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Boedker I, Ball HL, Richter M, South TL, Roberts SGB. Construction of the Views oN Infant Sleep (VNIS) Questionnaire. Early Hum Dev 2024; 191:105989. [PMID: 38513547 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2024.105989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Parents' beliefs about infant sleep behaviour vary over time and across cultures. No validated instrument exists to understand parents' pre- and postnatal views on infant sleep behaviours, which may influence their caregiving decisions. The Views oN Infant Sleep Questionnaire (VNIS) will be a tool to assess parents' beliefs in order to facilitate tailored perinatal care, increase the reliability of postnatal self-report measures, allow for cross-cultural comparisons, and provide a baseline for researchers to use in longitudinal studies. We recruited an online sample of 971 female participants who were resident in the United Kingdom, at least 28 weeks pregnant, and at least 18 years of age. The initial questionnaire consisted of 31 questions about infant independence, night-waking, infant feeding, touch, and safety, and items were rated on a 5-point Likert scale. The item pool was reduced to 12 using principal component analysis and a structure was found for the three components "Closeness", "Independence", and "Night-waking". Overall, these results suggest that the VNIS can provide a brief scale to measure different aspects of individuals' beliefs about infant sleep. In further research the VNIS needs to be validated with a confirmatory factor analysis in another sample, and to be tested as a cross-cultural instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Boedker
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - Helen L Ball
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Richter
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Tina L South
- School of Nursing and Allied Health, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sam G B Roberts
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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2
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Atadag YB, Akdas S, Keten HS, Kaya E. Relationship between health literacy and maternal bonding: A prospective cross-sectional study. Niger J Clin Pract 2023; 26:934-940. [PMID: 37635577 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_633_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Maternal bonding has an effect on the baby throughout its life. The effective and complete occurrence of the mother-baby bond depends on many factors which can be individual or environmental. Health literacy plays an important role in the health behaviors of individuals, the prevention of diseases, and the improvement of health. Health literacy is a key determinant of medical-related issues. Objectives This study was conducted to examine the relationship between health literacy and mother-infant attachment in infancy. It was aimed to predict the biopsychosocial impact of the mother's health literacy level on the baby's life indirectly. Materials and Methods The sample of this descriptive and cross-sectional study included 202 mothers. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Health Literacy Scale-Short Form (HLS-SF), and Maternal Attachment Inventory (MAI). Results There were no statistical correlations between HLS-SF scores and MAI scores. In addition, the mothers with a statistically significant higher MAI score were those whose partners had a higher education level, had a planned pregnancy, worked in the prenatal period, never breastfed, and had earlier skin-to-skin contact with their baby. (P < 0.05). Conclusion Factors that may affect maternal bonding, which affects a baby's entire life, should be addressed by the authorities and necessary improvements would be useful. We believe that this previously unexplored study will pave the way for multicenter similar studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Buyukdereli Atadag
- Department of Family Medicine, Abdulkadir Yüksel State Hospital, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - S Akdas
- Department of Family Medicine, Cumhuriyet Family Health Center, Canakkale, Turkey
| | - H S Keten
- Department of Family Medicine, Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - E Kaya
- Department of Public Health, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
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3
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Bilgin A, Wolke D. Bed-Sharing in the First 6 Months: Associations with Infant-Mother Attachment, Infant Attention, Maternal Bonding, and Sensitivity at 18 Months. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2022; 43:e9-e19. [PMID: 34117203 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000000966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate whether bed-sharing during the first 6 months of life is associated with infant's attachment and behavioral outcomes and mother's bonding and sensitive parenting at 18 months of age. METHODS The sample with complete longitudinal data comprised 178 infants and their caretakers. Bed-sharing was assessed with maternal report at term, 3, 6, and 18 months. Infant attachment was measured at 18 months using the strange situation procedure. Infant behavioral outcomes (i.e., poor attention/hyperactivity and task persistence) were assessed with 2 observational measures at 18 months. Maternal sensitivity was observed at 3 and 18 months, and mothers reported on bonding to their infant at term, 3, and 18 months. RESULTS Bed-sharing was common at term (41.2%), which decreased at 3 months (22.6%) followed by a slight increase at 6 (27.5%) and 18 months of age (31.3%). No associations between bed-sharing during the first 6 months and infant-mother attachment and infant behavioral outcomes at 18 months were found. Similarly, there were no associations between bed-sharing during the first 6 months and maternal bonding and sensitivity at consequent assessment points (i.e., 3 and 18 months). CONCLUSION Bed-sharing during the first 6 months is not associated with positive or negative outcomes about infant-mother attachment, infant behavior, maternal bonding, or sensitive parenting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayten Bilgin
- School of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Dieter Wolke
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Division of Mental Health and Wellbeing, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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4
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Does Bed Sharing with an Infant Influence Parents’ Sexual Life? A Scoping Review in Western Countries. SEXES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/sexes2040032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bed sharing—the sharing of a sleeping surface by parents and children—is a common, yet controversial, practice. While most research has focused on the public health aspect of this practice, much less is known regarding its effect on the marital relationship. The aim of the present study was to conduct a scoping review on the impact of parent–infant bed sharing sleeping practices on the sexual and marital relationship of couples. The qualitative synthesis of six studies on this topic suggests that overall, bed sharing does not exert a significant negative impact on family functioning; when it does, it appears to be related to incongruent parental beliefs and expectations, especially when bed sharing is not an intentional choice of sleep arrangement, and there are other confounding factors such as fatigue and psychological distress. Suggestions for future studies and clinical implications are discussed.
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MacFarlane M, Thompson JMD, Mitchell EA, Lawton B, McLardy EM, Jonas SD, Tepania-Palmer G, Roa T, Warren G, Jowsey T. Pēpē-infant sleep practices and sudden unexpected death in infancy in Aotearoa New Zealand. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2021; 155:305-317. [PMID: 34473352 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.13910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore pēpē [infant] sleep practices and the key motivators among selected Māori and non-Māori māmā [mothers] in Auckland, New Zealand, in relation to the risk of sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI). METHODS Qualitative research underpinned by a kaupapa Māori cultural framework was undertaken. In-depth face-to-face interviews occurred in the homes of māmā with young pēpē born in Counties Manukau, Auckland. Interview transcripts were analyzed using general purpose thematic analysis. RESULTS Thirty māmā participated, including 17 Māori. Two-thirds of māmā reported previous or current bed sharing. The fundamental human need for adequate sleep motivated half the māmā in the present study, and especially Māori māmā, to bed share. The second most common reason given was closeness and convenience. This was followed by breastfeeding, which was cited as a reason by Māori māmā only. These findings were interpreted in terms of intrinsic fear, culture, and māmā deployment of knowledge. CONCLUSION Service providers are encouraged to respond to the lived experiences and cultural realities, values, and beliefs of māmā when designing and delivering effective SUDI prevention interventions. Innovative approaches for providing structured and opportunistic, culturally appropriate education and support around safe sleep are likely to be well-received by māmā and their whānau [family/ies].
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie MacFarlane
- Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, Te Whare Wānanga o Tāmaki Makaurau-University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John M D Thompson
- Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, Te Whare Wānanga o Tāmaki Makaurau-University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Edwin A Mitchell
- Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, Te Whare Wānanga o Tāmaki Makaurau-University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Beverley Lawton
- Te Tātai Hauora O Hine-Centre for Women's Health Research, Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | - Tom Roa
- Te Pua Wānanga ki te Ao-Faculty of Māori and Indigenous Studies, Te Whare Wānanga o Waikato-University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | | | - Tanisha Jowsey
- Centre for Medical and Health Sciences Education, Te Whare Wānanga o Tāmaki Makaurau, Auckland, New Zealand
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6
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Rinsing with water for 1 min after milk formula increases plaque pH. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2021; 22:611-618. [PMID: 33423208 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-020-00598-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Parents find it challenging to follow recommendations to brush young children after feeds at night despite the increase caries risk. This study compared three clinical recommendations (dilution, rinsing and wiping) on plaque pH after formula consumption. METHODS Eighteen subjects were recruited. The five interventions with 2-week washout between visits included: Rinse with undiluted formula for 30 s (UF); rinse with 50% diluted formula for 30 s (DF); rinse with undiluted formula for 30 s, followed by rinsing with water for 1 minute (UF/R); rinse with undiluted formula for 30 s, followed by wiping (UF/W); rinse with 10% sucrose for 30 s as control (C). Plaque samples were collected at baseline, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 30 min after the intervention and pH measured using the plaque sampling method. RESULTS UF/R resulted in significantly smaller pH drops at 5, 10 and 20 min compared to UF. It also resulted in higher minimum pH (UF/R: 6.34 ± 0.36 Vs UF: 6.06 ± 0.40, p = 0.02), smaller maximum pH drop (UF/R: 0.63 ± 0.35 Vs UF: 0.90 ± 0.49, p = 0.03), smaller sum of change of hydrogen ion concentration (UF/R: 9.22 × 10-7 ± 7.8 × 10-7 Vs UF: 2.30 × 10-6 ± 2.6 × 10-6, p = 0.04), and smaller area under the curve (UF/R: 7.70 ± 5.44 Vs UF: 13.44 ± 9.44, p = 0.02). DF and UF/W did not result in any significant pH change compared to UF. CONCLUSIONS Of the three clinical recommendations, only rinsing with water for 1 min after undiluted formula reduced plaque acidogenicity. Teeth wiping with a moist cloth and 50% dilution of infant formula did not have an effect on plaque acidity.
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Alahmadi TS, Sobaihi M, Banjari MA, Bakheet KMA, Modan Alghamdi SA, Alharbi AS. Are Safe Sleep Practice Recommendations For Infants Being Applied Among Caregivers? Cureus 2020; 12:e12133. [PMID: 33489545 PMCID: PMC7811499 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.12133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is defined as the sudden unexpected death of an infant, even after investigations and autopsy. SIDS is related to many factors, such as the baby’s position and objects in the crib. Adherence to safe sleep recommendations in Saudi Arabia is unclear. This study aims to assess caregivers’ implementation of safe sleep practices and if they received any safe sleep education through health care workers. Methods This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study. Inclusion criteria included all infants below the age of one year. Exclusion criteria included infants who were born premature, used ventilation, had a tracheostomy, any anomaly in the upper airway, or underwent spine surgery. A semi-structured questionnaire was used. Data were collected from mothers who had infants visiting the outpatient department of King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. An electronic survey was also created and published on a social platform. Statistical analysis was conducted with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 26 (IBM SPSS Statistics, Armonk, NY). Results Among 506 participants, only 22.5% were found to receive education about safe practices from health care providers. Fortunately, most of the infants (63.2%) were found to sleep in a supine position most of the nights. Adherent caregivers to placing the child in a designated baby bed and in a supine position most nights represented 44.86% of the sample. However, when asked about placing any of the following objects in the bed (pillows, blankets, soft toys, hard toys, and electric wires), the percentage of adherence dropped down to only 1.58%. Conclusion There was an obvious non-adherence among caregivers and a possible lack of knowledge of safe sleep recommendations for infants. This highlights the need for optimal education by health care workers and the rule of media and campaigns is obvious and essential to improving their practices and, hopefully, decreasing the risk of SIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turki S Alahmadi
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU.,Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, SAU
| | - Mrouge Sobaihi
- Pediatric Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Maysaa A Banjari
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | | | - Adel S Alharbi
- Pediatric Department, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, SAU
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Lerner RE, Camerota M, Tully KP, Propper C. Associations between mother-infant bed-sharing practices and infant affect and behavior during the still-face paradigm. Infant Behav Dev 2020; 60:101464. [PMID: 32650137 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2020.101464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Parents in the United States increasingly report bed-sharing with their infants (i.e., sleeping on a shared sleep surface), but the relationship between bed-sharing and child socioemotional outcomes are not well understood. The current study examines the links between mother-infant bed-sharing at 3 months and infant affect and behavior during a dyadic challenge task at 6 months. Further, we examine nighttime mother-infant contact at 3 months as a possible mechanism that may mediate linkages between bed-sharing and infant outcomes. Using observational data from a sample of 63 mother-infant dyads, we found that infants who bed-shared for any proportion of the observation period at 3 months displayed significantly more self-regulatory behaviors during the still-face episode of the Still-Face Paradigm (SFP) at 6 months, compared to non-bed-sharing infants. Also, infants of mothers who bed-shared for the entire observation period displayed significantly less negativity during the reunion episode than non-bed-sharing infants. There was no evidence that the relations between mother-infant bed-sharing practices and infant affect and behavior during the SFP were mediated through nighttime mother-infant contact. Results suggest that infant regulation at 6 months postpartum may vary based on early nighttime experiences, with bed-sharing potentially promoting more positive and well-regulated behavior during dyadic interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Lerner
- Frances L. Hiatt School of Psychology, Clark University, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - Marie Camerota
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Kristin P Tully
- Center for Maternal and Infant Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Cathi Propper
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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9
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Waynforth D. Mother-Infant Co-Sleeping and Maternally Reported Infant Breathing Distress in the UK Millennium Cohort. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17092985. [PMID: 32344849 PMCID: PMC7246529 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17092985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mother-infant co-sleeping or bed sharing is discouraged by health organisations due to evidence that it is associated with unexplained sudden infant death. On the other hand, there is evidence that it should theoretically be beneficial for infants. One line of this evidence concerns breathing regulation, which at night is influenced by the rocking movement of the mother's chest as she breathes. Here, the hypothesis that mother-infant co-sleeping will be associated with a lower probability of infant breathing distress is tested in the UK Millennium Cohort Study (n = 18,552 infants). Maternal, infant, family, and socio-economic covariates were included in logistic regression analysis, and in a machine learning algorithm (Random Forest) to make full use of the number of variables available in the birth cohort study data. Results from logistic regression analysis showed that co-sleeping was associated with a reduced risk of breathing difficulties (OR = 0.69, p = 0.027). The Random Forest algorithm placed high importance on socio-economic aspects of infant environment, and indicated that a number of maternal, child, and environmental variables predicted breathing distress. Co-sleeping by itself was not high in the Random Forest variable importance ranking. Together, the results suggest that co-sleeping may be associated with a modest reduction in risk of infant breathing difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Waynforth
- School of Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast 4229, Australia
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10
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Blair PS, Ball HL, McKenna JJ, Feldman-Winter L, Marinelli KA, Bartick MC, Noble L, Calhoun S, Elliott-Rudder M, Kair LR, Lappin S, Larson I, Lawrence RA, Lefort Y, Marshall N, Mitchell K, Murak C, Myers E, Reece-Stremtan S, Rosen-Carole C, Rothenberg S, Schmidt T, Seo T, Sriraman N, Stehel EK, Wight N, Wonodi A. Bedsharing and Breastfeeding: The Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Protocol #6, Revision 2019. Breastfeed Med 2020; 15:5-16. [PMID: 31898916 DOI: 10.1089/bfm.2019.29144.psb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A central goal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine is the development of clinical protocols for managing common medical problems that may impact breastfeeding success. These protocols serve only as guidelines for the care of breastfeeding mothers and infants and do not delineate an exclusive course of treatment or serve as standards of medical care. Variations in treatment may be appropriate according to the needs of an individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Blair
- Centre for Academic Child Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Helen L Ball
- Infancy and Sleep Centre, Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - James J McKenna
- Department of Anthropology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California.,Mother-Baby Sleep Lab, Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Lori Feldman-Winter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey
| | - Kathleen A Marinelli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut.,Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Division of Neonatology, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Melissa C Bartick
- Department of Medicine, Cambridge Health Alliance and Harvard Medical School, Cambridge Massachusetts
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11
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Marinelli KA, Ball HL, McKenna JJ, Blair PS. An Integrated Analysis of Maternal-Infant Sleep, Breastfeeding, and Sudden Infant Death Syndrome Research Supporting a Balanced Discourse. J Hum Lact 2019; 35:510-520. [PMID: 31184521 DOI: 10.1177/0890334419851797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Breastfeeding and the place of sleep for the mother and the infant have been controversial internationally due to reported concerns regarding infant deaths despite the known benefits of exclusive and prolonged breastfeeding, which are increased by breastfeeding at night. The aims of this integrated analysis were to (a) review breastfeeding and maternal and infant sleep research literature via historical, epidemiological, anthropological, and methodological lenses; (b) use this information to determine where we are currently in safeguarding both infant lives and breastfeeding; and (c) postulate the direction that research might take from this point forward to improve our knowledge and inform our policy and practice. Despite well-meaning but unsuccessful campaigns in some countries to dissuade parents from sleeping with their babies, many breastfeeding mothers and caregivers do sleep with their infants whether intentionally or unintentionally. Taking cultural contexts and socio-ecological circumstances into consideration, data supports policies to counsel parents and caregivers on safe sleep practices, including bed-sharing in non-hazardous circumstances, particularly in the absence of parental smoking, recent parental alcohol consumption, or sleeping next to an adult on a sofa. Further research with appropriate methodology is needed to drill down on actual rates of infant deaths, paying close attention to the definitions of deaths, the circumstances of the deaths, and confounding factors, in order to ensure we have the best information with which to derive public health policy. Introduction and use of the concept of "breastsleeping" is a plausible way to remove the negative connotations of "co-sleeping" and redirect ongoing data-driven discussions and education of best practices of breastfeeding and sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen L Ball
- 2 Infancy & Sleep Centre, Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - James J McKenna
- 3 Mother-Baby Behavioral Sleep Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Peter S Blair
- 4 Centre of Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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12
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Ball HL, Tomori C, McKenna JJ. Toward an Integrated Anthropology of Infant Sleep. AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/aman.13284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Helen L. Ball
- Director, Parent–Infant Sleep LabDepartment of Anthropology, Durham University Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Cecilia Tomori
- Assistant Professor, Parent–Infant Sleep LabDepartment of Anthropology, Durham University Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - James J. McKenna
- Director, Mother–Baby Sleep Lab, Department of AnthropologyUniversity of Notre Dame South Bend Indiana USA
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13
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Harries V, Brown A. The association between baby care books that promote strict care routines and infant feeding, night-time care, and maternal-infant interactions. MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION 2019; 15:e12858. [PMID: 31216386 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Baby care books that promote strict infant care routines are popular, but little research has considered their impact upon maternal infant care behaviours. We explored whether mothers who have read these books guide their infant care behaviours based on their concepts and how this is associated with infant feeding, night-time care, and response to infant's needs. Three hundred and fifty-four U.K. mothers with a baby aged 0-12 months completed an online questionnaire exploring use of baby care books, motivations for use, whether guidance was followed, and infant care behaviours. Mothers who read the books were drawn to them for information about how to settle their infant, infant sleep, and infant feeding behaviour. Those who read the books were less likely to breastfeed, feed responsively, have their infant sleep in the same room, cuddle their infant to sleep, or respond promptly to infant cries. Although the causality between reading these books and care cannot be determined through this study design, and is likely bidirectional with some reading the books to confirm existing preferences, around 25-40% of mothers noted the information determined their care decisions. Regardless of specific causal pathways, there is an association between these books and behaviours that go against infant feeding and responsive care recommendations. Understanding what drives mothers to follow these books and increasing support for new mothers in these areas is important. The findings will be important for those supporting mothers in the perinatal period in starting conversations around responsive infant care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Harries
- Department of Biological Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Public Health, Policy and Social Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.,Centre for Lactation, Infant Feeding and Translation research (LIFT), Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Amy Brown
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Social Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.,Centre for Lactation, Infant Feeding and Translation research (LIFT), Swansea University, Swansea, UK
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14
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Tokutake C, Haga A, Sakaguchi K, Samejima A, Yoneyama M, Yokokawa Y, Ohira M, Ichikawa M, Kanai M. Infant Suffocation Incidents Related to Co-Sleeping or Breastfeeding in the Side-Lying Position in Japan. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2018; 246:121-130. [PMID: 30369557 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.246.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Co-sleeping and breastfeeding in the side-lying position have recently been pointed out as risk factors for suffocation in sleeping infants; however, there is no actual report on an "incident." "Incident" is defined as a tense or sobering experience without a consequential fatal suffocation accident. It is important to understand infant suffocation incidents to prevent accidents during co-sleeping and breastfeeding in the side-lying position. We investigated factors and frequency of infant suffocation incidents associated with co-sleeping and breastfeeding in the side-lying position using a self-administered questionnaire survey of 895 mothers during their infant's 1-, 4-, or 10-month health checkups. Co-sleeping and breastfeeding in the side-lying position were practiced by 28.3% and 56.0% of mothers, respectively; thus, 84.3% of the mothers surveyed were practicing either co-sleeping or breastfeeding in the side-lying position. Of those who received guidance from a medical professional, 36.1% practiced only co-sleeping while 60.1% practiced only side-lying breastfeeding. In the co-sleeping group, 10.6% had faced infant suffocation incidents, while 13.2% in the breastfeeding in the side-lying position group had faced similar incidents. Regarding factors associated with suffocation incidents while co-sleeping, the frequency of occurrence was significantly more in mothers of 1-month and 4-month-old infants compared with those of 10-month-old infants. Of mothers who faced suffocation incidents while breastfeeding in the side-lying position, 45% also had faced similar incidents while co-sleeping. These results demonstrate the importance of thoroughly educating mothers about the risks associated with co-sleeping and breastfeeding in the side-lying position for preventing infant suffocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitaru Tokutake
- School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine
| | - Akiko Haga
- School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine
| | - Kesami Sakaguchi
- School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine
| | - Atsuko Samejima
- School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine
| | - Miki Yoneyama
- School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine
| | | | - Masayoshi Ohira
- School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine
| | - Motoki Ichikawa
- School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine
| | - Makoto Kanai
- School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University School of Medicine
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15
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Baddock SA, Purnell MT, Blair PS, Pease AS, Elder DE, Galland BC. The influence of bed-sharing on infant physiology, breastfeeding and behaviour: A systematic review. Sleep Med Rev 2018; 43:106-117. [PMID: 30553183 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This review aimed to better understand the underlying physiology of the risks and benefits of bed-sharing. Eight databases were searched using terms relating to adult-infant/baby, bed-sharing/co-sleeping combined with outcome terms for physiology, sleep, cardiovascular, respiratory, temperature and behaviour. Of 836 papers identified, 59 papers representing 48 cohorts met inclusion criteria. Objective data using various methodologies were available in 27 papers and subjective data in 32 papers. Diverse measures were reported using variable definitions of bed-sharing. Identified physiological and behavioural differences between bed-sharing and cot-sleeping included increased behavioural arousals, warmer in-bed temperatures and increased breastfeeding duration in bedshare infants as well as differences in infant overnight sleep architecture, cardiorespiratory control and cortisol responses to stress. We concluded that many differences are context-specific, and dependent on the subjective view of the parents and their cultural values. Objective risk arises if the infant is unable to mount an appropriate physiological or behavioural response to their micro-environment. More studies in the bed-sharing setting are needed to identify infant risk, the potential benefits of a safer environment, and how bed-sharing interacts with infant care practices other than sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter S Blair
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Anna S Pease
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Dawn E Elder
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Barbara C Galland
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, New Zealand.
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16
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Cunningham HM, Vally H, Bugeja L. Bed-Sharing in the First 8 Weeks of Life: An Australian Study. Matern Child Health J 2018; 22:556-564. [DOI: 10.1007/s10995-017-2424-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Thompson JMD, Tanabe K, Moon RY, Mitchell EA, McGarvey C, Tappin D, Blair PS, Hauck FR. Duration of Breastfeeding and Risk of SIDS: An Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis. Pediatrics 2017; 140:peds.2017-1324. [PMID: 29084835 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2017-1324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is a leading cause of postneonatal infant mortality. Our previous meta-analyses showed that any breastfeeding is protective against SIDS with exclusive breastfeeding conferring a stronger effect.The duration of breastfeeding required to confer a protective effect is unknown. OBJECTIVE To assess the associations between breastfeeding duration and SIDS. DATA SOURCES Individual-level data from 8 case-control studies. STUDY SELECTION Case-control SIDS studies with breastfeeding data. DATA EXTRACTION Breastfeeding variables, demographic factors, and other potential confounders were identified. Individual-study and pooled analyses were performed. RESULTS A total of 2267 SIDS cases and 6837 control infants were included. In multivariable pooled analysis, breastfeeding for <2 months was not protective (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.91, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.68-1.22). Any breastfeeding ≥2 months was protective, with greater protection seen with increased duration (2-4 months: aOR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.44-0.82; 4-6 months: aOR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.26-0.63; and >6 months: aOR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.22-0.61). Although exclusive breastfeeding for <2 months was not protective (aOR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.59-1.14), longer periods were protective (2-4 months: aOR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.42-0.87; 4-6 months: aOR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.29-0.74). LIMITATIONS The variables collected in each study varied slightly, limiting our ability to include all studies in the analysis and control for all confounders. CONCLUSIONS Breastfeeding duration of at least 2 months was associated with half the risk of SIDS. Breastfeeding does not need to be exclusive to confer this protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M D Thompson
- Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand;
| | | | - Rachel Y Moon
- Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Edwin A Mitchell
- Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cliona McGarvey
- National Paediatric Mortality Register, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Tappin
- Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; and
| | - Peter S Blair
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Mindell JA, Leichman ES, Walters RM. Sleep location and parent-perceived sleep outcomes in older infants. Sleep Med 2017; 39:1-7. [PMID: 29157579 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Initial studies indicate more independent and consolidated sleep in the first few months in infants who sleep separately. Little is known, however, about the relationship of sleep location (separate room, room-sharing, bed-sharing) with sleep outcomes in older infants (ages 6-12 months). It was expected that those who sleep in a separate room would have better parent-perceived sleep outcomes and more positive sleep health behaviors. METHODS Parents of 6236 infants (6-12 months) in the United States (US) and 3798 in an international sample (Australia, Brazil, Canada, Great Britain, and New Zealand) completed a smartphone app-based expanded version of the validated Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 37.2% of the infants in the US and 48.4% in the international sample slept in a separate room. In both samples, infants who slept in a separate room as opposed to room-sharing or bed-sharing had parent-perceived sleep outcomes and sleep-related behaviors that reflected earlier bedtimes, shorter time to fall asleep, more nighttime and total sleep, and increased sleep consolidation. They were also more likely to have a consistent bedtime routine and to fall asleep independently, as well as less likely to feed to sleep at bedtime and during the night. In addition, parents of separate room sleepers perceived bedtime to be less difficult and sleep to be better overall. CONCLUSIONS Overall, 6- to 12-month-old infants who slept in a separate room had better reported sleep outcomes and fewer parent-perceived disturbances at bedtime than infants who room-shared with their parents, as well compared to those who slept in their parents' bed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi A Mindell
- Psychology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Sleep Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Erin S Leichman
- Psychology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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19
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Peters EM, Lusher JM, Banbury S, Chandler C. RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN BREAST-FEEDING, CO-SLEEPING, AND SOMATIC COMPLAINTS IN EARLY CHILDHOOD. Infant Ment Health J 2016; 37:574-83. [PMID: 27552361 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The central aim of this study was to expand a limited body of knowledge on the complex relationship between breast-feeding, co-sleeping, and somatic complaints in early childhood. An opportunity sample of 98 parents from the general population with children aged 18 to 60 months consented to participate in the study. Each parent completed a series of questionnaires measuring somatic complaints, sleep problems, co-sleeping, breast-feeding, and demographic factors. Findings indicated that co-sleeping was associated with increased somatic complaints and that breast-feeding associated with decreased somatic complaints. Co-sleeping also was found to be associated with an increase in sleep problems. Boys demonstrated significantly higher levels of sleep problems than did girls. These findings highlight the relationship between co-sleeping during early childhood, which could have implications for prevention, treatment, and intervention regarding somatic complaints and sleep problems in early childhood.
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20
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Smith LA, Geller NL, Kellams AL, Colson ER, Rybin DV, Heeren T, Corwin MJ. Infant Sleep Location and Breastfeeding Practices in the United States, 2011-2014. Acad Pediatr 2016; 16:540-9. [PMID: 26851615 PMCID: PMC6202582 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of breastfeeding and sleep location practices among US mothers and the factors associated with these behaviors, including advice received regarding these practices. METHODS A nationally representative sample of 3218 mothers who spoke English or Spanish were enrolled at a sample of 32 US birth hospitals between January 2011 and March 2014. RESULTS Exclusive breastfeeding was reported by 30.5% of mothers, while an additional 29.5% reported partial breastfeeding. The majority of mothers, 65.5%, reported usually room sharing without bed sharing, while 20.7% reported bed sharing. Compared to mothers who room shared without bed sharing, mothers who bed shared were more likely to report exclusive breastfeeding (adjusted odds ratio 2.46, 95% confidence interval 1.76, 3.45) or partial breastfeeding (adjusted odds ratio 1.75, 95% confidence interval 1.33, 2.31). The majority of mothers reported usually room sharing without bed sharing regardless of feeding practices, including 58.2% of exclusively breastfeeding mothers and 70.0% of nonbreastfeeding mothers. Receiving advice regarding sleep location or breastfeeding increased adherence to recommendations in a dose response manner (the adjusted odds of room sharing without bed sharing and exclusive breastfeeding increased as the relevant advice score increased); however, receiving advice regarding sleep location did not affect feeding practices. CONCLUSIONS Many mothers have not adopted the recommended infant sleep location or feeding practices. Receiving advice from multiple sources appears to promote adherence in a dose response manner. Many women are able to both breastfeed and room share without bed sharing, and advice to adhere to both of these recommendations did not decrease breastfeeding rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole L Geller
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Mass
| | - Ann L Kellams
- Well Newborn and Breastfeeding Medicine Services, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va
| | - Eve R Colson
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Denis V Rybin
- Data Coordinating Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
| | - Timothy Heeren
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Mass
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Ball HL, Howel D, Bryant A, Best E, Russell C, Ward-Platt M. Bed-sharing by breastfeeding mothers: who bed-shares and what is the relationship with breastfeeding duration? Acta Paediatr 2016; 105:628-34. [PMID: 26848117 DOI: 10.1111/apa.13354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM To explore the link between breastfeeding duration and bed-sharing frequency among women reporting a prenatal intention to breastfeed. METHODS About 870 participants in a randomised breastfeeding trial, recruited at mid-pregnancy, provided weekly snapshots of breastfeeding and bed-sharing behaviour for 26 weeks following birth. Strength of prenatal breastfeeding intent was recorded at recruitment using Likert-type scales. RESULTS Outcomes were frequency of bed-sharing at home for at least one hour per week, and time to cessation of breastfeeding. There were insufficient data to classify bed-sharing pattern in 192/870 (22%) of mothers. Of the remainder, 44% (299/678) of participants 'rarely' or 'never' bed-shared, 28% (192/678) did so 'intermittently' and 28% (187/678) did so 'often'. These three groups did not differ significantly in marital status, income, infant gestational age, maternal age or delivery mode. Significantly, more participants who bed-shared 'often' reported strong prenatal breastfeeding intent (70% vs. 57% and 56% for 'intermittent' and 'rare' bed-share groups) and attached high prenatal importance to breastfeeding (95% vs. 87% and 82%). Significantly, more women who bed-shared frequently were breastfeeding at 6 months (p < 0.0001) than those who intermittently or rarely/never bed-shared. CONCLUSION Women with strong motivation to breastfeed frequently bed-share. Given the complex relationship between bed-sharing and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) appropriate guidance balancing risk minimisation with support for breastfeeding mothers is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L. Ball
- Parent-Infant Sleep Lab; Department of Anthropology; Durham University; Durham UK
| | - Denise Howel
- Institute of Health and Society; Baddiley Clark building; Newcastle University; Newcastle Upon Tyne UK
| | - Andy Bryant
- Institute of Health and Society; Baddiley Clark building; Newcastle University; Newcastle Upon Tyne UK
| | - Elspeth Best
- Department of Paediatrics; St John's Hospital; Howden Lothian Scotland
| | - Charlotte Russell
- Parent-Infant Sleep Lab; Department of Anthropology; Durham University; Durham UK
| | - Martin Ward-Platt
- Newcastle Neonatal Service; Royal Victoria Infirmary; Newcastle Upon Tyne UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Blair
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
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23
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Lau A, Hall W. Safe sleep, day and night: mothers' experiences regarding infant sleep safety. J Clin Nurs 2016; 25:2816-26. [PMID: 27198898 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.13322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annie Lau
- Vancouver Coastal Health; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - Wendy Hall
- School of Nursing; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
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Parent-child bed-sharing: The good, the bad, and the burden of evidence. Sleep Med Rev 2016; 32:4-27. [PMID: 27107752 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The practice of parent and child sharing a sleeping surface, or 'bed-sharing', is one of the most controversial topics in parenting research. The lay literature has popularized and polarized this debate, offering on one hand claims of dangers, and on the other, of benefits - both physical and psychological - associated with bed-sharing. To address the scientific evidence behind such claims, we systematically reviewed 659 published papers (peer-reviewed, editorial pieces, and commentaries) on the topic of parent-child bed-sharing. Our review offers a narrative walkthrough of the many subdomains of bed-sharing research, including its many correlates (e.g., socioeconomic and cultural factors) and purported risks or outcomes (e.g., sudden infant death syndrome, sleep problems). We found general design limitations and a lack of convincing evidence in the literature, which preclude making strong generalizations. A heat-map based on 98 eligible studies aids the reader to visualize world-wide prevalence in bed-sharing and highlights the need for further research in societies where bed-sharing is the norm. We urge for multiple subfields - anthropology, psychology/psychiatry, and pediatrics - to come together with the aim of understanding infant sleep and how nightly proximity to the parents influences children's social, emotional, and physical development.
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Norton PJ, Valentine KD. A Retrospective Study on Infant Bed-sharing in a Clinical Practice Located in an Urban Cluster. MISSOURI MEDICINE 2016; 113:141-7. [PMID: 27311226 PMCID: PMC6139953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This retrospective study evaluates infant bed-sharing at a Missouri family practice with OB care. METHODS After Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval, data were extracted from the first four well-child visits of 2374 infants between Sept. 2003 and Dec. 20 11. RESULTS Bed-sharing decreased after 2005 (25%, 39%, respectively, p = 0.000). For infants who bed-shared, the frequency of bed-sharing did not decline. CONCLUSIONS Nearly 20% of infants bed-share before the first visit; safe sleep prenatal education is warranted.
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Huang XN, Wang HS, Chang JJ, Wang LH, Liu XC, Jiang JX, An L. Feeding methods, sleep arrangement, and infant sleep patterns: a Chinese population-based study. World J Pediatr 2016; 12:66-75. [PMID: 25754749 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-015-0012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Findings from prior research into the effect of feeding methods on infant sleep are inconsistent. The objectives of this study were to examine infants' sleep patterns by feeding methods and sleep arrangement from birth to eight months old. METHODS This longitudinal cohort study enrolled 524 pregnant women at 34-41 weeks of gestation and their infants after delivery in 2006 and followed up until eight months postpartum. The study subjects were recruited from nine women and children hospitals in nine cities in China (Beijing, Chongqing, Wuhan, Changsha, Nanning, Xiamen, Xi'an, Jinan, and Hailin). Participating infants were followed up weekly during the first month and monthly from the second to the eighth month after birth. Twenty-four hour sleep diaries recording infants' sleeping and feeding methods were administered based on caregiver's self-report. Multivariable mixed growth curve models were fitted to estimate the effects of feeding methods and sleep arrangement on infants' sleep patterns over time, controlling for maternal and paternal age, maternal and paternal education level, household income, supplementation of complementary food, and infant birth weight and length. RESULTS Exclusively formula fed infants had the greatest sleep percentage/24 h, followed by exclusively breast milk fed infants and partially breast milk fed infants (P<0.01). Night waking followed a similar pattern. However, the differences in sleep percentage and night waking frequency between exclusively formula and exclusively breast milk fed infants weakened over time as infants developed. In addition, compared to infants with bed-sharing sleep arrangement, those with room sharing sleep arrangement had greater daytime and 24-hour infant sleep percentage, whereas those with sleeping alone sleep arrangement had greater nighttime sleep percentage. CONCLUSIONS Our data based on caregiver's self-report suggested that partial breastfeeding and bed-sharing may be associated with less sleep in infants. Health care professionals need to work with parents of newborns to develop coping strategies that will help prevent early weaning of breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Na Huang
- Department of Children Health, National Center for Maternal and Children Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Shan Wang
- Department of Children Health, National Center for Maternal and Children Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jen-Jen Chang
- Department of Epidemiology, Saint Louis University College for Public Health and Social Justice, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lin-Hong Wang
- The National Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
| | - Xi-Cheng Liu
- Bronchoscopy Center, Affiliated Children Hospital of Beijing Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Xiong Jiang
- Department of Children Health, National Center for Maternal and Children Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lin An
- Department of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Oras P, Blomqvist YT, Nyqvist KH, Gradin M, Rubertsson C, Hellström-Westas L, Funkquist EL. Breastfeeding Patterns in Preterm Infants Born at 28-33 Gestational Weeks. J Hum Lact 2015; 31:377-85. [PMID: 25956792 DOI: 10.1177/0890334415586406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies of breastfeeding patterns during preterm infants' first year of life are scarce but are important for providing breastfeeding mothers of preterm infants with optimal support. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to describe breastfeeding patterns in preterm infants up to 1 year of corrected age. METHODS As part of a larger study on kangaroo mother care in Sweden, a 24-hour breastfeeding diary was sent home after discharge from hospital, and at 2, 6, and 12 months of the infant's corrected age. Eighty-three mothers responded to the follow-up questionnaires, and the number of respondents to the breastfeeding diary was 48 at discharge, 43 at 2 months, 22 at 6 months, and 8 at 12 months. Infants were born at a median (range) gestational age of 32 (28-33) weeks. Breastfeeding patterns were analyzed according to durations, frequencies per 24 hours, and intervals between sessions. RESULTS In exclusively breastfed infants, the median (range) breastfeeding session frequency was 14 (8-26) times per 24 hours including 4 (1-9) times per night after discharge (n = 24) and 10 (6-25) times per 24 hours including 2 (0-5) times per night at 2 months (n = 23). In partially breastfed infants, the median (range) frequency was 5 (1-14) times per 24 hours including 2 (0-4) times per night at 6 months (n = 20) and 5.5 (1-12) times per 24 hours including 2 (0-3) times per night at 12 months (n = 8). CONCLUSION Mothers reported large variations in breastfeeding patterns, with higher median breastfeeding session frequencies than previously described in term infants in affluent settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Oras
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | - Maria Gradin
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Christine Rubertsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Eva-Lotta Funkquist
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Fleming P, Pease A, Blair P. Bed-sharing and unexpected infant deaths: what is the relationship? Paediatr Respir Rev 2015; 16:62-7. [PMID: 25464893 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
For much of human history infant survival has been largely predicated by close and continuous contact between the infant and the primary carer - almost always the mother. Many factors in post-industrial human society - notably tobacco smoking, alcohol intake and the use of recreational drugs- have been associated with increased risk to infants sleeping in close proximity to their mothers. This is particularly true for mothers who choose not to breastfeed. The question of the risks and possible benefits of bed-sharing for mothers who plan to breastfeed, do not smoke, do not drink alcohol or take recreational drugs, and are aware of how to ensure a safe infant sleep environment need to be quantified. In this paper we review the evidence from several epidemiological studies and identify the factors that make bedsharing more or less hazardous for the infant. This analysis is important in allowing us to give parents accurate and unbiased information on which to make their own choices about optimal night time care of their infants without demonising normal parental behaviour or practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Fleming
- University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, Southwell St, Bristol BS2 8EG.
| | - Anna Pease
- University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, Southwell St, Bristol BS2 8EG
| | - Peter Blair
- University of Bristol, School of Social and Community Medicine, St Michael's Hospital, Southwell St, Bristol BS2 8EG
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29
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Luijk MPCM, Sonnenschein-van der Voort AMM, Mileva-Seitz VR, Jansen PW, Verhulst FC, Hofman A, Jaddoe VWV, de Jongste JC, van IJzendoorn MH, Duijts L, Tiemeier H. Is parent-child bed-sharing a risk for wheezing and asthma in early childhood? Eur Respir J 2014; 45:661-9. [PMID: 25504998 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.00041714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Household crowding can place young children at risk for respiratory infections which subsequently provoke asthma symptoms. However, crowding might also protect against asthma, in accordance with the hygiene hypothesis. We tested if parent-infant bed-sharing, an important dimension of household crowding, increases or decreases the risk for asthma. In a population-based prospective cohort (N = 6160) we assessed bed-sharing at 2 and 24 months; wheezing between 1 and 6 years of age; and asthma at 6 years of age. Generalised estimating equation models were used to assess repeated measures of wheezing and asthma. We found no association between bed-sharing in early infancy and wheezing or diagnosis of asthma. By contrast, we found a positive association between bed-sharing in toddlerhood and both wheezing (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.15-1.74) and asthma (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.03-2.38). Wheezing was not associated with bed-sharing when using cross-lagged modelling. This study suggests that bed-sharing in toddlerhood is associated with an increased risk of asthma at later ages, and not vice versa. Further studies are needed to explore the underlying causal mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maartje P C M Luijk
- School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Agnes M M Sonnenschein-van der Voort
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Dept of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Viara R Mileva-Seitz
- School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pauline W Jansen
- Dept of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Institute of Psychology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank C Verhulst
- Dept of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Dept of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Dept of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Dept of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan C de Jongste
- Dept of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marinus H van IJzendoorn
- School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Center for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Duijts
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Dept of Pediatrics, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Dept of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Dept of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Dept of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Dept of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Blair PS, Sidebotham P, Pease A, Fleming PJ. Bed-sharing in the absence of hazardous circumstances: is there a risk of sudden infant death syndrome? An analysis from two case-control studies conducted in the UK. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107799. [PMID: 25238618 PMCID: PMC4169572 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) among infants who co-sleep in the absence of hazardous circumstances is unclear and needs to be quantified. Design Combined individual-analysis of two population-based case-control studies of SIDS infants and controls comparable for age and time of last sleep. Setting Parents of 400 SIDS infants and 1386 controls provided information from five English health regions between 1993–6 (population: 17.7 million) and one of these regions between 2003–6 (population:4.9 million). Results Over a third of SIDS infants (36%) were found co-sleeping with an adult at the time of death compared to 15% of control infants after the reference sleep (multivariate OR = 3.9 [95% CI: 2.7–5.6]). The multivariable risk associated with co-sleeping on a sofa (OR = 18.3 [95% CI: 7.1–47.4]) or next to a parent who drank more than two units of alcohol (OR = 18.3 [95% CI: 7.7–43.5]) was very high and significant for infants of all ages. The risk associated with co-sleeping next to someone who smoked was significant for infants under 3 months old (OR = 8.9 [95% CI: 5.3–15.1]) but not for older infants (OR = 1.4 [95% CI: 0.7–2.8]). The multivariable risk associated with bed-sharing in the absence of these hazards was not significant overall (OR = 1.1 [95% CI: 0.6–2.0]), for infants less than 3 months old (OR = 1.6 [95% CI: 0.96–2.7]), and was in the direction of protection for older infants (OR = 0.1 [95% CI: 0.01–0.5]). Dummy use was associated with a lower risk of SIDS only among co-sleepers and prone sleeping was a higher risk only among infants sleeping alone. Conclusion These findings support a public health strategy that underlines specific hazardous co-sleeping environments parents should avoid. Sofa-sharing is not a safe alternative to bed-sharing and bed-sharing should be avoided if parents consume alcohol, smoke or take drugs or if the infant is pre-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S. Blair
- School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Anna Pease
- School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Fleming
- School of Social & Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Salm Ward TC, Ngui EM. Factors Associated with Bed-Sharing for African American and White Mothers in Wisconsin. Matern Child Health J 2014; 19:720-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s10995-014-1545-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Das RR, Sankar MJ, Agarwal R, Paul VK. Is "Bed Sharing" Beneficial and Safe during Infancy? A Systematic Review. Int J Pediatr 2014; 2014:468538. [PMID: 24678324 PMCID: PMC3941230 DOI: 10.1155/2014/468538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. There is conflicting evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of bed sharing during infancy-while it has been shown to facilitate breastfeeding and provide protection against hypothermia, it has been identified as a risk factor for SIDS. Methods. A systematic search of major databases was conducted. Eligible studies were observational studies that enrolled infants in the first 4 weeks of life and followed them up for a variable period of time thereafter. Results. A total of 21 studies were included. Though the quality of evidence was low, bed sharing was found to be associated with higher breastfeeding rates at 4 weeks of age (75.5% versus 50%, OR 3.09 (95% CI 2.67 to 3.58), P = 0.043) and an increased risk of SIDS (23.3% versus 11.2%, OR 2.36 (95% CI 1.97 to 2.83), P = 0.025). Majority of the studies were from developed countries, and the effect was almost consistent across the studies. Conclusion. There is low quality evidence that bed sharing is associated with higher breast feeding rates at 4 weeks of age and an increased risk of SIDS. We need more studies that look at bed sharing, breast feeding, and hazardous circumstance that put babies at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Ranjan Das
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar 751019, India
| | - M. Jeeva Sankar
- Newborn Health and Knowledge Centre (NHKC), Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Ramesh Agarwal
- Newborn Health and Knowledge Centre (NHKC), Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Vinod Kumar Paul
- Newborn Health and Knowledge Centre (NHKC), Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
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Luijk MP, Mileva-Seitz VR, Jansen PW, van IJzendoorn MH, Jaddoe VW, Raat H, Hofman A, Verhulst FC, Tiemeier H. Ethnic differences in prevalence and determinants of mother–child bed-sharing in early childhood. Sleep Med 2013; 14:1092-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2013.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Ball HL, Volpe LE. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) risk reduction and infant sleep location – Moving the discussion forward. Soc Sci Med 2013; 79:84-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Galbally M, Lewis AJ, McEgan K, Scalzo K, Islam FA. Breastfeeding and infant sleep patterns: an Australian population study. J Paediatr Child Health 2013; 49:E147-52. [PMID: 23331519 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to determine if babies breastfed at 6 months of age were more likely to wake at night and less likely to sleep alone than formula-fed babies. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data were drawn from the first wave of The Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, an ongoing, nationally representative study of the growth and development of Australia's children. The 4507 participants met the criteria for this study. The measures examined infant sleep problems as the outcome and breastfeeding at 6 months of age as the exposure in addition to the demographic data, maternal mental health, infant birthweight and gestational age at delivery. RESULTS After adjustment for covariates, reports by mothers of infants that breastfed at 6 months of age suggested infants were 66% more likely to wake during the night and 72% more likely to report difficulty sleeping alone. However, breastfeeding had a strongly protective effect on wheezing, coughing, snoring and breathing problems, and it was not associated with restless sleep or problems getting to sleep for the infant. CONCLUSIONS Breastfeeding was found to be associated with increased night waking and this is consistent with other studies. There are biological reasons why this might be required to ensure breastfeeding continues to 6 months and beyond. The current low rates of sustained breastfeeding in many Western countries needs to be reconsidered in relation to parental and public health practices promoting prolonged nocturnal infant sleep patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Galbally
- Perinatal Mental Health Unit, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Ngale KMA, Santos IS, González-Chica DA, de Barros AJD, Matijasevich A. Bed-sharing and risk of hospitalisation due to pneumonia and diarrhoea in infancy: the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort. J Epidemiol Community Health 2012; 67:245-9. [PMID: 23100381 PMCID: PMC3585489 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2012-201145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between bed-sharing with the mother at 3 months of age and incidence of hospitalisation due to pneumonia and diarrhoea between 3 and 12 months. METHODS The 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort included all live births to mothers living in Pelotas, Brazil, in 2004. Information on bed-sharing was obtained at the 3-month follow-up visit, and on hospitalisations at the 12-month visit, both based on mothers' reports. Only singleton infants with complete information on hospitalisation were analysed. RESULTS 3906 infants were included. The bed-sharing prevalence at 3 months was 46.4% (95% CI 44.9 to 48.0%). The incidence of pneumonia admissions between 3 and 12 months was 3.6% (95% CI 3.3 to 4.2%) and diarrhoea, 0.9% (95% CI 0.6 to 1.2%). In crude analyses, bed-sharing with the mother was associated with higher incidence of hospitalisation due to both pneumonia and diarrhoea. There was interaction between bed-sharing and duration of breastfeeding regarding the chance of admission due to pneumonia. Among infants breastfed for 3 months or less, the chance of hospitalisation due to pneumonia among bed-sharers was almost twice as high as among non-bed-sharers (adjusted OR 1.96; 95% CI 1.08 to 3.55). There was no association between bed-sharing and hospitalisation due to pneumonia among infants breastfed for longer than 3 months in crude or adjusted analyses. The association between bed-sharing and admissions due to diarrhoea lost statistical significance after allowing for confounders. CONCLUSIONS The effect of bed-sharing in infancy on the risk of hospitalisation due to pneumonia depends on breastfeeding, such that weaned children present higher risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kátia M A Ngale
- Postgraduate Epidemiology Program, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Ball HL, Moya E, Fairley L, Westman J, Oddie S, Wright J. Bed- and sofa-sharing practices in a UK biethnic population. Pediatrics 2012; 129:e673-81. [PMID: 22351888 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2011-1964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence and associations of bed- and sofa-sharing in a biethnic UK birth cohort. METHODS We surveyed 3082 participants in the Born in Bradford birth cohort study by using a telephone interview when infants were aged 2 to 4 months. We asked families about sleep surface sharing behaviors, and other sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI)-related behaviors. RESULTS There were 15.5% of families that had ever bed-shared, 7.2% of families regularly bed-shared, and 9.4% of families had ever sofa-shared with their infants; 1.4% reported both. Regular bed-sharers were more commonly Pakistani (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.02, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.96-4.66), had further or higher educational qualifications (aOR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.03-2.57), or breastfed for at least 8 weeks (aOR = 3.06, 95% CI 2.00-4.66). The association between breastfeeding and bed-sharing was greater among white British than Pakistani families. Sofa-sharing occurred in association with smoking (aOR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.14-2.80) and breastfeeding for more than 8 weeks (aOR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.19-2.58), and was less likely in Pakistani families (aOR = 0.21, 95% CI 0.14-0.31), or single-parent families (aOR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.29-0.87). CONCLUSIONS The data confirm that bed-sharing and sofa-sharing are distinct practices, which should not be combined in studies of unexpected infant deaths as a single exposure. The determinants of sleep-surface sharing differ between the UK Pakistani and UK majority communities, and from those of US minority communities. Caution is needed in generalizing SUDI/SIDS risk factors across populations with differing risk factor profiles, and care should be taken in adopting SUDI/SIDS reduction guidelines from other contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen L Ball
- Parent-Infant Sleep Laboratory & Medical Anthropology Research Group, Durham University, Durham, UK.
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Tollenaar MS, Beijers R, Jansen J, Riksen-Walraven JMA, de Weerth C. Solitary sleeping in young infants is associated with heightened cortisol reactivity to a bathing session but not to a vaccination. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2012; 37:167-77. [PMID: 21530088 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2011] [Accepted: 03/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this prospective longitudinal study, we investigated the relation between sleeping arrangements and infant cortisol reactivity to stressors in the first two post-natal months. Co-sleeping, as compared to solitary sleeping, is hypothesized to provide more parental external stress regulation by night, thus reducing general stress sensitivity. We therefore expected lower cortisol reactivity to stress in infants who co-slept more regularly. METHODS Participants were 163 mothers and infants from uncomplicated, singleton pregnancies. Mothers completed daily diaries on sleeping arrangements in the first 7 weeks of life. Co-sleeping was defined as sleeping in the parents' bedroom (i.e. own or parents' bed). Cortisol reactivity was measured twice: to a mild physical stressor (bathing session) at 5 weeks of age and to a mild pain stressor (vaccination) at 2 months of age. RESULTS Infants with a solitary sleeping arrangement in their first month of life showed a heightened cortisol response to the bathing session at 5 weeks compared to infants that co-slept regularly. This effect was not explained by breastfeeding practices, maternal caregiving behavior, or infants' night waking and sleep duration. No effects were found of co-sleeping on the cortisol response to the vaccination at 2 months. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that solitary sleeping in the first month of life is associated with heightened sensitivity of the HPA-axis to a mild stressor, possibly due to less nocturnal parental availability as external stress regulator. Whether this effect continues in later life, remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Tollenaar
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Behavioural Science Institute, Department of Developmental Psychology, Montessorilaan 3, 6525 HR Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Simpson JC, Nicholls J. Preventing unintentional childhood injury at home: injury circumstances and interventions. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2011; 19:141-51. [PMID: 22136531 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2011.635208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
New Zealand's (NZ) preschoolers carry the greatest injury burden among children aged 0-14 years. These injuries commonly occur at home. To identify how NZ addresses child injury the 1990s national injury datasets and associated free text were examined retrospectively, NZ injury circumstances and interventions were compared to internationally recognised hazards and best practice, and whether NZ interventions addressed common circumstances of injury was assessed. Certain injuries, often associated with activities of daily living, were not addressed by interventions, although most interventions advocated internationally are implemented in NZ. Possible reasons for main injuries not being addressed were the specificity and variable effectiveness of interventions, normality of many injury circumstances, difficulties in evaluating complex environments, and the need for active intervention. There is considerable scope for NZ to improve its child safety. It is unlikely that simple solutions will be found for complex circumstances in which injury events occur. Strategies to address multifaceted problems requiring changes to personal, social and societal factors are required, with evaluation methods able to match their complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean C Simpson
- Injury Prevention Research Unit, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, P O Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
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Gettler LT, McKenna JJ. Evolutionary perspectives on mother-infant sleep proximity and breastfeeding in a laboratory setting. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2011; 144:454-62. [PMID: 21302271 PMCID: PMC3057899 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.21426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Human maternal and infant biology likely coevolved in a context of close physical contact and some approximation of frequent, "infant-initiated" breastfeeding. Still, mothers and infants commonly sleep apart from one another in many western societies, indicating a possible "mismatch" between cultural norms and infant biology. Here we present data from a 3-night laboratory-based study that examines differences in mother-infant sleep physiology and behavior when mothers and infants sleep together on the same surface (bedsharing) and apart in separate rooms (solitary). We analyze breastfeeding frequency and interval data from the first laboratory night (FN) for 52 complementary breastfeeding mothers and infants (26 total mother-infant pairs), of which 12 pairs were routine bedsharers (RB) and 14 were routine solitary sleepers (RS). RB infants were 12.0 ± 2.7 (SD) weeks old; RS infants were 13.0 ± 2.4 weeks old. On the FN, RB mother-infant pairs (while bedsharing) engaged in a greater number of feeds per night compared to RS (while sleeping alone) (P < 0.001). RB also showed lower intervals (min) between feeds relative to RS (P < 0.05). When we evaluated data from all three laboratory nights (n = 36), post hoc, RB breastfed significantly more often (P < 0.01) and showed a trend towards lower intervals between feeds (P < 0.10). Given the widely known risks associated with little or no breastfeeding, the demonstrated mutually regulatory relationship between bedsharing and breastfeeding should be considered in future studies evaluating determinants of breastfeeding outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee T Gettler
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, 1810 Hinman Avenue, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.
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Blair PS, Heron J, Fleming PJ. Relationship between bed sharing and breastfeeding: longitudinal, population-based analysis. Pediatrics 2010; 126:e1119-26. [PMID: 20956410 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2010-1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This is an investigation into the longitudinal patterns of bed sharing, the characteristics associated with those patterns, and the relationship with breastfeeding. METHODS The study used prospective, population-based data from the United Kingdom to investigate nocturnal bed sharing at 5 time points from birth to 4 years of age. Of 14 062 live births, 7447 (53%) had data available for all time points. RESULTS Latent class analysis identified 4 mutually exclusive groups, broadly described as nonsharers (66%), early bed sharers (only in infancy) (13%), late bed sharers (after the first year) (15%), and constant bed sharers (throughout the 4 years) (6%). The boy/girl ratio and the proportion of families of nonwhite ethnicity were slightly higher in all 3 bed-sharing groups, compared with the non-bed-sharing group. Higher maternal educational achievement and higher social class were positively associated with early bed sharing, negatively associated with late bed sharing, and not associated with constant bed sharing. The 3 bed-sharing patterns were related significantly to breastfeeding at 12 months (P < .001), whether the families shared beds late (odds ratio: 1.72 [95% confidence interval: 1.36-2.18]), early (odds ratio: 2.36 [95% confidence interval: 1.87-2.97]), or for the whole period (odds ratio: 5.29 [95% confidence interval: 4.05-6.91]). The prevalence of breastfeeding was significantly higher among the groups that shared beds constantly or early for each of the first 15 months after birth. CONCLUSIONS Advice on whether bed sharing should be discouraged needs to take into account the important relationship with breastfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S Blair
- Department of Community-Based Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.
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Issler RMS, Giugliani ERJ, Marostica PJC, Nieto F, Milani AR, Wolmeister AS, Scherer MB, Pires DO, Oliveira MN, Pinto DGC, Sarturi BF, Smidt LFS, Villetti MC. Coleito no primeiro semestre de vida: prevalência e fatores associados. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2010; 26:942-8. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2010000500016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Esse estudo tem o objetivo de verificar a prevalência de coleito de mães e lactentes e fatores associados em população urbana no Sul do Brasil. Trata-se de estudo transversal aninhado em uma coorte de 233 duplas de mãe-filho selecionadas na maternidade do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Quando a criança completava 3 e 6 meses de vida, coletavam-se, em visitas domiciliares, dados sobre prática do coleito e variáveis associadas. O desfecho principal foi o compartilhamento do espaço de dormir entre a criança e sua mãe. Variáveis com p < 0,2 na análise bivariada entraram em modelo de regressão de Poisson. Aos 3 e 6 meses, 31,2% e 28,5% das crianças dormiam junto com suas mães à noite. Aos 3 meses, a prevalência foi maior entre mães sem companheiro (RP: 1,56; IC95%: 1,01-2,39) e em coabitação quando com a avó materna da criança (RP: 1,70; IC95%: 1,09-2,65). A prevalência de coleito aos três meses na população estudada é alta, associando-se à mãe sem companheiro e coabitação com a avó materna.
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Norton PJ, Grellner KW. A Retrospective Study on Infant Bed-Sharing in a Clinical Practice Population. Matern Child Health J 2010; 15:507-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s10995-010-0600-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Parent-infant bed-sharing is a common practice in Western post-industrial nations with up to 50% of infants sleeping with their parents at some point during early infancy. However, researchers have claimed that infants may be at risk of suffocation or sudden infant death syndrome related to airway covering or compression in the bed-sharing environment. To further understand the role of airway covering and compression in creating risks for bed-sharing infants, we report here on a sleep-lab trial of two infant sleep conditions. METHODS In a sleep-lab environment 20 infants aged 2-3 months old slept in their parents' bed, and in a cot by the bed, on adjacent nights. Infants' oxygen saturation and heart rate were monitored physiologically while infant and parental behaviours were recorded via ceiling-mounted infra-red cameras. Infants served as their own controls. Continuous 8-h recordings were obtained for covering of infant external airways, levels of infant oxygen saturation, infant heart rate, evidence of parental compression/overlying of infant, circumstances leading up to potential infant airway obstruction, and parental awareness of and responses to infant airway covering. RESULTS The majority of infants (14/20) spent some part of the bed night with their airways (both mouth and nose) covered, compared with 2/20 on the cot night; however, no consistent effect on either oxygen saturation levels or heart rate was revealed, even during prolonged bouts of airway covering. All cases of airway covering were initiated by parents; 70% were terminated by parents, the remainder by infants. Seven bouts of potential compression were observed with parental limbs resting across infant bodies for lengthy periods, however, in only two cases was the full weight of a parental limb resting on an infant, both events lasting less than 15 s, both being terminated by infant movement. CONCLUSION Although numerous authors have suggested that bed-sharing infants face risks because of airway covering by bed-clothes or parental bodies, the present trial does not lend support to this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ball
- Parent-Infant Sleep Lab and Medical Anthropology Research Group, Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, UK.
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Hauck FR, Signore C, Fein SB, Raju TNK. Infant sleeping arrangements and practices during the first year of life. Pediatrics 2008; 122 Suppl 2:S113-20. [PMID: 18829826 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2008-1315o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our goal was to examine the sleeping arrangements for infants from birth to 1 year of age and to assess the association between such arrangements and maternal characteristics. METHODS Responses to the 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month questionnaires from the Infant Feeding Practices Study II were analyzed to assess sleep arrangements, including bed sharing, the latter defined as mother ever (in a given time frame) slept with the infant on the same sleeping surface for nighttime sleep. Women were also asked about the reasons for bed sharing or not bed sharing. RESULTS Approximately 2300 women responded at 3 months, and 1800 at 12 months. At 3 months, 85% of the infants slept in the same room as their mother, and at 12 months that rate was 29%. At 3 months, 26% of the mothers did not use the recommended supine position for their infant's nighttime sleep. The rate of noncompliance increased to 29% by 6 months and 36% by 12 months. The bed-sharing rates were 42% at 2 weeks, 34% at 3 months, and 27% at 12 months. Approximately two thirds of those who bed shared with their infant also shared the bed with their husband or partner, and 5% to 15% shared it with other children. The major reasons for bed sharing were to calm a fussy infant, facilitate breastfeeding, and help the infant and/or mother sleep better. The major reasons for not lying down with the infant were safety concerns. Non-Hispanic black mothers were more likely than non-Hispanic white mothers to use nonsupine infant sleep positions and to bed share. CONCLUSIONS More than one third of the women in this cohort were noncompliant with safe-sleeping guidelines when their infant was 3 months old. Health care providers need to advise parents of current recommendations and discuss the risks and benefits of their choices for infant sleeping practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fern R Hauck
- University of Virginia School of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, PO Box 800729, Charlottesville, VA 22908-0729, USA.
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Anuntaseree W, Mo-Suwan L, Vasiknanonte P, Kuasirikul S, Ma-A-Lee A, Choprapawon C. Factors associated with bed sharing and sleep position in Thai neonates. Child Care Health Dev 2008; 34:482-90. [PMID: 18485024 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.2008.00832.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep in a supine position and in a bed separate from but proximate to adults is recommended, in several Western countries, to prevent Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). Cultural differences and a lower rate of SIDS in Asian populations may affect concern with this problem and thus infant sleeping arrangements. Objective To study bed sharing and sleep position in Thai neonates and the relationship to infant and maternal characteristics. METHODS A cross-sectional survey based on interviews with parents of infants aged 21 days old, was conducted under the Prospective Cohort Study of Thai Children. RESULTS Of the total sample, 2236/3692 (60.6%) infants shared a bed with their parents. Sixty per cent of the parents placed their infants to sleep in a supine position, 32.2% on their side and 4.9% in a prone position. Bed sharing was associated with older maternal age, higher education, Muslim mother, and with work status of professional career or unemployed. Placing the infants to sleep in a prone position was associated with infant birth weight of greater than 2500 g, older maternal age, higher education, Buddhist mother, mother with professional career and middle-class household economic status. CONCLUSIONS Infant bed sharing is a common practice in the Thai culture, as in other Asian countries. The prone sleep position is less common than in Western populations. The main factor associated with both bed sharing and putting infants to sleep in the prone position was a higher maternal socioeconomic status (SES), in contrast to previous studies in some Western countries in which both practices were associated with low maternal SES. Cultural differences may play an important role in these different findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Anuntaseree
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, Thailand.
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McKenna JJ, Ball HL, Gettler LT. Mother-infant cosleeping, breastfeeding and sudden infant death syndrome: what biological anthropology has discovered about normal infant sleep and pediatric sleep medicine. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2008; Suppl 45:133-61. [PMID: 18046747 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.20736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Twenty years ago a new area of inquiry was launched when anthropologists proposed that an evolutionary perspective on infancy could contribute to our understanding of unexplained infant deaths. Here we review two decades of research examining parent-infant sleep practices and the variability of maternal and infant sleep physiology and behavior in social and solitary sleeping environments. The results challenge clinical wisdom regarding "normal" infant sleep, and over the past two decades the perspective of evolutionary pediatrics has challenged the supremacy of pediatric sleep medicine in defining what are appropriate sleep environments and behaviors for healthy human infants. In this review, we employ a biocultural approach that integrates diverse lines of evidence in order to illustrate the limitations of pediatric sleep medicine in adopting a view of infants that prioritizes recent western social values over the human infant's biological heritage. We review what is known regarding infant sleeping arrangements among nonhuman primates and briefly explore the possible paleoecological context within which early human sleep patterns and parent-infant sleeping arrangements might have evolved. The first challenges made by anthropologists to the pediatric and SIDS research communities are traced, and two decades of studies into the behavior and physiology of mothers and infants sleeping together are presented up to the present. Laboratory, hospital and home studies are used to assess the biological functions of shared mother-infant sleep, especially with regard to breastfeeding promotion and SIDS reduction. Finally, we encourage other anthropologists to participate in pediatric sleep research using the unique skills and insights anthropological data provide. By employing comparative, evolutionary and cross-cultural perspectives an anthropological approach stimulates new research insights that influence the traditional medical paradigm and help to make it more inclusive. That this review will potentially stimulate similar research by other anthropologists is one obvious goal. That this article might do so makes it ever more possible that anthropologically inspired work on infant sleep will ultimately lead to infant sleep scientists, pediatricians, and parents becoming more informed about the consequences of caring for human infants in ways that are not congruent with their evolutionary biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J McKenna
- Department of Anthropology and Mother-Baby Behavioral Sleep Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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