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Tedesco G, Santarosa M, Maestro R. Beyond self‑eating: Emerging autophagy‑independent functions for the autophagy molecules in cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2024; 64:57. [PMID: 38606507 PMCID: PMC11087037 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process that controls organelle quality, removes misfolded or abnormally aggregated proteins and is part of the defense mechanisms against intracellular pathogens. Autophagy contributes to the suppression of tumor initiation by promoting genome stability, cellular integrity, redox balance and proteostasis. On the other hand, once a tumor is established, autophagy can support cancer cell survival and promote epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition. A growing number of molecules involved in autophagy have been identified. In addition to their key canonical activity, several of these molecules, such as ATG5, ATG12 and Beclin‑1, also exert autophagy‑independent functions in a variety of biological processes. The present review aimed to summarize autophagy‑independent functions of molecules of the autophagy machinery and how the activity of these molecules can influence signaling pathways that are deregulated in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Tedesco
- Unit of Oncogenetics and Functional Oncogenomics, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, I-33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Manuela Santarosa
- Unit of Oncogenetics and Functional Oncogenomics, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, I-33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Roberta Maestro
- Unit of Oncogenetics and Functional Oncogenomics, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, I-33081 Aviano, Italy
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2
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Rockhold JD, Marszalkowski H, Sannella M, Gibney K, Murphy L, Zukowski E, Kalantar GH, SantaCruz-Calvo S, Hart SN, Kuhn MK, Yu J, Stefanik O, Chase G, Proctor EA, Hasturk H, Nikolajczyk BS, Bharath LP. Everolimus alleviates CD4 + T cell inflammation by regulating autophagy and cellular redox homeostasis. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01187-z. [PMID: 38761287 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with the onset and progression of multiple diseases, which limit health span. Chronic low-grade inflammation in the absence of overt infection is considered the simmering source that triggers age-associated diseases. Failure of many cellular processes during aging is mechanistically linked to inflammation; however, the overall decline in the cellular homeostasis mechanism of autophagy has emerged as one of the top and significant inducers of inflammation during aging, frequently known as inflammaging. Thus, physiological or pharmacological interventions aimed at improving autophagy are considered geroprotective. Rapamycin analogs (rapalogs) are known for their ability to inhibit mTOR and thus regulate autophagy. This study assessed the efficacy of everolimus, a rapalog, in regulating inflammatory cytokine production in T cells from older adults. CD4+ T cells from older adults were treated with a physiological dose of everolimus (0.01 µM), and indices of autophagy and inflammation were assessed to gain a mechanistic understanding of the effect of everolimus on inflammation. Everolimus (Ever) upregulated autophagy and broadly alleviated inflammatory cytokines produced by multiple T cell subsets. Everolimus's ability to alleviate the cytokines produced by Th17 subsets of T cells, such as IL-17A and IL-17F, was dependent on autophagy and antioxidant signaling pathways. Repurposing the antineoplastic drug everolimus for curbing inflammaging is promising, given the drug's ability to restore multiple cellular homeostasis mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Donato Rockhold
- Department of Health Sciences and Nutrition, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA, USA
| | | | - Marco Sannella
- Department of Health Sciences and Nutrition, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA, USA
| | - Kaleigh Gibney
- Department of Health Sciences and Nutrition, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA, USA
| | - Lyanne Murphy
- Department of Biology, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA, USA
| | - Emelia Zukowski
- Department of Health Sciences and Nutrition, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA, USA
| | - Gabriella H Kalantar
- Dept of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Sara SantaCruz-Calvo
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Samantha N Hart
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Madison K Kuhn
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pharmacology, and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jingting Yu
- Razavi Newman Integrative Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Olivia Stefanik
- Department of Health Sciences and Nutrition, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA, USA
| | - Gabrielle Chase
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Proctor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pharmacology, and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Neural Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Engineering Science & Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | | | - Barbara S Nikolajczyk
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Leena P Bharath
- Department of Health Sciences and Nutrition, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA, USA.
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3
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Owumi S, Agbarogi H, Oluwawibe BJ, Otunla MT, Anifowose MM, Arunsi UO. Modulation of the Nrf-2 and HO-1 signalling axis is associated with Betaine's abatement of fluoride-induced hepatorenal toxicities in rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03133-4. [PMID: 38713257 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03133-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Sodium fluoride (NaF) ingestion has several detrimental effects in humans and rodents. NaF mechanisms of toxicity include perturbation of intracellular redox homeostasis and apoptosis. Betaine (BET) is a modified amino acid with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties. This study investigates BET's effect on NaF-induced hepatorenal toxicities in rats. Experimental rats (n = 30) were randomly assigned to groups (n = 6) and treated by gavage for 28 days. Group I (2 mL of distilled water), Group II (NaF: 9 mg/kg) alone, Group III: (BET: 100 mg/kg), Group IV: (NaF: 9 mg/kg and BET 1: 50 mg/kg), and Group V: (NaF: 9 mg/kg and BET 2: 100 mg/kg). Our findings revealed significantly (p < 0.05) increased hepatic transaminase activities alongside creatinine and urea levels following NaF-alone treatment in addition to increased oxidative status, lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, decreased superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-s-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione, and total sulfhydryl groups. The reduced levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 and the activities of heme oxygenase-1, thioredoxin, and thioredoxin reductase in NaF-alone treated rats equally compromised cellular molecular responses to oxidative stress. Also, NaF increased (p < 0.05) hepatorenal inflammatory biomarkers-nitric oxide, interleukin-10, myeloperoxidase, and xanthine oxidase. Furthermore, caspase-3 and caspase-9 were increased (p < 0.05) in rats treated with NaF alone. Contrastingly, BET was observed to alleviate the harmful effects of NaF. Treatment with BET mitigated NaF-induced oxido-inflammatory responses and apoptosis in the experimental rat's hepatorenal system. The study demonstrates the potential of BET to abate NaF-induced hepatorenal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Owumi
- ChangeLab-changing lives; Room New Building 302, Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200005, Oyo State, Nigeria.
| | - Harieme Agbarogi
- ChangeLab-changing lives; Room New Building 302, Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200005, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Bayode J Oluwawibe
- ChangeLab-changing lives; Room New Building 302, Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200005, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Moses T Otunla
- ChangeLab-changing lives; Room New Building 302, Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200005, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - Mayowa M Anifowose
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Uche O Arunsi
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
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Schiffer TA, Carvalho LRRA, Guimaraes D, Boeder A, Wikström P, Carlström M. Specific NOX4 Inhibition Preserves Mitochondrial Function and Dampens Kidney Dysfunction Following Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Kidney Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:489. [PMID: 38671936 PMCID: PMC11047485 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a sudden episode of kidney failure which is frequently observed at intensive care units and related to high morbidity/mortality. Although AKI can have many different causes, ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is the main cause of AKI. Mechanistically, NADPH oxidases (NOXs) are involved in the pathophysiology contributing to oxidative stress following IR. Previous reports have indicated that knockout of NOX4 may offer protection in cardiac and brain IR, but there is currently less knowledge about how this could be exploited therapeutically and whether this could have significant protection in IR-induced AKI. Aim: To investigate the hypothesis that a novel and specific NOX4 inhibitor (GLX7013114) may have therapeutic potential on kidney and mitochondrial function in a mouse model of IR-induced AKI. Methods: Kidneys of male C57BL/6J mice were clamped for 20 min, and the NOX4 inhibitor (GLX7013114) was administered via osmotic minipump during reperfusion. Following 3 days of reperfusion, kidney function (i.e., glomerular filtration rate, GFR) was calculated from FITC-inulin clearance and mitochondrial function was assessed by high-resolution respirometry. Renal histopathological evaluations (i.e., hematoxylin-eosin) and TUNEL staining were performed for apoptotic evaluation. Results: NOX4 inhibition during reperfusion significantly improved kidney function, as evidenced by a better-maintained GFR (p < 0.05) and lower levels of blood urea nitrogen (p < 0.05) compared to untreated IR animals. Moreover, IR caused significant tubular injuries that were attenuated by simultaneous NOX4 inhibition (p < 0.01). In addition, the level of renal apoptosis was significantly reduced in IR animals with NOX4 inhibition (p < 0.05). These favorable effects of the NOX4 inhibitor were accompanied by enhanced Nrf2 Ser40 phosphorylation and conserved mitochondrial function, as evidenced by the better-preserved activity of all mitochondrial complexes. Conclusion: Specific NOX4 inhibition, at the time of reperfusion, significantly preserves mitochondrial and kidney function. These novel findings may have clinical implications for future treatments aimed at preventing AKI and related adverse events, especially in high-risk hospitalized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas A. Schiffer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden; (T.A.S.); (L.R.R.A.C.); (D.G.); (A.B.); (P.W.)
| | | | - Drielle Guimaraes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden; (T.A.S.); (L.R.R.A.C.); (D.G.); (A.B.); (P.W.)
| | - Ariela Boeder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden; (T.A.S.); (L.R.R.A.C.); (D.G.); (A.B.); (P.W.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Per Wikström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden; (T.A.S.); (L.R.R.A.C.); (D.G.); (A.B.); (P.W.)
- Glucox Biotech AB, 17997 Färentuna, Sweden
| | - Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17165 Solna, Sweden; (T.A.S.); (L.R.R.A.C.); (D.G.); (A.B.); (P.W.)
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Uysal F, Sukur G, Bozdemir N, Cinar O. Unveiling the impact of DNA methylation machinery: Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a in orchestrating oocyte development and cellular homeostasis. Genesis 2024; 62:e23579. [PMID: 37985411 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation can be considered the most prominent in controlling the gene expression responsible for the balance between cell proliferation and cell death. In this study, we aimed to analyze the distinct contributions of Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a enzymes in oocyte maturation, survival, autophagy, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and compensation capacity of Dnmt3b and Dnmt3l enzymes in mouse oocytes. Following confirming the suppression of Dnmt1or Dnmt3a through siRNA application, the assessment involved immunofluorescence staining for Dnmts, 5mC, p62, and ROS levels. Cell death rates showed a noticeable increase while oocyte maturation rates exhibited significant reduction. Global DNA methylation showed a decline, concomitant with elevated p62 and ROS levels upon Dnmt1 or Dnmt3a knockdown. Remarkably, silencing of Dnmt1 led to an upsurge in Dnmt3a expression, whereas Dnmt3a knockdown triggered an increase in Dnmt1 levels. Furthermore, Dnmt3l expression exhibited a notable decrease after silencing of either Dnmt1 or Dnmt3a, while Dnmt3b levels remained comparable between control and siRNA-treated groups. Collectively, this study underscores the pivotal roles of Dnmt1 and Dnmt3a in orchestrating various facets of oocyte development, encompassing maturation, survival, autophagy, and ROS production. These findings offer valuable insights into the intricate regulatory network governed by DNA methylation machinery within the context of oocyte physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Uysal
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara Medipol University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gozde Sukur
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nazlican Bozdemir
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara Medipol University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Cinar
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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6
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Fornari Laurindo L, Aparecido Dias J, Cressoni Araújo A, Torres Pomini K, Machado Galhardi C, Rucco Penteado Detregiachi C, Santos de Argollo Haber L, Donizeti Roque D, Dib Bechara M, Vialogo Marques de Castro M, de Souza Bastos Mazuqueli Pereira E, José Tofano R, Jasmin Santos German Borgo I, Maria Barbalho S. Immunological dimensions of neuroinflammation and microglial activation: exploring innovative immunomodulatory approaches to mitigate neuroinflammatory progression. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1305933. [PMID: 38259497 PMCID: PMC10800801 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1305933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing life expectancy has led to a higher incidence of age-related neurodegenerative conditions. Within this framework, neuroinflammation emerges as a significant contributing factor. It involves the activation of microglia and astrocytes, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and the infiltration of peripheral leukocytes into the central nervous system (CNS). These instances result in neuronal damage and neurodegeneration through activated nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat containing (NLR) family pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) pathways and decreased nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activity. Due to limited effectiveness regarding the inhibition of neuroinflammatory targets using conventional drugs, there is challenging growth in the search for innovative therapies for alleviating neuroinflammation in CNS diseases or even before their onset. Our results indicate that interventions focusing on Interleukin-Driven Immunomodulation, Chemokine (CXC) Receptor Signaling and Expression, Cold Exposure, and Fibrin-Targeted strategies significantly promise to mitigate neuroinflammatory processes. These approaches demonstrate potential anti-neuroinflammatory effects, addressing conditions such as Multiple Sclerosis, Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Parkinson's Disease, and Alzheimer's Disease. While the findings are promising, immunomodulatory therapies often face limitations due to Immune-Related Adverse Events. Therefore, the conduction of randomized clinical trials in this matter is mandatory, and will pave the way for a promising future in the development of new medicines with specific therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina de Marília (FAMEMA), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Aparecido Dias
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano Cressoni Araújo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Torres Pomini
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Machado Galhardi
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia Rucco Penteado Detregiachi
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luíza Santos de Argollo Haber
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Domingos Donizeti Roque
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dib Bechara
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcela Vialogo Marques de Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliana de Souza Bastos Mazuqueli Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo José Tofano
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Iris Jasmin Santos German Borgo
- Department of Biological Sciences (Anatomy), School of Dentistry of Bauru, Universidade de São Paulo (FOB-USP), Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, School of Food and Technology of Marília (FATEC), Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
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7
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Demianchuk O, Vatashchuk M, Gospodaryov D, Hurza V, Ivanochko M, Derkachov V, Berezovskyi V, Lushchak O, Storey KB, Bayliak M, Lushchak VI. High-fat high-fructose diet and alpha-ketoglutarate affect mouse behavior that is accompanied by changes in oxidative stress response and energy metabolism in the cerebral cortex. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130521. [PMID: 37967727 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2023.130521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High caloric diets with high amounts of fats and sweeteners such as fructose may predispose organisms to neurodegenerative diseases. METHODS This study aimed to examine the effects of a high-fat high-fructose diet (HFFD) on the behavior of mice, energy metabolism, and markers of oxidative stress in murine cerebral cortex. Dietary α-ketoglutarate (AKG) was chosen as a treatment which could modulate the putative effects of HFFD. RESULTS We found that HFFD stimulated locomotion and defecation in mice, whereas an AKG-supplemented diet had a proclivity to promote anxiety-like behavior. HFFD stimulated lipid peroxidation, and in turn, the AKG-supplemented diet led to a higher ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione, higher activity of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1, and higher mRNA levels of UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase and transcription factor EB. Both diets separately, but not in combination, led to a decrease in the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and phosphofructokinase. All experimental diets resulted in lower levels of transcripts of genes encoding pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), glycine N-methyl transferase, and peroxisome proliferator receptor γ co-activator 1. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that diet supplemented with AKG resulted in effects similar to those of HFFD on the cerebral cortex, but elicited substantial differences between these two diets with respect to behavior, glutathione-dependent detoxification, and processes related to autophagy. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our study provides insight into the metabolic effects of HFFD alone and in combination with alpha-ketoglutarate in the mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleh Demianchuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Myroslava Vatashchuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro Gospodaryov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine.
| | - Viktoria Hurza
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Marian Ivanochko
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Vitalii Derkachov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Vladyslav Berezovskyi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Oleh Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine; Research and Development University, 13a Shota Rustaveli Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Maria Bayliak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine.
| | - Volodymyr I Lushchak
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, 57 Shevchenko Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine; Research and Development University, 13a Shota Rustaveli Str., Ivano-Frankivsk, 76018, Ukraine.
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8
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Timpani CA, Kourakis S, Debruin DA, Campelj DG, Pompeani N, Dargahi N, Bautista AP, Bagaric RM, Ritenis EJ, Sahakian L, Debrincat D, Stupka N, Hafner P, Arthur PG, Terrill JR, Apostolopoulos V, de Haan JB, Guven N, Fischer D, Rybalka E. Dimethyl fumarate modulates the dystrophic disease program following short-term treatment. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e165974. [PMID: 37751291 PMCID: PMC10721277 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.165974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
New medicines are urgently required to treat the fatal neuromuscular disease Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a potent immunomodulatory small molecule nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 activator with current clinical utility in the treatment of multiple sclerosis and psoriasis that could be effective for DMD and rapidly translatable. Here, we tested 2 weeks of daily 100 mg/kg DMF versus 5 mg/kg standard-care prednisone (PRED) treatment in juvenile mdx mice with early symptomatic DMD. Both drugs modulated seed genes driving the DMD disease program and improved force production in fast-twitch muscle. However, only DMF showed pro-mitochondrial effects, protected contracting muscles from fatigue, improved histopathology, and augmented clinically compatible muscle function tests. DMF may be a more selective modulator of the DMD disease program than PRED, warranting follow-up longitudinal studies to evaluate disease-modifying impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara A. Timpani
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine – Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephanie Kourakis
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Danielle A. Debruin
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dean G. Campelj
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nancy Pompeani
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Narges Dargahi
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Angelo P. Bautista
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ryan M. Bagaric
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elya J. Ritenis
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lauren Sahakian
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine – Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Didier Debrincat
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole Stupka
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine – Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patricia Hafner
- Division of Neuropaediatrics and Developmental Medicine, University Children’s Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter G. Arthur
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jessica R. Terrill
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Judy B. de Haan
- Basic Science Domain, Oxidative Stress Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nuri Guven
- Department of Medicine – Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dirk Fischer
- Division of Neuropaediatrics and Developmental Medicine, University Children’s Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emma Rybalka
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHeS), Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), St Albans, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine – Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
- Division of Neuropaediatrics and Developmental Medicine, University Children’s Hospital of Basel (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland
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9
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Wen XP, Li M, Zhang RQ, Wan QQ. Insulin reverses impaired alveolar fluid clearance in ARDS by inhibiting LPS-induced autophagy and inflammatory. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1162159. [PMID: 37654494 PMCID: PMC10466042 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1162159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Until now, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has been a difficult clinical condition with a high mortality and morbidity rate, and is characterized by a build-up of alveolar fluid and impaired clearance. The underlying mechanism is not yet fully understood and no effective medications available. Autophagy activation is associated with ARDS caused by different pathogenic factors. It represents a new direction of prevention and treatment of ARDS to restrain autophagy to a reasonable level through pharmacological and molecular genetic methods. Na, K-ATPase is the main gradient driver of pulmonary water clearance in ARDS and could be degraded by the autophagy-lysosome pathway to affect its abundance and enzyme activity. As a normal growth hormone in human body, insulin has been widely used in clinical for a long time. To investigate the association of insulin with Na, K-ATPase, autophagy and inflammatory markers in LPS-treated C57BL/6 mice by survival assessment, proteomic analysis, histologic examination, inflammatory cell counting, myeloperoxidase, TNF-α and IL-1β activity analysis etc. This was also verified on mouse alveolar epithelial type II (AT II) and A549 cells by transmission electron microscopy. We found that insulin restored the expression of Na, K-ATPase, inhibited the activation of autophagy and reduced the release of inflammatory factors caused by alveolar epithelial damage. The regulation mechanism of insulin on Na, K-ATPase by inhibiting autophagy function may provide new drug targets for the treatment of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-peng Wen
- Transplantation Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ru-qi Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qi-quan Wan
- Transplantation Center, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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10
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Yu B, Zhou Y, He J. TRIM13 inhibits cell proliferation and induces autophagy in lung adenocarcinoma by regulating KEAP1/NRF2 pathway. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:1496-1513. [PMID: 37245083 PMCID: PMC10281484 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2216504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common type of lung cancer. Tripartite motif 13 (TRIM13) is a member of TRIM protein family and is downregulated in multiple cancers, especially non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). In this study, we investigated anti-tumor mechanism of TRIM13 in non-small cell lung cancer tissues and cell lines. First, the mRNA and protein levels of TRIM13 in LUAD tissue and cells were measured. TRIM13 was overexpressed on LUAD cells to investigate the effects on cell proliferation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, p62 ubiquitination, and autophagy activation. Finally, mechanistic role of TRIM13 in regulating the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway was investigated. Results indicated that low level of TRIM13 mRNA and protein expression was found in LUAD tissue and cells. Overexpression of TRIM13 in LUAD cancer cells suppressed their proliferation, increased apoptosis, and oxidative stress, ubiquitinated p62, and activated autophagy via the RING finger domain of TRIM13. Furthermore, TRIM13 showed interaction with p62 and mediated its ubiquitination and degradation in LUAD cells. Mechanistically, TRIM13 exerted the tumor suppressor functions in LUAD cells by negatively regulating Nrf2 signaling and downstream antioxidants, which was further confirmed by in vivo data from xenografts. In conclusion, TRIM13 behaves like a tumor suppressor and triggers autophagy in LUAD cells by mediating p62 ubiquitination via KEAP1/Nrf2 pathway. Our findings provide a novel insight into targeted therapy plans for LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- Department of thoracic surgery, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Scientific Research, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Jinxi He
- Department of thoracic surgery, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
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11
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Lu X, Liu X, Liang E, Yang R, Liu Y, Liu X, Yan F, Xing Y. Panax quinquefolius saponin inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell calcification via activation of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:129. [PMID: 37085826 PMCID: PMC10120105 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03961-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Panax quinquefolius saponin (PQS) is the main active component of Panax quinquefolius. Emerging evidence suggests that PQS exerts beneficial effects against cardiovascular diseases. However, the role and mechanism of PQS in vascular calcification are not unclear. The present study investigated the effects of PQS on the calcification of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMCs). METHODS The present study used calcification medium containing 3 mM inorganic phosphate (Pi) to induce rat VSMCs calcification. We investigated the effects of PQS on VSMCs calcification using alizarin red staining and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity assays. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the transcriptional activity of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) were determined. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Nrf2, the antioxidant gene heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), osteogenic markers, including runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) were also measured. RESULTS Treatment with Pi significantly increased intracellular calcium deposition and ALP activity, which were suppressed by PQS in a concentration-dependent manner. During VSMCs calcification, PQS inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of Runx2 and BMP2. PQS treatment reduced intracellular ROS production and significantly upregulated Nrf2 transcriptional activity and the expression of Nrf2 and its target antioxidant gene HO-1. PQS suppressed the Pi-induced protein expression of Keap1, which is an endogenous inhibitor of Nrf2. Keap1 siRNA treatment induced Nrf2 expression and downregulated Runx2 expression in the presence of Pi and PQS. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings suggest that PQS could effectively inhibit VSMCs calcification by ameliorating oxidative stress and regulating osteogenic genes via the promotion of Nrf2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Ershun Liang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Ruixue Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, 250012, Jinan, China
| | - Fangfang Yan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yifan Xing
- Department of Medical Insurance, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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12
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Shi S, Chen Y, Luo Z, Nie G, Dai Y. Role of oxidative stress and inflammation-related signaling pathways in doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:61. [PMID: 36918950 PMCID: PMC10012797 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01077-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a powerful and commonly used chemotherapeutic drug, used alone or in combination in a variety of cancers, while it has been found to cause serious cardiac side effects in clinical application. More and more researchers are trying to explore the molecular mechanisms of DOX-induced cardiomyopathy (DIC), in which oxidative stress and inflammation are considered to play a significant role. This review summarizes signaling pathways related to oxidative stress and inflammation in DIC and compounds that exert cardioprotective effects by acting on relevant signaling pathways, including the role of Nrf2/Keap1/ARE, Sirt1/p66Shc, Sirt1/PPAR/PGC-1α signaling pathways and NOS, NOX, Fe2+ signaling in oxidative stress, as well as the role of NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD, HMGB1/TLR4/MAPKs/NF-κB, mTOR/TFEB/NF-κB pathways in DOX-induced inflammation. Hence, we attempt to explain the mechanisms of DIC in terms of oxidative stress and inflammation, and to provide a theoretical basis or new idea for further drug research on reducing DIC. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saixian Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China.,School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China.,School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zhijian Luo
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Guojun Nie
- The First Outpatient Department of People's Liberation Army Western Theater General Hospital, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yan Dai
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan Province, China.
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13
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How ginseng regulates autophagy: Insights from multistep process. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114139. [PMID: 36580724 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although autophagy is a recognized contributor to the pathogenesis of human diseases, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are the only two FDA-approved autophagy inhibitors to date. Emerging evidence has revealed the potential therapeutic benefits of various extracts and active compounds isolated from ginseng, especially ginsenosides and their derivatives, by mediating autophagy. Mechanistically, active components from ginseng mediate key regulators in the multistep processes of autophagy, namely, initiation, autophagosome biogenesis and cargo degradation. AIM OF REVIEW To date, a review that systematically described the relationship between ginseng and autophagy is still lacking. Breakthroughs in finding the key players in ginseng-autophagy regulation will be a promising research area, and will provide positive insights into the development of new drugs based on ginseng and autophagy. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW Here, we comprehensively summarized the critical roles of ginseng-regulated autophagy in treating diseases, including cancers, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, and neurotoxicity. The dual effects of the autophagy response in certain diseases are worthy of note; thus, we highlight the complex impacts of both ginseng-induced and ginseng-inhibited autophagy. Moreover, autophagy and apoptosis are controlled by multiple common upstream signals, cross-regulate each other and affect certain diseases, especially cancers. Therefore, this review also discusses the cross-signal transduction pathways underlying the molecular mechanisms and interaction between ginseng-regulated autophagy and apoptosis.
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14
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Yang H, Ping X, Cui Y, Zheng S, Shentu X. Role of Rapamycin and 3-MA in oxidative damage of HLECs caused by two doses of UVB radiation. ADVANCES IN OPHTHALMOLOGY PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 2023; 3:15-22. [PMID: 37846426 PMCID: PMC10577839 DOI: 10.1016/j.aopr.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Background This study compared the role of autophagy regulators Rapamycin and 3-MA in oxidative damage and apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) caused by two doses of Ultraviolet Radiation B (UVB). Methods HLECs were irradiated with UVB, and two doses of UVB damage models were constructed. After treatment with autophagy regulators, cell damage tests such as CCK-8, LDH activity, and Ros detection were performed. Western blotting was used to detect the levels of autophagy-related proteins and apoptosis-related proteins. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the mRNA leve of secondary antioxidant enzymes.Flow cytometry was used to examine cell viability and apoptosis. Finally, the proportion of autophagy and apoptosis was observed by electron microscope. Results Autophagy inhibitor 3-MA promoted oxidative damage and apoptosis of HLECs at low doses of UVB (5 mJ/cm2), which corresponds to 1.3 h of exposure to sunlight in human eyes. Under the high dose of UVB (50mJ/cm2), which is equivalent to 13 h of exposure to sunlight in human eyes, the autophagy inducer Rapamycin caused more extensive oxidative damage and apoptosis of HLECs. 3-MA was able to reduce this damage, indicating that moderate autophagy is necessary for HLECs to cope with mild oxidative stress. For high dose UVB-induced oxidative stress, the use of 3-MA inhibiting autophagy is more beneficial to reduce cell damage and apoptosis. The mechanisms include degradation of damaged organelles, regulation of the expression of antioxidant enzymes HO-1, NQO1, GCS and regulation of apoptosis-related proteins. Conclusions Autophagy played different roles in HLECs oxidative stress induced by two doses of UVB. It provides new ideas for reducing oxidative damage and apoptosis of HLECs to prevent or delay the progression of age-related cataract (ARC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiyuan Ping
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yilei Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sifan Zheng
- GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Xingchao Shentu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine; Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Atalay Ekiner S, Gęgotek A, Skrzydlewska E. The molecular activity of cannabidiol in the regulation of Nrf2 system interacting with NF-κB pathway under oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2022; 57:102489. [PMID: 36198205 PMCID: PMC9535304 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD), the major non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid of Cannabis sativa L., is one of the most studied compounds in pharmacotherapeutic approaches to treat oxidative stress-related diseases such as cardiovascular, metabolic, neurodegenerative, and neoplastic diseases. The literature data to date indicate the possibility of both antioxidant and pro-oxidative effects of CBD. Thus, the mechanism of action of this natural compound in the regulation of nuclear factor 2 associated with erythroid 2 (Nrf2), which plays the role of the main cytoprotective regulator of redox balance and inflammation under oxidative stress conditions, seems to be particularly important. Moreover, Nrf2 is strongly correlated with the cellular neoplastic profile and malignancy, which in turn is critical in determining the cellular response induced by CBD under pathophysiological conditions. This paper summarizes the CBD-mediated pathways of regulation of the Nrf2 system by altering the expression and modification of both proteins directly involved in Nrf2 transcriptional activity and proteins involved in the relationship between Nrf2 and the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) which is another redox-sensitive transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinemyiz Atalay Ekiner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Gęgotek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Elżbieta Skrzydlewska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Mickiewicza 2D, 15-222, Bialystok, Poland.
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16
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Fu RH, Tsai CW, Liu SP, Chiu SC, Chen YC, Chiang YT, Kuo YH, Shyu WC, Lin SZ. Neuroprotective Capability of Narcissoside in 6-OHDA-Exposed Parkinson's Disease Models through Enhancing the MiR200a/Nrf-2/GSH Axis and Mediating MAPK/Akt Associated Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2089. [PMID: 36358461 PMCID: PMC9686521 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed the antioxidant potential of narcissoside from Sambucus nigra flowers (elderflowers) in Parkinson's disease models in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that narcissoside lessened the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells. In the 6-OHDA-exposed Caenorhabditis elegans model, narcissoside reduced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and ROS generation, and also improved dopamine-related food-sensitive behavior and shortened lifespan. Moreover, NCS increased total glutathione (GSH) by increasing the expression of the catalytic subunit and modifier subunit of γ-glutamylcysteine ligase in cells and nematodes. Treatment with a GSH inhibitor partially abolished the anti-apoptotic ability of narcissoside. Furthermore, narcissoside diminished the 6-OHDA-induced phosphorylation of JNK and p38, while rising activities of ERK and Akt in resisting apoptosis. The antioxidant response element (ARE)-luciferase reporter activity analysis and electromobility gel shift assay showed that narcissoside promotes the transcriptional activity mediated by Nrf2. Finally, we found that narcissoside augmented the expression of miR200a, a translational inhibitor of the Nrf2 repressor protein Keap1. Downregulation of Nrf2 and miR200a by RNAi and anti-miR200a, respectively, reversed the neuroprotective ability of narcissoside. In summary, narcissoside can enhance the miR200a/Nrf2/GSH antioxidant pathway, alleviate 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis, and has the neuroprotective potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Huei Fu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Tsai
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ping Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Chih Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hua Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Cherng Shyu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Buddhist Tzu Chi Bioinnovation Center, Tzu Chi Foundation, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien 97002, Taiwan
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17
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Zhao X, Zhang Q, Zheng R. The interplay between oxidative stress and autophagy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1004275. [PMID: 36225291 PMCID: PMC9548529 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1004275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved process that is indispensable for cell survival, embryonic development, and tissue homeostasis. Activation of autophagy protects cells against oxidative stress and is a major adaptive response to injury. When autophagy is dysregulated by factors such as smoking, environmental insults and aging, it can lead to enhanced formation of aggressors and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in oxidative stress and oxidative damage to cells. ROS activates autophagy, which in turn promotes cell adaptation and reduces oxidative damage by degrading and circulating damaged macromolecules and dysfunctional cell organelles. The cellular response triggered by oxidative stress includes changes in signaling pathways that ultimately regulate autophagy. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the most common lung disease among the elderly worldwide, with a high mortality rate. As an induced response to oxidative stress, autophagy plays an important role in the pathogenesis of COPD. This review discusses the regulation of oxidative stress and autophagy in COPD, and aims to provide new avenues for future research on target-specific treatments for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rui Zheng
- *Correspondence: Qiang Zhang, ; Rui Zheng,
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18
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Diindolylmethane Inhibits Cadmium-Induced Autophagic Cell Death via Regulation of Oxidative Stress in HEL299 Human Lung Fibroblasts. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165215. [PMID: 36014455 PMCID: PMC9414701 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a harmful heavy metal, can lead to various pulmonary diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), by inducing cytotoxicity and disturbing redox homeostasis. The aim of the present study was to investigate Cd-mediated cytotoxicity using human lung fibroblasts and the therapeutic potential of 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM). Cadmium significantly reduced the cell viability of human embryonic lung (HEL299) cells accompanied by enhanced oxidative stress as evidenced by the increased expression of autophagy-related proteins such as LC3B and p62. However, treatment with DIM significantly suppressed autophagic cell death in Cd-induced HEL299 fibroblasts. In addition, DIM induced antioxidant enzyme activity and decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in Cd-damaged HEL299 cells. This study suggests that DIM effectively suppressed Cd-induced lung fibroblast cell death through the upregulation of antioxidant systems and represents a potential agent for the prevention of various diseases related to Cd exposure.
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Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158494. [PMID: 35955628 PMCID: PMC9368934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, relapsing disease that severely affects patients’ quality of life. The exact cause of IBD is uncertain, but current studies suggest that abnormal activation of the immune system, genetic susceptibility, and altered intestinal flora due to mucosal barrier defects may play an essential role in the pathogenesis of IBD. Unfortunately, IBD is currently difficult to be wholly cured. Thus, more treatment options are needed for different patients. Stem cell therapy, mainly including hematopoietic stem cell therapy and mesenchymal stem cell therapy, has shown the potential to improve the clinical disease activity of patients when conventional treatments are not effective. Stem cell therapy, an emerging therapy for IBD, can alleviate mucosal inflammation through mechanisms such as immunomodulation and colonization repair. Clinical studies have confirmed the effectiveness of stem cell transplantation in refractory IBD and the ability to maintain long-term remission in some patients. However, stem cell therapy is still in the research stage, and its safety and long-term efficacy remain to be further evaluated. This article reviews the upcoming stem cell transplantation methods for clinical application and the results of ongoing clinical trials to provide ideas for the clinical use of stem cell transplantation as a potential treatment for IBD.
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20
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Chen Y, Cao H, He W, Zhang X, Xu R. tert-Butylhydroquinone-induced formation of high-molecular-weight p62: A novel mechanism in the activation of Nrf2-Keap1. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1345-1354. [PMID: 35830696 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory system is always exposed to air and is most vulnerable to attack by environmental free radicals. The nuclear factor E2-related factor 2-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1-antioxidant response element (Nrf2-Keap1-ARE) pathway and p62 are both involved in the oxidative stress response. However, the interplay between these two systems remains largely unknown. This study shows that treatment of L2 cells with tert-Butylhydroquinone (tBHQ) generates a high-molecular-weight (HMW) form of p62, leading to activation of the Nrf2-Keap1-ARE pathway. The levels of HMW-p62 increased as the tBHQ concentration increased, with concomitant decreases seen in the classical form of p62. Moreover, small interfering RNA targeting p62 increases Keap1 protein levels and inactivates the Nrf2-Keap1-ARE pathway. These results demonstrate that the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway is partially regulated by p62. tBHQ-induced HMW-p62 production may be a novel mechanism in the activation of the Nrf2-Keap1-ARE pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfang Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Guangdong, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzen, China
| | - Hua Cao
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Guangdong, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzen, China
| | - Wan He
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Guangdong, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzen, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Guangdong, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzen, China
| | - Ruilian Xu
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Guangdong, China.,Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzen, China
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21
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Chlorogenic acid improves growth performance and intestinal health through autophagy-mediated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway in oxidatively stressed broilers induced by dexamethasone. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102036. [PMID: 35901652 PMCID: PMC9326338 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on growth performance, intestinal morphology, antioxidant capacity, and the autophagy-mediated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway in oxidatively stressed broilers were investigated. A total of 400 one-day-old male Cobb broilers were divided randomly into 4 groups using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with 2 CGA supplemental levels (0 and 500 mg/kg) and 2 dexamethasone (DEX) challenge levels (0 and 3 mg/kg body weight). All the broilers were injected intraperitoneally with DEX or sterile saline beginning at the age of 15 d for 6 consecutive days. The experiment lasted for 21 d. The CGA increased average daily gain (ADG), villus height, villus height/crypt depth (V/C) value, and the protein expressions of Occludin and ZO-1 in the ileum and decreased the feed:gain (F:G) ratio, which were impaired by the DEX challenge. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), gutathione S-transferase (GST), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) activities in the serum and ileum were increased by CGA, whereas protein carboxyl (PCO) level in the serum and ileum, and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the ileum were decreased of the DEX challenged broilers. The DEX challenge decreased microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-II, Beclin1, and autophagy-related gene (ATG) 7 mRNA expressions, and the LC3-II/LC3-I value and increased LC3-I, cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase (Caspase)-3 and Caspase-9 mRNA expressions in the ileum, which were improved by CGA. DEX also decreased the protein expressions of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap1), Nrf2, HO-1, NADPH quinone oxidoreductase-1(NQO-1) and increased sequestosome 1 (p62) in the ileum, which were improved by CGA. Interactions occurred between DEX and CGA for the ADG, F:G ratio, villus height, crypt depth, V/C value, and SOD, CAT, GST, and HO-1 activities, MDA and PCO levels, LC3-II/LC3-I value, and expressions of LC3-I, LC3-II, Beclin1, ATG7, Caspase-3, Caspase-9, Occludin, ZO-1, Keap1, Nrf2, HO-1, NQO-1, and p62. In conclusion, CGA improved the growth performance and intestinal health of oxidatively stressed broilers by activating the autophagy-mediated Nrf2 pathway.
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22
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Račková L, Csekes E. Redox aspects of cytotoxicity and anti-neuroinflammatory profile of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in serum-starved BV-2 microglia. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 447:116084. [PMID: 35618033 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have long been used worldwide to treat and prevent human malarias. However, these 4-aminoquinolines have also shown promising potential in treating chronic illnesses with an inflammatory component, including neurological diseases. Given the current demand for serum avoidance during pharmacological testing and modeling of some pathologies, we compared cytotoxicities of CQ and HCQ in both serum-deprived and -fed murine BV-2 microglia. Furthermore, we assessed the anti-neuroinflammatory potential of both compounds in serum-deprived cells. Under both conditions, CQ showed higher cytotoxicity than HCQ. However, the comparable MTT-assay-derived data measured under different serum conditions were associated with disparate cytotoxic mechanisms of CQ and HCQ. In particular, under serum starvation, CQ mildly enhanced secondary ROS, mitochondrial hyperpolarization, and decreased phagocytosis. However, CQ promoted G1 phase cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial depolarization in serum-fed cells. Under both conditions, CQ fostered early apoptosis. Additionally, we confirmed that both compounds could exert anti-inflammatory effects in microglia through interference with MAPK signaling under nutrient-deprivation-related stress. Nevertheless, unlike HCQ, CQ is more likely to exaggerate intracellular prooxidant processes in activated starved microglia, which are inefficiently buffered by Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway activation. These outcomes also show HCQ as a promising anti-neuroinflammatory drug devoid of CQ-mediated cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Račková
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dúbravská cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Erika Csekes
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dúbravská cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
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23
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Wolowczyk C, Neckmann U, Aure MR, Hall M, Johannessen B, Zhao S, Skotheim RI, Andersen SB, Zwiggelaar R, Steigedal TS, Lingjærde OC, Sahlberg KK, Almaas E, Bjørkøy G. NRF2 drives an oxidative stress response predictive of breast cancer. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 184:170-184. [PMID: 35381325 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many breast cancer patients are diagnosed with small, well-differentiated, hormone receptor-positive tumors. Risk of relapse is not easily identified in these patients, resulting in overtreatment. To identify metastasis-related gene expression patterns, we compared the transcriptomes of the non-metastatic 67NR and metastatic 66cl4 cell lines from the murine 4T1 mammary tumor model. The transcription factor nuclear factor, erythroid 2-like 2 (NRF2, encoded by NFE2L2) was constitutively activated in the metastatic cells and tumors, and correspondingly a subset of established NRF2-regulated genes was also upregulated. Depletion of NRF2 increased basal levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and severely reduced ability to form primary tumors and lung metastases. Consistently, a set of NRF2-controlled genes was elevated in breast cancer biopsies. Sixteen of these were combined into a gene expression signature that significantly improves the PAM50 ROR score, and is an independent, strong predictor of prognosis, even in hormone receptor-positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Wolowczyk
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Ulrike Neckmann
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Miriam Ragle Aure
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Martina Hall
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; K.G.Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
| | - Bjarne Johannessen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Cancer Genomics Consortium, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sen Zhao
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Cancer Genomics Consortium, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rolf I Skotheim
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Cancer Genomics Consortium, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sonja B Andersen
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rosalie Zwiggelaar
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tonje S Steigedal
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Kristine Kleivi Sahlberg
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Research, Vestre Viken Hospital Trust, Drammen, Norway
| | - Eivind Almaas
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; K.G.Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
| | - Geir Bjørkøy
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research and Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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24
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Lian CY, Chu BX, Xia WH, Wang ZY, Fan RF, Wang L. Persistent activation of Nrf2 in a p62-dependent non-canonical manner aggravates lead-induced kidney injury by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting autophagy. J Adv Res 2022; 46:87-100. [PMID: 37003700 PMCID: PMC10105071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lead (Pb) is an environmental toxicant that poses severe health risks to humans and animals, especially renal disorders. Pb-induced nephrotoxicity has been attributed to oxidative stress, in which apoptosis and autophagy are core events. OBJECTIVES Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) acts as a major contributor to counteract oxidative damage, while hyperactivation or depletion of Nrf2 pathway can cause the redox imbalance to induce tissue injury. This study was performed to clarify the function and mechanism of Nrf2 in Pb-triggered kidney injury. METHODS AND RESULTS First, data showed that Pb exposure activates Nrf2 pathway in primary rat proximal tubular cells. Next, Pb-induced Nrf2 activation was effectively regulated by pharmacological modulation or siRNA-mediated knockdown in vitro and in vivo assays. Notably, Pb-triggered cytotoxicity, renal injury and concomitant apoptosis were improved by Nrf2 downregulation, confirming that Pb-induced persistent Nrf2 activation contributes to nephrotoxicity. Additionally, Pb-triggered autophagy blockage was relieved by Nrf2 downregulation. Mechanistically, we found that Pb-induced persistent Nrf2 activation is attributed to reduced Nrf2 ubiquitination and nuclear-cytoplasmic loss of Keap1 in a p62-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, these findings highlight the dark side of persistent Nrf2 activation and potential crosstalk among Pb-induced persistent Nrf2 activation, apoptosis and autophagy blockage in Pb-triggered nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Yu Lian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Bing-Xin Chu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wei-Hao Xia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Zhen-Yong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China
| | - Rui-Feng Fan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province 271018, China.
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25
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Li P, Bing D, Wang X, Chen J, Du Z, Sun Y, Qi F, Chu H. New Target of Oxidative Stress Regulation in Cochleae: Alternative Splicing of the p62/Sqstm1 Gene. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:830-840. [PMID: 35048235 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-01969-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigated oxidative stress and antioxidant response in the p62/Sqstm1-Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in C57BL/6 mice cochleae during age-related hearing loss (ARHL) and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), and the function of full-length and variant p62 in the regulation of Nrf2 activation. Groups of young (2 months), old (13-14 months), control, and acoustic trauma (AT) mice were examined cochlear damage and oxidative stress as follows: auditory brainstem response and hair cell counts; malondialdehyde (MDA) levels measured by assay kit and 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) detected by immunohistochemistry. Full-length and variant p62 were examined for expression in cochleae, hippocampus (HIP), and auditory cortex (AC) using immunoblotting. Keap1-Nrf2 pathway activation was based on immunoblotting of nuclear Nrf2 and quantitative real-time PCR of Nrf2 target genes HO-1/NQO-1. The oxidative function of full-length and variant p62 was examined in HEI-OC-1 cells by flow cytometry. The results showed hearing loss, and cochlear hair cell loss was associated with MDA accumulation and 8-oxoG expression during ARHL and NIHL. Nrf2 showed no obvious changes in nuclear protein. Expression levels mRNA for HO-1 and NQO1 were lower in old mice and mildly greater in AT Mice. The expression of p62 splicing variant lacking the Keap1-interacting region was greater than full-length p62 in cochleae. However, the expression of p62 splicing variant was lesser than full-length p62 in HIP and AC. For HEI-OC-1 cells, overexpression of full-length p62 decreased ROS levels induced by H2O2. Oxidative stress is closely related to ARHL and NIHL. Changing the ratio of full-length to variant p62 protein expression may be a new target to reduce the level of oxidative stress in cochleae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjun Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Bing
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodi Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihui Du
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbo Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Qi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanqi Chu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Baumel-Alterzon S, Scott DK. Regulation of Pdx1 by oxidative stress and Nrf2 in pancreatic beta-cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1011187. [PMID: 36187092 PMCID: PMC9521308 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1011187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The beta-cell identity gene, pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1 (Pdx1), plays critical roles in many aspects of the life of beta-cells including differentiation, maturation, function, survival and proliferation. High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are extremely toxic to cells and especially to beta-cells due to their relatively low expression of antioxidant enzymes. One of the major mechanisms for beta-cell dysfunction in type-2 diabetes results from oxidative stress-dependent inhibition of PDX1 levels and function. ROS inhibits Pdx1 by reducing Pdx1 mRNA and protein levels, inhibiting PDX1 nuclear localization, and suppressing PDX1 coactivator complexes. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) antioxidant pathway controls the redox balance and allows the maintenance of high Pdx1 levels. Therefore, pharmacological activation of the Nrf2 pathway may alleviate diabetes by preserving Pdx1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Baumel-Alterzon
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Sharon Baumel-Alterzon,
| | - Donald K. Scott
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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27
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Priming, Triggering, Adaptation and Senescence (PTAS): A Hypothesis for a Common Damage Mechanism of Steatohepatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212545. [PMID: 34830427 PMCID: PMC8624051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the pathomechanism of steatohepatitis (SH) is hampered by the difficulty of distinguishing between causes and consequences, by the broad spectrum of aetiologies that can produce the phenotype, and by the long time-span during which SH develops, often without clinical symptoms. We propose that SH develops in four phases with transitions: (i) priming lowers stress defence; (ii) triggering leads to acute damage; (iii) adaptation, possibly associated with cellular senescence, mitigates tissue damage, leads to the phenotype, and preserves liver function at a lower level; (iv) finally, senescence prevents neoplastic transformation but favours fibrosis (cirrhosis) and inflammation and further reduction in liver function. Escape from senescence eventually leads to hepatocellular carcinoma. This hypothesis for a pathomechanism of SH is supported by clinical and experimental observations. It allows organizing the various findings to uncover remaining gaps in our knowledge and, finally, to provide possible diagnostic and intervention strategies for each stage of SH development.
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28
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Liang D, Lin WJ, Ren M, Qiu J, Yang C, Wang X, Li N, Zeng T, Sun K, You L, Yan L, Wang W. m 6A reader YTHDC1 modulates autophagy by targeting SQSTM1 in diabetic skin. Autophagy 2021; 18:1318-1337. [PMID: 34657574 PMCID: PMC9225222 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1974175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of macroautophagy/autophagy contributes to the delay of wound healing in diabetic skin. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification is known to play a critical role in regulating autophagy. In this study, it was found that SQSTM1/p62 (sequestosome 1), an autophagy receptor, was significantly downregulated in two human keratinocyte cells lines with short-term high-glucose treatment, as well as in the epidermis of diabetic patients and a db/db mouse model with long-term hyperglycemia. Knockdown of SQSTM1 led to the impairment of autophagic flux, which was consistent with the results of high-glucose treatment in keratinocytes. Moreover, the m6A reader protein YTHDC1 (YTH domain containing 1), which interacted with SQSTM1 mRNA, was downregulated in keratinocytes under both the acute and chronic effects of hyperglycemia. Knockdown of YTHDC1 affected biological functions of keratinocytes, which included increased apoptosis rates and impaired wound-healing capacity. In addition, knockdown of endogenous YTHDC1 resulted in a blockade of autophagic flux in keratinocytes, while overexpression of YTHDC1 rescued the blockade of autophagic flux induced by high glucose. In vivo, knockdown of endogenous Ythdc1 or Sqstm1 inhibited autophagy in the epidermis and delayed wound healing. Interestingly, we found that a decrease of YTHDC1 drove SQSTM1 mRNA degradation in the nucleus. Furthermore, the results revealed that YTHDC1 interacted and cooperated with ELAVL1/HuR (ELAV like RNA binding protein 1) in modulating the expression of SQSTM1. Collectively, this study uncovered a previously unrecognized function for YTHDC1 in modulating autophagy via regulating the stability of SQSTM1 nuclear mRNA in diabetic keratinocytes. Abbreviations: ACTB: actin beta; AGEs: glycation end products; AL: autolysosome; AP: autophagosome; ATG: autophagy related; AKT: AKT serine/threonine kinase; ANOVA: analysis of variance; BECN1: beclin 1; Co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; DEGs: differentially expressed genes; DM: diabetes mellitus; ELAVL1: ELAV like RNA binding protein 1; FTO: FTO alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase; G: glucose; HaCaT: human keratinocyte; GO: Gene Ontology; GSEA: Gene Set Enrichment Analysis; HE: hematoxylin-eosin; IHC: immunohistochemical; IRS: immunoreactive score; KEAP1: kelch like ECH associated protein 1; KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; m6A: N6-methyladenosine; M: mannitol; MANOVA: multivariate analysis of variance; MAP1LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAP1LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MeRIP: methylated RNA immunoprecipitation; METTL3: methyltransferase 3, N6-adenosine-methytransferase complex catalytic subunit; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1; NBR1: NBR1 autophagy cargo receptor; NFE2L2: nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2; NG: normal glucose; NHEK: normal human epithelial keratinocyte; OE: overexpressing; p-: phospho-; PI: propidium iodide; PPIN: Protein-Protein Interaction Network; RBPs: RNA binding proteins; RIP: RNA immunoprecipitation; RNA-seq: RNA-sequence; RNU6–1: RNA, U6 small nuclear 1; ROS: reactive oxygen species; siRNAs: small interfering RNAs; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; SRSF: serine and arginine rich splicing factor; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TUBB: tubulin beta class I; WT: wild-type; YTHDC1: YTH domain containing 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diefei Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Jye Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Medical Research Center of Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng Ren
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junxiong Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kan Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili You
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Resveratrol as an Adjunctive Therapy for Excessive Oxidative Stress in Aging COVID-19 Patients. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091440. [PMID: 34573071 PMCID: PMC8471532 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to burden healthcare systems worldwide. COVID-19 symptoms are highly heterogeneous, and the patient may be asymptomatic or may present with mild to severe or fatal symptoms. Factors, such as age, sex, and comorbidities, are key determinants of illness severity and progression. Aging is accompanied by multiple deficiencies in interferon production by dendritic cells or macrophages in response to viral infections, resulting in dysregulation of inflammatory immune responses and excess oxidative stress. Age-related dysregulation of immune function may cause a more obvious pathophysiological response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in elderly patients and may accelerate the risk of biological aging, even after recovery. For more favorable treatment outcomes, inhibiting viral replication and dampening inflammatory and oxidative responses before induction of an overt cytokine storm is crucial. Resveratrol is a potent antioxidant with antiviral activity. Herein, we describe the reasons for impaired interferon production, owing to aging, and the impact of aging on innate and adaptive immune responses to infection, which leads to inflammation distress and immunosuppression, thereby causing fulminant disease. Additionally, the molecular mechanism by which resveratrol could reverse a state of excessive basal inflammatory and oxidative stress and low antiviral immunity is discussed.
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30
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Cabral WA, Tavarez UL, Beeram I, Yeritsyan D, Boku YD, Eckhaus MA, Nazarian A, Erdos MR, Collins FS. Genetic reduction of mTOR extends lifespan in a mouse model of Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria syndrome. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13457. [PMID: 34453483 PMCID: PMC8441492 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare accelerated aging disorder most notably characterized by cardiovascular disease and premature death from myocardial infarction or stroke. The majority of cases are caused by a de novo single nucleotide mutation in the LMNA gene that activates a cryptic splice donor site, resulting in production of a toxic form of lamin A with a 50 amino acid internal deletion, termed progerin. We previously reported the generation of a transgenic murine model of progeria carrying a human BAC harboring the common mutation, G608G, which in the single-copy state develops features of HGPS that are limited to the vascular system. Here, we report the phenotype of mice bred to carry two copies of the BAC, which more completely recapitulate the phenotypic features of HGPS in skin, adipose, skeletal, and vascular tissues. We further show that genetic reduction of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) significantly extends lifespan in these mice, providing a rationale for pharmacologic inhibition of the mTOR pathway in the treatment of HGPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne A. Cabral
- Molecular Genetics Section Center for Precision Health Research National Human Genome Research Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Urraca L. Tavarez
- Molecular Genetics Section Center for Precision Health Research National Human Genome Research Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Indeevar Beeram
- Translational Musculoskeletal Innovation Initiative Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Diana Yeritsyan
- Translational Musculoskeletal Innovation Initiative Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Yoseph D. Boku
- Molecular Genetics Section Center for Precision Health Research National Human Genome Research Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Michael A. Eckhaus
- Diagnostic and Research Services Branch Division of Veterinary Resources Office of the Director National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Ara Nazarian
- Translational Musculoskeletal Innovation Initiative Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopedic Surgery Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Michael R. Erdos
- Molecular Genetics Section Center for Precision Health Research National Human Genome Research Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Francis S. Collins
- Molecular Genetics Section Center for Precision Health Research National Human Genome Research Institute National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
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31
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TFEB phosphorylation on Serine 211 is induced by autophagy in human synovial fibroblasts and by p62/SQSTM1 overexpression in HEK293 cells. Biochem J 2021; 478:3145-3155. [PMID: 34405859 PMCID: PMC8421036 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy receptor p62/SQSTM1 signals a complex network that links autophagy-lysosomal system to proteasome. Phosphorylation of p62 on Serine 349 (P-Ser349 p62) is involved in a cell protective, antioxidant pathway. We have shown previously that P-Ser349 p62 occurs and is rapidly degraded during human synovial fibroblasts autophagy. In this work we observed that fingolimod (FTY720), used as a medication for multiple sclerosis, induced coordinated expression of p62, P-Ser349 p62 and inhibitory TFEB form, phosphorylated on Serine 211 (P-Ser211 TFEB), in human synovial fibroblasts. These effects were mimicked and potentiated by proteasome inhibitor MG132. In addition, FTY720 induced autophagic flux, LC3B-II up-regulation, Akt phosphorylation inhibition on Serine 473 but down-regulated TFEB, suggesting stalled autophagy. FTY720 decreased cytoplasmic fraction contained TFEB but induced TFEB in nuclear fraction. FTY720-induced P-Ser211 TFEB was mainly found in membrane fraction. Autophagy and VPS34 kinase inhibitor, autophinib, further increased FTY720-induced P-Ser349 p62 but inhibited concomitant expression of P-Ser211 TFEB. These results suggested that P-Ser211 TFEB expression depends on autophagy. Overexpression of GFP tagged TFEB in HEK293 cells showed concomitant expression of its phosphorylated form on Serine 211, that was down-regulated by autophinib. These results suggested that autophagy might be autoregulated through P-Ser211 TFEB as a negative feedback loop. Of interest, overexpression of p62, p62 phosphorylation mimetic (S349E) mutant and phosphorylation deficient mutant (S349A) in HEK293 cells markedly induced P-Ser211 TFEB. These results showed that p62 is involved in regulation of TFEB phosphorylation on Serine 211 but that this involvement does not depend on p62 phosphorylation on Serine 349.
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32
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A neuropathological cell model derived from Niemann-Pick disease type C patient-specific iPSCs shows disruption of the p62/SQSTM1-KEAP1-NRF2 Axis and impaired formation of neuronal networks. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2021; 28:100784. [PMID: 34377675 PMCID: PMC8327345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2021.100784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann−Pick disease type C (NPC) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder caused by a recessive mutation in the NPC1 or NPC2 gene, in which patients exhibit lysosomal accumulation of unesterified cholesterol and glycolipids. Most of the research on NPC has been done in patient-derived skin fibroblasts or mouse models. Therefore, we developed NPC patient neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to investigate the neuropathological cause of the disease. Although an accumulation of cholesterol and glycolipids, which is characteristic of NPC, was observed in both undifferentiated iPSCs and derived neural stem cells (NSCs), we could not observed the abnormalities in differentiation potential and autophagic activity in such immature cells. However, definite neuropathological features were detected in mature neuronal cells generated from NPC patient-derived iPSCs. Abnormal accumulation of cholesterol and other lipids identified by lipid droplets and number of enlarged lysosomes was more prominent in mature neuronal cells rather than in iPSCs and/or NSCs. Thin-sectioning electron microscopic analysis also demonstrated numerous typical membranous cytoplasmic bodies in mature neuronal cells. Furthermore, TUJ1-positive neurite density was significantly reduced in NPC patient-derived neuronal cells. In addition, disruption of the p62/SQSTM1−KEAP1−NRF2 axis occurred in neurons differentiated from NPC patient-derived iPSCs. These data indicate the impairment of neuronal network formation associated with neurodegeneration in mature neuronal cells derived from patients with NPC. Niemann−Pick disease type C patient-derived neurons showed pathological features Lipid droplets and lysosomes accumulated at high levels in patient's cells Patient-derived neurons showed defective neuronal network formation Disruption of the p62/SQSTM1−KEAP1−NRF2 axis occurred in patient-derived neurons
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33
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Huang KY, Yu YW, Liu S, Zhou YY, Wang JS, Peng YP, Ji KT, Xue YJ. A Single, Acute Astragaloside IV Therapy Protects Cardiomyocyte Through Attenuating Superoxide Anion-Mediated Accumulation of Autophagosomes in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:642925. [PMID: 34349641 PMCID: PMC8327213 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.642925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, characterized by myocardial cell death (e.g., apoptosis) and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide (O2 ·-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), is a serious threat to human health and property. Saponin astragaloside IV (ASIV), extracted from Chinese herbal medicine astragalus, is effective in resolving multiple pathological issues including myocardial I/R injury. Recent studies have shown that autophagy is regulated by ROS and plays an important role in myocardial I/R injury. However, regulation of autophagy by ASIV during myocardial I/R injury and the role of specific ROS involved in the process have been rarely reported. In the present study, we found that SOD2 was downregulated and O2 ·- was upregulated in H2O2-induced H9C2 cardiac myocyte injury in vitro and myocardial I/R injury in vivo, while such alterations were reversed by ASIV. ASIV possessed the ability to alleviate myocardial I/R injury via attenuating I/R-caused autophagosome accumulation. Upregulate of O2 ·- by 2-methoxyestradiol (2-ME) reversed the effect of ASIV-mediated autophagy regulation, which suggested that O2 ·- was vital in this process. In conclusion, our results contribute to understanding the mechanism of ASIV-induced cardioprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yu Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yong-Wei Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ying-Ying Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jin-Sheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yang-Pei Peng
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kang-Ting Ji
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yang-Jing Xue
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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34
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The Pathways Underlying the Multiple Roles of p62 in Inflammation and Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070707. [PMID: 34206503 PMCID: PMC8301319 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
p62 is a highly conserved, multi-domain, and multi-functional adaptor protein critically involved in several important cellular processes. Via its pronounced domain architecture, p62 binds to numerous interaction partners, thereby influencing key pathways that regulate tissue homeostasis, inflammation, and several common diseases including cancer. Via binding of ubiquitin chains, p62 acts in an anti-inflammatory manner as an adaptor for the auto-, xeno-, and mitophagy-dependent degradation of proteins, pathogens, and mitochondria. Furthermore, p62 is a negative regulator of inflammasome complexes. The transcription factor Nrf2 regulates expression of a bundle of ROS detoxifying genes. p62 activates Nrf2 by interaction with and autophagosomal degradation of the Nrf2 inhibitor Keap1. Moreover, p62 activates mTOR, the central kinase of the mTORC1 sensor complex that controls cell proliferation and differentiation. Through different mechanisms, p62 acts as a positive regulator of the transcription factor NF-κB, a central player in inflammation and cancer development. Therefore, p62 represents not only a cargo receptor for autophagy, but also a central signaling hub, linking several important pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways. This review aims to summarize knowledge about the molecular mechanisms underlying the roles of p62 in health and disease. In particular, different types of tumors are characterized by deregulated levels of p62. The elucidation of how p62 contributes to inflammation and cancer progression at the molecular level might promote the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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35
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Wu X, Huang L, Liu J. Relationship between oxidative stress and nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 signaling in diabetic cardiomyopathy (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:678. [PMID: 33986843 PMCID: PMC8111863 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the leading cause of death worldwide, and oxidative stress was discovered to serve an important role in the pathophysiology of the condition. An imbalance between free radicals and antioxidant defenses is known to be associated with cellular dysfunction, leading to the development of various types of cardiac disease. Nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor that controls the basal and inducible expression levels of various antioxidant genes and other cytoprotective phase II detoxifying enzymes, which are ubiquitously expressed in the cardiac system. Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) serves as the main intracellular regulator of NRF2. Emerging evidence has revealed that NRF2 is a critical regulator of cardiac homeostasis via the suppression of oxidative stress. The activation of NRF2 was discovered to enhance specific endogenous antioxidant defense factors, one of which is antioxidant response element (ARE), which was subsequently illustrated to detoxify and counteract oxidative stress-associated DCM. The NRF2 signaling pathway is closely associated with the development of various types of cardiac disease, including ischemic heart disease, heart failure, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation and myocarditis. Therefore, it is hypothesized that drugs targeting this pathway may be developed to inhibit the activation of NRF2 signaling, thereby preventing the occurrence of DCM and effectively treating the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Leitao Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210031, P.R. China
| | - Jichun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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36
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Li Y, Burgman B, Khatri IS, Pentaparthi SR, Su Z, McGrail DJ, Li Y, Wu E, Eckhardt SG, Sahni N, Yi SS. e-MutPath: computational modeling reveals the functional landscape of genetic mutations rewiring interactome networks. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:e2. [PMID: 33211847 PMCID: PMC7797045 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the functional impact of cancer somatic mutations represents a critical knowledge gap for implementing precision oncology. It has been increasingly appreciated that the interaction profile mediated by a genomic mutation provides a fundamental link between genotype and phenotype. However, specific effects on biological signaling networks for the majority of mutations are largely unknown by experimental approaches. To resolve this challenge, we developed e-MutPath (edgetic Mutation-mediated Pathway perturbations), a network-based computational method to identify candidate ‘edgetic’ mutations that perturb functional pathways. e-MutPath identifies informative paths that could be used to distinguish disease risk factors from neutral elements and to stratify disease subtypes with clinical relevance. The predicted targets are enriched in cancer vulnerability genes, known drug targets but depleted for proteins associated with side effects, demonstrating the power of network-based strategies to investigate the functional impact and perturbation profiles of genomic mutations. Together, e-MutPath represents a robust computational tool to systematically assign functions to genetic mutations, especially in the context of their specific pathway perturbation effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Li
- Department of Oncology, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.,Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences (ICES), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Brandon Burgman
- Department of Oncology, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.,Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Programs (ILSGP), College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ishaani S Khatri
- Department of Oncology, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.,Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences (ICES), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Sairahul R Pentaparthi
- Department of Oncology, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Zhe Su
- Department of Oncology, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.,Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences (ICES), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Daniel J McGrail
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Science Park, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Erxi Wu
- Department of Oncology, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.,Neuroscience Institute and Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX 76502, USA.,Department of Surgery, Texas A & M University Health Science Center, College of Medicine, Temple, TX 76508, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas A & M University Health Science Center, College of Pharmacy, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - S Gail Eckhardt
- Department of Oncology, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.,Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Programs (ILSGP), College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Nidhi Sahni
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Science Park, Smithville, TX 78957, USA.,Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Program in Quantitative and Computational Biosciences (QCB), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - S Stephen Yi
- Department of Oncology, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.,Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences (ICES), The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.,Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Programs (ILSGP), College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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37
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Jayasuriya R, Ramkumar KM. Role of long non-coding RNAs on the regulation of Nrf2 in chronic diseases. Life Sci 2021; 270:119025. [PMID: 33450255 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Studies have identified dysregulated long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in several diseases at transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels. Although our mechanistic knowledge on the regulation of lncRNAs is still limited, one of the mechanisms of action attributed is binding and regulating transcription factors, thus controlling gene expression and protein function. One such transcription factor is nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which plays a critical biological role in maintaining cellular homeostasis at multiple levels in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. The levels of Nrf2 were found to be down-regulated in many chronic diseases, signifying that Nrf2 can be a key therapeutic target. Few lncRNAs like lncRNA ROR, ENSMUST00000125413, lncRNA ODRUL, Nrf2-lncRNA have been associated with the Nrf2 signaling pathway in response to various stimuli, including stress. This review discusses the regulation of Nrf2 in different responses and the potential role of specific lncRNA in modulating its transcriptional activities. This review further helps to enhance our knowledge on the regulatory role of the critical antioxidant transcription factor, Nrf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravichandran Jayasuriya
- SRM Research Institute and Department of Biotechnology, School of bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kunka Mohanram Ramkumar
- SRM Research Institute and Department of Biotechnology, School of bioengineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603 203, Tamil Nadu, India.
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38
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Osama A, Zhang J, Yao J, Yao X, Fang J. Nrf2: a dark horse in Alzheimer's disease treatment. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 64:101206. [PMID: 33144124 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), an age-dependent neurodegenerative disorder, is the main cause of dementia. Common hallmarks of AD include the amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) aggregation, high levels of hyperphosphorylated tau protein (p-tau) and failure in redox homeostasis. To date, all proposed drugs affecting Aβ and/or p-tau have been failed in clinical trials. A decline in the expression of the transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2-p45 derived factor 2) and its driven genes (NQO1, HO-1, and GCLC), and alteration of the Nrf2-related pathways have been observed in AD brains. Nrf2 plays a critical role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and regulating inflammation response. Nrf2 activation also provides cytoprotection against increasing pathologies including neurodegenerative diseases. These lines of evidence imply that Nrf2 activation may be a novel AD treatment option. Interestingly, recent studies have also demonstrated that Nrf2 interferes with several key pathogenic processes in AD including Aβ and p-tau pathways. The current review aims to provide insights into the role of Nrf2 in AD. Also, we discuss the progress and challenges regarding the Nrf2 activators for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alsiddig Osama
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Junmin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Juan Yao
- School of pharmacy, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaojun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China.
| | - Jianguo Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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39
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Gureev AP, Sadovnikova IS, Starkova NN, Starkov AA, Popov VN. p62-Nrf2-p62 Mitophagy Regulatory Loop as a Target for Preventive Therapy of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10110847. [PMID: 33198234 PMCID: PMC7696015 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Turnover of the mitochondrial pool due to coordinated processes of mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy is an important process in maintaining mitochondrial stability. An important role in this process is played by the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, which is involved in the regulation of the expression of genes responsible for oxidative stress protection, regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, and mitophagy. The p62 protein is a multifunctional cytoplasmic protein that functions as a selective mitophagy receptor for the degradation of ubiquitinated substrates. There is evidence that p62 can positively regulate Nrf2 by binding to its negative regulator, Keap1. However, there is also strong evidence that Nrf2 up-regulates p62 expression. Thereby, a regulatory loop is formed between two important signaling pathways, which may be an important target for drugs aimed at treating neurodegeneration. Constitutive activation of p62 in parallel with Nrf2 would most likely result in the activation of mTORC1-mediated signaling pathways that are associated with the development of malignant neoplasms. The purpose of this review is to describe the p62-Nrf2-p62 regulatory loop and to evaluate its role in the regulation of mitophagy under various physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem P. Gureev
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia; (I.S.S.); (V.N.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Irina S. Sadovnikova
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia; (I.S.S.); (V.N.P.)
| | | | - Anatoly A. Starkov
- Neuroscience Department, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Vasily N. Popov
- Department of Genetics, Cytology and Bioengineering, Voronezh State University, 394018 Voronezh, Russia; (I.S.S.); (V.N.P.)
- Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies, 394018 Voronezh, Russia
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40
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Molecular Mechanisms and Biological Functions of Autophagy for Genetics of Hearing Impairment. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11111331. [PMID: 33187328 PMCID: PMC7697636 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of hearing impairment following cochlear damage can be caused by many factors, including congenital or acquired onset, ototoxic drugs, noise exposure, and aging. Regardless of the many different etiologies, a common pathologic change is auditory cell death. It may be difficult to explain hearing impairment only from the aspect of cell death including apoptosis, necrosis, or necroptosis because the level of hearing loss varies widely. Therefore, we focused on autophagy as an intracellular phenomenon functionally competing with cell death. Autophagy is a dynamic lysosomal degradation and recycling system in the eukaryotic cell, mandatory for controlling the balance between cell survival and cell death induced by cellular stress, and maintaining homeostasis of postmitotic cells, including hair cells (HCs) and spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in the inner ear. Autophagy is considered a candidate for the auditory cell fate decision factor, whereas autophagy deficiency could be one of major causes of hearing impairment. In this paper, we review the molecular mechanisms and biologic functions of autophagy in the auditory system and discuss the latest research concerning autophagy-related genes and sensorineural hearing loss to gain insight into the role of autophagic mechanisms in inner-ear disorders.
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41
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Yuan H, Xu Y, Luo Y, Wang NX, Xiao JH. Role of Nrf2 in cell senescence regulation. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:247-259. [PMID: 32918185 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03901-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor known to be involved in maintaining cell redox balance and signal transduction and plays central role in reducing intracellular oxidative stress damage, delaying cell senescence and preventing age-related diseases. However, it has been shown that the level of Nrf2 decreases with age and that the silencing of the Nrf2 gene is associated with the induction of premature senescence. Therefore, a plethora of researchers have focused on elucidating the regulatory mechanism of Nrf2 in the prevention of cell senescence. This complex regulatory mechanism of Nrf2 in the cell senescence process involves coordinated regulation of multiple signaling molecules. After summarizing the function of Nrf2 and its relationship with cell senescence pathway, this review focuses on the recent advances and progress made in elucidating the regulatory mechanism of Nrf2 in the cell senescence process. Additionally, the information collected here may provide insights for further research on Nrf2, in particular, on its regulatory mechanism in the cell senescence process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yuan
- Zunyi Municiptal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- Zunyi Municiptal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, People's Republic of China.,Guizhou Provincial Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Luo
- Zunyi Municiptal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, People's Republic of China.,Guizhou Provincial Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, People's Republic of China
| | - Nuo-Xin Wang
- Zunyi Municiptal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, People's Republic of China.,Guizhou Provincial Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Hui Xiao
- Zunyi Municiptal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, People's Republic of China. .,Guizhou Provincial Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, People's Republic of China. .,Zunyi Municiptal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi, 563003, People's Republic of China.
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42
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Ornatowski W, Lu Q, Yegambaram M, Garcia AE, Zemskov EA, Maltepe E, Fineman JR, Wang T, Black SM. Complex interplay between autophagy and oxidative stress in the development of pulmonary disease. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101679. [PMID: 32818797 PMCID: PMC7451718 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The autophagic pathway involves the encapsulation of substrates in double-membraned vesicles, which are subsequently delivered to the lysosome for enzymatic degradation and recycling of metabolic precursors. Autophagy is a major cellular defense against oxidative stress, or related conditions that cause accumulation of damaged proteins or organelles. Selective forms of autophagy can maintain organelle populations or remove aggregated proteins. Dysregulation of redox homeostasis under pathological conditions results in excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress and the associated oxidative damage of cellular components. Accumulating evidence indicates that autophagy is necessary to maintain redox homeostasis. ROS activates autophagy, which facilitates cellular adaptation and diminishes oxidative damage by degrading and recycling intracellular damaged macromolecules and dysfunctional organelles. The cellular responses triggered by oxidative stress include the altered regulation of signaling pathways that culminate in the regulation of autophagy. Current research suggests a central role for autophagy as a mammalian oxidative stress response and its interrelationship to other stress defense systems. Altered autophagy phenotypes have been observed in lung diseases such as chronic obstructive lung disease, acute lung injury, cystic fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and pulmonary arterial hypertension, and asthma. Understanding the mechanisms by which ROS regulate autophagy will provide novel therapeutic targets for lung diseases. This review highlights our current understanding on the interplay between ROS and autophagy in the development of pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Ornatowski
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Alejandro E Garcia
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Evgeny A Zemskov
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Emin Maltepe
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Stephen M Black
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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13-Acetoxysarcocrassolide Exhibits Cytotoxic Activity Against Oral Cancer Cells Through the Interruption of the Keap1/Nrf2/p62/SQSTM1 Pathway: The Need to Move Beyond Classical Concepts. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18080382. [PMID: 32718084 PMCID: PMC7459766 DOI: 10.3390/md18080382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
13-Acetoxysarcocrassolide (13-AC), a marine cytotoxic product isolated from the alcyonacean coral Lobophytum crassum, exhibited potent antitumor and immunostimulant effects as reported in previous studies. However, the 13-AC antitumor mechanism of action against oral cancer cells remains unclear. The activity of 13-AC against Ca9-22 cancer cells was determined using MTT assay, flow cytometric analysis, immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, Western blotting, and siRNA. 13-AC induced apoptosis in oral cancer cells Ca9-22 through the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the stimulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. It increased the expression of apoptosis- and DNA damage-related proteins in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. It exerted potent antitumor effect against oral cancer cells, as demonstrated by the in vivo xenograft animal model. It significantly reduced the tumor volume (55.29%) and tumor weight (90.33%). The pretreatment of Ca9-22 cells with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibited ROS production resulting in the attenuation of the cytotoxic activity of 13-AC. The induction of the Keap1-Nrf2 pathway and the promotion of p62/SQSTM1 were observed in Ca9-22 cells treated with 13-AC. The knockdown of p62 expression by siRNA transfection significantly attenuated the effect of 13-AC on the inhibition of cell viability. Our results indicate that 13-AC exerted its cytotoxic activity through the promotion of ROS generation and the suppression of the antioxidant enzyme activity. The apoptotic effect of 13-AC was found to be mediated through the interruption of the Keap1/Nrf2/p62/SQSTM1 pathway, suggesting its potential future application as an anticancer agent.
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Emanuele S, Lauricella M, D’Anneo A, Carlisi D, De Blasio A, Di Liberto D, Giuliano M. p62: Friend or Foe? Evidences for OncoJanus and NeuroJanus Roles. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145029. [PMID: 32708719 PMCID: PMC7404084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
p62 is a versatile protein involved in the delicate balance between cell death and survival, which is fundamental for cell fate decision in the context of both cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. As an autophagy adaptor, p62 recognizes polyubiquitin chains and interacts with LC3, thereby targeting the selected cargo to the autophagosome with consequent autophagic degradation. Beside this function, p62 behaves as an interactive hub in multiple signalling including those mediated by Nrf2, NF-κB, caspase-8, and mTORC1. The protein is thus crucial for the control of oxidative stress, inflammation and cell survival, apoptosis, and metabolic reprogramming, respectively. As a multifunctional protein, p62 falls into the category of those factors that can exert opposite roles in the cells. Chronic p62 accumulation was found in many types of tumors as well as in stress granules present in different forms of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the protein seems to have a Janus behaviour since it may also serve protective functions against tumorigenesis or neurodegeneration. This review describes the diversified roles of p62 through its multiple domains and interactors and specifically focuses on its oncoJanus and neuroJanus roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Emanuele
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.L.); (D.C.); (D.D.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marianna Lauricella
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.L.); (D.C.); (D.D.L.)
| | - Antonella D’Anneo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.); (A.D.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Daniela Carlisi
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.L.); (D.C.); (D.D.L.)
| | - Anna De Blasio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.); (A.D.B.); (M.G.)
| | - Diana Di Liberto
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (M.L.); (D.C.); (D.D.L.)
| | - Michela Giuliano
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Laboratory of Biochemistry, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.D.); (A.D.B.); (M.G.)
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Zheng F, Gonçalves FM, Abiko Y, Li H, Kumagai Y, Aschner M. Redox toxicology of environmental chemicals causing oxidative stress. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101475. [PMID: 32336668 PMCID: PMC7327986 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Living organisms are surrounded with heavy metals such as methylmercury, manganese, cobalt, cadmium, arsenic, as well as pesticides such as deltamethrin and paraquat, or atmospheric pollutants such as quinone. Extensive studies have demonstrated a strong link between environmental pollutants and human health. Redox toxicity is proposed as one of the main mechanisms of chemical-induced pathology in humans. Acting as both a sensor of oxidative stress and a positive regulator of antioxidants, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) has attracted recent attention. However, the role NRF2 plays in environmental pollutant-induced toxicity has not been systematically addressed. Here, we characterize NRF2 function in response to various pollutants, such as metals, pesticides and atmospheric quinones. NRF2 related signaling pathways and epigenetic regulations are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuli Zheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Forchheimer 209, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, United States.
| | - Filipe Marques Gonçalves
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Forchheimer 209, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, United States
| | - Yumi Abiko
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Huangyuan Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350122, China.
| | - Yoshito Kumagai
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Forchheimer 209, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, United States.
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Li Y, Wu J, Yu S, Zhu J, Zhou Y, Wang P, Li L, Zhao Y. Sestrin2 promotes angiogenesis to alleviate brain injury by activating Nrf2 through regulating the interaction between p62 and Keap1 following photothrombotic stroke in rats. Brain Res 2020; 1745:146948. [PMID: 32526292 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The lack of effective treatments for ischemic stroke is concerning. Here, we aimed to examine the protective effects of sestrin2 in ischemic stroke and determine the mechanism by which sestrin2 attenuates cerebral injuries. MAIN METHODS Ischemic stroke was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats using a photothrombotic ischemia (PTI) model. After sestrin2 was overexpressed or silenced, neurological deficits and brain infarction were evaluated. Cerebral angiogenesis and the expression of related proteins were examined by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. The interaction between p62 and Keap1 was measured by coimmunoprecipitation (CoIP) and an in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA). KEY FINDINGS The overexpression of sestrin2 was found to improve the neurological function of rats 10 days after PTI and to reduce the infarct volume and brain edema in rats 10 days after PTI. It was shown that upregulating sestrin2 enhanced the relative immunofluorescence intensity of CD34, CD31 and DCX. Sestrin2 overexpressionalso increased the number and total length of CD34 and CD31 positive vessels and the expression of nuclear and total Nrf2, HO-1, VEGF and p62. However, downregulating sestrin2 induced almost the opposite results. Furthermore, we demonstrated that sestrin2 increased the interaction between p62 and Keap1. SIGNIFICANCE Based on our data, sestrin2 may promote angiogenesis by activating the Nrf2 pathway through increasing the interaction between p62 and Keap1 via upregulating p62 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Li
- Department of Pathology Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road 1, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Jingxian Wu
- Department of Pathology Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road 1, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- Department of Pathology Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road 1, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Department of Pathology Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road 1, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Pathology Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road 1, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Pathology Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road 1, 400016 Chongqing, China
| | - Lingyu Li
- Department of Pathology Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road 1, 400016 Chongqing, China.
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Pathology Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road 1, 400016 Chongqing, China.
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Molecular mechanisms and systemic targeting of NRF2 dysregulation in cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:114002. [PMID: 32360363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a master regulator of redox homeostasis and provides cellular protection against oxidants and electrophiles by inducing the expression of a wide array of phase II cytoprotective genes. Until now, a number of NRF2 activators have been developed for treatment of chronic diseases and some are under evaluation in the clinical studies. On the other hand, accumulating evidence indicates that NRF2 confers chemoresistance and radioresistance, and its expression is correlated with poor prognosis in cancer patients. Studies in the last decade demonstrate that diverse mechanisms such as somatic mutations, accumulation of KEAP1 binding proteins, transcriptional dysregulation, oncogene activation, and accumulation of reactive metabolites contribute to NRF2 activation in cancer. In the present review, we illustrate the molecular mechanisms governing the function of NRF2 and explain how they are hijacked in cancer. We also provide some examples of NRF2 inhibitors together with a brief explanation of their mechanisms of action.
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Zhang Y, Shi Z, Zhou Y, Xiao Q, Wang H, Peng Y. Emerging Substrate Proteins of Kelch-like ECH Associated Protein 1 (Keap1) and Potential Challenges for the Development of Small-Molecule Inhibitors of the Keap1-Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 (Nrf2) Protein–Protein Interaction. J Med Chem 2020; 63:7986-8002. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1, Xiannongtan Street, Xicheng
District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zeyu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1, Xiannongtan Street, Xicheng
District, Beijing 100050, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yujun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1, Xiannongtan Street, Xicheng
District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qiong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1, Xiannongtan Street, Xicheng
District, Beijing 100050, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hongyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1, Xiannongtan Street, Xicheng
District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ying Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1, Xiannongtan Street, Xicheng
District, Beijing 100050, China
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Hwang SK, Jeong YJ, Chang YC. PDCD4 inhibits lung tumorigenesis by the suppressing p62-Nrf2 signaling pathway and upregulating Keap1 expression. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:424-439. [PMID: 32195018 PMCID: PMC7061761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4) suppresses tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and invasion by inhibiting transcription and translation of oncogenes. However, the role of PDCD4 in lung tumorigenesis is unclear. Sequestosome1/p62 mediates cell proliferation, survival, and death through multiple signaling pathways, including autophagy and cell metabolism. p62/SQSTM1 is transcriptional target of Nrf2 and an important regulator of tumor growth. The aim of this study was to clarify whether and how PDCD4 regulates the p62-Nrf2 pathway, and how this regulation relates to tumorigenesis in human lung cancer cells. We established two stable human lung cancer cell lines, A549 and H460 that each overexpressed PDCD4. We found that PDCD4 overexpression decreased p62 expression levels and inhibited cell proliferation, and also increased the expression levels of cleaved PARP and cleaved caspase 3. Knockdown of p62 markedly increased the apoptotic rate of A549 and H460 cells overexpressing PDCD4. Furthermore levels of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related markers Slug, Snail, Twist1 and Vimentin were decreased and expression level of E-cadherin was increased in PDCD4-overexpressing cells. We also found that PDCD4 suppressed transcriptional activation of Nrf2 (an upstream regulator of p62) and increased endogenous levels of Keap1 (a negative regulator of Nrf2). Upregulation of Keap1 induced apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation by suppressing activity of the p62-Nrf2 pathway in PDCD4-overexpressing cells. As anticipated, results from a mouse xenograft model showed that PDCD4 overexpression in xenografts inhibited cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Taken together, our results demonstrate that PDCD4 overexpression, which increased Keap1 expression, reduces the levels and activity of the p62-Nrf2 pathway, thereby inhibiting tumorigenesis. Our findings suggest that PDCD4 may be a potential target for lung cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon-Kyung Hwang
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Cell Biology, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine Daegu 705-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jeong Jeong
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Cell Biology, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine Daegu 705-718, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Chae Chang
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Cell Biology, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine Daegu 705-718, Republic of Korea
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Zheng D, Liu Z, Zhou Y, Hou N, Yan W, Qin Y, Ye Q, Cheng X, Xiao Q, Bao Y, Luo J, Wu X. Urolithin B, a gut microbiota metabolite, protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via p62/Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. Pharmacol Res 2020; 153:104655. [PMID: 31996327 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (IR) induces additional damage during the restoration of blood flow to ischemic myocardium. Urolithin B (UB) is one of the gut metabolites of ellagitannins, a class of antioxidant polyphenols, which was found to be protective against oxidative stress in multiple organs. However, the role of UB in cardiovascular disease remains elusive. Adult Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to left anterior descending artery ligation for 30 min followed by 120 min of reperfusion, with or without UB treatment. In vitro, the H9c2 cardiomyocytes were subjected to hypoxia (94 %N2/5 %CO2/1 %O2) for 3 h, followed by reoxygenation (74 %N2/5 %CO2/21 %O2) for 3 h (HR). UB was found to decrease myocardial infarct size and attenuate the cardiac dysfunction in the rats after IR, and protect against HR injury in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Mechanistically, UB inhibited autophagy by activating Akt/mTOR/ULK1 pathway and protected against oxidative stress and caspase 3-dependent cell apoptosis. In particular, UB induced accumulation of p62 and its interaction with Keap1, which promoted Nrf2 nuclear translocation during HR insult. Of note, the protection of UB against superoxide production and apoptotic cell death was compromised with Nrf2 gene silencing. Taken together, our findings suggested that UB protected against myocardial IR injury at least partially via the p62/Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway, which highlights the potential of UB as a novel therapy for ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, PR China
| | - Zumei Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Central Laboratories, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, PR China
| | - You Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, PR China
| | - Ning Hou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, PR China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Yuan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, PR China
| | - Qianfang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, PR China
| | - XinYi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, PR China
| | - Qing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, PR China
| | - Yonglin Bao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, PR China
| | - Jiandong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, PR China; Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, PR China.
| | - Xiaoqian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511436, PR China; Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510260, PR China.
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