic surveillance study of critical priority antibiotic-resistant pathogens, we identified pandemic lineages of multidrug-resistant extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli colonizing Andean Condors admitted at two wildlife rehabilitation centres in South America. Genomic analysis revealed the presence of genes encoding resistance to hospital and healthcare agents among international E. coli clones belonging to sequence types (STs) ST162, ST602, ST1196 and ST1485. In this regard, the resistome included genes conferring resistance to clinically important cephalosporins (i.e., CTX-M-14, CTX-M-55 and CTX-M-65 ESBL genes), heavy metals (arsenic, mercury, lead, cadmium, copper, silver), pesticides (glyphosate) and domestic/hospital disinfectants, suggesting a link with anthropogenic environmental pollution. On the other hand, the presence of virulence factors, including the astA gene associated with outbreak of childhood diarrhoea and extra-intestinal disease in animals, was identified, whereas virulent behaviour was confirmed using the Galleria mellonella infection model. E. coli ST162, ST602, ST1196 and ST1485 have been previously identified in humans and food-producing animals worldwide, indicating that a wide resistome could contribute to rapid adaptation and dissemination of these clones at the human-animal-environment interface. Therefore, these results highlight that Andean Condors have been colonized by critical priority pathogens, becoming potential environmental reservoirs and/or vectors for dissemination of virulent and antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and/or their genes, in associated ecosystems and wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Fuentes-Castillo
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Esposito
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Brenda Cardoso
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Dalazen
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Quézia Moura
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Fuga
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Herrison Fontana
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Louise Cerdeira
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milena Dropa
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel González-Acuña
- Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Concepción, Chillán, Chile
| | - José L Catão-Dias
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilton Lincopan
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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14
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de Araújo RS, Aguiar B, Dropa M, Razzolini MTP, Sato MIZ, de Souza Lauretto M, Galvani AT, Padula JA, Matté GR, Matté MH. Detection and molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium species and Giardia assemblages in two watersheds in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:15191-15203. [PMID: 29560592 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1620-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium and Giardia are associated with cases of water and foodborne outbreaks in the world. This study included 50 samples of surface raw water collected from two watersheds in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The isolation of (oo)cysts was performed in accordance with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's methods 1623 and genotypic characterization and quantification were carried out by Nested PCR and qPCR assays based on 18S rRNA and gdh genes, respectively. U.S. EPA 1623 method showed the presence of (oo)cysts in 40% ([Formula: see text] = 0.10 oocysts/L) and 100% ([Formula: see text] = 7.6 cysts/L) of samples from São Lourenço River, respectively, and 24% ([Formula: see text] = 0.8 oocysts/L) and 60% ([Formula: see text] = 1.64 cysts/L) of Guarapiranga Reservoir, respectively. The qPCR assay detected C. hominis/parvum in 52% (0.06 to 1.85 oocysts/L) of São Lourenço River and 64% (0.09 to 1.4 oocysts/L) of Guarapiranga Reservoir samples. Presence/absence test for Giardia intestinalis was positive in 92% of São Lourenço River and 8% of Guarapiranga Reservoir samples. The assemblage A was detected in 16% (0.58 to 2.67 cysts/L) in São Lourenço River and no positive samples were obtained for assemblage B in both water bodies. The characterization of anthroponotic species C. parvum/hominis, G. intestinalis, and assemblage A was valuable in the investigation of possible sources of contamination in the watersheds studied confirming the need of expanding environmental monitoring measures for protection of these water sources in our country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronalda Silva de Araújo
- Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Doutor Arnaldo 715, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Bruna Aguiar
- Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Doutor Arnaldo 715, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Milena Dropa
- Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Doutor Arnaldo 715, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Maria Tereza Pepe Razzolini
- Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Doutor Arnaldo 715, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Glavur Rogério Matté
- Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Doutor Arnaldo 715, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena Matté
- Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Doutor Arnaldo 715, São Paulo, SP, 01246-904, Brazil.
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15
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Pedro PM, Piper R, Bazilli Neto P, Cullen L, Dropa M, Lorencao R, Matté MH, Rech TC, Rufato MO, Silva M, Turati DT. Metabarcoding Analyses Enable Differentiation of Both Interspecific Assemblages and Intraspecific Divergence in Habitats With Differing Management Practices. Environ Entomol 2017; 46:1381-1389. [PMID: 29069398 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvx166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Spatial and temporal collections provide important data on the distribution and dispersal of species. Regional-scale monitoring invariably involves hundreds of thousands of samples, the identification of which is costly in both time and money. In this respect, metabarcoding is increasingly seen as a viable alternative to traditional morphological identification, as it eliminates the taxonomic bottleneck previously impeding such work. Here, we assess whether terrestrial arthropods collected from 12 pitfall traps in two farms of a coffee (Coffea arabica L.) growing region of Sao Paulo State, Brazil could differentiate the two locations. We sequenced a portion of the cytochrome oxidase 1 region from minimally processed pools of samples and assessed inter- and intraspecific parameters across the two locations. Our sequencing was sufficient to circumscribe the overall diversity, which was characterized by few dominant taxa, principally small Coleoptera species and Collembola. Thirty-four operational taxonomic units were detected and of these, eight were present in significantly different quantities between the two farms. Analysis of community-wide Beta diversity grouped collections based on farm provenance. Moreover, haplotype-based analyses for a species of Xyleborus beetle showed that there is significant population genetic structuring between the two farms, suggesting limited dispersal. We conclude that metabarcoding can provide important management input and, considering the rapidly declining cost of sequencing, suggest that large-scale monitoring is now feasible and can identify both the taxa present as well as contribute information about genetic diversity of focal species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ross Piper
- The Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
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16
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Nascimento T, Cantamessa R, Melo L, Fernandes MR, Fraga E, Dropa M, Sato MIZ, Cerdeira L, Lincopan N. International high-risk clones of Klebsiella pneumoniae KPC-2/CC258 and Escherichia coli CTX-M-15/CC10 in urban lake waters. Sci Total Environ 2017; 598:910-915. [PMID: 28458208 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of high-risk clones of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in aquatic environments has generated an important public health problem, creating an urgent need to strengthen surveillance. This study reports the occurrence of clinically significant MDR Enterobacteriaceae and non-fermentative bacteria carrying carbapenemases (KPC-2), extended-spectrum β-lactamases (CTX-M) and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes in urban lakes and reservoirs, in Southeastern Brazil. In this regard, the detection of hospital-associated lineages of KPC-2-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae belonging to the international clonal complex CC258 (ST11) and CTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli belonging to the international CC10 (ST617), in an urban lake, is reported for the first time. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis of KPC-2-producing K. pneumoniae ST11 revealed that blaKPC-2 gene was carried by an IncN plasmid on a Tn4401b element. This study support that aquatic environments with public access can act as reservoirs of clinically important MDR bacteria, constituting a potential risk to human and animal health. On the other hand, the detection of high-risk clones highlights the extra-hospital spread of clinically significant bacteria into urban aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane Nascimento
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Cantamessa
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana Melo
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miriam R Fernandes
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edmir Fraga
- School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milena Dropa
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria I Z Sato
- Environmental Company of São Paulo State (CETESB), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Louise Cerdeira
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilton Lincopan
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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17
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Moura Q, Fernandes MR, Silva KC, Monte DF, Esposito F, Dropa M, Noronha C, Moreno AM, Landgraf M, Negrão FJ, Lincopan N. Virulent nontyphoidal Salmonella producing CTX-M and CMY-2 β-lactamases from livestock, food and human infection, Brazil. Virulence 2017; 9:281-286. [PMID: 28102761 PMCID: PMC5955470 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2017.1279779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Quézia Moura
- a Department of Microbiology , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Miriam R Fernandes
- b Department of Clinical Analysis , School of Pharmacy, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Ketrin C Silva
- c School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Daniel F Monte
- d Food and Experimental Nutrition Department , School of Pharmacy & Food Research Center, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Fernanda Esposito
- b Department of Clinical Analysis , School of Pharmacy, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Milena Dropa
- e Public Health Laboratory, School of Public Health, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - César Noronha
- f State Center for Clinical Analysis , São Paulo, São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Andrea M Moreno
- c School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Mariza Landgraf
- d Food and Experimental Nutrition Department , School of Pharmacy & Food Research Center, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Fábio J Negrão
- g Health Sciences Research Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados , Dourados , Brazil
| | - Nilton Lincopan
- a Department of Microbiology , Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil.,b Department of Clinical Analysis , School of Pharmacy, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
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18
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Zappelini L, Martone-Rocha S, Dropa M, Matté MH, Tiba MR, Breternitz BS, Razzolini MTP. Effective characterization of Salmonella Enteritidis by most probable number (MPN) followed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:4828-4834. [PMID: 27987122 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8109-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) is a relevant pathogen involved in gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. In this study, we determined the capacity to combine the most probable number (MPN) and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods to characterize the most important Salmonella serotypes in raw sewage. A total of 499 isolates were recovered from 27 raw sewage samples and screened using two previously described multiplex PCR methods. From those, 123 isolates were selected based on PCR banding pattern-identical or similar to Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium-and submitted to conventional serotyping. Results showed that both PCR assays correctly serotyped Salmonella Enteritidis, however, they presented ambiguous results for Salmonella Typhimurium identification. These data highlight that MPN and multiplex PCR can be useful methods to describe microbial quality in raw sewage and suggest two new PCR patterns for Salmonella Enteritidis identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lincohn Zappelini
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Solange Martone-Rocha
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Milena Dropa
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena Matté
- Department of Public Health Practice, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Monique Ribeiro Tiba
- Center of Enteric Diseases and Special Pathogens Infections, Bacteriology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Suellen Breternitz
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Ghiglione B, Rodríguez M, Brunetti F, Dropa M, Curto L, Power P, Gutkind G. Poblational and biochemical-structural analyses on CTX-M β-lactamases harboring the D240G mutation reveal that E. coli populations with decreased susceptibility to ceftazidime preexist under a multifactorial resistance profile. Int J Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.11.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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20
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Ulloa-Stanojlović FM, Aguiar B, Jara LM, Sato MIZ, Guerrero JA, Hachich E, Matté GR, Dropa M, Matté MH, de Araújo RS. Occurrence of Giardia intestinalis and Cryptosporidium sp. in wastewater samples from São Paulo State, Brazil, and Lima, Peru. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:22197-22205. [PMID: 27638793 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7537-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of the study were to detect and genotype Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia intestinalis in wastewater samples obtained from five cities with high transit of people in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, and at the entrance of a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) in Lima, Peru. Samples were collected and concentrated by centrifugation. The genomic DNA was extracted for molecular characterization by nested PCR for Cryptosporidium and double nested PCR for Giardia, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. G. intestinalis was found in 63.6 % of the samples, and the human assemblages A and B were identified. Cryptosporidium sp. was found in 36.4 % of the samples, and the species were corresponding to Cryptosporidium hominis, Cryptosporidium cuniculus, and Cryptosporidium muris. Results revealed the presence of human pathogenic Cryptosporidium species and G. intestinalis human pathogenic assemblages. Molecular tools highlight the importance to map the genetic diversity of these parasites, as well as to detect their epidemiological circulation pathway in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruna Aguiar
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis M Jara
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | | | | | - Elayse Hachich
- Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo-CETESB, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Milena Dropa
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Fernandes MR, Moura Q, Sartori L, Silva KC, Cunha MPV, Esposito F, Lopes R, Otutumi LK, Gonçalves DD, Dropa M, Matté MH, Monte DFM, Landgraf M, Francisco GR, Bueno MFC, de Oliveira Garcia D, Knöbl T, Moreno AM, Lincopan N. Silent dissemination of colistin-resistant Escherichia coli in South America could contribute to the global spread of the mcr-1 gene. Euro Surveill 2016; 21:30214. [DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2016.21.17.30214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During a Brazilian multicentric antimicrobial resistance surveillance study, colistin resistance was investigated in 4,620 Enterobacteriaceae isolated from human, animal, food and environmental samples collected from 2000 to 2016. We present evidence that mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli has been emerging in South America since at least 2012, supporting a previous report on the possible acquisition of mcr-1-harbouring E. coli by European travellers visiting Latin American countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam R Fernandes
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Quezia Moura
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Sartori
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ketrin C Silva
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos PV Cunha
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Esposito
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ralf Lopes
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana K Otutumi
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Paranaense, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Daniela D Gonçalves
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Paranaense, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Milena Dropa
- Public Health Laboratory, School of Public Health, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria H Matté
- Public Health Laboratory, School of Public Health, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel FM Monte
- Food and Experimental Nutrition Department, School of Pharmacy & Food Research Center, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariza Landgraf
- Food and Experimental Nutrition Department, School of Pharmacy & Food Research Center, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria FC Bueno
- Center of Bacteriology, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Terezinha Knöbl
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea M Moreno
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nilton Lincopan
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Dropa M, Lincopan N, Balsalobre LC, Oliveira DE, Moura RA, Fernandes MR, da Silva QM, Matté GR, Sato MIZ, Matté MH. Genetic background of novel sequence types of CTX-M-8- and CTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from public wastewater treatment plants in São Paulo, Brazil. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:4953-4958. [PMID: 26782324 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The release of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae to the environment is a public health issue worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the genetic background of genes encoding ESBLs in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. In 2009, during a local surveillance study, seven ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae strains were recovered from five WWTPs and screened for ESBL genes and mobile genetic elements. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was carried out, and wild plasmids were transformed into electrocompetent Escherichia coli. S1-PFGE technique was used to verify the presence of high molecular weight plasmids in wild-type strains and in bla ESBL-containing E. coli transformants. Strains harbored bla CTX-M-8, bla CTX-M-15, and/or bla SHV-28. Sequencing results showed that bla CTX-M-8 and bla CTX-M-15 genes were associated with IS26. MLST revealed new sequence types for E. coli (ST4401, ST4402, ST4403, and ST4445) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (ST1574), except for one K. pneumoniae from ST307 and Enterobacter cloacae from ST131. PCR and S1-PFGE results showed CTX-M-producing E. coli transformants carried heavy plasmids sizing 48.5-209 kb, which belonged to IncI1, IncF, and IncM1 incompatibility groups. This is the first report of CTX-M-8 and SHV-28 enzymes in environmental samples, and the present results demonstrate the plasmid-mediated spread of CTX-M-encoding genes through five WWTPs in São Paulo, Brazil, suggesting WWTPs are hotspots for the transfer of ESBL genes and confirming the urgent need to improve the management of sewage in order to minimize the dissemination of resistance genes to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Dropa
- Public Health Laboratory, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 715, Cerqueira César, 01146-904, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Nilton Lincopan
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1374, Butantã, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, Butantã, 05434-070, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Livia C Balsalobre
- Public Health Laboratory, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 715, Cerqueira César, 01146-904, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Danielle E Oliveira
- Public Health Laboratory, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 715, Cerqueira César, 01146-904, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Moura
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1374, Butantã, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Miriam Rodriguez Fernandes
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 580, Butantã, 05434-070, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Quézia Moura da Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 1374, Butantã, 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Glavur R Matté
- Public Health Laboratory, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 715, Cerqueira César, 01146-904, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria I Z Sato
- Environmental Company of São Paulo State (CETESB), Avenida Professor Frederico Hermann Jr, 345, Pinheiros, 05489-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria H Matté
- Public Health Laboratory, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Dr. Arnaldo 715, Cerqueira César, 01146-904, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Dropa M, Balsalobre LC, Lincopan N, Matté GR, Matté MH. Complex class 1 integrons harboring CTX-M-2-encoding genes in clinical Enterobacteriaceae from a hospital in Brazil. J Infect Dev Ctries 2015; 9:890-7. [PMID: 26322883 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.6241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION CTX-M enzymes are the most prevalent extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in Brazil and around the world. The spread of CTX-M lies in their ability to be mobilized by insertion sequences and integrons. This study aimed to identify the mobile genetic structures associated with bla(CTX-M) genes from clinical Enterobacteriaceae strains. METHODOLOGY Twenty-eight clinical non-clonal Enterobacteriaceae were screened by PCR for the presence of bla(CTX-M) genes and class 1 integrase (int1), and for the association of bla(CTX-M) with class 1 integrons. Plasmid incompatibility groups were assessed by PBRT. Wild-type plasmids were transformed into electrocompetent E. coli, and the S1-PFGE technique was used to verify the presence of high-molecular-weight plasmids in both wild-type strains and E. coli transformants. RESULTS Sequencing showed that strains carried bla(CTX-M-2) (n = 25) and bla(CTX-M-59) (n = 3) genes inserted into the 3'-end of complex class 1 integrons. Thirteen strains also carried bla(TEM) and bla(SHV) genes. CTX-M-2/59-containing complex class 1 integrons were also present in E. coli transformants. The most frequent Inc groups were IncA/C (n = 10) and IncF (n = 8). Heavy plasmids were observed in both wild-type strains and E. coli transformants. CONCLUSIONS The presence of the same bla(CTX-M-2-group)-containing genetic structure in seven Enterobacteriaceae species isolated at seven hospital wards shows the great mobility potential of complex class 1 integrons. Also, this is the first report of TEM-15, SHV-45, and SHV-55 in Latin America. The genetic environment of bla(CTX-M-2) accounts for their maintenance and spread among Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Dropa
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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24
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Ghiglione B, Rodríguez MM, Herman R, Curto L, Dropa M, Bouillenne F, Kerff F, Galleni M, Charlier P, Gutkind G, Sauvage E, Power P. Structural and Kinetic Insights into the "Ceftazidimase" Behavior of the Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase CTX-M-96. Biochemistry 2015; 54:5072-82. [PMID: 26228623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Diversification of the CTX-M β-lactamases led to the emergence of variants responsible for decreased susceptibility to ceftazidime, like the Asp240Gly-harboring "ceftazidimases". We solved the crystallographic structure of the Asp240Gly variant CTX-M-96 at 1.2 Å and evaluated the role of Asp240 in the activity toward oxyimino-cephalosporins through simulated models and kinetics. There seem to be subtle changes in the conformation of the active site cavity of CTX-M-96, compared to enzyme variants harboring the Asp240, and these small rearrangements could be due to localized shifts in the environment of the β3 strand. According to the crystallographic evidence, CTX-M-96 presents a "compact" active site, which in spite of its reduced cavity seems to allow the proper interaction with oxyimino-cephalosporins, as suggested by simulated models. The term "ceftazidimases" that is currently applied for the Asp240Gly-harboring CTX-M variants should be used carefully. Structural differences between CTX-M harboring the Asp240Gly mutation (and also probably others like those at Pro167) do not seem to be conclusive to determine the "ceftazidimase" behavior observed in vivo, which is in turn partially supported by the mild improvement in the catalytic efficiency toward ceftazidime by CTX-M-96 and similar enzymes, compared to "parental" Asp240-harboring variants. In addition, it is observed that alterations in OmpF expression could act synergistically with CTX-M-96 for yielding clinical resistance toward ceftazidime. We therefore propose that the observed resistance in vivo is due to the sum of synergic mechanisms, and the term "cefotaximases associated with ceftazidime resistance" could be conveniently used to describe CTX-M harboring the Asp240Gly substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raphaël Herman
- ‡Centre d'Ingéniérie des Protéines, Université de Liège, B-4000 Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Milena Dropa
- ∥Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabrice Bouillenne
- ‡Centre d'Ingéniérie des Protéines, Université de Liège, B-4000 Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Kerff
- ‡Centre d'Ingéniérie des Protéines, Université de Liège, B-4000 Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Moreno Galleni
- ‡Centre d'Ingéniérie des Protéines, Université de Liège, B-4000 Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Paulette Charlier
- ‡Centre d'Ingéniérie des Protéines, Université de Liège, B-4000 Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Eric Sauvage
- ‡Centre d'Ingéniérie des Protéines, Université de Liège, B-4000 Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
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Casella T, Rodríguez MM, Takahashi JT, Ghiglione B, Dropa M, Assunção E, Nogueira ML, Lincopan N, Gutkind G, Nogueira MCL. Detection of blaCTX-M-type genes in complex class 1 integrons carried by Enterobacteriaceae isolated from retail chicken meat in Brazil. Int J Food Microbiol 2014; 197:88-91. [PMID: 25576985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
CTX-M-type extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae have been increasingly identified in humans and animals, and their potential transmission by contaminated food has been highlighted. In this study, we report for the first time the isolation of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis strains harboring blaCTXM-2 or blaCTXM-8 gene variants in chicken meat sold in markets in southeast Brazil. In this regard, the genetic environment of the blaCTX-M-2 gene is composed of a complex class 1 integron and an ISCR1-associated sequence with dfr and/or aadA gene cassettes located within the variable region. In summary, chicken meat may be a reservoir of MDR Enterobacteriaceae harboring blaCTX-M-type genes, which is a public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Casella
- Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - María Margarita Rodríguez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, BA, Argentina
| | | | - Barbara Ghiglione
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, BA, Argentina
| | - Milena Dropa
- Departamento de Prática de Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ednei Assunção
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Nilton Lincopan
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Gutkind
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, BA, Argentina
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Krzyzanowski F, Zappelini L, Martone-Rocha S, Dropa M, Matté MH, Nacache F, Razzolini MTP. Quantification and characterization of Salmonella spp. isolates in sewage sludge with potential usage in agriculture. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:263. [PMID: 25927729 PMCID: PMC4207900 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-014-0263-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aims to scrutinize Salmonella spp. and its serotypes in sewage sludge samples from wastewater treatment plants, and assesses the presence of virulence genes and antibiotics resistant to the profile. Samples (n = 54) were collected and analyzed in accordance with the EPA Method 1682/2006. For positive serological reaction, 40 strains were selected for PCR analyses and detection of spvC, invA and sseL virulence genes, plasmid presence and resistance to antibiotics. Results Salmonella spp. was detected in 38.9% of the samples collected (<0.006473 to 12.19 MPN/gTS). The most prevalent serotype was Salmonella Infantis. All Salmonella spp. (n = 35) presented at least one of the three virulence genes mentioned above and 40% harboured plasmids. Salmonella Typhimurium strains were isolated harbouring at least one of the following virulence genes: spvC, invA or sseL. Four Salmonella spp. isolates were resistant to tetracycline; three were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and one isolate was resistant to ciprofloxacin. Two Salmonella spp. strains presented multi resistance to antimicrobial agents. Conclusions The results obtained demonstrated that Salmonella spp. have been found in sewage sludge, thus it is essential to set measures to mitigate human health risks when it is intended to be applied on agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Krzyzanowski
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo - Brasil, Rua Pedro Vicente 625, 01109-010, São Paulo, Brazil. .,School of Public Health of University of São Paulo-Brazil, Av. Dr Arnaldo 715, 1°andar, 01246-904, São Paulo, Brasil.
| | - Lincohn Zappelini
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo - Brasil, Rua Pedro Vicente 625, 01109-010, São Paulo, Brazil. .,School of Public Health of University of São Paulo-Brazil, Av. Dr Arnaldo 715, 1°andar, 01246-904, São Paulo, Brasil.
| | - Solange Martone-Rocha
- School of Public Health of University of São Paulo-Brazil, Av. Dr Arnaldo 715, 1°andar, 01246-904, São Paulo, Brasil.
| | - Milena Dropa
- School of Public Health of University of São Paulo-Brazil, Av. Dr Arnaldo 715, 1°andar, 01246-904, São Paulo, Brasil.
| | - Maria Helena Matté
- School of Public Health of University of São Paulo-Brazil, Av. Dr Arnaldo 715, 1°andar, 01246-904, São Paulo, Brasil.
| | - Flávia Nacache
- School of Public Health of University of São Paulo-Brazil, Av. Dr Arnaldo 715, 1°andar, 01246-904, São Paulo, Brasil.
| | - Maria Tereza Pepe Razzolini
- School of Public Health of University of São Paulo-Brazil, Av. Dr Arnaldo 715, 1°andar, 01246-904, São Paulo, Brasil.
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Abstract
Multiple papers have been published regarding the bacterial resistance theme over the last years. A variety of information has reached general and scientific public, daily bringing up data on new resistant microorganisms, new drugs, outbreaks, epidemiological news, resistance gene dissemination, and the lack of information in a particular field has caught our attention: the public health department. Most of researchers, physicians and government employees interpret the public health field as a separate department, not linked to this antibiotic resistance era that we are living nowadays. In this paper we carefully tried to fill in the blanks between public health and the bacteria resistance issue, also considering historical, social, economical and biological problematic that come with this possible pre-antibiotic era.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milena Dropa
- Laboratório de Saúde Pública Faculdade de Saúde Pública Universidade de São Paulo São PauloSP Brazil
| | - Maria Helena Matté
- Laboratório de Saúde Pública Faculdade de Saúde Pública Universidade de São Paulo São PauloSP Brazil
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Oliveira S, Moura RA, Silva KC, Pavez M, McCulloch JA, Dropa M, Matte MH, Mamizuka EM, Sato MIZ, Pestana de Castro AF, Lincopan N. Isolation of KPC-2-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains belonging to the high-risk multiresistant clonal complex 11 (ST437 and ST340) in urban rivers. J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 69:849-52. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Rojas MVR, Matté MH, Dropa M, Silva MLD, Matté GR. Characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from oysters and mussels in São Paulo, Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2012; 53:201-5. [PMID: 21915463 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652011000400005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a marine bacterium, responsible for gastroenteritis in humans. Most of the clinical isolates produce thermostable direct hemolysin (TDH) and TDH-related hemolysin (TRH) encoded by tdh and trh genes respectively. In this study, twenty-three V. parahaemolyticus, previously isolated from oysters and mussels were analyzed by PCR using specific primers for the 16S rRNA and virulence genes (tdh, trh and tlh) and for resistance to different classes of antibiotics and PFGE. Nineteen isolates were confirmed by PCR as V. parahaemolyticus. The tlh gene was present in 100% of isolates, the tdh gene was identified in two (10.5%) isolates, whereas the gene trh was not detected. Each isolate was resistant to at least one of the nine antimicrobials tested. Additionally, all isolates possessed the blaTEM-116 gene. The presence of this gene in V. parahaemolyticus indicates the possibility of spreading this gene in the environment. Atypical strains of V. parahaemolyticus were also detected in this study.
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Araújo RS, Dropa M, Fernandes LN, Carvalho TT, Sato MIZ, Soares RM, Matté GR, Matté MH. Genotypic characterization of Cryptosporidium hominis from water samples in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2011; 85:834-8. [PMID: 22049036 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Cryptosporidium has emerged as one of the most important water contaminants, causing waterborne outbreaks of diarrheal diseases worldwide. The small size of oocysts under the microscope and the possibility of changes in characteristics of oocysts, mainly in environmental samples, make the taxonomy of the genus difficult if morphologic characteristics are considered. This limitation encouraged the application of molecular methods to identify this microorganism. The aim of this study was to detect and identify by nested-polymerase chain reaction oocysts of Cryptosporidium present in water samples in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Water samples were concentrated through a membrane filter, DNA was extracted by using a standard technique, and both amplification reactions used forward and reverse oligonucleotides that were complementary to Cryptosporidium 18S ribosomal RNA gene sequences. Thirty water samples from different sites of collection in the state of São Paulo were evaluated. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 30% of the samples. By genoptyping, C. hominis and Cryptosporidium sp. were identified in recreational water and C. meleagridis was identified in surface water samples. This is the first report of C. hominis in environmental samples in Brazil. Although identification of Cryptosporidium is still a difficult task, molecular methods are essential for specific identification and are a helpful tool to aid to understand the epidemiology of this parasite in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronalda S Araújo
- Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
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Rizek CF, Matté MH, Dropa M, Mamizuka EM, de Almeida LM, Lincopan N, Matté GR, Germano PML. Identification of Staphylococcus aureus carrying the mecA gene in ready-to-eat food products sold in Brazil. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2011; 8:561-3. [PMID: 21453120 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2010.0706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since Staphylococcus aureus can cause several types of diseases, the development of antibiotic resistance poses an even greater threat to public health. S. aureus is known to possess the adaptive capability to promptly respond to antibiotics, making it resistant and increasingly difficult to treat; methicillin-resistant strains of S. aureus are a major concern with regard to this species. Previous studies reported the identification of methicillin-resistant S. aureus in food, demonstrating that this can represent a source of S. aureus which may carry the mecA gene. Fifty-seven S. aureus isolates, previously obtained from different types of food, were screened by polymerase chain reaction with specific primers for the mecA gene, which mediates methicillin resistance. Five (9%) isolates showed the presence of mecA gene, demonstrating that food may contain microorganisms possessing resistance genes. This study emphasizes the need to include food as a possible source of S. aureus carrying mecA gene and the need to monitor these products. Moreover, this is the first report of the presence of mecA genes in S. aureus isolated from ready-to-eat food in Brazil and Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Fonseca Rizek
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Doutor Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil.
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Martone-Rocha S, Piveli RP, Matté GR, Dória MC, Dropa M, Morita M, Peternella FA, Matté MH. Dynamics of Aeromonas species isolated from wastewater treatment system. J Water Health 2010; 8:703-711. [PMID: 20705981 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2010.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas are widely distributed in the aquatic environment, and are considered to be emerging organisms that can produce a series of virulence factors. The present study was carried out in a sanitary sewage stabilization pond treatment system, located in Lins, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Most probable number was applied for estimation of the genus Aeromonas. Colony isolation was carried out on blood agar ampicillin and confirmed by biochemical characterization. Aeromonas species were isolated in 72.4% of influent samples, and in 55.2 and 48.3% of effluent from anaerobic and facultative lagoons, respectively. Thirteen Aeromonas species were isolated, representing most of the recognized species of these organisms. Even though it was possible to observe a tendency of decrease, total elimination of these organisms from the studied system was not achieved. Understanding of the pathogenic organism's dynamics in wastewater treatment systems with a reuse potential is especially important because of the risk it represents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Martone-Rocha
- Laboratory of Public Health, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Professor Almeida Prado 271, 05508-900 São Paulo SP, Brazil
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Balsalobre LC, Dropa M, de Oliveira DE, Lincopan N, Mamizuka EM, Matté GR, Matté MH. Presence of bla TEM-116 Gene in Environmental Isolates of Aeromonas Hydrophila and Aeromonas Jandaei from Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2010; 41:718-9. [PMID: 24031548 PMCID: PMC3768657 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822010000300023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2009] [Revised: 09/08/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that Aeromonas spp. possess different chromosomal β-lactamase genes. Presence and phenotypic expression of blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M ESBL-encoding genes were investigated in environmental water isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas jandaei. Presence of blaSHV and blaCTX-M genes was not observed, and blaTEM gene was verified in 91% of the isolates. Sequencing of 10 fragments showed the occurrence of blaTEM-116.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Carminato Balsalobre
- Laboratório de Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Saúde Pública , Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP , Brasil
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Dropa M, Balsalobre L, Lincopan N, Mamizuka E, Cassettari V, Matté G, Matté M. Emergence of Klebsiella pneumoniae carrying the novel extended-spectrum β-lactamase gene variants blaSHV-40, blaTEM-116 and the class 1 integronassociated blaGES-7 in Brazil. Clin Microbiol Infect 2010; 16:630-2. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02944.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Balsalobre LC, Dropa M, Matté GR, Matté MH. Molecular detection of enterotoxins in environmental strains of Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas jandaei. J Water Health 2009; 7:685-691. [PMID: 19590136 DOI: 10.2166/wh.2009.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Accepted: 03/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas species are widely distributed in aquatic environments and recent studies include the genus in the emergent pathogens group because of its frequent association with local and systemic infections in immunocompetent humans. Aiming to search for virulence genes in environmental strains of Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas jandaei, we designed specific primers to detect act/hlyA/aer complex and alt genes. Primers described elsewhere were used to detect ast. Eighty-seven strains previously identified using phenotypic and genotypic tests as A. hydrophila (41) and A. jandaei (46) were analysed for the presence of the virulence genes using PCR. DNA fragments of expected size were purified and directly sequenced. Among the 41 strains of A. hydrophila 70.7% (29), 97.6% (40) and 26.8% (11) possessed act/hlyA/aer complex, ast and alt genes, respectively. Among the 46 strains of A. jandaei, 4.4% (2), 0% (0) and 32.6% (15) were positive for act/hly A/aer complex, ast and alt genes, respectively. Sequencing allowed for the confirmation of amplified products using BLAST. The present work proposes a specific and rapid diagnostic method to detect the main virulence determinants of Aeromonas, a genus potentially pathogenic to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Balsalobre
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Doutor Arnaldo 715, 01246-904 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Dropa M, Balsalobre LC, Lincopan N, Mamizuka EM, Murakami T, Cassettari VC, Franco F, Guida SM, Balabakis AJ, Passadore LF, Santos SR, Matté GR, Matté MH. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among Enterobacteriaceae isolated in a public hospital in Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2009; 51:203-9. [PMID: 19739000 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652009000400005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) in enterobacteria are recognized worldwide as a great hospital problem. In this study, 127 ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated in one year from inpatients and outpatients at a public teaching hospital at São Paulo, Brazil, were submitted to analysis by PCR with specific primers for bla SHV, bla TEM and bla CTX-M genes. From the 127 isolates, 96 (75.6%) Klebsiella pneumoniae, 12 (9.3%) Escherichia coli, 8 (6.2%) Morganella morganii, 3 (2.3%) Proteus mirabilis, 2 (1.6%) Klebsiella oxytoca, 2 (1.6%) Providencia rettgeri, 2 (1.6%) Providencia stuartti, 1 (0.8%) Enterobacter aerogenes and 1 (0.8%) Enterobacter cloacae were identified as ESBL producers. Bla SHV, bla TEM and bla CTX-M were detected in 63%, 17.3% and 33.9% strains, respectively. Pulsed field gel eletrophoresis genotyping of K. pneumoniae revealed four main molecular patterns and 29 unrelated profiles. PCR results showed a high variety of ESBL groups among strains, in nine different species. The results suggest the spread of resistance genes among genetically different strains of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae in some hospital wards, and also that some strongly related strains were identified in different hospital wards, suggesting clonal spread in the institutional environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Dropa
- Public Health Laboratory, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Balsalobre LC, Dropa M, Lincopan N, Mamizuka EM, Matté GR, Matté MH. Detection of metallo-beta-lactamases-encoding genes in environmental isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas jandaei. Lett Appl Microbiol 2009; 49:142-5. [PMID: 19413767 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2009.02625.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the prevalence and expression of metallo-beta-lactamases (MBL)-encoding genes in Aeromonas species recovered from natural water reservoirs in southeastern Brazil. METHODS AND RESULTS Eighty-seven Aeromonas isolates belonging to Aeromonas hydrophila (n = 41) and Aer. jandaei (n = 46) species were tested for MBL production by the combined disk test using imipenem and meropenem disks as substrates and EDTA or thioglycolic acid as inhibitors. The presence of MBL genes was investigated by PCR and sequencing using new consensus primer pairs designed in this study. The cphA gene was found in 97.6% and 100% of Aer. hydrophila and Aer. jandaei isolates, respectively, whereas the acquired MBL genes bla(IMP), bla(VIM) and bla(SPM-1) were not detected. On the other hand, production of MBL activity was detectable in 87.8% and 10.9% of the cphA-positive Aer. hydrophila and Aer. jandaei isolates respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that cphA seems to be intrinsic in the environmental isolates of Aer. hydrophila and Aer. jandaei in southeastern Brazil, although, based on the combined disk test, not all of them are apparently able to express the enzymatic activity. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These data confirm the presence of MBL-producing Aeromonas species in natural water reservoirs. Risk of waterborne diseases owing to domestic and industrial uses of freshwater should be re-examined from the increase of bacterial resistance point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Balsalobre
- Public Health Laboratory, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Pavez M, Neves P, Dropa M, Matté MH, Grinbaum RS, Elmor de Araújo MR, Mamizuka EM, Lincopan N. Emergence of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli producing CMY-2-type AmpC β-lactamase in Brazil. J Med Microbiol 2008; 57:1590-1592. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.2008/002774-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Pavez
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, CP 66083, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Neves
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, CP 66083, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Milena Dropa
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Doutor Arnaldo 715, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria H. Matté
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Doutor Arnaldo 715, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato S. Grinbaum
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Team, Hospital Beneficiência Portuguesa, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria R. Elmor de Araújo
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Team, Hospital Beneficiência Portuguesa, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elsa M. Mamizuka
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, CP 66083, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nilton Lincopan
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, University of São Paulo, CP 66083, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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