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Liao ET, Lin HY, Tsai CY. Updated retinoblastoma incidence and outcome in children in Taiwan from 1980 to 2019: a 40-year nationwide study. Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:1535-1541. [PMID: 38307989 PMCID: PMC11126655 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-024-02946-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoblastoma is a potentially fatal disease, and its incidence and mortality varies among different countries and periods. METHODS This is a nationwide population-based retrospective study from January 1980 to December 2019 in Taiwan. Patients diagnosed as retinoblastoma were identified from the Taiwan National Cancer Registry. To update the literature on retinoblastoma incidence, mortality and trends in Taiwan, we analysed changes in incidence and survival rates over time according to sex, diagnostic age, laterality and treatment. RESULTS During 1980-2019, the incidence of retinoblastoma in Taiwan was 1 per 16 489 live births (95% CI: 13 415-19 564). The diagnostic age decreased from 2.21 ± 0.26 during 1980-1984 to 1.24 ± 0.26 during 1985-2019. Compared with that observed during 1980-1989, the incidence rate observed after 1990 increased significantly in children aged <10 years (RR: 1.62-2.40, P = 0.0049 to < 0.0001). From 1980 to 2019, the incidence rate for the 0-4-year age group increased and that for the 5-9-year age group remained constant. The mean diagnostic age for bilateral retinoblastoma (0.36 ± 0.47 years) was significantly less than that for unilateral retinoblastoma (1.37 ± 0.35 years) during 2007-2019 (P < 0.0001). The 10-year survival rate was highest in the enucleation group (89.8%) compared with radiotherapy (52.2%) and others (70.0%; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS During 1980-2019 in Taiwan, the incidence of retinoblastoma increased significantly, and the diagnostic age decreased, which are similar to the ones from other developed countries. However, the survival rate was still lower than that of most developed countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Tai Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shin Kong Wu Ho Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Yun Lin
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ying Tsai
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Singh L, Chinnaswamy G, Meel R, Radhakrishnan V, Madan R, Kulkarni S, Sasi A, Kaur T, Dhaliwal RS, Bakhshi S. Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Genetics of Retinoblastoma: ICMR Consensus Guidelines. Indian J Pediatr 2024:10.1007/s12098-024-05085-2. [PMID: 38492167 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-024-05085-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common intraocular tumor in childhood. It is mainly caused by mutations in both alleles of the RB1 tumor suppressor gene that is found on chromosome 13 and regulates the cell cycle. Approximately 8000 children are diagnosed with RB globally each year, with an estimated 1500 cases occurring in India. The survival rate of RB has improved to more than 90% in the developed world. Leukocoria and proptosis are the most common presenting features of RB in Asian Indian populations. Most cases of RB are diagnosed by fundus examination followed by ultrasound. The International Classification of Retinoblastoma is the most used scheme for the staging and classification of intraocular RB in India. Prenatal testing and preimplantation genetic testing for RB may be beneficial in high-risk families. Histopathologic risk factors such as massive choroidal invasion and post-laminar optic nerve help in predicting the occurrence of metastasis in children with RB, while presence of microscopic residual disease requires aggressive adjuvant treatment in eyes enucleated for group E RB. The review provides a consensus document on diagnosis and genetics of RB in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lata Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Girish Chinnaswamy
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Rachna Meel
- Department of Oculoplasty and Ocular Oncology Services, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Venkatraman Radhakrishnan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Pediatric Oncology, Cancer Institute (W.I.A), Adyar, Chennai, India
| | - Renu Madan
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Suyash Kulkarni
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India
| | - Archana Sasi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tanvir Kaur
- Division of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD Division), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India
| | - R S Dhaliwal
- Division of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD Division), Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi, India
| | - Sameer Bakhshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Eichholz T, Heubach F, Arendt AM, Seitz C, Brecht IB, Ebinger M, Flaadt T, Süsskind D, Richter L, Hülsenbeck I, Zerweck L, Göricke S, Paulsen F, Dombrowski F, Flotho C, Schönberger S, Ketteler P, Schulte J, Lang P. Targeted therapies in retinoblastoma: GD2-directed immunotherapy following autologous stem cell transplantation and evaluation of alternative target B7-H3. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:19. [PMID: 38240863 PMCID: PMC10798927 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03587-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GD2-directed immunotherapy is highly effective in the treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma (NB), and might be an interesting target also in other high-risk tumors. METHODS The German-Austrian Retinoblastoma Registry, Essen, was searched for patients, who were treated with anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) dinutuximab beta (Db) in order to evaluate toxicity, response and outcome in these patients. Additionally, we evaluated anti-GD2 antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) in retinoblastoma cell lines in vitro. Furthermore, in vitro cytotoxicity assays directed against B7-H3 (CD276), a new identified potential target in RB, were performed. RESULTS We identified four patients with relapsed stage IV retinoblastoma, who were treated with Db following autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). Two out of two evaluable patients with detectable tumors responded to immunotherapy. One of these and another patient who received immunotherapy without residual disease relapsed 10 and 12 months after start of Db. The other patients remained in remission until last follow-up 26 and 45 months, respectively. In vitro, significant lysis of RB cell lines by ADCC and CDC with samples from patients and healthy donors and anti-GD2 and anti-CD276-mAbs were demonstrated. CONCLUSION Anti-GD2-directed immunotherapy represents an additional therapeutic option in high-risk metastasized RB. Moreover, CD276 is another target of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Eichholz
- University Children's Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Abteilung I, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Florian Heubach
- University Children's Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Abteilung I, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Anne-Marie Arendt
- University Children's Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Abteilung I, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Seitz
- University Children's Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Abteilung I, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ines B Brecht
- University Children's Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Abteilung I, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Martin Ebinger
- University Children's Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Abteilung I, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tim Flaadt
- University Children's Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Abteilung I, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Süsskind
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Lisa Richter
- Department of Pediatrics III, University Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Isabel Hülsenbeck
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Leonie Zerweck
- Department of Radiology, Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sophia Göricke
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Frank Paulsen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Frank Dombrowski
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Flotho
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Schönberger
- Department of Pediatrics III, University Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- RB-Registry, University Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Petra Ketteler
- Department of Pediatrics III, University Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- RB-Registry, University Children's Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Schulte
- University Children's Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Abteilung I, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Peter Lang
- University Children's Hospital, Eberhard Karls University, Abteilung I, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner Site Tübingen, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Bilbeisi T, Almasry R, Obeidat M, Mohammad M, Jaradat I, Halalsheh H, Alni’mat A, Ahmad DK, Alsaket N, Mehyar M, Al-Nawaiseh I, Yousef YA. Causes of death and survival analysis for patients with retinoblastoma in Jordan. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1244308. [PMID: 37731722 PMCID: PMC10507250 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1244308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To analyze causes and prognostic factors for death among Retinoblastoma (Rb) patients treated at a single specialized tertiary cancer center in Jordan. Methods We reviewed the mortality causes for all Rb patients who have been treated at the King Hussein Cancer Center between 2003 and 2019 and were followed for at least 3 years after diagnosis. The main outcome measures included demographics, laterality, tumor stage, treatment modalities, metastasis, survival, and causes of death. Results Twenty-four (5%) of the 478 patients died from retinoblastoma and 5-year survival was 94%. The mean age at diagnosis was 15 months (median, 18 months; range, 4-38 months); eight (33%) received diagnoses within the first year of life. Eleven (46%) were boys, 16 (67%) had bilateral disease, and 3 (13%) had a positive family history. The stage for the worst eye was C for 1 (4%) patient, D in 6 (25%) patients, and E (T3) in 15 (63%) patients. Two patients had extraocular Rb at diagnosis, and four of the patients who had intraocular Rb at diagnosis refused treatment and then came back with extraocular Rb. In total, extraocular disease was encountered in six eyes (six patients). After a 120-month median follow-up period, 24 patients (5%) died of second neoplasms (n = 3) or metastases (n = 21). Significant predictive factors for metastasis and death included advanced IIRC tumor stage (p < 0.0001), the presence of high-risk pathological features in the enucleated eyes (p = 0.013), parental refusal of the recommended primary treatment plan (p < 0.0001), and extraocular extension (p < 0.0001). Conclusion The 5-year survival rates of Rb patients in Jordan are as high as those in high-income countries. However, 5% are still dying from metastatic disease, prompting the need for awareness campaigns to educate the public about the high cure rates and to prevent treatment abandonment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharwa Bilbeisi
- FedEx Institute of Technology, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Razaq Almasry
- Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), Amman, Jordan
| | - Mariam Obeidat
- Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), Amman, Jordan
| | - Mona Mohammad
- Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), Amman, Jordan
| | - Imad Jaradat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), Amman, Jordan
| | - Hadeel Halalsheh
- Department of Pediatrics Oncology, King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), Amman, Jordan
| | - Ayat Alni’mat
- Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), Amman, Jordan
| | - Danah Kanj Ahmad
- Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), Amman, Jordan
| | - Nour Alsaket
- Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), Amman, Jordan
| | - Mustafa Mehyar
- Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), Amman, Jordan
| | - Ibrahim Al-Nawaiseh
- Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), Amman, Jordan
| | - Yacoub A. Yousef
- Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), Amman, Jordan
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Marković L, Bukovac A, Varošanec AM, Šlaus N, Pećina-Šlaus N. Genetics in ophthalmology: molecular blueprints of retinoblastoma. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:82. [PMID: 37658463 PMCID: PMC10474694 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00529-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents current knowledge on the molecular biology of retinoblastoma (RB). Retinoblastoma is an intraocular tumor with hereditary and sporadic forms. 8,000 new cases of this ocular malignancy of the developing retina are diagnosed each year worldwide. The major gene responsible for retinoblastoma is RB1, and it harbors a large spectrum of pathogenic variants. Tumorigenesis begins with mutations that cause RB1 biallelic inactivation preventing the production of functional pRB proteins. Depending on the type of mutation the penetrance of RB is different. However, in small percent of tumors additional genes may be required, such as MYCN, BCOR and CREBBP. Additionally, epigenetic changes contribute to the progression of retinoblastoma as well. Besides its role in the cell cycle, pRB plays many additional roles, it regulates the nucleosome structure, participates in apoptosis, DNA replication, cellular senescence, differentiation, DNA repair and angiogenesis. Notably, pRB has an important role as a modulator of chromatin remodeling. In recent years high-throughput techniques are becoming essential for credible biomarker identification and patient management improvement. In spite of remarkable advances in retinoblastoma therapy, primarily in high-income countries, our understanding of retinoblastoma and its specific genetics still needs further clarification in order to predict the course of this disease and improve therapy. One such approach is the tumor free DNA that can be obtained from the anterior segment of the eye and be useful in diagnostics and prognostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Marković
- Department of Ophthalmology, Reference Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Croatia for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, University Hospital "Sveti Duh", Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Anja Bukovac
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory of Neurooncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 12, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Maria Varošanec
- Department of Ophthalmology, Reference Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Croatia for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, University Hospital "Sveti Duh", Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Nika Šlaus
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nives Pećina-Šlaus
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
- Laboratory of Neurooncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Salata 12, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Shemesh R, Sandler H, Dichter S, Fabian ID, Mezer E, Wygnanski-Jaffe T. The Most-Cited Articles on Retinoblastoma: A Fifty-Year Perspective. Vision (Basel) 2023; 7:vision7020033. [PMID: 37092466 PMCID: PMC10123740 DOI: 10.3390/vision7020033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To summarize the characteristics and trends of interest in retinoblastoma (Rb) in the last 50 years. METHODS The Web of Science Database was used to find all studies focused on Rb published from 1970 to 2018. The term "retinoblastoma" was used to search for the 100 most cited records. RESULTS The mean number of citations was 153.55 ± 88.9. The majority were from the United States (US) (n = 68). Drs. Shields authored 38% of the papers. The number of citations per year was positively correlated with the number of authors, r = 0.26 (p = 0.008). The number of patients was significantly associated with the number of citations per year (p = 0.012). Although papers on radiotherapy were the most common, publications about intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) were associated with 88.3% more citations per year (p = 0.031) and papers on intravenous chemotherapy (IVC) were associated with 40.3% more citations per year (p= 0.04). Review and meta-analysis studies had a higher median of citations (10.5) than interventional (6.4) or observational (5.2) studies. CONCLUSIONS This study compiles a comprehensive analysis of the most-cited articles on Rb. Studies with a higher number of citations per year were associated with IAC, which emphasizes the significance of the advances in Rb treatments that allow for the saving of eyes and vision as well as lives. Review studies had more citations than observational or interventional studies. More citations were associated with a larger number of authors or more reported patients per paper. These findings highlight the importance of collaborations to achieve relevant, high-quality research of Rb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Shemesh
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Sheba Medical Center, Goldschleger Eye Institute, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Hunter Sandler
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Sarah Dichter
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Ido Didi Fabian
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Sheba Medical Center, Goldschleger Eye Institute, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
| | - Eedy Mezer
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Tamara Wygnanski-Jaffe
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Sheba Medical Center, Goldschleger Eye Institute, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel
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Mou J, Yang L, Zhao J, Ni X. The survival analysis and feasibility study of Pars Plana Vitrectomy (PPV) in the treatment of retinoblastoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:1313-1318. [PMID: 36357738 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04466-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the safety and efficacy of Pars Plana Vitrectomy (PPV) as a treatment for retinoblastoma patients and to evaluate the feasibility. METHODS AND PATIENTS We collected 342 eyes who had PPV after systemic chemotherapy in our retrospective study, then analyze the 5-year overall survival and 5-year event-free survival rate, recurrence rate, and metastasis rate. The above data were used to evaluate the feasibility of PPV in the treatment of retinoblastoma. RESULTS The mean value of follow-up time was 62.9 months from PPV. Of all 342 eyes, 18% eyes underwent enucleation of the eyeball. Excluding Non-PPV related deaths eyes, the 5-year overall survival rates and event-free survival were 95% and 80%; the tumor recurrence rate and metastasis rate were approximately 26% and 1.2%, respectively; the mortality was 3.9%. And the incidence of high-risk pathological factors of enucleated eyes after PPV was 32%. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that Pars Plana Vitrectomy as a new approach to preserve the eyeball of RB children is feasible, especially for those patients who cannot be completely controlled by systemic chemotherapy or the tumors with vitreous seeds. Although the outcomes in our study are very optimistic, we also recommend an experienced eye surgeon to perform the operation and strictly control the indications for PPV surgery. And enough systemic chemotherapy is very important before and after surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Treatment study (Retrospective comparative study), III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Mou
- Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Healthy, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Healthy, Beijing, China
| | - Junyang Zhao
- National Center for Pediatric Center Surveillance, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Healthy, Beijing, China.
| | - Xin Ni
- National Center for Pediatric Center Surveillance, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Healthy, Beijing, China.
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Abdelazeem B, Abbas KS, Shehata J, El-Shahat NA, Eltaras MM, Qaddoumi I, Alfaar AS. Survival trends for patients with retinoblastoma between 2000 and 2018: What has changed? Cancer Med 2023; 12:6318-6324. [PMID: 36479934 PMCID: PMC10028055 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common primary intraocular cancer of childhood. Over the last few decades, a variety of techniques and treatment modalities emerged that improved the survival and ocular salvage rate of patients with RB. We investigated the relative survival trends of patients with RB from 2000 to 2018 by using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. DESIGN Retrospective database review. METHODS We extracted data from SEER 18 from 2000 to 2018. All patients with clinically diagnosed RB during the study period were included. We utilized SEER*Stat 8.3.9 and JPSurv software to estimate relative 5- and 10-year survival rates and trends and generated descriptive analyses with IBM SPSS. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Patient survival rates at 5- and 10-year after RB diagnosis. RESULTS RB was diagnosed in 1479 patients within the SEER 18 Program during our study period. The cohort comprised 776 (52.5%) males, 615 (41.6%) non-Hispanic whites, 487(32.9%) Hispanics, 1030 (69.6%) patients with unilateral disease, and 1087 (73.5%) patients with localized disease. Relative survival trends at 5- and 10-year significantly declined over the study periods (-0.42%, and -0.50% annually, respectively) but the decline was not significant in unilateral and bilateral RB cases separately. CONCLUSIONS Five- and ten-year relative survival trends declined from 2000 to 2018 and were significantly decreasing. Further studies that include more patients are needed to identify the factors contributing to reduced survival of patients with RB over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basel Abdelazeem
- McLaren Health Care, Flint/Michigan State University, Flint, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ahmad Samir Alfaar
- Ophthalmology Department, University of Um, Ulm, Germany
- Experimental Ophthalmology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Abolhosseini M, Khorrami Z, Safi S, Akbari ME, Moshtaghion SM, Mohammadi SF, Kanavi MR, Karimi S. A joinpoint and age-period-cohort analysis of ocular cancer secular trends in Iran from 2004 to 2016. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1074. [PMID: 36658192 PMCID: PMC9852578 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26349-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigating secular trends of ocular cancer registration in Iran. After acquiring Iranian national population-based cancer registry data, trends of age-standardised incidence rates (ASIR) of ocular cancers and annual percent changes (APC) between 2004 and 2016 were analysed in age groups, gender, topography and morphology types with joinpoint regression analysis. Age, period, and cohort effects on incidence rates were estimated by age-period-cohort model. Geographic distribution of ASIR was assessed using GIS. Overall ASIR of ocular cancers was 16.04/100,000 (95% CI 15.77-16.32). Joinpoint regression analysis showed a significant increase of ASIR between 2004 and 2009 for males (APC = 5.5, 95% CI 0.9-10.2), ages over 50 years (APC = 5.2, 1.2-9.4), skin/canthus/adnexal cancers (APC = 4.2, 0.8-7.7), and carcinomas/adenocarcinomas (APC = 4.3, 0.6-8.1); however, between 2009 and 2016 a declining trend was observed in all investigated variables. ASIR of retinoblastoma was significantly increased (averaged APC = 20.7, 9-33.7) between 2004 and 2016. age-period-cohort analyses showed that incidence rates of ocular cancers significantly increased with aging, time periods, and birth cohort effects (p < 0.001). ASIR varied from 6.7/100,000 to 21.7/100,000 in Iran. Excepting retinoblastoma, all ocular cancer incidence trends were downward over a 13-year period; however, it was increasing between 2004 and 2009 cancer. ASIR was significant aging in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abolhosseini
- Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 23, Paidarfard St., Pasdaran Ave., Tehran, Iran.,Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 23, Paydar fard st, Pasdaran ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Khorrami
- Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 23, Paidarfard St., Pasdaran Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - Sare Safi
- Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 23, Paidarfard St., Pasdaran Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Mohamadmehdi Moshtaghion
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 23, Paydar fard st, Pasdaran ave, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Farzad Mohammadi
- Translational Ophthalmology Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Rezaei Kanavi
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 23, Paydar fard st, Pasdaran ave, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Karimi
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 23, Paydar fard st, Pasdaran ave, Tehran, Iran.
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Lam M, Suh D. Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Pediatric Ocular Diseases. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9121939. [PMID: 36553382 PMCID: PMC9777216 DOI: 10.3390/children9121939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vision is an important aspect of a child's quality of life and intellectual, social, and emotional development. Disruptions to vision during infancy and early childhood can cause lifelong vision impairment or blindness. However, early identification and treatment of eye disease can prevent loss of sight and its consequent long-term effects. Therefore, screening guidelines exist to guide physicians in detecting the most common threats to sight in the different stages of infancy and childhood. This review describes common causes of pediatric vision impairment, the recommended screening guidelines for diagnosing them, and current treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Lam
- Creighton University School of Medicine Phoenix Regional Campus, Phoenix, AZ 85012, USA
| | - Donny Suh
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Correspondence:
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11
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Cruz-Gálvez CC, Ordaz-Favila JC, Villar-Calvo VM, Cancino-Marentes ME, Bosch-Canto V. Retinoblastoma: Review and new insights. Front Oncol 2022; 12:963780. [PMID: 36408154 PMCID: PMC9670800 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.963780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (Rb), the most frequent malignant intraocular tumor in childhood, is caused by mutations in the retinoblastoma gene (RB1) situated on chromosome 13q14.2. The incidence of retinoblastoma is approximately 1 in 17,000 live births with approximately 8,000 new cases diagnosed each year worldwide. Rb is the prototypical hereditary cancer in humans. Autosomal dominant inheritance is seen in 30-40% of cases whereas the non-inherited sporadic type accounts for the remaining 60-70%. Rb arises due to inactivation of both alleles of the Rb tumor suppressor gene, which results in a defective Rb protein (pRB) with subsequent cell cycle impairment and uncontrolled cell proliferation. Patients with Rb have survival rates higher than 95-98% in industrialized countries but mortality remains high in developing countries. For example, the mortality rate in Africa is 70%. In all cases of intraocular and extraocular retinoblastoma, there is a need for new therapies that are more effective and carry less risk of toxicity. The Bruckner test is a practical and easy test for the detection of Rb, this test consists of assessing the fundus reflex through the pupil (red reflex) in both eyes simultaneously with a bright coaxial light produced with the direct ophthalmoscope. Rb can be detected by the Bruckner test showing a pupil that shines white or “Leukocoria”. Although the diagnosis of Rb remains essentially clinical, the newly identified biomarkers could contribute to early molecular detection, timely detection of micrometastases and establish new therapeutic options for Rb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Carolina Cruz-Gálvez
- Physiology Department, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Ordaz-Favila
- Pediatric Ophthalmology, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Universidad Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | | | | | - Vanessa Bosch-Canto
- Pediatric Ophthalmology, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Universidad Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Vanessa Bosch-Canto,
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12
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Jabir AR, Zaheer HA, Zaheer MA, Zaheer EA, Birdsong R. Detection and Diagnosis of Retinoblastoma: Can Mobile Devices Be the Next Step Toward Early Intervention? Cureus 2022; 14:e30074. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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13
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Tarlan B, Gunaydin B, Veyselov O, Gungor I, Konuk O. Surgical treatment of huge orbital retinoblastoma under general anesthesia in a three-year old child. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIOLOGY (ENGLISH EDITION) 2022; 72:676-677. [PMID: 35398150 PMCID: PMC9515669 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjane.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
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14
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Yaqoob N, Zia N, Hamid A, Kaleem B, Jamal S, Amin S, Qaddoumi I, Jamal S. Correlation of clinical and radiological predictors of retinoblastoma with high-risk histopathological features. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29625. [PMID: 35253344 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Retinoblastoma (RB) tumors having high-risk histopathologic features (HRFs) have an increased risk of metastasis and disease relapse. However, RB has not been studied widely in Pakistan. Therefore, we evaluated the association of clinical, histopathologic, and radiological findings with HRFs in patients with RB who were treated at the Indus Health & Hospital Network in Karachi, Pakistan. METHODS We enrolled treatment-naïve patients with RB who received upfront enucleation from September 2017 to February 2021. We evaluated enucleated eyes with the Intraocular Classification of Retinoblastoma system and classified HRFs as invasion of the anterior chamber, including the iris and ciliary body, or massive invasion of the choroid, sclera, or optic nerve (postlaminar and/or up to the transection line). RESULTS Of 117 patients with RB treated at our institution during the study period, 54 received upfront enucleation. Unilateral disease was present in 92.6% of cases. The most frequent disease signs and symptoms included the presence of vitreous seeds (30.6%) and leukocoria (100%), respectively. The most frequent HRFs and radiological findings comprised massive choroidal invasion (15.1%) and anterior chamber enhancement (66.7%), respectively. The majority (62.9%) of patients did not exhibit any HRFs. Female sex, pseudohypopyon, iris neovascularization, buphthalmos, and glaucoma had significant predictive ability for HRF occurrence. CONCLUSION Pseudohypopyon, iris neovascularization, buphthalmos, and glaucoma are important clinical factors that should be taken into consideration before the management of RB. Early recognition of high-risk histopathological and radiological features is essential for appropriate treatment of RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nausheen Yaqoob
- Section of Histopathology, Indus Hospital & Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nida Zia
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Indus Hospital & Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ahmer Hamid
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Indus Hospital & Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Kaleem
- Indus Health Research Center, Indus Hospital & Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saad Jamal
- Department of Radiology, Indus Hospital & Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saima Amin
- Layton Rahmatulla Benevolent Trust (LRBT), Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ibrahim Qaddoumi
- Departments of Global Pediatric Medicine and Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Saba Jamal
- Section of Histopathology, Indus Hospital & Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan
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15
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Analysis of Cause-Specific Mortality in Patients with Retinoblastoma. J Ophthalmol 2022; 2022:2470890. [PMID: 35282141 PMCID: PMC8916902 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2470890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Retinoblastoma (RB) is a rare pediatric tumor with a relatively favorable prognosis. However, RB is associated with cause-specific mortality, some of that should be of great importance to clinicians. In this study, we summarize the characteristics of cause-specific mortality from nontumor disease in patients with RB. Methods. This retrospective case series study identified and analyzed cause-specific mortality in patients with RB. The information of cause-specific mortality of RB patients, including detailed clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment process, cause-specific mortality classification, and lag time, was assessed. Results. A total of 12 eligible patients were selected from 264 patients who died among 3780 patients diagnosed with RB. The cause-specific mortality rate was 4.5% for all patients with RB who died and 0.3% for all patients with RB. The main nontumor cause-specific mortalities were diseases of the nervous, circulatory, and respiratory systems, which specifically included intracranial infection, cerebral hemorrhage, paraplegia, and respiratory failure. The longest lag time was 42 days from the last chemoradiotherapy or surgery. Conclusion. Nontumor cause-specific mortality is an essential outcome of RB. Thus, intensive care and differentiation during management need to be taken seriously.
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16
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Sex disparities in DNA damage response pathways: Novel determinants in cancer formation and therapy. iScience 2022; 25:103875. [PMID: 35243237 PMCID: PMC8858993 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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17
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Li M, Bian X, Chen X, Fan N, Zou H, Bao Y, Zhou Y. Multifunctional liposome for photoacoustic/ultrasound imaging-guided chemo/photothermal retinoblastoma therapy. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:519-533. [PMID: 35156504 PMCID: PMC8863383 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2032876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is a malignant intraocular neoplasm that occurs in children. Diagnosis and therapy are frequently delayed, often leading to metastasis, which necessitates effective imaging and treatment. In recent years, the use of nanoplatforms allowing both imaging and targeted treatment has attracted much attention. Herein, we report a novel nanoplatform folate-receptor (FR) targeted laser-activatable liposome termed FA-DOX-ICG-PFP@Lip, which is loaded with doxorubicin (DOX)/indocyanine green (ICG) and liquid perfluoropentane (PFP) for photoacoustic/ultrasound (PA/US) dual-modal imaging-guided chemo/photothermal RB therapy. The dual-modal imaging capability, photothermal conversion under laser irradiation, biocompatibility, and antitumor ability of these liposomes were appraised. The multifunctional liposome showed a good tumor targeting ability and was efficacious as a dual-modality contrast agent both in vivo and in vitro. When laser-irradiated, the liposome converted light energy to heat. This action caused immediate destruction of tumor cells, while simultaneously initiating PFP phase transformation to release DOX, resulting in both photothermal and chemotherapeutic antitumor effects. Notably, the FA-DOX-ICG-PFP@Lip showed good biocompatibility and no systemic toxicity was observed after laser irradiation in RB tumor-bearing mice. Hence, the FA-DOX-ICG-PFP@Lip shows great promise for dual-modal imaging-guided chemo/photothermal therapy, and may have significant value for diagnosing and treating RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xintong Bian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.,Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ningke Fan
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Hongmi Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yixi Bao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
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18
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Li Z, Guo J, Xu X, Wei W, Xian J. MRI-based radiomics model can improve the predictive performance of postlaminar optic nerve invasion in retinoblastoma. Br J Radiol 2022; 95:20211027. [PMID: 34826253 PMCID: PMC8822570 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20211027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop an MRI-based radiomics model to predict postlaminar optic nerve invasion (PLONI) in retinoblastoma (RB) and compare its predictive performance with subjective radiologists' assessment. METHODS We retrospectively enrolled 124 patients with pathologically proven RB (90 in training set and 34 in validation set) who had MRI scans before surgery. A radiomics model for predicting PLONI was developed by extracting quantitative imaging features from axial T2W images and contrast-enhanced T1W images in the training set. The Kruskal-Wallis test, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, and recursive feature elimination were used for feature selection, where upon a radiomics model was built with a logistic regression (LR) classifier. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the accuracy were assessed to evaluate the predictive performance in the training and validation set. The performance of the radiomics model was compared to radiologists' assessment by DeLong test. RESULTS The AUC of the radiomics model for the prediction of PLONI was 0.928 in the training set and 0.841 in the validation set. Radiomics model produced better sensitivity than radiologists' assessment (81.1% vs 43.2% in training set, 82.4vs 52.9% in validation set). In all 124 patients, the AUC of the radiomics model was 0.897, while that of radiologists' assessment was 0.674 (p < 0.001, DeLong test). CONCLUSION MRI-based radiomics model to predict PLONI in RB patients was shown to be superior to visual assessment with improved sensitivity and AUC, and may serve as a potential tool to guide personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 1 of Dongjiaominxiang, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Eye Tumors, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 1 of Dongjiaominxiang, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Eye Tumors, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Clinical Center for Eye Tumors, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbin Wei
- Clinical Center for Eye Tumors, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junfang Xian
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 1 of Dongjiaominxiang, Dongcheng District, Beijing, China
- Clinical Center for Eye Tumors, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Kothari A, Lam G. Case of a diagnostic challenge: Retinal astrocytic hamartoma or retinoblastoma? JOURNAL OF CLINICAL OPHTHALMOLOGY AND RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jcor.jcor_135_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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20
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Prajantawanich K, Sanpakit K, Narkbunnam N, Vathana N, Takpradit C, Phuakpet K, Pongtanakul B, Atchaneeyasakul LO, Sinlapamongkolkul P, Buaboonnam J. Clinical outcomes and prognosis of Thai retinoblastoma patients. Pediatr Int 2021; 63:671-677. [PMID: 33022851 DOI: 10.1111/ped.14498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoblastoma (RB) outcomes in Thailand are unfavorable compared to those of developed countries. This study aims to determine whether the clinical outcomes of patients with RB significantly improved after the implementation of new therapeutic approaches and which clinical factors affect survival and globe-saving outcomes. METHODS The medical records of patients newly diagnosed with RB and treated at Siriraj Hospital between January 2005 and December 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical data, treatments, and outcomes were collected and analyzed. RESULTS In 194 eyes (144 patients), leukocoria was the most common presenting feature (76.8%); 129 (66.5%) eyes were staged in group E of the International Classification of Intraocular Retinoblastoma. Of the 149 enucleated eyes, 35 had high-risk histopathological features, mostly choroidal invasion; 45 eyes (23.2%) could be salvaged. The 5-year overall survival rate was 90.3%, an improvement compared to the previous study. The 5-year enucleation-free survival rates of Groups A and B, C, D and E were 100%, 83.1%, 36.7% and 16.6% respectively. Factors associated with a lower survival rate were interval from symptom onset to diagnosis >3 months (hazard ratio (HR): 5.8: 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.637, 20.579) and buphthalmos (HR: 12.57: 95% CI: 3.936, 40.153). Factors associated with high-risk features were secondary glaucoma (HR: 11.016: 95% CI: 1.24, 98.10) and pseudohypopyon (HR: 14.110: 95% CI: 2.16, 92.05). CONCLUSIONS Survival rates and globe-saving rates appear to have improved; however, advanced-stage presentation remains the major hindrance. Further studies with a larger cohort and longer follow-up are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaewpanpat Prajantawanich
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kleebsabai Sanpakit
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattee Narkbunnam
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nassawee Vathana
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chayamon Takpradit
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kamon Phuakpet
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bunchoo Pongtanakul
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - La-Ongsri Atchaneeyasakul
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Jassada Buaboonnam
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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21
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Effect of Intravenous Chemotherapy Regimen on Globe Salvage Success Rates for Retinoblastoma Based on Disease Class-A Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092216. [PMID: 34066325 PMCID: PMC8125212 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Intravenous chemoreduction (IVCRD) has been the standard of care for treatment of retinoblastoma (RB). Since survival rates exceed 95–98%, the goals of treatment have now shifted to emphasize eye salvage and vision preservation in addition to patient survival. Consequently, there has been a shift towards combining standard IVCRD with intravitreal chemotherapy or altogether replacing IVCRD with intra-arterial chemotherapy. As more data from intravitreal chemotherapy and intra-arterial chemotherapy are being published, there are claims of improved globe salvage rates resulting in more widespread use of these newer treatment modalities. However, there are no published randomized controlled trials comparing these to IVCRD head-to-head. To evaluate the relative efficacy of these new therapies, it is critical to determine the true success rates of IVCRD regimens alone. Therefore, it is both timely and essential to determine the baseline IVCRD success rates so that an evidence-based assessment of new and emerging therapies can be determined. Abstract To evaluate the relative efficacy of novel retinoblastoma treatments, eye classification-specific success rates for current standard-of-care intravenous chemotherapy regimens must be known. This meta-analysis included studies if: (1) patients received intravenous chemotherapy for retinoblastoma, (2) globe salvage data was reported, (3) only intravenous chemoreduction (with/without local consolidation) was used. The outcome measure was globe salvage success without need for salvage radiotherapy, subdivided by disease classification and chemotherapy regimen. Data from 27 studies (1483 eyes) were pooled. By Reese–Ellsworth classification, globe salvage rates were 85% (95%CI:73–92%) for Group I, 78% (95%CI:70–85%) for Group II, 68% (95%CI:56–78%) for Group III, 47% (95%CI:34–60%) for Group IV, and 35% (95%CI:26–45%) for Group V (Va: 35% [95%CI:21–54%]; Vb: 42% [95%CI:29–56%]; those without sub-classification: 31% [95%CI:19–47%]). By International Classification, globe salvage rates were 93% (95%CI:80–97%) for Group A, 83% (95%CI:73–89%) for Group B, 73% (95%CI:54–86%) for Group C, 40% (95%CI:31–51%) for Group D, and 19% (95%CI:5–50%) for Group E. Standard carboplatin-etoposide-vincristine out-performed two-drug regimens (odds ratio (OR) = 1.9 (95%CI:1.3–3.0) for Groups I-IV and OR = 2.1 (95%CI:1.3–3.4) for Group V; p = 0.002 for each). For eyes with diffuse vitreous seeds (Vb), an enhanced regimen out-performed standard chemotherapy (OR = 2.4 [95%CI:1.3–4.7]; p = 0.004). In conclusion, two-drug regimens were less effective for all eyes, whereas enhanced regimens were more effective for eyes with vitreous seeds. Novel therapies can now be compared to these baseline globe salvage rates.
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22
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Reschke M, Biewald E, Bronstein L, Brecht IB, Dittner-Moormann S, Driever F, Ebinger M, Fleischhack G, Grabow D, Geismar D, Göricke S, Guberina M, Le Guin CHD, Kiefer T, Kratz CP, Metz K, Müller B, Ryl T, Schlamann M, Schlüter S, Schönberger S, Schulte JH, Sirin S, Süsskind D, Timmermann B, Ting S, Wackernagel W, Wieland R, Zenker M, Zeschnigk M, Reinhardt D, Eggert A, Ritter-Sovinz P, Lohmann DR, Bornfeld N, Bechrakis N, Ketteler P. Eye Tumors in Childhood as First Sign of Tumor Predisposition Syndromes: Insights from an Observational Study Conducted in Germany and Austria. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081876. [PMID: 33919815 PMCID: PMC8070790 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Eye tumors in children are very rare. In Europe, these eye tumors are nearly always diagnosed early and cure rates are high. However, eye tumors in childhood often occur as the first sign of a genetic tumor predisposition syndrome. This study collected data of children with malignant eye tumors diagnosed in five years in Germany and Austria to learn about the association of eye tumors in childhood with tumor predisposition syndrome. The study recruited 300 children with malignant eye tumors in childhood. In the here-presented cohort, more than 40% of eye tumors were associated with rare tumor predisposition syndromes. For this reason, all children with eye tumors and their families should receive genetic counseling for a tumor predisposition syndrome. Children with a genetic predisposition to cancer should receive a tailored surveillance, including detailed history, physical examination and, if indicated, imaging to screen for other cancers later in life. Abstract Retinoblastoma and other eye tumors in childhood are rare diseases. Many eye tumors are the first signs of a genetic tumor predisposition syndrome and the affected children carry a higher risk of developing other cancers later in life. Clinical and genetic data of all children with eye tumors diagnosed between 2013–2018 in Germany and Austria were collected in a multicenter prospective observational study. In five years, 300 children were recruited into the study: 287 with retinoblastoma, 7 uveal melanoma, 3 ciliary body medulloepithelioma, 2 retinal astrocytoma, 1 meningioma of the optic nerve extending into the eye. Heritable retinoblastoma was diagnosed in 44% of children with retinoblastoma. One child with meningioma of the optic nerve extending into the eye was diagnosed with neurofibromatosis 2. No pathogenic constitutional variant in DICER1 was detected in a child with medulloepithelioma while two children did not receive genetic analysis. Because of the known association with tumor predisposition syndromes, genetic counseling should be offered to all children with eye tumors. Children with a genetic predisposition to cancer should receive a tailored surveillance including detailed history, physical examinations and, if indicated, imaging to screen for other cancer. Early detection of cancers may reduce mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madlen Reschke
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (M.R.); (J.H.S.); (A.E.)
| | - Eva Biewald
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (E.B.); (C.H.D.L.G.); (T.K.); (S.S.); (N.B.); (N.B.)
| | - Leo Bronstein
- Institute of Biostatistics and Clinical Research, University of Muenster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Ines B. Brecht
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Children’s University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (I.B.B.); (M.E.)
| | - Sabine Dittner-Moormann
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (S.D.-M.); (G.F.); (T.R.); (S.S.); (R.W.); (D.R.)
| | - Frank Driever
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (F.D.); (K.M.); (S.T.)
| | - Martin Ebinger
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Children’s University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (I.B.B.); (M.E.)
| | - Gudrun Fleischhack
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (S.D.-M.); (G.F.); (T.R.); (S.S.); (R.W.); (D.R.)
| | - Desiree Grabow
- Division of Childhood Cancer Epidemiology, German Childhood Cancer Registry at Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Dirk Geismar
- Clinic for Particle Therapy, West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen (WPE), University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (D.G.); (B.T.)
| | - Sophia Göricke
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (S.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Maja Guberina
- Department for Radiotherapy, University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany;
| | - Claudia H. D. Le Guin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (E.B.); (C.H.D.L.G.); (T.K.); (S.S.); (N.B.); (N.B.)
| | - Tobias Kiefer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (E.B.); (C.H.D.L.G.); (T.K.); (S.S.); (N.B.); (N.B.)
| | - Christian P. Kratz
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Klaus Metz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (F.D.); (K.M.); (S.T.)
| | - Bert Müller
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Tatsiana Ryl
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (S.D.-M.); (G.F.); (T.R.); (S.S.); (R.W.); (D.R.)
| | - Marc Schlamann
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Köln, 50937 Köln, Germany;
| | - Sabrina Schlüter
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (E.B.); (C.H.D.L.G.); (T.K.); (S.S.); (N.B.); (N.B.)
| | - Stefan Schönberger
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (S.D.-M.); (G.F.); (T.R.); (S.S.); (R.W.); (D.R.)
| | - Johannes H. Schulte
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (M.R.); (J.H.S.); (A.E.)
| | - Selma Sirin
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (S.G.); (S.S.)
| | - Daniela Süsskind
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Beate Timmermann
- Clinic for Particle Therapy, West German Proton Therapy Centre Essen (WPE), University Hospital Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (D.G.); (B.T.)
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Standort Essen/Düsseldorf, 45122 Essen, Germany;
| | - Saskia Ting
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (F.D.); (K.M.); (S.T.)
| | - Werner Wackernagel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Regina Wieland
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (S.D.-M.); (G.F.); (T.R.); (S.S.); (R.W.); (D.R.)
| | - Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Michael Zeschnigk
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany;
| | - Dirk Reinhardt
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (S.D.-M.); (G.F.); (T.R.); (S.S.); (R.W.); (D.R.)
| | - Angelika Eggert
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, 13353 Berlin, Germany; (M.R.); (J.H.S.); (A.E.)
| | - Petra Ritter-Sovinz
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Dietmar R. Lohmann
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Standort Essen/Düsseldorf, 45122 Essen, Germany;
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany;
| | - Norbert Bornfeld
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (E.B.); (C.H.D.L.G.); (T.K.); (S.S.); (N.B.); (N.B.)
| | - Nikolaos Bechrakis
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (E.B.); (C.H.D.L.G.); (T.K.); (S.S.); (N.B.); (N.B.)
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Standort Essen/Düsseldorf, 45122 Essen, Germany;
| | - Petra Ketteler
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany; (S.D.-M.); (G.F.); (T.R.); (S.S.); (R.W.); (D.R.)
- German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Standort Essen/Düsseldorf, 45122 Essen, Germany;
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, University Duisburg-Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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The role for intra-arterial chemotherapy for refractory retinoblastoma: a systematic review. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 23:2066-2077. [PMID: 33826082 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02610-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intra-arterial chemotherapy is a new retinoblastoma treatment associated with high rates of globe salvage that has been widely adopted for primary treatment of retinoblastoma but is less frequently used as secondary treatment for refractory retinoblastoma. This systematic review aims to summarize the reported outcomes of intra-arterial chemotherapy for refractory retinoblastoma. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of studies published on PubMed, Medline, and Embase from 2011 to 2021 reporting globe salvage rates following intra-arterial chemotherapy for secondary treatment of refractory retinoblastoma. RESULTS Our search yielded 316 studies, and 24 met inclusion criteria. The 24 included studies were comprised of 1366 patients and 1757 eyes. Among these, 1184 (67%) eyes received secondary indication treatment, and globe salvage was achieved for 776 of these 1184 eyes (64%). Sixteen studies reported cannulation success rates from 71.8 to 100%. Pooled analysis of subjects revealed 21 patients (2.6%) with metastatic disease and 26 deaths (3%) during study follow-up periods (7-74 months). The most common ocular complications were vitreous hemorrhage (13.2%), loss of eyelashes (12.7%), and periocular edema (10.5%). The most common systemic complications were nausea/vomiting (20.5%), neutropenia (14.1%), fever (8.2%), and bronchospasm (6.2%). CONCLUSIONS Intra-arterial chemotherapy is associated with high rates of globe salvage and low rates of serious complications in patients with refractory retinoblastoma. Unfortunately, current literature is predominantly comprised of retrospective case studies, and further high-quality evidence is necessary to inform clinical practice.
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Monroe EJ, Chick JFB, Stacey AW, Millard NE, Geyer JR, Ramoso LR, Ghodke BV, Hallam DK. Radiation dose reduction during intra-arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma: a retrospective analysis of 96 consecutive pediatric interventions using five distinct protocols. Pediatr Radiol 2021; 51:649-657. [PMID: 33231717 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-020-04892-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) represents a mainstay of retinoblastoma treatment in children. Patients with retinoblastoma are uniquely at risk for secondary malignancies and are sensitive to the ionizing effects of radiation. OBJECTIVE To retrospectively review a single institution's experience with IAC for retinoblastoma and the effect of variable intra-procedural imaging techniques on radiation exposure. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four consecutive patients, with a mean age of 30.8±16.3 months (range: 3.2-83.4 months), undergoing IAC for retinoblastoma between May 2014 and May 2020 (72 months) were included. No patients were excluded. The primary outcome was radiation exposure and secondary outcomes included technical success and procedural adverse events. Technical success was defined as catheterization of the ophthalmic or meningolacrimal artery and complete delivery of chemotherapy. Each procedure was retrospectively reviewed and categorized as one of five imaging protocol types. Protocol types were characterized by uniplanar versus multiplanar imaging and digital subtraction angiographic versus roadmap angiographic techniques. Radiation exposure, protocol utilization, the association of protocol and radiation exposure were assessed. RESULTS During 96 consecutive interventions, 109 ocular treatments were performed. Thirteen of the 96 (15.5%) treatments were bilateral. Ocular technical success was 106 of 109 (97.2%). All three treatment failures were successfully repeated within a week. Mean fluoroscopy time was 6.4±6.2 min (range: 0.7-31.1 min). Mean air kerma was 36.2±52.2 mGy (range: 1.4-215.0 mGy). There were two major (1.8%) complications and four (3.7%) minor complications. Of the 96 procedures, 10 (10.4%), 9 (9.4%), 13 (13.5%), 28 (29.2%) and 36 (37.5%) were performed using protocol types A, B, C, D and E, respectively. For protocol type A, mean fluoroscopy time was 10.3±6.8 min (range: 3.0-25.4 min) and mean air kerma was 118.2±61.2 mGy (range: 24.5-167.3 mGy). For protocol type E, mean fluoroscopy time was 3.1±3.2 min (range: 0.7-15.1 min) and mean air kerma was 5.4±4.2 mGy (range: 1.4-19.5 mGy). Fluoroscopy time and air kerma decreased over time, corresponding to the reduced use of multiplanar imaging and digital subtraction angiography. In the first quartile (procedures 1-24), 8 (33.3%), 7 (29.2%), 2 (8.3%), 6 (25.0%) and 1 (4.2%) were performed using protocol types A, B, C, D and E, respectively. Mean fluoroscopy time was 10.5±8.2 min (range: 2.4-28.1 min) and mean air kerma was 84.2±71.6 mGy (range: 12.8-215.0 mGy). In the final quartile (procedures 73-96), 24 (100%) procedures were performed using protocol type E. Mean fluoroscopy time was 3.5±4.0 min (range: 0.7-15.1 min) and mean air kerma was 5.0±4.3 mGy (range: 1.4-18.0 mGy), representing 66.7% and 94.1% reductions from the first quartile, respectively. Technical success in the second half of the experience was 100%. CONCLUSION Sequence elimination, consolidation from biplane imaging to lateral-only imaging, and replacing digital subtraction with roadmap angiography dramatically reduced radiation exposure during IAC for retinoblastoma without adversely affecting technical success or safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J Monroe
- Section of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, M/S R-5417, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA. .,Section of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Jeffrey Forris Beecham Chick
- Section of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, M/S R-5417, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA.,Section of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew W Stacey
- Section of Ocular Oncology, Department of Ophthalmology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nathan E Millard
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Section of Neuro-Oncology and Retinoblastoma, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J Russell Geyer
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Section of Neuro-Oncology and Retinoblastoma, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - L Ray Ramoso
- Section of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, M/S R-5417, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Basavaraj V Ghodke
- Section of Neurointerventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Danial K Hallam
- Section of Neurointerventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Vempuluru VS, Kaliki S. Screening for Retinoblastoma: A Systematic Review of Current Strategies. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2021; 10:192-199. [PMID: 33793441 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to review the literature on various screening programs, devices, and applications described for the early detection of retinoblastoma. DESIGN Systematic review article. METHODS A PubMed® search was performed to identify articles published with specific reference to screening of neonates, infants and children for retinoblastoma. RESULTS Various devices and mobile phone-based applications based on altered red reflex are finding their way into community screening. Diagnosis of retinoblastoma by newborn eye screening is emphasized in several countries, and red reflex is the most widely employed technique. CONCLUSIONS Several screening programs for early detection of retinoblastoma are evolving in the developing countries, but the practices are not uniform. Universal newborn screening should be the norm. Newer tools and software can be utilized to screen infants on a community scale. Focussed research on revolutionizing digital imaging for a versatile screening tool holds promise for early diagnosis of retinoblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijitha S Vempuluru
- Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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Abstract
Retinoblastoma is the most common ocular malignancy of childhood. With an estimated 300 cases annually in the United States, retinoblastoma is nevertheless considered a rare tumor. Although retinoblastoma primarily affects younger children, diagnosis during the neonatal age range is less common. However, an understanding of patients at risk is critical for appropriate screening. Early detection and treatment by a multidisciplinary specialty team maximizes the chance for survival and ocular/vision salvage while minimizing treatment-related toxicity. Testing for alterations in the RB1 gene has become standard practice, and informs screening and genetic counseling recommendations for patients and their families.
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Rojanaporn D, Attaseth T, Dieosuthichat W, Leelawongs K, Pakakasama S, Anurathapan U, Chanthanaphak E, Singhara Na Ayudhaya S, Aroonroch R, Hongeng S. Clinical Presentations and Outcomes of Retinoblastoma Patients in relation to the Advent of New Multimodal Treatments: A 12-Year Report from Single Tertiary Referral Institute in Thailand. J Ophthalmol 2020; 2020:4231841. [PMID: 33005446 PMCID: PMC7508219 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4231841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the clinical presentations and outcomes of retinoblastoma in relation to the advent of new multimodal treatments in Thailand. Patients and Methods. Retrospective case series. We evaluated the clinical presentation, staging, details of treatment, and treatment outcomes of retinoblastoma patients who were treated at Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2018. The log-rank test was used to explore clinical characteristics and treatment modalities that affected globe salvage and survival curves. RESULTS This study included 124 eyes of 81 patients with retinoblastoma. Forty-three patients (53.1%) had bilateral retinoblastoma. The median age at diagnosis was 8 months (range, 1-48 months). Of 124 eyes, 9 eyes (7.3%) had extraocular retinoblastoma and 115 eyes (92.7%) had intraocular retinoblastoma, which were classified by the International Classification of Retinoblastoma (ICRB) as group A, 4 eyes (3.5%); group B, 19 eyes (16.5%); group C, 6 eyes (5.2%); group D, 31 eyes (27%); and group E, 56 eyes (47.8%). Treatment included systemic chemotherapy, intra-arterial chemotherapy, ruthenium-106 plaque brachytherapy, external beam radiation therapy, cryotherapy, transpupillary thermotherapy, subtenon chemotherapy, and intravitreal chemotherapy. At the median follow-up period of 38.4 months (range, 0.2-148.2 months), the overall globe salvage rate of intraocular retinoblastoma was 51.7%. For unilateral retinoblastoma, globe salvage rate was 37.5% (group B, 100%; group C, 100%; group D, 50%; and group E, 18.8%). For bilateral intraocular retinoblastoma, the globe salvage rate was 57.8% (group A, 100 %; group B, 94.4%; group C, 100%; group D, 64.7%; and group E, 28.2%). The overall survival rate was 93.8%. CONCLUSIONS Recent advanced treatment modalities have improved the probability of globe salvage. However, enucleation remains an important life-saving intervention in many advanced cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duangnate Rojanaporn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Taweevat Attaseth
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Wimwipa Dieosuthichat
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Kitikul Leelawongs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Samart Pakakasama
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Usanarat Anurathapan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Ekachat Chanthanaphak
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Rangsima Aroonroch
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Suradej Hongeng
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Kaliki S, Palkonda VAR. Second primary tumors in retinoblastoma survivors: a study of 7 Asian Indian patients. Int Ophthalmol 2020; 40:3303-3308. [PMID: 32737729 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-020-01517-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the incidence, types, and outcomes of second primary tumors (SPT) in cases of retinoblastoma (RB) from a referral Tertiary eye care center METHODS: Retrospective chart review of 7 cases RESULTS: All 7 (100%) cases had bilateral RB at presentation. The mean age at diagnosis of RB was 16 months (median 7 months; range 5-72 months). Treatment of RB with intravenous chemotherapy was noted in 3 (43%) patients, 1 (14%) patient had received external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) to the orbit, 1 (14%) patient had received a combination of chemotherapy and orbital EBRT, while 4 (57%) patients had undergone primary enucleation of the worse eye and focal treatment of the better eye. The mean age at detection of SPT was 15 years (median 8 years; range 6-46 years). The mean time interval between diagnosis of RB and SPT was 13 years (median 7 years; range 1-41 years). The SPT's included osteosarcoma of long bone (n = 2), eyelid sebaceous gland carcinoma (n = 2), ventricular ependymoma (n = 1), orbital neuroblastoma (n = 1), and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n = 1). All patients received treatment for the SPT with either surgical excision (n = 2), intravenous chemotherapy (n = 1), or a combination of surgery/chemotherapy/radiotherapy (n = 4). Over a mean follow-up period of 8 years (median 8 years; range 4-11 years), one (14%) patient died, while other 6 (86%) patients are alive and well. CONCLUSION Though the incidence of SPT's in cases of RB is rare, life-long follow-up is mandatory in at-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Kaliki
- Operation Eyesight, Universal Institute for Eye Cancer (SK, VARP), L V Prasad Eye Institute, 500034, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Vijay Anand Reddy Palkonda
- Operation Eyesight, Universal Institute for Eye Cancer (SK, VARP), L V Prasad Eye Institute, 500034, Hyderabad, India
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Biewald E, Schlüter S, Bechrakis NE, Kiefer T, Rating P, Geismar D, Metz KA, Göricke S, Ketteler P, Bornfeld N. Long-Term Clinical Results and Management following Vitrectomy in Undetected Retinoblastoma Eyes. Ocul Oncol Pathol 2020; 6:244-250. [PMID: 33005613 PMCID: PMC7506289 DOI: 10.1159/000505732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Given the rarity of retinoblastoma and the consequences of accidental vitrectomy in the event of misdiagnosis, reporting on clinical experience in this area is important. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyse the management and complications with a focus on local orbital recurrence and metastatic disease in 10 children vitrectomized in an undetected retinoblastoma eye. METHODS This is a retrospective descriptive case series conducted in a single-centre referral university hospital. RESULTS From October 1991 to June 2019, 10 patients with a vitrectomy in an unsuspected retinoblastoma eye were included in this study. The main preoperative diagnoses were unilateral inflammation with a suspected lymphoma, uveitis or toxocariasis in 5 cases, vitreous haemorrhage after trauma in 2 cases, and the last 3 were misdiagnosed with Coats disease, rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and congenital cataract. Mean age at surgery was 3 years, ranging from 14 months to 6 and a half years. Nine patients were suffering from unilateral retinoblastoma; these were enucleated and treated with 4-6 cycles of chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. The sclerotomy sites were infiltrated with tumour cells in 3 cases. In 1 patient, the differential diagnosis of a malignant medulloepithelioma could not be excluded. One patient had bone marrow infiltration on initial presentation; all other patients are healthy without any signs of orbital recurrence or metastatic disease with a mean follow-up of 5.4 years. CONCLUSION In children, intraocular tumours, including retinoblastoma and medulloepithelioma, should be ruled out before pars plana vitrectomy is performed. If no doubtless preoperative diagnosis can be established, preoperative magnetic resonance imaging is mandatory. If a vitrectomy in a retinoblastoma eye has been performed, immediate enucleation of the eye with subsequent chemotherapy and orbital radiation is effective to avoid local recurrence and systemic metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Biewald
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Schlüter
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nikolaos E. Bechrakis
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tobias Kiefer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp Rating
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Dirk Geismar
- West German Proton Therapy Centre, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Klaus A. Metz
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sophia Göricke
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Petra Ketteler
- Department of Haematology/Oncology, University Children's Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Norbert Bornfeld
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Waddell K, Matua M, Bidwell C, Atwine R, Onyango J, Picton SV, Simmons I, Stahlschmidt J, Johnston WT, Newton R. A ten-year study of Retinoblastoma in Uganda: An approach to improving outcome with limited resources. Cancer Epidemiol 2020; 71:101777. [PMID: 32660850 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2020.101777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survival of children with cancer in resource-limited regions is very poor compared to better-resourced regions. Retinoblastoma (RB) is a childhood cancer that is commonly reported in many regions of Africa. RB may be safely and effectively treated by non-specialists, which could facilitate more widespread availability of treatment in under-resourced areas. METHODS A ten-year consecutive series of children with RB treated at Ruharo Eye Centre between December 2009 and November 2019 was prospectively followed up. Chemoreduction followed by surgery is the standard approach to therapy. Costs of therapy and also of travel and food are borne by the program which is unaffordable to most families and necessitates donors. Survival by stage of RB and number of eyes affected was described using Kaplan-Meier plots. Visual acuity was assessed for all children with bilateral disease and the retention of sight during follow-up assessed. RESULTS Among 665 children with RB, 18.2 % (121 children) presented with metastatic (Stage 4) RB with only two of these children surviving >24 months. Five-year survival was 60.2 % among all children with RB rising to 93.3 % and 87.2 % for children with unilateral and bilateral Stage 1 disease, respectively. Among 184 children with bilateral disease, 130 (70.7 %) retained some level of sight following primary treatment with 91 of those (49.5 % of all bilateral children) retaining vision up to their death or to the end of follow-up. CONCLUSION Many children in Uganda present with advanced RB and curative treatment is not possible in this setting. Children diagnosed and treated early have good prospects of survival. Retention of sight among many bilaterally affected children is achievable, facilitating access to normal education. Therefore, the strategic priorities for improving survival are changing community perceptions so that children with eye problems are brought without delay, and widening access to modern treatment by using genereal health workers with standard drugs, backed by financial, social and peer support.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Waddell
- Ruharo Eye Centre, Mbarara, Uganda; Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - M Matua
- Ruharo Eye Centre, Mbarara, Uganda
| | | | - R Atwine
- Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - J Onyango
- Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - S V Picton
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - I Simmons
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - J Stahlschmidt
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom; Jack Birch Unit for Molecular Carcinogenesis, Department of Biology, University of York, United Kingdom
| | - W T Johnston
- Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom.
| | - R Newton
- Epidemiology and Cancer Statistics Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom
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31
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Mao Y, Nie Q, Yang Y, Mao G. Identification of co‑expression modules and hub genes of retinoblastoma via co‑expression analysis and protein‑protein interaction networks. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:1155-1168. [PMID: 32468072 PMCID: PMC7339782 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is a common intraocular malignant tumor in children. However, the molecular and genetic mechanisms of retinoblastoma remain unclear. The gene expression dataset GSE110811 was retrieved from Gene Expression Omnibus. After preprocessing, coexpression modules were constructed by weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), and modules associated with clinical traits were identified. In addition, functional enrichment analysis was performed for genes in the indicated modules, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and subnetworks were constructed based on these genes. Eight coexpression modules were constructed through WGCNA. Of these, the yellow module had the highest association with severity and age (r=0.82 and P=3e-07; r=0.72 and P=3e-05). The turquoise module had the highest association with months (r=−0.63 and P=5e-04). The genes in the two modules participate in multiple pathways of retinoblastoma, and by combining the PPI network and subnetworks; 10 hub genes were identified in the two modules. The present study identified coexpression modules and hub genes associated with clinical traits of retinoblastoma, providing novel insight into retinoblastoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Mao
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, P.R. China
| | - Qingbin Nie
- Department of Neurovascular Surgery, The Third Medical Centre, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Neurovascular Surgery, The Third Medical Centre, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
| | - Gengsheng Mao
- Department of Neurovascular Surgery, The Third Medical Centre, Chinese PLA (People's Liberation Army) General Hospital, Beijing 100039, P.R. China
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Huang J, Zhang L, Li Z, Lu X. Screening and identification of key biomarkers for retinoblastoma: Evidence from bioinformatics analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19952. [PMID: 32443297 PMCID: PMC7254187 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoblastoma (RB) is one of the most common malignant tumors in pediatrics; to clarify the cause of RB, a lot of manpower and material resources have been invested but have not been well explained. METHODS To identify the candidate genes in the occurrence and development of the disease, we downloaded the microarray datasets GSE97508, GSE92987, and GSE24673 from the gene expression database (GEO). The differentially expressed gene (DEG) was identified and functional enrichment analysis was performed. The protein-protein interaction network was constructed and analyzed by String and Cytoscape. RESULTS A total of 74 DEGs were identified, including 40 up-regulated genes and 34 down-regulated genes. The rich functions and pathways of DEG include regulating mitosis, cell cycle, DNA transcription process, promoting protein phosphorylation, regulating energy metabolism in vivo, promoting the binding of some macromolecular complexes, and regulating the cell cycle. Twenty-four HUB genes were identified. Biological process analysis showed that these genes were mainly enriched in regulating energy metabolism in vivo, promoting the binding of some small molecules and regulating the cell cycle. Survival analysis showed that DGPDC1, NDC80, SHCBP, TOP2A, and DLGAP5 may be involved in the occurrence, invasion, or recurrence of RB. CONCLUSION In conclusion, screening DEGs and HUB genes in RB can help us to better understand the mechanism of the occurrence and development of RB at the molecular level, and provide candidate targets for the diagnosis and treatment of RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | | | - Zimeng Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Xuejing Lu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
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Yao J, Xu M, Liu Z. Rapamycin inhibits proliferation and apoptosis of retinoblastoma cells through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:2950-2956. [PMID: 32218850 PMCID: PMC7068238 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of Rapamycin on the proliferation and apoptosis of retinoblastoma cells through the phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxy kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway were studied. The retinoblastoma Y79 cells were selected and divided into negative control group (NC group), 0.2 µM Rapamycin group and 0.4 µM Rapamycin group. Then the proliferative activity of Y79 cells was detected using Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay, the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in cells in each group was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the apoptosis of Y79 cells was detected via terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Moreover, the changes in Y79 cell cycle and apoptosis were determined through flow cytometry, and apoptosis and PI3K/AKT pathway were detected using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting. It was found that the number of cells and the proliferative activity were significantly reduced in 0.2 µM Rapamycin group and 0.4 µM Rapamycin group. In 0.2 µM Rapamycin group and 0.4 µM Rapamycin group, the content of ROS and MDA was significantly decreased, while that of SOD was notably increased. TUNEL assay and flow cytometry showed that in 0.2 µM Rapamycin group and 0.4 µM Rapamycin group, the number of apoptotic cells was obviously increased, and the cell cycle was basically arrested in S phase. The expression levels of Bcl-2, PI3K and AKT declined in 0.2 µM Rapamycin group and 0.4 µM Rapamycin group, whereas the expression of Caspase 8 increased. Similar results were also obtained in the protein assay. The above results were significantly superior in 0.4 µM Rapamycin group to those in 0.2 µM Rapamycin group. Rapamycin inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis of retinoblastoma cells through inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Ziyao Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xian, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
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Nummi K, Kivelä TT. Retinoblastoma in Finland, 1964–2014: incidence and survival. Br J Ophthalmol 2020; 105:63-69. [DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-315744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AimsTo determine the incidence of retinoblastoma (Rb) and subsequent survival in the Finnish population during five decades.MethodsThis retrospective observational cohort study comprised all patients with Rb born in Finland during 1964–2014 and diagnosed in 2018 (birth cohort analysis) or diagnosed in 1964–2014 (standard annual analysis), identified from the Finnish Cancer Registry and the national referral centre. We report age-adjusted incidences and survival according to cause of death.ResultsOf children born in 1964–2014, 205 developed Rb, whereas 204 Rbs were diagnosed during these years; 196 belonged to both cohorts. Altogether 80 (38%) of the 213 children had heritable Rb and 19 (9%) had familial disease. The sex ratio was 1.34, suggesting male preponderance. Birth cohort analysis showed a median incidence of 6.2 per 100 000 live births (1:16 130) and less variability as compared with standard annual analysis (12.1, 6.5 and 4.4 per million children 0–4, 0–9 and 0–14 years of age, respectively). The incidence of heritable Rb increased with time, reflecting the increase in familial tumours. Five-year mortality rates from Rb were 6.2% and 7.6% for non-heritable and heritable diseases, respectively, and 35-year mortality rates from second malignancies were 0% and 14.3%, respectively. Family history predicted improved survival, whereas the period of diagnosis did not.ConclusionThe incidence of familial Rb has increased, along with improvement in survival in Finland in 1964–2014, whereas the overall incidence of Rb was stable. Long-term risk of dying of second malignancies after heritable Rb was in line with other countries.
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Chen Q, Zhang B, Dong Y, Mo X, Zhang L, Xia J, Zhang J, Zhang S. Evaluating primary intra-arterial chemotherapy versus intravenous plus intra-arterial chemotherapy for advanced intraocular retinoblastoma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2020; 85:723-730. [PMID: 32123960 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-020-04036-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) is commonly used for treating intraocular retinoblastoma, it is not a systemic therapy. We aimed to investigate whether the addition of intravenous chemotherapy (IVC) before IAC administration had any effects (whether beneficial or adverse) on patient outcomes. METHODS This multicenter retrospective cohort study included 213 patients with advanced intraocular retinoblastoma who received IVC plus IAC (n = 103) or IAC alone (n = 110) between April 2009 and January 2017. Eyes were grouped according to the International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed to compare survival outcomes between the two groups. Moreover, details regarding enucleation were recorded. RESULTS The 3-year ocular survival rates were 62% in the IVC plus IAC group and 68% in the IAC group (hazard ratio (HR) 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.55-1.43, P = 0.61). Moreover, the corresponding 3-year overall survival rates were 97% and 93%, respectively (HR 1.56, 95% CI 0.41-5.90, P = 0.51), while the 3-year event-free survival rates were 76% and 72%, respectively (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.56-1.65, P = 0.89). CONCLUSIONS Within a 3-year follow-up period, IVC plus IAC produced no additional benefit over primary IAC for treating advanced intraocular retinoblastoma in terms of local tumor control and extending survival. Longer follow-up periods are required to assess long-term efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuying Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, No. 613, Huangpu West Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510627, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Graduate College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, No. 613, Huangpu West Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510627, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Graduate College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhao Dong
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong General Hospital/Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaokai Mo
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, No. 613, Huangpu West Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510627, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, No. 613, Huangpu West Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510627, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Graduate College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiejun Xia
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Anomalies, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, No. 9, Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510627, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Vascular Anomalies, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, No. 9, Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510627, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuixing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, No. 613, Huangpu West Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510627, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
- Graduate College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Wang M, Yang Q, Li M, Zou H, Wang Z, Ran H, Zheng Y, Jian J, Zhou Y, Luo Y, Ran Y, Jiang S, Zhou X. Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Multimodal Imaging-Guided Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound/Immunosynergistic Retinoblastoma Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:5642-5657. [PMID: 31940169 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b22072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (RB) is prone to delayed diagnosis or treatment and has an increased likelihood of metastasizing. Thus, it is crucial to perform an effective imaging examination and provide optimal treatment of RB to prevent metastasis. Nanoparticles that support diagnostic imaging and targeted therapy are expected to noninvasively integrate tumor diagnosis and treatment. Herein, we report a multifunctional nanoparticle for multimodal imaging-guided low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU)/immunosynergistic RB therapy. Magnetic hollow mesoporous gold nanocages (AuNCs) conjugated with Fe3O4 nanoparticles (AuNCs-Fe3O4) were prepared to encapsulate muramyl dipeptide (MDP) and perfluoropentane (PFP). The multimodal imaging capabilities, antitumor effects, and dendritic cell (DC) activation capacity of these nanoparticles combined with LIFU were explored in vitro and in vivo. The biosafety of AuNCs-Fe3O4/MDP/PFP was also evaluated systematically. The multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles enhanced photoacoustic (PA), ultrasound (US), and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in vivo and in vitro, which was helpful for diagnosis and efficacy evaluation. Upon accumulation in tumors via a magnetic field, the nanoparticles underwent phase transition under LIFU irradiation and MDP was released. A combined effect of AuNCs-Fe3O4/MDP/PFP and LIFU was recorded and verified. AuNCs-Fe3O4/MDP/PFP enhanced the therapeutic effect of LIFU and led to direct apoptosis/necrosis of tumors, while MDP promoted DC maturation and activation and activated the ability of DCs to recognize and clear tumor cells. By enhancing PA/US/MR imaging and inhibiting tumor growth, the multifunctional AuNC-Fe3O4/MDP/PFP nanoparticles show great potential for multimodal imaging-guided LIFU/immunosynergistic therapy of RB. The proposed nanoplatform facilitates cancer theranostics with high biosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglei Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing 400010 , P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing 400010 , P. R. China
| | - Qiming Yang
- Department of Orthopedic , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing 400010 , P. R. China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing 400010 , P. R. China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Ophthalmology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing 400010 , P. R. China
| | - Hongmi Zou
- Department of Ophthalmology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing 400010 , P. R. China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing 400010 , P. R. China
| | - Haitao Ran
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing 400010 , P. R. China
| | - Yuanyi Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine , Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital , Shanghai 200233 , P. R. China
| | - Jia Jian
- Department of Ophthalmology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing 400010 , P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing 400010 , P. R. China
| | - Yindeng Luo
- Department of Radiology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing 400010 , P. R. China
| | - Yijun Ran
- Department of Ophthalmology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing 400010 , P. R. China
| | - Shaoqiu Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing 400010 , P. R. China
| | - Xiyuan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing 400010 , P. R. China
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Zia N, Hamid A, Iftikhar S, Qadri MH, Jangda A, Khan MR. Retinoblastoma Presentation and Survival: A four-year analysis from a tertiary care hospital. Pak J Med Sci 2020; 36:S61-S66. [PMID: 31933609 PMCID: PMC6943119 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.36.icon-suppl.1720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome of Retinoblastoma (Rb) in a tertiary care hospital of Pakistan. Methods A retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, The Indus Hospital (TIH), Karachi from 1st June 2013 to 30th June 2017. Data including patients' demography, clinical symptoms and duration, laterality, extent of the tumor, type of treatment, relapse, and final outcome were extracted and evaluated with respect to progression and survival. Results A total of 93 patients were included; 34.4% were boys. The median age at presentation was 30 months. Leukocoria was the commonest symptom (61.3%), followed by proptosis (37.6%). Unilateral disease was seen in 59.1%, extraocular tumors in 43.5% and metastasis in 28.1%. Enucleation was performed on 46.2%, chemotherapy given to 80.6% and external beam radiation therapy to 29.3% patients. Conclusion Delayed presentation, recurrent disease, extraocular disease and metastasis on presentation were factors affecting outcome in our cohort. Awareness about the early warning signs and symptoms in both public and health professionals for early recognition and timely management are mandatory to decrease morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Zia
- Nida Zia, MCPS. Department of Peads Oncology, The Indus Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ahmer Hamid
- Ahmer Hamid, FCPS. Department of Peads Oncology, The Indus Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sundus Iftikhar
- Sundus Iftikhar, MPhil (Statistics), Indus Hospital Research Center, The Indus Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Anzal Jangda
- Anzal Jangda, MBBS. Ziaudddin University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rahil Khan
- Muhammad Rahil Khan, FCPS (Pediatric Hematology Oncology), Department of Peads Oncology, The Indus Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
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Wang Q, Zhu Y, Zuo G, Chen X, Cheng J, Zhang S. LINC00858 promotes retinoblastoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion by inhibiting miR-3182. Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:999-1005. [PMID: 32010262 PMCID: PMC6966175 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the role of long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 858 (LINC00858) in retinoblastoma (RB) and investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms. RB tissues and paracancerous tissues of 27 RB cases were obtained. RB cell lines (SO-RB50, Y79, HXO-RB44 and WERI-Rb1) and a normal retinal epithelial cell line (ARPE-19) were cultured for in vitro experiments. Batches of SO-RB50 and Y79 cells were assigned to groups transfected with small interfering RNA targeting LINC00858 (si-LINC00858 group), microRNA (miR)-3182 mimics or inhibitor, or the respective controls. A Cell Counting Kit-8 and Transwell assays were performed to assess the effect of the transfections on the proliferation, migration and invasion of SO-RB50 and Y79 cells. A luciferase reporter assay was performed using SO-RB50 cells to demonstrate the direct binding of LINC00858 and miR-3182. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was employed to detect LINC00858 and miR-3182 expression. Pearson correlation analysis was used to assess the correlation between the expression of LINC00858 and miR-3182. The results indicated that RB tissues and cells exhibited aberrantly elevated LINC00858 expression (P<0.05). Compared with those in the control-transfected group, SO-RB50 and Y79 cells of the si-LINC00858 group had a lower cell proliferation, as well as a lower number of migrated and invaded cells (all P<0.05). miR-3182 was proven to be a target gene of LINC00858, to be abnormally downregulated in RB tissues and cells (P<0.05) and to be negatively correlated with LINC00858 expression. Compared with those in the si-LINC00858 + inhibitor-negative control group, SO-RB50 and Y79 cells of the si-LINC00858 + miR-3182 inhibitor group exhibited a significantly higher relative proliferation, migration and invasion (all P<0.05). In conclusion, LINC00858 promoted RB cell proliferation, migration and invasion, at least partially by inhibiting miR-3182.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Yanni Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Guojin Zuo
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Jinkui Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
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Li Z, Guo J, Xu X, Wang Y, Mukherji SK, Xian J. Diagnosis of Postlaminar Optic Nerve Invasion in Retinoblastoma With MRI Features. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 51:1045-1052. [PMID: 31617290 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoblastomas (RBs) with postlaminar optic nerve invasion (PLONI) increases the risk of local recurrence or systemic metastasis. Most MRI studies on PLONI focused on optic nerve enhancement and tumor size, with reported relatively high specificity (84-98%) but low sensitivity (37-78%), which shows room for improvement, especially with regard to sensitivity. PURPOSE To evaluate the diagnostic performance for detecting PLONI with RB using MRI features. STUDY TYPE Retrospective. POPULATION Fifty patients with histopathologic PLONI and 70 patients without PLONI of RB. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 1.5T and 3.0T, precontrast axial T1 -weighted and T2 -weighted, postcontrast axial, coronal and oblique-sagittal T1 -weighted. ASSESSMENT The eyes were histopathologically analyzed and the preoperative MRI features of the eyes were independently evaluated by three observers. STATISTICAL TESTS MRI features suggesting the presence of PLONI were identified by univariate and multivariable analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to analyze diagnostic performance. RESULTS Significant independent diagnostic factors for PLONI include: 1: Bilateral tumor (odds ratio [OR], 15.32; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.63-143.51); 2: Tumor with total coverage of the optic disk (OR, 6.43; 95% CI: 1.04-39.79); and 3: Optic nerve enhancement (OR, 8.43; 95% CI: 3.50-20.31). On the other hand, isointense signal of tumor on T2 WI (OR, 0.30; 95% CI: 0.12-0.75) was an independent diagnostic factor in excluding PLONI. ROC analysis showed AUC of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.77-0.91, P < 0.0001) for PLONI. Based on the cutoff of maximum Youden index, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 82%, 73%, and 77%, respectively. DATA CONCLUSION MRI features of RB showed a strong association with PLONI. The model of MRI features demonstrated promising diagnostic performance in detecting PLONI. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 4 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1045-1052.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Li
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Clinical Center for Eye Tumors, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Clinical Center for Eye Tumors, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Xu
- Clinical Center for Eye Tumors, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhe Wang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Clinical Center for Eye Tumors, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Suresh Kumar Mukherji
- Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, Michigan State University Health Team, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Junfang Xian
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Clinical Center for Eye Tumors, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Cheng Y, Liu W. MicroRNA-503 serves an oncogenic role in retinoblastoma progression by directly targeting PTPN12. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2285-2292. [PMID: 31410179 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are abnormally expressed in retinoblastoma (RB). miRNAs may serve a role in oncogene or tumor-suppressor activity in RB genesis and development by modulating various biological processes. miRNAs therefore, may be effective therapeutic targets for miRNA-based therapy in patients with RB. Recently it has been revealed that miR-503 may serve a role in various types of human cancer. However, the expression and functional roles of miR-503 are rarely reported in RB. In the current study, the expression of miR-503 was significantly upregulated in RB tissues and cell lines. In addition, Cell Counting Kit-8 and in vitro invasion assays were performed to assess cell proliferation and invasion, respectively. The results of the present study revealed that miR-503 inhibition impeded RB in vitro cell proliferation and invasion. Furthermore, protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 12 (PTPN12) was demonstrated to be a direct target gene of miR-503 in RB cells. PTPN12 overexpression also led to the downregulation of miR-503 in RB cell proliferation and invasion. PTPN12 knockdown could therefore abrogate the effects of miR-503 downregulation in RB cells. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that miR-503 may serve a role in RB oncogenic activity progression by directly targeting PTPN12. Therefore, miR-503 may be a target for effective therapy in patients with RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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Qureshi AM, Davies LK, Patel PA, Rennie A, Robertson F. Determinants of Radiation Dose in Selective Ophthalmic Artery Chemosurgery for Retinoblastoma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:713-717. [PMID: 30872423 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Retinoblastoma is the most common pediatric ocular neoplasm. Multimodality treatment approaches are commonplace, and selective ophthalmic artery chemosurgery has emerged as a safe and effective treatment in selected patients. Minimizing radiation dose in this highly radiosensitive patient cohort is critical. We explore which procedural factors affect the radiation dose in a single-center cohort of children managed in the UK National Retinoblastoma Service. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review was performed of 177 selective ophthalmic artery chemosurgery procedures in 48 patients with retinoblastoma (2013-2017). Medical records, angiographic imaging, and radiation dosimetry data (including total fluoroscopic screening time, skin dose, and dose-area product) were reviewed. RESULTS The mean fluoroscopic time was 13.5 ± 13 minutes, the mean dose-area product was 11.7 ± 9.7 Gy.cm2, and the mean total skin dose was 260.9 ± 211.6 mGy. One hundred sixty-three of 177 procedures (92.1%) were technically successful. In 14 (7.9%), the initial attempt was unsuccessful (successful in 13/14 re-attempts). Screening time and radiation dose were associated with drug-delivery microcatheter location and patient age; screening time was associated with treatment cycle. CONCLUSIONS In selective ophthalmic artery chemosurgery, a microcatheter tip position in the proximal or ostial ophthalmic artery and patient age 2 years or younger were associated with reduced fluoroscopic screening time and radiation dose; treatment beyond the first cycle was associated with reduced fluoroscopic screening time.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Qureshi
- From the Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - L K Davies
- From the Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - P A Patel
- From the Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Rennie
- From the Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - F Robertson
- From the Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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Chaussade A, Millot G, Wells C, Brisse H, Laé M, Savignoni A, Desjardins L, Dendale R, Doz F, Aerts I, Jimenez I, Cassoux N, Stoppa Lyonnet D, Gauthier Villars M, Houdayer C. Correlation between RB1germline mutations and second primary malignancies in hereditary retinoblastoma patients treated with external beam radiotherapy. Eur J Med Genet 2019; 62:217-223. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Feasibility of intra-arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma: experiences in a large single center cohort study. Neuroradiology 2019; 61:351-357. [DOI: 10.1007/s00234-019-02153-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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46
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Khedekar A, Devarajan B, Ramasamy K, Muthukkaruppan V, Kim U. Smartphone-based application improves the detection of retinoblastoma. Eye (Lond) 2019; 33:896-901. [PMID: 30635644 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-018-0333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To improve and validate the smartphone-based leukocoria detection application so that non-ophthalmologists could make use of the smartphone for early detection of Retinoblastoma (RB) in young children without anesthesia and pharmacological dilatation of the pupil. METHODS Two apps, MDEyeCare and CRADLE, developed for red reflex based leukocoria detection were used in iPhone 6s. MDEyeCare methodology was modified with respect to ambient lighting, the distance between camera and eye and different gazes for better performance. We analyzed totally 34 eyes of 23 RB patients and four normal children. Each of the RB patients was confirmed with clinical examination and radiological investigations. RESULTS Modification in the methodology of MDEyeCare app could detect the leukocoria in early stages of RB (50% of Group B, 83% of Group C). In late stages (Group D and E), 100% of tumors were detected. The CRADLE app failed to provide adequate leukocoria detection except four late stage RB eyes. Among the 14 normal eyes (6 from unilateral RB and eight from normal children), pseudo-leukocoria was observed in three eyes only at lateral gaze even with MDEyeCare app. CONCLUSION Improved methodology in smartphone-based app enhanced the detection of RB and this may translate into better outcome after treatment with respect to vision salvage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Khedekar
- Department of Orbit, Oculoplasty and Oncology, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, India.,Khedekar's Eye Clinic, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Kim Ramasamy
- Department of Retina, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, India
| | | | - Usha Kim
- Department of Orbit, Oculoplasty and Oncology, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, India
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Sun Z, Zhang A, Zhang L. Inhibition of microRNA‑492 attenuates cell proliferation and invasion in retinoblastoma via directly targeting LATS2. Mol Med Rep 2018; 19:1965-1971. [PMID: 30592270 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are upregulated or downregulated in retinoblastoma (RB), and that this phenomenon is associated with the modulation of various malignant behaviours during RB occurrence and development. Therefore, the mechanisms that associate deregulated miRNAs with RB initiation and progression must be understood to identify effective therapeutic techniques for patients with RB. In the present study, miR‑492 expression was upregulated in RB tissues and cell lines. The effects of miR‑492 inhibition on the proliferation and invasion of RB cells were examined using Cell Counting kit‑8 and invasion assays. The results revealed that miR‑492 downregulation significantly decreased the proliferation and invasion of RB cells. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that large tumour‑suppressor kinase 2 (LATS2) was a putative target of miR‑492. Luciferase reporter assay, reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis demonstrated that LATS2 was a direct target gene of miR‑492 in RB cells. In addition, LATS2 expression was downregulated in RB tissues, and its downregulation was inversely correlated with miR‑492 level. Furthermore, LATS2‑knockdown abrogated the effects of miR‑492 downregulation in RB cells. In conclusion, miR‑492 inhibition may impede the malignant behaviour of RB by directly targeting LATS2. Therefore, targeting this miRNA may be an effective therapeutic method for treating patients with RB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqun Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Aimei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong 261000, P.R. China
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Jain M, Rojanaporn D, Chawla B, Sundar G, Gopal L, Khetan V. Retinoblastoma in Asia. Eye (Lond) 2018; 33:87-96. [PMID: 30385881 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-018-0244-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Asia-Pacific region bears a significant global burden of retinoblastoma (RB), therefore understanding RB in Asia-Pacific region is important. Based on the year 2013 population estimates, 43% (3452 of 8099 children) of the global burden of RB lives in 6 countries of Asia-Pacific region: 1486 children in India, 1103 children in China, 277 children in Indonesia, 260 children in Pakistan, 184 children in Bangladesh, 142 children in Philippines. There exists a wide disparity, technological and socio-economical, within countries in this region resulting in a varied pattern of clinical presentation and survival varies. Challenges in developing nations are not just technological, but also social. Opportunities emerge for research to study and understand the socio-economical aspects of the disease to develop interventions that are relevant culturally and feasible economically. Possible steps include disease education and counselling, universal screening, highly subsidized/free of cost treatment for low socioeconomic strata, raising funds through the government and non-governmental organizations, sensitization and training of man-power in screening, diagnosis and treatment, and developing new specialized centers with tele-ophthalmology services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Jain
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, 600006, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Duangnate Rojanaporn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University Faculty of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bhavna Chawla
- Dr. Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Gangadhar Sundar
- Retinoblastoma Service, Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, National University of, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Lingam Gopal
- Retinoblastoma Service, Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, National University of, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Vikas Khetan
- Shri Bhagwan Mahavir Vitreoretinal Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, 600006, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Lu JE, Francis JH, Dunkel IJ, Shields CL, Yu MD, Berry JL, Kogachi K, Skalet AH, Miller AK, Santapuram PR, Daniels AB, Abramson DH. Metastases and death rates after primary enucleation of unilateral retinoblastoma in the USA 2007-2017. Br J Ophthalmol 2018; 103:1272-1277. [PMID: 30361279 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Enucleation for retinoblastoma is performed less often in the past decade due to increasingly widespread alternative therapies, but enucleation remains an important option. There is a paucity of reports on the current incidence of metastases and metastatic deaths in unilateral retinoblastoma from US centres. METHODS Retrospective chart review at five tertiary retinoblastoma centres in the USA for unilateral retinoblastoma patients treated with primary enucleation, 2007-2017, with >1 year of follow-up or treatment failure. RESULTS Among 228 patients (228 eyes), there were nine metastases (3.9%) and four deaths (1.7%). The Kaplan-Meier estimate at 5 years for metastasis-free survival was 96% (95% CI, 94% to 99 %), and for overall survival was 98% (95% CI 96% to 100%). All metastases were evident within 12 months. Histopathology revealed higher risk pathology (postlaminar optic nerve and/or massive choroidal invasion) in 62 of 228 eyes (27%). Of these higher risk eyes, 39 received adjuvant chemotherapy. There were four subsequent metastases in this higher risk pathology with adjuvant chemotherapy group, with three deaths. Of the nine overall with metastases, seven (78%) showed higher risk pathology. All metastatic patients were classified as Reese-Ellsworth V and International Classification of Retinoblastoma Groups D or E. Initial metastases presented as orbital invasion in seven of nine cases. CONCLUSIONS Primary enucleation for unilateral retinoblastoma results in a low rate of metastatic death, but is still associated with a 3.9% chance of metastases within a year of enucleation. Most but not all patients who developed metastases had higher risk histopathological findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E Lu
- Ophthalmic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Jasmine H Francis
- Ophthalmic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Ira J Dunkel
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Carol L Shields
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael D Yu
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jesse L Berry
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles & the USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck Medical School of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kaitlin Kogachi
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles & the USC Roski Eye Institute, Keck Medical School of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alison H Skalet
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Audra K Miller
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Pranav R Santapuram
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anthony B Daniels
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - David H Abramson
- Ophthalmic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York, USA .,Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Zhao Y. MicroRNA‑874 prohibits the proliferation and invasion of retinoblastoma cells by directly targeting metadherin. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:3099-3105. [PMID: 30015932 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) serve important roles in regulating gene expression by directly binding to the 3'‑untranslated regions of target genes. Multiple miRNAs are dysregulated in retinoblastoma (RB) and their dysregulation is closely related to RB malignancy. Therefore, exploring the detailed roles of miRNAs in RB is valuable to facilitate the development of effective therapeutic targets for patients with this disease. miRNA‑874‑3p (miR‑874) has been recently reported to be downregulated in several types of human cancer and serves an essential role in cancer progression. However, the expression pattern and detailed roles of miR‑874 in RB, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms in RB, have not been clearly elucidated. Therefore, this study detected miR‑874 expression in RB tissues and cell lines. The biological roles of miR‑874 in RB were determined and the underlying mechanisms of its actions in RB cells were also examined. This study revealed that miR‑874 expression was aberrantly underexpressed in RB tissues and cell lines. However, returning miR‑874 expression restricted the proliferative and invasive abilities of RB cells. In terms of the underlying mechanism, metadherin (MTDH) was validated as a direct target gene of miR‑874 in RB cells. MTDH inhibition could imitate the inhibitory roles of miR‑874 overexpression in RB cells. Furthermore, forced MTDH expression partially reversed the suppressive effects of miR‑874 on RB cells. In conclusion, this study revealed that miR‑874 may inhibit RB progression by directly targeting MTDH. Restoration of miR‑874 expression may be a novel strategy for preventing the rapid growth and metastasis of RB cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Xueqin Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
| | - Yuehua Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong 261031, P.R. China
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