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Tarr GAM, Chui L, Stanford K, Bumunang EW, Zaheer R, Li V, Freedman SB, Laing CR, McAllister TA. Persistent cross-species transmission systems dominate Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H7 epidemiology in a high incidence region: A genomic epidemiology study. eLife 2025; 13:RP97643. [PMID: 39878305 PMCID: PMC11778926 DOI: 10.7554/elife.97643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2025] Open
Abstract
Several areas of the world suffer a notably high incidence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. To assess the impact of persistent cross-species transmission systems on the epidemiology of E. coli O157:H7 in Alberta, Canada, we sequenced and assembled E. coli O157:H7 isolates originating from collocated cattle and human populations, 2007-2015. We constructed a timed phylogeny using BEAST2 using a structured coalescent model. We then extended the tree with human isolates through 2019 to assess the long-term disease impact of locally persistent lineages. During 2007-2015, we estimated that 88.5% of human lineages arose from cattle lineages. We identified 11 persistent lineages local to Alberta, which were associated with 38.0% (95% CI 29.3%, 47.3%) of human isolates. During the later period, six locally persistent lineages continued to be associated with human illness, including 74.7% (95% CI 68.3%, 80.3%) of reported cases in 2018 and 2019. Our study identified multiple locally evolving lineages transmitted between cattle and humans persistently associated with E. coli O157:H7 illnesses for up to 13 y. Locally persistent lineages may be a principal cause of the high incidence of E. coli O157:H7 in locations such as Alberta and provide opportunities for focused control efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian AM Tarr
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of MinnesotaMinneapolisUnited States
| | - Linda Chui
- Alberta Precision Laboratories, Alberta Public Health, Walter Mackenzie Health Sciences CentreEdmontonCanada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of AlbertaEdmontonCanada
| | - Kim Stanford
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of LethbridgeLethbridgeCanada
| | | | - Rahat Zaheer
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development CentreLethbridgeCanada
| | - Vincent Li
- Alberta Precision Laboratories, Alberta Public Health, Walter Mackenzie Health Sciences CentreEdmontonCanada
| | - Stephen B Freedman
- Sections of Pediatric Emergency Medicine and Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, Alberta Children’s Hospital and Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of CalgaryCalgaryCanada
| | - Chad R Laing
- National Center for Animal Diseases Lethbridge Laboratory, Canadian Food Inspection AgencyLethbridge CountyCanada
| | - Tim A McAllister
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development CentreLethbridgeCanada
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Ramírez H, Vilte DA, Hozbor D, Zurita E, Bottero D, Casabonne MC, Cataldi ÁA, Wigdorovitz A, Larzábal M. A Novel Vaccine for Bovine Diarrhea Complex Utilizing Recombinant Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella Expressing Surface-Displayed Chimeric Antigens from Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7. Vaccines (Basel) 2025; 13:124. [PMID: 40006671 PMCID: PMC11860786 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines13020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2024] [Revised: 01/14/2025] [Accepted: 01/20/2025] [Indexed: 02/27/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7, a zoonotic pathogen primarily found in cattle, causes Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) in humans, often through contaminated food. Its Type Three Secretion System (T3SS) facilitates gut colonization. In contrast, neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD) is mainly caused by pathogens like enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), Salmonella spp., Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV), and Bovine Rotavirus type A (BRoVA). This study engineered a chimeric protein combining EspB and Int280γ, two T3SS components, expressed in the membranes of Salmonella Dublin and ETEC. METHODS Immune responses in vaccinated mice and guinea pigs were assessed through ELISA assays. RESULTS Successful membrane anchorage and stability of the chimera were confirmed. Immune evaluations showed no enhancement from combining recombinant bacteria, indicating either bacterium suffices in a single formulation. Chimeric expression yielded immunogenicity equivalent to 10 µg of recombinant protein, with similar antibody titers. IgG1/IgG2a levels and Th1, Th2, and Th17 markers indicated a mixed immune response, providing broad humoral and cellular protection. Responses to BCoV, BRoVA, ETEC, and Salmonella antigens remained strong and did not interfere with chimera-specific responses, potentially boosting NCD vaccine efficacy. CONCLUSIONS The chimera demonstrated robust immunogenicity, supporting its potential as a viable vaccine candidate against EHEC O157:H7. This approach could enhance NCD vaccine valency by offering broader protection against calf diarrhea while reducing HUS transmission risks to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel A. Vilte
- Instituto de Patobiología Veterinaria (IPVet) INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham B1686, Argentina
| | - Daniela Hozbor
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata B1900, Argentina
| | - Eugenia Zurita
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata B1900, Argentina
| | - Daniela Bottero
- Laboratorio VacSal, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata B1900, Argentina
| | - María C. Casabonne
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO) INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham B1686, Argentina
| | - Ángel A. Cataldi
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO) INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham B1686, Argentina
| | - Andrés Wigdorovitz
- Bioinnovo S.A., Hurlingham B1686, Argentina; (H.R.)
- INCUINTA Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas (IVIT) INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham B1686, Argentina
| | - Mariano Larzábal
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO) INTA-CONICET, Hurlingham B1686, Argentina
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Dos Santos GF, de Sousa FG, Beier SL, Mendes ACR, Leão AMGES. Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains in bovine carcasses and the impact on the animal production chain. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2243-2251. [PMID: 37335430 PMCID: PMC10484834 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Foodborne diseases are characterized by conditions that can induce symptomatic illnesses in their carriers, and therefore represent a serious problem. They are important conditions from a clinical and epidemiological point of view, and are associated with the occurrence of serious public health problems, with a strong impact on morbidity and mortality. The Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an enterobacterium associated with enteric conditions of variable intensity and which are accompanied by blood. The transmission routes are mainly based on the consumption of contaminated food and water sources. Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) are considered a serogroup of E. coli, are capable of producing Shiga-type toxins (Stx 1 and Stx 2) and the O157:H7 strain is one of the best-known serotypes. The early detection of this pathogen is very important, especially due to the capacity of contamination of carcasses destined for food consumption and supply of productive markets. Sanitary protocols must be developed and constantly reviewed in order to prevent/control the presence of the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Fernanda Dos Santos
- Postgraduate in Quality Management and Hygiene and Technology of Products of Animal Origin, Ifope Educacional, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Felipe Gaia de Sousa
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 6627 Antônio Carlos Av, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Suzane Lilian Beier
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 6627 Antônio Carlos Av, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
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Melamed J, Brockhausen I. Biosynthesis of the O antigen of pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7. Characterization of α1,4-Fuc-transferase WbdO. Glycobiology 2023; 33:165-175. [PMID: 36715215 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwac079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The O157:H7 strain of Escherichia coli is responsible for frequent outbreaks of hemorrhagic colitis worldwide. Its lipopolysaccharide is a virulence factor and contains an O antigen having repeating units with the tetrasaccharide structure [2-D-PerNAcα1-3-L-Fucα1-4-D-Glcβ1-3-D-GalNAcα1-]n. Genes encoding glycosyltransferases WbdN, WbdO, and WbdP are responsible for the biosynthesis of this repeating unit. We have previously characterized the second enzyme in the pathway, WbdN, which transfers Glc in β1-3 linkage to GalNAcα-O-PO3-PO3-(CH2)11-O-Ph (GalNAc-PP-PhU). In this work, Fuc-transferase WbdO from E. coli O157:H7 expressed in BL21 bacteria was characterized using the product of WbdN as the acceptor substrate. We showed that WbdO is specific for GDP-β-L-Fuc as the donor substrate. Compounds that contained terminal Glc or Glcβ1-3GalNAc structures but lacked the diphosphate group did not serve as acceptor substrates. The structure of the WbdO product was identified by mass spectrometry and Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as L-Fucα1-4-D-Glcβ1-3-D-GalNAc PP-PhU. WbdO is an unusual bivalent metal ion-dependent Fuc-transferase classified as an inverting GT2 family enzyme that has 2 conserved sequences near the N-terminus. The Asp37 residue within the 36VDGGSTD42 sequence was found to be essential for catalysis. Mutation of Asp68 to Ala within the conserved 67YDAMNK72 sequence resulted in a 3-fold increase in activity. These studies show that WbdOO157 is a highly specific Fuc-transferase with little homology to other characterized Fuc-transferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Melamed
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L3N6, Canada
| | - Inka Brockhausen
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L3N6, Canada
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Liu Y, Thaker H, Wang C, Xu Z, Dong M. Diagnosis and Treatment for Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 15:10. [PMID: 36668830 PMCID: PMC9862836 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC)-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (STEC-HUS) is a clinical syndrome involving hemolytic anemia (with fragmented red blood cells), low levels of platelets in the blood (thrombocytopenia), and acute kidney injury (AKI). It is the major infectious cause of AKI in children. In severe cases, neurological complications and even death may occur. Treating STEC-HUS is challenging, as patients often already have organ injuries when they seek medical treatment. Early diagnosis is of great significance for improving prognosis and reducing mortality and sequelae. In this review, we first briefly summarize the diagnostics for STEC-HUS, including history taking, clinical manifestations, fecal and serological detection methods for STEC, and complement activation monitoring. We also summarize preventive and therapeutic strategies for STEC-HUS, such as vaccines, volume expansion, renal replacement therapy (RRT), antibiotics, plasma exchange, antibodies and inhibitors that interfere with receptor binding, and the intracellular trafficking of the Shiga toxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
- Department of Urology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hatim Thaker
- Department of Urology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Zhonggao Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Min Dong
- Department of Urology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Kempf F, La Ragione R, Chirullo B, Schouler C, Velge P. Super Shedding in Enteric Pathogens: A Review. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2101. [PMID: 36363692 PMCID: PMC9692634 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Super shedding occurs when a small number of individuals from a given host population shed high levels of a pathogen. Beyond this general definition, various interpretations of the shedding patterns have been proposed to identify super shedders, leading to the description of the super shedding phenomenon in a wide range of pathogens, in particular enteric pathogens, which are of considerable interest. Several underlying mechanisms may explain this observation, including factors related to the environment, the gut microbiota, the pathogen itself (i.e., genetic polymorphism), and the host (including immune factors). Moreover, data suggest that the interplay of these parameters, in particular at the host-pathogen-gut microbiota interface, is of crucial importance for the determination of the super shedding phenotype in enteric pathogens. As a phenomenon playing an important role in the epidemics of enteric diseases, the evidence of super shedding has highlighted the need to develop various control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Kempf
- INRAE, Université de Tours, ISP, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Roberto La Ragione
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Barbara Chirullo
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 000161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Philippe Velge
- INRAE, Université de Tours, ISP, F-37380 Nouzilly, France
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Nimmanapalli R, Gupta V. Vaccines the tugboat for prevention-based animal production. GENOMICS AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN VETERINARY, POULTRY, AND FISHERIES 2020. [PMCID: PMC7149732 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816352-8.00020-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The world population is growing at a faster rate day-by-day and the demands for animal products are also increasing to meet the food security worldwide. For sustained production of animals products, healthy livestock and poultry farming are the major concerns as animals are susceptible to various infectious agents viz. bacteria, virus, and parasites leading to huge economical losses in the form of livestock’s morbidity and mortality. Besides, zoonotic nature of some infectious pathogens of animals is also raising concern for human safety. Vaccination of animals against various diseases present in different geographical regions is a best known strategy for prevention of different disease outbreaks both in organized and unorganized livestock and poultry sectors. Vaccines had played a major role in eradication of different dreaded diseases of livestock sectors globally. In this article we have discussed different vaccine types, various vaccine strategies used for the development of more efficacious and safe vaccines and commercially available vaccines for livestock and poultry.
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Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a major public health threat that has stimulated the scientific community to search for nontraditional therapeutic targets. Because virulence, but not the growth, of many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens depends on the multicomponent type three secretion system injectisome (T3SSi), the T3SSi has been an attractive target for identifying small molecules, peptides, and monoclonal antibodies that inhibit its function to render the pathogen avirulent. While many small-molecule lead compounds have been identified in whole-cell-based high-throughput screens (HTSs), only a few protein targets of these compounds are known; such knowledge is an important step to developing more potent and specific inhibitors. Evaluation of the efficacy of compounds in animal studies is ongoing. Some efforts involving the development of antibodies and vaccines that target the T3SSi are further along and include an antibody that is currently in phase II clinical trials. Continued research into these antivirulence therapies, used alone or in combination with traditional antibiotics, requires combined efforts from both pharmaceutical companies and academic labs.
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Fingermann M, Avila L, De Marco MB, Vázquez L, Di Biase DN, Müller AV, Lescano M, Dokmetjian JC, Fernández Castillo S, Pérez Quiñoy JL. OMV-based vaccine formulations against Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli strains are both protective in mice and immunogenic in calves. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 14:2208-2213. [PMID: 29923791 PMCID: PMC6183318 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1490381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Strains of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) can cause the severe Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS). Shiga toxins are protein toxins that bind and kill microvascular cells, damaging vital organs. No specific therapeutics or vaccines have been licensed for use in humans yet. The most common route of infection is by consumption of dairy or farm products contaminated with STEC. Domestic cattle colonized by STEC strains represent the main reservoir, and thus a source of contamination. Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMV) obtained after detergent treatment of gram-negative bacteria have been used over the past decades for producing many licensed vaccines. These nanoparticles are not only multi-antigenic in nature but also potent immunopotentiators and immunomodulators. Formulations based on chemical-inactivated OMV (OMVi) obtained from a virulent STEC strain (O157:H7 serotype) were found to protect against pathogenicity in a murine model and to be immunogenic in calves. These initial studies suggest that STEC-derived OMV has a potential for the formulation of both human and veterinary vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucía Avila
- a INPB, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán" , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | | | - Luciana Vázquez
- b UOCCB, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán" , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | | | | | - Mirta Lescano
- a INPB, ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán" , Buenos Aires , Argentina
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Martorelli L, Garimano N, Fiorentino GA, Vilte DA, Garbaccio SG, Barth SA, Menge C, Ibarra C, Palermo MS, Cataldi A. Efficacy of a recombinant Intimin, EspB and Shiga toxin 2B vaccine in calves experimentally challenged with Escherichia coli O157:H7. Vaccine 2018; 36:3949-3959. [PMID: 29807709 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a zoonotic pathogen of global importance and the serotype of Shiga toxin-producing E.coli (STEC) most frequently associated with Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) in humans. The main STEC reservoir is cattle. Vaccination of calves with the carboxy-terminal fraction of Intimin γ (IntC280) and EspB can reduce E.coli O157:H7 fecal shedding after experimental challenge. Shiga toxin (Stx) exerts local immunosuppressive effects in the bovine intestine and Stx2B fused to Brucella lumazine synthase (BLS-Stx2B) induces Stx2-neutralizing antibodies. To determine if an immune response against Stx could improve a vaccine's effect on fecal shedding, groups of calves were immunized with EspB + IntC280, with EspB + IntC280 + BLS-Stx2B, or kept as controls. At 24 days post vaccination calves were challenged with E.coli O157:H7. Shedding of E.coli O157:H7 was assessed in recto-anal mucosal swabs by direct plating and enrichment followed by immunomagnetic separation and multiplex PCR. Calves were euthanized 15 days after the challenge and intestinal segments were obtained to assess mucosal antibodies. Vaccination induced a significant increase of IntC280 and EspB specific antibodies in serum and intestinal mucosa in both vaccinated groups. Antibodies against Stx2B were detected in serum and intestinal mucosa of animals vaccinated with 3 antigens. Sera and intestinal homogenates were able to neutralize Stx2 verocytotoxicity compared to the control and the 2-antigens vaccinated group. Both vaccines reduced E.coli O157:H7 shedding compared to the control group. The addition of Stx2B to the vaccine formulation did not result in a superior level of protection compared to the one conferred by IntC280 and EspB alone. It remains to be determined if the inclusion of Stx2B in the vaccine alters E.coli O157:H7 shedding patterns in the long term and after recurrent low dose exposure as occurring in cattle herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisina Martorelli
- Instituto de Patobiología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Garimano
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatogenia, Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO Houssay-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela A Fiorentino
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis e Inmunología de Procesos Infecciosos, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, (IMEX), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel A Vilte
- Instituto de Patobiología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Sergio G Garbaccio
- Instituto de Patobiología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Stefanie A Barth
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut/Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Menge
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut/Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis, Jena, Germany
| | - Cristina Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Fisiopatogenia, Departamento de Fisiología, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO Houssay-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marina S Palermo
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis e Inmunología de Procesos Infecciosos, Instituto de Medicina Experimental, (IMEX), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET)-Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Angel Cataldi
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Hurlingham, Argentina.
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Keenswijk W, Dhont E, Raes A, Bael A, Vande Walle J. A devastating case of diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with extensive cerebral infarction; why we need to do better. Acta Clin Belg 2018; 73:151-155. [PMID: 28599619 DOI: 10.1080/17843286.2017.1337262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A 4-year-old girl with diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (D+HUS) was transferred to the PICU of our center due to deteriorating renal function and neurological involvement. On admission, a comatous child was seen with hypoventilation and she was placed on mechanical ventilation. Hemodialysis was commenced but plasma exchange was discontinued due to repeated hypersensitivity reactions. A trial of eculizumab was given in light of the worsening of her neurologic condition with development of a pyramidal syndrome and deepening of the coma. Hematological and renal improvement were noted but severe neurologic involvement persisted. MRI revealed extensive bilateral zones of corticocerebral infarction and neurological damage proved to be irreversible. Diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome is a common cause of Acute Kidney Injury associated with severe short- and long-term complications. Neurologic involvement is frequent but often reversible. Currently, no effective treatment strategies are available and a paucity of data exists concerning the efficacy of potential treatment options such as early plasma exchange, eculizumab, and high dose corticosteroids. A concerted effort is needed to early identify patients at risk for poor outcome with trials aimed at evaluating the efficacy of potential treatment options for this subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Keenswijk
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Evelyn Dhont
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ann Raes
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Bael
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Nephrology, ZNA Koningin Paola Kinderziekenhuis, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Johan Vande Walle
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Nephrology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Kieckens E, Rybarczyk J, Cox E, Vanrompay D. Antibacterial and immunomodulatory activities of bovine lactoferrin against Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections in cattle. Biometals 2018; 31:321-330. [PMID: 29442205 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-018-0082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 is a zoonotic pathogen that causes food-borne disease in humans ranging from watery diarrhea to bloody diarrhea and severe hemorrhagic colitis, renal failure and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Cattle, the most important source of E. coli O157:H7 transmission to humans, harbor the bacteria in their gastrointestinal tract without showing clinical symptoms. Prevention of E. coli O157:H7 infections in ruminants could diminish the public health risk. However, there is no specific treatment available nor a vaccine or a therapeutic agent which completely prevents E. coli O157:H7 infections in cattle. This paper provides an overview of latest research data on eradicating enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 in ruminants by use of bovine lactoferrin administration. The article provides insights into the anti-microbial and immunomodulatory activities of bovine lactoferrin against E. coli O157:H7 infections in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Kieckens
- Laboratory of Immunology and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joanna Rybarczyk
- Laboratory of Immunology and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eric Cox
- Laboratory of Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Daisy Vanrompay
- Laboratory of Immunology and Animal Biotechnology, Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Newell DG, La Ragione RM. Enterohaemorrhagic and other Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC): Where are we now regarding diagnostics and control strategies? Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65 Suppl 1:49-71. [PMID: 29369531 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli comprises a highly diverse group of Gram-negative bacteria and is a common member of the intestinal microflora of humans and animals. Generally, such colonization is asymptomatic; however, some E. coli strains have evolved to become pathogenic and thus cause clinical disease in susceptible hosts. One pathotype, the Shiga toxigenic E. coli (STEC) comprising strains expressing a Shiga-like toxin is an important foodborne pathogen. A subset of STEC are the enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), which can cause serious human disease, including haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS). The diagnosis of EHEC infections and the surveillance of STEC in the food chain and the environment require accurate, cost-effective and timely tests. In this review, we describe and evaluate tests now in routine use, as well as upcoming test technologies for pathogen detection, including loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and whole-genome sequencing (WGS). We have considered the need for improved diagnostic tools in current strategies for the control and prevention of these pathogens in humans, the food chain and the environment. We conclude that although significant progress has been made, STEC still remains an important zoonotic issue worldwide. Substantial reductions in the public health burden due to this infection will require a multipronged approach, including ongoing surveillance with high-resolution diagnostic techniques currently being developed and integrated into the routine investigations of public health laboratories. However, additional research requirements may be needed before such high-resolution diagnostic tools can be used to enable the development of appropriate interventions, such as vaccines and decontamination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Newell
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - R M La Ragione
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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Castro VS, Carvalho RCT, Conte-Junior CA, Figuiredo EES. Shiga-toxin ProducingEscherichia coli: Pathogenicity, Supershedding, Diagnostic Methods, Occurrence, and Foodborne Outbreaks. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2017; 16:1269-1280. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Silva Castro
- Animal Science Program, Faculdade de Agronomia e Zootecnia; Univ. Federal de Mato Grosso; 78060-900 Mato Grosso Brazil
- Natl. Inst. of Health Quality Control; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz; Rio de Janeiro 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Ricardo César Tavares Carvalho
- Nutrition, Food and Metabolism Program, Faculdade de Nutrição; Univ. Federal de Mato Grosso; 78060-900 Mato Grosso Brazil
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Dept. of Food Technology, Faculdade de Veterinária; Univ. Federal Fluminense; 24230-340 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Food Science Program, Inst. de Química; Univ. Federal do Rio de Janeiro; 21941-909 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Natl. Inst. of Health Quality Control; Fundação Oswaldo Cruz; Rio de Janeiro 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Eduardo Eustáquio Souza Figuiredo
- Animal Science Program, Faculdade de Agronomia e Zootecnia; Univ. Federal de Mato Grosso; 78060-900 Mato Grosso Brazil
- Nutrition, Food and Metabolism Program, Faculdade de Nutrição; Univ. Federal de Mato Grosso; 78060-900 Mato Grosso Brazil
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Stromberg ZR, Lewis GL, Aly SS, Lehenbauer TW, Bosilevac JM, Cernicchiaro N, Moxley RA. Prevalence and Level of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli in Culled Dairy Cows at Harvest. J Food Prot 2016; 79:421-31. [PMID: 26939652 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and level of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, and O145 (collectively EHEC-6) plus EHEC O157 in fecal, hide, and preintervention carcass surface samples from culled dairy cows. Matched samples (n = 300) were collected from 100 cows at harvest and tested by a culture-based method and two molecular methods: NeoSEEK STEC (NS) and Atlas STEC EG2 Combo. Both the culture and NS methods can be used to discriminate among the seven EHEC types (EHEC-7), from which the cumulative prevalence was inferred, whereas the Atlas method can discriminate only between EHEC O157 and non-O157 EHEC, without discrimination of the serogroup. The EHEC-7 prevalence in feces, hides, and carcass surfaces was 6.5, 15.6, and 1.0%, respectively, with the culture method and 25.9, 64.9, and 7.0%, respectively, with the NS method. With the Atlas method, the prevalence of non-O157 EHEC was 29.1, 38.3, and 28.0% and that of EHEC O157 was 29.1, 57.0, and 3.0% for feces, hides, and carcasses, respectively. Only two samples (a hide sample and a fecal sample) originating from different cows contained quantifiable EHEC. In both samples, the isolates were identified as EHEC O157, with 4.7 CFU/1,000 cm(2) in the hide sample and 3.9 log CFU/g in the fecal sample. Moderate agreement was found between culture and NS results for detection of EHEC O26 (κ = 0.58, P < 0.001), EHEC O121 (κ = 0.50, P < 0.001), and EHEC O157 (κ = 0.40, P < 0.001). No significant agreement was observed between NS and Atlas results or between culture and Atlas results. Detection of an EHEC serogroup in fecal samples was significantly associated with detection of the same EHEC serogroup in hide samples for EHEC O26 (P = 0.001), EHEC O111 (P = 0.002), EHEC O121 (P < 0.001), and EHEC-6 (P = 0.029) based on NS detection and for EHEC O121 (P < 0.001) based on detection by culture. This study provides evidence that non-O157 EHEC are ubiquitous on hides of culled dairy cattle and that feces are an important source of non-O157 EHEC hide contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R Stromberg
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583, USA
| | - Gentry L Lewis
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583, USA
| | - Sharif S Aly
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Tulare, California 93274, USA; Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA
| | - Terry W Lehenbauer
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Tulare, California 93274, USA; Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA
| | - Joseph M Bosilevac
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska 68933, USA
| | - Natalia Cernicchiaro
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Rodney A Moxley
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583, USA.
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Kaper JB, O'Brien AD. Overview and Historical Perspectives. Microbiol Spectr 2014; 2:10.1128/microbiolspec.EHEC-0028-2014. [PMID: 25590020 PMCID: PMC4290666 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.ehec-0028-2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this overview, we describe the history of Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in two phases. In phase one, between 1977 and 2011, we learned that E. coli could produce Shiga toxin and cause both hemorrhagic colitis and the hemolytic-uremic syndrome in humans and that the prototype STEC-E. coli O157:H7-adheres to and effaces intestinal epithelial cells by a mechanism similar to that of enteropathogenic E. coli. We also recognized that the genes for Stx are typically encoded on a lysogenic phage; that STEC O157:H7 harbors a large pathogenicity island that encodes the elements needed for the characteristic attaching and effacing lesion; and that the most severe cases of human disease are linked to production of Stx type 2a, not Stx type 1a. Phase two began with a large food-borne outbreak of hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic-uremic syndrome in Germany in 2011. That outbreak was caused by a novel strain consisting of enteroaggregative E. coli O104:H4 transduced by a Stx2a-converting phage. From this outbreak we learned that any E. coli strain that can adhere tightly to the human bowel (either by a biofilm-like mechanism as in E. coli O104:H4 or by an attaching and effacing mechanism as in E. coli O157:H7) can cause severe diarrheal and systemic illness when it acquires the capacity to produce Stx2a. This overview provides the basis for the review of current information regarding these fascinating and complex pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Kaper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21122
| | - Alison D O'Brien
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814
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