1
|
Matsuo M, Ejima K, Nakata S. Recursively positive and negative chemotaxis coupling with reaction kinetics in self-organized inanimate motion. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 639:324-332. [PMID: 36805757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Reconstructing recursive chemotaxis in inanimate self-propelled objects is inevitable in the development of recursively and autonomously artificial mass transport systems. However, the fabrication of inanimately recursive chemotaxis has been extremely challenging because of the difficulty in introducing competitive positive and negative feedback into an inanimate self-propelled object. Herein, a coumarin derivative (coumarin, 4-methylcoumarin (4-MC), or 6-methylcoumarin (6-MC))-based disk floated on water as a self-propelled object exhibited characteristic features of motion; these features include continuous motion, repetition between positive and negative chemotaxis to the Na3PO4 powder as a base stimulus, and oscillatory motion above the Na3PO4 powder depending on the Na3PO4 density of the powder and the functional group of coumarin derivatives. The mechanism of the characteristic features of motion to the base stimulus is discussed in relation to the surface tension of the coumarin derivatives as the driving force of motion and the reaction rate of the hydrolysis between coumarin derivatives and OH- obtained from Na3PO4. This study suggests a novel avenue for developing a recursive chemotactic system coupled with reaction kinetics in self-organized motion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muneyuki Matsuo
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Kaho Ejima
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakata
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mou F, Xie Q, Liu J, Che S, Bahmane L, You M, Guan J. ZnO-based micromotors fueled by CO 2: the first example of self-reorientation-induced biomimetic chemotaxis. Natl Sci Rev 2021; 8:nwab066. [PMID: 34876993 PMCID: PMC8645024 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwab066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthetic chemotactic micro/nanomotors are envisioned to actively ‘seek out’ targets by following specific chemicals, but they are mainly powered by bioincompatible fuels and only show pseudochemotaxis (or advanced chemokinesis) due to their weak self-reorientation capabilities. Here we demonstrate that synthetic ZnO-based Janus micromotors can be powered by the alternative biocompatible fuel of CO2, and further provide the first example of self-reorientation-induced biomimetic chemotaxis using them. The ZnO-based micromotors are highly sensitive to dissolved CO2 in water, which enables the corrosion of ZnO to continuously occur by providing H+ through hydration. Thus, they can autonomously move even in water exposed to air based on self-diffusiophoresis. Furthermore, they can sense the local CO2 gradient and perform positive chemotaxis by self-reorientations under the phoretic torque. Our discovery opens a gate to developing intelligent micro/nanomotors powered by, and sensitive to, biocompatible atmospheric or endogenous gaseous chemicals for biomedical and environmental applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhi Mou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shengping Che
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lamya Bahmane
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ming You
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianguo Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, International of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Williams I, Lee S, Apriceno A, Sear RP, Battaglia G. Diffusioosmotic and convective flows induced by a nonelectrolyte concentration gradient. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:25263-25271. [PMID: 32989158 PMCID: PMC7568292 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2009072117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose is an important energy source in our bodies, and its consumption results in gradients over length scales ranging from the subcellular to entire organs. Concentration gradients can drive material transport through both diffusioosmosis and convection. Convection arises because concentration gradients are mass density gradients. Diffusioosmosis is fluid flow induced by the interaction between a solute and a solid surface. A concentration gradient parallel to a surface creates an osmotic pressure gradient near the surface, resulting in flow. Diffusioosmosis is well understood for electrolyte solutes, but is more poorly characterized for nonelectrolytes such as glucose. We measure fluid flow in glucose gradients formed in a millimeter-long thin channel and find that increasing the gradient causes a crossover from diffusioosmosis-dominated to convection-dominated flow. We cannot explain this with established theories of these phenomena which predict that both scale linearly. In our system, the convection speed is linear in the gradient, but the diffusioosmotic speed has a much weaker concentration dependence and is large even for dilute solutions. We develop existing models and show that a strong surface-solute interaction, a heterogeneous surface, and accounting for a concentration-dependent solution viscosity can explain our data. This demonstrates how sensitive nonelectrolyte diffusioosmosis is to surface and solution properties and to surface-solute interactions. A comprehensive understanding of this sensitivity is required to understand transport in biological systems on length scales from micrometers to millimeters where surfaces are invariably complex and heterogeneous.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Williams
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Sangyoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Azzurra Apriceno
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Richard P Sear
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tsujioka M, Uyeda TQP, Iwadate Y, Patel H, Shibata K, Yumoto T, Yonemura S. Actin-binding domains mediate the distinct distribution of two Dictyostelium Talins through different affinities to specific subsets of actin filaments during directed cell migration. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214736. [PMID: 30946777 PMCID: PMC6449030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the distinct distribution of certain molecules along the anterior or posterior edge is essential for directed cell migration, the mechanisms to maintain asymmetric protein localization have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we studied a mechanism for the distinct localizations of two Dictyostelium talin homologues, talin A and talin B, both of which play important roles in cell migration and adhesion. Using GFP fusion, we found that talin B, as well as its C-terminal actin-binding region, which consists of an I/LWEQ domain and a villin headpiece domain, was restricted to the leading edge of migrating cells. This is in sharp contrast to talin A and its C-terminal actin-binding domain, which co-localized with myosin II along the cell posterior cortex, as reported previously. Intriguingly, even in myosin II-null cells, talin A and its actin-binding domain displayed a specific distribution, co-localizing with stretched actin filaments. In contrast, talin B was excluded from regions rich in stretched actin filaments, although a certain amount of its actin-binding region alone was present in those areas. When cells were sucked by a micro-pipette, talin B was not detected in the retracting aspirated lobe where acto-myosin, talin A, and the actin-binding regions of talin A and talin B accumulated. Based on these results, we suggest that talin A predominantly interacts with actin filaments stretched by myosin II through its C-terminal actin-binding region, while the actin-binding region of talin B does not make such distinctions. Furthermore, talin B appears to have an additional, unidentified mechanism that excludes it from the region rich in stretched actin filaments. We propose that these actin-binding properties play important roles in the anterior and posterior enrichment of talin B and talin A, respectively, during directed cell migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masatsune Tsujioka
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, RIKEN, Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Taro Q. P. Uyeda
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hitesh Patel
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Keitaro Shibata
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tenji Yumoto
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Yonemura
- Electron Microscope Laboratory, RIKEN, Center for Developmental Biology, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kugaevskaya EV, Gureeva TA, Timoshenko OS, Solovyeva NI. Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator System in Norm and in Life-Threatening Processes (Review). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.15360/1813-9779-2018-6-61-79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The multifunctional urokinase-type plasminogen activator system (uPA-system) includes serine proteinase — uPA or urokinase, its receptor (uPAR) and two inhibitors (PAI-1 and PAI-2). The review discusses the structural features and involvement of the system components in the development of life-threatening processes including carcinogenesis, inflammation, neurogenesis and fibrinolysis, in regulation of which the destruction of extracellular matrix (ECM), cell mobility and signaling inside and outside the cell play a decisive role. uPA triggers the processes by activating the plasminogen and its convertion into plasmin involved in the activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in addition to the regulation of fibrinolysis. MMPs can hydrolyze all the major ECM components and therefore play a key role in invasion, metastasis, and cell mobility. MMPs activates a cassette of biologically active regulatory molecules and release them from ECM. uPAR, PAI-1 and PAI-2 are responsible for regulation of the uPA activity. In addition, being a signaling receptor, uPAR along with MMPs lead to the stimulation of a number of signaling pathways that are associated with the regulation of proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion, growth and migration of cells contributing to tumor progression, inflammation, chemotaxis, and angiogenesis. Effective participation of the uPA system components in ECM destruction and regulation of intracellular and extracellular signaling pathways demonstrates that the system significantly contributes to the regulation of various physiological and pathological processes.
Collapse
|
6
|
Vitali F, Marini S, Balli M, Grosemans H, Sampaolesi M, Lussier YA, Cusella De Angelis MG, Bellazzi R. Exploring Wound-Healing Genomic Machinery with a Network-Based Approach. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2017. [PMID: 28635674 PMCID: PMC5490412 DOI: 10.3390/ph10020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying tissue regeneration and wound healing are still poorly understood despite their importance. In this paper we develop a bioinformatics approach, combining biology and network theory to drive experiments for better understanding the genetic underpinnings of wound healing mechanisms and for selecting potential drug targets. We start by selecting literature-relevant genes in murine wound healing, and inferring from them a Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network. Then, we analyze the network to rank wound healing-related genes according to their topological properties. Lastly, we perform a procedure for in-silico simulation of a treatment action in a biological pathway. The findings obtained by applying the developed pipeline, including gene expression analysis, confirms how a network-based bioinformatics method is able to prioritize candidate genes for in vitro analysis, thus speeding up the understanding of molecular mechanisms and supporting the discovery of potential drug targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Vitali
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Biostatistics, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
- BIO5 Institute Center for Biomedical Informatics and Biostatistics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Simone Marini
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy.
- Centre for Health Technologies, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Martina Balli
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Laboratory of Translational Cardiomyology, KULeuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Hanne Grosemans
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Laboratory of Translational Cardiomyology, KULeuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Maurilio Sampaolesi
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Laboratory of Translational Cardiomyology, KULeuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Yves A Lussier
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Biostatistics, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
- BIO5 Institute Center for Biomedical Informatics and Biostatistics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | | | - Riccardo Bellazzi
- Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy.
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bobkov DE, Kropacheva IV. The effect of lysophosphatidic acid on the composition of cytoplasmic protein complexes that contain myosin-9 and tropomyosin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990519x17030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
8
|
To C, Roy A, Chan E, Prado MAM, Di Guglielmo GM. Synthetic triterpenoids inhibit GSK3β activity and localization and affect focal adhesions and cell migration. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:1274-1284. [PMID: 28366661 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic triterpenoids are a class of anti-cancer compounds that target many cellular functions, including apoptosis and cell growth in both cell culture and animal models. We have shown that triterpenoids inhibit cell migration in part by interfering with Arp2/3-dependent branched actin polymerization in lamellipodia (To et al., 2010). Our current studies reveal that Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta (GSK3β), a kinase that regulates many cellular processes, including cell adhesion dynamics, is a triterpenoid-binding protein. Furthermore, triterpenoids were observed to inhibit GSK3β activity and increase cellular focal adhesion size. To further examine whether these effects on focal adhesions in triterpenoid-treated cells were GSK3β-dependent, GSK3β inhibitors (lithium chloride and SB216763) were used to examine cell adhesion and morphology as well as cell migration. Our results showed that GSK3β inhibitors also altered cell adhesion sizes. Moreover, these inhibitors blocked cell migration and displaced proteins at the leading edge of migrating cells, consistent with what was observed in triterpenoid-treated cells. Therefore, the triterpenoids may affect cell migration via a mechanism that targets and alters the activity and localization of GSK3β.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ciric To
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ashbeel Roy
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Eddie Chan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Marco A M Prado
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Iqbal AJ, Barrett TJ, Taylor L, McNeill E, Manmadhan A, Recio C, Carmineri A, Brodermann MH, White GE, Cooper D, DiDonato JA, Zamanian-Daryoush M, Hazen SL, Channon KM, Greaves DR, Fisher EA. Acute exposure to apolipoprotein A1 inhibits macrophage chemotaxis in vitro and monocyte recruitment in vivo. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27572261 PMCID: PMC5030090 DOI: 10.7554/elife.15190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) is the major protein component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and has well documented anti-inflammatory properties. To better understand the cellular and molecular basis of the anti-inflammatory actions of apoA1, we explored the effect of acute human apoA1 exposure on the migratory capacity of monocyte-derived cells in vitro and in vivo. Acute (20-60 min) apoA1 treatment induced a substantial (50-90%) reduction in macrophage chemotaxis to a range of chemoattractants. This acute treatment was anti-inflammatory in vivo as shown by pre-treatment of monocytes prior to adoptive transfer into an on-going murine peritonitis model. We find that apoA1 rapidly disrupts membrane lipid rafts, and as a consequence, dampens the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway that coordinates reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and cell migration. Our data strengthen the evidence base for therapeutic apoA1 infusions in situations where reduced monocyte recruitment to sites of inflammation could have beneficial outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asif J Iqbal
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Tessa J Barrett
- Division of Cardiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, United States.,Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, United States.,Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Lewis Taylor
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen McNeill
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Arun Manmadhan
- Division of Cardiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, United States.,Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, United States.,Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Carlota Recio
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alfredo Carmineri
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gemma E White
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dianne Cooper
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph A DiDonato
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleavland, United States
| | - Maryam Zamanian-Daryoush
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleavland, United States
| | - Stanley L Hazen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute of the Cleveland Clinic, Cleavland, United States
| | - Keith M Channon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David R Greaves
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Edward A Fisher
- Division of Cardiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, United States.,Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, United States.,Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Taylor L, Brodermann MH, McCaffary D, Iqbal AJ, Greaves DR. Netrin-1 Reduces Monocyte and Macrophage Chemotaxis towards the Complement Component C5a. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160685. [PMID: 27509208 PMCID: PMC4980032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Netrin-1, acting at its cognate receptor UNC5b, has been previously demonstrated to inhibit CC chemokine-induced immune cell migration. In line with this, we found that netrin-1 was able to inhibit CCL2-induced migration of bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs). However, whether netrin-1 is capable of inhibiting chemotaxis to a broader range of chemoattractants remains largely unexplored. As our initial experiments demonstrated that RAW264.7 and BMDMs expressed high levels of C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1) on their surface, we aimed to determine the effect of netrin-1 exposure on monocyte/macrophage cell migration induced by C5a, a complement peptide that plays a major role in multiple inflammatory pathologies. Treatment of RAW264.7 macrophages, BMDMs and human monocytes with netrin-1 inhibited their chemotaxis towards C5a, as measured using two different real-time methods. This inhibitory effect was found to be dependent on netrin-1 receptor signalling, as an UNC5b blocking antibody was able to reverse netrin-1 inhibition of C5a induced BMDM migration. Treatment of BMDMs with netrin-1 had no effect on C5aR1 proximal signalling events, as surface C5aR1 expression, internalisation and intracellular Ca2+ release following C5aR1 ligation remained unaffected after netrin-1 exposure. We next examined receptor distal events that occur following C5aR1 activation, but found that netrin-1 was unable to inhibit C5a induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, Akt and p38, pathways important for cellular migration. Furthermore, netrin-1 treatment had no effect on BMDM cytoskeletal rearrangement following C5a stimulation as determined by microscopy and real-time electrical impedance sensing. Taken together these data highlight that netrin-1 inhibits monocyte and macrophage cell migration, but that the mechanism behind this effect remains unresolved. Nevertheless, netrin-1 and its cognate receptors warrant further investigation as they may represent a potential avenue for the development of novel anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Taylor
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - David McCaffary
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Asif Jilani Iqbal
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David R. Greaves
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nox4 and Duox1/2 Mediate Redox Activation of Mesenchymal Cell Migration by PDGF. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154157. [PMID: 27110716 PMCID: PMC4844135 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) orchestrates wound healing and tissue regeneration by regulating recruitment of the precursor mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and fibroblasts. PDGF stimulates generation of hydrogen peroxide that is required for cell migration, but the sources and intracellular targets of H2O2 remain obscure. Here we demonstrate sustained live responses of H2O2 to PDGF and identify PKB/Akt, but not Erk1/2, as the target for redox regulation in cultured 3T3 fibroblasts and MSC. Apocynin, cell-permeable catalase and LY294002 inhibited PDGF-induced migration and mitotic activity of these cells indicating involvement of PI3-kinase pathway and H2O2. Real-time PCR revealed Nox4 and Duox1/2 as the potential sources of H2O2. Silencing of Duox1/2 in fibroblasts or Nox4 in MSC reduced PDGF-stimulated intracellular H2O2, PKB/Akt phosphorylation and migration, but had no such effect on Erk1/2. In contrast to PDGF, EGF failed to increase cytoplasmic H2O2, phosphorylation of PKB/Akt and migration of fibroblasts and MSC, confirming the critical impact of redox signaling. We conclude that PDGF-induced migration of mesenchymal cells requires Nox4 and Duox1/2 enzymes, which mediate redox-sensitive activation of PI3-kinase pathway and PKB/Akt.
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhou FY, Wei AQ, Shen B, Williams L, Diwan AD. Cartilage Derived Morphogenetic Protein-2 Induces Cell Migration and Its Chondrogenic Potential in C28/I2 Cells. Int J Spine Surg 2015; 9:52. [PMID: 26609507 DOI: 10.14444/2052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intervertebral disc degeneration is a major cause of low back pain. Previous researches have demonstrated local administration of signalling molecules as potential biological therapies for disc regeneration. Our laboratory has published encouraging results for effectiveness of injection of the cartilage derived morphogenetic protein-2 (CDMP-2) into ovine discs following annular injury. To elucidate the mechanisms underpinning these in vivo effects, this project aimed to investigate the potential of CDMP-2 on cellular migration, proliferation and extracellular matrix production in a human chondrocytic cell line. METHODS To evaluate cell motility, cells were seeded into Boyden chambers and CDMP-2 as a chemo-attractant or a stimulant was placed into either the bottom or top chambers respectively. Cells that had completed migration through the porous membrane were visualized by immunocytochemical staining and analysed using Image J. The effect of CDMP-2 on cell proliferation, proteoglycan and collagen production, as well as chondrogenic gene expression in human chondrocytic cell line C28/I2 was also examined. RESULTS The results revealed that cells migrated significantly under the influence of CDMP-2 (200 ng/ml) stimulation compared to control (3-fold increase, p = 0.033) and demonstrated a significant chemotactic movement towards a solution of 200ng/ml CDMP-2 (>2-fold increase, p = 0.027). A 35% increase in C28/I2 proliferation was observed after CDMP-2 stimulation (p < 0.0001) compared to control, and in the presence of 100ng/ml CDMP-2, proteoglycan synthesis had an 8-fold increase (p = 0.048). Similarly, gene expression analysis demonstrated increased expression of aggrecan, collagen types II, X and XXVII, BMPR-1A and BMPR-2 when cells were treated with CDMP-2. CONCLUSION The study shows that C28/I2 cells can migrate under the influence of CDMP-2 as a chemoattractant or migration stimulator, suggestive of an effect on chondrocytic cells in the intervertebral disc. Further, CDMP-2 can stimulate C28/I2 cells to proliferate and synthesize key extracellular matrix proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Y Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Research, Orthopaedic Research Institute, St George Hospital Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ai-Qun Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic Research, Orthopaedic Research Institute, St George Hospital Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Bojiang Shen
- Department of Orthopaedic Research, Orthopaedic Research Institute, St George Hospital Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lisa Williams
- Department of Orthopaedic Research, Orthopaedic Research Institute, St George Hospital Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ashish D Diwan
- Department of Orthopaedic Research, Orthopaedic Research Institute, St George Hospital Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Garcia-Miralles M, Coomaraswamy J, Häbig K, Herzig MC, Funk N, Gillardon F, Maisel M, Jucker M, Gasser T, Galter D, Biskup S. No dopamine cell loss or changes in cytoskeleton function in transgenic mice expressing physiological levels of wild type or G2019S mutant LRRK2 and in human fibroblasts. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118947. [PMID: 25830304 PMCID: PMC4382199 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations within the LRRK2 gene have been identified in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients and have been implicated in the dysfunction of several cellular pathways. Here, we explore how pathogenic mutations and the inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity affect cytoskeleton dynamics in mouse and human cell systems. We generated and characterized a novel transgenic mouse model expressing physiological levels of human wild type and G2019S-mutant LRRK2. No neuronal loss or neurodegeneration was detected in midbrain dopamine neurons at the age of 12 months. Postnatal hippocampal neurons derived from transgenic mice showed no alterations in the seven parameters examined concerning neurite outgrowth sampled automatically on several hundred neurons using high content imaging. Treatment with the kinase inhibitor LRRK2-IN-1 resulted in no significant changes in the neurite outgrowth. In human fibroblasts we analyzed whether pathogenic LRRK2 mutations change cytoskeleton functions such as cell adhesion. To this end we compared the adhesion characteristics of human skin fibroblasts derived from six PD patients carrying one of three different pathogenic LRRK2 mutations and from four age-matched control individuals. The mutant LRRK2 variants as well as the inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity did not reveal any significant cell adhesion differences in cultured fibroblasts. In summary, our results in both human and mouse cell systems suggest that neither the expression of wild type or mutant LRRK2, nor the inhibition of LRRK2 kinase activity affect neurite complexity and cellular adhesion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Garcia-Miralles
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Janaky Coomaraswamy
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Karina Häbig
- Department of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Martin C. Herzig
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Natalja Funk
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Frank Gillardon
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, CNS Research, 88397 Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Martina Maisel
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Jucker
- Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Gasser
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Dagmar Galter
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Saskia Biskup
- Department of Neurodegeneration, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vorotnikov AV, Tyurin-Kuzmin PA. Chemotactic signaling in mesenchymal cells compared to amoeboid cells. Genes Dis 2014; 1:162-173. [PMID: 30258862 PMCID: PMC6150068 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell chemotaxis plays a pivotal role in normal development, inflammatory response, injury repair and tissue regeneration in all organisms. It is also a critical contributor to cancer metastasis, altered angiogenesis and neurite growth in disease. The molecular mechanisms regulating chemotaxis are currently being identified and key components may be pertinent therapeutic targets. Although these components appear to be mostly common in various cells, there are important differences in chemotactic signaling networks and signal processing that result in the distinct chemotactic behavior of mesenchymal cells compared to much better studied amoeboid blood cells. These differences are not necessarily predetermined based on cell type, but are rather chosen and exploited by cells to modify their chemotactic behavior based on physical constraints and/or environmental conditions. This results in a specific type of chemotactic migration in mesenchymal cells that can be selectively targeted in disease. Here, we compare the chemotactic behavior, signaling and motility of mesenchymal and amoeboid cells. We suggest that the current model of chemotaxis is applicable for small amoeboid cells but needs to be reconsidered for large mesenchymal cells. We focus on new candidate regulatory molecules and feedback mechanisms that may account for mesenchymal cell type-specific chemotaxis.
Collapse
Key Words
- Chemotaxis
- Feedback regulation
- Fibroblasts
- GEFs, guanine nucleotide exchange factors
- GPCRs, G-protein coupled receptors
- Hydrogen peroxide
- LEGI, local excitation and global inhibition
- MAP-kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- NOX, NADPH-oxidase
- PDGF, platelet derived growth factor
- PI3-kinase, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase
- PIP3, phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate
- PLA2, phospholipase A2
- PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog
- RTKs, receptor tyrosine kinases
- Signaling
- mTORC, mechanistic target of rapamycin complex
- РТР-1В, protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Vorotnikov
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Institute of Experimental Cardiology, Russian Cardiology Research and Production Complex, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Corresponding author. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Moscow State University, 31 Lomonosov Ave., Bldg 5, Russian Federation.
| | - Pyotr A. Tyurin-Kuzmin
- Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Flate E, Stalvey JRD. Motility of select ovarian cancer cell lines: effect of extra-cellular matrix proteins and the involvement of PAK2. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:1401-11. [PMID: 25050916 PMCID: PMC4151804 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between tumor cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins influences cell migration and the invasive behavior of cancer cells. In this study, we provide experimental evidence that collagen I and fibronectin affect ovarian cancer cell migration. In vitro wound healing assays and transwell migration assays were used to measure both total wound healing and directionality of individually migrating OV2008 and C13 ovarian cancer cells on glass, collagen I and fibronectin. Involvement of p21-activated kinase 2 (Pak2) in the motility of these cell lines was investigated using a chemical inhibitor as well as siRNA transfection. Culturing ovarian cancer cells on collagen type I (COLL) increased the migratory ability of OV2008 and C13 cells by increasing the directional migration of cells. In contrast, fibronectin (FN) decreased the migratory ability of OV2008 cells by reducing their ability to migrate directionally. When both cell lines are cultured on COLL and treated with increasing concentrations of a PAK inhibitor (IPA-3), there is a dose-dependent response such that there is a decrease in migration with an increase in inhibitor concentration. Further experiments utilizing PAK2 knockdown via siRNA transfection demonstrated significantly reduced migration of OV2008 cells on COLL as compared to those receiving control siRNA. In conclusion, our results indicate that FN and COLL affect the motility of the selected ovarian cancer cells lines and the effect of COLL is likely mediated, at least in part, by PAK2. A better understanding of the molecular events that contribute to tumor invasion and metastasis is crucial for developing novel treatment strategies to improve the long-term survival of women with ovarian cancer. As PAK2 is involved in motility, it should be further explored as a pro-metastatic gene in ovarian cancer.
Collapse
|
16
|
Abstract
Cell migration is a fundamental process that occurs during embryo development. Classic studies using in vitro culture systems have been instrumental in dissecting the principles of cell motility and highlighting how cells make use of topographical features of the substrate, cell-cell contacts, and chemical and physical environmental signals to direct their locomotion. Here, we review the guidance principles of in vitro cell locomotion and examine how they control directed cell migration in vivo during development. We focus on developmental examples in which individual guidance mechanisms have been clearly dissected, and for which the interactions among guidance cues have been explored. We also discuss how the migratory behaviours elicited by guidance mechanisms generate the stereotypical patterns of migration that shape tissues in the developing embryo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Germán Reig
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Eduardo Pulgar
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Miguel L. Concha
- Anatomy and Developmental Biology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
A polarized Ca2+, diacylglycerol and STIM1 signalling system regulates directed cell migration. Nat Cell Biol 2014; 16:133-44. [PMID: 24463606 PMCID: PMC3953390 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ca(2+) signals control cell migration by regulating forward movement and cell adhesion. However, it is not well understood how Ca(2+)-regulatory proteins and second messengers are spatially organized in migrating cells. Here we show that receptor tyrosine kinase and phospholipase C signalling are restricted to the front of migrating endothelial leader cells, triggering local Ca(2+) pulses, local depletion of Ca(2+) in the endoplasmic reticulum and local activation of STIM1, supporting pulsatile front retraction and adhesion. At the same time, the mediator of store-operated Ca(2+) influx, STIM1, is transported by microtubule plus ends to the front. Furthermore, higher Ca(2+) pump rates in the front relative to the back of the plasma membrane enable effective local Ca(2+) signalling by locally decreasing basal Ca(2+). Finally, polarized phospholipase C signalling generates a diacylglycerol gradient towards the front that promotes persistent forward migration. Thus, cells employ an integrated Ca(2+) control system with polarized Ca(2+) signalling proteins and second messengers to synergistically promote directed cell migration.
Collapse
|
18
|
Griffith GL, Russell RA, Kasus-Jacobi A, Thavathiru E, Gonzalez ML, Logan S, Pereira HA. CAP37 activation of PKC promotes human corneal epithelial cell chemotaxis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2013; 54:6712-23. [PMID: 24008408 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to elucidate the signaling pathway through which cationic antimicrobial protein of 37 kDa (CAP37) mediates human corneal epithelial cell (HCEC) chemotaxis. METHODS Immortalized HCECs were treated with pertussis toxin (10 and 1000 ng/mL), protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors (calphostin c, 50 nM and Ro-31-8220, 100 nM), phorbol esters (phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate, 200 nM and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, 1 μM) known to deplete PKC isoforms, and siRNAs (400 nM) before a modified Boyden chamber assay was used to determine the effect of these inhibitors and siRNAs on CAP37-directed HCEC migration. PKCδ protein levels, PKCδ-Thr(505) phosphorylation, and PKCδ kinase activity was assessed in CAP37-treated HCECs using immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and a kinase activity assay, respectively. RESULTS Chemotaxis studies revealed that treatment with pertussis toxin, PKC inhibitors, phorbol esters, and siRNAs significantly inhibited CAP37-mediated chemotaxis compared with untreated controls. CAP37 treatment increased PKCδ protein levels and led to PKCδ phosphorylation on residue Thr(505). Direct activation of PKCδ by CAP37 was demonstrated using a kinase activity assay. CONCLUSIONS These findings lead us to conclude that CAP37 is an important regulator of corneal epithelial cell migration and mediates its effects through PKCδ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gina L Griffith
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hou A, Toh LX, Gan KH, Lee KJR, Manser E, Tong L. Rho GTPases and regulation of cell migration and polarization in human corneal epithelial cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77107. [PMID: 24130842 PMCID: PMC3795020 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Epithelial cell migration is required for regeneration of tissues and can be defective in a number of ocular surface diseases. This study aimed to determine the expression pattern of Rho family small G-proteins in human corneal epithelial cells to test their requirement in directional cell migration. Methods Rho family small G-protein expression was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Dominant-inhibitory constructs encoding Rho proteins or Rho protein targeting small interfering RNA were transfected into human corneal epithelial large T antigen cells, and wound closure rate were evaluated by scratch wounding assay, and a complementary non-traumatic cell migration assay. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to study cell polarization and to assess Cdc42 downstream effector. Results Cdc42, Chp, Rac1, RhoA, TC10 and TCL were expressed in human corneal epithelial cells. Among them, Cdc42 and TCL were found to significantly affect cell migration in monolayer scratch assays. These results were confirmed through the use of validated siRNAs directed to Cdc42 and TCL. Scramble siRNA transfected cells had high percentage of polarized cells than Cdc42 or TCL siRNA transfected cells at the wound edge. We showed that the Cdc42-specific effector p21-activated kinase 4 localized predominantly to cell-cell junctions in cell monolayers, but failed to translocate to the leading edge in Cdc42 siRNA transfected cells after monolayer wounding. Conclusion Rho proteins expressed in cultured human corneal epithelial cells, and Cdc42, TCL facilitate two-dimensional cell migration in-vitro. Although silencing of Cdc42 and TCL did not noticeably affect the appearance of cell adhesions at the leading edge, the slower migration of these cells indicates both GTP-binding proteins play important roles in promoting cell movement of human corneal epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Hou
- Ocular Surface Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li Xian Toh
- RGS Group, Institute of Medical Biology, A, Star, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kah Hui Gan
- Ocular Surface Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Khee Jin Ryan Lee
- Ocular Surface Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edward Manser
- RGS Group, Institute of Medical Biology, A, Star, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Louis Tong
- Ocular Surface Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yang JA, Phan HT, Vaidya S, Murphy CJ. Nanovacuums: nanoparticle uptake and differential cellular migration on a carpet of nanoparticles. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:2295-2302. [PMID: 23577660 DOI: 10.1021/nl400972r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The behavior of prostate carcinoma (PC3) cells and human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells when incubated with sedimented Au NPs in vitro is studied. Darkfield microscopy demonstrates that both PC3 and HDF cells can "vacuum" Au NPs from the surface. Mean square displacement and mean cumulative square distance of cells shows that PC3 migration decreases in the presence of Au NPs while for HDF, migration is dependent on the surface charge and shape of Au NPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie An Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|