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Khan NA, El-Menyar A, Asim M, Abdurahiman S, Al Musleh AA, Al-Thani H. Academic and healthcare efforts from Cessation to complete resumption of professional football tournaments during COVID-19 pandemic: A narrative review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22519. [PMID: 38046158 PMCID: PMC10686895 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus led to over 626 million infections and 6.5 million deaths worldwide and forced to cancel or postpone several sporting events. Effective control techniques are therefore urgently required to avoid COVID-19 spread at these local and global events. This narrative review addressed the healthcare and research efforts on the intersections between COVID-19 and major professional sports leagues worldwide, with special reference to the FIFA World Cup football 2022. This explained how the broader transformation of COVID-19 from being a potential risk to an urgent pandemic public health emergency, caused the world of Football to halt between February and March 2020. This review could add to the growing literature on the importance of scientific research in understanding the relationship between mass sports events and COVID-19 trajectory, concerning studies conducted globally and particularly for the recommencement of major professional football competitions. The information outlined in the article may help sports organizations understand the risks associated with sports and their settings and improve their preparedness for future events under unprecedented circumstances. There were tremendous global healthcare and research efforts to deal with this unprecedented pandemic. The successful FIFA World Cup football tournament was an indicator of the success of these efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naushad Ahmad Khan
- Department of Surgery, Trauma &Vascular Surgery, Clinical Research, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ayman El-Menyar
- Department of Surgery, Trauma &Vascular Surgery, Clinical Research, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Department of Surgery, Trauma &Vascular Surgery, Clinical Research, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sameer Abdurahiman
- Clinical Information Systems (CIS), Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Hassan Al-Thani
- Department of Surgery, Trauma and Vascular Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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AlSamhori JF, Alshrouf MA, AlSamhori ARF, Alshadeedi FM, Madi AS, Alzoubi O. Implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on athletes, sports events, and mass gathering events: Review and recommendations. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023; 5:165-173. [PMID: 37753427 PMCID: PMC10518794 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), which caused several respiratory diseases, was formally declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020, it affected the lifestyle and health of athletes, both directly through cardiorespiratory and other health related effects, and indirectly as the pandemic has forced the suspension, postponement, or cancellation of most professional sporting events around the world. In this review, we explore the journey of athletes throughout the pandemic and during their return to their competitive routine. We also highlight potential pitfalls during the process and summarize the recommendations for the optimal return to sport participation. We further discuss the impact of the pandemic on the psychology of athletes, the variance between the team and individual athletes, and their ability to cope with the changes. Moreover, we specifically reviewed the pandemic impact on younger professional athletes in terms of mental and fitness health. Finally, we shaded light on the various impacts of mass gathering events and recommendations for managing upcoming events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Ali Alshrouf
- Medical Internship, Jordan University Hospital, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
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Mannino BJ, Yedikian T, Mojica ES, Bi A, Alaia M, Gonzalez-Lomas G. The COVID lockdown and its effects on soft tissue injuries in Premier League Athletes. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2023; 51:40-44. [PMID: 34511046 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2021.1980746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID impacted 2020-2021 season of the English soccer league, there was an appreciable number of injuries experienced by players. These injuries, however, have not been quantified against previous seasons to highlight the altered season as a causative factor. METHODS A review of an online database was conducted to search for injuries to football players in the Premier League across three seasons; 2018-2019, 2019-2020, and 2020-2021, to compare for difference in injury rates across the years and assess for higher rates in this current season, where athletes have had less play time due to COVID-19. Injury number and injury characteristics were abstracted from the online database Transfermarkt, with the provided information allowing for the sorting of the data into muscular and ligamentous injuries and skeletal injuries. RESULTS Overall 226, 260, and 289 muscular and ligamentous injuries were observed across the 2018/2019, 2019/2020, and 2020/2021 seasons, respectively. There were 495 minutes on average played leading up to first injury in the 2020/2021 season, compared with 521 minutes in the 2019/2020 season and 536 minutes in the 2018/2019. There was an average of games played to injury of 5.6 games in the 2020/2021 year, with 6.0 in the 2019/2020 year and 6.1 in the 2018/2019 year. Additionally, there was a significantly shorter time in between games was noted during the COVID-affected season with a mean time of 6.8 days in-between games played during the 2020-2021 season as compared to the previous years of 9.12 and 7.12 days. CONCLUSION Our study found that there were more injuries and a decreased time to first injury observed during the COVID-impacted 2020-2021 season than the two preceding seasons, perhaps demonstrating a link between fixture congestion and athlete injuries as evidenced by the significantly shorter time between games. It is therefore prudent to retain fixture spacing for athlete recovery even against the backdrop of an overall shortened season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Mannino
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Teren Yedikian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edward Stephen Mojica
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Bi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Alaia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
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Guo J, Zhang X, Cui D. Necessity and challenges for the post-pandemic Hangzhou Asian Games: An interdisciplinary data science assessment. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1047990. [PMID: 36636667 PMCID: PMC9831677 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1047990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The postponement of the Hangzhou Asian Games has reignited controversy over whether it is necessary and safe to hold. This study aimed to assess its necessity for Asian elite sport and the challenges brought by the COVID-19 pandemic through joint data science research on elite sports and public health Internet big data. Methods For necessity, we used seven pre-pandemic Asian Games to investigate its long-term internal balance and six pre-pandemic Olympic Games to examine its contribution to the external competitiveness of Asian sport powers through bivariate Pearson correlation analyses between sport variables and holding year. For challenges, we used Johns Hopkins COVID-19 data and Tokyo 2020 Olympic data to quantify the past impact of the pandemic on elite sport by another correlation analysis between pandemic variables and the change in the weighted score of medal share (CWSMS), built a transferable linear regression model, transferred the model to Jakarta 2018 Asian Games data, and eventually forecasted the possible impact of the pandemic on the results of the Hangzhou Asian Games. Results The proportion of gold medal countries in the Asian Games showed a long-term upward trend (Pearson r (7) = 0.849, p < 0.05), and the share of medals won by Asian countries showed a significant increasing process (Pearson r (6) = 0.901, p < 0.05). The cumulative number of COVID-19 deaths (CND) was most significantly correlated to CWSMS (Pearson r (100) = -0.455, p < 0.001). The total Olympic model output of Asian countries was 0.0115 in Tokyo 2020 and is predicted to be 0.0093 now. The prediction of CWSMS in Hangzhou was 0.0013 for China, 0.0006 for Japan, and 0.0008 for South Korea. Conclusion We documented that Asian Games played a significant role in the long-term balanced internal structure and the increasing global competitiveness of Asian elite sport. We proved that the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the Olympic performance of countries worldwide, while the competitive performance at the Hangzhou Games would be less affected than the world average level. This study also highlights the importance of interdisciplinary data science research on large-scale sports events and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Guo
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence in Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China,Beijing Institute for International Olympic Studies, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangning Zhang
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence in Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China,Beijing Institute for International Olympic Studies, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Cui
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence in Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China,Beijing Institute for International Olympic Studies, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Dandan Cui ✉
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Lee JW, Kim Y, Han DH. LDA-based topic modeling for COVID-19-related sports research trends. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1033872. [PMID: 36452388 PMCID: PMC9704505 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1033872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic could generate a turning point for introducing a new system for sports participation and business. The purpose of this study is to explore trends and topic structures of COVID-19-related sports research by analyzing the relevant literature. Methods Sports studies related to COVID-19 were collected in searching international academic databases. After the pre-processing step using the refinement and morpheme analysis function of the Net Miner program, topic modeling and social network analysis were used to analyze Journal Citation Reports found using the search term 'COVID-19 sports'. Results As a result, this study used subject modeling to reveal important potential topics in COVID-19-related sports research articles. 'Sports participation', 'elite players', and 'sports industry' were macroscopically classified, and detailed research topics could be identified from each division. Conclusion This study revealed important latent topics from COVID-19-related sports research articles using topic modeling. The results of the research elucidate the structure of academic knowledge on this topic and provide guidance for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jea Woog Lee
- Intelligent Information Processing Lab, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - YoungBin Kim
- Department of Image Science and Arts, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Doug Hyun Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung-Ang University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Cushman DM, York E, Asay A, Ross B, Teramoto M, McCormick ZL. Changes in clinical practice perceptions and mental health of sports medicine physicians due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2022; 50:419-428. [PMID: 34176424 PMCID: PMC8727637 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2021.1949252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has had an immense impact on healthcare, but little has been published on its impact on sports medicine physicians. This study aimed to assess the perceived impacts of the pandemic on practice changes, financial implications, and mental health of the physician members of the American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM). METHODS Online surveys were sent to physician members of the AMSSM, with questions asking about demographic information and personal associations to COVID-19. The main outcome measures included self-reported clinical practice volumes, visit types (telemedicine, face-to-face), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4) scores, personal finances, clarity of practice guidelines, and personal protective equipment (PPE) availability. RESULTS A total of 825 respondents completed the initial survey, with a subset completing follow-ups. In-person clinical and procedural volumes were reported to be reduced to just 17.9% and 13.7% of the pre-pandemic baseline volumes at the first survey (March 2020), but increased to 81.1% and 77.3% (August 2020), respectively. PHQ-4 anxiety subscores significantly decreased over time (p < 0.001); younger physicians and female physicians were more likely to have higher scores (p < 0.05). Reported physician income significantly increased over time (p < 0.05), and financial concerns steadily decreased (p < 0.001). The perception of having an adequate PPE significantly increased over the study (p < 0.001) but not for having clear practice guidelines (p > 0.05). Physicians have become increasingly aware of others testing positive for the virus, but not themselves or someone they live with. CONCLUSIONS Sports medicine physicians have been heavily impacted by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, with some recovery since it started. Sports medicine physicians should be aware of pandemic-related practice changes and resulting mental health and financial implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Cushman
- Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Elizabeth York
- Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Alexandra Asay
- Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Brendon Ross
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Masaru Teramoto
- Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Zachary L McCormick
- Division of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Carmody S, Brar G, Massey A, Rosenbloom C, Gouttebarge V, Davison M. Leadership experiences of elite football team physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic: a pilot study. BMJ LEADER 2022:leader-2022-000603. [DOI: 10.1136/leader-2022-000603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to explore the leadership experiences of elite football team physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA pilot-study based on a cross-sectional design by means of an electronic survey was conducted. The survey relied on 25 questions divided into distinct sections including among others professional and academic experience, leadership experiences and perspectives.ResultsA total of 57 physicians (91% male; mean age: 43 years) gave their electronic informed consent and completed the survey. All participants agreed that the demands of their role had increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Fifty-two (92%) participants reported that they felt they were expected to take more of a leadership role during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eighteen (35%) reported feeling under pressure to make clinical decisions which were not in keeping with best clinical practice. Additional roles, duties and demands expected of team doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic were subdivided into communication, decision-making, logistical, and public health demands.ConclusionThe findings from this pilot study suggest that the way in which team physicians at professional football clubs operate has altered since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, with greater demands placed on leadership skills including decision-making, communication and ethical stewardship. This has potential implications for sporting organisations, clinical practice and research.
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8
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Khan NA, Al Musleh AA, Abdurahiman S, Asim M, El-Menyar A, Al-Thani H. Recommencement of football competition with spectators during the active phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in a Middle Eastern country. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2022; 14:112. [PMID: 35725500 PMCID: PMC9207165 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-022-00504-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background With the global spread of COVID-19 infection caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 virus (SARS-CoV-2), all the national and international sports events were ceased early in 2020. The sport activities have been reinstated since then, albeit without spectators. However, several governments have established a variety of risk-mitigation measures to gradually reintroduce the spectators to stadiums.
Objectives We aimed to evaluate the implementation of a strict health protocol to ensure the resumption of professional football with spectators and to access its effectiveness in limiting the spread of COVID-19 infections within the community.
Methods This was a retrospective, observational study involving football players, match officials, local organizing committee members, working in close coordination, and over 16,000 spectators in the state of Qatar. We examined data from the Amir Cup final (December 18th, 2020), which was played under a strict protocol that included extensive reverse transcription-Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for players and match officials, as well as the utility of COVID-19 rapid antigen and antibody testings as screening tools for spectators to ensure their safe return to the stadiums. In addition, we reviewed the guidelines and protocols that were put in place to organize Qatar's Amir Cup Football Final, which drew over 16,000 spectators in the stadium. Results A total of 16,171 spectators undertook rapid antigen and antibody tests for the Amir cup final (from December16-December18, 2020). Fifteen Spectators (n = 15) returned with a positive result for COVID-19 infection during the final event (positivity rate = 0.12%). All players underwent RT-PCR testing 48 h before the match. None of the players tested positive for COVID-19 infections. 1311 individuals reported having symptoms related to COVID-19 post final of Amir Cup. These spectators were tested for COVID-19 RT-PCR with an overall positivity rate (positive/reactive) to be 0.42% (69/16171). Conclusion This report shows a meagre incidence rate of COVID-19 infections during and post-Amir Cup football final. Based on the low infectivity rate reported during and post the Amir Cup, we propose that supervised and controlled resumption of football matches with spectators can be carried out safely following a strict testing and tracing protocol. Similar infection control policies can be replicated with a higher number of spectators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naushad Ahmad Khan
- Department of Surgery, Trauma and Vascular Clinical Research, Hamad General Hospital, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - AbdulWahab Abubaker Al Musleh
- Clinical Information Systems (CIS), Hamad Medical Corporation and Medical Affairs, Supreme Committee for Delivery and Legacy, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sameer Abdurahiman
- Clinical Information Systems (CIS), Hamad Medical Corporation and Medical Affairs, Supreme Committee for Delivery and Legacy, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Asim
- Department of Surgery, Trauma and Vascular Clinical Research, Hamad General Hospital, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ayman El-Menyar
- Department of Surgery, Trauma and Vascular Clinical Research, Hamad General Hospital, P.O. Box 3050, Doha, Qatar. .,Department of Clinical Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Hassan Al-Thani
- Department of Surgery, Trauma and Vascular Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
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Murray A, Pluim B, Robinson PG, Mountjoy ML, Falvey ÉC, Budgett R, Massey A, Cox C. The journey so far: professional sport during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2022; 8:e001362. [PMID: 35475032 PMCID: PMC9021456 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Murray
- Sports and Exercise Medicine Department, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,European Tour Performance Institute, Virginia Water, UK
| | - Babette Pluim
- University of Pretoria Faculty of Health Sciences, Pretoria, South Africa.,MC/VUmc IOC Research Center of Excellence, Amsterdam UMC Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Gordon Robinson
- European Tour Performance Institute, Virginia Water, UK.,Health and Workforce Directorate, Scottish Government, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Margo Lynn Mountjoy
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,International Golf Federation, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Andrew Massey
- Medical Department, Fédération Internationale de Football Association, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Caryn Cox
- Health Protection Team, Public Health Wales, Cardiff, UK.,UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
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Rico-Díaz J, Río-Rodríguez D, Gómez-Varela J, Martín-Acero R. Handball Training and Competition With Facemasks in Galicia: The FISICOVID-DXTGALEGO Protocols Experience. Front Psychol 2022; 13:851732. [PMID: 35465546 PMCID: PMC9022707 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.851732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective COVID-19 caused a complete stop in non-professional sports. The use of face masks for team sports is not a widely used measure in non-professional sports. The study aimed to evaluate the perception about using the mask and the adaptation difficulties related to training and competition in team sports following the FISICOVID-DXTGALEGO protocol. Methods Seven hundred eighty-seven handball players from the Galician Handball Federation were followed during their return to participation after months of confinement through an electronic questionnaire of perception and experience on the use of a mask. Results There is an excellent adaptation to the mask in training and competition with medium and high correlations. The 86,41% of players reported an adaptation to the mask in 3 weeks with a three times a week training frequency. The negative opinion on the mask was drastically reduced (-66.86%) after use. The 80,44% of players considered the use of a mask as an essential measure to resume competitions. Conclusions It is very feasible to adapt to training and compete with a mask (hygienic or surgical) in a short period. The use of a mask following these protocols changed previous opinions on the disadvantages of the mask during training and competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rico-Díaz
- Facultade de Ciencias da Educación, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Dan Río-Rodríguez
- Grupo de Aprendizaje y Control del Movimiento Humano, Facultade de Ciencias do Deporte e a Educación Física, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
- ATP Entrenamiento Personal, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Joaquín Gómez-Varela
- Grupo de Aprendizaje y Control del Movimiento Humano, Facultade de Ciencias do Deporte e a Educación Física, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Rafael Martín-Acero
- Grupo de Aprendizaje y Control del Movimiento Humano, Facultade de Ciencias do Deporte e a Educación Física, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
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Edwards T, Kay GA, Aljayyoussi G, Owen SI, Harland AR, Pierce NS, Calder JDF, Fletcher TE, Adams ER. SARS-CoV-2 viability on sports equipment is limited, and dependent on material composition. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1416. [PMID: 35082404 PMCID: PMC8791971 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05515-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The control of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK has necessitated restrictions on amateur and professional sports due to the perceived infection risk to competitors, via direct person to person transmission, or possibly via the surfaces of sports equipment. The sharing of sports equipment such as tennis balls was therefore banned by some sport's governing bodies. We sought to investigate the potential of sporting equipment as transmission vectors of SARS-CoV-2. Ten different types of sporting equipment, including balls from common sports, were inoculated with 40 μl droplets containing clinically relevant concentrations of live SARS-CoV-2 virus. Materials were then swabbed at time points relevant to sports (1, 5, 15, 30, 90 min). The amount of live SARS-CoV-2 recovered at each time point was enumerated using viral plaque assays, and viral decay and half-life was estimated through fitting linear models to log transformed data from each material. At one minute, SARS-CoV-2 virus was recovered in only seven of the ten types of equipment with the low dose inoculum, one at five minutes and none at 15 min. Retrievable virus dropped significantly for all materials tested using the high dose inoculum with mean recovery of virus falling to 0.74% at 1 min, 0.39% at 15 min and 0.003% at 90 min. Viral recovery, predicted decay, and half-life varied between materials with porous surfaces limiting virus transmission. This study shows that there is an exponential reduction in SARS-CoV-2 recoverable from a range of sports equipment after a short time period, and virus is less transferrable from materials such as a tennis ball, red cricket ball and cricket glove. Given this rapid loss of viral load and the fact that transmission requires a significant inoculum to be transferred from equipment to the mucous membranes of another individual it seems unlikely that sports equipment is a major cause for transmission of SARS-CoV-2. These findings have important policy implications in the context of the pandemic and may promote other infection control measures in sports to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and urge sports equipment manufacturers to identify surfaces that may or may not be likely to retain transferable virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Edwards
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Grant A Kay
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Ghaith Aljayyoussi
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Sophie I Owen
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Andy R Harland
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Manufacturing and Electrical Engineering, Loughborough University, Ashby Road, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Nicholas S Pierce
- England and Wales Cricket Board and National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - James D F Calder
- Fortius Clinic, London, W1U 2EU, UK
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Tom E Fletcher
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Emily R Adams
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK.
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Hodgson L, Phillips G, Saggers RT, Sharma S, Papadakis M, Readhead C, Cowie CM, Massey A, Weiler R, Mathema P, Larkin J, Gordon J, Maclean J, Rossiter M, Elliott N, Hanson J, Spencer S, Jaques R, Patricios J. Medical care and first aid: an interassociation consensus framework for organised non-elite sport during the COVID-19 pandemic. Br J Sports Med 2022; 56:68-79. [PMID: 33619127 PMCID: PMC7902323 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-103622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The cessation of amateur and recreational sport has had significant implications globally, impacting economic, social and health facets of population well-being. As a result, there is pressure to resume sport at all levels. The ongoing prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and subsequent 'second waves' require urgent best practice guidelines to be developed to return recreational (non-elite) sports as quickly as possible while prioritising the well-being of the participants and support staff.This guidance document describes the need for such advice and the process of collating available evidence. Expert opinion is integrated into this document to provide uniform and pragmatic recommendations, thereby optimising on-field and field-side safety for all involved persons, including coaches, first responders and participants.The nature of SARS-CoV-2 transmission means that the use of some procedures performed during emergency care and resuscitation could potentially be hazardous, necessitating the need for guidance on the use of personal protective equipment, the allocation of predetermined areas to manage potentially infective cases and the governance and audit of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Hodgson
- The Football Association, Burton-Upon-Trent, UK
- Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Gemma Phillips
- Rugby Football League Ltd, Leeds, UK
- Hull Kingston Rovers RLFC, Hull, UK
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research Centre, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Robin Terence Saggers
- Wits Sport and Health (WiSH), School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg-Braamfontein, South Africa
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael Rossiter
- Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Basingstoke, UK
- Premiership Rugby, London, UK
| | | | - Jonathan Hanson
- Scottish Football Association, Glasgow, UK
- Sport Scotland Institute of Sport, Glasgow, UK
- Glasgow Warriors, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Rod Jaques
- English Institute of Sport, Manchester, UK
| | - Jon Patricios
- Wits Sport and Health (WiSH), School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg-Braamfontein, South Africa
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13
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Finch LS, Harris A, Lester C, Veal D, Jones K, Fulton J, Jones L, Lee M, Walker T, Rossiter M, Cross M, Kemp S, Fletcher T, Adams ER. Implementation study of SARS-CoV-2 antigen lateral flow tests in men's professional (Premiership) rugby union sports squads in England during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Infect 2021; 84:e3-e5. [PMID: 34974058 PMCID: PMC8717709 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the validity and utility of antigen-detection rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs) for SARS-CoV-2 in elite sports. The data on utility, ease of use and application for Ag-RDTs as a new testing format were positive from players and staff. This evaluation was limited by the low prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 circulating within the three squads. This study highlights the need for continued service evaluations for SARS-CoV-2 Ag-RDTs in elite sport settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna S Finch
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Catherine Lester
- Northampton Rugby Football Club Ltd, Northampton, UK; Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Queen Mary University, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Matt Lee
- Northampton Rugby Football Club Ltd, Northampton, UK
| | | | - Mike Rossiter
- Premiership Rugby, Twickenham, Middlesex, UK; Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Basingstoke, UK
| | - Matt Cross
- Premiership Rugby, Twickenham, Middlesex, UK
| | - Simon Kemp
- Rugby Football Union, Twickenham, UK; London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Tom Fletcher
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK; Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Emily R Adams
- Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK; Mologic, Thurleigh, UK.
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14
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Hamilton B, Burt P, Anderson L. Decision-Making in Sport During a Pandemic. Clin J Sport Med 2021; 31:516-521. [PMID: 34446649 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all elements of global society, and sport is not exempt. Many sporting events have been either postponed or canceled, and national sporting organizations have had to make highly complex decisions in the face of scientific uncertainty and risk. This article applies these lessons to the world of sport with the goal of assisting sporting organizations to make sound and reasoned decisions during a pandemic. DATA SOURCES A narrative approach using both academic literature sources and live examples from the authors' experience. We use Daniels and Sabin's accountability for reasonableness framework to facilitate decision-making in the face of such uncertainty. MAIN RESULTS Decision-making in the context of uncertainty has the potential to create conflict and disengagement from key stakeholders. Evidence from recent pandemics has illustrated that an ethical approach to decision-making results in reasoned decision-making and confers a legitimacy to decisions that ultimately supports engagement and satisfaction from stakeholders. CONCLUSIONS The incorporation of ethical considerations into risk assessment and management when making complex decisions, which incorporate high levels of uncertainty, will assist sporting organizations have positive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce Hamilton
- Performance Health, High Performance Sport New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
- Sport Research Institute of New Zealand (SPRINZ), Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand; and
| | - Peter Burt
- Division of Health Sciences, Bioethics Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Lynley Anderson
- Division of Health Sciences, Bioethics Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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15
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Davies MAM, Spincer M, Klein A, Walters S, Wright P, Hurley A, Stokes K, Hill J. "Pilot" spectator events in British horseracing during COVID-19: post-event SMS COVID-19 reporting. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 32:372-380. [PMID: 34655255 PMCID: PMC8661870 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess (i) COVID‐19 transmission prior to and following spectator events and (ii) methodological approaches to capturing event‐related transmission during the spectator return. Local authority population transmission rates were used to identify higher transmission areas, which were excluded from participant attendance following registration. Using observational online and SMS questionnaires, self‐reported COVID‐19 diagnoses (positive tests) and racing‐related NHS Test and Trace contacts within 14 days of spectating were reported for two British Horseracing events and three Point to Point (PTP) grassroots races. There were 1,477 registrations for the British Horseracing events, and 1,678 registrations for PTP races. Responses were received from 464 attendees of British Horseracing events (31.4% response rate). Two attendees reported a COVID‐19 diagnosis, and no attendees reported NHS Test and Trace contact. From PTP races, 862 attendees (51.3%) consented to receive the SMS survey, and responses were received from 495 attendees (57.4% response rate). Five attendees reported positive COVID‐19 diagnoses, and two attendees reported being contacted by NHS Test and Trace, of which one was following a non‐racing potential COVID‐19 exposure. There was limited evidence of COVID‐19 transmission at outdoor elite and grassroots level horseracing events during autumn 2020. A higher response rate was received with SMS surveys; however, there was a reluctancy to “opt in” to SMS methodology. This study describes different methodological approaches to monitoring COVID‐19 transmission risk at events, which may have relevance for other sporting and event contexts during the current pandemic, and sustained attendances during periods with circulating transmissible diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine A M Davies
- Centre for Health, Illness, and Injury Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, Bath, UK.,University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Andre Klein
- Warwick Racecourse, Warwick, UK.,The Jockey Club, London, UK
| | - Sarah Walters
- Warwick Racecourse, Warwick, UK.,The Jockey Club, London, UK
| | | | | | - Keith Stokes
- Centre for Health, Illness, and Injury Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, Bath, UK.,Rugby Football Union, Twickenham, UK
| | - Jerry Hill
- British Horseracing Association, London, UK
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16
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Robinson PG, Murray A, Sheer V, Close G, Kinane DF. Pilot evaluation of risk assessment and enhanced protocols regarding contacts at an international professional golf event. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2021; 7:e001127. [PMID: 34466271 PMCID: PMC8365803 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to assess whether a risk assessment and managed risk approach to contact tracing was practical and feasible at the Gran Canaria Lopesan Open 2021 and could inform further pilot work regarding disease transmission during elite sporting events. Methods This prospective cohort study included all international attendees. All participants required a minimum of one negative reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) test prior to travelling to each tournament. High-risk contacts were isolated for 10 days. Moderate-risk contacts received education regarding enhanced medical surveillance, had daily rapid antigen testing for 5 days, with RT-PCR day 5, mandated mask use and access to outside space for work purposes only. Low-risk contacts received rapid antigen testing every 48 hours and PCR testing on day 5. Results A total of 550 persons were accredited and were required to undergo RT-PCR testing before the event. Two of these tests were positive (0.36%). Of these, case 1 had 1 high, 23 moderate and 48 low-risk contacts. Case 2 did not have any significant travel history within 2 days of positive test and had one high-risk contact. There were no further positive tests on site in the wider cohort of attendees, from a total of 872 RT-PCR and 198 rapid antigen tests. Conclusions This pilot study showed it is practical, feasible and well accepted to provide enhanced (daily) virus testing and risk-mitigating measures at a professional golf event. Further study is required to assess the efficacy of these interventions; however, no transmission was found in this pilot study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G Robinson
- Edinburgh Orthopaedics, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,European Tour Performance Institute, Virginia Water, UK
| | - Andrew Murray
- European Tour Performance Institute, Virginia Water, UK.,Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Sport and Exercise, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Volker Sheer
- European Tour Performance Institute, Virginia Water, UK.,Health Science Department, Universidad a Distancia de Madrid (UDIMA), Madrid, Spain.,Ultra Sports Science Foundation, Pierre Benite, France
| | - Graeme Close
- European Tour Performance Institute, Virginia Water, UK.,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Denis F Kinane
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Medical and Scientific Department, Cignpost Diagnostics, Farnborough, UK
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17
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Lete-Lasa JR, Martin-Acero R, Rico-Diaz J, Gomez-Varela J, Rio-Rodriguez D. Perception of the Sports Social Environment After the Development and Implementation of an Identification Tool for Contagious Risk Situations in Sports During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychol 2021; 12:610421. [PMID: 34421696 PMCID: PMC8374047 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.610421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study details the methodological process for creating a tool for the identification of COVID-19 potential contagion situations in sports and physical education before, during, and after practice and competition. It is a tool that implies an educational and methodological process with all the agents of the sports system. This tool identifies the large number of interactions occurring through sports action and everything that surrounds it in training, competition, and organization. The aim is to prepare contingency protocols based on an exhaustive analysis, risk detection, and proposal of contingency measures trying to reduce the residual risk to a minimum. In the second part, the results of the implementation of this tool in the sports system of Galicia (Spain) are shown. The technicians have changed their perceptions about the coronavirus transmission in sports. They highlight the problem for returning to sports participation for athletes under 18 years in the pandemic context.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ramón Lete-Lasa
- Secretaría Xeral Para o Deporte, Xunta de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rafael Martin-Acero
- Grupo de Aprendizaje y Control del Movimiento Humano, Facultade de Ciencias do Deporte e a Educación Física, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Javier Rico-Diaz
- Secretaría Xeral Para o Deporte, Xunta de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Facultade de Ciencias da Educación, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Joaquín Gomez-Varela
- Grupo de Aprendizaje y Control del Movimiento Humano, Facultade de Ciencias do Deporte e a Educación Física, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Dan Rio-Rodriguez
- Grupo de Aprendizaje y Control del Movimiento Humano, Facultade de Ciencias do Deporte e a Educación Física, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
- ATP Entrenamiento Personal, A Coruña, Spain
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18
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Robinson PG, Foster C, Murray A. Public health considerations regarding golf during the COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative review. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2021; 7:e001089. [PMID: 34192012 PMCID: PMC8038902 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Golf is a sport played worldwide by >60 million people from a variety of backgrounds and abilities. Golf's contribution to physical and mental health benefits are becoming increasingly recognised. Countries have adopted a range of restrictions to playing golf during the COVID-19 pandemic. AIMS The purpose of this narrative review was to (1) explore the literature related to the possible health benefits and risks of playing golf during the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) provide recommendations on golf-related activity from the relevant available literature. RESULTS Golf can provide health-enhancing physical activity. Regular physical activity is associated with physical/mental health, immune system and longevity benefits. Sense of belonging and life satisfaction significantly improved when golfing restrictions were relaxed after the first lockdown in the UK. Golf is an outdoor sport, where social distancing is possible, and if rules are followed, risk of COVID-19 transmission is likely to be low. CONCLUSIONS Policy-makers and governing bodies should support the promotion of golf because participation brings wide ranging benefits for physical health and mental well-being. When effective risk reduction measures are used, the benefits of playing golf in most circumstances outweigh the risk of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charlie Foster
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Andrew Murray
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Medical and Scientific Department, The R&A, St. Andrews, UK
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19
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Hodgson L, Phillips G, Gordon J, Hanson J, Maclean J, Mathema P, Smith A, Woolcock M, Cowie CM, Kemp S, Patterson M, Larkin J, Hill J, Rossiter M, Elliott N, Bennett P, Power J, Pillay A, Singh H, Sheridan C, Hurwood M, Riou P, Bennison A, Chakraverty S, Tingay R, Higgins R, Weiler R, Jaques R, Spencer S, Carmont MR, Patricios J. Interassociation consensus recommendations for pitch-side emergency care and personal protective equipment for elite sport during the COVID-19 pandemic. Br J Sports Med 2020; 55:bjsports-2020-103226. [PMID: 33361278 PMCID: PMC7768617 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2020-103226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated many novel responses in healthcare including sport and exercise medicine. The cessation of elite sport almost globally has had significant economic implications and resulted in pressure to resume sport in very controlled conditions. This includes protecting pitch-side medical staff and players from infection. The ongoing prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and the desire to resume professional sport required urgent best practice guidelines to be developed so that sport could be resumed as safely as possible. This set of best practice recommendations assembles early evidence for managing SARS-CoV-2 and integrates expert opinion to provide a uniform and pragmatic approach to enhance on-field and pitch-side safety for the clinician and player. The nature of SARS-CoV-2 transmission creates new hazards during resuscitation and emergency care and procedures. Recommendations for the use and type of personal protective equipment during on-field or pitch-side emergency medical care is provided based on the clinical scenario and projected risk of viral transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Hodgson
- The Football Association (FA), Burton-Upon-Trent, UK
- Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Gemma Phillips
- Rugby Football League (RFL), Leeds, UK
- Medical Department, Hull Kingston Rovers Rugby League, Hull, UK
- Carnegie Applied Rugby Research (CARR) centre, Carnegie School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Jonathan Gordon
- Sport Promote, Glasgow, UK
- Scottish Football Association, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jonathan Hanson
- Scottish Football Association, Glasgow, UK
- Scotland Institute of Sport, Glasgow, Scotland
- Glasgow Warriors, Glasgow, Scotland
| | | | | | - Andrew Smith
- England Rugby, Twickenham, UK
- Mid Yorkshire Hospitals, Wakefield, UK
| | - Mark Woolcock
- Cornwall Integrated Urgent Care Service, Cornwall, UK
| | | | - Simon Kemp
- Rugby Football Union, London, UK
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Michael Patterson
- The Football Association (FA), Burton-Upon-Trent, UK
- University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Jerry Hill
- British Horseracing Authority Ltd, London, UK
| | - Michael Rossiter
- Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Basingstoke, UK
- Premiership Rugby, London, UK
| | | | - Pippa Bennett
- The Football Association (FA), Burton-Upon-Trent, UK
- British Equestrian, London, UK
| | | | - Ari Pillay
- Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, UK
- Southampton Football Club, Southampton, UK
| | - Harjinder Singh
- University Hospitals Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Leicester Tigers Rugby, Leicester, UK
- Leicester City Football Club, Leicester, UK
| | - Craig Sheridan
- East of England Deanary, Cambridge, UK
- Colchester United Football Club, Colchester, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rod Jaques
- English Institute of Sport (EIS), Bath, UK
| | | | - Michael R Carmont
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Princess Royal Hospital NHS Trust, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Goteborgs Universitet, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jon Patricios
- Wits Institute for Sport and Health (WISH), School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg-Braamfontein, South Africa
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20
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Tomovic M, Krzman L. Sport and exercise participation in time of Covid-19-A narrative review of medical and health perspective. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2020; 4:159-162. [PMID: 33363268 PMCID: PMC7753399 DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus outbreak during 2020 brought enormous challenges for the world of sport and exercise. Much debated lockdown finished with the first wave in most countries and the “new normal” was the new beginning for professional and recreational sport activities. The aim of this narrative review is to acknowledge the most important medical and health aspects of sport and exercise participation until COVID‐19 pandemic is resolved. Management of existing crisis creates numerous opportunities for medical advances. Remote testing, tele‐health, field laboratories, continuous follow‐up of professional athletes, technological advances and artificial intelligence in new sporting environment using multidisciplinary, and systematic approach can be now thoroughly evaluated and defined for the best SEM practices. Sports and exercise medicine expertise in prevention can have a decisive role in dealing with ongoing and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Tomovic
- Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
| | - Lana Krzman
- Faculty of Medicine University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
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21
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Lete-Lasa JR, Martín-Acero R, Rico-Díaz J, Gómez-Varela J, Río-Rodríguez D. Perception of the Sports Social Environment After the Development and Implementation of an Identification Tool for Contagious Risk Situations in Sports During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Sports Act Living 2020; 2:610421. [PMID: 33345184 PMCID: PMC7739706 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2020.610421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work details the methodological process for creating a tool for the identification of COVID-19 potential contagion situations in sport and physical education before, during, and after practice and competition. It is a tool that implies an educational and methodological process with all the agents of the sports system. This tool identifies the large number of interactions occurring through sports action and everything that surrounds it in training, competition, and its organization. The aim is to prepare contingency protocols based on an exhaustive analysis, risk detection, and proposal of contingency measures trying to reduce the residual risk to a minimum. In a second part, the results of the implementation of this tool in the sports system of Galicia (Spain) are shown revealing the change in perception about the coronavirus transmission in sport of the technicians and the problem for returning to sport for athletes under 18 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ramón Lete-Lasa
- Secretaría Xeral para o Deporte, Xunta de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rafael Martín-Acero
- Grupo de Aprendizaje y Control del Movimiento Humano, Facultade de Ciencias do Deporte e a Educación Física, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Javier Rico-Díaz
- Secretaría Xeral para o Deporte, Xunta de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Facultade de Ciencias da Educación, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Joaquín Gómez-Varela
- Grupo de Aprendizaje y Control del Movimiento Humano, Facultade de Ciencias do Deporte e a Educación Física, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Dan Río-Rodríguez
- Grupo de Aprendizaje y Control del Movimiento Humano, Facultade de Ciencias do Deporte e a Educación Física, Universidade da Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
- ATP Entrenamiento Personal, A Coruña, Spain
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