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Soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor I is a promising early indicator of complicated clinical outcome in patients following severe trauma. Cent Eur J Immunol 2020; 44:423-432. [PMID: 32140055 PMCID: PMC7050055 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2019.92804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic mortality rates are still very high and show an increasing tendency. Early identification of patients at high risk of severe complications has a significant impact on treatment outcomes. The aim of the study was to better understand the early pathological inflammatory response to injury and infection, and to determine the usefulness of the assessment of TNF-α and sTNFR1 concentrations in the peripheral blood as early indicators of severe post-traumatic complications. The study was carried out in a group of 51 patients after trauma, treated in the ED, including 32 patients who met the inclusion criteria for immunological analysis. Patients were divided into two groups using the ISS scale (A ISS ≥ 20, B ISS < 20). The highest TNF-α and sTNFR1 concentrations in both groups were recorded at admission and were significantly higher in group A compared to group B (A vs. B TNF-α 2.46 pg/ml vs. 1.78 pg/ml; sTNFR1 1667.5 pg/ml vs. 875.2 p < 0.005). The concentration of sTNFR1 in patients with severe complications was significantly higher compared to patients without complications and preceded clinical symptoms of complications (C+ vs. C– 1561.5 pg/ml vs. 930.6 pg/ml, p < 0,005). The high diagnostic sensitivity calculated from the ROC curves was found for the concentrations of both cytokines: TNF-α (AUC = 0.91, p = 0.004) and sTNFR1 (AUC = 0.86, p = 0.011). Elevated levels of sTNFR1, determined in the peripheral blood shortly after injury, are significantly associated with the occurrence of later complications, which in some patients lead to death. In contrast, high levels of TNF-α shortly after injury are associated with mortality.
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Liu C, Tang J. Expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and the corresponding receptors are correlated with trauma severity. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:2747-2751. [PMID: 25364459 PMCID: PMC4214438 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and the expression levels of TNF receptors (TNFRs) in patients with multiple trauma, together with the association between the levels of this cytokine and these cytokine receptors with the severity of traumatic injury. Blood samples were obtained from 60 multiple trauma patients at hospital admission (within 2 h of injury), and 6–8 h and 1–5 days after admission. The plasma levels of TNF-α and TNFR1/TNFR2 were detected using enzyme immunoassay. TNFR1 and TNFR2 expression levels on leukocytes, including neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes, were determined by flow cytometry. Clinical parameters were determined by injury severity score (ISS). At hospital admission, the plasma TNF-α and soluble TNFR levels in the trauma patients were elevated compared with those of healthy controls. Increased expression levels of TNFR1 and TNFR2 were also detected on leukocytes, particularly on lymphocytes and monocytes. The expression levels of the cytokine and the corresponding receptors were correlated with the ISS. TNF-α and TNFR expression levels remained significantly elevated for up to the third to fifth day following the traumatic injury. In the trauma patients, increased levels of TNF-α and TNFRs were correlated with the severity of traumatic injury in the early post-injury period, supporting the hypothesis that trauma-provoked organ dysfunction may be caused by an overwhelming auto-destructive inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200540, P.R. China
| | - Jianwei Tang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200540, P.R. China
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3
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Iocca HA, Isom HC. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha acts as a complete mitogen for primary rat hepatocytes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2003; 163:465-76. [PMID: 12875968 PMCID: PMC1868193 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63676-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha has previously been shown to prime hepatocytes to a state of replicative competence, but has not been shown to act as a complete mitogen for these cells. In the present study we have altered our previously described long-term dimethyl sulfoxide culture system to exclude all known hepatocyte mitogens from the culture media and enable us to directly examine the effects of TNF-alpha on primary rat hepatocytes. We have shown that cells maintained under these culture conditions retain the biochemical and morphological features of well-differentiated hepatocytes. Treatment with TNF-alpha induced DNA synthesis relative to control, to a level not significantly different from that induced by the known hepatocyte mitogen, epidermal growth factor (EGF). Maximal DNA synthesis was induced by treatment with 250 U/ml TNF-alpha for 24 hours. Mitotic figures were observed in cultures treated with TNF-alpha or EGF but not in untreated controls. Treatment of cultures with TNF-alpha, but not EGF, induced activation of both nuclear factor-kappaB p50 homodimers and p50/p65 heterodimers. DNA synthesis induced by TNF-alpha was inhibited by treatment with transforming growth factor-beta. Based on the results of our studies, we conclude that TNF-alpha acts as a complete mitogen for rat hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Iocca
- Department of Microbiology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, The Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033, USA
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4
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Pan S, An P, Zhang R, He X, Yin G, Min W. Etk/Bmx as a tumor necrosis factor receptor type 2-specific kinase: role in endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis. Mol Cell Biol 2002; 22:7512-23. [PMID: 12370298 PMCID: PMC135657 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.22.21.7512-7523.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a cytokine that mediates many pathophysiologial processes, including angiogenesis. However, the molecular signaling involved in TNF-induced angiogenesis has not been determined. In this study, we examined the role of Etk/Bmx, an endothelial/epithelial tyrosine kinase involved in cell adhesion, migration, and survival in TNF-induced angiogenesis. We show that TNF activates Etk specifically through TNF receptor type 2 (TNFR2) as demonstrated by studies using a specific agonist to TNFR2 and TNFR2-deficient cells. Etk forms a preexisting complex with TNFR2 in a ligand-independent manner, and the association is through multiple domains (pleckstrin homology domain, TEC homology domain, and SH2 domain) of Etk and the C-terminal domain of TNFR2. The C-terminal 16-amino-acid residues of TNFR2 are critical for Etk association and activation, and this Etk-binding and activating motif in TNFR2 is not overlapped with the TNFR-associated factor type 2 (TRAF2)-binding sequence. Thus, TRAF2 is not involved in TNF-induced Etk activation, suggesting a novel mechanism for Etk activation by cytokine receptors. Moreover, a constitutively active form of Etk enhanced, whereas a dominant-negative Etk blocked, TNF-induced endothelial cell migration and tube formation. While most TNF actions have been attributed to TNFR1, our studies demonstrate that Etk is a TNFR2-specific kinase involved in TNF-induced angiogenic events.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Motifs
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Blotting, Western
- Cattle
- Cell Movement
- Cells, Cultured
- Collagen/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Humans
- Immunoblotting
- JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
- Ligands
- MAP Kinase Kinase 4
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/metabolism
- Models, Biological
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Plasmids/metabolism
- Precipitin Tests
- Protein Binding
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor/metabolism
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type II
- Time Factors
- Transfection
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Umbilical Veins/cytology
- Wound Healing
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Pan
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
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5
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Induction of postnatal schwann cell death by the low-affinity neurotrophin receptor in vitro and after axotomy. J Neurosci 2000. [PMID: 10908614 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.20-15-05741.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells express the low-affinity neurotrophin receptor (p75), but no role for either the neurotrophins or their cognate receptors in Schwann cell development has been established. We have found that Schwann cells isolated from postnatal day 1 (P1) or P2 mice that were p75-deficient exhibited potentiated survival compared to wild-type cells after growth factor and serum withdrawal. There was, however, no disparity in the survival of p75-deficient and wild-type Schwann cells isolated at embryonic day 15, suggesting that the death-inducing effects of p75 are developmentally regulated. A comparable degree of cell death was also observed in the sciatic nerves of both wild-type and p75-deficient mice at P1. However, 24 hr after axotomy, there was a 13-fold increase in the percentage of apoptotic nuclei in the distal nerve stumps of the transected sciatic nerves of neonatal wild-type but not p75-deficient mice. The expression of both the p75 and nerve growth factor (NGF) genes was upregulated after axotomy in neonatal wild-type nerves. Collectively, these results suggest that NGF-mediated activation of p75 is likely to be an important mediator of Schwann cell apoptosis in the context of peripheral nerve injury.
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6
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Li M, Beg AA. Induction of necrotic-like cell death by tumor necrosis factor alpha and caspase inhibitors: novel mechanism for killing virus-infected cells. J Virol 2000; 74:7470-7. [PMID: 10906200 PMCID: PMC112267 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.74.16.7470-7477.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2000] [Accepted: 05/12/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of apoptotic cell death generally requires the participation of cysteine proteases belonging to the caspase family. However, and similar to most cell types, mouse fibroblasts are normally resistant to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced apoptosis. Surprisingly, TNF-alpha treatment of vaccinia virus-infected mouse fibroblasts resulted in necrotic-like cell death, which was significantly reduced in cells infected with a vaccinia virus mutant lacking the caspase inhibitor B13R. Furthermore, TNF-alpha also induced necrotic-like cell death of fibroblasts in the presence of peptidyl caspase inhibitors. In both cases, necrosis was accompanied by generation of superoxide species. Caspase inhibitors also sensitized fibroblasts to killing by double-stranded RNA and gamma interferon. In all cases, cell death was efficiently blocked by antioxidants or mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitors. These results define a new mitochondrion-dependent mechanism which may be important in the killing of cells infected with viruses encoding caspase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
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7
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Silveira PA, Baxter AG, Cain WE, van Driel IR. A Major Linkage Region on Distal Chromosome 4 Confers Susceptibility to Mouse Autoimmune Gastritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.9.5106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Although much is known about the pathology of human chronic atrophic (type A, autoimmune) gastritis, its cause is poorly understood. Mouse experimental autoimmune gastritis (EAG) is a CD4+ T cell-mediated organ-specific autoimmune disease of the stomach that is induced by neonatal thymectomy of BALB/c mice. It has many features similar to human autoimmune gastritis. To obtain a greater understanding of the genetic components predisposing to autoimmune gastritis, a linkage analysis study was performed on (BALB/cCrSlc × C57BL/6)F2 intercross mice using 126 microsatellite markers covering 95% of the autosomal genome. Two regions with linkage to EAG were identified on distal chromosome 4 and were designated Gasa1 and Gasa2. The Gasa1 gene maps within the same chromosomal segment as the type 1 diabetes and systemic lupus erythematosus susceptibility genes Idd11 and Nba1, respectively. Gasa2 is the more telomeric of the two genes and was mapped within the same chromosomal segment as the type 1 diabetes susceptibility gene Idd9. In addition, there was evidence of quantitative trait locus controlling autoantibody titer within the telomeric segment of chromosome 4. The clustering of genes conferring susceptibility to EAG with those conferring susceptibility to type 1 diabetes is consistent with the coinheritance of gastritis and diabetes within human families. This is the first linkage analysis study of autoimmune gastritis in any organism and as such makes an important and novel contribution to our understanding of the etiology of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A. Silveira
- *Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Newtown, Australia; and
| | - Alan G. Baxter
- *Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Newtown, Australia; and
| | - Wendy E. Cain
- †Department of Pathology and Immunology, Monash University Medical School, Prahran, Australia
| | - Ian R. van Driel
- †Department of Pathology and Immunology, Monash University Medical School, Prahran, Australia
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8
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Zhuang L, Wang B, Shinder GA, Shivji GM, Mak TW, Sauder DN. TNF Receptor p55 Plays a Pivotal Role in Murine Keratinocyte Apoptosis Induced by Ultraviolet B Irradiation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.3.1440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Excess exposure of skin to ultraviolet B (UVB) results in the appearance of so-called sunburn cells. Although it has been demonstrated that sunburn cells represent apoptotic keratinocytes, the molecular mechanisms for UVB-induced apoptosis in keratinocytes have not been fully elucidated. The cytokine, TNF-α, has been shown to induce apoptosis in a variety of cell types. Since UVB induces keratinocytes to release TNF-α, we hypothesized that TNF-α is involved in UVB-induced apoptosis in keratinocytes. In order to confirm this hypothesis and to further delineate which type of TNF receptor signaling mediates the apoptosis pathway, we performed both in vivo and in vitro experiments using gene-targeted knockout mice lacking either the TNF p55 receptor or the TNF p75 receptor. In the in vivo study, wild-type and mutant mice were exposed to UVB, and apoptotic keratinocytes were detected by examining DNA fragmentation using in situ nick-end labeling. For the in vitro experiments, keratinocytes derived from the wild-type and mutant mice were irradiated with UVB, and the degree of apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry, nick-end labeling of DNA, and a DNA ladder assay. Both in vivo and in vitro studies demonstrated that the deletion of TNF receptor p55 could suppress UVB-induced apoptosis in keratinocytes. Our observations support the notion that TNF-α is involved in UVB-induced keratinocyte apoptosis, and demonstrate that p55 receptor signaling plays a pivotal role in this event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zhuang
- *Division of Dermatology, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, and
| | - Binghe Wang
- *Division of Dermatology, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre, and
| | | | | | - Tak W. Mak
- †Amgen Institute, Department of Medical Biophysics and Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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9
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Melanitou E, Joly F, Lathrop M, Boitard C, Avner P. Evidence for the presence of insulin-dependent diabetes-associated alleles on the distal part of mouse chromosome 6. Genome Res 1998; 8:608-20. [PMID: 9647636 PMCID: PMC310738 DOI: 10.1101/gr.8.6.608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/1997] [Accepted: 04/13/1998] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (IDDM) is a complex disorder with multifactorial and polygenic etiology. A genome-wide screen performed in a BC1 cohort of a cross between the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse with the diabetes-resistant feral strain PWK detected a major locus contributing to diabetes development on the distal part of chromosome 6. Unlike the majority of other Idd loci identified in intraspecific crosses, susceptibility is associated with the presence of the PWK allele. Genetic linkage analysis of congenic lines segregating PWK chromosome 6 segments in a NOD background confirmed the presence of the Idd locus within this region. The genetic interval defined by analysis of congenic animals showed a peak of significant linkage (P = 0.0005) centered on an approximately 9-cM region lying between D6Mit11 and D6Mit25 genetic markers within distal mouse chromosome 6. [Genetic markers polymorphic between the NOD and PWK strains are available as a supplement at http://www.genome.org]
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Affiliation(s)
- E Melanitou
- Unité de Génétique Moléculaire Murine, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France.
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10
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Mizuta R, LaSalle JM, Cheng HL, Shinohara A, Ogawa H, Copeland N, Jenkins NA, Lalande M, Alt FW. RAB22 and RAB163/mouse BRCA2: proteins that specifically interact with the RAD51 protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:6927-32. [PMID: 9192668 PMCID: PMC21261 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.13.6927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The human RAD51 protein is a homologue of the bacteria RecA and yeast RAD51 proteins that are involved in homologous recombination and DNA repair. RAD51 interacts with proteins involved in recombination and also with tumor suppressor proteins p53 and breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1). We have used the yeast two-hybrid system to clone murine cDNA sequences that encode two RAD51-associated molecules, RAB22 and RAB163. RAB163 encodes the C-terminal portion of mouse BRCA2, the homologue of the second breast cancer susceptibility gene protein in humans, demonstrating an in vitro association between RAD51 and BRCA2. RAB22 is a novel gene product that also interacts with RAD51 in vitro. To detect RAD51 interactions in vivo, we developed a transient nuclear focus assay that was used to demonstrate a complete colocalization of RAB22 with RAD51 in large nuclear foci.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mizuta
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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11
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Shu HB, Takeuchi M, Goeddel DV. The tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 signal transducers TRAF2 and c-IAP1 are components of the tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 signaling complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93:13973-8. [PMID: 8943045 PMCID: PMC19479 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.24.13973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The two cell surface receptors for tumor necrosis factor (TNF) interact with a number of intracellular signal transducing proteins. The association of TRADD, a 34-kDa cytoplasmic protein containing a C-terminal death domain, with aggregated TNF receptor 1 (TNF-R1) through their respective death domains leads to NF-kappa B activation and programmed cell death. In contrast, TNF receptor 2 (TNF-R2) interacts with the TNF receptor associated factors 2/1 (TRAF2/TRAF1) heterocomplex, which mediates the recruitment of two cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (c-IAP1 and c-IAP2) to TNF-R2. Here we show that the TNF-R2 signal transducers TRAF2 and c-IAP1 are a part of the TNF-R1 signaling complex. The recruitment of TRAF2 and c-IAP1 to TNF-R1 is TNF-dependent, is mediated by TRADD, and is independent of TNF-R2. These data establish the physiological involvement of TRAF2 and c-IAP1 in TNF-R1 signaling and help provide a molecular explanation for both the overlapping and distinct signals generated by the two TNF receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Shu
- Tularik, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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12
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Sheehan KC, Pinckard JK, Arthur CD, Dehner LP, Goeddel DV, Schreiber RD. Monoclonal antibodies specific for murine p55 and p75 tumor necrosis factor receptors: identification of a novel in vivo role for p75. J Exp Med 1995; 181:607-17. [PMID: 7836916 PMCID: PMC2191879 DOI: 10.1084/jem.181.2.607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for the murine p55 and p75 tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors were produced after immunization of Armenian hamsters with the purified soluble extracellular domains of each receptor protein. Four p55- (55R) and five p75 (TR75)-reactive mAbs immunoprecipitated the appropriate receptor from the surface of L929 cells. None of the mAbs cross-reacted with the other TNF receptor form. The mAbs were functionally characterized by their ability to inhibit ligand binding and influence TNF-dependent L cell cytolytic activity or proliferation of the murine cytolytic T cell clone CT6. One p55-specific mAb, 55R-593, displayed agonist activity, while two other p55-specific mAbs (55R-170 and -176) were found to be TNF antagonists. The fourth mAb (55R-286) had no functional effects on cells. Several antibodies specific for the p75 TNF receptor partially inhibited recombinant murine TNF-alpha-dependent cytolytic activity (60%). Blocking mAbs specific for p75 but not anti-p55 inhibited TNF-mediated proliferation of CT6 T cells. When used in vivo, p55- but not p75-specific mAbs protected mice from lethal endotoxin shock and blocked development of a protective response against Listeria monocytogenes infection. In contrast, both p55 and p75 mAbs individually blocked development of skin necrosis in mice treated with murine TNF-alpha. These data thus demonstrate the utility of the two families of murine TNF receptor-specific mAbs and identify a novel function of the p75 TNF receptor in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Sheehan
- Center for Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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13
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Mock BA, Krall MM, Dosik JK. Genetic mapping of tumor susceptibility genes involved in mouse plasmacytomagenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993; 90:9499-503. [PMID: 8105477 PMCID: PMC47596 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.20.9499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmacytomas (PCTs) were induced in 47% of BALB/cAnPt mice by the intraperitoneal injection of pristane, in 2% of (BALB/c x DBA/2N)F1, and in 11% of 773 BALB/cAnPt x (BALB/cAnPt x DBA/2N)F1 N2 backcross mice. This result indicates a multigenic mode of inheritance for PCT susceptibility. To locate genes controlling this complex genetic trait, tumor susceptibility in backcross progeny generated from BALB/c and DBA/2N (resistant) mice was correlated with alleles of 83 marker loci. The genotypes of the PCT-susceptible progeny displayed an excess homozygosity for BALB/c alleles within a 32-centimorgan stretch of mouse chromosome 4 (> 95% probability of linkage) with minimal recombination (12%) near Gt10. Another susceptibility gene on mouse chromosome 1 may be linked to Fcgr2 (90% probability of linkage); there were excess heterozygotes for Fcgr2 among the susceptible progeny and excess homozygotes among the resistant progeny. Regions of mouse chromosomes 4 and 1 that are correlated with PCT susceptibility share extensive linkage homology with regions of human chromosome 1 that have been associated with cytogenetic abnormalities in multiple myeloma and lymphoid, breast, and endocrine tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Mock
- Laboratory of Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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14
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Hoeck WG, Ramesha CS, Chang DJ, Fan N, Heller RA. Cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 activity and gene expression are stimulated by tumor necrosis factor: dexamethasone blocks the induced synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993; 90:4475-9. [PMID: 8506288 PMCID: PMC46534 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.10.4475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) with its two membrane-bound receptors initiates intracellular events in which arachidonic acid and its derivatives are involved. In HeLa cells, TNF treatment induces an arachidonic acid-selective, Ca(2+)-dependent cellular phospholipase A2 (cPLA2). By itself, TNF causes a modest increase in cPLA2 activity, but with the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 it provides a strong synergistic action. Within minutes in response to TNF, cPLA2 becomes phosphorylated and in the presence of Ca2+ produces a 3- to 4-fold increase in activity. TNF also increases cPLA2 mRNA and protein expression, an estimated 5-fold increase in an 8-hr period. This increase in cPLA2 activity occurs, therefore, in a biphasic time-dependent manner. Dexamethasone, known to antagonize the action of TNF, is here shown to inhibit TNF-induced gene expression and to prevent the second phase of increase in cPLA2 activation. Our results suggest that the cPLA2 activation may provide a regulatory function and may explain the proinflammatory action of TNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- W G Hoeck
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Syntex Research, Palo Alto, CA 94304
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15
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Vandenabeele P, Declercq W, Vercammen D, Van de Craen M, Grooten J, Loetscher H, Brockhaus M, Lesslauer W, Fiers W. Functional characterization of the human tumor necrosis factor receptor p75 in a transfected rat/mouse T cell hybridoma. J Exp Med 1992; 176:1015-24. [PMID: 1328463 PMCID: PMC2119388 DOI: 10.1084/jem.176.4.1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the biological role of the human tumor necrosis factor p75 (hTNF-R75), making use of the species specificity of TNF responses in murine (m) T cell lines. Several TNF-mediated activities on mouse T cells, such as cytokine induction or proliferation, showed a 100-500-fold difference in specific biological activity between mTNF and hTNF. After transfection of hTNF-R75 cDNA in a rat/mouse T cell hybridoma (PC60), however, the 100-fold lower specific biological activity of hTNF was converted to the same specific biological activity as mTNF. The TNF-mediated induction of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor was strongly synergized by the addition of interleukin 1. In the presence of the latter cytokine, ligand-competing monoclonal antibodies against hTNF-R75 (utr-1, utr-2, utr-3) were agonistic on transfected PC60 cells. This agonistic activity was further enhanced by crosslinking with sheep anti-murine immunoglobulin antibodies. These data provide direct evidence for a functional role of TNF-R75, without ligand-dependent TNF-R55 involvement, in the induction of cytokine secretion in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Vandenabeele
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Rijksuniversiteit Gent, Belgium
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16
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Witsell AL, Schook LB. Tumor necrosis factor alpha is an autocrine growth regulator during macrophage differentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992; 89:4754-8. [PMID: 1374912 PMCID: PMC49162 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.89.10.4754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous experiments have revealed the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) transcripts in all murine bone marrow-derived macrophage colonies isolated from days 5 through 9 of differentiation in vitro. These results implicated a role for TNF-alpha gene expression during macrophage differentiation. Antisense oligomers to the initiation region of the TNF-alpha message were used to inhibit its expression, thus allowing the role of TNF-alpha gene expression in controlling the differentiation of macrophages to be determined. Results showed that TNF-alpha regulated the proliferation of macrophages during differentiation. Cells isolated on day 3 were exclusively vulnerable to the effects of blocking TNF-alpha gene expression, displaying a 30% increase in proliferation over control cells or sense oligomer-treated cells. Thus, in the absence of TNF-alpha gene expression, cells maintained proliferation instead of undergoing terminal differentiation. Exogenous TNF-alpha was capable of rescuing day 3 antisense-treated cells, therefore maintaining normal levels of proliferation. In contrast, blocking interleukin 1 beta gene expression by antisense oligonucleotide treatment had no effect on proliferation. Addition of exogenous recombinant murine or human TNF-alpha decreased the total cell number 25-50% regardless of whether cells were grown in medium containing colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). These results suggested that exogenous TNF-alpha suppressed proliferation of early hematopoietic progenitors, whereas endogenous TNF-alpha regulated proliferation of macrophage progenitors. The number of differentiated, adherent macrophages on day 5 of differentiation in vitro was increased by TNF-alpha treatment of GM-CSF-induced macrophages but was suppressed in CSF-1-induced macrophages. These findings suggest that distinct TNF receptor expression and/or signaling is induced in differentiating macrophages stimulated with either growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Witsell
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
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17
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Abbott CM, Blank R, Eppig JT, Friedman JM, Huppi KE, Jackson I, Mock BA, Stoye J, Wiseman R. Mouse chromosome 4. Mamm Genome 1992; 3 Spec No:S55-64. [PMID: 1498443 DOI: 10.1007/bf00648422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C M Abbott
- Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, UCL, London, UK
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Elliott
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263
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19
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Matthijs G, Marynen P. A deletion polymorphism in the human alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2M) gene. Nucleic Acids Res 1991; 19:5102. [PMID: 1717945 PMCID: PMC328855 DOI: 10.1093/nar/19.18.5102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G Matthijs
- Center for Human Genetics, University of Leuven, Belgium
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