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Kollessery G, Nordgren TM, Mittal AK, Joshi SS, Sanderson SD. Tumor-specific peptide-based vaccines containing the conformationally biased, response-selective C5a agonists EP54 and EP67 protect against aggressive large B cell lymphoma in a syngeneic murine model. Vaccine 2011; 29:5904-10. [PMID: 21723901 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.06.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Accepted: 06/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines to large B cell lymphoma were made by the covalent attachment of an epitope from the gp70 glycoprotein (SSWDFITV) to the N-termini of the conformationally biased, response-selective C5a agonists EP54 (YSFKPMPLaR) and EP67 (YSFKDMP(MeL)aR). Syngeneic Balb/c mice were immunized with these EP54/EP67-containing vaccines and challenged with a lethal dose of the highly liver metastatic and gp70-expressing lymphoma cell line RAW117-H10 to evaluate the ability of these vaccines to induce protective immune outcomes. All mice immunized with SSWDFITVRRYSFKPMPLaR (Vaccine 2) and SSWDFITVRRYSFKDMP(MeL)aR (Vaccine 3) were protected to a lethal challenge of RAW117-H10 lymphoma (>170 days survival) and exhibited no lymphoma infiltration or solid tumor nodules in the liver relative to unvaccinated controls (<18 days survival). Vaccines 2 and 3 contained the protease-sensitive double-Arg (RR) linker sequence between the epitope and the EP54/EP67 moieties in order to provide a site for intracellular proteases to separate the epitope from the EP54/EP67 moieties once internalized by the APC and, consequently, enhance epitope presentation in the context of MHC I/II. These protected mice exhibited an immune outcome consistent with increased involvement of CD8(+) and/or CD4(+) T lymphocytes relative to controls and mice that did not survive or showed low survival rates as with Vaccines 1 and 4, which lacked the RR linker sequence. CD8(+) T lymphocytes activated in response to Vaccines 2 and 3 express cytotoxic specificity for gp70-expressing RAW117-H10 lymphoma cells, but not antigen-irrelevant MDA-MB231A human breast cancer cells. Results are discussed against the backdrop of the ability of EP54/EP67 to selectively target antigens to and activate C5a receptor-bearing antigen presenting cells and the prospects of using such vaccines therapeutically against lymphoma and other cancers.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cancer Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Cancer Vaccines/chemistry
- Cancer Vaccines/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Complement C5a/agonists
- Complement C5a/chemistry
- Complement C5a/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/mortality
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/prevention & control
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Peptide Fragments/chemistry
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Protein Conformation
- Survival Analysis
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Transplantation, Isogeneic
- Treatment Outcome
- Vaccines, Subunit/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Subunit/chemistry
- Vaccines, Subunit/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Kollessery
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986395 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6395, United States
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2
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Brodin P, Lakshmikanth T, Mehr R, Johansson MH, Duru AD, Achour A, Salmon-Divon M, Kärre K, Höglund P, Johansson S. Natural killer cell tolerance persists despite significant reduction of self MHC class I on normal target cells in mice. PLoS One 2010; 5. [PMID: 20957233 PMCID: PMC2949391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major group of murine inhibitory receptors on Natural Killer (NK) cells belong to the Ly49 receptor family and recognize MHC class I molecules. Infected or transformed target cells frequently downmodulate MHC class I molecules and can thus avoid CD8(+) T cell attack, but may at the same time develop NK cell sensitivity, due to failure to express inhibitory ligands for Ly49 receptors. The extent of MHC class I downregulation needed on normal cells to trigger NK cell effector functions is not known. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we show that cells expressing MHC class I to levels well below half of the host level are tolerated in an in vivo assay in mice. Hemizygous expression (expression from only one allele) of MHC class I was sufficient to induce Ly49 receptor downmodulation on NK cells to a similar degree as homozygous expression, despite a strongly reduced cell surface level of MHC class I. Co-expression of weaker MHC class I ligands in the host did not have any further effect on the degree of Ly49 downmodulation. Furthermore, a single MHC class I allele could downmodulate up to three Ly49 receptors on individual NK cells. Only when NK cells simultaneously expressed several Ly49 receptors and hemizygous MHC class I levels, a putative threshold for Ly49 downmodulation was reached. CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings suggest that in interactions between NK cells and normal untransformed cells, MHC class I molecules are in most cases expressed in excess compared to what is functionally needed to ensure self tolerance and to induce maximal Ly49 downmodulation. We speculate that the reason for this is to maintain a safety margin for otherwise normal, autologous cells over a range of MHC class I expression levels, in order to ensure robustness in NK cell tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petter Brodin
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tadepally Lakshmikanth
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ramit Mehr
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Maria H. Johansson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adil Doganay Duru
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Adnane Achour
- Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Mali Salmon-Divon
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Klas Kärre
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petter Höglund
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sofia Johansson
- Department of Applied Physics, Experimental Biomolecular Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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3
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van Stipdonk MJB, Badia-Martinez D, Sluijter M, Offringa R, van Hall T, Achour A. Design of agonistic altered peptides for the robust induction of CTL directed towards H-2Db in complex with the melanoma-associated epitope gp100. Cancer Res 2009; 69:7784-92. [PMID: 19789338 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-1724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Immunogenicity of tumor-associated antigens (TAA) is often weak because many TAA are autoantigens for which the T-cell repertoire is sculpted by tolerance mechanisms. Substitutions at main anchor positions to increase the complementarity between the peptide and the MHC class I (MHC-I) binding cleft constitute a common procedure to improve binding capacity and immunogenicity of TAA. However, such alterations are tailored for each MHC-I allele and may recruit different CTL specificities through conformational changes in the targeted peptides. Comparative analysis of substituted melanoma-differentiation antigen gp100 in complex with H-2D(b) revealed that combined introduction of glycine and proline residues at the nonanchor positions 2 and 3, respectively, resulted in an agonistic altered peptide with dramatically enhanced binding affinity, stability, and immunogenicity of this TAA. Peptide vaccination using the p2Gp3P-altered peptide version of gp100 induced high frequencies of melanoma-specific CTL in the endogenous CD8+ repertoire. Crystal structure analysis of MHC/peptide complexes revealed that the conformation of the modified p2Gp3P-peptide was similar to the wild-type peptide, and indicated that this mimotope was stabilized through interactions between peptide residue p3P and the tyrosine residue Y159 that is conserved among most known MHC-I molecules throughout mammalian species. Our results may provide an alternative approach to enhance MHC stabilization capacity and immunogenicity of low-affinity peptides for induction of robust tumor-specific CTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne J B van Stipdonk
- Departments of Immunohematology and Blood transfusion and Clinical Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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4
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Melief CJ, Kast WM. Prospects for T cell immunotherapy of tumours by vaccination with immunodominant and subdominant peptides. CIBA FOUNDATION SYMPOSIUM 2007; 187:97-104; discussion 104-12. [PMID: 7796678 DOI: 10.1002/9780470514672.ch7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy of tumours by adoptive transfer of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) is now feasible in experimental murine systems. These CTL recognize peptide sequences of defined length presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Effective eradication of large tumour masses requires co-administration of interleukin 2. Tumour escape strategies are numerous but in various instances can be counteracted by defined measures. Initiation of CTL responses against poorly immunogenic virally induced tumours and other tumours requires novel strategies to overcome T cell inertia. We propose a strategy in which CTL are raised against target molecules of choice including differentiation antigens of restricted tissue distribution (autoantigens) or mutated/overexpressed oncogene products. The steps proposed include: (1) identification of target molecules of choice. (2) Identification in these target molecules of peptides fitting MHC allele-specific peptide motifs involved in peptide binding to MHC molecules. (3) Evaluation of actual binding of such peptides to specific MHC class I molecules. (4) In vitro CTL response induction by such peptides, presented by highly efficient antigen-presenting cells such as antigen processing-defective cells carrying empty MHC class I molecules loaded with a single peptide or dendritic cells. Both types of cells are capable of primary CTL response induction in vitro. (5) Evaluation of proper processing by the demonstration of tumour cell lysis by these CTL. (6) Adoptive transfer of tumour-specific CTL generated in vitro or vaccination with peptides. These various steps have now been taken for several viruses, virally induced tumours and other types of tumours and the first indications that this strategy is useful have been obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Melief
- Department of Immunohematology, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands
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5
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Tahara-Hanaoka S, Shibuya K, Kai H, Miyamoto A, Morikawa Y, Ohkochi N, Honda SI, Shibuya A. Tumor rejection by the poliovirus receptor family ligands of the DNAM-1 (CD226) receptor. Blood 2005; 107:1491-6. [PMID: 16249389 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-04-1684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The poliovirus receptor CD155 and its family member CD112 (nectin-2) are the ligands for the activating cell-surface receptor DNAM-1 on CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Here, we demonstrate that, whereas the RMA tumor grew in syngeneic mice, DNAM-1 ligand-transduced RMA was rejected, in which CD8+ T cells and NK cells played an essential role. Importantly, CD8+ memory cytotoxic T cells to parental RMA were generated in these mice. We found that DNAM-1 was also expressed on CD8alpha+, rather than CD8alpha-, dendritic cells (DCs). Cross-linking DNAM-1 induced maturation of CD8alpha+ DCs. Antigen presentation by these stimulated DCs drove Th1 cells. Moreover, the rejection of DNAM-1 ligand-transduced RMA was canceled in CD4+ T-cell-depleted and major histocompatibility complex class II-deficient mice. Taken together, these results suggest that DNAM-1 ligands stimulate innate immunity by CD8alpha+ DCs as well as NK cells, which efficiently prime cell-mediated tumor-specific immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Tahara-Hanaoka
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Ten-nodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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6
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Facchinetti A, Dalla Santa S, Mezzalira S, Rosato A, Biasi G. A Large Number of T Lymphocytes Recognize Moloney-Murine Leukemia Virus-Induced Antigens, but a Few Mediate Long-Lasting Tumor Immunosurveillance. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 174:5398-406. [PMID: 15843538 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.9.5398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The CD8(+) T cell response to Moloney-murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV)-induced Ags is almost entirely dominated by the exclusive expansion of lymphocytes that use preferential TCRVbeta chain rearrangements. In mice lacking T cells expressing these TCRVbeta, we demonstrate that alternative TCRVbeta can substitute for the lack of the dominant TCRVbeta in the H-2-restricted M-MuLV Ag recognition. We show that, at least for the H-2(b)-restricted response, the shift of TCR usage is not related to a variation of the immunodominant M-MuLV epitope recognition. After virus immunization, all the potentially M-MuLV-reactive lymphocytes are primed, but only the deletion of dominant Vbeta rescues the alternative Vbeta response. The mechanism of clonal T cell "immunodomination" that guides the preferential Vbeta expansion is likely the result of a proliferative advantage of T cells expressing dominant Vbeta, due to differences in TCR affinity and/or cosignal requirements. In this regard, a CD8 involvement is strictly required for the virus-specific cytotoxic activity of CTL expressing alternative, but not dominant, Vbeta gene rearrangements. The ability of T cells expressing alternative TCRVbeta rearrangements to mediate tumor protection was evaluated by a challenge with M-MuLV tumor cells. Although T cells expressing alternative Vbeta chains were activated and expanded, they were not able to control tumor growth in a long-lasting manner due to their incapacity of conversion and accumulation in the T central memory pool.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation/genetics
- Antigen Presentation/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Gene Products, gag/biosynthesis
- Gene Products, gag/immunology
- Gene Products, gag/metabolism
- Gene Rearrangement, beta-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor
- Graft Rejection/immunology
- Graft Rejection/virology
- H-2 Antigens/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigen H-2D
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Immunodominant Epitopes/genetics
- Immunodominant Epitopes/immunology
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Moloney murine leukemia virus/immunology
- Sarcoma, Experimental/immunology
- Sarcoma, Experimental/prevention & control
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/virology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/virology
- Tumor Virus Infections/immunology
- Tumor Virus Infections/prevention & control
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7
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Lewicki H, Tishon A, Homann D, Mazarguil H, Laval F, Asensio VC, Campbell IL, DeArmond S, Coon B, Teng C, Gairin JE, Oldstone MBA. T cells infiltrate the brain in murine and human transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. J Virol 2003; 77:3799-808. [PMID: 12610154 PMCID: PMC149501 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.77.6.3799-3808.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes infiltrate the parenchyma of mouse brains several weeks after intracerebral, intraperitoneal, or oral inoculation with the Chandler strain of mouse scrapie, a pattern not seen with inoculation of prion protein knockout (PrP(-/-)) mice. Associated with this cellular infiltration are expression of MHC class I and II molecules and elevation in levels of the T-cell chemokines, especially macrophage inflammatory protein 1beta, IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10, and RANTES. T cells were also found in the central nervous system (CNS) in five of six patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. T cells harvested from brains and spleens of scrapie-infected mice were analyzed using a newly identified mouse PrP (mPrP) peptide bearing the canonical binding motifs to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I H-2(b) or H-2(d) molecules, appropriate MHC class I tetramers made to include these peptides, and CD4 and CD8 T cells stimulated with 15-mer overlapping peptides covering the whole mPrP. Minimal to modest K(b) tetramer binding of mPrP amino acids (aa) 2 to 9, aa 152 to 160, and aa 232 to 241 was observed, but such tetramer-binding lymphocytes as well as CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes incubated with the full repertoire of mPrP peptides failed to synthesize intracellular gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) cytokines and were unable to lyse PrP(-/-) embryo fibroblasts or macrophages coated with (51)Cr-labeled mPrP peptide. These results suggest that the expression of PrP(sc) in the CNS is associated with release of chemokines and, as shown previously, cytokines that attract and retain PrP-activated T cells and, quite likely, bystander activated T cells that have migrated from the periphery into the CNS. However, these CD4 and CD8 T cells are defective in such an effector function(s) as IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha expression or release or lytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Lewicki
- Division of Virology, Department of Neuropharmacology (IMM-6), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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8
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Gray PM, Parks GD, Alexander-Miller MA. High avidity CD8+ T cells are the initial population elicited following viral infection of the respiratory tract. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2003; 170:174-81. [PMID: 12496398 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.170.1.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Following intranasal administration, the model paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (SV5) establishes an infection in the respiratory tract of mice, which is subsequently cleared by CD8+ T cells. In this study, we sought to understand the maturation of the antiviral immune response over time by assessing the functional avidity of the responding T cells and the expansion of immunodominant populations. Surprisingly, we determined that the initial response to Ag at day 3 (d3) in the mediastinal lymph node was exclusively high avidity. However, by d5 postinfection, low avidity cells were approximately 50% of the responding T cell population. Following secondary exposure to SV5, high avidity CD8+ T cells again are the exclusive cell type present at early times postinfection (d2). Similarly, high avidity cells were preferentially elicited at d3 following infection with the unrelated vaccinia virus. We also made the observation that the immunodominance profile has not been established at d3 postinfection with SV5. However, by d5 a clear immunodominance pattern arises and is permanently maintained. These data indicate that high avidity cells are the predominant population responding at early times postinfection following respiratory infection with SV5 or vaccinia virus. However, as the response progresses, low avidity cells are activated/expanded to a greater extent compared with high avidity cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Gray
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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9
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Kelly JM, Takeda K, Darcy PK, Yagita H, Smyth MJ. A role for IFN-gamma in primary and secondary immunity generated by NK cell-sensitive tumor-expressing CD80 in vivo. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 168:4472-9. [PMID: 11970991 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.168.9.4472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the primary and secondary immunity generated in vivo by a MHC class I-deficient tumor cell line that expressed CD80 (B7-1). CD80 expression enhanced primary NK cell-mediated tumor rejection in vivo and T cell immunity against secondary tumor challenge. CD80 expression enhanced primary NK cell-mediated tumor rejection, and both NK cell perforin and IFN-gamma activity were critical for the rejection of MHC class I-deficient RMA-S-CD80 tumor cells. This primary rejection process stimulated the subsequent development of specific CTL and Th1 responses against Ags expressed by the MHC class I-deficient RMA-S tumor cells. The development of effective secondary T cell immunity could be elicited by irradiated RMA-S-CD80 tumor cells and was dependent upon NK cells and IFN-gamma in the priming response. Our findings demonstrate a key role for IFN-gamma in innate and adaptive immunity triggered by CD80 expression on tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice M Kelly
- Cancer Immunology Program, Sir Donald and Lady Trescowthick Laboratories, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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10
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Kelly JM, Darcy PK, Markby JL, Godfrey DI, Takeda K, Yagita H, Smyth MJ. Induction of tumor-specific T cell memory by NK cell-mediated tumor rejection. Nat Immunol 2002; 3:83-90. [PMID: 11743585 DOI: 10.1038/ni746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells may modulate the development of adaptive immune responses, but until now there has been little evidence to support this hypothesis. We investigated the primary and secondary immunity elicited by various tumor cell lines that express CD70 and interact with CD70 ligand (CD27), which is constitutively expressed on NK cells. CD70 expression enhanced primary tumor rejection in vivo as well as T cell immunity against secondary tumor challenge. Primary rejection of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-deficient RMA-S.CD70 tumor cells was mediated by NK cells and perforin- and interferon-gamma-dependent mechanisms. This NK cell-mediated process also efficiently evoked the subsequent development of tumor-specific cytotoxic and T helper type 1 responses to the parental, MHC class I-sufficient, RMA tumor cells. Thus CD27-CD70 interactions provide a key link between innate NK cell responses and adaptive T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice M Kelly
- Cancer Immunology Program, Sir Donald and Lady Trescowthick Laboratories, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, St. Andrews Place, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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11
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van Hall T, Sijts A, Camps M, Offringa R, Melief C, Kloetzel PM, Ossendorp F. Differential influence on cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitope presentation by controlled expression of either proteasome immunosubunits or PA28. J Exp Med 2000; 192:483-94. [PMID: 10952718 PMCID: PMC2193234 DOI: 10.1084/jem.192.4.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteasome is the principal provider of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-presented peptides. Interferon (IFN)-gamma induces expression of three catalytically active proteasome subunits (LMP2, LMP7, and MECL-1) and the proteasome-associated activator PA28. These molecules are thought to optimize the generation of MHC class I-presented peptides. However, known information on their contribution in vivo is very limited. Here, we examined the antigen processing of two murine leukemia virus-encoded cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes in murine cell lines equipped with a tetracycline-controlled, IFN-gamma-independent expression system. We thus were able to segregate the role of the immunosubunits from the role of PA28. The presence of either immunosubunits or PA28 did not alter the presentation of a subdominant murine leukemia virus (MuLV)-derived CTL epitope. However, the presentation of the immunodominant MuLV-derived epitope was markedly enhanced upon induction of each of these two sets of genes. Thus, the IFN-gamma-inducible proteasome subunits and PA28 can independently enhance antigen presentation of some CTL epitopes. Our data show that tetracycline-regulated expression of PA28 increases CTL epitope generation without affecting the 20S proteasome composition or half-life. The differential effect of these IFN-gamma-inducible proteins on MHC class I processing may have a decisive influence on the quality of the CTL immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorbald van Hall
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alice Sijts
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité, Humboldt University, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel Camps
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rienk Offringa
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis Melief
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter-M. Kloetzel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité, Humboldt University, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ferry Ossendorp
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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12
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van Hall T, van Bergen J, van Veelen PA, Kraakman M, Heukamp LC, Koning F, Melief CJ, Ossendorp F, Offringa R. Identification of a novel tumor-specific CTL epitope presented by RMA, EL-4, and MBL-2 lymphomas reveals their common origin. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 165:869-77. [PMID: 10878361 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.2.869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
C57BL/6 mice generate a vigorous H-2Db-restricted CTL response against murine leukemia virus (MuLV)-induced tumors. For many years it has been suggested that this response is directed to an MuLV-encoded peptide as well as to a nonviral tumor-associated peptide. Recently, a peptide from the leader sequence of gag was demonstrated to be the MuLV-derived epitope. Here we describe the molecular identification of the tumor-associated epitope. Furthermore, we show that the CTL response against this epitope can restrict the outgrowth of MuLV-induced tumors in vivo. The epitope is selectively presented by the MuLV-induced T cell tumors RBL-5, RMA, and MBL-2 as well as by the chemically induced T cell lymphoma EL-4. Intriguingly, these tumors share expression of the newly identified epitope because they represent variants of the same clonal tumor cell line, as evident from sequencing of the TCR alpha- and beta-chains, which proved to be identical. Our research shows that all sources of RBL-5, RMA, RMA-S, MBL-2, and EL-4 tumors are derived from a single tumor line, most likely EL-4.
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MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation
- Binding Sites/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Cell Lineage/genetics
- Cell Lineage/immunology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/administration & dosage
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/isolation & purification
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Friend murine leukemia virus
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Genes, T-Cell Receptor beta
- Leukemia, Experimental/immunology
- Leukemia, Experimental/metabolism
- Leukemia, Experimental/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/metabolism
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Nude
- Moloney murine leukemia virus
- Oligopeptides/administration & dosage
- Oligopeptides/chemical synthesis
- Oligopeptides/immunology
- Oligopeptides/metabolism
- Rauscher Virus
- Sequence Analysis, Protein
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/transplantation
- Thymoma/immunology
- Thymoma/metabolism
- Thymoma/pathology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/transplantation
- Tumor Virus Infections/immunology
- Tumor Virus Infections/metabolism
- Tumor Virus Infections/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- T van Hall
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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13
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Beekman NJ, van Veelen PA, van Hall T, Neisig A, Sijts A, Camps M, Kloetzel PM, Neefjes JJ, Melief CJ, Ossendorp F. Abrogation of CTL epitope processing by single amino acid substitution flanking the C-terminal proteasome cleavage site. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 164:1898-905. [PMID: 10657639 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.164.4.1898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CTL directed against the Moloney murine leukemia virus (MuLV) epitope SSWDFITV recognize Moloney MuLV-induced tumor cells, but do not recognize cells transformed by the closely related Friend MuLV. The potential Friend MuLV epitope has strong sequence homology with Moloney MuLV and only differs in one amino acid within the CTL epitope and one amino acid just outside the epitope. We now show that failure to recognize Friend MuLV-transformed tumor cells is based on a defect in proteasome-mediated processing of the Friend epitope which is due to a single amino acid substitution (N-->D) immediately flanking the C-terminal anchor residue of the epitope. Proteasome-mediated digestion analysis of a synthetic 26-mer peptide derived from the Friend sequence shows that cleavage takes place predominantly C-terminal of D, instead of V as is the case for the Moloney MuLV sequence. Therefore, the C terminus of the epitope is not properly generated. Epitope-containing peptide fragments extended with an additional C-terminal D are not efficiently translocated by TAP and do not show significant binding affinity to MHC class I-Kb molecules. Thus, a potential CTL epitope present in the Friend virus sequence is not properly processed and presented because of a natural flanking aspartic acid that obliterates the correct C-terminal cleavage site. This constitutes a novel way to subvert proteasome-mediated generation of proper antigenic peptide fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Beekman
- Department of Immunohematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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14
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Milan G, Zambon A, Cavinato M, Zanovello P, Rosato A, Collavo D. Dissecting the immune response to moloney murine sarcoma/leukemia virus-induced tumors by means of a DNA vaccination approach. J Virol 1999; 73:2280-7. [PMID: 9971811 PMCID: PMC104473 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.73.3.2280-2287.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The intramuscular inoculation of Moloney murine sarcoma/leukemia (M-MSV/M-MuLV) retroviral complex gives rise to sarcomas that undergo spontaneous regression due to the induction of a strong immune reaction mediated primarily by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). We used a DNA-based vaccination approach to dissect the CTL response against the Gag and Env proteins of M-MSV/M-MuLV in C57BL/6 (B6) mice and to evaluate whether plasmid DNA-immunized mice would be protected against a subsequent challenge with syngeneic tumor cells expressing the viral antigens. Intramuscular DNA vaccination induced CTL against both Gag and Env proteins. A detailed analysis of epitopes recognized by CTL generated in mice inoculated with the whole virus and with the Gag-expressing plasmid confirmed the presence of an immunodominant peptide in the leader sequence of Gag protein (Gag85-93, CCLCLTVFL) that is identical to that described in B6 mice immunized with Friend MuLV-induced leukemia cells. Moreover, CTL generated by immunization with the Env-encoding plasmid recognized a subdominant Env peptide (Env189-196, SSWDFITV), originally described in the B6.CH-2(bm13) mutant strain. B6 mice immunized with the Gag-expressing plasmid were fully protected against a lethal tumor challenge with M-MuLV-transformed MBL-2 leukemia cells, while vaccination with the Env-expressing plasmid resulted in rejection of the tumor in 44% of the mice and in increased survival of an additional 17% of the animals. Taken together, these results indicate the existence of a hierarchy in the capacity of different structural viral proteins to induce a protective immune response against retrovirus-induced tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Milan
- Immunology Section, Department of Oncology and Surgical Sciences, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy
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15
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Ossendorp F, Mengedé E, Camps M, Filius R, Melief CJ. Specific T helper cell requirement for optimal induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes against major histocompatibility complex class II negative tumors. J Exp Med 1998; 187:693-702. [PMID: 9480979 PMCID: PMC2212165 DOI: 10.1084/jem.187.5.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 431] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study shows that induction of tumor-specific CD4+ T cells by vaccination with a specific viral T helper epitope, contained within a synthetic peptide, results in protective immunity against major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II negative, virus-induced tumor cells. Protection was also induced against sarcoma induction by acutely transforming retrovirus. In contrast, no protective immunity was induced by vaccination with an unrelated T helper epitope. By cytokine pattern analysis, the induced CD4+ T cells were of the T helper cell 1 type. The peptide-specific CD4+ T cells did not directly recognize the tumor cells, indicating involvement of cross-priming by tumor-associated antigen-presenting cells. The main effector cells responsible for tumor eradication were identified as CD8+ cytotoxic T cells that were found to recognize a recently described immunodominant viral gag-encoded cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope, which is unrelated to the viral env-encoded T helper peptide sequence. Simultaneous vaccination with the tumor-specific T helper and CTL epitopes resulted in strong synergistic protection. These results indicate the crucial role of T helper cells for optimal induction of protective immunity against MHC class II negative tumor cells. Protection is dependent on tumor-specific CTLs in this model system and requires cross-priming of tumor antigens by specialized antigen-presenting cells. Thus, tumor-specific T helper epitopes have to be included in the design of epitope-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ossendorp
- Department of Immunohematology and Bloodbank, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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16
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Yoon H, Chung MK, Min SS, Lee HG, Yoo WD, Chung KT, Jung NP, Park SN. Synthetic peptides of human papillomavirus type 18 E6 harboring HLA-A2.1 motif can induce peptide-specific cytotoxic T-cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy donors. Virus Res 1998; 54:23-9. [PMID: 9660068 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1702(98)00008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
To identify cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) epitopes against human papillomavirus type 18 (HPV 18) E6 protein that might be useful for developing peptide-based vaccine against HPV 18 infection, 18 peptides which possibly contain CTL epitopes were selected on the basis of previously described human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2.1-binding motif and chemically synthesized. In the binding assay of the synthetic peptides, 8 out of 18 synthetic peptides enhanced the expression of HLA-A2.1 molecules on T2 cell surface, which implies that these peptides were able to bind the HLA molecules. Those peptides having good binding affinity to HLA-A2.1 were tested for their ability to activate CTLs which were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of healthy blood donors and to kill the target T2 cells pulsed with the same peptide. Five out of eight tested peptides activated CTLs and killed the target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yoon
- Virus/Oncology Research Unit, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, KIST, Yusong, Taejon, South Korea
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17
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Chen Y, Webster RG, Woodland DL. Induction of CD8+ T Cell Responses to Dominant and Subdominant Epitopes and Protective Immunity to Sendai Virus Infection by DNA Vaccination. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.160.5.2425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
While recent studies have demonstrated that DNA vaccination induces potent CD8+ T cell memory in vivo, it is unclear whether this memory is qualitatively and quantitatively comparable with that induced by natural viral infection. In the current studies, we have investigated the induction of CD8+ memory CTL responses to Sendai virus nucleoprotein (NP) in C57BL/6 mice following gene gun vaccination. The data demonstrate that this mode of vaccination induces potent long-lived memory CTL precursors (CTLp) specific for both the dominant (NP324–332/Kb) and the subdominant (NP324–332/Db) epitopes of NP. The frequencies of T cells specific for each of these epitopes in the spleen is about 1:2000 CD8+ T cells, similar to those induced by intranasal infection with Sendai virus. Moreover, the induction of memory CTLp by DNA vaccination is independent of MHC class II molecules or Ab, as is the case for memory CTLp induction by live Sendai virus infection. CTLp specific for both epitopes are capable of migrating to the lung following Sendai virus infection and express potent cytotoxic activity at the site of infection. Consistent with this activity, DNA vaccination with Sendai virus NP induced a substantial degree of Ab-independent protection from a challenge with a lethal dose of Sendai virus. Taken together, these data demonstrate that for the parameters tested, DNA vaccination is indistinguishable from live virus infection in terms of priming functional memory CTLp with broad specificity for both dominant and subdominant T cell epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Chen
- *Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis TN 38105, and
- †Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38163
| | - Robert G. Webster
- *Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis TN 38105, and
- †Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38163
| | - David L. Woodland
- *Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis TN 38105, and
- †Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38163
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18
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Nihrane A, Silver J. Spontaneous priming for anti-viral envelope cytotoxic T lymphocytes in mice transgenic for a murine leukaemia virus envelope gene (Fv4). Immunology 1997; 90:219-28. [PMID: 9135550 PMCID: PMC1456742 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1997.00157.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Compared with non-transgenic controls, mice bearing an Fv4 murine retroviral env transgene resist infection and do not become immunosuppressed when inoculated with Friend virus (FV). When immunized with FV antigens in the absence of infectious virus, they make antibodies and cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL) to FV comparably to non-transgenic controls. Unimmunized transgenic mice were found to have CTL precursors, which could be activated by in vitro stimulation, specific for viral (and self) envelope protein (Env). This "spontaneous priming' for antiviral CTL is surprising because the transgene Env is present on the surface of thymocytes and in serum from before birth. Our experiments demonstrate that T cells reactive with self-thymic and serum antigens sometimes avoid clonal elimination or inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nihrane
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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19
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Maeurer MJ, Chan HW, Karbach J, Salter RD, Knuth A, Lotze MT, Storkus WJ. Amino acid substitutions at position 97 in HLA-A2 segregate cytolysis from cytokine release in MART-1/Melan-A peptide AAGIGILTV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Eur J Immunol 1996; 26:2613-23. [PMID: 8921947 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830261112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
CD8+ T lymphocytes recognize antigenic peptides presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Individual peptide termini appear to be fixed at the C- and N-terminal ends. In contrast, central peptide side chains residues may point in different directions and exhibit limited flexibility, dependent on the MHC class I structural variation. For instance, position 97 in HLA-A201 has been shown to shift individual peptide species into different coordinations, one oriented towards the peptide N terminus, or more towards the C-terminal end. The conformational shape of such non-anchor peptide residues may affect the affinity of MHC/peptide/TCR interaction, resulting in quantitative, or qualitative different T cell effector functions. To characterize the impact of different amino acid residues occupying position 97 in HLA-A2 on peptide binding and presentation to CTL, we generated a panel of mutated HLA-A2 molecules containing either M, K, T, V, G, Q, W, P or H at position 97. The HLA-A0201 presented melanoma-associated MART-1/Melan-A derived peptide AAGIGILTV was employed to assess the impact of such position-97 mutations on HLA-A2 in peptide binding measured in an HLA-A2 reconstitution assay and presentation to AAGIGILTV-specific polyclonal or clonal T lymphocytes as measured by cytotoxicity, or interferon (IFN)-gamma and granulocyte/ macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) secretion. The high-affinity AAGIGILTV peptide bound to all position-97 mutants, albeit with differential efficiencies, and elicited specific release of IFN-gamma and GM-CSF by CTL. CTL responses were triggered only by the HLA-A2 wild type, by HLA-A2-H97 (histidine position 97 mutant), and HLA-A2-W97. The HLA-A2-M97 presenting molecule elicited enhanced cytokine release and CTL effector functions by polyclonal and by clonal effector T cells. These results indicate that MHC class I-bound peptides can trigger specific cytokine release by effector T cells independently of their ability to induce cytolysis. We conclude that relatively minor changes in the MHC class I peptide binding groove, including substitutions at position 97, can affect recognition by antigen-specific T cells. Mutant MHC class I molecules, such as those described here, may act as partial peptide antagonists and could be useful for inducing T lymphocytes with qualitatively different effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Maeurer
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Mainz, Germany.
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20
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Ossendorp F, Eggers M, Neisig A, Ruppert T, Groettrup M, Sijts A, Mengedë E, Kloetzel PM, Neefjes J, Koszinowski U, Melief C. A single residue exchange within a viral CTL epitope alters proteasome-mediated degradation resulting in lack of antigen presentation. Immunity 1996; 5:115-24. [PMID: 8769475 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80488-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
CTL epitope (KSPWFTTL) encoded by AKV/MCF type of murine leukemia virus (MuLV) differs from the sequence in Friend/Moloney/Rauscher (FMR) type in one residue (RSPWFTTL). CTL experiments indicated defective processing of the FMR peptide in tumor cells. Proteasome-mediated digestion of AKV/MCF-type 26-mer peptides resulted in the early generation and higher levels of epitope-containing fragments than digestion of FMR-type peptides, explained by prominent cleavage next to R in the FMR sequence. The fragments were identified as 10- and 11-mer peptides and were efficiently translocated by TAP. The naturally presented AKV/MCF peptide is the 8-mer, indicating ER peptide trimming. In conclusion, a single residue exchange can cause CTL epitope destruction by specific proteasomal cleavage.
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MESH Headings
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/metabolism
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation/drug effects
- Antigens, Viral, Tumor/immunology
- Antigens, Viral, Tumor/metabolism
- Cysteine Endopeptidases/pharmacology
- Epitopes/drug effects
- Epitopes/immunology
- Epitopes/metabolism
- Glycoproteins/genetics
- Glycoproteins/physiology
- Kinetics
- Leukemia Virus, Murine/immunology
- Leukemia Virus, Murine/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Multienzyme Complexes/pharmacology
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/enzymology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ossendorp
- Department of Immunohematology, Academic Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands
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21
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Sandberg JK, Chambers BJ, Van Kaer L, Kärre K, Ljunggren HG. TAP1-deficient mice select a CD8+ T cell repertoire that displays both diversity and peptide specificity. Eur J Immunol 1996; 26:288-93. [PMID: 8617293 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830260203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mice deficient in the gene encoding the transporter associated with antigen processing 1 (TAP1) are defective in providing major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules with cytosolic peptides. Consequently, these mice express reduced levels of MHC class I glycoproteins on the cell surface, and have reduced numbers of CD8+ T cells in the periphery. In the present study, we have addressed the diversity and specificity of the peripheral CD8+ T cell population in TAP1 -/- mice. CD8+ T cells were polyclonal with regard to T cell receptor (TCR) V beta expression. Overall, V beta usage in TAP1 -/- mice appear to be very similar to that in wild-type mice, with significantly reduced levels of V beta 5.1/5.2-expressing CD8+ T cells as the only clear exception. This polyclonal population of CD8+ T cells readily mounted epitope-specific CTL responses against four out of five well-defined MHC class I-restricted peptides. In contrast to allospecific CTL, peptide-specific CTL from TAP1 -/- mice did not cross-react on cells expressing normal levels of H-2b class I. The present results demonstrate that a polyclonal CD8+ T cell repertoire, displaying both diversity and peptide specificity, is positively selected in mice devoid of a functional peptide transporter. These observations imply that TAP-dependent peptides are not absolutely required for positive selection of a functionally diverse repertoire of CD8+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Sandberg
- Microbiology and Tumor Biology Center, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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22
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Melief CJ, Kast WM. T-cell immunotherapy of tumors by adoptive transfer of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and by vaccination with minimal essential epitopes. Immunol Rev 1995; 145:167-77. [PMID: 7590825 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1995.tb00081.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C J Melief
- Dept. of Immunohematology, University Hospital, Leiden, The Netherlands
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23
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Sijts EJ, Leupers CJ, Mengedé EA, Loenen WA, van den Elsen PJ, Melief CJ. Cloning of the MCF1233 murine leukemia virus and identification of sequences involved in viral tropism, oncogenicity and T cell epitope formation. Virus Res 1994; 34:339-49. [PMID: 7531924 DOI: 10.1016/0168-1702(94)90133-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
MCF1233 is an oncogenic C57BL-derived retrovirus of the Murine Leukemia Virus (MuLV) family, that causes T and B lymphomas in an MHC-associated fashion. In this study, we cloned MCF1233, determined its nucleotide sequence and, by comparison with its MuLV relatives, identified the sequences that relate to the leukemogenic character of this virus. MCF1233 was found to have an ecotropic backbone, and carried acquired polytropic sequences in the 3' pol and 5' env region. The gag-region contained six specific nucleotides, determining the viral B-tropism. Short sequences within the U3 LTR shared specific homology with the xenotropic Bxv-1 MuLV, which is the U3 donor for leukemogenic MCF MuLV of AKR origin. These sequences, in combination with specific ecotropic sequences present in env p15E, most likely determine the viral oncogenicity. Currently, the deduced MCF1233 amino sequence is being exploited for T cell epitope analysis, which in this paper is discussed with respect to antigenically distinct Friend/Moloney/Rauscher types of MuLV. Identification of these T cell epitopes will contribute to our understanding of the fundamental aspects of immune control on MCF1233-induced lymphomagenesis. It will help to elucidate the mechanisms that underlie immune escape of T lymphomas, rarely arising in immunoresistant mice, and allow the development of vaccination protocols for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Sijts
- Department of Immunohematology, University Hospital Leiden, The Netherlands
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