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Nielsen W, Strand V, Simon LS, Parodis I, Kim AHJ, Desai M, Enman Y, Wallace D, Chaichian Y, Navarra S, Aranow C, MacKay M, Trotter K, Tayer-Shifman OE, Duarte-Garcia A, Shan Tam L, Ugarte-Gil MF, PonsEstel GJ, Reynolds JA, Nikpour M, Hoi A, Romero-Diaz J, Papachristos D, Aggarwal A, Mok CC, Fujio K, Ramsey-Goldman R, Howe A, Kia BN, Bonilla D, Thumboo J, Mosca M, Aringer M, Johnson SR, Drucker AM, Morand E, Bruce I, Touma Z. OMERACT 2023 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Special Interest Group: Winnowing and Binning Preliminary Candidate Domains for the Core Outcome Set. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2024; 65:152380. [PMID: 38281467 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2024.152380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Working Group held a Special Interest Group (SIG) at the OMERACT 2023 conference in Colorado Springs where SLE collaborators reviewed domain sub-themes generated through qualitative research and literature review. OBJECTIVE The objective of the SIG and the subsequent meetings of the SLE Working Group was to begin the winnowing and binning of candidate domain sub-themes into a preliminary list of candidate domains that will proceed to the consensus Delphi exercise for the SLE COS. METHODS Four breakout groups at the SLE SIG in Colorado Springs winnowed and binned 132 domain sub-themes into candidate domains, which was continued with a series of virtual meetings by an advisory group of SLE patient research partners (PRPs), members of the OMERACT SLE Working Group Steering Committee, and other collaborators. RESULTS The 132 domain sub-themes were reduced to a preliminary list of 20 candidate domains based on their clinical and research relevance for clinical trials and research studies. CONCLUSION A meaningful and substantial winnowing and binning of candidate domains for the SLE COS was achieved resulting in a preliminary list of 20 candidate domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wils Nielsen
- University of Toronto Lupus Clinic, Centre for Prognosis Studies in Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vibeke Strand
- Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | | | - Ioannis Parodis
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;; Department of Gastroenterology, Dermatology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Alfred H J Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maya Desai
- Faculty of Design, OCAD University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yvonne Enman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;; Swedish Rheumatism Association, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Wallace
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai; David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yashaar Chaichian
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Sandra Navarra
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Santo Tomas Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Cynthia Aranow
- Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Meggan MacKay
- Center for Autoimmune, Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Kimberly Trotter
- Section of Rheumatology and Gwen Knapp Center for Lupus and Immunology Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Oshrat E Tayer-Shifman
- Rheumatology Unit, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Lai Shan Tam
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Manuel F Ugarte-Gil
- Grupo Peruano de Estudio de Enfermedades Autoinmunes Sistémicas. Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima, Peru; Rheumatology Department. Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Lima, Peru
| | - Guillermo J PonsEstel
- Grupo Oroño - Centro Regional de Enfermedades Autoinmunes y Reumáticas (GO-CREAR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - John A Reynolds
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1724University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mandana Nikpour
- The University of Sydney School of Public Health, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Alberta Hoi
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Amita Aggarwal
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - Chi Chiu Mok
- Department of Medicine, Tuen Mun Hospital, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Keishi Fujio
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Rosalind Ramsey-Goldman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Aaron Howe
- Restore Lab, Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada
| | - Behdin Nowrouzi Kia
- Restore Lab, Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1V7, Canada
| | - Dennisse Bonilla
- University of Toronto Lupus Clinic, Centre for Prognosis Studies in Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julian Thumboo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Marta Mosca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Martin Aringer
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine III, University Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sindhu R Johnson
- Toronto Western Hospital, Mount Sinai Hospital, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aaron M Drucker
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Women's College Hospital
| | - Eric Morand
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ian Bruce
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Zahi Touma
- University of Toronto Lupus Clinic, Centre for Prognosis Studies in Rheumatic Diseases, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Singh M, Wambua S, Lee SI, Okoth K, Wang Z, Fayaz FFA, Eastwood KA, Nelson-Piercy C, Reynolds JA, Nirantharakumar K, Crowe F. Autoimmune diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes: an umbrella review. BMC Med 2024; 22:94. [PMID: 38438886 PMCID: PMC10913233 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03309-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a high prevalence of autoimmune conditions in women specially in the reproductive years; thus, the association with adverse pregnancy outcomes has been widely studied. However, few autoimmune conditions/adverse outcomes have been studied more than others, and this umbrella review aims to consolidate existing knowledge in this area with the aim to provide new knowledge and also identify gaps in this research area. METHODS Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched from inception to December 2023. Screening, data extraction, and quality appraisal (AMSTAR 2) were done by two independent reviewers. Data were synthesised narratively and quantitatively. Relative risks (RR)/odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals were reported. RESULTS Thirty-two reviews were included consisting of 709 primary studies. The review reported the association between 12 autoimmune conditions and 16 adverse pregnancy outcomes. Higher risk of miscarriage is reported in women with Sjögren's syndrome RR 8.85 (95% CI 3.10-25.26) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) OR 4.90 (3.10-7.69). Pre-eclampsia was reported higher in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) OR 4.19 (3.08-5.71) and SLE OR 3.20 (2.54-4.20). Women reported higher risk of diabetes during pregnancy with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) OR 2.96 (1.47-5.98). There was an increased risk of intrauterine growth restriction in women with systemic sclerosis OR 3.20 (2.21-4.53) and coeliac disease OR 1.71 (1.36-2.14). Preterm birth was associated with T1DM OR 4.36 (3.72-5.12) and SLE OR 2.79 (2.07-3.77). Low birth weight babies were reported in women with women with SLE or systemic sclerosis OR 5.95 (4.54-7.80) and OR 3.80 (2.16-6.56), respectively. There was a higher risk of stillbirth in women with T1DM OR 3.97 (3.44-4.58), IBD OR 1.57 (1.03-2.38), and coeliac disease OR 1.57 (1.17-2.10). T1DM in women was associated with 32% lower odds of small for gestational age baby OR 0.68 (0.56-0.83). CONCLUSIONS Pregnant women with autoimmune conditions are at a greater risk of developing adverse pregnancy outcomes. Further research is required to develop better preconception to postnatal care for women with autoimmune conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Singh
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Steven Wambua
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Siang Ing Lee
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Kelvin Okoth
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Zhaonan Wang
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Kelly-Ann Eastwood
- Centre for Public Health, University of Belfast, Belfast, Queen, BT7 1NN, UK
- Michael's Hospital, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, BS2 8EG, UK
| | | | - John A Reynolds
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Francesca Crowe
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Ibrahim ST, Edwards CJ, Ehrenstein MR, Griffiths B, Gordon C, Hewins P, Jayne D, Lightstone L, McLaren Z, Rhodes B, Vital EM, Reynolds JA. Differences in management approaches for lupus nephritis within the UK. Rheumatol Adv Pract 2024; 8:rkae017. [PMID: 38469156 PMCID: PMC10926897 DOI: 10.1093/rap/rkae017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Outcomes of therapy for LN are often suboptimal. Guidelines offer varied options for treatment of LN and treatment strategies may differ between clinicians and regions. We aimed to assess variations in the usual practice of UK physicians who treat LN. Methods We conducted an online survey of simulated LN cases for UK rheumatologists and nephrologists to identify treatment preferences for class IV and class V LN. Results Of 77 respondents, 48 (62.3%) were rheumatologists and 29 (37.7%) were nephrologists. A total of 37 (48.0%) reported having a joint clinic between nephrologists and rheumatologists, 54 (70.0%) reported having a multidisciplinary team meeting for LN and 26 (33.7%) reported having a specialized lupus nurse. Of the respondents, 58 (75%) reported arranging a renal biopsy before starting the treatment. A total of 20 (69%) of the nephrologists, but only 13 (27%) rheumatologists, reported having a formal departmental protocol for treating patients with LN (P < 0.001). The first-choice treatment of class IV LN in pre-menopausal patients was MMF [41 (53.2%)], followed by CYC [15 (19.6%)], rituximab [RTX; 12 (12.5%)] or a combination of immunosuppressive drugs [9 (11.7%)] with differences between nephrologists' and rheumatologists' choices (P = 0.026). For class V LN, MMF was the preferred initial treatment, irrespective of whether proteinuria was in the nephrotic range or not. RTX was the preferred second-line therapy for non-responders. Conclusion There was variation in the use of protocols, specialist clinic service provision, biopsies and primary and secondary treatment choices for LN reported by nephrologists and rheumatologists in the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara T Ibrahim
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Internal Medicine and Nephrology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Christopher J Edwards
- NIHR Southampton Clinical Research Facility, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Bridget Griffiths
- Department of Rheumatology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Caroline Gordon
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Peter Hewins
- Department of Renal Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - David Jayne
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Liz Lightstone
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Zoe McLaren
- Department of Rheumatology, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Benjamin Rhodes
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Edward M Vital
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - John A Reynolds
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Rheumatology, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Akthar M, Nair N, Carter LM, Vital EM, Sutton E, McHugh N, Bruce IN, Reynolds JA. Correction: Deconvolution of whole blood transcriptomics identifies changes in immune cell composition in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) treated with mycophenolate mofetil. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:160. [PMID: 37667347 PMCID: PMC10476284 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03160-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mumina Akthar
- Rheumatology Department, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nisha Nair
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centrefor Musculoskeletal Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lucy M Carter
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Edward M Vital
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Emily Sutton
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Neil McHugh
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Ian N Bruce
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - John A Reynolds
- Rheumatology Department, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK.
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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Reynolds JA, Bradley AJ, Sherwin VE, Remnant JG, Hudson CD. Associations between Johne's disease and fertility in UK dairy herds. Vet J 2023; 298-299:106015. [PMID: 37479055 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2023.106015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this observational study was to quantify associations between Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) antibody status and a variety of fertility outcomes, in UK dairy cattle. Longitudinal milk recording, fertility and MAP antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) milk test data were collated retrospectively from 121,762 lactations in 78 herds. Datasets were structured into appropriate units to suit outcomes and enable temporal association between current and future MAP status, and fertility measures. Current MAP status was categorised according to most recent status within 180 days, with time-related future MAP status assigned based on MAP antibody ELISA milk test data for each cow. Multilevel multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between MAP status and 21-day pregnancy and submission rate and conception risk. Posterior predictions and cross-validation techniques were used to assess model fit and check model building assumptions. A negative association was found between risk of insemination (Odds Ratio [OR], 0.78; 95% Credible Interval [CI], 0.66-0.92) and conception occurring (OR, 0.65; CI, 0.5-0.84) and transition from negative to non-negative MAP test status in the next 30-90 days. A positive association was observed between risk of insemination (OR, 1.34; CI, 1.16-1.52) and conception occurring (OR, 1.26; CI, 1.11-1.43) and transition from negative to non-negative MAP test status in the next 90-180 days. Current positive MAP test status was negatively and positively associated with insemination (OR, 0.59; CI, 0.49-0.70) and conception risk (OR, 1.12; CI, 0.96-1.30), respectively. Herd managers will have had access to test results, declaring cows with past recent or multiple positive MAP antibody ELISA results not to be bred, negatively influencing insemination risk. Overall, these results demonstrate the temporal association between a positive MAP antibody ELISA result and dairy cow fertility outcomes, with particular variability prior to a positive MAP antibody ELISA result.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Reynolds
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - A J Bradley
- Quality Milk Management Services, Cedar Barn, Easton Hill, Wells, BA5 1DU, UK
| | - V E Sherwin
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - J G Remnant
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
| | - C D Hudson
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington LE12 5RD, UK
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Su KYC, Reynolds JA, Reed R, Da Silva R, Kelsall J, Baricevic-Jones I, Lee D, Whetton AD, Geifman N, McHugh N, Bruce IN. Proteomic analysis identifies subgroups of patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Proteomics 2023; 20:29. [PMID: 37516862 PMCID: PMC10385905 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-023-09420-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a clinically and biologically heterogenous autoimmune disease. We aimed to investigate the plasma proteome of patients with active SLE to identify novel subgroups, or endotypes, of patients. METHOD Plasma was collected from patients with active SLE who were enrolled in the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group Biologics Registry (BILAG-BR). The plasma proteome was analysed using a data-independent acquisition method, Sequential Window Acquisition of All theoretical mass spectra mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS). Unsupervised, data-driven clustering algorithms were used to delineate groups of patients with a shared proteomic profile. RESULTS In 223 patients, six clusters were identified based on quantification of 581 proteins. Between the clusters, there were significant differences in age (p = 0.012) and ethnicity (p = 0.003). There was increased musculoskeletal disease activity in cluster 1 (C1), 19/27 (70.4%) (p = 0.002) and renal activity in cluster 6 (C6) 15/24 (62.5%) (p = 0.051). Anti-SSa/Ro was the only autoantibody that significantly differed between clusters (p = 0.017). C1 was associated with p21-activated kinases (PAK) and Phospholipase C (PLC) signalling. Within C1 there were two sub-clusters (C1A and C1B) defined by 49 proteins related to cytoskeletal protein binding. C2 and C6 demonstrated opposite Rho family GTPase and Rho GDI signalling. Three proteins (MZB1, SND1 and AGL) identified in C6 increased the classification of active renal disease although this did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.0617). CONCLUSIONS Unsupervised proteomic analysis identifies clusters of patients with active SLE, that are associated with clinical and serological features, which may facilitate biomarker discovery. The observed proteomic heterogeneity further supports the need for a personalised approach to treatment in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y C Su
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Rheumatology Department, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - John A Reynolds
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
- Rheumatology Department, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Rachel Reed
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rachael Da Silva
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Janet Kelsall
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ivona Baricevic-Jones
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David Lee
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anthony D Whetton
- Stoller Biomarker Discovery Centre, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Nophar Geifman
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Neil McHugh
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Ian N Bruce
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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David T, Su L, Cheng Y, Gordon C, Parker B, Isenberg D, Reynolds JA, Bruce IN. Predictors of British Isles Lupus Assessment Group-based outcomes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: Analysis from the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics Inception Cohort. Lupus 2023:9612033231183273. [PMID: 37463793 PMCID: PMC7614893 DOI: 10.1177/09612033231183273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to identify factors associated with a significant reduction in SLE disease activity over 12 months assessed by the BILAG Index. METHODS In an international SLE cohort, we studied patients from their 'inception enrolment' visit. We also defined an 'active disease' cohort of patients who had active disease similar to that needed for enrolment into clinical trials. Outcomes at 12 months were; Major Clinical Response (MCR: reduction to classic BILAG C in all domains, steroid dose of ≤7.5 mg and SLEDAI ≤ 4) and 'Improvement' (reduction to ≤1B score in previously active organs; no new BILAG A/B; stable or reduced steroid dose; no increase in SLEDAI). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression with Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and cross-validation in randomly split samples were used to build prediction models. RESULTS 'Inception enrolment' (n = 1492) and 'active disease' (n = 924) patients were studied. Models for MCR performed well (ROC AUC = .777 and .732 in the inception enrolment and active disease cohorts, respectively). Models for Improvement performed poorly (ROC AUC = .574 in the active disease cohort). MCR in both cohorts was associated with anti-malarial use and inversely associated with active disease at baseline (BILAG or SLEDAI) scores, BILAG haematological A/B scores, higher steroid dose and immunosuppressive use. CONCLUSION Baseline predictors of response in SLE can help identify patients in clinic who are less likely to respond to standard therapy. They are also important as stratification factors when designing clinical trials in order to better standardize overall usual care response rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trixy David
- The Kellgren Centre for Rheumatology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Li Su
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yafeng Cheng
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Caroline Gordon
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Benjamin Parker
- The Kellgren Centre for Rheumatology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - David Isenberg
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - John A Reynolds
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Rheumatology Department, City Hospital, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ian N Bruce
- The Kellgren Centre for Rheumatology, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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Akthar M, Nair N, Carter LM, Vital EM, Sutton E, McHugh N, Bruce IN, Reynolds JA. Deconvolution of whole blood transcriptomics identifies changes in immune cell composition in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) treated with mycophenolate mofetil. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:111. [PMID: 37391799 PMCID: PMC10311871 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a clinically and biologically heterogeneous autoimmune disease. We explored whether the deconvolution of whole blood transcriptomic data could identify differences in predicted immune cell frequency between active SLE patients, and whether these differences are associated with clinical features and/or medication use. METHODS Patients with active SLE (BILAG-2004 Index) enrolled in the BILAG-Biologics Registry (BILAG-BR), prior to change in therapy, were studied as part of the MASTERPLANS Stratified Medicine consortium. Whole blood RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was conducted at enrolment into the registry. Data were deconvoluted using CIBERSORTx. Predicted immune cell frequencies were compared between active and inactive disease in the nine BILAG-2004 domains and according to immunosuppressant use (current and past). RESULTS Predicted cell frequency varied between 109 patients. Patients currently, or previously, exposed to mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) had fewer inactivated macrophages (0.435% vs 1.391%, p = 0.001), naïve CD4 T cells (0.961% vs 2.251%, p = 0.002), and regulatory T cells (1.858% vs 3.574%, p = 0.007), as well as a higher proportion of memory activated CD4 T cells (1.826% vs 1.113%, p = 0.015), compared to patients never exposed to MMF. These differences remained statistically significant after adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, disease duration, renal disease, and corticosteroid use. There were 2607 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in patients exposed to MMF with over-representation of pathways relating to eosinophil function and erythrocyte development and function. Within CD4 + T cells, there were fewer predicted DEGs related to MMF exposure. No significant differences were observed for the other conventional immunosuppressants nor between patients according disease activity in any of the nine organ domains. CONCLUSION MMF has a significant and persisting effect on the whole blood transcriptomic signature in patients with SLE. This highlights the need to adequately adjust for background medication use in future studies using whole blood transcriptomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mumina Akthar
- Rheumatology Department, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nisha Nair
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lucy M Carter
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Edward M Vital
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Emily Sutton
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Neil McHugh
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Ian N Bruce
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - John A Reynolds
- Rheumatology Department, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK.
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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9
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Carter LM, Alase A, Wigston Z, Psarras A, Burska A, Sutton E, Yusof MYM, Reynolds JA, McHugh N, Emery P, Wittmann M, Bruce IN, Vital EM. Gene Expression and Autoantibody Analysis Revealing Distinct Ancestry-Specific Profiles Associated With Response to Rituximab in Refractory Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatol 2023; 75:697-710. [PMID: 36409591 PMCID: PMC10953047 DOI: 10.1002/art.42404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gene expression profiles are associated with the clinical heterogeneity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) but are not well studied as biomarkers for therapy. We studied gene expression and response to rituximab in a multiethnic UK cohort who were refractory to standard therapy. METHODS We evaluated baseline expression levels of transcripts known to associate with clinical features of SLE using a 96-probe TaqMan array and whole blood samples from 213 patients with active SLE who had been prospectively enrolled in the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) Biologics Register. We measured autoantibodies using immunoprecipitation and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. We determined responses to first-cycle rituximab at 6 months from treatment start in 110 SLE patients by assessing BILAG 2004 disease activity. RESULTS Interferon gene expression scores were lower in patients of European ancestry than in all other ancestry groups. The relationship between blood interferon gene expression scores and scores annotated to plasmablasts, neutrophils, myeloid lineage, inflammation, and erythropoiesis differed between patients of European and non-European ancestries. Hierarchical clustering revealed 3 distinct non-European ancestry patient subsets with stratified responses to rituximab that were not explained by sociodemographic and clinical variables, with responses lowest in an interferon-low, neutrophil-high cluster and highest in a cluster with high expression levels across all signatures (P < 0.001). Clusters in European ancestry patients did not predict response to rituximab but segregated patients by global disease activity and renal involvement. In both ancestral groups, interferon-high clusters were associated with U1 RNP/Sm antibodies. CONCLUSION Ancestry appears central to the immunologic and clinical heterogeneity in SLE. These results suggest that ancestry, disease activity, and transcriptional signatures could each assist in predicting the effectiveness of B cell depletion therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy M. Carter
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeedsUK
| | - Adewonuola Alase
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Zoe Wigston
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Antonios Psarras
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Agata Burska
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of LeedsLeedsUK
| | - Emily Sutton
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Md Yuzaiful Md Yusof
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeedsUK
| | - John A. Reynolds
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, and Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS TrustBirminghamUK
| | | | - Neil McHugh
- Department of Pharmacy and PharmacologyUniversity of Bath, ClavertonBathUK
| | - Paul Emery
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeedsUK
| | - Miriam Wittmann
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg‐UniversityMainzGermany
| | - Ian N. Bruce
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Edward M. Vital
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, and NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeedsUK
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10
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Reynolds JA, Vishweshwaraiah YL, Chirasani VR, Pritchard JR, Dokholyan NV. An engineered N-acyltransferase-LOV2 domain fusion protein enables light-inducible allosteric control of enzymatic activity. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:103069. [PMID: 36841477 PMCID: PMC10060751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Transferases are ubiquitous across all known life. While much work has been done to understand and describe these essential enzymes, there have been minimal efforts to exert tight and reversible control over their activity for various biotechnological applications. Here, we apply a rational, computation-guided methodology to design and test a transferase-class enzyme allosterically regulated by light-oxygen-voltage 2 sensing domain. We utilize computational techniques to determine the intrinsic allosteric networks within N-acyltransferase (Orf11/∗Dbv8) and identify potential allosteric sites on the protein's surface. We insert light-oxygen-voltage 2 sensing domain at the predicted allosteric site, exerting reversible control over enzymatic activity. We demonstrate blue-light regulation of N-acyltransferase (Orf11/∗Dbv8) function. Our study for the first time demonstrates optogenetic regulation of a transferase-class enzyme as a proof-of-concept for controllable transferase design. This successful design opens the door for many future applications in metabolic engineering and cellular programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Reynolds
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Y L Vishweshwaraiah
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - V R Chirasani
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - J R Pritchard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - N V Dokholyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Chemistry, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA.
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11
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Reynolds JA, Faustini SE, Tosounidou S, Plant T, Ubhi M, Gilman R, Richter AG, Gordon C. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies following vaccination are associated with lymphocyte count and serum immunoglobulins in SLE. Lupus 2023; 32:431-437. [PMID: 36631440 PMCID: PMC9843147 DOI: 10.1177/09612033231151603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus are known to have dysregulated immune responses and may have reduced response to vaccination against COVID-19 while being at risk of severe COVID-19 disease. The aim of this study was to identify whether vaccine responses were attenuated in SLE and to assess disease- and treatment-specific associations. METHODS Patients with SLE were matched by age, sex and ethnic background to healthcare worker healthy controls (HC). Anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein antibodies were measured at 4-8 weeks following the second COVID-19 vaccine dose (either BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) using a CE-marked combined ELISA detecting IgG, IgA and IgM (IgGAM). Antibody levels were considered as a continuous variable and in tertiles and compared between SLE patients and HC and associations with medication, disease activity and serological parameters were determined. RESULTS Antibody levels were lower in 43 SLE patients compared to 40 HC (p < 0.001). There was no association between antibody levels and medication, lupus disease activity, vaccine type or prior COVID infection. Higher serum IgA, but not IgG or IgM, was associated with being in a higher anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody level tertile (OR [95% CI] 1.820 [1.050, 3.156] p = 0.033). Similarly, higher lymphocyte count was also associated with being in a higher tertile of anti-SARS-CoV-2 (OR 3.330 [1.505, 7.366] p = 0.003). CONCLUSION Patients with SLE have lower antibody levels following 2 doses of COVID-19 vaccines compared to HC. In SLE lower lymphocyte counts and serum IgA levels are associated with lower antibody levels post vaccination, potentially identifying a subgroup of patients who may therefore be at increased risk of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Reynolds
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Rheumatology Department, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham UK
| | - Sian E Faustini
- Clinical Immunology Service, Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sofia Tosounidou
- Rheumatology Department, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham UK
| | - Tim Plant
- Clinical Immunology Service, Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Mandeep Ubhi
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rebecca Gilman
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Rheumatology Department, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham UK
| | - Alex G Richter
- Clinical Immunology Service, Institute for Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Caroline Gordon
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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12
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Dyball S, Reynolds JA, Herrick AL, Haque S, Chinoy H, Bruce E, Naz S, Parker B, Bruce IN. Determinants of health-related quality of life across the spectrum of connective tissue diseases using latent profile analysis: Results from the LEAP cohort. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2022:6935805. [PMID: 36534822 PMCID: PMC10393437 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Poor health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) is well recognised in patients with connective tissue diseases (CTD). We hypothesised that subgroups of patients across the spectrum of CTD experience different HR-QoL patterns, and aimed to determine patient-level characteristics associated with these different subgroups. METHODS Using the eight continuous domains of the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire we performed data-driven clustering to derive latent profiles (LP) of patients with distinct HR-QoL patterns. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression was used to determine patient-level characteristics associated with each HR-QoL subgroup identified. RESULTS 309 CTD patients completed the SF-36 questionnaire. The most impaired SF-36 domains in each disease group were vitality, general health and bodily pain. The physical component of the SF-36 was consistently more impaired compared with the mental component, with similar scores across disease groups.Three latent profiles were identified with poor (n = 89; 29%), average (n = 190; 61.4%) and excellent (n = 30; 9.7%) HR-QoL. LP were not associated with diagnostic grouping or autoantibody profiles. Black background (OR 0.22 [95% CI 0.08-0.63]), Indo-Asian background (0.39 [0.19-0.78]), concomitant fibromyalgia (0.40 [0.20-0.78]), sicca symptoms (0.56 [0.32-0.98]) and multi-morbidity (Charlson Comorbidity Index, 0.81 [0.67-0.97]) were associated with the 'poor' HR-QoL LP. CONCLUSION Distinct HR-QoL subgroups exist that are not primarily driven by the specific diagnosis or autoantibody profiles. We identified a number of key demographic and clinical factors associated with poor HR-QoL. These factors need to be addressed across the whole CTD spectrum as part of a holistic management approach aimed at improving overall patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Dyball
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.,The Kellgren Centre for Rheumatology, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - John A Reynolds
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Rheumatology Department, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ariane L Herrick
- National Institute for Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Department of Rheumatology, Salford Care Organisation, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford, UK
| | - Sahena Haque
- Department of Rheumatology, Manchester University Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Hector Chinoy
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Department of Rheumatology, Salford Care Organisation, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford, UK
| | - Ellen Bruce
- The Kellgren Centre for Rheumatology, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Sophia Naz
- Department of Rheumatology, Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Ben Parker
- The Kellgren Centre for Rheumatology, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ian N Bruce
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK.,The Kellgren Centre for Rheumatology, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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13
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Sharma-Oates A, Zemedikun DT, Kumar K, Reynolds JA, Jain A, Raza K, Williams JA, Bravo L, Cardoso VR, Gkoutos G, Nirantharakumar K, Lord JM. Early onset of immune-mediated diseases in minority ethnic groups in the UK. BMC Med 2022; 20:346. [PMID: 36224602 PMCID: PMC9558944 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02544-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of some immune-mediated diseases (IMDs) shows distinct differences between populations of different ethnicities. The aim of this study was to determine if the age at diagnosis of common IMDs also differed between different ethnic groups in the UK, suggestive of distinct influences of ethnicity on disease pathogenesis. METHODS This was a population-based retrospective primary care study. Linear regression provided unadjusted and adjusted estimates of age at diagnosis for common IMDs within the following ethnic groups: White, South Asian, African-Caribbean and Mixed-race/Other. Potential disease risk confounders in the association between ethnicity and diagnosis age including sex, smoking, body mass index and social deprivation (Townsend quintiles) were adjusted for. The analysis was replicated using data from UK Biobank (UKB). RESULTS After adjusting for risk confounders, we observed that individuals from South Asian, African-Caribbean and Mixed-race/Other ethnicities were diagnosed with IMDs at a significantly younger age than their White counterparts for almost all IMDs. The difference in the diagnosis age (ranging from 2 to 30 years earlier) varied for each disease and by ethnicity. For example, rheumatoid arthritis was diagnosed at age 49, 48 and 47 years in individuals of African-Caribbean, South Asian and Mixed-race/Other ethnicities respectively, compared to 56 years in White ethnicities. The earlier diagnosis of most IMDs observed was validated in UKB although with a smaller effect size. CONCLUSION Individuals from non-White ethnic groups in the UK had an earlier age at diagnosis for several IMDs than White adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Sharma-Oates
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK. .,School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Dawit T Zemedikun
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Kanta Kumar
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - John A Reynolds
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,Department of Rheumatology, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Karim Raza
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,Department of Rheumatology, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK.,MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - John A Williams
- Department of Rheumatology, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Health Data Research UK, Midlands Site, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Laura Bravo
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Victor Roth Cardoso
- Health Data Research UK, Midlands Site, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Georgios Gkoutos
- Health Data Research UK, Midlands Site, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,Health Data Research UK, Midlands Site, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Janet M Lord
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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14
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Reynolds JA, Gayed M, Khamashta MA, Leone F, Toescu V, Bruce IN, Giles I, Teh LS, McHugh N, Akil M, Edwards CJ, Gordon C. Outcomes of children born to mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus exposed to hydroxychloroquine or azathioprine. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2022; 62:1124-1135. [PMID: 35766806 PMCID: PMC9977116 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES HCQ and AZA are used to control disease activity and reduce risk of flare during pregnancy in patients with SLE. The aim of this study was to determine the outcomes of children born to mothers with SLE exposed to HCQ or AZA during pregnancy and breast-feeding. METHODS Women attending UK specialist lupus clinics with children ≤17 years old, born after SLE diagnosis, were recruited to this retrospective study. Data were collected using questionnaires and from clinical record review. Factors associated with the outcomes of low birth weight and childhood infection were determined using multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression models. RESULTS We analysed 284 live births of 199 mothers from 10 UK centres. The first pregnancies of 73.9% of mothers (147/199) were captured in the study; (60.4%) (150/248) and 31.1% (87/280) children were exposed to HCQ and AZA, respectively. There were no significant differences in the frequency of congenital malformations or intrauterine growth restriction between children exposed or not to HCQ or AZA. AZA use was increased in women with a history of hypertension or renal disease. Although AZA was associated with low birth weight in univariate models, there was no significant association in multivariable models. In adjusted models, exposure to AZA was associated with increased reports of childhood infection requiring hospital management [odds ratio 2.283 (1.003, 5.198), P = 0.049]. CONCLUSIONS There were no significant negative outcomes in children exposed to HCQ in pregnancy. AZA use was associated with increased reporting of childhood infection, which warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Reynolds
- Correspondence to: John A. Reynolds, Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2WB, UK. E-mail:
| | - Mary Gayed
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham
| | - Munther A Khamashta
- Lupus Research Unit, St Thomas Hospital,Department of Women and Children’s Health, King’s College London, London
| | - Francesca Leone
- Lupus Research Unit, St Thomas Hospital,Department of Women and Children’s Health, King’s College London, London
| | | | - Ian N Bruce
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester
| | - Ian Giles
- Centre for Rheumatology, Department of Inflammation, Division of Medicine, University College London,Department of Rheumatology, University College London Hospital, London
| | - Lee-Suan Teh
- Rheumatology Department, Royal Blackburn Teaching Hospital, Blackburn,University of Central Lancashire, Preston
| | - Neil McHugh
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath
| | - Mohammed Akil
- Rheumatology Department, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Sheffield
| | - Christopher J Edwards
- NIHR Southampton Clinical Research Facility, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton
| | - Caroline Gordon
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham,Rheumatology Department, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust,NIHR/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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15
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Tani C, Elefante E, Arnaud L, Barreira SC, Bulina I, Cavagna L, Costedoat-Chalumeau N, Doria A, Fonseca JE, Franceschini F, Fredi M, Iaccarino L, Limper M, Majnik J, Nagy G, Pamfil C, Rednic S, Reynolds JA, Tektonidou MG, Troldborg A, Zanframundo G, Mosca M. Rare clinical manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus: a review on frequency and clinical presentation. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2022; 40 Suppl 134:93-102. [PMID: 35485422 DOI: 10.55563/clinexprheumatol/jrz47c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to review the frequency and clinical presentation of the rarest clinical manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS A list of 6 rare SLE manifestations were defined: gastrointestinal, liver, pulmonary, cardiac, ocular and neurological manifestations. Each topic was assigned to a pair of authors to perform a literature search and article review. RESULTS In total, 149 articles were included in the literature review: 37 for gastrointestinal manifestations, 6 for liver manifestations, 27 for pulmonary manifestations, 50 for cardiac manifestations, 16 for ocular manifestations, 13 for neurological manifestations. Gastrointestinal disorders included several clinical presentations with variable frequency (from 0.5% to 10.7% of the cases); liver involvement included lupus-related hepatitis (9.3%) and autoimmune hepatitis (2.3%). The rarest pulmonary manifestations identified were shrinking lung syndrome, described in 1.5% of patients, while interstitial lung disease and lupus pneumonia were reported in 4% and 3% of patients respectively. Myocarditis and pulmonary hypertension were also rarely described in SLE patients although ranging from 0.4-16% and 1-14% respectively, depending on the methodology used for its identification. Ocular manifestations in SLE included some rare manifestations (reported in less than 5% of patients) and lupus retinopathy that is described in 1.2-28.8% of patients depending on methods of ascertainment. Aseptic meningitis and chorea were also confirmed as very rare manifestations being reported in less than 1% and in 0.3-2.4% of cases respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results of this literature review provide the basis for a better understanding of some less-known manifestations of SLE and for stressing the need for a higher awareness in diagnostic and therapeutic protocols regarding these rare disease aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Tani
- Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Elena Elefante
- Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laurent Arnaud
- Department of Rheumatology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, INSERM UMR-S 1109, Centre National de Référence des Maladies Auto-immunes Systémiques Rares (RESO), Strasbourg, France
| | - Sofia C Barreira
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre and European Reference Network on Rare Connective Tissue and Musculoskeletal Diseases Network (ERN-ReCONNET), Lisbon, and Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inita Bulina
- Reimatoloģijas centra vadītāja VSIA P. Stradiņa KUS IMK Reimatoloģijas centrs, LPRB (Latvijas pieaugušo Reimatoloģijas biedrība) valdes locekle, ERN ReCONNET Affiliated Partner representative of Latvia adults rheumatologists, Pauls Stradins Clinical University hospital, Internal Medicine Clinic, Centre of Rheumatology, Riga, Latvia
| | - Lorenzo Cavagna
- Rheumatology Division, University and IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Nathalie Costedoat-Chalumeau
- Service de Médecine Interne, Centre de Référence Maladies Autoimmunes et Systémiques Rares Île de France, APHP, Hôpital Cochin, Paris, and Université de Paris, Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Biostatistiques de Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Andrea Doria
- Dipartimento di Medicina-DIMED, Azienda Ospedaliera/Università di Padova, Italy
| | - João Eurico Fonseca
- Rheumatology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon Academic Medical Centre and European Reference Network on Rare Connective Tissue and Musculoskeletal Diseases Network (ERN-ReCONNET), Lisbon, and Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Franco Franceschini
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Micaela Fredi
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Luca Iaccarino
- Dipartimento di Medicina-DIMED, Azienda Ospedaliera/Università di Padova, Italy
| | - Maarten Limper
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Judit Majnik
- Semmelweis University, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Hospital of Hospitaller Brothers of St. John of God, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyorgy Nagy
- Semmelweis University, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Hospital of Hospitaller Brothers of St. John of God, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Cristina Pamfil
- Department of Rheumatology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, County Emergency Clinical Hospital Cluj, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona Rednic
- Department of Rheumatology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, County Emergency Clinical Hospital Cluj, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - John A Reynolds
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, and Rheumatology Department, City Hospital, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Maria G Tektonidou
- Rheumatology Unit, First Department of Propaedeutic Internal Medicine, Joint Rheumatology Academic Program, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Anne Troldborg
- Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, and Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Giovanni Zanframundo
- Rheumatology Division, University and IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marta Mosca
- Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
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Akthar M, Nair N, Bruce IN, Reynolds JA. P242 Immunosuppressants can modify the transcriptomic signature in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac133.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background/Aims
Transcriptomics has the potential to revolutionise the way we approach complex diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which is both clinically and biologically heterogeneous. We aimed to explore whether deconvolution of whole blood transcriptomic data could predict differences in immune cell proportions between active SLE patients, and whether these are attributable to the SLE phenotype or medication use.
Methods
Patients with active SLE were recruited from the BILAG-Biologics Registry (BILAG-BR) prior to change in therapy. Disease activity was measured using the BILAG-2004 Index. Whole blood RNA-sequencing was conducted at baseline and FPKM-normalised data was deconvoluted using CIBERSORTx with the LM22 signature matrix used as reference. The effects of five different drugs (azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, hydroxychloroquine, methotrexate and mycophenolate mofetil [MMF]) were explored. Predicted cell frequencies were compared between active disease domains (defined by BILAG A or B score) and concomitant immunosuppressant use using Mann-Whitney U tests with Benjamini-Hochberg correction (significance at p < 0.05).
Results
We recruited 109 patients of whom 104 (95.4%) were female, with a median (IQR) age of 38 years (29-49) years, disease duration of 10 (6.5, 16.5) years. Patients had active disease with a median SLEDAI score of 8 (4-14). For patients taking MMF (53/109, 46.8%), there was a lower proportion of macrophages M0 (0.435% vs 1.391%, p = 0.001), naïve CD4 T cells (0.961% vs 2.251%, p = 0.002) and regulatory T cells (1.858% vs 3.574%, p = 0.007), and a higher proportion of memory activated CD4 T cells (1.826% vs 1.113%, p = 0.015), when compared to patients not taking mycophenolate mofetil. MMF use was associated with statistically significant differences in predicted immune cell (macrophages m0, naïve CD4 T cells, regulatory T cells and memory activated CD4 T cells) frequency after adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, disease duration, renal disease and steroid use. No differences were observed for the other immunosuppressants or between patients with active or inactive disease in each of the nine organ domains.
Conclusion
The use of immunosuppressants can significantly modify the transcriptomic signature in patients with SLE affecting key immune cell type populations differently, highlighting the need to adjust for background medication use in future studies, particularly in those using whole blood transcriptomics. It would also be valuable to evaluate the differences identified in this study to determine whether they can be used to monitor or predict treatment response.
Disclosure
M. Akthar: None. N. Nair: None. O. MASTERPLANS Consortium and BILAG BR Investigators: None. I.N. Bruce: None. J.A. Reynolds: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mumina Akthar
- Rheumatology Department, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Nisha Nair
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Ian N Bruce
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - John A Reynolds
- Rheumatology Department, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UNITED KINGDOM
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UNITED KINGDOM
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Carter LM, Alase A, Wigston Z, Psarras A, Burska A, Yusof MYM, Reynolds JA, Wittmann M, Bruce I, Vital EM. OA09 Gene expression analysis reveals distinct ancestry-specific profiles associated with response to rituximab in SLE. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac132.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background/Aims
SLE patients of European ancestry frequently have milder and more treatment-responsive disease which is poorly explained. Transcriptional signatures are one approach to stratifying SLE which can distinguish by disease activity, autoantibodies and organ involvement but also vary significantly between patients of different ancestry. We developed two interferon-stimulated gene expression scores (IFN-Score-A and IFN-Score-B) that predict clinical outcomes in SLE. Additional modules of differentially expressed genes associated with disease activity have been described but have not been evaluated for association with ancestry or treatment response. Here, we evaluated the association between pre-defined transcriptional scores for these previously described modules, ancestry and response to B cell depletion with rituximab in a multi-ethnic UK cohort with active SLE.
Methods
Baseline gene expression was evaluated in pre-treatment whole blood using a customised 96-probe Taqman array in 213 patients with active SLE prospectively enrolled in British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) Biologics Register on commencing biologic therapy. Interferon status was evaluated using IFN-Score-A and IFN-Score-B as previously described. Gene expression scores representing Plasmablast, Neutrophil, Myeloid and Inflammation-annotated modules were represented by the median expression of 4-16 genes per annotation. Response to first cycle rituximab was evaluable in 110 patients and was defined by BILAG-2004 criteria at 6 months.
Results
128 patients were of European ancestry and 85 were of African ancestry, Subcontinental Asian, East Asian or mixed race. Transcriptional signatures differed between ancestral groups. Patients of European ancestry had lower baseline IFN-scores than non-European ancestries. IFN-scores among European patients were highly correlated with Plasmablast (R2=0.32), Neutrophil (R2=0.54), Myeloid (R2=0.72) and Inflammation (R2=0.62) -annotated scores (p < 0.001). Among patients of non-European ancestry the picture was more heterogeneous; IFN-scores showed no correlation with Neutrophil (R2=0.19, p = 0.08) or Plasmablast (R2=0.02, p = 0.83) scores and their correlation with the other annotations was weaker. Overall BILAG response to rituximab was observed in 70/110 (63%) patients. However, transcript-level hierarchical clustering in non-European ancestry patients revealed distinct profiles for response to rituximab. Cluster 1 were IFN-low and were older with lower serological activity and higher glucocorticoid use. Response to rituximab was observed in only 14%. Cluster 2 were IFN-high with low Neutrophil, Myeloid and Inflammation signatures. 42% achieved a BILAG response to rituximab. Cluster 3 showed globally high expression across all transcript annotations and best response rate to rituximab at 84%. Clusters 2 and 3 were clinically and serologically similar. Clusters derived from European ancestry patients were not significantly associated with response to rituximab but were distinguished by renal involvement.
Conclusion
We describe distinct transcriptional profiles in a multi-ethnic UK SLE cohort. Baseline gene expression, in particular IFN status, stratified response to rituximab among non-European subjects but was not prognostic among European patients. Development of transcriptional biomarkers should account for ancestral variation.
Disclosure
L. Carter: None. A. Alase: None. Z. Wigston: None. A. Psarras: None. A. Burska: None. M. Md Yusof: Consultancies; YY has provided consultancy to UCB. J.A. Reynolds: None. M. Wittmann: Consultancies; MW has received consultancy fees from Abbvie, Celgene, Janssen, L’Oreal, Novartis and Pfizer. I. Bruce: Consultancies; IB has provided consultancy to AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, ILTOO Pharma, MedImmune, Merck Serono. Grants/research support; IB has received research funding from Genzyme Sanofi & GlaxoSmithKline. E.M. Vital: Consultancies; MEV has provided Consultancies to Genentech, AstraZeneca, Aurinia, Lilly and Modus Therapeutics. Grants/research support; EMV has received research funding from Astra Zeneca and Sandoz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Marie Carter
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, University of Leeds, Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Adewonuola Alase
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, University of Leeds, Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Zoe Wigston
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, University of Leeds, Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Antony Psarras
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, University of Leeds, Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Agata Burska
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, University of Leeds, Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Md Yuzaiful Md Yusof
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, University of Leeds, Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - John A Reynolds
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Miriam Wittmann
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, University of Leeds, Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM
- NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Ian Bruce
- Division of Musculoskeletal & Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Edward M Vital
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, University of Leeds, Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM
- NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust, Leeds, UNITED KINGDOM
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Dubey S, Joshi N, Stevenson O, Gordon C, Reynolds JA. Chilblains in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: a review. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2022; 61:4631-4642. [PMID: 35412601 PMCID: PMC9383735 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keac231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chilblains were first described over a hundred years ago as cutaneous inflammatory lesions, typically on the digits, occurring on cold exposure. Chilblains can be primary, or secondary to a number of conditions such as infections, including COVID-19, and immune-mediated inflammatory disorders (IMIDs) with SLE being the commonest. Chilblain lupus erythematosus (CHLE) was first described in 1888 as cold-induced erythematous lesions before the terms 'chilblains' or 'perniosis' were coined. Diagnostic criteria exist for both chilblains and CHLE. Histopathologically, CHLE lesions show interface dermatitis with perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate. Immunofluorescence demonstrates linear deposits of immunoglobulins and complement in the dermo-epidermal junction. This narrative review focuses on chilblains secondary to immune-mediated inflammatory disorders, primarily the epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment of CHLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirish Dubey
- Department of Rheumatology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS FT,Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford,Correspondence to: Shirish Dubey, Department of Rheumatology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS FT, Windmill Road, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK. E-mail:
| | - Nilay Joshi
- Department of Rheumatology, Kettering general Hospital NHS FT, Kettering
| | - Olivia Stevenson
- Department of Rheumatology, Kettering general Hospital NHS FT, Kettering
| | - Caroline Gordon
- Rheumatology Research Group—Institute of Inflammation and Ageing (IIA)
| | - John A Reynolds
- John A Reynolds Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing (IIA), University of Birmingham,Rheumatology Department, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
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Johnson SR, Gladman DD, Brunner HI, Isenberg D, Clarke AE, Barber MRW, Arnaud L, Fortin PR, Mosca M, Voskuyl A, Manzi S, Aranow C, Askanase A, Alarcón GS, Bae SC, Costedoat-Chalumeau N, English J, Pons-Estel GJ, Pons-Estel BA, Gilman R, Ginzler E, Hanly JG, Jacobsen S, Kalunian K, Kamen DL, Lambalgen C, Legge A, Lim SS, Mak A, Morand EF, Peschken C, Petri M, Rahman A, Ramsey-Goldman R, Reynolds JA, Romero-Diaz J, Ruiz-Irastorza G, Sanchez-Guerrero J, Svenungsson E, Touma Z, Urowitz M, Vinet E, van Vollenhoven RF, Waldhauser H, Wallace D, Zoma A, Bruce IN. Evaluating the construct of damage in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2021; 75:998-1006. [PMID: 34962100 DOI: 10.1002/acr.24849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics, American College of Rheumatology and Lupus Foundation of America are developing a revised SLE Damage Index (SDI). Shifts in the concept of damage in SLE have occurred with new insights into disease manifestations, diagnostics, and therapy. We evaluated contemporary constructs in SLE damage to inform development of the revised SDI. METHODS We conducted a 3-part qualitative study of international SLE experts. Facilitated small groups evaluated the construct underlying the concept of damage in SLE. A consensus meeting using nominal group technique was conducted to achieve agreement on aspects of the conceptual framework and scope of the revised damage index. The framework was finally reviewed and agreed upon by the entire group. RESULTS Fifty participants from 13 countries were included. Eight thematic clusters underlying the construct of SLE damage were purpose, items, weighting, reversibility, impact, timeframe, attribution, and perspective. The revised SDI will be a discriminative index to measure morbidity in SLE, independent of activity or impact on the patient, and should be related to mortality. The SDI is primarily intended for research purposes and should take a life course approach. Damage can occur before a diagnosis of SLE but should be attributable to SLE. Damage to an organ is irreversible but the functional consequences on that organ may improve over time through physiological adaptation or treatment. CONCLUSION We identified shifts in the paradigm of SLE damage and developed a unifying conceptual framework. These data form the groundwork for the next phases of SDI development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu R Johnson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western and Mount Sinai Hospitals; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dafna D Gladman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hermine I Brunner
- Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Department of Pediatrics;Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - David Isenberg
- University College London Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, London, London, UK
| | - Ann E Clarke
- Division of Rheumatology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Megan R W Barber
- Division of Rheumatology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Laurent Arnaud
- Service de rhumatologie, Centre National de Reference des Maladies Autoimmunes et Systemique Rares (CRMR RESO), INSERM UMR-S 1109, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Paul R Fortin
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval and Centre ARThrite, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marta Mosca
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Alexandre Voskuyl
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical immunology, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Manzi
- Allegheny Health Network, Lupus Center of Excellence, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Cynthia Aranow
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Anca Askanase
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Graciela S Alarcón
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sang-Cheol Bae
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases and Hanyang University Institute for Rheumatology Research, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nathalie Costedoat-Chalumeau
- Cochin Hospital, Internal Medicine Department, Centre de référence maladies auto-immunes et systémiques rares d'île de France, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France ; INSERM U 1153, Center for Epidemiology and Statistics Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS),, Paris, France
| | - Jessica English
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
| | - Guillermo J Pons-Estel
- Grupo Oroño. Centro Regional de Enfermedades Autoinmunes y Reumáticas (GO-CREAR), Sanatorio Parque, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Bernardo A Pons-Estel
- Grupo Oroño. Centro Regional de Enfermedades Autoinmunes y Reumáticas (GO-CREAR), Sanatorio Parque, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Rebecca Gilman
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ellen Ginzler
- SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Department of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - John G Hanly
- Division of Rheumatology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Center (Nova Scotia Rehabilitation Site) and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Soren Jacobsen
- Copenhagen Lupus and Vasculitis Clinic, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kenneth Kalunian
- University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Diane L Kamen
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
| | - Chynace Lambalgen
- Division of Rheumatology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alexandra Legge
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Center and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - S Sam Lim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Emory University School of Medicine
| | - Anselm Mak
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eric F Morand
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christine Peschken
- Christine A. Peschken, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba
| | - Michelle Petri
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anisur Rahman
- Centre for Rheumatology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - John A Reynolds
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Juanita Romero-Diaz
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Ruiz-Irastorza
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, UPV/EHU, Barakaldo, País Vasco, Spain
| | - Jorge Sanchez-Guerrero
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Mount Sinai Hospital/University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elisabet Svenungsson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zahi Touma
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Toronto Western and Mount Sinai Hospitals; Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Murray Urowitz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Toronto Western Mount Hospital; Senior Scientist Schroeder Arthritis Institute, Krembil Research Institute. Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Evelyne Vinet
- McGill University Faculty of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Heather Waldhauser
- Division of Rheumatology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel Wallace
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center/David Geffen School of Medicine Center at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Asad Zoma
- University Hospital Hairmyres, Lanarkshire, Scotland, UK
| | - Ian N Bruce
- Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, Greater Manchester, UK; Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Jawahar N, Walker JK, Murray PI, Gordon C, Reynolds JA. Epidemiology of disease-activity related ophthalmological manifestations in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A systematic review. Lupus 2021; 30:2191-2203. [PMID: 34928721 DOI: 10.1177/09612033211050337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ophthalmic complications in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) are broad and can occur in up to a third of patients. The British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) 2004 Index identifies 13 ocular manifestations of active SLE, as opposed to those related to previous disease activity and/or the consequences of therapy. We conducted a systematic review of published literature to determine the frequency of ophthalmic manifestations of active SLE. METHODS A systematic literature search of Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE from their respective inceptions to July 2020 was conducted to identify cohort, case-control and cross-sectional studies. RESULTS 22 studies meeting eligibility criteria were included. Most studies featured small sample sizes and were judged to have a high risk of methodological bias. The number and quality of studies did not allow us to confidently estimate the incidence of the conditions. No studies reported epidemiological data for orbital inflammation/myositis/proptosis. The prevalence of each of the other ocular manifestations, with the exception of retinal vaso-occlusive disease, was consistently less than 5%. Retinal vasculitis, uveitis and isolated cotton wool spots tended to be associated with more active SLE disease. CONCLUSION The prevalence of eye disease due to SLE activity is uncommon, but clinicians should be aware that some conditions tend to be associated with more active systemic disease. Further studies to determine the incidence and risk factors for these ophthalmic manifestations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitish Jawahar
- Department of Rheumatology, City Hospital, 1731Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jessica K Walker
- Department of Rheumatology, City Hospital, 1731Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Philip I Murray
- Academic Unit of Ophthalmology, 156654Birmingham and Midland Eye Centre, City Hospital, 1731Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Caroline Gordon
- Department of Rheumatology, City Hospital, 1731Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - John A Reynolds
- Department of Rheumatology, City Hospital, 1731Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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21
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Bondet V, Rodero MP, Posseme C, Bost P, Decalf J, Haljasmägi L, Bekaddour N, Rice GI, Upasani V, Herbeuval JP, Reynolds JA, Briggs TA, Bruce IN, Mauri C, Isenberg D, Menon M, Hunt D, Schwikowski B, Mariette X, Pol S, Rozenberg F, Cantaert T, Eric Gottenberg J, Kisand K, Duffy D. Differential levels of IFNα subtypes in autoimmunity and viral infection. Cytokine 2021; 144:155533. [PMID: 33941444 PMCID: PMC7614897 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferons are essential for host response to viral infections, while dysregulation of their response can result in autoinflammation or autoimmunity. Among IFNα (alpha) responses, 13 subtypes exist that signal through the same receptor, but have been reported to have different effector functions. However, the lack of available tools for discriminating these closely related subtypes, in particular at the protein level, has restricted the study of their differential roles in disease. We developed a digital ELISA with specificity and high sensitivity for the IFNα2 subtype. Application of this assay, in parallel with our previously described pan-IFNα assay, allowed us to study different IFNα protein responses following cellular stimulation and in diverse patient cohorts. We observed different ratios of IFNα protein responses between viral infection and autoimmune patients. This analysis also revealed a small percentage of autoimmune patients with high IFNα2 protein measurements but low pan-IFNα measurements. Correlation with an ISG score and functional activity showed that in this small sub group of patients, IFNα2 protein measurements did not reflect its biological activity. This unusual phenotype was partly explained by the presence of anti-IFNα auto-antibodies in a subset of autoimmune patients. This study reports ultrasensitive assays for the study of IFNα proteins in patient samples and highlights the insights that can be obtained from the use of multiple phenotypic readouts in translational and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Bondet
- Translational Immunology Lab, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu P Rodero
- Chimie & Biologie, Modélisation et Immunologie pour la Thérapie (CBMIT), Université de Paris, CNRS, UMR8601, Paris, France
| | - Céline Posseme
- Translational Immunology Lab, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; Frontiers of Innovation in Research and Education PhD program, CRI doctoral school, Université de Paris, Paris 75005, France
| | - Pierre Bost
- Systems Biology Group, Department of Computational Biology and USR 3756, Institut Pasteur and CNRS, Paris 75015, France; Sorbonne Universite, Complexite du vivant, Paris 75005, France
| | - Jérémie Decalf
- Translational Immunology Lab, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Liis Haljasmägi
- Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Nassima Bekaddour
- Chimie & Biologie, Modélisation et Immunologie pour la Thérapie (CBMIT), Université de Paris, CNRS, UMR8601, Paris, France
| | - Gillian I Rice
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Vinit Upasani
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Jean-Philippe Herbeuval
- Chimie & Biologie, Modélisation et Immunologie pour la Thérapie (CBMIT), Université de Paris, CNRS, UMR8601, Paris, France
| | - John A Reynolds
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Rheumatology Department, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tracy A Briggs
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Ian N Bruce
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Claudia Mauri
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College of London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - David Isenberg
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College of London, London WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Madhvi Menon
- Centre for Rheumatology Research, Division of Medicine, University College of London, London WC1E 6JF, UK; Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
| | - David Hunt
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Medical Research Council Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Benno Schwikowski
- Systems Biology Group, Department of Computational Biology and USR 3756, Institut Pasteur and CNRS, Paris 75015, France; Sorbonne Universite, Complexite du vivant, Paris 75005, France
| | - Xavier Mariette
- Rheumatology, Université Paris-Saclay, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Bicêtre, INSERM UMR1184, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
| | - Stanislas Pol
- Unite d'Hépatologie, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hopital Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Flore Rozenberg
- Department of Virology, APHP-CUP, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Tineke Cantaert
- Immunology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Institut Pasteur International Network, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - J Eric Gottenberg
- Faculté de Médecine de l'Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Kai Kisand
- Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Translational Immunology Lab, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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22
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Reynolds JA, Prattley J, Geifman N, Lunt M, Gordon C, Bruce IN. Distinct patterns of disease activity over time in patients with active SLE revealed using latent class trajectory models. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:203. [PMID: 34321096 PMCID: PMC8320218 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02584-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous systemic autoimmune condition for which there are limited licensed therapies. Clinical trial design is challenging in SLE due at least in part to imperfect outcome measures. Improved understanding of how disease activity changes over time could inform future trial design. The aim of this study was to determine whether distinct trajectories of disease activity over time occur in patients with active SLE within a clinical trial setting and to identify factors associated with these trajectories. METHODS Latent class trajectory models were fitted to a clinical trial dataset of a monoclonal antibody targeting CD22 (Epratuzumab) in patients with active SLE using the numerical BILAG-2004 score (nBILAG). The baseline characteristics of patients in each class and changes in prednisolone over time were identified. Exploratory PK-PD modelling was used to examine cumulative drug exposure in relation to latent class membership. RESULTS Five trajectories of disease activity were identified, with 3 principal classes: non-responders (NR), slow responders (SR) and rapid-responders (RR). In both the SR and RR groups, significant changes in disease activity were evident within the first 90 days of the trial. The SR and RR patients had significantly higher baseline disease activity, exposure to epratuzumab and activity in specific BILAG domains, whilst NR had lower steroid use at baseline and less change in steroid dose early in the trial. CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal nBILAG scores reveal different trajectories of disease activity and may offer advantages over fixed endpoints. Corticosteroid use however remains an important confounder in lupus trials and can influence early response. Changes in disease activity and steroid dose early in the trial were associated with the overall disease activity trajectory, supporting the feasibility of performing adaptive trial designs in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Reynolds
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Rheumatology Department, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jennifer Prattley
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Nophar Geifman
- Centre for Health Informatics, Division of Informatics, Imaging & Data Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mark Lunt
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Caroline Gordon
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Rheumatology Department, Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ian N Bruce
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, Greater Manchester, UK.
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23
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Ubhi M, Dubey S, Gordon C, Adizie T, Sheeran T, Allen K, Jordan R, Sadhra S, Adams J, Daji R, Reynolds JA, Kumar K. Understanding the impact of systemic lupus erythematosus on work amongst South Asian people in the UK: An explorative qualitative study. Lupus 2021; 30:1492-1501. [PMID: 34092136 PMCID: PMC8283190 DOI: 10.1177/09612033211022816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
SLE has a range of fluctuating symptoms affecting individuals and their ability to work. Although South Asian (SA) patients are at increased risk of developing SLE there is limited knowledge of the impact on employment for these patients in the UK. Understanding ethnicity and disease-specific issues are important to ensure patients are adequately supported at work. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients of SA origin to explore how SLE impacted on their employment. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data which are reported following COREQ guidelines. Ten patients (8 female; 2 male) were recruited from three rheumatology centres in the UK and interviewed between November 2019 and March 2020. Patients were from Indian (n = 8) or Pakistani (n = 2) origin and worked in a range of employment sectors. Four themes emerged from the data: (1) Disease related factors; (2) Employment related factors; (3) Cultural and interpersonal factors impacting on work ability; (4) Recommendations for improvement. Patients’ ability to work was affected by variable work-related support from their hospital clinicians, low awareness of SLE and variable support from their employers, and cultural barriers in their communities that could affect levels of family support received. These findings highlight the need for additional support for SA patients with SLE in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Ubhi
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Shirish Dubey
- University Hospitals Coventry, Coventry, UK.,Warwickshire NHS Trust, Warwick, UK
| | - Caroline Gordon
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, West Bromwich, UK
| | | | - Tom Sheeran
- Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Kerry Allen
- School of Social Policy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rachel Jordan
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Steven Sadhra
- Institute of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jo Adams
- Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - John A Reynolds
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, West Bromwich, UK
| | - Kanta Kumar
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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24
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Chew C, Reynolds JA, Lertratanakul A, Wu P, Urowitz M, Gladman DD, Fortin PR, Bae SC, Gordon C, Clarke AE, Bernatsky S, Hanly JG, Isenberg D, Rahman A, Sanchez-Guerrero J, Romero-Diaz J, Merrill J, Wallace D, Ginzler E, Khamashta M, Nived O, Jönsen A, Steinsson K, Manzi S, Kalunian K, Dooley MA, Petri M, Aranow C, van Vollenhoven R, Stoll T, Alarcón GS, Lim SS, Ruiz-Irastorza G, Peschken CA, Askanase AD, Kamen DL, İnanç M, Ramsey-Goldman R, Bruce IN. Lower vitamin D is associated with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in systemic lupus: data from an international inception cohort. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:4737-4747. [PMID: 33555325 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Vitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency and metabolic syndrome (MetS) may both contribute to increased cardiovascular risk in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We aimed to examine the association of demographic factors, SLE phenotype, therapy and vitamin D levels with MetS and insulin resistance. METHODS The Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC) enrolled patients recently diagnosed with SLE (<15 months) from 33 centres across 11 countries from 2000. Clinical, laboratory and therapeutic data were collected. Vitamin D level was defined according to tertiles based on distribution across this cohort, which were set at T1 (10-36 nmol/l), T2 (37-60 nmol/l) and T3 (61-174 nmol/l). MetS was defined according to the 2009 consensus statement from the International Diabetes Federation. Insulin resistance was determined using the HOMA-IR model. Linear and logistic regressions were used to assess the association of variables with vitamin D levels. RESULTS Of the 1847 patients, 1163 (63%) had vitamin D measured and 398 (34.2%) subjects were in the lowest 25(OH)D tertile. MetS was present in 286 of 860 (33%) patients whose status could be determined. Patients with lower 25(OH)D were more likely to have MetS and higher HOMA-IR. The MetS components, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia and decreased HDL were all significantly associated with lower 25(OH)D. Increased average glucocorticoid exposure was associated with higher insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS MetS and insulin resistance are associated with lower vitamin D in patients with SLE. Further studies could determine whether vitamin D repletion confers better control of these cardiovascular risk factors and improve long-term outcomes in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Chew
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Manchester Collaborative Centre for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - John A Reynolds
- Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Peggy Wu
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Murray Urowitz
- Toronto Western Hospital Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases Toronto, ON, CAN
| | - Dafna D Gladman
- Toronto Western Hospital Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases Toronto, ON, CAN
| | - Paul R Fortin
- Department of Rheumatology, Université Laval Faculté de médecine, Quebec, QC, CAN
| | - Sang-Cheol Bae
- Department of Rheumatology, Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, KR
| | - Caroline Gordon
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ann E Clarke
- Divisions of Clinical Immunology/Allergy and Clinical Epidemiology, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, AB, CAN
| | - Sasha Bernatsky
- Faculty of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, CAN
| | - John G Hanly
- Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine and Department of Pathology Halifax, NS, CAN
| | - David Isenberg
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, London, UK
| | - Anisur Rahman
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, London, UK
| | - Jorge Sanchez-Guerrero
- Toronto Western Hospital Centre for Prognosis Studies in the Rheumatic Diseases Toronto, ON, CAN
| | - Juanita Romero-Diaz
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Immunology and Rheumatology Tlalpan, DF, MX
| | - Joan Merrill
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Ellen Ginzler
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Munther Khamashta
- Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine, London, London, UK
| | - Ola Nived
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Rheumatology, Lunds University, Lund, SE
| | - Andreas Jönsen
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Rheumatology, Lunds University, Lund, SE
| | - Kristjan Steinsson
- Department of Rheumatology, National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Capital, IS
| | - Susan Manzi
- Allegheny Health Network, Lupus Center of Excellence, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ken Kalunian
- University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mary Anne Dooley
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michelle Petri
- Department of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cynthia Aranow
- Northwell Health Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | | | - Thomas Stoll
- Department of Rheumatology, Kantonsspital Schaffhausen, Schaffhausen, Schaffhausen, CH
| | - Graciela S Alarcón
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - S Sam Lim
- Division of Rheumatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Guillermo Ruiz-Irastorza
- Hospital Universitario Cruces, Autoimmune Diseases Units, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, País Vasco, ES
| | | | - Anca D Askanase
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diane L Kamen
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Murat İnanç
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Istanbul University Istanbul, Istanbul, Istanbul, TR
| | | | - Ian N Bruce
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, Greater Manchester, UK.,Versus Arthritis Centre for Epidemiology, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
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25
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Reynolds JA, Bruce IN. A molecular taxonomy for systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs): learning lessons from oncology? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 59:2193-2194. [PMID: 32182369 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John A Reynolds
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham.,Rheumatology Department, City Hospital, Sandwell and West Birmingham Hospitals NHS Trust, Birmingham
| | - Ian N Bruce
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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26
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Reynolds JA, Briggs TA, Rice GI, Darmalinggam S, Bondet V, Bruce E, Khan M, Haque S, Chinoy H, Herrick AL, McCarthy EM, Zeef L, Hayes A, Duffy D, Parker B, Bruce IN. Type I interferon in patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease is associated with haematological abnormalities and specific autoantibody profiles. Arthritis Res Ther 2019; 21:147. [PMID: 31200750 PMCID: PMC6567906 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-1929-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the relationships between interferon alpha (IFNα) and the clinical and serological phenotype of patients with systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease (SARDs) in order to determine whether a distinct subpopulation of patients can be identified. Methods We recruited patients with at least 1 SARD clinical feature and at least 1 SARD-related autoantibody from two NHS Trusts in Greater Manchester. A 6-gene interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) score was calculated in all patients, and in a subgroup, a 30-gene ISG score was produced using NanoString. A digital Single Molecule Array (Simoa) was used to measure plasma IFNα protein. In an exploratory analysis, whole blood RNA sequencing was conducted in 12 patients followed by RT-qPCR confirmation of expression of 6 nucleic acid receptors (NARs) in the whole cohort. Results Sixty three of 164 (38%) patients had a positive ISG score. The 3 measures of IFNα all correlated strongly with each other (p < 0.0001). There were no differences in mucocutaneous or internal organ involvement between the ISG subgroups. The ISG-positive group had increased frequency of specific autoantibodies and haematological abnormalities which remained significant after adjusting for the SARD subtype. Expression of DDX58, MB21D1 and TLR7 was correlated with the ISG score whilst TLR3, TLR9 and MB21D1 were associated with neutrophil count. Conclusion In SARD patients, IFNα-positivity was associated with specific autoantibodies and haematological parameters but not with other clinical features. The variable NAR expression suggests that different pathways may drive IFNα production in individual patients. The identification of an IFNα-positive subgroup within a mixed SARD cohort supports a pathology-based approach to treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13075-019-1929-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Reynolds
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tracy A Briggs
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, UK.,Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gillian I Rice
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sathya Darmalinggam
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Vincent Bondet
- Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMRS-1223, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Ellen Bruce
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mumtaz Khan
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sahena Haque
- Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Hector Chinoy
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Rheumatology Department, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford, UK
| | - Ariane L Herrick
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Rheumatology Department, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford, UK
| | - Eoghan M McCarthy
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Leo Zeef
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew Hayes
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMRS-1223, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Ben Parker
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ian N Bruce
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. .,NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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27
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Reynolds JA, Briggs TA, Rice GI, Darmalinggam S, Bondet V, Bruce E, Khan M, Haque S, Chinoy H, Herrick AL, McCarthy EM, Zeef L, Hayes A, Duffy D, Parker B, Bruce IN. E086 Clinical and serological features of increased interferon-alpha activity in an unselected connective tissue disease cohort. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez110.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John A Reynolds
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Tracy A Briggs
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Gillian I Rice
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Sathya Darmalinggam
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Vincent Bondet
- Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells, Institut Pasteur, Paris, FRANCE
- INSERM, Umrs-1223, Paris, FRANCE
| | - Ellen Bruce
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Mumtaz Khan
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Sahena Haque
- Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Hector Chinoy
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
- Rheumatology Department, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Ariane L Herrick
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
- Rheumatology Department, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Salford, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Eoghan M McCarthy
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Leo Zeef
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Andrew Hayes
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells, Institut Pasteur, Paris, FRANCE
- INSERM, Umrs-1223, Paris, FRANCE
| | - Ben Parker
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Ian N Bruce
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
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Edwards N, Langford-Smith AWW, Parker BJ, Bruce IN, Reynolds JA, Alexander MY, McCarthy EM, Wilkinson FL. QRISK3 improves detection of cardiovascular disease risk in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus Sci Med 2018; 5:e000272. [PMID: 30167314 PMCID: PMC6109811 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2018-000272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk scores are calculated using algorithms, including Framingham (worldwide) and QRISK2 (UK). Recently, an updated QRISK3 model was introduced, which considers new variables including SLE and steroid prescription, not included in QRISK2 and Framingham algorithms. We sought to determine the extent to which QRISK3 improves identification of high-risk patients with SLE and whether the score relates to standard and novel markers of SLE-specific endothelial dysfunction. Methods Framingham and QRISK2/3 scores were calculated in patients with SLE (n=109) and healthy controls (n=29) using clinical measures. In a smaller cohort (n=58), markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, including CD144+ endothelial microvesicles (EMVs), triglycerides, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) and high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) were quantified by flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. Results Patients with SLE demonstrated significantly higher QRISK3 scores than controls (5.0%vs0.3%, p<0.001). 21/109 patients with SLE (19%) and 24/109(22%) were newly identified as being at high risk of a CV event when using QRISK3 versus QRISK2 (29vs8patients) and QRISK3 versus Framingham (29vs5patients; p<0.001), respectively. These ‘new QRISK3’ patients with SLE were more likely to have lupus nephritis, be anticardiolipin antibody positive, currently prescribed corticosteroids, had a higher Body Mass Index and systolic blood pressure (BP) than low-risk patients with SLE. Rates of antiplatelet (8/21) and statin use (5/21) were low in the new QRISK3 group. EMVs, hsCRP and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in new QRISK3 patientscompared with low-risk patients with SLE (p<0.05). Furthermore, pulse wave velocity and VCAM were significantly elevated in all high versus low QRISK3 patients. Conclusions QRISK3 captures significantly more patients with SLE with an elevated 10-year risk of developing CVD, which is associated with measures of endothelial dysfunction; EMVs and systolic BP. The adoption of QRISK3 will enhance management of CVD risk in patients with SLE for improved outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Edwards
- Translational Cardiovascular Science, The Centre for Bioscience, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Alexander W W Langford-Smith
- Translational Cardiovascular Science, The Centre for Bioscience, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Benjamin J Parker
- NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ian N Bruce
- NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - John A Reynolds
- NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.,Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - M Yvonne Alexander
- Translational Cardiovascular Science, The Centre for Bioscience, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Eoghan M McCarthy
- NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Fiona L Wilkinson
- Translational Cardiovascular Science, The Centre for Bioscience, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
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Reynolds JA, McCarthy EM, Haque S, Ngamjanyaporn P, Sergeant JC, Lee E, Lee E, Kilfeather SA, Parker B, Bruce IN. Cytokine profiling in active and quiescent SLE reveals distinct patient subpopulations. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:173. [PMID: 30092845 PMCID: PMC6085716 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1666-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with SLE display marked clinical and immunlogical heterogeneity. The purpose of the study was to investigate patterns of serum cytokines in patients with active and stable systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to determine how they relate to clinical phenotype. METHODS Serum levels of 10 cytokines were measured retrospectively in a cohort of patients with SLE and in healthy controls using a high-sensitivity multiplex bead array. Disease activity was determined using the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 (SLEDAI-2K) and British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG-2004) indices. Logistic regression models were used to determine the association between cytokine levels and active SLE. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis was then used to identify subgroups of patients on the basis of cytokine levels. RESULTS Serum chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10) and CXCL13 were significantly higher in patients with SLE compared to healthy controls. Two cytokines (pentraxin-related protein (PTX3) and CXCL10) were significantly higher in patients with active disease after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Measurement of four cytokines (CXCL10, IL-10, IL-21 and PTX3) significantly improved the performance of a model to identify patients with clinically active disease. Cluster analysis revealed that the patients formed 3 distinct groups, characterised by higher levels of interferon alpha (IFNα) and B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS) (group 1), increased CXCL10 and CXCL13 (group 2) or low levels of cytokines (group 3). Group 2 had significantly lower serum complement and higher anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies and increased prevalence of inflammatory arthritis. CONCLUSIONS Multiplex analysis has identified a serum cytokine signature for active SLE. Within the SLE population distinct cytokine subgroups were identified, with differing clinical and immunological phenotypes that appeared stable over time. Assessment of cytokine profiles may reveal unique insights into disease heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Reynolds
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.,The Kellgren Centre for Rheumatology, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Eoghan M McCarthy
- The Kellgren Centre for Rheumatology, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Sahena Haque
- Rheumatology Department, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation, Manchester, UK
| | - Pintip Ngamjanyaporn
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.,Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medcine, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jamie C Sergeant
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.,Centre for Biostatistics, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Elaine Lee
- Aeirtec Ltd, The SmokeHouses Building, Clifford Fort, North Shields, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Eileen Lee
- Aeirtec Ltd, The SmokeHouses Building, Clifford Fort, North Shields, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Stephen A Kilfeather
- Aeirtec Ltd, The SmokeHouses Building, Clifford Fort, North Shields, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ben Parker
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.,The Kellgren Centre for Rheumatology, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Ian N Bruce
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK. .,The Kellgren Centre for Rheumatology, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
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Dyball S, Reynolds JA, Haque S, Chinoy H, Herrick A, Bruce E, Bruce IN, Parker B. 122 High burden of immunosuppressant use in undifferentiated connective tissue disease: results from the Lupus Extended Autoimmune Phenotype Study (LEAP) cohort. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/key075.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Dyball
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - John A Reynolds
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
- NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Sahena Haque
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital South Manchester, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Hector Chinoy
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
- Department of Rheumatology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Ariane Herrick
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
- Department of Rheumatology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Ellen Bruce
- Department of Rheumatology, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Ian N Bruce
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
- NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Ben Parker
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
- NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
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31
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Reynolds JA, Dyball S, Haque S, Chinoy H, Herrick A, Bruce E, Parker B, Bruce IN. 127 Quality of life in patients with connective tissue diseases: results from the Lupus Extended Autoimmune Phenotype (LEAP) study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/key075.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John A Reynolds
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
- Kellgren Centre for Rheumatology, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Resesarch Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Sarah Dyball
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Sahena Haque
- Rheumatology Department, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Hector Chinoy
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Ariane Herrick
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Ellen Bruce
- Kellgren Centre for Rheumatology, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Resesarch Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Ben Parker
- Kellgren Centre for Rheumatology, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Resesarch Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Ian N Bruce
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
- Kellgren Centre for Rheumatology, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Resesarch Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
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Reynolds JA, Rosenberg AZ, Smith CK, Sergeant JC, Rice GI, Briggs TA, Bruce IN, Kaplan MJ. Brief Report: Vitamin D Deficiency Is Associated With Endothelial Dysfunction and Increases Type I Interferon Gene Expression in a Murine Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 68:2929-2935. [PMID: 27390112 DOI: 10.1002/art.39803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and impaired endothelial repair. Although vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased CVD risk in the general population, a causal relationship has not been demonstrated. We aimed to determine whether vitamin D deficiency directly modulates endothelial dysfunction and immune responses in a murine model of SLE. METHODS Vitamin D deficiency was induced in lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice by dietary restriction for 6 weeks. Endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation was quantified using aortic ring myography, and endothelial repair mechanisms were assessed by evaluating the phenotype and function of bone marrow endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and with the use of an in vivo Matrigel plug model. Lupus disease activity was determined by evaluating expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in splenic tissue, positivity for serum autoantibodies, and renal histology. To validate the findings, expression of ISGs was also measured in whole blood from vitamin D-deficient and vitamin D-sufficient patients with SLE. RESULTS Vitamin D deficiency resulted in impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation and decreases in neoangiogenesis without a change in the total number of EPCs. There were no differences in anti-double-stranded DNA titers, proteinuria, or glomerulonephritis (activity or chronicity) between vitamin D-deficient or sufficient mice. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with a trend toward increased ISG expression both in mice and in patients with SLE. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that vitamin D deficiency is associated with hampered vascular repair and reduced endothelial function, and may modulate type I interferon responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Reynolds
- NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, and Central Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Avi Z Rosenberg
- Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, and NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Jamie C Sergeant
- Central Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, and University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Tracy A Briggs
- Central Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Ian N Bruce
- Central Manchester University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, and University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Viatte S, Lee JC, Fu B, Espéli M, Lunt M, De Wolf JNE, Wheeler L, Reynolds JA, Castelino M, Symmons DPM, Lyons PA, Barton A, Smith KGC. Association Between Genetic Variation in FOXO3 and Reductions in Inflammation and Disease Activity in Inflammatory Polyarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 68:2629-2636. [PMID: 27214848 PMCID: PMC5091631 DOI: 10.1002/art.39760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective Genetic variation in FOXO3 (tagged by rs12212067) has been associated with a milder course of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and shown to limit monocyte‐driven inflammation through a transforming growth factor β1–dependent pathway. This genetic association, however, has not been consistently observed in other RA cohorts. We sought to clarify the contribution of FOXO3 to prognosis in RA by combining detailed analysis of nonradiographic disease severity measures with an in vivo model of arthritis. Methods Collagen‐induced arthritis, the most commonly used mouse model of RA, was used to assess how Foxo3 contributes to arthritis severity. Using clinical, serologic, and biochemical methods, the arthritis that developed in mice carrying a loss‐of‐function mutation in Foxo3 was compared with that which occurred in littermate controls. The association of rs12212067 with nonradiographic measures of RA severity, including the C‐reactive protein level, the swollen joint count, the tender joint count, the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints, and the Health Assessment Questionnaire score, were modeled longitudinally in a large prospective cohort of patients with early RA. Results Loss of Foxo3 function resulted in more severe arthritis in vivo (both clinically and histologically) and was associated with higher titers of anticollagen antibodies and interleukin‐6 in the blood. Similarly, rs12212067 (a single‐nucleotide polymorphism that increases FOXO3 transcription) was associated with reduced inflammation, both biochemically and clinically, and with lower RA activity scores. Conclusion Consistent with its known role in restraining inflammatory responses, FOXO3 limits the severity of in vivo arthritis and, through genetic variation that increases its transcription, is associated with reduced inflammation and disease activity in RA patients, effects that result in less radiographic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James C Lee
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bo Fu
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK, and University College London, London, UK
| | - Marion Espéli
- UMR 996, Inflammation, Chemokines, and Immunopathology, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France
| | - Mark Lunt
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Deborah P M Symmons
- NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul A Lyons
- University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anne Barton
- NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
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Reynolds JA, Haque S, McCarthy EM, Sergeant JC, Lee E, Lee EH, Kilfeather S, Parker B, Bruce IN. 317. HETEROGENEITY OF CYTOKINE EXPRESSION IN ACTIVE SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex062.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Reynolds JA, Khan M, Briggs TA, Rice G, Crow Y, Parker B, Bruce IN. 320. TYPE 1 INTERFERON EXPRESSION IS ASSOCIATED WITH AUTOANTIBODIES ACROSS SYSTEMIC AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES: RESULTS FROM THE LUPUS EXTENDED AUTOIMMUNE PHENOTYPE STUDY. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kex062.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Reynolds JA, Bautista-Jimenez R, Denlinger DL. Changes in histone acetylation as potential mediators of pupal diapause in the flesh fly, Sarcophaga bullata. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 76:29-37. [PMID: 27350056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The growing appreciation that epigenetic processes are integral to the responses of many organisms to changes in the environment suggests a possible role for epigenetics in coordination of insect diapause. The results we present suggest that histone modification may be one type of epigenetic process that contributes to regulation of pupal diapause in the flesh fly, Sarcophaga bullata. Reduction in total histone H3 acetylation in diapausing pupae, shifts in mRNA expression profiles of genes encoding histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) in pre-diapause, diapause and post-diapause flies compared to their nondiapause counterparts, and alterations in HDAC enzyme activity during and post-diapause lend support to the hypothesis that this specific type of histone modification is involved in regulating diapause programming, maintenance, and termination. Transcription of genes encoding HDAC1, HDAC3, HDAC6, and Sirtuin2 were all upregulated in photosensitive first instar larvae programmed to enter pupal diapause, suggesting that histone deacetylation may be linked to the early decision to enter diapause. A 50% reduction in transcription of hdac3 and a corresponding 30% reduction in HDAC activity during diapause suggest that removal of acetyl groups from histones primarily occurs prior to diapause entry and that further histone deacetylation is not necessary to maintain diapause. Transcription of the HDAC genes was quickly elevated when diapause was terminated, followed by an increase in enzyme activity after a short delay. A maternal effect operating in these flies prevents pupal diapause in progeny whose mothers experienced pupal diapause, even if the progeny are reared in strong diapause-inducing short-day conditions. Such nondiapausing pupae had HDAC transcription profiles nearly identical to the profiles seen in nondiapausing pupae generated under a long-day photoperiod. Together, these results provide consistent evidence for histone acetylation and deacetylation as regulators of this insect's developmental trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Reynolds
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Robin Bautista-Jimenez
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - D L Denlinger
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Reynolds JA, Bruce IN. Vitamin D treatment for connective tissue diseases: hope beyond the hype? Rheumatology (Oxford) 2016; 56:178-186. [PMID: 27179106 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kew212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is increased among patients with CTDs. The active form of vitamin D (calcitriol) is a potent regulator of the immune system and may suppress inflammatory responses. This has led to claims that vitamin D may be a safe treatment, or a treatment adjunct, to reduce systemic inflammation in this patient population. It is important to note, however, that there is insufficient evidence from robust clinical trials to support these novel uses for vitamin D. In this review we examine the potential role of vitamin D as a treatment adjunct for CTDs. We will discuss how vitamin D may modulate the immune response and review the current evidence for using vitamin D to treat CTDs and their associated co-morbidities. We conclude that while there is much excitement about vitamin D in this context, further well-designed trials are needed to demonstrate its efficacy in the treatment of patients with CTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Reynolds
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester.,NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Central Manchester University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Ian N Bruce
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester .,NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Central Manchester University Hospitals Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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Reynolds JA, Haque S, Williamson K, Ray DW, Alexander MY, Bruce IN. Vitamin D improves endothelial dysfunction and restores myeloid angiogenic cell function via reduced CXCL-10 expression in systemic lupus erythematosus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22341. [PMID: 26930567 PMCID: PMC4772382 DOI: 10.1038/srep22341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have accelerated cardiovascular disease and dysfunctional endothelial repair mechanisms. Myeloid angiogenic cells (MACs), derived from circulating monocytes, augment vascular repair by paracrine secretion of pro-angiogenic factors. We observed that SLE MACs are dysfunctional and secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines. We also found that the vitamin D receptor was transiently expressed during MAC differentiation and that in vitro, calcitriol increased differentiation of monocytes into MACs in both SLE and in a model using the prototypic SLE cytokine, interferon-alpha. The active form of vitamin D (calcitriol) restored the SLE MAC phenotype towards that of healthy subjects with reduced IL-6 secretion, and normalised surface marker expression. Calcitriol also augmented the angiogenic capacity of MACs via the down-regulation of CXCL-10. In SLE patients treated with cholecalciferol for 12 weeks, the improvement in endothelial function correlated with increase in serum 25(OH)D concentrations independently of disease activity. We also show that MACs were able to positively modulate eNOS expression in human endothelial cells in vitro, an effect further enhanced by calcitriol treatment of SLE MACs. The results demonstrate that vitamin D can positively modify endothelial repair mechanisms and thus endothelial function in a population with significant cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Reynolds
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sahena Haque
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital of South Manchester NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Kate Williamson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Faculty of Health &Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - David W Ray
- Endocrine Sciences Research Group, Institute of Human Development, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - M Yvonne Alexander
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Ian N Bruce
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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Mohan S, Barsalou J, Bradley TJ, Slorach C, Reynolds JA, Hasni S, Thompson B, Ng L, Levy D, Silverman E, Kaplan MJ. Endothelial progenitor cell phenotype and function are impaired in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:2257-62. [PMID: 25891295 DOI: 10.1002/art.39149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by increased cardiovascular risk in adult-onset and childhood-onset SLE. Type I interferons (IFNs) appear to play a prominent role in premature vascular damage in adult-onset SLE, at least in part, by inducing impairments in the phenotype and function of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), thereby hampering vascular repair. It is not clear whether EPC dysfunction is present in childhood-onset SLE in association with a type I IFN signature. METHODS The phenotype and numbers of EPCs were quantified in patients with childhood-onset SLE, patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and matched healthy control subjects. In a separate cohort of patients with childhood-onset SLE, markers of subclinical atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction were quantified using standardized protocols and analyzed for associations with serum type I IFN activity. RESULTS EPC numbers and function were significantly decreased in patients with childhood-onset SLE compared with patients with JIA and healthy control subjects. Serum from patients with childhood-onset SLE impaired differentiation of EPCs into mature endothelial cells in healthy controls, and this effect was blocked by inhibition of the type I IFN pathway. Type I IFN activity in serum was not significantly associated with subclinical atherosclerosis and endothelial function in patients with childhood-onset SLE. CONCLUSION As in adult-onset SLE, childhood-onset SLE is characterized by phenotypic and functional EPC abnormalities, which are likely triggered by type I IFNs. Although cross-sectional analysis revealed no global association between type I IFN signatures and vascular measures of subclinical atherosclerosis, longitudinal assessments are needed to evaluate whether progression of vascular damage in patients with childhood-onset SLE is associated with type I IFNs, as observed in patients with adult-onset SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - John A Reynolds
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sarfaraz Hasni
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Lawrence Ng
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deborah Levy
- Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Mariana J Kaplan
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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Reynolds JA, Ray DW, Zeef LAH, O'Neill T, Bruce IN, Alexander MY. The effect of type 1 IFN on human aortic endothelial cell function in vitro: relevance to systemic lupus erythematosus. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2014; 34:404-12. [PMID: 24444308 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2013.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. The etiopathogenesis of premature CVD is not fully understood, but recently interferon-alpha (IFNα) has been implicated as a contributing factor. Since IFNα has been associated with both disease activity and endothelial dysfunction in lupus patients, we aimed to determine whether IFNα has direct effects on human aortic endothelial cell (HAoEC) function in vitro. We studied the function of IFNα2b-treated HAoECs in terms of cell proliferation, capillary-like network formation, and nitric oxide (NO) generation. Changes in gene expression were also analyzed using an exon gene array. IFNα2b regulated the expression of 198 genes, including recognized interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Gene ontology analysis showed over-representation of genes involved in antigen presentation and host response to virus but no significant changes in clusters of genes recognized as important in endothelial cell activation or dysfunction. HAoEC proliferation, tubule formation, and NO bioavailability were unchanged, suggesting that IFNα in isolation does not have a direct impact on aortic endothelial cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Reynolds
- 1 Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester , Manchester, United Kingdom
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Reynolds JA, Robertson AC, Bruce IN, Alexander MY. Improving cardiovascular outcomes in rheumatic diseases: therapeutic potential of circulating endothelial progenitor cells. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 142:231-43. [PMID: 24333265 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) have a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The reason for this is unclear but may be due, at least in part, to the failure of endothelial repair mechanisms. Over the last 15 years there has been much interest in the mechanisms of endothelial renewal and its potential as a therapy for CVD. In the circulation there are two distinct populations of cells; myeloid angiogenic cells (MACs) which augment repair by the paracrine secretion of angiogenic factors, and outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs) which are true endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and promote vasculogenesis by differentiating into mature endothelium. There are marked abnormalities in the number and function of these cells in patients with RA and SLE. Inflammatory cytokines including interferon-alpha (IFNα) and tumour-necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) both impair MAC and OEC function ex vivo and may therefore contribute to the CVD risk in these patients. Whilst administration of mononuclear cells, MACs and other progenitors has improved cardiovascular outcomes in the acute setting, this is not a viable option in chronic disease. The pharmacological manipulation of MAC/OEC function in vivo however has the potential to significantly improve endothelial repair and thus reduce CVD in this high risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Reynolds
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Abigail C Robertson
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Ian N Bruce
- Arthritis Research UK Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; NIHR Manchester Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, and Kellgren Centre for Rheumatology, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - M Yvonne Alexander
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, UK; Healthcare Science Research Institute, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK Healthcare Science Research Institute, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
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Williamson KA, Hamilton A, Reynolds JA, Sipos P, Crocker I, Stringer SE, Alexander YM. Age-related impairment of endothelial progenitor cell migration correlates with structural alterations of heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Aging Cell 2013. [PMID: 23190312 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging poses one of the largest risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease. The increased propensity toward vascular pathology with advancing age maybe explained, in part, by a reduction in the ability of circulating endothelial progenitor cells to contribute to vascular repair and regeneration. Although there is evidence to suggest that colony forming unit-Hill cells and circulating angiogenic cells are subject to age-associated changes that impair their function, the impact of aging on human outgrowth endothelial cell (OEC) function has been less studied. We demonstrate that OECs isolated from cord blood or peripheral blood samples from young and old individuals exhibit different characteristics in terms of their migratory capacity. In addition, age-related structural changes were discovered in OEC heparan sulfate (HS), a glycocalyx component that is essential in many signalling pathways. An age-associated decline in the migratory response of OECs toward a gradient of VEGF significantly correlated with a reduction in the relative percentage of the trisulfated disaccharide, 2-O-sulfated-uronic acid, N, 6-O-sulfated-glucosamine (UA[2S]-GlcNS[6S]), within OEC cell surface HS polysaccharide chains. Furthermore, disruption of cell surface HS reduced the migratory response of peripheral blood-derived OECs isolated from young subjects to levels similar to that observed for OECs from older individuals. Together these findings suggest that aging is associated with alterations in the fine structure of HS on the cell surface of OECs. Such changes may modulate the migration, homing, and engraftment capacity of these repair cells, thereby contributing to the progression of endothelial dysfunction and age-related vascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate A. Williamson
- Cardiovascular Research Group; University of Manchester; 3rd Floor Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton St.; Manchester; M13 9NT; UK
| | - Andrew Hamilton
- Cardiovascular Research Group; University of Manchester; 3rd Floor Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton St.; Manchester; M13 9NT; UK
| | | | - Peter Sipos
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre; University of Manchester; Manchester; UK
| | - Ian Crocker
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre; University of Manchester; Manchester; UK
| | - Sally E. Stringer
- Cardiovascular Research Group; University of Manchester; 3rd Floor Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton St.; Manchester; M13 9NT; UK
| | - Yvonne M. Alexander
- Cardiovascular Research Group; University of Manchester; 3rd Floor Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton St.; Manchester; M13 9NT; UK
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Reynolds JA, Haque S, Berry JL, Pemberton P, Teh LS, Ho P, Gorodkin R, Bruce IN. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D deficiency is associated with increased aortic stiffness in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011; 51:544-51. [PMID: 22120462 PMCID: PMC3281497 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective. To determine the relationship between serum vitamin D and markers of subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with SLE. Methods. We recruited SLE patients (≥4 ACR 1997 criteria) from outpatient clinics between January 2007 and January 2009. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum 25(OH)D <20 ng/ml measured by ELISA. Disease activity was measured using the SLEDAI-2K score. Aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) was measured using PulseTrace 3600 (Micromedical) and carotid plaque (CP) and intima–media thickness (IMT) assessed using B-mode Doppler US. Results. Seventy-five women with SLE were recruited with a median (interquartile range) disease duration of 16 (8–27) years. Patients with vitamin D deficiency had higher BMI (P = 0.014) and insulin resistance (P = 0.023) than those with 25(OH)D >20 ng/ml. Subjects with SLEDAI-2K ≥4 had lower 25(OH)D than those with SLEDAI-2K <4 (median 12.9 vs 20.3 ng/ml, P = 0.031). Aortic stiffness was significantly associated with serum 25(OH)D [log(aPWV) β (95% CI) −0.0217 (−0.038, −0.005), P = 0.010] independently of BMI, CVD risk factors and serum insulin. Adjustment for disease activity reduced the strength of the association. There was no association between 25(OH)D and CP or IMT. Conclusions. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased aortic stiffness in SLE, independent of CVD risk factors and insulin. Increased inflammatory disease activity may be the mechanism by which vitamin D deficiency mediates vascular stiffness in this patient group.
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Reynolds JA, Gilbert DB, Tanford C. Empirical correlation between hydrophobic free energy and aqueous cavity surface area. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 71:2925-7. [PMID: 16578715 PMCID: PMC388590 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.71.8.2925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The unitary free energy of transfer of a hydrocarbon molecule from a hydrocarbon solvent to an aqueous medium is a measure of the hydrophobic interaction in the aqueous medium. We have reexamined available data on this phenomenon and have confirmed that the free energy for saturated hydrocarbons is proportional to the surface area of the cavity created by the solute in the aqueous solution, with the same proportionality constant for linear, branched, and cyclic hydrocarbon molecules. The numerical value of the proportionality constant is uncertain because absolute and self-consistent area measurements are not available. We estimate that it falls between 20 and 25 cal/mole per A(2) at 25 degrees (for areas measured at the distance of closest approach of water molecules), which is significantly less than the figure of 33 cal/mole per A(2) that has been assigned to the same parameter by Hermann [J. Phys. Chem. 76, 2754-2759 (1972)]. A small discrepancy exists when similar data for homologous series of alkyl derivatives are compared with results based on hydrocarbons themselves, and possible reasons for it are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Reynolds
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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Abstract
We present a retrospective review of 11 patients with refractory systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) treated with rituximab after failing corticosteroids and at least one other immunosuppressive drug. We measured clinical response using the Classic British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) index, serum complement and reduction in maintenance prednisolone dose. B cells were measured using flow cytometry, and lung function testing was used to assess severe pulmonary disease (three patients). The median patient age was 42 years (range, 25–64) with median disease duration 6 years (range, 2–12). In all, 10 of 11 patients responded initially, with median global BILAG reduction of 7.5 at 6 months ( P = 0.007), with loss of all A and B scores by 7 months. Rituximab treatment was associated with normalisation of complement (C3 P = 0.008, C4 P = 0.018) and reduction in steroid requirement, median reduction 15 mg/day ( P = 0.036). In 9 of 10 patients who responded, all other immunosuppressants were stopped. There was no significant difference in anti-dsDNA antibody titres in these responders, but they were negative or had low titres at baseline. B-cell depletion continued for median 4 months (range, 2–9), and disease flare occurred at a median 6.6 months (range, 1.5–23) and was preceded by B-cell recovery in all but two patients. Rituximab was beneficial in refractory SLE including severe neurological and cardiorespiratory disease by inducing disease remission, allowing withdrawal of other agents and reduction in steroid requirement. Rituximab appeared to stabilise and possibly improve progressive lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- JA Reynolds
- Department of Rheumatology, City Hospital, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - V Toescu
- Department of Rheumatology, City Hospital, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK; Department of Rheumatology, Division of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - CS Yee
- Department of Rheumatology, City Hospital, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK; Department of Rheumatology, Division of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Prabu
- Department of Rheumatology, City Hospital, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK; Department of Rheumatology, Division of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - D Situnayake
- Department of Rheumatology, City Hospital, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - C Gordon
- Department of Rheumatology, City Hospital, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK; Department of Rheumatology, Division of Immunity and Infection, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Greenfield SM, Brown R, Dawlatly SL, Reynolds JA, Roberts S, Dawlatly RJ. Gender differences among medical students in attitudes to learning about complementary and alternative medicine. Complement Ther Med 2006; 14:207-12. [PMID: 16911901 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2005.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2005] [Accepted: 12/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore gender differences in attitudes to CAM among Year 1, 2 and 3 medical students. DESIGN Survey; seven-item self-administered questionnaire. SETTING Plenary lectures at the start of semester 2 of the academic year at the University of Birmingham Medical School. RESULTS 35.6% of 662 students were male and 64.4% female. Females were more likely than males to feel CAM has an important role in healthcare (p < 0.001). This difference increased through the medical course (p < 0.05). Females gave a more positive rating than males to the use of five therapies in healthcare (p < 001). Females were more positive than males about learning the theory (p < 0.001) and practice (p < 0.001) of CAM and a greater amount of CAM curriculum time (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS If CAM teaching is optional females may be more likely to choose it. An unexpected consequence of more women than men entering medical school may be a positive impact on the development of integrated medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Greenfield
- Department of Primary Care & General Practice, Primary Care Clinical Sciences Building, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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Abstract
The effect of a year's isolation in Antarctica on the human mucosal immune system was assessed during the winter of 1992 at three Australian Antarctic stations: Casey, Davis and Mawson. Saliva samples were collected from each expeditioner prior to their departure from Australia and during each month in Antarctica. The concentrations of salivary immunoglobulins IgA and IgG were significantly different between the three stations, but there were no differences for salivary IgM and albumin. The mean concentrations of IgA were higher at Mawson (P < 0.008), and the mean concentrations of IgG were lower at Davis (P < 0.001) compared with the other stations. Ranges of values observed at the stations over the 12-13 months were similar. The variability of values within individuals showed station differences for salivary IgM and IgG only. The study revealed significant changes in salivary immunoglobulin values over the period in Antarctica, with similar patterns at the three Australian stations. The salivary IgA and IgM levels were lower in the first 4 months in Antarctica (January-April) and increased to maximum values in July-August, before returning to mean levels when isolation was broken in October-November. The patterns of salivary IgA and IgM suggest that stressors due to isolation may play a role in alterations of mucosal immunity in expeditioners in Antarctica.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gleeson
- Hunter Immunology Unit, Royal Newcastle Hospital, New South Wales, Australia.
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Green DM, Hyland A, Barcos MP, Reynolds JA, Lee RJ, Hall BC, Zevon MA. Second malignant neoplasms after treatment for Hodgkin's disease in childhood or adolescence. J Clin Oncol 2000; 18:1492-9. [PMID: 10735897 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2000.18.7.1492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the frequency of and risk factors for second malignant neoplasms (SMNs) after treatment for Hodgkin's disease diagnosed in children and adolescents. PATIENTS AND METHODS One hundred eighty-two consecutive, previously untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease who were younger than 20 years of age at diagnosis and who were referred to Roswell Park Cancer Institute (Buffalo, NY) for treatment between January 1, 1960, and December 31, 1989, were studied. Sex-specific standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates and Cox regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship of several demographic and treatment variables to SMN incidence. RESULTS Twenty-eight patients developed an SMN at a mean of 14.93 +/- 8.09 years (range, 2.65 to 29.88 years) after diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease. The cumulative percentage of patients who developed an SMN was 26.27 +/- 6.75% at 30 years after diagnosis. The SIR was 9.39 (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.05 to 18.49) for male patients and 10.16 (95% CI, 5.56 to 17.05) for female patients. The most frequent SMNs were thyroid cancer, breast cancer, nonmelanoma skin cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and acute leukemia. Multivariate analysis of sex, treatment with any alkylating agent, treatment with doxorubicin, splenectomy, and relapse (as a time-dependent covariate) with time to SMN onset gave nonsignificant results. CONCLUSION Successfully treated children and adolescents with Hodgkin's disease have a substantial risk for the occurrence of subsequent neoplasms. The most frequent SMNs (skin, thyroid, and breast) are readily detected by physical examination and available screening procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Green
- Departments of Pediatrics, Cancer Prevention, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Pathology, Radiation Medicine, and Psychology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Burkhardt
- Central Research Division, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut 06340, USA
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