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Yu Z, Li P, Gao D, Hu Y, Xia F, Liu L, Liu J, Liu W, Zhang H. Inhibition of LSD1 via SP2509 attenuated the progression of rheumatoid arthritis. Immunol Res 2024; 72:797-810. [PMID: 38722530 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-024-09486-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by synovial hyperplasia, pannus formation, and cartilage and bone destruction. Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), an enzyme involved in transcriptional regulation, has an unclear role in synovial inflammation, fibroblast-like synoviocytes migration, and invasion during RA pathogenesis. In this study, we observed increased LSD1 expression in RA synovial tissues and in TNF-α-stimulated MH7A cells. SP2509, an LSD1 antagonist, directly reduced LSD1 expression and reversed the elevated levels of proteins associated with inflammation, apoptosis, proliferation, and autophagy induced by TNF-α. Furthermore, SP2509 inhibited the migratory capacity of MH7A cells, which was enhanced by TNF-α. In CIA models, SP2509 treatment ameliorated RA development, reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and alleviating joint pathological symptoms. These findings underscore the significance of LSD1 in RA and propose the therapeutic potential of SP2509.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziliang Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nantong First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, No.666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peipei Li
- Department of Operating Room, Nantong First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong, 226000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dagong Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nantong First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, No.666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yalong Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Qidong People's Hospital, Affiliated Qidong Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nantong First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, No.666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nantong First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, No.666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nantong First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, No.666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nantong First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, No.666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Haiping Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Nantong First People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, No.666 Shengli Road, Nantong, 226000, Jiangsu, China.
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Tjust AE, Hellman U, Giannopoulos A, Winsnes A, Strigård K, Gunnarsson U. Evaluation of Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in Full-thickness Skin Grafts in Mice. J Histochem Cytochem 2024; 72:79-94. [PMID: 38264898 PMCID: PMC10851880 DOI: 10.1369/00221554231225995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Abdominal hernia is a protruding weakness in the abdominal wall. It affects abdominal strength and life quality and can lead to complications due to intestinal entrapment. Autologous full-thickness skin graft (FTSG) has recently become an alternative material for reinforcement in the surgical repair of large abdominal hernias instead of synthetic mesh. FTSG eventually integrates with the abdominal wall, but the long-term fate of the graft itself is not fully understood. This has implications as to how these grafts should be optimally used and handled intraoperatively. This study investigates the remodeling of FTSG in either the onlay or the intraperitoneal position 8 weeks after FTSG transplantation in an experimental mouse model. There was a significant presence of fibroblasts, indicated by vimentin and S100A4 staining, but there were significant variations among animals as to how much of the graft had been remodeled into dense connective tissue. This correlated significantly with the proportion of vimentin-positive cells in the dense connective tissue. We also found that collagen hybridizing peptide staining intensity, a marker of active remodeling, was significantly associated with the proportion of S100A4-positive cells in the dense connective tissue of the FTSG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Erik Tjust
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Neurophysiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Urban Hellman
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Antonios Giannopoulos
- Surgery, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Annika Winsnes
- Surgery, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karin Strigård
- Surgery, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulf Gunnarsson
- Surgery, Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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3
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Su KYC, Reynolds JA, Reed R, Da Silva R, Kelsall J, Baricevic-Jones I, Lee D, Whetton AD, Geifman N, McHugh N, Bruce IN. Proteomic analysis identifies subgroups of patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Proteomics 2023; 20:29. [PMID: 37516862 PMCID: PMC10385905 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-023-09420-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a clinically and biologically heterogenous autoimmune disease. We aimed to investigate the plasma proteome of patients with active SLE to identify novel subgroups, or endotypes, of patients. METHOD Plasma was collected from patients with active SLE who were enrolled in the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group Biologics Registry (BILAG-BR). The plasma proteome was analysed using a data-independent acquisition method, Sequential Window Acquisition of All theoretical mass spectra mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS). Unsupervised, data-driven clustering algorithms were used to delineate groups of patients with a shared proteomic profile. RESULTS In 223 patients, six clusters were identified based on quantification of 581 proteins. Between the clusters, there were significant differences in age (p = 0.012) and ethnicity (p = 0.003). There was increased musculoskeletal disease activity in cluster 1 (C1), 19/27 (70.4%) (p = 0.002) and renal activity in cluster 6 (C6) 15/24 (62.5%) (p = 0.051). Anti-SSa/Ro was the only autoantibody that significantly differed between clusters (p = 0.017). C1 was associated with p21-activated kinases (PAK) and Phospholipase C (PLC) signalling. Within C1 there were two sub-clusters (C1A and C1B) defined by 49 proteins related to cytoskeletal protein binding. C2 and C6 demonstrated opposite Rho family GTPase and Rho GDI signalling. Three proteins (MZB1, SND1 and AGL) identified in C6 increased the classification of active renal disease although this did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.0617). CONCLUSIONS Unsupervised proteomic analysis identifies clusters of patients with active SLE, that are associated with clinical and serological features, which may facilitate biomarker discovery. The observed proteomic heterogeneity further supports the need for a personalised approach to treatment in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y C Su
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Rheumatology Department, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - John A Reynolds
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
- Rheumatology Department, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Rachel Reed
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rachael Da Silva
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Janet Kelsall
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ivona Baricevic-Jones
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David Lee
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anthony D Whetton
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Nophar Geifman
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Neil McHugh
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Ian N Bruce
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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4
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Firl CEM, Halushka M, Fraser N, Masson M, Cuneo BF, Saxena A, Clancy R, Buyon J. Contribution of S100A4-expressing fibroblasts to anti-SSA/Ro-associated atrioventricular nodal calcification and soluble S100A4 as a biomarker of clinical severity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1114808. [PMID: 37090702 PMCID: PMC10117984 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1114808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fibrosis and dystrophic calcification disrupting conduction tissue architecture are histopathological lesions characterizing cardiac manifestations of neonatal lupus (cardiac-NL) associated with maternal anti-SSA/Ro antibodies. Objectives Increased appreciation of heterogeneity in fibroblasts encourages re-examination of existing models with the consideration of multiple fibroblast subtypes (and their unique functional differences) in mind. This study addressed fibroblast heterogeneity by examining expression of α-Smooth Muscle Actin (myofibroblasts) and of S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4 (S100A4). Methods Using a previously established model of rheumatic scarring/fibrosis in vitro, supported by the evaluation of cord blood from cardiac-NL neonates and their healthy (anti-SSA/Ro-exposed) counterparts, and autopsy tissue from fetuses dying with cardiac-NL, the current study was initiated to more clearly define and distinguish the S100A4-positive fibroblast in the fetal cardiac environment. Results S100A4 immunostaining was observed in 4 cardiac-NL hearts with positional identity in the conduction system at regions of dystrophic calcification but not fibrotic zones, the latter containing only myofibroblasts. In vitro, fibroblasts cultured with supernatants of macrophages transfected with hY3 (noncoding ssRNA) differentiated into myofibroblasts or S100A4+ fibroblasts. Myofibroblasts expressed collagen while S100A4+ fibroblasts expressed pro-angiogenic cytokines and proteases that degrade collagen. Cord blood levels of S100A4 in anti-SSA/Ro-exposed neonates tracked disease severity and, in discordant twins, distinguished affected from unaffected. Conclusions These findings position the S100A4+ fibroblast alongside the canonical myofibroblast in the pathogenesis of cardiac-NL. Neonatal S100A4 levels support a novel biomarker of poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina E. M. Firl
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Marc Halushka
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nicola Fraser
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Mala Masson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bettina F. Cuneo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado Anschultz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Amit Saxena
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Robert Clancy
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jill Buyon
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Wu Y, Li H, Qin Y. S100A4 promotes the progression of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute epididymitis in mice†. Biol Reprod 2021; 102:1213-1224. [PMID: 32072170 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
S100A4 has been suggested to be a critical regulator of tumor metastasis and is implicated in the progression of inflammation. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression and possible role of S100A4 in epididymitis. Using a mouse model of epididymitis induced by the injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the deferent duct, we found that LPS administration induced an upregulation of S100a4 transcription (P < 0.05) and a recruitment of S100A4 positive cells in the epididymal interstitium of wild type (WT) mice. Co-immunofluorescence showed that S100A4 was mainly expressed by granulocytes, CD4 lymphocytes, and macrophages. Deficiency of S100A4 reduced epididymal pathological reaction and the mRNA levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α (P < 0.01), suggesting that S100A4 promotes the progression of epididymitis. Furthermore, S100A4 deficiency alleviated the decline of sperm motility and rectified the abnormal expression of sperm membrane protein AMAD3, which suggested that in the progression of epididymitis, S100A4 aggravates the damage to sperm vitality. In addition, both Ki-67 marked cell proliferation and transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling detected cell apoptosis were reduced in S100a4-/- mice compared with WT mice after LPS treatment, indicating that S100A4 promotes both cell proliferation and cell apoptosis in epididymitis. Overall, these results demonstrate that S100A4 promotes the progression of LPS-induced epididymitis and facilitates a decline in sperm vitality, and its function may be related to the process of cell proliferation and apoptosis during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoran Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghe Qin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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Pan Z, Zhang Y, Li C, Yin Y, Liu R, Zheng G, Fan W, Zhang Q, Song Z, Guo Z, Rong J, Shen Y. MiR-296-5p ameliorates deep venous thrombosis by inactivating S100A4. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:2259-2268. [PMID: 34192971 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211023034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep venous thrombosis is one of the most common venous thromboembolic diseases and has a low cure rate and a high postoperative recurrence rate. Furthermore, emerging evidence indicates that microRNAs are involved in deep venous thrombosis. miR-296-5p is an important microRNA that plays a critical role in various cellular functions, and S100A4 is closely related to vascular function. miR-296-5p is downregulated in deep venous thrombosis patients, and its predicted target S100A4 is upregulated in deep venous thrombosis patients. Therefore, it was hypothesized that miR-296-5p may play a vital role in the development of deep venous thrombosis by targeting S100A4. An Ox-LDL-stimulated HUVEC and deep venous thrombosis mouse model was employed to detect the biological functions of miR-296-5p and S100A4. Dual luciferase reporter assays and pull-down assays were used to authenticate the interaction between miR-296-5p and S100A4. ELISA and Western blotting were employed to detect the protein levels of thrombosis-related factors and the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT)-related factors. The miR-296-5p levels were reduced, while the S100A4 levels were enhanced in deep venous thrombosis patients, and the miR-296-5p levels were negatively correlated with the S100A4 levels in deep venous thrombosis patients. miR-296-5p suppressed S100A4 expression by targeting the 3' UTR of S100A4. MiR-296-5p knockdown accelerated ox-LDL-induced HUVEC apoptosis, oxidative stress, thrombosis-related factor expression, and EndMT, while S100A4 knockdown antagonized these effects in ox-LDL-induced HUVECs. S100A4 knockdown reversed the effect induced by miR-296-5p knockdown. Moreover, the in vivo studies revealed that miR-296-5p knockdown in deep venous thrombosis mice exacerbated deep venous thrombosis formation, whereas S100A4 knockdown had the opposite effect. These results indicate that elevated miR-296-5p inhibits deep venous thrombosis formation by inhibiting S100A4 expression. Both miR-296-5p and S100A4 may be potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for deep venous thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichang Pan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Chuanyong Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Yuan Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Guangfeng Zheng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Weijian Fan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Zhenyu Song
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Ziyue Guo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Jianjie Rong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou 215000, China
| | - Yixin Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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Müller A, Krause B, Kerstein-Stähle A, Comdühr S, Klapa S, Ullrich S, Holl-Ulrich K, Lamprecht P. Granulomatous Inflammation in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126474. [PMID: 34204207 PMCID: PMC8234846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) comprises granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). While systemic vasculitis is a hallmark of all AAV, GPA is characterized by extravascular granulomatous inflammation, preferentially affecting the respiratory tract. The mechanisms underlying the emergence of neutrophilic microabscesses; the appearance of multinucleated giant cells; and subsequent granuloma formation, finally leading to scarred or destroyed tissue in GPA, are still incompletely understood. This review summarizes findings describing the presence and function of molecules and cells contributing to granulomatous inflammation in the respiratory tract and to renal inflammation observed in GPA. In addition, factors affecting or promoting the development of granulomatous inflammation such as microbial infections, the nasal microbiome, and the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMP) are discussed. Further, on the basis of numerous results, we argue that, in situ, various ways of exposure linked with a high number of infiltrating proteinase 3 (PR3)- and myeloperoxidase (MPO)-expressing leukocytes lower the threshold for the presentation of an altered PR3 and possibly also of MPO, provoking the local development of ANCA autoimmune responses, aided by the formation of ectopic lymphoid structures. Although extravascular granulomatous inflammation is unique to GPA, similar molecular and cellular patterns can be found in both the respiratory tract and kidney tissue of GPA and MPA patients; for example, the antimicrobial peptide LL37, CD163+ macrophages, or regulatory T cells. Therefore, we postulate that granulomatous inflammation in GPA or PR3-AAV is intertwined with autoimmune and destructive mechanisms also seen at other sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Müller
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany; (B.K.); (A.K.-S.); (S.C.); (S.K.); (P.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-451-5005-0867
| | - Bettina Krause
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany; (B.K.); (A.K.-S.); (S.C.); (S.K.); (P.L.)
- Institute of Anatomy & Experimental Morphology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, 20251 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Anja Kerstein-Stähle
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany; (B.K.); (A.K.-S.); (S.C.); (S.K.); (P.L.)
| | - Sara Comdühr
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany; (B.K.); (A.K.-S.); (S.C.); (S.K.); (P.L.)
| | - Sebastian Klapa
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany; (B.K.); (A.K.-S.); (S.C.); (S.K.); (P.L.)
- Institute of Experimental Medicine c/o German Naval Medical Institute, Carl-Albrechts University of Kiel, 24119 Kronshagen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ullrich
- Institute of Anatomy & Experimental Morphology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, University of Hamburg, 20251 Hamburg, Germany;
- Municipal Hospital Kiel, 24116 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Peter Lamprecht
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Luebeck, 23562 Luebeck, Germany; (B.K.); (A.K.-S.); (S.C.); (S.K.); (P.L.)
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8
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Stiffel VM, Thomas A, Rundle CH, Sheng MHC, Lau KHW. The EphA4 Signaling is Anti-catabolic in Synoviocytes but Pro-anabolic in Articular Chondrocytes. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 107:576-592. [PMID: 32816052 PMCID: PMC7606366 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00747-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The expression and activation of EphA4 in the various cell types in a knee joint was upregulated upon an intraarticular injury. To determine if EphA4 signaling plays a role in osteoarthritis, we determined whether deficient EphA4 expression (in EphA4 knockout mice) or upregulation of the EphA4 signaling (with the EfnA4-fc treatment) would alter cellular functions of synoviocytes and articular chondrocytes. In synoviocytes, deficient EphA4 expression enhanced, whereas activation of the EphA4 signaling reduced, expression and secretion of key inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteases. Conversely, in articular chondrocytes, activation of the EphA4 signaling upregulated, while deficient EphA4 expression reduced, expression levels of chondrogenic genes (e.g., aggrecan, lubricin, type-2 collagen, and Sox9). EfnA4-fc treatment in wildtype, but not EphA4-deficient, articular chondrocytes promoted the formation and activity of acidic proteoglycan-producing colonies. Activation of the EphA4 signaling in articular chondrocytes upregulated Rac1/2 and downregulated RhoA via enhancing Vav1 and reducing Ephexin1 activation, respectively. However, activation of the EphA4 signaling in synoviocytes suppressed the Vav/Rac signaling while upregulated the Ephexin/Rho signaling. In summary, the EphA4 signaling in synoviocytes is largely of anti-catabolic nature through suppression of the expression of inflammatory cytokines and matrix proteases, but in articular chondrocytes the signaling is pro-anabolic in that it promotes the biosynthesis of articular cartilage. The contrasting action of the EphA4 signaling in synoviocytes as opposing to articular chondrocytes may in part be mediated through the opposite differential effects of the EphA4 signaling on the Vav/Rac signaling and Ephexin/Rho signaling in the two skeletal cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia M Stiffel
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center (151), Jerry L. Pettis Memorial V.A. Medical Center, 11201 Benton Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92357, USA
| | - Alexander Thomas
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center (151), Jerry L. Pettis Memorial V.A. Medical Center, 11201 Benton Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92357, USA
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Charles H Rundle
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center (151), Jerry L. Pettis Memorial V.A. Medical Center, 11201 Benton Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92357, USA
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Matilda H-C Sheng
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center (151), Jerry L. Pettis Memorial V.A. Medical Center, 11201 Benton Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92357, USA
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Kin-Hing William Lau
- Musculoskeletal Disease Center (151), Jerry L. Pettis Memorial V.A. Medical Center, 11201 Benton Street, Loma Linda, CA, 92357, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
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9
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De Munck DG, Leloup AJA, De Meyer GRY, Martinet W, Fransen P. Defective autophagy in vascular smooth muscle cells increases passive stiffness of the mouse aortic vessel wall. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:1031-1040. [PMID: 32488322 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02408-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aging and associated progressive arterial stiffening are both important predictors for the development of cardiovascular diseases. Recent evidence showed that autophagy, a catabolic cellular mechanism responsible for nutrient recycling, plays a major role in the physiology of vascular cells such as endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Moreover, several autophagy inducing compounds are effective in treating arterial stiffness. Yet, a direct link between VSMC autophagy and arterial stiffness remains largely unidentified. Therefore, we investigated the effects of a VSMC-specific deletion of the essential autophagy-related gene Atg7 in young mice (3.5 months) (Atg7F/F SM22α-Cre+ mice) on the biomechanical properties of the aorta, using an in-house developed Rodent Oscillatory Tension Set-up to study Arterial Compliance (ROTSAC). Aortic segments of Atg7F/F SM22α-Cre+ mice displayed attenuated compliance and higher arterial stiffness, which was more evident at higher distention pressures. Passive aortic wall remodeling, rather than differences in VSMC tone, is responsible for these phenomena, since differences in compliance and stiffness between Atg7+/+ SM22α-Cre+ and Atg7F/F SM22α-Cre+ aortas were more pronounced when VSMCs were completely relaxed by the addition of exogenous nitric oxide. These observations are supported by histological data showing a 13% increase in medial wall thickness and a 14% decrease in elastin along with elevated elastin fragmentation. In addition, expression of the calcium-binding protein S100A4, which is linked to matrix remodeling, was elevated in aortic segments of Atg7F/F SM22α-Cre+ mice. Overall, these findings illustrate that autophagy exerts a crucial role in defining arterial wall compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien G De Munck
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Arthur J A Leloup
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guido R Y De Meyer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Martinet
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paul Fransen
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Antwerp, Belgium.
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10
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Li Z, Li Y, Liu S, Qin Z. Extracellular S100A4 as a key player in fibrotic diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:5973-5983. [PMID: 32307910 PMCID: PMC7294136 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is characterized by fibroblast activation, extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation and infiltration of inflammatory cells that sometimes leads to irreversible organ dysfunction. Considerable evidence now indicates that inflammation plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of organ fibrosis. S100A4 protein, a ubiquitous member of the S100 family, has recently been discovered as a potential factor implicated in fibrotic diseases. S100A4 protein is released at inflammatory site and has a certain biological function to promote cell motility, invasion, ECM remodelling, autophagy and angiogenesis. In addition, extracellular S100A4 is also a potential causation of inflammatory processes and induces the release of cytokines and growth factors under different pathological conditions. Elevated S100A4 level in patients’ serum closely correlates with disease activity in several fibrotic diseases and serves as a useful biomarker for diagnosis and monitoring disease progression. Analyses of knockout mouse models have identified a functional role of extracellular S100A4 protein in fibrotic diseases, suggesting that suppressing its expression, release or function might be a promising therapeutic strategy. This review will focus on the role of extracellular S100A4 as a key regulator of pro‐inflammatory signalling pathways and its relative biological processes involved in the pathogenesis of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Li
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanan Li
- School of Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS-University of Tokyo Joint Laboratory of Structural Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS-University of Tokyo Joint Laboratory of Structural Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihai Qin
- Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, CAS-University of Tokyo Joint Laboratory of Structural Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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11
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Abstract
Until recently, autoimmune disease research has primarily been focused on elucidating the role of the adaptive immune system. In the past decade or so, the role of the innate immune system in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity has increasingly been realized. Recent findings have elucidated paradigm-shifting concepts, for example, the implications of "trained immunity" and a dysbiotic microbiome in the susceptibility of predisposed individuals to clinical autoimmunity. In addition, the application of modern technologies such as the quantum dot (Qdot) system and 'Omics' (e.g., genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) data-processing tools has proven fruitful in revisiting mechanisms underlying autoimmune pathogenesis and in identifying novel therapeutic targets. This review highlights recent findings discussed at the American Autoimmune Related Disease Association (AARDA) 2019 colloquium. The findings covering autoimmune diseases and autoinflammatory diseases illustrate how new developments in common innate immune pathways can contribute to the better understanding and management of these immune-mediated disorders.
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12
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Šumová B, Cerezo LA, Hulejová H, Prajzlerová K, Tomčík M, Bubová K, Štěpán J, Filková M, Kropáčková T, Grigorian M, Pavelka K, Vencovský J, Šenolt L. S100A4 is elevated in axial spondyloarthritis: a potential link to disease severity. BMC Rheumatol 2020; 4:13. [PMID: 32021963 PMCID: PMC6993388 DOI: 10.1186/s41927-019-0110-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background S100A4 is a member of calcium binding S100 protein family well known for its role in cancer progression and metastasis. Nevertheless, S100A4 also serves as a negative regulator of bone formation. Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), marker of bone remodelling, is also implicated in the process of syndesmophyte formation in ankylosing spondylitis. The aim of our study was to evaluate plasma levels of S100A4 in patients with axial spondyloarthritis and to determine the potential association of S100A4 with disease severity, clinical manifestations and with bone changes in a cross-sectional study. Methods Fifty-eight patients with axial spondyloarthritis and 40 healthy controls were studied. Biological samples were analysed for S100A4 and Dickkopf-1. Disease activity was assessed according to the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index. C-reactive protein (CRP) was used as a marker of inflammation. Radiographic damage was assessed using the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score (mSASSS). Results The plasma levels of S100A4 were significantly higher in patients with axial spondyloarthritis compared to heathy controls (p < 0.0001). The levels of S100A4 were higher in early stages of the disease and lower in patients with the presence of syndesmophytes (p = 0.009). Furthermore, we found weak but significant inverse correlation of plasma S100A4 with the mSASSS (r = − 0.363, p = 0.030). Levels of S100A4 were negatively associated with disease duration (r = − 0.404, p = 0.002) and positively with Dickkopf-1 binding capacity (r = 0.312, p = 0.023). Conclusions This is the first study showing elevated circulating levels of S100A4 in patients with axial spondyloarthritis, particularly in early stages of the disease prior to spinal involvement, and its significantly lower levels in patients with syndesmophytes. The role of S100A4 in the pathogenesis of axial spondyloarthritis can be suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Klára Prajzlerová
- 1Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic.,2Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Tomčík
- 1Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic.,2Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristýna Bubová
- 1Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic.,2Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Štěpán
- 1Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic.,2Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mária Filková
- 1Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic.,2Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Kropáčková
- 1Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic.,2Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Mariam Grigorian
- 3Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karel Pavelka
- 1Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic.,2Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Vencovský
- 1Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic.,2Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Šenolt
- 1Institute of Rheumatology, Prague, Czech Republic.,2Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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13
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Wu Y, Zhang J, Qin Y. S100A4 promotes the development of lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse endometritis. Biol Reprod 2019; 99:960-967. [PMID: 29800090 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioy124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
S100A4 is suggested to be a critical regulator of tumor metastasis, and implicated in progression of inflammation. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression and possible role of S100A4 in endometritis. Using a mouse model of endometritis induced by local injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), we found that infection induced recruitment of S100A4-positive cells in the endometrium of wild-type mice. Deficiency of S100A4 reduced uterine pathological reaction and mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β and TNF-α (P < 0.01), suggesting S100A4 promoted the progression of endometritis. To further explore the potential mechanism, we examined the cellular proliferation and apoptosis in the endometrium. Western blot and immunohistochemical results showed that cell apoptosis in uterus during endometritis, marked by cleaved-Caspase 3 protein, was significantly cut down in S100a4-/- mice; cell proliferation, which was indicated by Ki-67, was also significantly decreased in the inflamed endometrial stroma of S100a4-/- mice. Overall, these results demonstrate that S100A4 promotes the development of LPS-induced endometritis, and it may be related to the process of cell proliferation and apoptosis during the inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jinhua Zhang
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yinghe Qin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
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14
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Wang W, Ma K, Liu J, Li F. Ginkgo bilobaextract may alleviate viral myocarditis by suppression of S100A4 and MMP‐3. J Med Virol 2019; 91:2083-2092. [PMID: 31359441 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Outpatient Department of PediatricsThe First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun Jilin China
| | - Ke Ma
- Outpatient Department of PediatricsThe First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun Jilin China
| | - Jiangtao Liu
- Outpatient Department of PediatricsThe First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun Jilin China
| | - Feng Li
- Outpatient Department of PediatricsThe First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun Jilin China
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15
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Abstract
The metastasis-promoting S100A4 protein, a member of the S100 family, has recently been discovered as a potent factor implicated in various inflammation-associated diseases. S100A4 is involved in a range of biological functions such as angiogenesis, cell differentiation, apoptosis, motility, and invasion. Moreover, S100A4 is also a potent trigger of inflammatory processes and induces the release of cytokines and growth factors under different pathological conditions.Indeed, the release of S100A4 upon stress and mainly its pro-inflammatory role emerges as the most decisive activity in disease development, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic sclerosis (SSc) allergy, psoriasis, and cancer. In the scope of this review, we will focus on the role of S100A4 as a mediator of pro-inflammatory pathways and its associated biological processes involved in the pathogenesis of various human noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) including cancer.
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16
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Neidhart M, Pajak A, Laskari K, Riksen NP, Joosten LAB, Netea MG, Lutgens E, Stroes ESG, Ciurea A, Distler O, Grigorian M, Karouzakis E. Oligomeric S100A4 Is Associated With Monocyte Innate Immune Memory and Bypass of Tolerance to Subsequent Stimulation With Lipopolysaccharides. Front Immunol 2019; 10:791. [PMID: 31037071 PMCID: PMC6476283 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Most DAMPs in inflammatory diseases are TLR2- and TLR4-ligands and according to the current concept, repeated stimuli would result in tolerance. Aims of the study were to verify this assumption, to investigate whether epigenetic effectors are involved and to explore the situation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods: A trained immunity (TI) and tolerance protocol was established using peripheral blood monocytes from healthy donors, β-glucan and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The training or tolerance capacities of RA-relevant DAMPs were tested. Results: β-Glucan-, oS100A4-, HMBG1-, and HSP90-pretreated monocytes showed increased IL-6 responses to LPS re-stimulation. β-Glucan, oS100A and tenascin C induced training of monocytes to release more TNFα. In comparison to β-glucan, most DAMPs tested induced less TI, with exception of oS100A4. Monocytes exposed to oS100A4 showed increased IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα in response to LPS, in spite that both stimulate TLR4. RNASEq upon β-glucan or oS100A4 revealed similar changes in chemokines/cytokines and epigenetic effectors; 17 epigenetic effectors correlated with chemokine/cytokine gene expression; PRDM8 was associated with more chemokine and cytokine transcripts. Knockdown of PRDM8 abolished TI induced by oS100A4. In RA, plasma S100A4 correlated with increased CSF2, and increased PRDM8 transcription in RA monocytes was associated with increased plasma CCL5 and IL-6, as well as therapy-resistance. Conclusion: Bypass of tolerance by DAMPs might be a phenomenon as important as TI, since it could explain how chronic inflammation can be maintained in spite of an environment with multiple TLR2/TLR4-ligands. In RA monocytes, a PRDM8-dependent TI mechanism could be responsible for sustained chemokine/cytokines levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Neidhart
- Department of Rheumatology, Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Agnieszka Pajak
- Department of Rheumatology, Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Katerina Laskari
- Department of Rheumatology, Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Niels P Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Leo A B Joosten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Human Genomics Laboratory, Craiova University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania.,Department for Immunology & Metabolism, Life and Medical Science Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eric S G Stroes
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Adrian Ciurea
- Department of Rheumatology, Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Distler
- Department of Rheumatology, Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mariam Grigorian
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Center of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emmanuel Karouzakis
- Department of Rheumatology, Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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17
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Huang X, Qu D, Liang Y, Huang Q, Li M, Hou C. Elevated S100A4 in asthmatics and an allergen-induced mouse asthma model. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:9667-9676. [PMID: 30569582 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The elevated S100A4 level has been found in some inflammatory diseases. However, the expression and role of S100A4 in asthma is unknown. The expression of S100A4 in induced sputum and plasma from healthy control and asthmatics were assessed by ELISA. Then an allergen-induced asthma mouse model treatment with anti-S100A4 antibody was used to explore the role of S100A4 in the pathogenesis of asthma. The S100A4 levels in sputum not in plasma in asthmatics were significantly increased than those of healthy controls and were negatively correlated with some lung function parameters and were positively correlated with sputum eosinophilia and lymphocyte. The expression of S100A4 in the lung as well as in BALF were also significantly higher in the asthma mouse model and treatment with anti-S100A4 antibody exhibited reductions in inflammatory cell accumulation, inflammatory mediators, and airway hyper-responsiveness. We further showed that LY294002, a specific inhibitor of PI3K, markedly decreased S100A4 expression in lung and S100A4 secretion in BALF in asthmatic mice. In conclusion, these data demonstrated that S100A4 may be involved in the pathogenesis of airway inflammation in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Huang
- The Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, China
| | - Dongming Qu
- The Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, China
| | - Yue Liang
- The Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Eighth People's Hospital of Nanning City, Nanning, China
| | - Qinghua Huang
- The Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, China
| | - Mengze Li
- The Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, China
| | - Changchun Hou
- The Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, China
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18
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Hoogeveen RM, Nahrendorf M, Riksen NP, Netea MG, de Winther MPJ, Lutgens E, Nordestgaard BG, Neidhart M, Stroes ESG, Catapano AL, Bekkering S. Monocyte and haematopoietic progenitor reprogramming as common mechanism underlying chronic inflammatory and cardiovascular diseases. Eur Heart J 2018; 39:3521-3527. [PMID: 29069365 PMCID: PMC6174026 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of cardiovascular events are not prevented by current therapeutic regimens. In search for additional, innovative strategies, immune cells have been recognized as key players contributing to atherosclerotic plaque progression and destabilization. Particularly the role of innate immune cells is of major interest, following the recent paradigm shift that innate immunity, long considered to be incapable of learning, does exhibit immunological memory mediated via epigenetic reprogramming. Compelling evidence shows that atherosclerotic risk factors promote immune cell migration by pre-activation of circulating innate immune cells. Innate immune cell activation via metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming perpetuates a systemic low-grade inflammatory state in cardiovascular disease (CVD) that is also common in other chronic inflammatory disorders. This opens a new therapeutic area in which metabolic or epigenetic modulation of innate immune cells may result in decreased systemic chronic inflammation, alleviating CVD, and its co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate M Hoogeveen
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 55 Fruit Street Boston, MA, USA
| | - Niels P Riksen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Menno P J de Winther
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Lutgens
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Pettenkoferstraße 9, Munich, Germany
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- The Copenhagen General Population Study and Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Ringvej 75, Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michel Neidhart
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Erik S G Stroes
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alberico L Catapano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan and IRCCS Multimedica, Via Balzaretti, Milano, Italy
| | - Siroon Bekkering
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Centre, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 8, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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19
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Ha YJ, Choi YS, Han DW, Kang EH, Yoo IS, Kim JH, Kang SW, Lee EY, Song YW, Lee YJ. PIM-1 kinase is a novel regulator of proinflammatory cytokine-mediated responses in rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2018; 58:154-164. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/key261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- You-Jung Ha
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yong Seok Choi
- Medical Science Research Institute, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Dong Woo Han
- Department of Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ha Kang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - In Seol Yoo
- Daejeon Rheumatoid & Degenerative Arthritis Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jin Hyun Kim
- Daejeon Rheumatoid & Degenerative Arthritis Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seong Wook Kang
- Daejeon Rheumatoid & Degenerative Arthritis Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eun Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeong Wook Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- WCU Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Medical Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Jong Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
- Department of Translational Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Expression and modulation of S100A4 protein by human mast cells. Cell Immunol 2018; 332:85-93. [PMID: 30097176 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
S100A4 protein is expressed in fibroblasts during tissue remodelling and in cancer stem cells and it induces the metastatic spread of tumor cells. In mast cells (MCs) S100A4 have been found in some pathological conditions, but its function in normal MCs remains to be described. The purpose of this study was to characterize the cellular localization of the S100A4 protein in MCs of human tissues with inflammatory or tumor disorders and, to determine the consequence of reducing its expression in MC response. We found that tissue resident MCs stained positive to S100A4. Both human HMC-1 cell line and resting CD34+-derived MCs expressed S100A4, whose levels were differentially modulated upon MC activation. Downregulation of the S100A4 protein resulted in MC growth inhibition, enhanced apoptosis and deregulation of MMP-1 and MMP-10 production. Our results suggest that S100A4 is also playing a role in the MC life cycle and functions.
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21
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22
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Li Z, Liu B, Zhao D, Wang B, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Tian F, Li B. Protective effects of Nebivolol against interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced type II collagen destruction mediated by matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13). Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:767-774. [PMID: 28512729 PMCID: PMC5655365 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0805-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathological progression of osteoarthritis (OA) involves degradation of articular cartilage matrix. Type II collagen is the main component of cartilage matrix, which is degraded by pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β mediated by MMP-13. Nebivolol, a licensed drug used for the treatment of hypertension in clinics, displays its anti-inflammatory capacity in various conditions. However, whether Nebivolol has a protective effect on cartilage matrix degradation has not been reported before. In this study, we investigated the effects of Nebivolol on regulating the expression of MMP-13 and degradation of type II collagen. Our results indicate that Nebivolol alleviated the increase in gene expression, protein expression, and activity of MMP-13 induced by IL-1β. Importantly, IL-1β strikingly reduced the levels of type II collagen in cell culture supernatants, which was reversed by treatment with Nebivolol in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, Nebivolol was found to alleviate the increased levels of phosphorylated IκBα and reduced levels of total IκBα induced by IL-1β, which subsequently mitigated p65 nuclear translocation and the transcriptional activity of NF-κB. Furthermore, our results indicated that IL-1β treatment resulted in a significant increase in expression of the transcriptional factor interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) at both the mRNA and protein levels, which was significantly ameliorated by treatment with Nebivolol. The combination of these findings suggests that Nebivolol can potentially be applied in human OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian, Liaoning, 116001, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoyi Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian, Liaoning, 116001, People's Republic of China
| | - Dewei Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian, Liaoning, 116001, People's Republic of China.
| | - BenJie Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian, Liaoning, 116001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yupeng Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian, Liaoning, 116001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian, Liaoning, 116001, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengde Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian, Liaoning, 116001, People's Republic of China
| | - Borui Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6 Jiefang Street, Dalian, Liaoning, 116001, People's Republic of China
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Cao J, Wu Q, Geng L, Chen X, Shen W, Wu F, Chen Y. Rapamycin inhibits CaCl2-induced thoracic aortic aneurysm formation in rats through mTOR-mediated suppression of proinflammatory mediators. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:1911-1919. [PMID: 28656223 PMCID: PMC5561979 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway on thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) development. The study used a calcium chloride (CaCl2)-induced rat TAA model to explore the potential role of mTOR signaling pathway in the disease development. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent the periarterial exposure of thoracic aorta to either 0.5 M CaCl2 or normal saline, and a subgroup of CaCl2-treated rats received rapamycin 1 day prior to surgery. Without pre-administering rapamycin, significantly enhanced phosphorylation of mTOR and expression of proinflammatory cytokines [i.e., tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin (IL)-1β] were observed in the CaCl2-treated aortic segments 2 days post-treatment compared with the NaCl-treated segments. At 2 weeks post-treatment, hematoxylin and eosin and Verhoeff-Van Gieson staining revealed aneurysmal alteration and disappearance of normal wavy elastic structures in the aortic segments exposed to CaCl2. In contrast, the CaCl2-induced TAA formation was inhibited by pre-administering rapamycin to CaCl2-treated rats, which demonstrated attenuated mTOR phosphorylation and downregulation of the proinflammatory mediators (i.e., TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, matrix metallopeptidases 2 and 9) to the control level. Further in vitro cell culture experiments using aortic smooth muscle cell (SMC) suggested that the inhibition of the mTOR signaling pathway by rapamycin could promote the differentiation of SMCs, as reflected by the reduced expression of S100A4 and osteopontin. The present study indicated that the early enhanced mTOR signaling pathway in the TAA development and mTOR inhibitor rapamycin may inhibit CaCl2-induced TAA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiumei Cao
- Department of Geratology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Qihong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Liang Geng
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Xiaonan Chen
- Department of Geratology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Weifeng Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wu
- Department of Geratology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preeclampsia is a major pregnancy disease, explained partly by genetic predispositions. STOX1, a transcription factor discovered in 2005, was the first gene directly associated with genetic forms of the disease. Alterations of STOX1 expression as well as STOX1 variants have also been associated to Alzheimer's disease. These observations make of this gene a putative therapeutic target. Area covered: Two major isoforms (STOX1A and STOX1B) are encoded by the gene and are theoretically able to compete for the same binding site, while only the most complete (STOX1A) is supposed to be able to activate gene expression. This makes the ratio between STOX1A and STOX1B as well as their position inside the cell (nucleus or cytoplasm) crucial to understand how STOX1 functions. STOX1 appears to have multiple gene targets, especially in pathways connected to inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell cycle. Expert opinion: STOX1-directed therapies, could be directed either towards its targets (genes or pathways), or directly at STOX1. For this the addressing of STOX1 to various cell compartments could theoretically be modified; also it could be possible of altering the balance between the two isoforms, through selectively inhibiting one of them, possibly improving the outcomes in severe preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Vaiman
- a Department of Development, Reproduction and Cancer , Institut Cochin , Paris , France
| | - Francisco Miralles
- a Department of Development, Reproduction and Cancer , Institut Cochin , Paris , France
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Mah SJ, Lee J, Kim H, Kang YG, Baek SH, Kim HH, Lim WH. Induction of S100A4 in periodontal ligament cells enhances osteoclast formation. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:1215-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Biomarkers of Chondrocyte Apoptosis and Autophagy in Osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:20560-75. [PMID: 26334269 PMCID: PMC4613218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160920560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell death with morphological and molecular features of apoptosis has been detected in osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage, which suggests a key role for chondrocyte death/survival in the pathogenesis of OA. Identification of biomarkers of chondrocyte apoptosis may facilitate the development of novel therapies that may eliminate the cause or, at least, slow down the degenerative processes in OA. The aim of this review was to explore the molecular markers and signals that induce chondrocyte apoptosis in OA. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar using the keywords chondrocyte death, apoptosis, osteoarthritis, autophagy and biomarker. Several molecules considered to be markers of chondrocyte apoptosis will be discussed in this brief review. Molecular markers and signalling pathways associated with chondroycte apoptosis may turn out to be therapeutic targets in OA and approaches aimed at neutralizing apoptosis-inducing molecules may at least delay the progression of cartilage degeneration in OA.
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Šenolt L, Cerezo LA, Šumová B, Pecha O, Pleštilová L, Forejtová Š, Růžičková O, Hušáková M, Závada J, Pavelka K, Vencovský J, Mann H. High levels of metastasis-inducing S100A4 protein and treatment outcome in early rheumatoid arthritis: data from the PERAC cohort. Biomarkers 2014; 20:47-51. [PMID: 25489637 DOI: 10.3109/1354750x.2014.989544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of S100A4 as a biomarker in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (RA). S100A4 levels were measured in 59 patients with early RA and in 41 healthy controls. The association between the S100A4 levels and the treatment outcome after 12 months was determined using multivariate regression analysis. Serum S100A4 levels were significantly higher in the patients with early RA than in the healthy subjects and significantly decreased after 3 months of treatment. Diseases activity at 12 months was significantly higher in female patients who had initially high levels of S100A4. Persistently high S100A4 levels predicted poor treatment outcome and S100A4 may thus represent promising biomarker for assessing treatment response in patients with RA.
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Pleštilová L, Mann H, Andrés Cerezo L, Pecha O, Vencovský J, Šenolt L. The metastasis promoting protein S100A4 levels associate with disease activity rather than cancer development in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16:468. [PMID: 25359220 PMCID: PMC4241220 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-014-0468-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim was to evaluate S100A4 protein as a biomarker of disease activity and potential cancer development in patients with myositis. Methods Serum levels of S100A4 were determined in 43 dermatomyositis (DM), 39 polymyositis (PM) and 22 cancer associated myositis (CAM) patients as well as in 77 healthy controls. The associations between S100A4 levels, inflammation, disease activity, muscle strength and cancer development were evaluated. Results All myositis patients had significantly higher serum levels of S100A4 protein compared to healthy controls (median (IQR): 31.5 (17.4 to 59.5) versus 23.8 (14.5 to 33.7) ng/ml, P <0.05). In patients with PM, serum levels of S100A4 protein were significantly higher than in healthy controls (41.6 (24.2 to 123.1) versus 23.8 (14.5 to 33.7) ng/ml; P <0.001) as well as in patients with DM (26.7 (11.3 to 47.5) ng/ml; P <0.05). The levels of S100A4 were comparable between myositis with and without cancer. In all myositis patients, serum S100A4 levels correlated with MYOsitis disease ACTivity assessment (MYOACT) score (r = 0.34; P = 0.001), constitutional (r = 0.30; P = 0.003), pulmonary (r = 0.43; P = 0.0001) and extramuscular disease activity (r = 0.36; P = 0.0001), as well as with creatine phosphokinase (r = 0.27; P = 0.015) and lactate dehydrogenase (r = 0.37; P = 0.002) or c-reactive protein (CRP) levels (r = 0.24; P = 0.038). Multiple regression analysis showed significant association between S100A4 serum levels and extramuscular disease activity (β = 0.552; P = 0.002) in PM patients and with MYOACT (β = 0.557; P = 0.003) and CRP levels (β = 0.391; P = 0.029) in DM patients. Conclusions Circulating levels of S100A4 are elevated in patients with myositis and associate with several disease activity parameters, particularly with extramuscular components. No relation between S100A4 levels and presence of cancer associated myositis was found. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-014-0468-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Abu El-Asrar AM, Nawaz MI, De Hertogh G, Alam K, Siddiquei MM, Van den Eynde K, Mousa A, Mohammad G, Geboes K, Opdenakker G. S100A4 is upregulated in proliferative diabetic retinopathy and correlates with markers of angiogenesis and fibrogenesis. Mol Vis 2014; 20:1209-24. [PMID: 25253987 PMCID: PMC4160443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The calcium-binding protein S100A4 is implicated in cancer cell invasion and metastasis, the stimulation of angiogenesis, the progression of fibrosis, and inflammatory disorders. We investigated the expression of S100A4 and correlated it with clinical disease activity as well as with the levels of osteopontin (OPN), soluble syndecan-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). To reinforce the findings at the functional level, we examined the expressions of S100A4 and OPN in the retinas of diabetic rats and in human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) following exposure to VEGF and the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). METHODS Vitreous samples from 30 PDR and 30 nondiabetic patients, epiretinal membranes from 14 patients with PDR, the retinas of rats, and HRMECs were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemistry, western blot analysis, and co-immunoprecipitation. RESULTS ELISA revealed a significant increase in the expressions of S100A4, OPN, soluble syndecan-1, and VEGF in vitreous samples from PDR patients compared to nondiabetic controls (p = 0.001; <0.001; <0.001; <0.001, respectively). Significant positive correlations were found between the levels of S100A4, OPN (r = 0.52, p = <0.001), soluble syndecan-1 (r = 0.37, p = 0.012), and VEGF (r = 0.29, p = 0.044). In epiretinal membranes, S100A4 was expressed in the vascular endothelial cells and stromal CD45-expressing leukocytes. A significant positive correlation was detected between the number of blood vessels expressing CD31 and the number of stromal cells expressing S100A4 (r = 0.77, p = 0.001). Western blot analysis revealed a significant increase in the expressions of S100A4 and both intact and cleaved OPN in vitreous samples from PDR patients compared to nondiabetic controls, as well as in the retinas of diabetic rats. Co-immunoprecipitation studies revealed a positive interaction between S100A4 and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) in the retinas of diabetic rats. TNF-α-but not VEGF-induced the upregulations of S100A4 and both intact and cleaved OPN in HRMECs. CONCLUSIONS S100A4 represents a valuable vitreous marker molecule in the pathogenesis of PDR and might become a new target for the treatment of PDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Abu El-Asrar
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Imtiaz Nawaz
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gert De Hertogh
- Laboratory of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kaiser Alam
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Kathleen Van den Eynde
- Laboratory of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ahmed Mousa
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Mohammad
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Karel Geboes
- Laboratory of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ghislain Opdenakker
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium
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The metastasis-associated protein S100A4 may be a new potential therapeutic target for rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2014; 35:549-50. [PMID: 25178779 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-014-2765-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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S100A4 regulates the Src-tyrosine kinase dependent differentiation of Th17 cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:2049-59. [PMID: 25035294 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the role of S100A4, a calcium-binding regulator of nonmuscle myosin assembly, for T-cell responses in rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS Arthritis was induced in the methylated bovine serum albumin (mBSA)-immunized mice lacking the entire S100A4 protein (S100A4KO) and in wild-type counterparts treated with short hairpin ribonucleic acid (shRNA)-lentiviral constructs targeting S100A4 (S100A4-shRNA). The severity of arthritis was evaluated morphologically. T-cell subsets were characterized by the expression of master transcription factors, and functionally by proliferation activity and cytokine production. The activity of the Scr-kinases Fyn and Lck was assessed by the autophosphorylation of C-terminal thyrosine and by the phosphorylation of the CD5 cytodomain. The interaction between S100A4 and the CD5 cytodomain was analysed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrophotometry. RESULTS S100A4-deficient mice (S100A4KO and S100A4-shRNA) had significantly alleviated morphological signs of arthritis and joint damage. Leukocyte infiltrates in the arthritic joints of S100A4-deficient mice accumulated Foxp3(+) Treg cells, while the number of RORγt(+) and (pTyr705)STAT3(+) cells was reduced. S100A4-deficient mice had a limited formation of Th17-cells with low retinoic acid orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) mRNA and IL17 production in T-cell cultures. S100A4-deficient mice had a low expression and activity of T-cell receptor (TCR) inhibitor CD5 and low (pTyr705)STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), which led to increased (pTyr352)ZAP-70 (theta-chain associated protein kinase of 70kDa), lymphocyte proliferation and production of IL2. In vitro experiments showed that S100A4 directly binds Lck and Fyn and reciprocally regulates their kinase activity towards the CD5 cytodomain. Spectrometry demonstrates an interaction between the CD5 cytodomain and EF2-binding sites of S100A4. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that S100A4 plays an important part in the pathogenesis of arthritis. It controls CD5-dependent differentiation of Th17 cells by regulating the activity of the Src-family kinases Lck and Fyn.
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Tomcik M, Palumbo-Zerr K, Zerr P, Avouac J, Dees C, Sumova B, Distler A, Beyer C, Cerezo LA, Becvar R, Distler O, Grigorian M, Schett G, Senolt L, Distler JHW. S100A4 amplifies TGF-β-induced fibroblast activation in systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2014; 74:1748-55. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Cerezo LA, Remakova M, Tom ik M, Gay S, Neidhart M, Lukanidin E, Pavelka K, Grigorian M, Vencovsky J, enolt L. The metastasis-associated protein S100A4 promotes the inflammatory response of mononuclear cells via the TLR4 signalling pathway in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2014; 53:1520-6. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keu031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Spatiotemporal expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is regulated by the Ca2+-signal transducer S100A4 in the pathogenesis of thoracic aortic aneurysm. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70057. [PMID: 23922901 PMCID: PMC3726393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims This study investigated whether S100A4 plays a potential role in the formation of thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA). Methods and Results The thoracic aortas of male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 0.5 M CaCl2 or normal saline (NaCl). Animals were euthanized at specified time-points (2, 4, and 10 weeks post-TAA induction). The treated aortic segments were harvested, and mRNA levels, protein expressions and immunohistochemistry of MMP-2, MMP-9 and S100A4 were analyzed. The A7r5 cell lines were used for an in vitro study. Experiments were also performed using human TAA samples for comparison. Localized aneurysmal dilation was observed in the CaCl2-treated segments. The transcription levels of S100A4 and MMPs were elevated in CaCl2-treated segments versus controls, and a significant correlation between S100A4 and expression of MMPs was observed across all time-points. Immunohistochemical studies revealed similar expression pattern of S100A4 and MMP proteins, as well as co-localization of S100A4 with the cell lineage markers (αSMA and CD68) and inflammatory markers (MMPs and NF-κB P65 subunit). The proliferative ability of A7r5 cells after transfection with S100A4 siRNA was suppressed, and down-regulation of S100A4 inhibited MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in vitro. Increased expression of S100A4 was observed in all layers of the aorta wall in human TAA specimens. Serum concentrations of S100A4 determined by ELISA were found to be significantly increased in TAA patients. Conclusions This study established the important roles of S100A4 and MMPs in the development of TAA.
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Erlandsson MC, Svensson MD, Jonsson IM, Bian L, Ambartsumian N, Andersson S, Peng Z, Vääräniemi J, Ohlsson C, Andersson KME, Bokarewa MI. Expression of metastasin S100A4 is essential for bone resorption and regulates osteoclast function. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:2653-2663. [PMID: 23830916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE S100A4 is a Ca-binding protein that regulates cell growth, survival, and motility. The abundant expression of S100A4 in rheumatiod arthritis contributes to the invasive growth of joint tissue and to bone damage. In the present study, we analysed the role of S100A4 in bone homeostasis. METHODS Peripheral quantitative computed tomography and histomorphometric analysis were performed in mice lacking the entire S100A4 protein (S100A4KO) and in wild-type (WT) counterparts treated with shRNA-lentiviral constructs targeting S100A4 (S100A4-shRNA). Control groups consisted of sex-matched WT counterparts and WT mice treated with a non-targeting RNA construct. RESULTS S100A4 deficiency was associated with higher trabecular and cortical bone mass, increased number and thickness of trabeculi combined with larger periosteal circumference and higher predicted bone strength. S100A4 inhibition by shRNA led to an increase in cortical bone in WT mice. S100A4-deficieny was associated with a reduced number of functional osteoclasts. S100A4KO and S100A4-shRNA-treated bone marrow progenitors gave rise to a large number of small TRAP+ cells with few nuclei and few pseudopodial processes. Poor osteoclastogenesis and the low resorptive capacity in S100A4Ko mice may be linked to low levels of surface integrins, impaired adhesion capacity, and poor multinucleation in S100A4-deficient osteoclasts, as well as a low content of proteolytic enzymes cathepsin K and MMP3 and MMP9 to break down the organic matrix. CONCLUSION S100A4 emerges as a negative regulator of bone metabolism potentially responsible for the excessive bone turnover in conditions marked by high levels of S100A4 protein, such as inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin C Erlandsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Mattias D Svensson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ing-Marie Jonsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Li Bian
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | - Sofia Andersson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Claes Ohlsson
- Center for Bone and Arthritis Research at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Karin M E Andersson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Maria I Bokarewa
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Göteborg, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Erlandsson MC, Bian L, Jonsson IM, Andersson KM, Bokarewa MI. Metastasin S100A4 is a mediator of sex hormone-dependent formation of the cortical bone. Mol Endocrinol 2013; 27:1311-21. [PMID: 23798573 DOI: 10.1210/me.2012-1398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
S100A4 is a Ca-binding protein participating in regulation of cell growth, survival, and motility. Here we studied the role of S100A4 protein in sex hormone-regulated bone formation. Bone mineral density in the trabecular and cortical compartments was evaluated in female S100A4 knockout (KO), in matched wild-type (WT) counterparts, and in WT mice treated with lentiviral small hairpin RNA construct inhibiting the S100A4 gene transcription or with a nontargeting construct, by peripheral quantitative computed tomography. The effect of sex hormones on bone was measured 5 weeks after ovariectomy (OVX) and/or dehydroepiadrosterone treatment. S100A4KO had an excessive trabecular and cortical bone formation compared with the age- and sex-matched WT mice. S100A4KO had an increased periosteal circumference (P = .001), cortical thickness (P = .056), and cortical area (P = .003), which predicted 20% higher bone strength in S100A4KO (P = .013). WT mice treated with small hairpin RNA-S100A4 showed an increase of the cortical bone parameters in a fashion identical with S100A4KO mice, indicating the key role of S100A4 in the changed bone formation. S100A4KO mice had higher serum levels of osteocalcin and a higher number of osteocalcin-positive osteoblasts under the periosteum. OVX-S100A4 resulted in the loss of the cortical bone supported by high CTX-I levels, whereas no such changes were observed in OVX-WT mice. S100A4KO mice resisted the dehydroepiadrosterone -induced bone formation observed in the WT counterparts. Our study indicates that S100A4 is a regulator of bone formation, which inhibits bone excess in the estrogen-sufficient mice and prevents the cortical bone loss in the estrogen-deprived mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin C Erlandsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Göteborg, S-41346 Göteborg, Sweden.
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Dahlmann M, Sack U, Herrmann P, Lemm M, Fichtner I, Schlag PM, Stein U. Systemic shRNA mediated knock down of S100A4 in colorectal cancer xenografted mice reduces metastasis formation. Oncotarget 2013; 3:783-97. [PMID: 22878175 PMCID: PMC3478456 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The metastasis-inducing protein S100A4 was found to be a prognostic indicator for the development of metachronous metastases. S100A4 expression levels correlate with the formation of human colorectal cancer metastases and shorter patients’ survival. Inhibition of S100A4 expression in patients might therefore result in decreased metastasis formation and prolonged survival. In the present study, we used shRNA expression plasmids to inhibit S100A4 expression in the colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116, SW620 and DLD-1. Cell lines with reduced S100A4 expression showed reduced cell migration and invasion in vitro. The knock-down of S100A4 expression also led to significantly diminished formation of liver metastases when intrasplenically transplanted in mice (P = 0.004). We then focused on the therapeutic potential of systemically applied shRNA expression plasmids acting on S100A4 via repeated hydrodynamics-based tail vein injection of plasmid DNA. Mice, intrasplenically transplanted with HCT116 cells and treated systemically with S100A4-shRNA plasmids, showed a decrease of S100A4 and MMP9 expression levels, resulting in significantly reduced liver metastases (P = 0.005). In summary, we show for the first time the intratumoral knock-down of S100A4 via systemic application of S100A4-shRNA plasmid DNA, which restricts metastasis formation in a xenografted mouse model of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Dahlmann
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, joint cooperation between Charité, Medical Faculty and Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Establishing diagnoses and distinguishing active disease from chronic injury remain significant clinical challenges in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). Recent 'discovery' approaches utilizing novel genomic and proteomic techniques have revealed candidate molecular biomarkers to augment clinical and classical histological data. RECENT FINDINGS Whole blood and serum Type 1 interferons (IFN-1) and IFN-1 inducible genes are gaining traction as disease biomarkers in IIM. IFNβ is emerging as a disease activity marker specifically for dermatomyositis. Recently, molecules associated with innate immune-cell function, including TLR-3, high mobility group box (HMGB)-1, B7 Homolog 1, S100A4, and resistin have been detected in tissues of dermatomyositis patients. Serum Interleukin-17 (IL-17) and IL-23 correlate with active disease in early IIM. Antibodies recognizing the Survival Motor Neuron complex have been newly identified in a subset of patients with polymyositis. Protein aggregates are potential disease activity sensors for inclusion body myositis. Skin and lung harbor potential biomarkers for IIM. SUMMARY Recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of IIM have led to discovery of molecules that are candidate biomarkers of disease activity. Type 1 interferon and myeloid-cell signatures are leading candidate markers for use in IIM activity monitoring.
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Nubile M, Lanzini M, Calienno R, Mastropasqua R, Curcio C, Mastropasqua A, Agnifili L, Mastropasqua L. S100 A and B expression in normal and inflamed human limbus. Mol Vis 2013; 19:146-52. [PMID: 23378728 PMCID: PMC3559090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the expression of S100 A and B family proteins in normal human limbus and to analyze modification of the expression in inflammatory conditions. METHODS The total expression of members of the S100 family and the expression of A4, A8, A9, and B individually were evaluated in nine normal human corneal limbi, collected from cadaver healthy donors, in particular in the limbal epithelial crypts (LECs), and in five inflamed limbi obtained from enucleated eyes. S100 protein distribution was determined with immunohistochemistry staining analysis. RESULTS Cytoplasmic expression of total S100 proteins was observed in 100% of LECs; in contrast, the inflamed tissues were completely negative, and faint positivity was observed in only one case. Moreover, cytoplasmic expression of S100 A4 and A9 was uniformly found in the entire LECs in all samples analyzed, while S100 A8 positivity was observed in only 44.4% of cases and only in the cells localized in the central area of the LEC. Positivity for S100 B was not observed in all samples analyzed. CONCLUSIONS As reported in the literature, normal limbal epithelial cells show strong expression of S100 proteins. A novel finding of this study was the expression for the limbal epithelial crypts. In particular, S100 A4 and A9, which are normally involved in regulating a wide range of biologic effects, including cell motility, survival, and differentiation, are the most expressed members in healthy limbal crypts. In inflamed tissues, expression of S100 proteins was dramatically decreased. S100 proteins, and in particular S100 A4 and S100 A9, can be useful as markers of early changes in stem cell niches due to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Nubile
- Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, Ophthalmology Clinic, University “G. D'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Manuela Lanzini
- Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, Ophthalmology Clinic, University “G. D'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Roberta Calienno
- Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, Ophthalmology Clinic, University “G. D'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | | | - Claudia Curcio
- Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, Ophthalmology Clinic, University “G. D'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | | | - Luca Agnifili
- Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, Ophthalmology Clinic, University “G. D'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Leonardo Mastropasqua
- Department of Medicine and Science of Ageing, Ophthalmology Clinic, University “G. D'Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Italy
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Paban V, Billard JM, Bouet V, Freret T, Boulouard M, Chambon C, Loriod B, Alescio-Lautier B. Genomic transcriptional profiling in LOU/C/Jall rats identifies genes for successful aging. Brain Struct Funct 2012; 218:1501-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00429-012-0472-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Erlandsson MC, Forslind K, Andersson SEM, Lund A, Bokarewa MI. Metastasin S100A4 is increased in proportion to radiographic damage in patients with RA. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012; 51:932-40. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Berge G, Pettersen S, Grotterød I, Bettum IJ, Boye K, Mælandsmo GM. Osteopontin--an important downstream effector of S100A4-mediated invasion and metastasis. Int J Cancer 2011; 129:780-90. [PMID: 20957651 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Substantial evidence has linked the small calcium-binding protein S100A4 to metastatic progression. S100A4-mediated effects include stimulation of angiogenesis, regulation of cell death and increased cell motility and invasion, but the exact molecular mechanisms by which the protein exerts these effects are incompletely elucidated. In the present study, we demonstrate that S100A4 induces NF-κB-dependent expression and secretion of osteopontin (OPN) in a selection of osteosarcoma cell lines. OPN is, as S100A4, known to result in a variety of cellular effects potentially leading to increased angiogenesis and metastasis, and several of the activated signaling pathways are common for the two proteins. In our study, extracellular S100A4 was found to upregulate enzymes of the plasminogen activator system and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family, especially urokinase plasminogen activator and MMP-13. Furthermore, increased motility and invasion was observed in vitro as a result of S100A4 treatment. OPN expression was inhibited by the use of siRNA molecules, and a partial blocking of S100A4-induced effects on protease expression and invasive capacity was detected. In conclusion, our results suggest regulation of OPN as a downstream molecular mechanism of S100A4 signaling. This novel finding adds more information to how S100A4 mediates tumor development and metastatic progression. The observation of a link between S100A4 and OPN, and also identification of common downstream effect molecules, highlights them, their receptors or downstream proteins, as targets for therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisle Berge
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
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Andres Cerezo L, Kuncova K, Mann H, Tomcik M, Zamecnik J, Lukanidin E, Neidhart M, Gay S, Grigorian M, Vencovsky J, Senolt L. The metastasis promoting protein S100A4 is increased in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011; 50:1766-72. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes by activation of the p38 MAPK/c-Fos/AP-1 and JAK/STAT pathways. Arch Pharm Res 2011; 34:109-17. [PMID: 21468922 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-011-0113-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13, mammalian collagenase) degrades the cartilage matrix in pathological conditions such as osteoarthritis. Here, to establish the signaling pathway to MMP-13 induction, effects of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and the possibility of some other signaling pathways involved are investigated in interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-treated human chondrosarcoma cell line, SW1353 cells. IL-1β (10 ng/mL) treatment induced MMP-13 in SW1353 cells, with concomitant activation of nuclear factor-κB, activator protein-1 (AP-1) and MAPKs, including extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, p38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Among these MAPKs, only p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) blocked MMP-13 induction and AP-1 activation in IL-1β-treated SW1353 cells. SB203580 also inhibited c-Fos translocation to the nucleus (but not c-Jun). Importantly, IL-1β treatment induced Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1/2 (STAT1/2) activation. The JAK2 inhibitor (AG490) blocked STAT1/2 activation as well as MMP-13 induction in IL-1β-treated SW1353 cells. STAT1/2 siRNA transfection also reduced MMP-13 expression levels. Thus, from the present study, it is concluded that p38 MAPK/c-Fos/AP-1 and JAK2/STAT1/2 are involved in MMP-13 induction of IL-1β-treated human chondrocytes, SW1353 cells. Blocking these signaling pathways may have chondroprotective effects in cartilage degeneration.
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Fibroblast-specific protein 1 identifies an inflammatory subpopulation of macrophages in the liver. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 108:308-13. [PMID: 21173249 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1017547108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cirrhosis is the end result of chronic liver disease. Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) are believed to be the major source of collagen-producing myofibroblasts in cirrhotic livers. Portal fibroblasts, bone marrow-derived cells, and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) might also contribute to the myofibroblast population in damaged livers. Fibroblast-specific protein 1 (FSP1, also called S100A4) is considered a marker of fibroblasts in different organs undergoing tissue remodeling and is used to identify fibroblasts derived from EMT in several organs including the liver. The aim of this study was to characterize FSP1-positive cells in human and experimental liver disease. FSP1-positive cells were increased in human and mouse experimental liver injury including liver cancer. However, FSP1 was not expressed by HSC or type I collagen-producing fibroblasts. Likewise, FSP1-positive cells did not express classical myofibroblast markers, including αSMA and desmin, and were not myofibroblast precursors in injured livers as evaluated by genetic lineage tracing experiments. Surprisingly, FSP1-positive cells expressed F4/80 and other markers of the myeloid-monocytic lineage as evaluated by double immunofluorescence staining, cell fate tracking, flow cytometry, and transcriptional profiling. Similar results were obtained for bone marrow-derived and peritoneal macrophages. FSP1-positive cells were characterized by increased expression of COX2, osteopontin, inflammatory cytokines, and chemokines but reduced expression of MMP3 and TIMP3 compared with Kupffer cells/macrophages. These findings suggest that FSP1 is a marker of a specific subset of inflammatory macrophages in liver injury, fibrosis, and cancer.
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Niedermeier M, Pap T, Korb A. Therapeutic opportunities in fibroblasts in inflammatory arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2010; 24:527-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2010.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Forst B, Hansen MT, Klingelhöfer J, Møller HD, Nielsen GH, Grum-Schwensen B, Ambartsumian N, Lukanidin E, Grigorian M. Metastasis-inducing S100A4 and RANTES cooperate in promoting tumor progression in mice. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10374. [PMID: 20442771 PMCID: PMC2860983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor microenvironment has been described as a critical milieu determining tumor growth and metastases. A pivotal role of metastasis-inducing S100A4 in the development of tumor stroma has been proven in animal models and verified in human breast cancer biopsies. Expression and release of S100A4 has been shown in various types of stroma composing cells, including fibroblasts and immune cells. However, the events implicated in upstream and downstream pathways regulating the activity of the extracellular S100A4 protein in the tumor milieu remain unsolved. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We studied the interplay between the tumor cell-derived cytokine regulated-upon-activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES; CCL5) and S100A4 which were shown to be critical factors in tumor progression. We found that RANTES stimulates the externalization of S100A4 via microparticle shedding from the plasma membrane of tumor and stroma cells. Conversely, the released S100A4 protein induces the upregulation of fibronectin (FN) in fibroblasts and a number of cytokines, including RANTES in tumor cells as well as stimulates cell motility in a wound healing assay. Importantly, using wild type and S100A4-deficient mouse models, we demonstrated a substantial influence of tumor cell-derived RANTES on S100A4 release into blood circulation which ultimately increases the metastatic burden in mice. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Altogether, the data presented strongly validate the pro-metastatic function of S100A4 in the tumor microenvironment and define how the tumor cell-derived cytokine RANTES acts as a critical regulator of S100A4-dependent tumor cell dissemination. Additionally, for the first time we demonstrated the mechanism of S100A4 release associated with plasma membrane microparticle shedding from various cells types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgitte Forst
- Department for Molecular Cancer Biology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matilde Thye Hansen
- Department for Molecular Cancer Biology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jörg Klingelhöfer
- Department for Molecular Cancer Biology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Devitt Møller
- Department for Molecular Cancer Biology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte Helle Nielsen
- Department for Molecular Cancer Biology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Noona Ambartsumian
- Department for Molecular Cancer Biology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eugene Lukanidin
- Department for Molecular Cancer Biology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mariam Grigorian
- Department for Molecular Cancer Biology, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
Articular cartilage extracellular matrix and cell function change with age and are considered to be the most important factors in the development and progression of osteoarthritis. The multifaceted nature of joint disease indicates that the contribution of cell death can be an important factor at early and late stages of osteoarthritis. Therefore, the pharmacologic inhibition of cell death is likely to be clinically valuable at any stage of the disease. In this article, we will discuss the close association between diverse changes in cartilage aging, how altered conditions influence chondrocyte death, and the implications of preventing cell loss to retard osteoarthritis progression and preserve tissue homeostasis.
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Radestock Y, Willing C, Kehlen A, Hoang-Vu C, Hombach-Klonisch S. Relaxin Enhances S100A4 and Promotes Growth of Human Thyroid Carcinoma Cell Xenografts. Mol Cancer Res 2010; 8:494-506. [DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-09-0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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