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Wu MY, Liang YY, Han QJ, Ai Z, Yan HW, Xiang ZM. Depression and risk of arthritis: A Mendelian randomization study. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3551. [PMID: 38849983 PMCID: PMC11161388 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Observational studies have found that most patients with arthritis have depression. We aimed to determine the causal relationship between various types of arthritis and depression. METHODS We conducted a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomized (MR) analysis to determine whether there was a significant causal relationship between depression and multiple types of arthritis. The data of our study were derived from the publicly released genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and the largest GWAS meta-analysis. MR analysis mainly used inverse-variance weighted method; supplementary methods included weighted median, weighted mode, and MR-Egger using MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier to detect and correct for the presence of pleiotropy. RESULTS After adjusting for heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy, we found that depression was associated with an increased risk of osteoarthritis (OA) (OR = 1.02, 95%CI: 1.01-1.02, p = 2.96 × E - 5). In the reverse analysis, OA was also found to increase the risk of depression (OR = 1.10, 95%CI: 1.04-1.15, p = .0002). Depression only increased the risk of knee OA (KOA) (OR = 1.25, 95%CI: 1.10-1.42, p = 6.46 × E - 4). Depression could potentially increase the risk of spondyloarthritis (OR = 1.52, 95%CI: 1.19-1.94, p ≤ 8.94 × E - 4). CONCLUSION There is a bidirectional causal relationship of depression with OA. However, depression only augments the risk of developing KOA. Depression may increase the risk of spondyloarthritis and gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yi Wu
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ying Liang
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Jia Han
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhu Ai
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao-Wen Yan
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Xiang
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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Yuan R, Li J. Role of macrophages and their exosomes in orthopedic diseases. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17146. [PMID: 38560468 PMCID: PMC10979751 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are vesicles with a lipid bilayer structure that carry various active substances, such as proteins, DNA, non-coding RNA, and nucleic acids; these participate in the immune response, tissue formation, and cell communication. Owing to their low immunogenicity, exosomes play a key role in regulating the skeletal immune environment. Macrophages are important immune cells that swallow various cellular and tissue fragments. M1-like and M2-like macrophages differentiate to play pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and repair roles following stimulation. In recent years, the increase in the population base and the aging of the population have led to a gradual rise in orthopedic diseases, placing a heavy burden on the social medical system and making it urgent to find effective solutions. Macrophages and their exosomes have been demonstrated to be closely associated with the pathogenesis and prognosis of orthopedic diseases. An in-depth understanding of their mechanisms of action and the interaction between them will be helpful for the future clinical treatment of orthopedic diseases. This review focuses on the mechanisms of action, diagnosis, and treatment of orthopedic diseases involving macrophages and their exosomes, including fracture healing, diabetic bone damage, osteosarcoma, and rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, we discuss the prospects and major challenges faced by macrophages and their exosomes in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riming Yuan
- Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Xue C, Tian J, Cui Z, Liu Y, Sun D, Xiong M, Yi N, Wang K, Li X, Wang Y, Xu H, Zhang W, Liang Q. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated M1 macrophage-dependent nanomedicine remodels inflammatory microenvironment for osteoarthritis recession. Bioact Mater 2024; 33:545-561. [PMID: 38162513 PMCID: PMC10755683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic inflammatory disorder. Effective remodeling of inflammatory microenvironment in the joint is a promising strategy to prevent OA. However, current drugs remain unsatisfactory due to a lack of targeted and effective ways for relieving inflammatory conditions in OA joints. Bortezomib (BTZ), a proteasome inhibitor, could effectively inhibit proinflammatory cytokines but with poor accumulation in the inflammatory tissues. To overcome the shortcomings of BTZ delivery and to improve the efficacy of OA therapy, herein, we designed a novel nanomedicine (denoted as BTZ@PTK) by the co-assembly of BTZ and an amphiphilic copolymer (denoted as PTK) with ROS-cleaved thioketal (TK) linkages. The TK units in BTZ@PTK are first cleaved by the excessive ROS at OA sites, and then triggered the controlled release of BTZ, resulting in the accurate delivery and the inflammatory microenvironment remodeling. Accordingly, BTZ@PTK suppressed ROS generation and proinflammatory cytokines while promoting M1 macrophage apoptosis in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 macrophages or LPS/IFN-γ-treated primary macrophages, which leads to a better effect than BTZ. In OA mice, BTZ@PTK passively accumulates into inflamed joints to attenuate pain sensitivity and gait abnormality. Importantly, BTZ@PTK treatment successfully ameliorates synovitis with the reduction of synovial hyperplasia and synovitis scores by suppressing M1 macrophage polarization and promoting M1 macrophage apoptosis in the synovium, thereby delaying cartilage damage. Collectively, BTZ@PTK can effectively modulate inflammatory microenvironment for OA recession by activating M1 macrophage apoptosis and inhibiting M1macrophage-mediated inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunchun Xue
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Jia Tian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Zepeng Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Dawei Sun
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Mengting Xiong
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Nanxing Yi
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Kaiqiang Wang
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Weian Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Qianqian Liang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Spine Institute, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
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Deng T, Xu J, Wang Q, Wang X, Jiao Y, Cao X, Geng Q, Zhang M, Zhao L, Xiao C. Immunomodulatory effects of curcumin on macrophage polarization in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1369337. [PMID: 38487171 PMCID: PMC10938599 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1369337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by synovial inflammation, cartilage destruction, pannus formation and bone erosion. Various immune cells, including macrophages, are involved in RA pathogenesis. The heterogeneity and plasticity of macrophages render them pivotal regulators of both the induction and resolution of the inflammatory response. Predominantly, two different phenotypes of macrophages have been identified: classically activated M1 macrophages exacerbate inflammation via the production of cytokines, chemokines and other inflammatory mediators, while alternatively activated M2 macrophages inhibit inflammation and facilitate tissue repair. An imbalance in the M1/M2 macrophage ratio is critical during the initiation and progression of RA. Macrophage polarization is modulated by various transcription factors, epigenetic elements and metabolic reprogramming. Curcumin, an active component of turmeric, exhibits potent immunomodulatory effects and is administered in the treatment of multiple autoimmune diseases, including RA. The regulation of macrophage polarization and subsequent cytokine production as well as macrophage migration is involved in the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of curcumin on RA. In this review, we summarize the underlying mechanisms by which curcumin modulates macrophage function and polarization in the context of RA to provide evidence for the clinical application of curcumin in RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Deng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahe Xu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Jiao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Cao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qishun Geng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxiao Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Xiao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Emergency, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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Hu S, Li H, Jiang H, Liu X, Ke J, Long X. Macrophage Activation in Synovitis and Osteoarthritis of Temporomandibular Joint and Its Relationship with the Progression of Synovitis and Bone Remodeling. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:296-306. [PMID: 38245251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the regulatory mechanisms of synovial macrophages and their polarization in the progression of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA). Macrophage depletion models were established by intra-articular injection of clodronate liposomes and unloaded liposomes. TMJOA was induced by intra-articular injection of 50 μL Complete Freund's Adjuvant and the surgery of disc perforation. The contralateral joint was used as the control group. The expression of F4/80, CD86, and CD206 in the synovium was detected by immunofluorescence staining analysis. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and TMJOA synovial score were detected to show the synovial changes in rat joints after TMJOA induction and macrophage depletion. Changes in rat cartilage after TMJOA induction and macrophage depletion were shown by safranin fast green staining. The bone-related parameters of rats' joints were evaluated by micro-computed tomography analysis. The TMJOA model induced by Complete Freund's Adjuvant injection and disc perforation aggravated synovial hyperplasia and showed a significant up-regulation of expression of F4/80-, CD86-, and CD206-positive cells. F4/80, CD86, and CD206 staining levels were significantly decreased in macrophage depletion rats, whereas the synovitis score further increased and cartilage and subchondral bone destruction was slightly aggravated. Macrophages were crucially involved in the progression of TMJOA, and macrophage depletion in TMJOA synoviocytes promoted synovitis and cartilage destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine. Jiangxi Province Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Nanchang, China
| | - Huimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Henghua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Ke
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xing Long
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Yoshitomi H. Peripheral helper T cells, mavericks of peripheral immune responses. Int Immunol 2024; 36:9-16. [PMID: 37788648 PMCID: PMC10823579 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxad041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral helper T (Tph) cells have been established, through intensive efforts to elucidate local immune responses in human rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as a CD4 subset intimately involved in acquired immunity in peripheral tissues. Initially, Tph cells were noted as a CD4 population that produces high levels of CXCL13 in RA synovial tissues, followed by a demonstration of their ability to help B cells. In contrast to follicular helper T (Tfh) cells, Tph cells do not express the transcription factor BCL6 but express molecules such as CXCL13, interleukin (IL)-21, and inducible T-cell costimulator (ICOS) to help B cells in peripheral tissues. Subsequent studies showed that Tph cells are associated with various diseases, including autoimmune diseases, infections, and malignancies, and with the development of early life immunity. This review summarizes the phenotype and function of Tph cells in RA and discusses their differentiation and diversity in various conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Yoshitomi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Yan J, Feng G, Yang Y, Zhao X, Ma L, Guo H, Chen X, Wang H, Chen Z, Jin Q. Nintedanib ameliorates osteoarthritis in mice by inhibiting synovial inflammation and fibrosis caused by M1 polarization of synovial macrophages via the MAPK/PI3K-AKT pathway. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23177. [PMID: 37688589 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300944rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Synovial inflammation and fibrosis are important pathological changes associated with osteoarthritis (OA). Herein, we investigated if nintedanib, a drug specific for pulmonary fibrosis, plays a positive role in osteoarthritic synovial inflammation and fibrosis. We assessed the effect of nintedanib on osteoarthritic synovial inflammation and fibrosis in a mouse model of OA created by destabilization of the medial meniscus and a macrophage M1 polarization model created by stimulating RAW264.7 cells with lipopolysaccharide. Histological staining showed that daily gavage administration of nintedanib significantly alleviated articular cartilage degeneration, reduced the OARSI score, upregulated matrix metalloproteinase-13 and downregulated collagen II expression, and significantly reduced the synovial score and synovial fibrosis in a mouse OA model. In addition, immunofluorescence staining showed that nintedanib significantly decreased the number of M1 macrophages in the synovium of a mouse model of OA. In vitro results showed that nintedanib downregulated the phosphorylation levels of ERK, JNK, p38, PI3K, and AKT while inhibiting the expression of macrophage M1 polarization marker proteins (CD86, CD80, and iNOS). In conclusion, this study suggests that nintedanib is a potential candidate for OA treatment. The mechanisms of action of nintedanib include the inhibition of M1 polarization in OA synovial macrophages via the MAPK/PI3K-AKT pathway, inhibition of synovial inflammation and fibrosis, and reduction of articular cartilage degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Yan
- Clinical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Orthopedics Ward 3, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Gangning Feng
- Clinical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Orthopedics Ward 3, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Orthopedics Ward 3, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Orthopedics Ward 3, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Long Ma
- Orthopedics Ward 3, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Haohui Guo
- Orthopedics Ward 3, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaolei Chen
- Clinical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Clinical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhirong Chen
- Clinical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Orthopedics Ward 3, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qunhua Jin
- Clinical College, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Orthopedics Ward 3, The General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Institute of Medical Sciences, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
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Teng H, Chen S, Fan K, Wang Q, Xu B, Chen D, Zhao F, Wang T. Dexamethasone Liposomes Alleviate Osteoarthritis in miR-204/-211-Deficient Mice by Repolarizing Synovial Macrophages to M2 Phenotypes. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:3843-3853. [PMID: 37437059 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
We undertook this study to investigate the effects and mechanisms of dexamethasone liposome (Dex-Lips) on alleviating destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM)-induced osteoarthritis (OA) in miR-204/-211-deficient mice. Dex-Lips was prepared by the thin-film hydration method. The characterization of Dex-Lips was identified by the mean size, zeta potential, drug loading, and encapsulation efficiencies. Experimental OA was established by DMM surgery in miR-204/-211-deficient mice, and then Dex-Lips was treated once a week for 3 months. Von Frey filaments was used to perform the pain test. The inflammation level was evaluated with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Polarization of macrophages was evaluated by immunofluorescent staining. X-ray, micro-CT scanning, and histological observations were conducted in vivo on DMM mice to describe the OA phenotype. We found that miR-204/-211-deficient mice displayed more severe OA symptoms than WT mice after DMM surgery. Dex-Lips ameliorated DMM-induced OA phenotype and suppressed pain and inflammatory cytokine expressions. Dex-Lips could attenuate pain by regulating PGE2. Dex-Lips treatments reduced the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in DRG. Moreover, Dex-Lips could reduce inflammation in the cartilage and serum. Additionally, Dex-Lips repolarize synovial macrophages to M2 phenotypes in miR-204/-211-deficient mice. In conclusion, Dex-Lips inhibited the inflammatory response and alleviated the pain symptoms of OA by affecting the polarization of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Teng
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Sijia Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Kaijian Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Mental Health Center, Chongming District, Shanghai 202150, China
| | - Qishan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Bingxin Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Di Chen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Research Center for Computer-Aided Drug Discovery, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Futao Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Tingyu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200011, China
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Wei Q, Zhu X, Wang L, Zhang W, Yang X, Wei W. Extracellular matrix in synovium development, homeostasis and arthritis disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110453. [PMID: 37331300 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a three-dimensional network entity composed of extracellular macromolecules. ECM in synovium not only supports the structural integrity of synovium, but also plays a crucial role in regulating homeostasis and damage repair response in synovium. Obvious disorders in the composition, behavior and function of synovial ECM will lead to the occurrence and development of arthritis diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Based on the importance of synovial ECM, targeted regulation of the composition and structure of ECM is considered to be an effective measure for the treatment of arthritis disease. This paper reviews the current research status of synovial ECM biology, discusses the role and mechanism of synovial ECM in physiological status and arthritis disease, and summarizes the current strategies for targeting synovial ECM to provide information for the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of arthritis disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xuemin Zhu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Luping Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Wankang Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xuezhi Yang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China.
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Electroacupuncture Alleviates Pain Responses and Inflammation in Collagen-Induced Arthritis Rats via Suppressing the TLR2/4-MyD88-NF- κB Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:9050763. [PMID: 36785752 PMCID: PMC9922193 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9050763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Results EA intervention and OxPAPC injection could relieve mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia caused by CIA. Paw edema and pathological damage of synovium were significantly ameliorated after EA intervention and OxPAPC injection. Furthermore, EA intervention and OxPAPC injection markedly reduced the contents of serum TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, as well as the protein expression levels of synovial TLR2, TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB p-p65. In particular, the expression of TLR2 and TLR4 on synovial fibroblasts and macrophages in synovium was significantly reduced by EA intervention. Conclusions Repeated EA stimulation at ST36 and SP6 can effectively relieve joint pain and synovial inflammation caused by RA in CIA rats. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect of EA may be closely related to the inhibition of innate immune responses driven by the TLR2/4-MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway in the synovium.
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Ricci V, Ricci C, Tamborrini G, Chang KV, Mezian K, Zunica F, Naňka O, Kara M, Özçakar L. From histology to sonography in synovitis: EURO-MUSCULUS/USPRM approach. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 241:154273. [PMID: 36563558 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to propose a methodologically innovative sonographic approach for optimal evaluation of synovial tissues (starting from histopathology). METHODS Using high-frequency ultrasound probes and high-level ultrasound machines, we matched the histological microarchitecture of synovial tissues with multiple sonographic patterns in physiological and pathological conditions. Likewise, high-sensitive color/power Doppler assessments have also been performed to evaluate the microcirculation. RESULTS Modern equipment allows for a macroscopic classification of synovial pathologies recognizing different morphological patterns; however, intimal and subintimal layers of the synovium cannot be distinguished from each other on ultrasound. High-sensitive Doppler imaging clearly defines the microvascular pattern, especially in patients with hypertrophic synovial pathologies. CONCLUSIONS In clinical practice, using adequate technological equipment i.e. high-frequency B-mode and high-sensitive Doppler imaging, detailed sonographic assessment of synovial tissues can be performed - defining the main sono-histological patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Ricci
- Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Unit, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan, Italy.
| | - Costantino Ricci
- Pathology Unit, Maggiore Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgio Tamborrini
- UZR, Ultraschallzentrum und Institut für Rheumatologie, Basel, Switzerland; Rheumatology Clinic, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ke-Vin Chang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Community and Geriatric Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Bei-Hu Branch, Taiwan
| | - Kamal Mezian
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Fiammetta Zunica
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ondřej Naňka
- Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Murat Kara
- Hacettepe University Medical School, Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Ankara, Turkey
| | - Levent Özçakar
- Hacettepe University Medical School, Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Ankara, Turkey
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12
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Alivernini S, Firestein GS, McInnes IB. The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Immunity 2022; 55:2255-2270. [PMID: 36516818 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significant recent progress in understanding rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis has led to improved treatment and quality of life. The introduction of targeted-biologic and -synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) has also transformed clinical outcomes. Despite this, RA remains a life-long disease without a cure. Unmet needs include partial response and non-response to treatment in many patients, failure to achieve immune homeostasis or drug free remission, and inability to repair damaged tissues. RA is now recognized as the end of a multi-year prodromal phase in which systemic immune dysregulation, likely beginning in mucosal surfaces, is followed by a symptomatic clinical phase. Inflammation and immune reactivity are primarily localized to the synovium leading to pain and articular damage, but is also associated with a broader series of comorbidities. Here, we review recently described immunologic mechanisms that drive breach of tolerance, chronic synovitis, and remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Alivernini
- Immunology Research Core Facility, Gemelli Science and Technology Park, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Division of Rheumatology - Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gary S Firestein
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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YASUDA T, HARA S, YAMASHITA S, MITSUZAWA S, TSUKAMOTO Y, TAKEUCHI H, OTA S, ONISHI E. Activation of STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) in synovial tissues from the hip joint in the early stage of rapidly destructive coxopathy. Biomed Res 2022; 43:173-180. [DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.43.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi YASUDA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital
| | - Shigeo HARA
- Department of Pathology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital
| | | | - Sadaki MITSUZAWA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital
| | - Yoshihiro TSUKAMOTO
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital
| | - Hisataka TAKEUCHI
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital
| | - Satoshi OTA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital
| | - Eijiro ONISHI
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital
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14
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Shen P, Jia S, Wang Y, Zhou X, Zhang D, Jin Z, Wang Z, Liu D, Bai L, Yang Y. Mechanical stress protects against chondrocyte pyroptosis through lipoxin A4 via synovial macrophage M2 subtype polarization in an osteoarthritis model. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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15
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Karuppagounder V, Pinamont W, Yoshioka N, Elbarbary R, Kamal F. Early Gβγ-GRK2 Inhibition Ameliorates Osteoarthritis Development by Simultaneous Anti-Inflammatory and Chondroprotective Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147933. [PMID: 35887281 PMCID: PMC9323311 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is an important regulator of inflammation and pathological macrophage phenotype in a variety of diseases. We hypothesize that Gβγ-GRK2 signaling promotes the early inflammatory response and chondrocyte loss in osteoarthritis (OA). Using the destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) model in 12-week-old male C57BL/6 mice, we determined the role of Gβγ-GRK2 signaling in synovitis, macrophage activation, and OA development. We achieved Gβγ-GRK2 inhibition at the time of DMM by administering the Gβγ inhibitor “gallein” and the GRK2 inhibitor “paroxetine” daily, starting from 2 days before DMM surgery, for a duration of 1 or 12 weeks. Synovial and cartilage structural changes were evaluated by histomorphometry, and molecular events and macrophage activation were examined. We studied the direct role of Gβγ-GRK2 in synovitis and macrophage activation in vitro using SW982 and THP1 cells. Continuous Gβγ-GRK2 inhibition initiated at the time of DMM attenuated OA development and decreased chondrocyte loss more effectively than delayed treatment. GRK2 expression and the M1 macrophage phenotype were elevated in the inflamed synovium, while early gallein and paroxetine treatment for 1 and 12 weeks following DMM resulted in their reduction and an upregulated M2 macrophage phenotype. In vitro experiments showed that Gβγ-GRK2 inhibition attenuated synoviocyte inflammation and the M1 phenotype. We show that early Gβγ-GRK2 inhibition is of higher therapeutic efficacy in OA than delayed inhibition, as it prevents OA development by inhibiting the early inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vengadeshprabhu Karuppagounder
- Center for Orthopaedic Research and Translational Science (CORTS), Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA; (V.K.); (W.P.); (N.Y.)
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
| | - William Pinamont
- Center for Orthopaedic Research and Translational Science (CORTS), Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA; (V.K.); (W.P.); (N.Y.)
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
| | - Natalie Yoshioka
- Center for Orthopaedic Research and Translational Science (CORTS), Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA; (V.K.); (W.P.); (N.Y.)
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
| | - Reyad Elbarbary
- Center for Orthopaedic Research and Translational Science (CORTS), Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA; (V.K.); (W.P.); (N.Y.)
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
- Correspondence: (R.E.); (F.K.); Tel.: +717-531-4808 (F.K.)
| | - Fadia Kamal
- Center for Orthopaedic Research and Translational Science (CORTS), Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA; (V.K.); (W.P.); (N.Y.)
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
- Correspondence: (R.E.); (F.K.); Tel.: +717-531-4808 (F.K.)
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Miagkoff L, Girard CA, St-Jean G, Richard H, Beauchamp G, Laverty S. Cannabinoid receptors are expressed in equine synovium and upregulated with synovitis. Equine Vet J 2022. [PMID: 35836386 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of equine lameness. Cannabinoid receptors (CB) are now considered to be promising therapeutic targets in human rheumatology for pain and inflammation, however little is known about the equine endocannabinoid system. OBJECTIVES The primary goal was to assess the presence and expression pattern of CB1 and CB2 in the synovium of healthy joints. A secondary goal was to explore the relationship between the CB expression, degree of synovitis and OA pathology. STUDY DESIGN Ex vivo experimental study. METHODS Metacarpophalangeal joints (n=25) from a tissue bank were studied. The joints were dissected, and the articular cartilage lesions were scored. Synovial membrane specimens (n=45) were harvested, fixed and the degree of synovitis was graded on histological sections. Co-localised synovial sections were also immunostained with antibodies to CB1 and CB2. Five regions of interest (ROIs) were randomly selected from digital images of manually segmented synovial intima and scored blindly for positive cellular immunoreactive staining by 2 independent observers. Interobserver agreement was calculated with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Relationships between CB1 and CB2 immunoreactive scores and synovitis or joint OA grade were explored with mixed linear models. RESULTS CB1 was expressed in synovial intimal cells in all specimens studied whereas CB2 expression was identified in 94%. Both receptors were also expressed in the subintimal blood vessel walls. ICCs were 84.6% (CB1) and 92.9% (CB2) for the immunoreactivity scores. Both CB1 and CB2 expression were significantly upregulated (p=0.04 and p=0.03 respectively) with increasing degree of synovitis. Conversely, CB1 expression significantly decreased (p=0.03) with increasing severity of OA. MAIN LIMITATIONS The type of synovial cell expressing CB1 or CB2 was not investigated. CONCLUSIONS Equine synovial intimal cells constitutively express both CB1 and CB2 receptors that are upregulated with synovitis and may have a role in joint pain. They are potential targets for therapy with cannabinoid molecules or their derivatives. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Miagkoff
- Comparative Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christiane A Girard
- Comparative Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guillaume St-Jean
- Comparative Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hélène Richard
- Comparative Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guy Beauchamp
- Comparative Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sheila Laverty
- Comparative Orthopedic Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, 3200 Sicotte, St. Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
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17
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Chen J, Chen S, Cai D, Wang Q, Qin J. The role of Sirt6 in osteoarthritis and its effect on macrophage polarization. Bioengineered 2022; 13:9677-9689. [PMID: 35443857 PMCID: PMC9161952 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2059610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), the commonest arthritis type, features irreversible cartilage loss and synovitis. It was reported that macrophages have an important function in synovial inflammation, and our team revealed that the amounts of Sirt6, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+-dependent histone deacetylase, decrease during synovial inflammation and osteoarthritis. This work aimed to examine the anti-inflammatory properties of Sirt6 in synovial inflammation. Firstly, we compared Sirt6 amounts in acute meniscus injury and OA human knee synovial tissue samples by immunofluorescence and immunoblot. Secondly, Sirt6ʹs suppressive effects on inflammatory markers and macrophage polarization were evaluated. Finally, OA mice were histologically evaluated, and serum inflammatory factors were detected for assessing the impact of Sirt6 overexpression on the mouse synovium. We found significantly lower interleukin-4 (IL-4) amounts and M2 polarization in OA patients compared with control individuals. The expression of Sirt6 was lower in RAW264.7 cells of the lipopolysaccharides (LPS) + interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) group compared with the phosphate buffer saline (PBS) group, but higher than in the IL-4 group. The polarization of macrophages affected Sirt6 expression, which was reduced and elevated in M1 and M2 macrophages, respectively. Sirt6 inhibition could promote the release of proinflammatory cytokines by macrophages in the synovial membrane, induce M1 polarization in macrophages and inhibit M2 polarization in vitro, and Sirt6 overexpression alleviated osteoarthritis in vivo. These data strongly suggested that Sirt6 could inhibit synovial inflammation. Thus, this study provides a novel therapeutic target in osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics Trauma Center, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sichun Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dawei Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiugen Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics Trauma Center, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai China
| | - Jian Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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18
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Degboé Y, Poupot R, Poupot M. Repolarization of Unbalanced Macrophages: Unmet Medical Need in Chronic Inflammation and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031496. [PMID: 35163420 PMCID: PMC8835955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and their tissue counterpart macrophages (MP) constitute the front line of the immune system. Indeed, they are able to rapidly and efficiently detect both external and internal danger signals, thereby activating the immune system to eradicate the disturbing biological, chemical, or physical agents. They are also in charge of the control of the immune response and account for the repair of the damaged tissues, eventually restoring tissue homeostasis. The balance between these dual activities must be thoroughly controlled in space and time. Any sustained unbalanced response of MP leads to pathological disorders, such as chronic inflammation, or favors cancer development and progression. In this review, we take advantage of our expertise in chronic inflammation, especially in rheumatoid arthritis, and in cancer, to highlight the pivotal role of MP in the physiopathology of these disorders and to emphasize the repolarization of unbalanced MP as a promising therapeutic strategy to control these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Degboé
- Infinity, Université Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France;
- Département de Rhumatologie, CHU Toulouse, 31029 Toulouse, France
| | - Rémy Poupot
- Infinity, Université Toulouse, CNRS, INSERM, UPS, 31024 Toulouse, France;
- Correspondence:
| | - Mary Poupot
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse, Université Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, 31037 Toulouse, France;
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19
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Mantripragada VP, Kaplevatsky R, Bova WA, Boehm C, Obuchowski NA, Midura RJ, Muschler GF. Influence of Glucose Concentration on Colony-Forming Efficiency and Biological Performance of Primary Human Tissue-Derived Progenitor Cells. Cartilage 2021; 13:95S-106S. [PMID: 32100548 PMCID: PMC8804831 DOI: 10.1177/1947603520906605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glucose concentrations used in current cell culture methods are a significant departure from physiological glucose levels. The study focuses on comparing the effects of glucose concentrations on primary human progenitors (connective tissue progenitors [CTPs]) used for cartilage repair. DESIGN Cartilage- (Outerbridge grade 1, 2, 3; superficial and deep zone cartilage), infrapatellar fatpad-, synovium-, and periosteum-derived cells were obtained from 63 patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty and cultured simultaneously in fresh chondrogenic media containing 25 mM glucose (HGL) or 5 mM glucose (NGL) for pairwise comparison. Automated ASTM-based quantitative image analysis was used to determine colony-forming efficiency (CFE), effective proliferation rates (EPR), and sulfated-proteoglycan (GAG-ECM) staining of the CTPs across tissue sources. RESULTS HGL resulted in increased cell cultures with CFE = 0 compared with NGL in all tissue sources (P = 0.049). The CFE in NGL was higher than HGL for superficial cartilage (P < 0.001), and contrary for synovium-derived CTPs (P = 0.046) when CFE > 0. EPR of the CTPs did not differ between the media in the 6-day assay time period (P = 0.082). The GAG-ECM area of the CTPs and their progeny was increased in presence of HGL (P = 0.027). CONCLUSION Glucose concentration is critical to progenitor's physiology and should be taken into account in the setting of protocols for clinical or in vitro cell expansion strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata P. Mantripragada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA,Venkata P. Mantripragada, Department of
Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid
Avenue, ND3-30, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
| | | | - Wes A. Bova
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Cynthia Boehm
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Nancy A. Obuchowski
- Department of Quantitative Health
Science, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ronald J. Midura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - George F. Muschler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA,Department of Orthopedic Surgery,
Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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20
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Zhao J, Guo S, Schrodi SJ, He D. Molecular and Cellular Heterogeneity in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Front Immunol 2021; 12:790122. [PMID: 34899757 PMCID: PMC8660630 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.790122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that exhibits significant clinical heterogeneity. There are various treatments for rheumatoid arthritis, including disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), glucocorticoids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and inflammatory cytokine inhibitors (ICI), typically associated with differentiated clinical effects and characteristics. Personalized responsiveness is observed to the standard treatment due to the pathophysiological heterogeneity in rheumatoid arthritis, resulting in an overall poor prognosis. Understanding the role of individual variation in cellular and molecular mechanisms related to rheumatoid arthritis will considerably improve clinical care and patient outcomes. In this review, we discuss the source of pathophysiological heterogeneity derived from genetic, molecular, and cellular heterogeneity and their possible impact on precision medicine and personalized treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. We provide emphasized description of the heterogeneity derived from mast cells, monocyte cell, macrophage fibroblast-like synoviocytes and, interactions within immune cells and with inflammatory cytokines, as well as the potential as a new therapeutic target to develop a novel treatment approach. Finally, we summarize the latest clinical trials of treatment options for rheumatoid arthritis and provide a suggestive framework for implementing preclinical and clinical experimental results into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Zhao
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shicheng Guo
- Computation and Informatics in Biology and Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Steven J. Schrodi
- Computation and Informatics in Biology and Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Dongyi He
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Arthritis Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Shanghai Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai, China
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21
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Haubruck P, Pinto MM, Moradi B, Little CB, Gentek R. Monocytes, Macrophages, and Their Potential Niches in Synovial Joints - Therapeutic Targets in Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis? Front Immunol 2021; 12:763702. [PMID: 34804052 PMCID: PMC8600114 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.763702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synovial joints are complex structures that enable normal locomotion. Following injury, they undergo a series of changes, including a prevalent inflammatory response. This increases the risk for development of osteoarthritis (OA), the most common joint disorder. In healthy joints, macrophages are the predominant immune cells. They regulate bone turnover, constantly scavenge debris from the joint cavity and, together with synovial fibroblasts, form a protective barrier. Macrophages thus work in concert with the non-hematopoietic stroma. In turn, the stroma provides a scaffold as well as molecular signals for macrophage survival and functional imprinting: “a macrophage niche”. These intricate cellular interactions are susceptible to perturbations like those induced by joint injury. With this review, we explore how the concepts of local tissue niches apply to synovial joints. We introduce the joint micro-anatomy and cellular players, and discuss their potential interactions in healthy joints, with an emphasis on molecular cues underlying their crosstalk and relevance to joint functionality. We then consider how these interactions are perturbed by joint injury and how they may contribute to OA pathogenesis. We conclude by discussing how understanding these changes might help identify novel therapeutic avenues with the potential of restoring joint function and reducing post-traumatic OA risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Haubruck
- Centre for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Spinal Cord Injury, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Marlene Magalhaes Pinto
- Centre for Inflammation Research & Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Babak Moradi
- Clinic of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, University Clinic of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christopher B Little
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca Gentek
- Centre for Inflammation Research & Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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22
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Development of PBPK model for intra-articular injection in human: methotrexate solution and rheumatoid arthritis case study. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2021; 48:909-922. [PMID: 34569001 PMCID: PMC8604827 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-021-09781-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A physiologically based model describing the dissolution, diffusion, and transfer of drug from the intra-articular (IA) space to the plasma, was developed for GastroPlus® v9.8. The model is subdivided into compartments representing the synovial fluid, synovium, and cartilage. The synovium is broken up into two sublayers. The intimal layer acts as a diffusion barrier between the synovial fluid and the subintimal layer. The subintimal layer of the synovium has fenestrated capillaries that allow the free drug to be transported into systemic circulation. The articular cartilage is broken up into 10 diffusion sublayers as it is much thicker than the synovium. The cartilage acts as a depot tissue for the drug to diffuse into from synovial fluid. At later times, the drug will diffuse from the cartilage back into synovial fluid once a portion of the dose enters systemic circulation. In this study, a listing of all relevant details and equations for the model is presented. Methotrexate was chosen as a case study to show the application and utility of the model, based on the availability of intravenous (IV), oral (PO) and IA administration data in patients presenting rheumatoid arthritis (RA) symptoms. Systemic disposition of methotrexate in RA patients was described by compartmental pharmacokinetic (PK) model with PK parameters extracted using the PKPlus™ module in GastroPlus®. The systemic PK parameters were validated by simulating PO administration of methotrexate before being used for simulation of IA administration. For methotrexate, the concentrations of drug in the synovial fluid and plasma were well described after adjustments of physiological parameters to account for RA disease state, and with certain assumptions about binding and diffusion. The results indicate that the model can correctly describe PK profiles resulting from administration in the IA space, however, additional cases studies will be required to evaluate ability of the model to scale between species and/or doses.
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Qadri M, Jay GD, Zhang LX, Schmidt TA, Totonchy J, Elsaid KA. Proteoglycan-4 is an essential regulator of synovial macrophage polarization and inflammatory macrophage joint infiltration. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:241. [PMID: 34521469 PMCID: PMC8439011 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02621-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synovial macrophages perform a multitude of functions that include clearance of cell debris and foreign bodies, tissue immune surveillance, and resolution of inflammation. The functional diversity of macrophages is enabled by distinct subpopulations that express unique surface markers. Proteoglycan-4 (PRG4) is an important regulator of synovial hyperplasia and fibrotic remodeling, and the involvement of macrophages in PRG4's synovial role is yet to be defined. Our objectives were to study the PRG4's importance to macrophage homeostatic regulation in the synovium and infiltration of pro-inflammatory macrophages in acute synovitis and investigate whether macrophages mediated synovial fibrosis in Prg4 gene-trap (Prg4GT/GT) murine knee joints. METHODS Macrophage phenotyping in Prg4GT/GT and Prg4+/+ joints was performed by flow cytometry using pan-macrophage markers, e.g., CD11b, F4/80, and surface markers of M1 macrophages (CD86) and M2 macrophages (CD206). Characterizations of the various macrophage subpopulations were performed in 2- and 6-month-old animals. The expression of inflammatory markers, IL-6, and iNOS in macrophages that are CD86+ and/or CD206+ was studied. The impact of Prg4 recombination on synovial macrophage populations of 2- and 6-month-old animals and infiltration of pro-inflammatory macrophages in response to a TLR2 agonist challenge was determined. Macrophages were depleted using liposomal clodronate and synovial membrane thickness, and the expression of fibrotic markers α-SMA, PLOD2, and collagen type I (COL-I) was assessed using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Total macrophages in Prg4GT/GT joints were higher than Prg4+/+ joints (p<0.0001) at 2 and 6 months, and the percentages of CD86+/CD206- and CD86+/CD206+ macrophages increased in Prg4GT/GT joints at 6 months (p<0.0001), whereas the percentage of CD86-/CD206+ macrophages decreased (p<0.001). CD86+/CD206- and CD86+/CD206+ macrophages expressed iNOS and IL-6 compared to CD86-/CD206+ macrophages (p<0.0001). Prg4 re-expression limited the accumulation of CD86+ macrophages (p<0.05) and increased CD86-/CD206+ macrophages (p<0.001) at 6 months. Prg4 recombination attenuated synovial recruitment of pro-inflammatory macrophages in 2-month-old animals (p<0.001). Clodronate-mediated macrophage depletion reduced synovial hyperplasia, α-SMA, PLOD2, and COL-I expressions in the synovium (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS PRG4 regulates the accumulation and homeostatic balance of macrophages in the synovium. In its absence, the synovium becomes populated with M1 macrophages. Furthermore, macrophages exert an effector role in synovial fibrosis in Prg4GT/GT animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Qadri
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 82826 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Gregory D. Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI USA
| | - Ling X. Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI USA
| | - Tannin A. Schmidt
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT USA
| | - Jennifer Totonchy
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Rinker Health Sciences Campus, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA 92618 USA
| | - Khaled A. Elsaid
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Rinker Health Sciences Campus, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA 92618 USA
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Kemble S, Croft AP. Critical Role of Synovial Tissue-Resident Macrophage and Fibroblast Subsets in the Persistence of Joint Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:715894. [PMID: 34539648 PMCID: PMC8446662 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.715894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic prototypic immune-mediated inflammatory disease which is characterized by persistent synovial inflammation, leading to progressive joint destruction. Whilst the introduction of targeted biological drugs has led to a step change in the management of RA, 30-40% of patients do not respond adequately to these treatments, regardless of the mechanism of action of the drug used (ceiling of therapeutic response). In addition, many patients who acheive clinical remission, quickly relapse following the withdrawal of treatment. These observations suggest the existence of additional pathways of disease persistence that remain to be identified and targeted therapeutically. A major barrier for the identification of therapeutic targets and successful clinical translation is the limited understanding of the cellular mechanisms that operate within the synovial microenvironment to sustain joint inflammation. Recent insights into the heterogeneity of tissue resident synovial cells, including macropahges and fibroblasts has revealed distinct subsets of these cells that differentially regulate specific aspects of inflammatory joint pathology, paving the way for targeted interventions to specifically modulate the behaviour of these cells. In this review, we will discuss the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of tissue resident synovial cells and how this cellular diversity contributes to joint inflammation. We discuss how critical interactions between tissue resident cell types regulate the disease state by establishing critical cellular checkpoints within the synovium designed to suppress inflammation and restore joint homeostasis. We propose that failure of these cellular checkpoints leads to the emergence of imprinted pathogenic fibroblast cell states that drive the persistence of joint inflammation. Finally, we discuss therapeutic strategies that could be employed to specifically target pathogenic subsets of fibroblasts in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam P. Croft
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing (IIA), University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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25
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Ike RW, Kalunian KC. Will rheumatologists ever pick up the arthroscope again? Int J Rheum Dis 2021; 24:1235-1246. [PMID: 34323382 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.14184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Conditions prompting physicians and surgeons first adapting endoscopes to peer into joints were mainly the sort of synovial conditions that would concern today's rheumatologists. Rheumatologists were among the pre-World War II pioneers developing and documenting arthroscopy. The post-War father of modern arthroscopy, Watanabe, found rheumatologists among his early students, who took back the technique to their home countries, teaching orthopedists and rheumatologists alike. Rheumatologists described and analyzed the intra-articular features of their common diseases in the '60s and '70s. A groundswell of interest from academic rheumatologists in adapting arthroscopy grew considerably in the '90s with development of "needle scopes" that could be used in an office setting. Rheumatologists helped conduct the very trials the findings of which reduced demand for their arthroscopic services by questioning the efficacy of arthroscopic debridement in osteoarthritis (OA) and also developing biological compounds that greatly reduced the call for any resective intervention in inflammatory arthropathies. The arthroscope has proven an excellent tool for viewing and sampling synovium and continues to serve this purpose at several international research centers. While cartilage is now imaged mainly by magnetic resonance imaging, some OA features - such as a high prevalence of visible calcinosis - beg further arthroscopy-directed investigation. A new generation of "needle scopes" with far superior optics awaits future investigators, should they develop interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Ike
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kenneth C Kalunian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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26
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Roszkowski L, Ciechomska M. Tuning Monocytes and Macrophages for Personalized Therapy and Diagnostic Challenge in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081860. [PMID: 34440629 PMCID: PMC8392289 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes/macrophages play a central role in chronic inflammatory disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Activation of these cells results in the production of various mediators responsible for inflammation and RA pathogenesis. On the other hand, the depletion of macrophages using specific antibodies or chemical agents can prevent their synovial tissue infiltration and subsequently attenuates inflammation. Their plasticity is a major feature that helps the switch from a pro-inflammatory phenotype (M1) to an anti-inflammatory state (M2). Therefore, understanding the precise strategy targeting pro-inflammatory monocytes/macrophages should be a powerful way of inhibiting chronic inflammation and bone erosion. In this review, we demonstrate potential consequences of different epigenetic regulations on inflammatory cytokines production by monocytes. In addition, we present unique profiles of monocytes/macrophages contributing to identification of new biomarkers of disease activity or predicting treatment response in RA. We also outline novel approaches of tuning monocytes/macrophages by biologic drugs, small molecules or by other therapeutic modalities to reduce arthritis. Finally, the importance of cellular heterogeneity of monocytes/macrophages is highlighted by single-cell technologies, which leads to the design of cell-specific therapeutic protocols for personalized medicine in RA in the future.
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27
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Maglaviceanu A, Wu B, Kapoor M. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes: Role in synovial fibrosis associated with osteoarthritis. Wound Repair Regen 2021; 29:642-649. [PMID: 34021514 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The synovial membrane undergoes a variety of structural changes throughout the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA), including the development of fibrosis. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) are a heterogenous cell population of the synovium that are suggested to drive the fibrotic response, but the exact mechanisms associated with their activation in OA remain unclear. Once activated, FLS are suggested to acquire a myofibroblast-like phenotype that drives fibrogenesis through excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) component deposition and an enhanced contractile function. In this review, we define FLS in the synovium, discuss how select extracellular or endogenous factors potentially induce their activation in OA, and describe how the activity of myofibroblast-like cells affects the structure of the synovial membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Maglaviceanu
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopaedics, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Wu
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopaedics, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohit Kapoor
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopaedics, Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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28
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Bartolotti I, Roseti L, Petretta M, Grigolo B, Desando G. A Roadmap of In Vitro Models in Osteoarthritis: A Focus on Their Biological Relevance in Regenerative Medicine. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1920. [PMID: 33925222 PMCID: PMC8124812 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifaceted musculoskeletal disorder, with a high prevalence worldwide. Articular cartilage and synovial membrane are among the main biological targets in the OA microenvironment. Gaining more knowledge on the accuracy of preclinical in vitro OA models could open innovative avenues in regenerative medicine to bridge major gaps, especially in translation from animals to humans. Our methodological approach entailed searches on Scopus, the Web of Science Core Collection, and EMBASE databases to select the most relevant preclinical in vitro models for studying OA. Predicting the biological response of regenerative strategies requires developing relevant preclinical models able to mimic the OA milieu influencing tissue responses and organ complexity. In this light, standard 2D culture models lack critical properties beyond cell biology, while animal models suffer from several limitations due to species differences. In the literature, most of the in vitro models only recapitulate a tissue compartment, by providing fragmented results. Biotechnological advances may enable scientists to generate new in vitro models that combine easy manipulation and organ complexity. Here, we review the state-of-the-art of preclinical in vitro models in OA and outline how the different preclinical systems (inflammatory/biomechanical/microfluidic models) may be valid tools in regenerative medicine, describing their pros and cons. We then discuss the prospects of specific and combinatorial models to predict biological responses following regenerative approaches focusing on mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)-based therapies to reduce animal testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Bartolotti
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (I.B.); (M.P.); (B.G.)
| | - Livia Roseti
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (I.B.); (M.P.); (B.G.)
| | - Mauro Petretta
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (I.B.); (M.P.); (B.G.)
- RegenHu Company, Z.I Du Vivier 22, 1690 Villaz-St-Pierre, Switzerland
| | - Brunella Grigolo
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (I.B.); (M.P.); (B.G.)
| | - Giovanna Desando
- Laboratorio RAMSES, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (I.B.); (M.P.); (B.G.)
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29
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Wu Z, Ma D, Yang H, Gao J, Zhang G, Xu K, Zhang L. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis: Surface markers and phenotypes. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 93:107392. [PMID: 33529910 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that mainly affects synovial joints. During the course of RA, the synovium transforms into hyperplastic invasive tissue, leading to cartilage and bone destruction. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in the synovial lining develop aggressive phenotypes and produce pathogenic mediators that lead to the occurrence and progression of disease, playing a major role in RA pathophysiology. Therefore, research on FLS has become the main focus within the RA field. With technical advances and the development of multi-omics comprehensive analysis approaches, it has become possible to identify different FLS subsets via high-throughput sequencing and investigate differences between FLS phenotypes, allowing for the detailed study of RA pathogenesis. This review summarizes recent works on FLS subtypes and the surface marker proteins identified for different subtypes, providing a theoretical basis and reference for future studies on FLS in RA. The current work also addresses the clinical potential of FLS surface markers in RA based on related research from other fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewen Wu
- Bethune Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, PR China.
| | - Dan Ma
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China.
| | - Helin Yang
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, PR China.
| | - Jinfang Gao
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China.
| | - Gailian Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China.
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China.
| | - Liyun Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, PR China.
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30
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Zhang J, Rong Y, Luo C, Cui W. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes prevent osteoarthritis by regulating synovial macrophage polarization. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:25138-25152. [PMID: 33350983 PMCID: PMC7803581 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative disease that can lead to restricted activity or even disability. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can repair cartilage damage and treat osteoarthritis via cell therapies or in-tissue engineering. Research has shown that the paracrine mechanism is the main mode of action of mesenchymal stem cells. Exosomes are the smallest known membrane-bound nanovesicles. Exosomes are also important carriers of paracrine delivery agents and promote communication between cells. We demonstrated that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes can delay the progression of osteoarthritis. Exosomes alleviate cartilage damage, reduce osteophyte formation and synovial macrophage infiltration, inhibit M1 macrophage production and promote M2 macrophage generation. In synovial fluid, the expression levels of the proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were decreased and the release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10 was increased. In vitro, macrophages treated with exosomes maintain chondrocytes’ chondrogenic characteristics and inhibit hypertrophy. Our results demonstrated that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes may relieve osteoarthritis by promoting the phenotypic transformation of synovial macrophages from M1 to M2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Orthopaedic, The First People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Yuluo Rong
- Department of Orthopaedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunyang Luo
- Department of Orthopaedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiding Cui
- Department of Orthopaedic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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31
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Alder KD, Lee I, Munger AM, Kwon HK, Morris MT, Cahill SV, Back J, Yu KE, Lee FY. Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus in bone and joint infections: A mechanism of disease recurrence, inflammation, and bone and cartilage destruction. Bone 2020; 141:115568. [PMID: 32745687 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone and joint infections are devastating afflictions. Although medical interventions and advents have improved their care, bone and joint infections still portend dismal outcomes. Indeed, bone and joint infections are associated with extremely high mortality and morbidity rates and, generally, occur secondary to the aggressive pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. The consequences of bone and joint infections are further compounded by the fact that although they are aggressively treated, they frequently recur and result in massive bone and articular cartilage loss. Here, we review the literature and chronicle the fact that the fundamental cellular components of the musculoskeletal system can be internally infected with Staphylococcus aureus, which explains the ready recurrence of bone and joint infections even after extensive administration of antibiotic therapy and debridement and offer potential treatment solutions for further study. Moreover, we review the ramifications of intracellular infection and expound that the massive bone and articular cartilage loss is caused by the sustained proinflammatory state induced by infection and offer potential combination therapies for further study to protect bone and cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareme D Alder
- Department of Orthopædics & Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, 330 Cedar St, TMP 523, PO Box 208071, New Haven, CT 06520-8071, USA.
| | - Inkyu Lee
- Department of Orthopædics & Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, 330 Cedar St, TMP 523, PO Box 208071, New Haven, CT 06520-8071, USA.
| | - Alana M Munger
- Department of Orthopædics & Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, 330 Cedar St, TMP 523, PO Box 208071, New Haven, CT 06520-8071, USA.
| | - Hyuk-Kwon Kwon
- Department of Orthopædics & Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, 330 Cedar St, TMP 523, PO Box 208071, New Haven, CT 06520-8071, USA.
| | - Montana T Morris
- Department of Orthopædics & Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, 330 Cedar St, TMP 523, PO Box 208071, New Haven, CT 06520-8071, USA.
| | - Sean V Cahill
- Department of Orthopædics & Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, 330 Cedar St, TMP 523, PO Box 208071, New Haven, CT 06520-8071, USA.
| | - JungHo Back
- Department of Orthopædics & Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, 330 Cedar St, TMP 523, PO Box 208071, New Haven, CT 06520-8071, USA.
| | - Kristin E Yu
- Department of Orthopædics & Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, 330 Cedar St, TMP 523, PO Box 208071, New Haven, CT 06520-8071, USA.
| | - Francis Y Lee
- Department of Orthopædics & Rehabilitation, Yale University, School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, 330 Cedar St, TMP 523, PO Box 208071, New Haven, CT 06520-8071, USA.
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Assirelli E, Pulsatelli L, Dolzani P, Mariani E, Lisignoli G, Addimanda O, Meliconi R. Complement Expression and Activation in Osteoarthritis Joint Compartments. Front Immunol 2020; 11:535010. [PMID: 33193305 PMCID: PMC7658426 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.535010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate complement(C) factors(F) and their activation fragments expression in OA joint tissues. Design Immunohistochemistry and quantitative imaging were performed to analyze C3, C4, and CF (factor) B expression on osteochondral biopsies (43 patients) collected during arthroplasty. Isolated chondrocytes and synoviocytes, cartilage and synovial tissues obtained from surgical specimens of OA patients (15 patients) were cultured with or without IL-1β. Real time PCR for CFB, C3, and C4 was performed. Culture supernatants were analyzed for C3a, C5a, CFBa, and terminal complement complex (TCC) production. Results In osteochondral biopsies, C factor expression was located in bone marrow, in a few subchondral bone cells and chondrocytes. C3 was the most expressed while factor C4 was the least expressed factor. Gene expression showed that all C factors analyzed were expressed both in chondrocytes and synoviocytes. In chondrocyte cultures and cartilage explants, CFB expression was significantly higher than C3 and C4. Furthermore, CFB, but not C3 and C4 expression was significantly induced by IL-1β. As to C activation factors, C3a was the most produced and CFBa was induced by IL-1β in synovial tissue. TCC production was undetectable in isolated chondrocytes and synoviocytes cell culture supernatants, whereas it was significantly augmented in cartilage explants. Conclusion C factors were locally produced and activated in OA joint with the contribution of all tissues (cartilage, bone, and synovium). Our results support the involvement of innate immunity in OA and suggest an association between some C alternative pathway component and joint inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Assirelli
- Laboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lia Pulsatelli
- Laboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Dolzani
- Laboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Erminia Mariani
- Laboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gina Lisignoli
- Laboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Olga Addimanda
- Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Meliconi
- Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum—University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Masoumi M, Mehrabzadeh M, Mahmoudzehi S, Mousavi MJ, Jamalzehi S, Sahebkar A, Karami J. Role of glucose metabolism in aggressive phenotype of fibroblast-like synoviocytes: Latest evidence and therapeutic approaches in rheumatoid arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 89:107064. [PMID: 33039953 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glucose metabolism is considerably increased in inflamed joints of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients at early stages. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) activation and subsequent joint damage are linked with metabolic alterations, especially glucose metabolism. It has been shown that glucose metabolism is elevated in aggressive phenotype of FLS cells. In this regard, glycolytic blockers are able to reduce aggressiveness of the FLS cells resulting in decreased joint damage in various arthritis models. Besides, metabolic changes in immune and non-immune cells such as FLS can provide important targets for therapeutic intervention. Glycolytic enzymes such as hexokinase 2 (HK2), phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (PFKFB), and phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) play essential roles in aggressive behavior of FLS cells. It has been documented that the HK2 enzyme is significantly upregulated in RA FLS cells, compared with osteoarthritis (OA) FLS cells. The HK2 is expressed in a few tissues and upregulated in the inflamed synovium of RA patients that makes it a potential target for RA treatment. Furthermore, HK2 has different roles in each cellular compartment, which offers another level of specificity and provides a specific target to reduce deleterious effects of inhibiting the enzyme in RA without affecting glycolysis in normal cells. Thus, targeting the HK2 enzyme might be an attractive potential selective target for arthritis therapy and safer than global glycolysis inhibition. Therefore, this review was aimed to summarize the current knowledge about glucose metabolism of FLS cells and suggest novel biomarkers, which are potential candidates for RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Masoumi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mehrabzadeh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salman Mahmoudzehi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Mousavi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sirous Jamalzehi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland; Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Jafar Karami
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Bosscher HA, Grozdanov PN, Warraich II, MacDonald CC, Day MR. The peridural membrane of the spine has characteristics of synovium. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 304:631-646. [PMID: 32537855 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The peridural membrane (PDM) is a well-defined structure between dura mater and the wall of the spinal canal. The spine may be viewed as a multi-segmented joint, with the epidural cavity and neural foramina as joint spaces and PDM as synovial lining. The objective of this investigation was to determine if PDM has histological characteristics of synovium. Samples of the PDM of the thoraco-lumbar spine were taken from 23 human cadavers and analyzed with conventional light microscopy and confocal microscopy. Results were compared to reports on similar analyses of synovium in the literature. Histological distribution of areolar, fibrous, and adipose connective tissue in PDM was similar to synovium. The PDM has an intima and sub-intima. No basement membrane was identified. CD68, a marker for macrophage-like-synoviocytes, and CD55, a marker for fibroblast-like synoviocytes, were seen in the lining and sub-lining of the PDM. Multifunctional hyaluronan receptor CD44 and hyaluronic acid synthetase 2 marker HAS2 were abundantly present throughout the membrane. Marked presence of CD44, CD55, and HAS2 in the well-developed tunica muscularis of blood vessels and in the body of the PDM suggests a role in the maintenance and lubrication of the epidural cavity and neural foramina. Presence of CD68, CD55, and CD44 suggests a scavenging function and a role in the inflammatory response to noxious stimuli. Thus, the human PDM has histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of synovium. This suggests that the PDM may be important for the homeostasis of the flexible spine and the neural structures it contains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemmo A Bosscher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA.,Pain Management Grace Health System, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Petar N Grozdanov
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Image Analysis and Molecular Biology Core Facilities, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Irfan I Warraich
- Department of Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Clinton C MacDonald
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Miles R Day
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA.,Grace Health System, Lubbock, Texas, USA
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Yang X, Chang Y, Wei W. Emerging role of targeting macrophages in rheumatoid arthritis: Focus on polarization, metabolism and apoptosis. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12854. [PMID: 32530555 PMCID: PMC7377929 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages maintain a dynamic balance in physiology. Various known or unknown microenvironmental signals influence the polarization, activation and death of macrophages, which creates an imbalance that leads to disease. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by the massive infiltration of a variety of chronic inflammatory cells in synovia. Abundant activated macrophages found in RA synovia are an early hallmark of RA, and the number of these macrophages can be decreased after effective treatment. In RA, the proportion of M1 (pro‐inflammatory macrophages) is higher than that of M2 (anti‐inflammatory macrophages). The increased pro‐inflammatory ability of macrophages is related to their excessive activation and proliferation as well as an enhanced anti‐apoptosis ability. At present, there are no clinical therapies specific to macrophages in RA. Understanding the mechanisms and functional consequences of the heterogeneity of macrophages will aid in confirming their potential role in inflammation development. This review will outline RA‐related macrophage properties (focus on polarization, metabolism and apoptosis) as well as the origin of macrophages. The molecular mechanisms that drive macrophage properties also be elucidated to identify novel therapeutic targets for RA and other autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhi Yang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Chang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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36
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Kubo H, Gatzlik E, Hufeland M, Konieczny M, Latz D, Pilge H, Filler T. Histologic examination of the shoulder capsule shows new layer of elastic fibres between synovial and fibrous membrane. J Orthop 2020; 22:251-255. [PMID: 32425427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2020.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In the present study, a systematic histological analysis of the glenohumeral joint capsule was conducted. Materials and methods 12 cadaveric shoulders were examined. Inclusion criteria were: 1) intact joint capsule and 2) fixation in neutral position. The tissue samples were Elastica Hematoxylin-van-Gieson-(ElHvG) stained and diameter, quantity, and distribution patterns were analyzed. Results We detected a new layer (elastic boundary layer, EBL) between the synovial and fibrous membrane. The elastic fibres of the EBL differ considerably in diameter, quantity, and distribution pattern. Conclusions A previously undescribed layer was noticed, which we named elastic boundary layer for now.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Kubo
- University of Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eva Gatzlik
- University of Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Institute for Anatomy I, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Hufeland
- University of Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Konieczny
- University of Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - David Latz
- University of Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hakan Pilge
- University of Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Moorenstr. 5, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Timm Filler
- University of Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Institute for Anatomy I, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Muraoka S, Nishio J, Kuboi Y, Imai T, Nanki T. Rationale for and clinical development of anti-fractalkine antibody in rheumatic diseases. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 20:1309-1319. [PMID: 32401060 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1764931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Rheumatic diseases are inflammatory diseases that damage target organs via multiple subsets of immune cells. Fractalkine (FKN) acts as chemoattractant as well as adhesion molecule. It contributes to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other rheumatic diseases through multiple mechanisms: the migration of monocytes and cytotoxic effector T cells, the proliferation and activation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes, angiogenesis, and osteoclastogenesis. FKN has potential as a new therapeutic target, and clinical trials on anti-FKN monoclonal antibodies for RA are ongoing. FKN-targeted therapy has been developed and a humanized anti-FKN monoclonal antibody is currently being tested in phase 2 clinical trials. Areas covered: This review summarizes accumulated evidence on the involvement of FKN in RA and other rheumatic diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis, inflammatory myositis, Sjögren's syndrome (SS), osteoarthritis, and systemic vasculitis. Expert opinion: A phase 1/2a clinical trial on anti-FKN demonstrated its safety, tolerability, and clinical efficacy. Anti-FKN therapy has potential in the treatment of atherosclerosis and interstitial lung diseases associated with RA. Based on recent findings, other rheumatic diseases, including SLE, polymyositis/dermatomyositis, and SS, may also be treated using anti-FKN therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei Muraoka
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Nishio
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Immunopathology and Immunoregulation, Toho University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Toshihiro Nanki
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University School of Medicine , Tokyo, Japan
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Nerviani A, Di Cicco M, Mahto A, Lliso-Ribera G, Rivellese F, Thorborn G, Hands R, Bellan M, Mauro D, Boutet MA, Giorli G, Lewis M, Kelly S, Bombardieri M, Humby F, Pitzalis C. A Pauci-Immune Synovial Pathotype Predicts Inadequate Response to TNFα-Blockade in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Front Immunol 2020; 11:845. [PMID: 32431716 PMCID: PMC7214807 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To assess whether the histopathological features of the synovium before starting treatment with the TNFi certolizumab-pegol could predict clinical outcome and examine the modulation of histopathology by treatment. Methods: Thirty-seven RA patients fulfilling UK NICE guidelines for biologic therapy were enrolled at Barts Health NHS trust and underwent synovial sampling of an actively inflamed joint using ultrasound-guided needle biopsy before commencing certolizumab-pegol and after 12-weeks. At 12-weeks, patients were categorized as responders if they had a DAS28 fall >1.2. A minimum of 6 samples was collected for histological analysis. Based on H&E and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining for CD3 (T cells), CD20 (B cells), CD138 (plasma cells), and CD68 (macrophages) patients were categorized into three distinct synovial pathotypes (lympho-myeloid, diffuse-myeloid, and pauci-immune). Results: At baseline, as per inclusion criteria, DAS28 mean was 6.4 ± 0.9. 94.6% of the synovial tissue was retrieved from the wrist or a metacarpophalangeal joint. Histological pathotypes were distributed as follows: 58% lympho-myeloid, 19.4% diffuse-myeloid, and 22.6% pauci-immune. Patients with a pauci-immune pathotype had lower levels of CRP but higher VAS fatigue compared to lympho- and diffuse-myeloid. Based on DAS28 fall >1.2, 67.6% of patients were deemed as responders and 32.4% as non-responders. However, by categorizing patients according to the baseline synovial pathotype, we demonstrated that a significantly higher number of patients with a lympho-myeloid and diffuse-myeloid pathotype in comparison with pauci-immune pathotype [83.3% (15/18), 83.3 % (5/6) vs. 28.6% (2/7), p = 0.022) achieved clinical response to certolizumab-pegol. Furthermore, we observed a significantly higher level of post-treatment tender joint count and VAS scores for pain, fatigue and global health in pauci-immune in comparison with lympho- and diffuse-myeloid patients but no differences in the number of swollen joints, ESR and CRP. Finally, we confirmed a significant fall in the number of CD68+ sublining macrophages post-treatment in responders and a correlation between the reduction in the CD20+ B-cells score and the improvement in the DAS28 at 12-weeks. Conclusions: The analysis of the synovial histopathology may be a helpful tool to identify among clinically indistinguishable patients those with lower probability of response to TNFα-blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Nerviani
- Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Di Cicco
- Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arti Mahto
- Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gloria Lliso-Ribera
- Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Felice Rivellese
- Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina Thorborn
- Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Hands
- Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mattia Bellan
- Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Mauro
- Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marie-Astrid Boutet
- Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Giorli
- Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Myles Lewis
- Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Kelly
- Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michele Bombardieri
- Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Frances Humby
- Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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39
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Zhang H, Cai D, Bai X. Macrophages regulate the progression of osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2020; 28:555-561. [PMID: 31982565 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OA is now well accepted as a low-grade inflammatory disease affecting the whole joint. In addition to mechanical loading, inflammation (particularly synovitis), contributes significantly to OA. Synovial macrophages act as immune cells and are of critical importance in the symptomology and structural progression of OA. Activated macrophages are regulated by mTOR, NF-κB, JNK, PI3K/Akt and other signaling pathways, and are polarized into either M1 or M2 subtypes in OA synovial tissues, synovial fluid, and peripheral blood. The activation state and the M1/M2 ratio is highly associated with OA severity. Aside from autocrine interactions, paracrine interactions between macrophages and chondrocytes play a vital role in the initiation and development of OA by secreting inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), which lead to subsequent cartilage degradation and destruction. Treatments targeting synovial macrophages relieve pain, and protect from synovitis, cartilage damage, and osteophyte formation during OA development. Macrophage reprogramming of transformation from the M1 to M2 subtype, more than a decrease in the quantity of activated macrophages, appears to be an effective treatment option for OA. This review provides a broad understanding of the contributions of polarized macrophages to joint health and disease. Multifunctional agents with immunomodulatory effects on macrophage reprogramming can skew the inflammatory microenvironment towards a pro-chondrogenic atmosphere, and are thus, potential therapeutic options for the treatment of OA and other immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Academy of Orthopedics·Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - D Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Academy of Orthopedics·Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - X Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Hospital of Guangdong Province, Academy of Orthopedics·Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory, 510005, Guangzhou, China.
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40
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Abstract
The development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), at least in its autoantibody-positive subset, evolves through a series of events starting well before the appearance of synovitis. The distinction between 'early' and 'established' RA is, therefore, an evolving concept. In routine practice, however, the management of RA still starts with the occurrence of clinically detectable synovitis. As such, the synovial membrane remains a major target for the exploitation of possible stage-specific drivers of the disease. The recognition of a 'window of opportunity', in which treatment is more likely to succeed, raises the hypothesis that there might be a period in which the biological processes of RA are less mature and potentially reversible. The present review aims to provide a general picture of the modifications occurring in RA synovium, analysing the contribution of both infiltrating immune cells and stromal cells. When available, differences between early and established RA will be discussed.
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41
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Ardura JA, Rackov G, Izquierdo E, Alonso V, Gortazar AR, Escribese MM. Targeting Macrophages: Friends or Foes in Disease? Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1255. [PMID: 31708781 PMCID: PMC6819424 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages occupy a prominent position during immune responses. They are considered the final effectors of any given immune response since they can be activated by a wide range of surface ligands and cytokines to acquire a continuum of functional states. Macrophages are involved in tissue homeostasis and in the promotion or resolution of inflammatory responses, causing tissue damage or helping in tissue repair. Knowledge in macrophage polarization has significantly increased in the last decade. Biomarkers, functions, and metabolic states associated with macrophage polarization status have been defined both in murine and human models. Moreover, a large body of evidence demonstrated that macrophage status is a dynamic process that can be modified. Macrophages orchestrate virtually all major diseases—sepsis, infection, chronic inflammatory diseases (rheumatoid arthritis), neurodegenerative disease, and cancer—and thus they represent attractive therapeutic targets. In fact, the possibility to “reprogram” macrophage status is considered as a promising strategy for designing novel therapies. Here, we will review the role of different tissue macrophage populations in the instauration and progression of inflammatory and non-inflammatory pathologies, as exemplified by rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, glioblastoma, and tumor metastasis. We will analyze: 1) the potential as therapeutic targets of recently described macrophage populations, such as osteomacs, reported to play an important role in bone formation and homeostasis or metastasis-associated macrophages (MAMs), key players in the generation of premetastatic niche; 2) the current and potential future approaches to target monocytes/macrophages and their inflammation-causing products in rheumatoid arthritis; and 3) the development of novel intervention strategies using oncolytic viruses, immunomodulatory agents, and checkpoint inhibitors aiming to boost M1-associated anti-tumor immunity. In this review, we will focus on the potential of macrophages as therapeutic targets and discuss their involvement in state-of-the-art strategies to modulate prevalent pathologies of aging societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Ardura
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, San Pablo CEU University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gorjana Rackov
- IMDEA Nanoscience Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Fundación de Investigación HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Izquierdo
- Department I for Internal Medicine and CECAD, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Veronica Alonso
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, San Pablo CEU University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arancha R Gortazar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, San Pablo CEU University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria M Escribese
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, San Pablo CEU University, Madrid, Spain
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42
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Culemann S, Grüneboom A, Krönke G. Origin and function of synovial macrophage subsets during inflammatory joint disease. Adv Immunol 2019; 143:75-98. [PMID: 31607368 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mononuclear phagocytes, including monocytes and macrophages, are a central component of the host's innate immune system designated to protect against invading pathogens. However, these cells do not only interact with various parts of the innate and adaptive immune system, but also fulfill indispensable duties during the control of tissue homeostasis and organ function. Moreover, macrophages are crucially involved in tissue remodeling and repair in response to damage. Simultaneously, mononuclear phagocytes might also contribute to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In particular, their potential role in inflammatory joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has drawn increasing attention and substantially shaped our general understanding of the role of monocytes and macrophages during health and disease. This review summarizes our current knowledge about the origin and function of mononuclear phagocytes within the joint and addresses their involvement in joint inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Culemann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.; Nikolaus Fiebiger Center of Molecular Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anika Grüneboom
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.; Nikolaus Fiebiger Center of Molecular Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Krönke
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.; Nikolaus Fiebiger Center of Molecular Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
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Li F, Tang Y, Song B, Yu M, Li Q, Zhang C, Hou J, Yang R. Nomenclature clarification: synovial fibroblasts and synovial mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:260. [PMID: 31426847 PMCID: PMC6701095 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1359-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Synovial-derived cells, found in the synovial membrane of human joints, were obtained by digestion of the synovial membrane and were subsequently expanded in vitro. The identity of synovial-derived cells has long been a topic of debate. The terms "type B synoviocytes," "fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS)," "synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)," and "synovial fibroblasts (SF)" appeared in different articles related to human synovial-derived cells in various disease models, yet they seemed to be describing the same cell type. However, to date, there is no clear standard to distinguish these terms; thus, the hypothesis that they represent the same cell type is currently inconclusive. Therefore, this review aims to clarify the similarities and differences between these terms and to diffuse the chaotic nomenclature of synovial-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangqi Li
- Department of Orthopedic, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, NO.107 Yan Jiang West Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China
| | - Yiyong Tang
- Department of Orthopedic, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, NO.107 Yan Jiang West Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Orthopedic, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, NO.107 Yan Jiang West Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China
| | - Menglei Yu
- Department of Orthopedic, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, NO.107 Yan Jiang West Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China
| | - Qingyue Li
- Department of Orthopedic, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, NO.107 Yan Jiang West Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China
| | - Congda Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, NO.107 Yan Jiang West Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China
| | - Jingyi Hou
- Department of Orthopedic, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, NO.107 Yan Jiang West Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China.
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Orthopedic, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat-sen University, NO.107 Yan Jiang West Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510120, China.
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Li L, Lv G, Wang B, Kuang L. XIST/miR-376c-5p/OPN axis modulates the influence of proinflammatory M1 macrophages on osteoarthritis chondrocyte apoptosis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:281-293. [PMID: 31215024 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory microenvironment in the joints is one of the critical issues during osteoarthritis (OA) and also the main factor that may aggravate symptoms. Under inflammatory microenvironment, M1 macrophages are activated and produce large numbers of proinflammatory mediators, leading to the production of degradative enzymes, the disturbance of chondrocyte apoptosis and cartilage catabolic processes, and finally the deterioration of OA. In the present study, we reveal that the overexpression of osteopontin (OPN), a cytokine, and a matrix protein involved in arthritis and chondrocyte apoptosis in OA, could exacerbate the inflammatory microenvironment in OA via promoting the production of proinflammation cytokines and the levels of degradative enzymes in M1 macrophages, therefore, enhancing the cytotoxicity of M1 macrophage on chondrocytes. XIST expression significantly increases in OA tissue specimens. XIST serves as a competing endogenous RNA for miR-376c-5p to compete with OPN for miR-376c-5p binding, thus counteracting miR-376c-5p-mediated OPN suppression. XIST knockdown could improve the inflammatory microenvironment in OA via acting on M1 macrophages, subsequently affecting the apoptosis of cocultured chondrocytes. miR-376c-5p inhibition exerts an opposing effect on M1 macrophages and cocultured chondrocytes, as well as significantly reverses the effect of XIST knockdown. As a further confirmation, XIST and OPN mRNA expression significantly increased in OA tissues and was positively correlated in tissue samples. In summary, we provide a novel mechanism of macrophages and the inflammatory microenvironment affecting chondrocyte apoptosis. XIST and OPN might be potential targets for OA treatment, which needs further in vivo experimental confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guohua Lv
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Kuang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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45
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Barendregt AM, van Gulik EC, Groot PFC, Dolman KM, van den Berg JM, Nassar-Sheikh Rashid A, Schonenberg-Meinema D, Lavini C, Rosendahl K, Hemke R, Kuijpers TW, Maas M, Nusman CM. Prolonged time between intravenous contrast administration and image acquisition results in increased synovial thickness at magnetic resonance imaging in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Pediatr Radiol 2019; 49:638-645. [PMID: 30707259 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-018-04332-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-contrast synovial thickness measurement is necessary for scoring disease activity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). However, the timing of post-contrast sequences varies widely among institutions. This variation in timing could influence thickness measurements. OBJECTIVE To measure thickness of the synovial membrane on early and late post-contrast knee magnetic resonance (MR) images of patients with JIA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dynamic contrast-enhanced T1-weighted knee MR images of 53 children with JIA with current or past knee arthritis were used to study synovial thickness at time point 1 (about 1 min) and time point 2 (about 5 min after contrast administration). Two experienced readers, who were blinded for the time point, independently measured synovial thickness at a predefined, marked location in the patellofemoral compartment on randomized images. Synovial thickness at the two time points was compared using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Repeatibility of the synovial thickness measurements was studied using intraclass correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS Median synovial thickness of the 53 patients (median age: 13.5 years, 59% female) increased with prolonged post-contrast interval with a synovial thickness of 1.4 mm at time point 1 and a synovial thickness of 1.5 mm at time point 2 (P<0.001). Repeated synovial thickness measurements showed an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.75, P<0.05 for time point 1 and an ICC of 0.91, P<0.05 for time point 2. CONCLUSION Post-contrast synovial membrane thickness measurements are time-dependent. Therefore, standardization of post-contrast image acquisition timing is important to achieve consistent grading of synovial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk M Barendregt
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Pediatric Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - E Charlotte van Gulik
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul F C Groot
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Koert M Dolman
- Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Reade, Dr. Jan van Breemenstraat 2, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis West, Jan Tooropstraat, 164, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis Oost, Oosterpark 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J Merlijn van den Berg
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amara Nassar-Sheikh Rashid
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dieneke Schonenberg-Meinema
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Lavini
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karen Rosendahl
- Section of Pediatric Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies Vei 65, PB 1400, 5021, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Clinical Medicine, K1, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies Vei 87, N-5021, Bergen, Norway
| | - Robert Hemke
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Maas
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte M Nusman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatric Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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46
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Ueda Y, Saegusa J, Okano T, Sendo S, Yamada H, Nishimura K, Morinobu A. Additive effects of inhibiting both mTOR and glutamine metabolism on the arthritis in SKG mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6374. [PMID: 31011190 PMCID: PMC6476881 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42932-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamine metabolism and the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway are activated cooperatively in the differentiation and activation of inflammatory immune cells. But the combined inhibition of both pathways was rarely investigated. This study investigated how inhibiting both glutamine metabolism with 6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON) and mTOR with rapamycin affects immune cells and the arthritis in a mouse model. We revealed that rapamycin and DON additively suppressed CD4+ T cell proliferation, and both of them inhibited Th17 cell differentiation. While DON inhibited the differentiation of dendritic cells and macrophages and facilitated that of Ly6G+ granulocytic (G)-MDSCs more strongly than did rapamycin, G-MDSCs treated with rapamycin but not DON suppressed CD4+ T cell proliferation in vitro. The combination of rapamycin and DON significantly suppressed the arthritis in SKG mice more strongly than did each monotherapy in vivo. The numbers of CD4+ T and Th17 cells in the spleen were lowest in mice treated with the combination therapy. Thus, combined treatment with rapamycin and DON additively ameliorated the arthritis in SKG mice, possibly by suppressing CD4+ T cell proliferation and Th17 differentiation. These results suggest the combination of rapamycin and DON may be a potential novel therapy for arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Ueda
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Jun Saegusa
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takaichi Okano
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Sho Sendo
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Yamada
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nishimura
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akio Morinobu
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
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47
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Abstract
Synovial tissue is a key structure in diarthrodial joints and is the primary target of inflammation in autoimmune arthritis. The study of synovial tissue has developed significantly in the last two decades as arthroscopic and ultrasonographic techniques have allowed visualization and access to synovial biopsy. Further progress in synovial tissue processing and analysis has improved studies of disease pathogenesis, biomarker discovery, and molecular therapeutic targeting with increasingly specialized analytical and technological approaches. In September 2018 the first course on Synovial Tissue Biopsies was convened in Brussels, in this Mini Review these approaches will be described and I will summarize how synovial tissue research advanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J Veale
- The Centre for Arthritis and Rheumatic Disease, University College Dublin, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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48
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Zhang H, Lin C, Zeng C, Wang Z, Wang H, Lu J, Liu X, Shao Y, Zhao C, Pan J, Xu S, Zhang Y, Xie D, Cai D, Bai X. Synovial macrophage M1 polarisation exacerbates experimental osteoarthritis partially through R-spondin-2. Ann Rheum Dis 2018; 77:1524-1534. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-213450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ObjectivesTo investigate the roles and regulatory mechanisms of synovial macrophages and their polarisation in the development of osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsSynovial tissues from normal patients and patients with OA were collected. M1 or M2-polarised macrophages in synovial tissues of patients with OA and OA mice were analysed by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining. Mice with tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (TSC1) or Rheb deletion specifically in the myeloid lineage were generated and subjected to intra-articular injection of collagenase (collagenase-induced osteoarthritis, CIOA) and destabilisation of the medial meniscus (DMM) surgery to induce OA. Cartilage damage and osteophyte size were measured by Osteoarthritis Research Society International score and micro-CT, respectively. mRNA sequencing was performed in M1 and control macrophages. Mice and ATDC5 cells were treated with R-spondin-2 (Rspo2) or anti-Rspo2 to investigate the role of Rspo2 in OA.ResultsM1 but not M2-polarised macrophages accumulated in human and mouse OA synovial tissue. TSC1 deletion in the myeloid lineage constitutively activated mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), increased M1 polarisation in synovial macrophages and exacerbated experimental OA in both CIOA and DMM models, while Rheb deletion inhibited mTORC1, enhanced M2 polarisation and alleviated CIOA in mice. The results show that promoting the macrophage M1 polarisation leads to exacerbation of experimental OA partially through secretion of Rspo2 and activation of β-catenin signalling in chondrocytes.ConclusionsSynovial macrophage M1 polarisation exacerbates experimental CIOA partially through Rspo2. M1 macrophages and Rspo2 are potential therapeutic targets for OA treatment.
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49
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Orange DE, Agius P, DiCarlo EF, Robine N, Geiger H, Szymonifka J, McNamara M, Cummings R, Andersen KM, Mirza S, Figgie M, Ivashkiv LB, Pernis AB, Jiang CS, Frank MO, Darnell RB, Lingampali N, Robinson WH, Gravallese E, Bykerk VP, Goodman SM, Donlin LT. Identification of Three Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Subtypes by Machine Learning Integration of Synovial Histologic Features and RNA Sequencing Data. Arthritis Rheumatol 2018; 70:690-701. [PMID: 29468833 PMCID: PMC6336443 DOI: 10.1002/art.40428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study, we sought to refine histologic scoring of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissue by training with gene expression data and machine learning. METHODS Twenty histologic features were assessed in 129 synovial tissue samples (n = 123 RA patients and n = 6 osteoarthritis [OA] patients). Consensus clustering was performed on gene expression data from a subset of 45 synovial samples. Support vector machine learning was used to predict gene expression subtypes, using histologic data as the input. Corresponding clinical data were compared across subtypes. RESULTS Consensus clustering of gene expression data revealed 3 distinct synovial subtypes, including a high inflammatory subtype characterized by extensive infiltration of leukocytes, a low inflammatory subtype characterized by enrichment in pathways including transforming growth factor β, glycoproteins, and neuronal genes, and a mixed subtype. Machine learning applied to histologic features, with gene expression subtypes serving as labels, generated an algorithm for the scoring of histologic features. Patients with the high inflammatory synovial subtype exhibited higher levels of markers of systemic inflammation and autoantibodies. C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly correlated with the severity of pain in the high inflammatory subgroup but not in the others. CONCLUSION Gene expression analysis of RA and OA synovial tissue revealed 3 distinct synovial subtypes. These labels were used to generate a histologic scoring algorithm in which the histologic scores were found to be associated with parameters of systemic inflammation, including the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP level, and autoantibody levels. Comparison of gene expression patterns to clinical features revealed a potentially clinically important distinction: mechanisms of pain may differ in patients with different synovial subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana E. Orange
- Dana E. Orange, MD, MSc: Hospital for Special Surgery, The Rockefeller University, and New York Genome Center, New York, New York
| | - Phaedra Agius
- Phaedra Agius, PhD, Nicolas Robine, PhD, Heather Geiger, BA: New York Genome Center, New York, New York
| | - Edward F. DiCarlo
- Edward F. DiCarlo, MD, Jackie Szymonifka, PhD, Michael McNamara, BS, Ryan Cummings, AB, Kathleen M. Andersen, BSc, Serene Mirza, BS, Mark Figgie, MD, Lionel B. Ivashkiv, MD, Alessandra B. Pernis, PhD, Vivian P. Bykerk, MD, Susan M. Goodman, MD, Laura T. Donlin, PhD: Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Nicolas Robine
- Phaedra Agius, PhD, Nicolas Robine, PhD, Heather Geiger, BA: New York Genome Center, New York, New York
| | - Heather Geiger
- Phaedra Agius, PhD, Nicolas Robine, PhD, Heather Geiger, BA: New York Genome Center, New York, New York
| | - Jackie Szymonifka
- Edward F. DiCarlo, MD, Jackie Szymonifka, PhD, Michael McNamara, BS, Ryan Cummings, AB, Kathleen M. Andersen, BSc, Serene Mirza, BS, Mark Figgie, MD, Lionel B. Ivashkiv, MD, Alessandra B. Pernis, PhD, Vivian P. Bykerk, MD, Susan M. Goodman, MD, Laura T. Donlin, PhD: Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Michael McNamara
- Edward F. DiCarlo, MD, Jackie Szymonifka, PhD, Michael McNamara, BS, Ryan Cummings, AB, Kathleen M. Andersen, BSc, Serene Mirza, BS, Mark Figgie, MD, Lionel B. Ivashkiv, MD, Alessandra B. Pernis, PhD, Vivian P. Bykerk, MD, Susan M. Goodman, MD, Laura T. Donlin, PhD: Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Ryan Cummings
- Edward F. DiCarlo, MD, Jackie Szymonifka, PhD, Michael McNamara, BS, Ryan Cummings, AB, Kathleen M. Andersen, BSc, Serene Mirza, BS, Mark Figgie, MD, Lionel B. Ivashkiv, MD, Alessandra B. Pernis, PhD, Vivian P. Bykerk, MD, Susan M. Goodman, MD, Laura T. Donlin, PhD: Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Kathleen M. Andersen
- Edward F. DiCarlo, MD, Jackie Szymonifka, PhD, Michael McNamara, BS, Ryan Cummings, AB, Kathleen M. Andersen, BSc, Serene Mirza, BS, Mark Figgie, MD, Lionel B. Ivashkiv, MD, Alessandra B. Pernis, PhD, Vivian P. Bykerk, MD, Susan M. Goodman, MD, Laura T. Donlin, PhD: Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Serene Mirza
- Edward F. DiCarlo, MD, Jackie Szymonifka, PhD, Michael McNamara, BS, Ryan Cummings, AB, Kathleen M. Andersen, BSc, Serene Mirza, BS, Mark Figgie, MD, Lionel B. Ivashkiv, MD, Alessandra B. Pernis, PhD, Vivian P. Bykerk, MD, Susan M. Goodman, MD, Laura T. Donlin, PhD: Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Mark Figgie
- Edward F. DiCarlo, MD, Jackie Szymonifka, PhD, Michael McNamara, BS, Ryan Cummings, AB, Kathleen M. Andersen, BSc, Serene Mirza, BS, Mark Figgie, MD, Lionel B. Ivashkiv, MD, Alessandra B. Pernis, PhD, Vivian P. Bykerk, MD, Susan M. Goodman, MD, Laura T. Donlin, PhD: Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Lionel B. Ivashkiv
- Edward F. DiCarlo, MD, Jackie Szymonifka, PhD, Michael McNamara, BS, Ryan Cummings, AB, Kathleen M. Andersen, BSc, Serene Mirza, BS, Mark Figgie, MD, Lionel B. Ivashkiv, MD, Alessandra B. Pernis, PhD, Vivian P. Bykerk, MD, Susan M. Goodman, MD, Laura T. Donlin, PhD: Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Alessandra B. Pernis
- Edward F. DiCarlo, MD, Jackie Szymonifka, PhD, Michael McNamara, BS, Ryan Cummings, AB, Kathleen M. Andersen, BSc, Serene Mirza, BS, Mark Figgie, MD, Lionel B. Ivashkiv, MD, Alessandra B. Pernis, PhD, Vivian P. Bykerk, MD, Susan M. Goodman, MD, Laura T. Donlin, PhD: Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Caroline S. Jiang
- Caroline S. Jiang, PhD: The Rockefeller University Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Mayu O. Frank
- Mayu O. Frank, NP, PhD, Robert B. Darnell, MD, PhD: The Rockefeller University and New York Genome Center, New York, New York
| | - Robert B. Darnell
- Mayu O. Frank, NP, PhD, Robert B. Darnell, MD, PhD: The Rockefeller University and New York Genome Center, New York, New York
| | - Nithya Lingampali
- Nithya Lingampali, BS, William H. Robinson, MD, PhD: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - William H. Robinson
- Nithya Lingampali, BS, William H. Robinson, MD, PhD: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Ellen Gravallese
- Ellen Gravallese, MD: University of Massachusetts Memorial Medical Center, Worcester
| | | | - Vivian P. Bykerk
- Edward F. DiCarlo, MD, Jackie Szymonifka, PhD, Michael McNamara, BS, Ryan Cummings, AB, Kathleen M. Andersen, BSc, Serene Mirza, BS, Mark Figgie, MD, Lionel B. Ivashkiv, MD, Alessandra B. Pernis, PhD, Vivian P. Bykerk, MD, Susan M. Goodman, MD, Laura T. Donlin, PhD: Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Susan M. Goodman
- Edward F. DiCarlo, MD, Jackie Szymonifka, PhD, Michael McNamara, BS, Ryan Cummings, AB, Kathleen M. Andersen, BSc, Serene Mirza, BS, Mark Figgie, MD, Lionel B. Ivashkiv, MD, Alessandra B. Pernis, PhD, Vivian P. Bykerk, MD, Susan M. Goodman, MD, Laura T. Donlin, PhD: Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Laura T. Donlin
- Edward F. DiCarlo, MD, Jackie Szymonifka, PhD, Michael McNamara, BS, Ryan Cummings, AB, Kathleen M. Andersen, BSc, Serene Mirza, BS, Mark Figgie, MD, Lionel B. Ivashkiv, MD, Alessandra B. Pernis, PhD, Vivian P. Bykerk, MD, Susan M. Goodman, MD, Laura T. Donlin, PhD: Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
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50
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Alivernini S, Tolusso B, Ferraccioli G, Gremese E, Kurowska-Stolarska M, McInnes IB. Driving chronicity in rheumatoid arthritis: perpetuating role of myeloid cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 193:13-23. [PMID: 29315512 PMCID: PMC6038003 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute inflammation is a complex and tightly regulated homeostatic process that includes leucocyte migration from the vasculature into tissues to eliminate the pathogen/injury, followed by a pro‐resolving response promoting tissue repair. However, if inflammation is uncontrolled as in chronic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), it leads to tissue damage and disability. Synovial tissue inflammation in RA patients is maintained by sustained activation of multiple inflammatory positive‐feedback regulatory pathways in a variety of cells, including myeloid cells. In this review, we will highlight recent evidence uncovering biological mechanisms contributing to the aberrant activation of myeloid cells that contributes to perpetuation of inflammation in RA, and discuss emerging data on anti‐inflammatory mediators contributing to sustained remission that may inform a novel category of therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Alivernini
- Institute of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - B Tolusso
- Institute of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - G Ferraccioli
- Institute of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - E Gremese
- Institute of Rheumatology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - M Kurowska-Stolarska
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow.,Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence (RACE), Glasgow, UK
| | - I B McInnes
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow.,Rheumatoid Arthritis Pathogenesis Centre of Excellence (RACE), Glasgow, UK
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