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Laragione T, Harris C, Gulko PS. KIF1C and new Huntingtin-interacting protein 1 binding proteins regulate rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes' phenotypes. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1323410. [PMID: 38726004 PMCID: PMC11079228 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1323410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Huntingtin-interacting protein-1 (HIP1) is a new arthritis severity gene implicated in the regulation of the invasive properties of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). These invasive properties of FLS strongly correlate with radiographic and histology damage in patients with RA and rodent models of arthritis. While HIP1 has several intracellular functions, little is known about its binding proteins, and identifying them has the potential to expand our understanding of its role in cell invasion and other disease-contributing phenotypes, and potentially identify new targets for therapy. Methods FLS cell lines from arthritic DA (highly invasive) and from arthritis-protected congenic rats R6 (minimally invasive), which differ in an amino-acid changing HIP1 SNP, were cultured and lysed, and proteins were immunoprecipitated with an anti-HIP1 antibody. Immunoprecipitates were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Differentially detected (bound) proteins were selected for functional experiments using siRNA knockdown in human RA FLS to examine their effect in cell invasiveness, adhesion, cell migration and proliferation, and immunofluorescence microscopy. Results Proteins detected included a few known HIP1-binding proteins and several new ones. Forty-five proteins differed in levels detected in the DA versus R6 congenic mass spectrometry analyses. Thirty-two of these proteins were knocked down and studied in vitro, with 10 inducing significant changes in RA FLS phenotypes. Specifically, knockdown of five HIP1-binding protein genes (CHMP4BL1, COPE, KIF1C, YWHAG, and YWHAH) significantly decreased FLS invasiveness. Knockdown of KIF1C also reduced RA FLS migration. The binding of four selected proteins to human HIP1 was confirmed. KIF1C colocalized with lamellipodia, and its knockdown prevented RA FLS from developing an elongated morphology with thick linearized actin fibers or forming polarized lamellipodia, all required for cell mobility and invasion. Unlike HIP1, KIF1C knockdown did not affect Rac1 signaling. Conclusion We have identified new HIP1-binding proteins and demonstrate that 10 of them regulate key FLS phenotypes. These HIP1-binding proteins have the potential to become new therapeutic targets and help better understand the RA FLS pathogenic behavior. KIF1C knockdown recapitulated the morphologic changes previously seen in the absence of HIP1, but did not affect the same cell signaling pathway, suggesting involvement in the regulation of different processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Percio S. Gulko
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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Pelissier A, Laragione T, Harris C, Martínez MR, Gulko PS. Gene Network Analyses Identify Co-regulated Transcription Factors and BACH1 as a Key Driver in Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.28.573506. [PMID: 38234777 PMCID: PMC10793426 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.28.573506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
RNA-sequencing and differential gene expression studies have significantly advanced our understanding of pathogenic pathways underlying Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Yet, little is known about cell-specific regulatory networks and their contributions to disease. In this study, we focused on fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), a cell type central to disease pathogenesis and joint damage in RA. We used a strategy that computed sample-specific gene regulatory networks (GRNs) to compare network properties between RA and osteoarthritis FLS. We identified 28 transcription factors (TFs) as key regulators central to the signatures of RA FLS. Six of these TFs are new and have not been previously implicated in RA, and included BACH1, HLX, and TGIF1. Several of these TFs were found to be co-regulated, and BACH1 emerged as the most significant TF and regulator. The main BACH1 targets included those implicated in fatty acid metabolism and ferroptosis. The discovery of BACH1 was validated in experiments with RA FLS. Knockdown of BACH1 in RA FLS significantly affected the gene expression signatures, reduced cell adhesion and mobility, interfered with the formation of thick actin fibers, and prevented the polarized formation of lamellipodia, all required for the RA destructive behavior of FLS. This is the first time that BACH1 is shown to have a central role in the regulation of FLS phenotypes, and gene expression signatures, as well as in ferroptosis and fatty acid metabolism. These new discoveries have the potential to become new targets for treatments aimed at selectively targeting the RA FLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelien Pelissier
- IBM Research Europe, 8803 Ruschlikon, Switzerland
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
- Currently at Institute of Computational Life Sciences, ZHAW, 8400 Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Teresina Laragione
- Division of Rheumatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10029 New York, United States
| | - Carolyn Harris
- Division of Rheumatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10029 New York, United States
| | - María Rodríguez Martínez
- IBM Research Europe, 8803 Ruschlikon, Switzerland
- Currently at Yale School of Medicine, 06510 New Haven, United States
| | - Percio S. Gulko
- Division of Rheumatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 10029 New York, United States
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Li C, Ouyang Z, Huang Y, Lin S, Li S, Xu J, Liu T, Wu J, Guo P, Chen Z, Wu H, Ding Y. NOD2 attenuates osteoarthritis via reprogramming the activation of synovial macrophages. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:249. [PMID: 38124066 PMCID: PMC10731717 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Synovial inflammation, which precedes other pathological changes in osteoarthritis (OA), is primarily initiated by activation and M1 polarization of macrophages. While macrophages play a pivotal role in the inflammatory process of OA, the mechanisms underlying their activation and polarization remain incompletely elucidated. This study aims to investigate the role of NOD2 as a reciprocal modulator of HMGB1/TLR4 signaling in macrophage activation and polarization during OA pathogenesis. DESIGN We examined NOD2 expression in the synovium and determined the impact of NOD2 on macrophage activation and polarization by knockdown and overexpression models in vitro. Paracrine effect of macrophages on fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and chondrocytes was evaluated under conditions of NOD2 overexpression. Additionally, the in vivo effect of NOD2 was assessed using collagenase VII induced OA model in mice. RESULTS Expression of NOD2 was elevated in osteoarthritic synovium. In vitro experiments demonstrated that NOD2 serves as a negative regulator of HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathway. Furthermore, NOD2 overexpression hampered the inflammatory paracrine effect of macrophages on FLS and chondrocytes. In vivo experiments revealed that NOD2 overexpression mitigated OA in mice. CONCLUSIONS Supported by convincing evidence on the inhibitory role of NOD2 in modulating the activation and M1 polarization of synovial macrophages, this study provided novel insights into the involvement of innate immunity in OA pathogenesis and highlighted NOD2 as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changchuan Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhuji Ouyang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yuhsi Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Sipeng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Shixun Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Taihe Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jionglin Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Peidong Guo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Haoyu Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yue Ding
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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Promila L, Joshi A, Khan S, Aggarwal A, Lahiri A. Role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis: Looking closely at fibroblast- like synoviocytes. Mitochondrion 2023; 73:62-71. [PMID: 38506094 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, autoimmune, and inflammatory disease that primarily targets the joints, leading to cartilage and bone destruction.Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) are specialized cells of the synovial lining in the joint that plays a fundamental role in the development of RA. Particularly, FLS of RA patients (RA-FLS) in the joint exhibit specific characteristics like higher invading and immunogenic properties, hyperproliferation, and reduced apoptotic capacity, suggesting a dysfunctional mitochondrial pool in these cells. Mitochondria are emerging as a potential organelle that can decide cellular immunometabolism, invasion properties, and cell death. Accordingly, multiplestudies established that mitochondria are crucial in establishing RA. However, the underlying mechanism of impaired mitochondrial function in RA remains poorly understood. This review will provide an overview of the mitochondrial role in the progression of RA, specifically in the context of FLS biology. We will also outline how mitochondria-centric therapeutics can be achieved that would yield novel avenues of research in pathological mediation and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakra Promila
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Anubha Joshi
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Shazia Khan
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Amita Aggarwal
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medicine, Lucknow, India
| | - Amit Lahiri
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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5
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Liu L, Tong H, Sun Y, Chen X, Yang T, Zhou G, Li XJ, Li S. Huntingtin Interacting Proteins and Pathological Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13060. [PMID: 37685866 PMCID: PMC10488016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by an expansion of a CAG repeat in the gene that encodes the huntingtin protein (HTT). The exact function of HTT is still not fully understood, and previous studies have mainly focused on identifying proteins that interact with HTT to gain insights into its function. Numerous HTT-interacting proteins have been discovered, shedding light on the functions and structure of HTT. Most of these proteins interact with the N-terminal region of HTT. Among the various HTT-interacting proteins, huntingtin-associated protein 1 (HAP1) and HTT-interacting protein 1 (HIP1) have been extensively studied. Recent research has uncovered differences in the distribution of HAP1 in monkey and human brains compared with mice. This finding suggests that there may be species-specific variations in the regulation and function of HTT-interacting proteins. Understanding these differences could provide crucial insights into the development of HD. In this review, we will focus on the recent advancements in the study of HTT-interacting proteins, with particular attention to the differential distributions of HTT and HAP1 in larger animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shihua Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-Human Primate Research, Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510623, China; (L.L.); (H.T.); (Y.S.); (X.C.); (T.Y.); (G.Z.); (X.-J.L.)
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Laragione T, Harris C, Azizgolshani N, Beeton C, Bongers G, Gulko PS. Magnesium increases numbers of Foxp3+ Treg cells and reduces arthritis severity and joint damage in an IL-10-dependent manner mediated by the intestinal microbiome. EBioMedicine 2023; 92:104603. [PMID: 37201335 PMCID: PMC10203746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common autoimmune disease with emerging environmental and microbiome risk factors. The western diet is typically deficient in magnesium (Mg), and there is some evidence suggesting that Mg may have anti-inflammatory properties. But the actual role of Mg supplementation in arthritis or in T cell subsets has not been explored. METHODS We investigated the role of a high Mg diet in two different mouse models of RA induced with the KRN serum, and collagen-induced arthritis. We also characterized the phenotypes of splenocytes, gene expression, and an extensive intestinal microbiome analyses including fecal material transplantation (FMT). FINDINGS The high Mg diet group was significantly protected with reduced arthritis severity and joint damage, and reduced expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα. The high Mg group also had increased numbers of Foxp3+ Treg cells and IL-10-producing T cells. The high Mg protective effect disappeared in IL-10 knockout mice. FMT from the high Mg diet mice recreated the phenotypes seen in the diet-treated mice, with reduced arthritis severity, increased Foxp3+ Treg, and increased IL-10-producing T cells. Intestinal microbiome analyses using 16S rDNA sequencing revealed diet-specific changes, including reduced levels of RA-associated Prevotella in the high Mg group, while increasing levels of Bacteroides and other bacteria associated with increased production of short-chain fatty acids. Metagenomic analyses implicated additional pathways including L-tryptophan biosynthesis and arginine deiminase. INTERPRETATION We describe a new role for Mg in suppressing arthritis, in expanding Foxp3+ T reg cells and in the production of IL-10, and show that these effects are mediated by the intestinal microbiome. Our discoveries suggest a novel strategy for modifying the intestinal microbiome to treat RA and other autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. FUNDING None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresina Laragione
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, United States
| | - Carolyn Harris
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, United States
| | - Nasim Azizgolshani
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, United States
| | - Christine Beeton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, United States
| | - Gerold Bongers
- Microbiome Translational Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, United States
| | - Percio S Gulko
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, United States.
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7
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Alivernini S, Firestein GS, McInnes IB. The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Immunity 2022; 55:2255-2270. [PMID: 36516818 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significant recent progress in understanding rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis has led to improved treatment and quality of life. The introduction of targeted-biologic and -synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) has also transformed clinical outcomes. Despite this, RA remains a life-long disease without a cure. Unmet needs include partial response and non-response to treatment in many patients, failure to achieve immune homeostasis or drug free remission, and inability to repair damaged tissues. RA is now recognized as the end of a multi-year prodromal phase in which systemic immune dysregulation, likely beginning in mucosal surfaces, is followed by a symptomatic clinical phase. Inflammation and immune reactivity are primarily localized to the synovium leading to pain and articular damage, but is also associated with a broader series of comorbidities. Here, we review recently described immunologic mechanisms that drive breach of tolerance, chronic synovitis, and remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Alivernini
- Immunology Research Core Facility, Gemelli Science and Technology Park, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Division of Rheumatology - Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gary S Firestein
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Ji M, Ryu HJ, Baek HM, Shin DM, Hong JH. Dynamic synovial fibroblasts are modulated by NBCn1 as a potential target in rheumatoid arthritis. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:503-517. [PMID: 35414711 PMCID: PMC9076869 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00756-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by aggressive fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) and pannus formation. Various therapeutic strategies have been developed against inflammatory cytokines in RA in recent decades. Based on the migratory features of FLSs, we examined whether modulation of the migratory module attenuates RA severity. In this study, inflamed synovial fluid-stimulated FLSs exhibited enhanced migration and migratory apparatus expression, and sodium bicarbonate cotransporter n1 (NBCn1) was identified in primary cultured RA-FLSs for the first time. The NBC inhibitor S0859 attenuated the migration of FLSs induced with synovial fluid from patients with RA or with TNF-α stimulation. Inhibition of NBCs with S0859 in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model reduced joint swelling and destruction without blood, hepatic, or renal toxicity. Primary FLSs isolated from the CIA-induced mouse model also showed reduced migration in the presence of S0859. Our results suggest that inflammatory mediators in synovial fluid, including TNF-α, recruit NBCn1 to the plasma membrane of FLSs to provide dynamic properties and that modulation of NBCn1 could be developed into a therapeutic strategy for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Ji
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, 155 Getbeolro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, South Korea
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee Jung Ryu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, 21 Namdongdae-ro 774-gil, Nandong-gu, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Man Baek
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, 155 Getbeolro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Dong Min Shin
- Department of Oral Biology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jeong Hee Hong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, 155 Getbeolro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, South Korea.
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea.
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, 155 Getbeolro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, South Korea.
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9
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Ansalone C, Ainsworth RI, Nygaard G, Ai R, Prideaux EB, Hammaker D, Perumal NB, Weichert K, Tung F, Kodandapani L, Sauder JM, Mertsching EC, Benschop RJ, Boyle DL, Wang W, Firestein GS. Caspase-8 Variant G Regulates Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast-Like Synoviocyte Aggressive Behavior. ACR Open Rheumatol 2022; 4:288-299. [PMID: 34963199 PMCID: PMC8992463 DOI: 10.1002/acr2.11384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) play a pivotal role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by contributing to synovial inflammation and progressive joint damage. An imprinted epigenetic state is associated with the FLS aggressive phenotype. We identified CASP8 (encoding for caspase-8) as a differentially marked gene and evaluated its pathogenic role in RA FLSs. METHODS RA FLS lines were obtained from synovial tissues at arthroplasty and used at passage 5-8. Caspase-8 was silenced using small interfering RNA, and its effect was determined in cell adhesion, migration and invasion assays. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR and western blot were used to assess gene and protein expression, respectively. A caspase-8 selective inhibitor was used determine the role of enzymatic activity on FLS migration and invasion. Caspase-8 isoform transcripts and epigenetic marks in FLSs were analyzed in FLS public databases. Crystal structures of caspase-8B and G were determined. RESULTS Caspase-8 deficiency in RA FLSs reduced cell adhesion, migration, and invasion independent of its catalytic activity. Epigenetic and transcriptomic analyses of RA FLSs revealed that a specific caspase-8 isoform, variant G, is the dominant isoform expressed (~80% of total caspase-8) and induced by PDGF. The crystal structures of caspase-8 variant G and B were identical except for a unique unstructured 59 amino acid N-terminal domain in variant G. Selective knockdown of caspase-8G was solely responsible for the effects of caspase-8 on calpain activity and cell invasion in FLS. CONCLUSION Blocking caspase-8 variant G could decrease cell invasion in diseases like RA without the potential deleterious effects of nonspecific caspase-8 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gyrid Nygaard
- University of California San DiegoLa JollaCalifornia
| | - Rizi Ai
- University of California San DiegoLa JollaCalifornia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Wang
- University of California San DiegoLa JollaCalifornia
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10
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Abstract
Rho guanosine triphosphatase (GTPases), as molecular switches, have been identified to be dysregulated and involved in the pathogenesis of various rheumatic diseases, mainly including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, systemic sclerosis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Downstream pathways involving multiple types of cells, such as fibroblasts, chondrocytes, synoviocytes, and immunocytes are mediated by activated Rho GTPases to promote pathogenesis. Targeted therapy via inhibitors of Rho GTPases has been implicated in the treatment of rheumatic diseases, demonstrating promising effects. In this review, the effects of Rho GTPases in the pathogenesis of rheumatic diseases are summarized, and the Rho GTPase-mediated pathways are elucidated. Therapeutic strategies using Rho GTPase inhibitors in rheumatic diseases are also discussed to provide insights for further exploration of targeted therapy in preclinical studies and clinical practice. Future directions on studies of Rho GTPases in rheumatic diseases based on current understandings are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Zewei Zhuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510080, China
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yujun Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Weihong Sha
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510080, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510080, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Corresponding author
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11
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Identification of Novel Serum Proteins Associated with Myelination and Cholesterol Transport in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders by Mass Spectrometry. Indian J Clin Biochem 2021; 37:275-284. [DOI: 10.1007/s12291-021-01004-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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José Alcaraz M. New potential therapeutic approaches targeting synovial fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 194:114815. [PMID: 34715065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Synovial cells play a key role in joint destruction during chronic inflammation. In particular, activated synovial fibroblasts (SFs) undergo intrinsic alterations leading to an aggressive phenotype mediating cartilage destruction and bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recent research has revealed a number of targets to control arthritogenic changes in SFs. Therefore, identification of SF phenotypes, control of epigenetic changes, modulation of cellular functions, or regulation of the activity of cation channels and different signaling pathways has been investigated. Although many of these approaches have shown efficacy in vitro and in animal models of RA, further research is needed to select the most relevant targets for drug development. This review is focused on the role of SFs as a potential strategy to discover novel therapeutic targets in RA aimed at preserving joint architecture and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Alcaraz
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Valencia, and Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), Polytechnic University of Valencia, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent A. Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjasot, Valencia, Spain.
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13
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Impact of Posttranslational Modification in Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Focusing on Citrullination, Carbamylation, and Acetylation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910576. [PMID: 34638916 PMCID: PMC8508717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is caused by prolonged periodic interactions between genetic, environmental, and immunologic factors. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) such as citrullination, carbamylation, and acetylation are correlated with the pathogenesis of RA. PTM and cell death mechanisms such as apoptosis, autophagy, NETosis, leukotoxic hypercitrullination (LTH), and necrosis are related to each other and induce autoantigenicity. Certain microbial infections, such as those caused by Porphyromonasgingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Prevotella copri, can induce autoantigens in RA. Anti-modified protein antibodies (AMPA) containing anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPAs), anti-carbamylated protein (anti-CarP) antibodies, and anti-acetylated protein antibodies (AAPAs) play a role in pathogenesis as well as in prediction, diagnosis, and prognosis. Interestingly, smoking is correlated with both PTMs and AMPAs in the development of RA. However, there is lack of evidence that smoking induces the generation of AMPAs.
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Ji M, Ryu HJ, Hong JH. Signalling and putative therapeutic molecules on the regulation of synoviocyte signalling in rheumatoid arthritis. Bone Joint Res 2021; 10:285-297. [PMID: 33890482 PMCID: PMC8077181 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.104.bjr-2020-0331.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by symmetrical and chronic polyarthritis. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes are mainly involved in joint inflammation and cartilage and bone destruction by inflammatory cytokines and matrix-degrading enzymes in RA. Approaches that induce various cellular growth alterations of synoviocytes are considered as potential strategies for treating RA. However, since synoviocytes play a critical role in RA, the mechanism and hyperplastic modulation of synoviocytes and their motility need to be addressed. In this review, we focus on the alteration of synoviocyte signalling and cell fate provided by signalling proteins, various antioxidant molecules, enzymes, compounds, clinical candidates, to understand the pathology of the synoviocytes, and finally to achieve developed therapeutic strategies of RA. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(4):285–297.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Ji
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hee Jung Ryu
- Department of Rheumatology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Hong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Incheon, South Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
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Szpirer C. Rat models of human diseases and related phenotypes: a systematic inventory of the causative genes. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:84. [PMID: 32741357 PMCID: PMC7395987 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00673-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The laboratory rat has been used for a long time as the model of choice in several biomedical disciplines. Numerous inbred strains have been isolated, displaying a wide range of phenotypes and providing many models of human traits and diseases. Rat genome mapping and genomics was considerably developed in the last decades. The availability of these resources has stimulated numerous studies aimed at discovering causal disease genes by positional identification. Numerous rat genes have now been identified that underlie monogenic or complex diseases and remarkably, these results have been translated to the human in a significant proportion of cases, leading to the identification of novel human disease susceptibility genes, helping in studying the mechanisms underlying the pathological abnormalities and also suggesting new therapeutic approaches. In addition, reverse genetic tools have been developed. Several genome-editing methods were introduced to generate targeted mutations in genes the function of which could be clarified in this manner [generally these are knockout mutations]. Furthermore, even when the human gene causing a disease had been identified without resorting to a rat model, mutated rat strains (in particular KO strains) were created to analyze the gene function and the disease pathogenesis. Today, over 350 rat genes have been identified as underlying diseases or playing a key role in critical biological processes that are altered in diseases, thereby providing a rich resource of disease models. This article is an update of the progress made in this research and provides the reader with an inventory of these disease genes, a significant number of which have similar effects in rat and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Szpirer
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-6041, Gosselies, Belgium.
- , Waterloo, Belgium.
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Nygaard G, Firestein GS. Restoring synovial homeostasis in rheumatoid arthritis by targeting fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2020; 16:316-333. [PMID: 32393826 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-020-0413-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic immune-mediated disease that primarily affects the synovium of diarthrodial joints. During the course of RA, the synovium transforms into a hyperplastic invasive tissue that causes destruction of cartilage and bone. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), which form the lining of the joint, are epigenetically imprinted with an aggressive phenotype in RA and have an important role in these pathological processes. In addition to producing the extracellular matrix and joint lubricants, FLS in RA produce pathogenic mediators such as cytokines and proteases that contribute to disease pathogenesis and perpetuation. The development of multi-omics integrative analyses have enabled new ways to dissect the mechanisms that imprint FLS, have helped to identify potential FLS subsets with distinct functions and have identified differences in FLS phenotypes between joints in individual patients. This Review provides an overview of advances in understanding of FLS biology and highlights omics approaches and studies that hold promise for identifying future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyrid Nygaard
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Gary S Firestein
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA.
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miR-1272 Exerts Tumor-Suppressive Functions in Prostate Cancer via HIP1 Suppression. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020435. [PMID: 32069895 PMCID: PMC7072756 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of novel therapies or the improvement of currently used approaches to treat prostate cancer (PCa), the most frequently diagnosed male tumor in developed countries, is an urgent need. In this regard, the functional characterization of microRNAs, molecules shown to regulate a number of cancer-related pathways, is instrumental to their possible clinical exploitation. Here, we demonstrate the tumor-suppressive role of the so far uncharacterized miR-1272, which we found to be significantly down-modulated in PCa clinical specimens compared to normal tissues. Through a gain-of-function approach using miRNA mimics, we showed that miR-1272 supplementation in two PCa cell models (DU145 and 22Rv1) reverted the mesenchymal phenotype by affecting migratory and invasive properties, and reduced cell growth in vitro and in vivo in SCID mice. Additionally, by targeting HIP1 encoding the endocytic protein HIP1, miR-1272 balanced EGFR membrane turnover, thus affecting the downstream AKT/ERK pathways, and, ultimately, increasing PCa cell response to ionizing radiation. Overall, our results show that miR-1272 reconstitution can affect several tumor traits, thus suggesting this approach as a potential novel therapeutic strategy to be pursued for PCa, with the multiple aim of reducing tumor growth, enhancing response to radiotherapy and limiting metastatic dissemination.
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Endocytic Adaptor Proteins in Health and Disease: Lessons from Model Organisms and Human Mutations. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111345. [PMID: 31671891 PMCID: PMC6912373 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells need to exchange material and information with their environment. This is largely achieved via cell-surface receptors which mediate processes ranging from nutrient uptake to signaling responses. Consequently, their surface levels have to be dynamically controlled. Endocytosis constitutes a powerful mechanism to regulate the surface proteome and to recycle vesicular transmembrane proteins that strand at the plasma membrane after exocytosis. For efficient internalization, the cargo proteins need to be linked to the endocytic machinery via adaptor proteins such as the heterotetrameric endocytic adaptor complex AP-2 and a variety of mostly monomeric endocytic adaptors. In line with the importance of endocytosis for nutrient uptake, cell signaling and neurotransmission, animal models and human mutations have revealed that defects in these adaptors are associated with several diseases ranging from metabolic disorders to encephalopathies. This review will discuss the physiological functions of the so far known adaptor proteins and will provide a comprehensive overview of their links to human diseases.
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Icli B, Wu W, Ozdemir D, Li H, Haemmig S, Liu X, Giatsidis G, Cheng HS, Avci SN, Kurt M, Lee N, Guimaraes RB, Manica A, Marchini JF, Rynning SE, Risnes I, Hollan I, Croce K, Orgill DP, Feinberg MW. MicroRNA-135a-3p regulates angiogenesis and tissue repair by targeting p38 signaling in endothelial cells. FASEB J 2019; 33:5599-5614. [PMID: 30668922 PMCID: PMC6436660 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802063rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a critical process in repair of tissue injury that is regulated by a delicate balance between pro- and antiangiogenic factors. In disease states associated with impaired angiogenesis, we identified that miR-135a-3p is rapidly induced and serves as an antiangiogenic microRNA (miRNA) by targeting endothelial cell (EC) p38 signaling in vitro and in vivo. MiR-135a-3p overexpression significantly inhibited EC proliferation, migration, and network tube formation in matrigel, whereas miR-135-3p neutralization had the opposite effects. Mechanistic studies using transcriptomic profiling, bioinformatics, 3'-UTR reporter and miRNA ribonucleoprotein complex -immunoprecipitation assays, and small interfering RNA dependency studies revealed that miR-135a-3p inhibits the p38 signaling pathway in ECs by targeting huntingtin-interacting protein 1 (HIP1). Local delivery of miR-135a-3p inhibitors to wounds of diabetic db/db mice markedly increased angiogenesis, granulation tissue thickness, and wound closure rates, whereas local delivery of miR-135a-3p mimics impaired these effects. Finally, through gain- and loss-of-function studies in human skin organoids as a model of tissue injury, we demonstrated that miR-135a-3p potently modulated p38 signaling and angiogenesis in response to VEGF stimulation by targeting HIP1. These findings establish miR-135a-3p as a pivotal regulator of pathophysiological angiogenesis and tissue repair by targeting a VEGF-HIP1-p38K signaling axis, providing new targets for angiogenic therapy to promote tissue repair.-Icli, B., Wu, W., Ozdemir, D., Li, H., Haemmig, S., Liu, X., Giatsidis, G., Cheng, H. S., Avci, S. N., Kurt, M., Lee, N., Guimaraes, R. B., Manica, A., Marchini, J. F., Rynning, S. E., Risnes, I., Hollan, I., Croce, K., Orgill, D. P., Feinberg, M. W. MicroRNA-135a-3p regulates angiogenesis and tissue repair by targeting p38 signaling in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basak Icli
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Winona Wu
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Denizhan Ozdemir
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medical Biology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hao Li
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stefan Haemmig
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xin Liu
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Giorgio Giatsidis
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Henry S. Cheng
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Seyma Nazli Avci
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Merve Kurt
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nathan Lee
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Raphael Boesche Guimaraes
- Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia (ICFUC), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andre Manica
- Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul, Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia (ICFUC), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Julio F. Marchini
- Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stein Erik Rynning
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, LHL Hospital Gardermoen, Jessheim, Norway
| | - Ivar Risnes
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, LHL Hospital Gardermoen, Jessheim, Norway
| | - Ivana Hollan
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Rheumatology Department, Lillehamer Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Lillehamer, Norway
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Kevin Croce
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dennis P. Orgill
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark W. Feinberg
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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