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O’Shea DM, Arkhipenko A, Galasko D, Goldman JG, Sheikh ZH, Petrides G, Toledo JB, Galvin JE. Practical use of DAT SPECT imaging in diagnosing dementia with Lewy bodies: a US perspective of current guidelines and future directions. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1395413. [PMID: 38711561 PMCID: PMC11073567 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1395413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Diagnosing Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) remains a challenge in clinical practice. The use of 123I-ioflupane (DaTscan™) SPECT imaging, which detects reduced dopamine transporter (DAT) uptake-a key biomarker in DLB diagnosis-could improve diagnostic accuracy. However, DAT imaging is underutilized despite its potential, contributing to delays and suboptimal patient management. Methods This review evaluates DLB diagnostic practices and challenges faced within the U.S. by synthesizing information from current literature, consensus guidelines, expert opinions, and recent updates on DaTscan FDA filings. It contrasts DAT SPECT with alternative biomarkers, provides recommendations for when DAT SPECT imaging may be indicated and discusses the potential of emerging biomarkers in enhancing diagnostic approaches. Results The radiopharmaceutical 123I-ioflupane for SPECT imaging was initially approved in Europe (2000) and later in the US (2011) for Parkinsonism/Essential Tremor. Its application was extended in 2022 to include the diagnosis of DLB. DaTscan's diagnostic efficacy for DLB, with its sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values, confirms its clinical utility. However, US implementation faces challenges such as insurance barriers, costs, access issues, and regional availability disparities. Conclusion 123I-ioflupane SPECT Imaging is indicated for DLB diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease, particularly in uncertain cases. Addressing diagnostic obstacles and enhancing physician-patient education could improve and expedite DLB diagnosis. Collaborative efforts among neurologists, geriatric psychiatrists, psychologists, and memory clinic staff are key to increasing diagnostic accuracy and care in DLB management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre M. O’Shea
- Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | | | - Douglas Galasko
- Department of Neurosciences, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer G. Goldman
- JPG Enterprises LLC, Chicago, IL, United States
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | | | - George Petrides
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jon B. Toledo
- Nantz National Alzheimer Center, Stanley Appel Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - James E. Galvin
- Department of Neurology, Comprehensive Center for Brain Health, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Coral Gables, FL, United States
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Dodel R, Berg D, Duning T, Kalbe E, Meyer PT, Ramirez A, Storch A, Aarsland D, Jessen F. [Dementia with Lewy bodies: old and new knowledge-Part 2: treatment]. DER NERVENARZT 2024; 95:362-367. [PMID: 38095659 PMCID: PMC11014874 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-023-01577-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is multifaceted, as motor symptoms, cognitive symptoms, behavioral and psychological symptoms can occur in different constellations. In addition, the use of certain medications is limited (e.g., neuroleptics). OBJECTIVE To summarize the main recent findings on the treatment of DLB. RESULTS To date, there is no approved therapeutic option for the treatment of patients with DLB in Germany; moreover, the evidence base for pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment is sparse. The currently consented treatment options are based on the treatment of motor symptoms in the same way as the treatment of Parkinson's disease and for behavioral symptoms based on the treatment for Alzheimer's disease. DISCUSSION The treatment of DLB with its various symptoms is difficult and often can only be adequately achieved for the patient in close cooperation with a specialist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Dodel
- Lehrstuhl für Geriatrie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstraße 171, 45147, Essen, Deutschland.
| | - Daniela Berg
- Neurologische Klinik, Universität Kiel, Kiel, Deutschland
| | - Thomas Duning
- Neurologische Klinik, Universität Münster, Münster, Deutschland
| | - Elke Kalbe
- Medizinische Psychologie, Neuropsychologie und Gender Studies & Centrum für Neuropsychologische Diagnostik und Intervention (CeNDI), Universität Köln, Köln, Deutschland
| | - Philipp T Meyer
- Klinik für Nuklearmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität Köln, Köln, Deutschland
| | - Alexander Storch
- Klinik für Neurologie, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Deutschland
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine (SESAM), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, Großbritannien
| | - Frank Jessen
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität Köln, Köln, Deutschland
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Boland E, Fitzpatrick R, Ryan D, Kane J, Betzhold S, Leroi I, Kinchin I. The high cost of care and limited evidence on cost-effective strategies for Lewy body dementia: systematic review of evidence. BJPsych Open 2024; 10:e20. [PMID: 38179602 PMCID: PMC10790215 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2023.626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lewy body dementia (LBD) is a prevalent yet frequently underdiagnosed form of dementia, accounting for up to 15% of all dementia cases. AIMS This study aims to increase awareness and advocacy for LBD by gathering and critically assessing the economic evidence, including the cost of illness and cost-effectiveness of interventions for managing LBD. METHOD A systematic literature review was undertaken with EMBASE, Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, NHS Economic Evaluation Database and EconLit. This search was supplemented by grey literature on Google Scholar and reviewing the reference lists of identified studies. The papers included in the review were published between 2008 and 2023, and involved participants with LBD (dementia with Lewy bodies or Parkinson's disease dementia), which either addressed the cost of illness or conducted an economic evaluation. RESULTS Thirteen papers were included, comprising ten cost-of-illness studies and three economic evaluations. The cost of LBD tends to be higher than that of other forms of dementia, such as Alzheimer's disease, and these costs escalate more steeply as the disease progresses. These cost differences may not be solely influenced by the subtype of dementia, but possibly also by patient characteristics like physical and cognitive abilities. Cost-effectiveness of potential interventions for LBD is limited. CONCLUSIONS Despite numerous drug trials and other interventions for dementia, very few have targeted LBD, let alone explored the cost-effectiveness of such therapies for LBD. This disparity highlights the urgent need for cost-effective strategies and interventions targeting LBD. We propose the establishment of universally accepted standards for LBD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Boland
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rachel Fitzpatrick
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dearbhail Ryan
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Joseph Kane
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, UK
| | - Sara Betzhold
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Iracema Leroi
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Irina Kinchin
- Centre for Health Policy and Management, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
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Armstrong MJ, Barnes LL. Under-Diagnosis of Dementia with Lewy Bodies in Individuals Racialized as Black: Hypotheses Regarding Potential Contributors. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:1571-1580. [PMID: 38277299 PMCID: PMC10894581 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is one of the most common degenerative dementias after Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia. DLB is under-diagnosed across populations but may be particularly missed in older Black adults. The object of this review was to examine key features of DLB and potential associations with race in order to hypothesize why DLB may be under-diagnosed in Black adults in the U.S. In terms of dementia, symptoms associated with high rates of co-pathology (e.g., AD, vascular disease) in older Black adults may obscure the clinical picture that might suggest Lewy body pathology. Research also suggests that clinicians may be predisposed to give AD dementia diagnoses to Black adults, potentially missing contributions of Lewy body pathology. Hallucinations in Black adults may be misattributed to AD or primary psychiatric disease rather than Lewy body pathology. Research on the prevalence of REM sleep behavior in diverse populations is lacking, but REM sleep behavior disorder could be under-diagnosed in Black adults due to sleep patterns or reporting by caregivers who are not bed partners. Recognition of parkinsonism could be reduced in Black adults due to clinician biases, cultural effects on self-report, and potentially underlying differences in the frequency of parkinsonism. These considerations are superimposed on structural and systemic contributions to health (e.g., socioeconomic status, education, structural racism) and individual-level social exposures (e.g., social interactions, discrimination). Improving DLB recognition in Black adults will require research to investigate reasons for diagnostic disparities and education to increase identification of core symptoms in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J. Armstrong
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- 1Florida Alzheimer Disease Research Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lisa L. Barnes
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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5
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Chunga N, Amodeo K, Braun M, Valdovinos BY, Richard IH. Effect of best practice advisory on the administration of contraindicated medications to hospitalized patients with Parkinson's disease and related disorders. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1276761. [PMID: 38173555 PMCID: PMC10764030 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1276761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the effect of a Best Practice Advisory (BPA) on the ordering and administration of contraindicated dopamine blocking agents (DBA) to hospitalized patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and related disorders. Background Patients with PD are more likely to require hospitalization and are at increased risk of complications. Administration of contraindicated DBA contributes to worsened outcomes in this patient population. Electronic medical record (EMR) warnings (also referred to as BPA) have been proposed as a way to prevent the administration of contraindicated medications. Methods A BPA was launched in January 2020 within the University of Rochester EMR system, which alerts the provider when a contraindicated DBA is ordered in hospitalized patients with PD and related disorders. Patients with PD and related disorders hospitalized at two hospitals affiliated to the University of Rochester during a time period before (t1: 1/1/2019-1/1/2020) and after (t2: 1/8/2020-1/8/2021) the implementation of the BPA were included in this study. Epic SliderDicer was used to collect the data from the University of Rochester EMR. The number of patients who had contraindicated DBA orders and administrations in both time periods, and the number of patients who had the BPA triggered during t2 were obtained. We compared the results before and after the implementation of the BPA. Results 306 patients with PD and related disorders were hospitalized during t1 and 273 during t2. There was significantly less percentage of patients who had contraindicated DBA orders (41.5% in t1 vs. 17.6% in t2) and patients who had contraindicated DBA administrations (16% in t1 vs. 8.8% in t2) during t2 (p < 0.05 for both comparisons). There was no significant difference between the percentage of patients who had contraindicated DBA orders in t1 and patients with attempted orders (BPA triggered) in t2 (p = 0.27). Conclusion The results of this study increase the evidence of the potential benefit of EMR warnings for the optimization of inpatient medication management in patients with PD and related disorders. In particular, our results suggest that EMR warnings help reduce the administration of contraindicated medications, which is a known contributing factor for hospital complications in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Chunga
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Katherine Amodeo
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Neurology, Westchester Medical Center/MidHudson Regional Hospital, Poughkeepsie, NY, United States
| | - Melanie Braun
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | | | - Irene H. Richard
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
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Kindstedt J, Glader EL, Lövheim H, Lindkvist M, Gustafsson M. The impact of nursing home residency on psychotropic drug use in major neurocognitive disorder: A nationwide comparison. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 38:e6018. [PMID: 37909144 DOI: 10.1002/gps.6018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Psychotropic drugs are utilized against neuropsychiatric symptoms among people with major neurocognitive disorder (NCD) despite well-documented risks, and older people in nursing homes are expected to be more frequently exposed to those medicines. This study compared psychotropic drug use and associated factors between older people with major NCD and matched references. METHODS This cross-sectional study included individuals from three national registries in Sweden. References were randomly matched 1:1 by age and sex from the Swedish Total Population Register. Drug use was defined as at least one prescription fill from 1 July to 31 December 2019 and presented as proportion of drug users. In addition, ORs regarding psychotropic drug use and associated factors use were analysed using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS There were 102,419 complete matching pairs alive on 31 December 2019. The proportions of psychotropic drug users were 59% in the population of people with major NCD and 28% in the reference group. Moreover, there was a substantial number of individuals in nursing homes who had been treated with antipsychotics but who, for unknown reasons, had not been diagnosed with major NCD. Psychotropic drug use was positively associated with both major NCD and nursing home residency. The difference in drug use in relation to major NCD was more pronounced among people living in ordinary homes. CONCLUSION Despite well-documented risks in people with cognitive impairment, psychotropic drug use was overall high and positively associated with both major NCD and nursing home residency. Taken together, interventions to better target neuropsychiatric symptoms in older people are warranted. Hypnotic drug use among older people in general as well as antipsychotic drug exposure among older people in nursing homes appear to be two important focus areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Kindstedt
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Eva-Lotta Glader
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hugo Lövheim
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marie Lindkvist
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maria Gustafsson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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7
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Watts KE, Storr NJ, Barr PG, Rajkumar AP. Systematic review of pharmacological interventions for people with Lewy body dementia. Aging Ment Health 2023; 27:203-216. [PMID: 35109724 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2032601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lewy body dementia (LBD) is the second most common neurodegenerative dementia, and it causes earlier mortality and more morbidity than Alzheimer's disease. Reviewing current evidence on its pharmacological management is essential for developing evidence-based clinical guidelines, and for improving the quality of its clinical care. Hence, we systematically reviewed all studies that investigated the efficacy of any medication for managing various symptoms of LBD. METHOD We identified eligible studies by searching 15 databases comprehensively. We completed quality assessment, extracted relevant data, and performed GRADE assessment of available evidence. We conducted meta-analyses when appropriate (PROSPERO:CRD42020182166). RESULTS We screened 18,884 papers and included 135 studies. Our meta-analyses confirmed level-1 evidence for Donepezil's efficacy of managing cognitive symptoms of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) (SMD = 0.63; p < 0.001) and Parkinson's Disease Dementia (PDD) (SMD = 0.43; p < 0.01), and managing hallucinations in DLB (SMD=-0.52; p = 0.02). Rivastigmine and Memantine have level-2 evidence for managing cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms of DLB. Olanzapine and Yokukansan have similar evidence for managing DLB neuropsychiatric symptoms. Level-2 evidence support the efficacy of Rivastigmine and Galantamine for managing cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms of PDD. CONCLUSION We list evidence-based recommendations for the pharmacological management of DLB and PDD, and propose specific clinical guidelines for improving their clinical management. UNLABELLED Supplemental data for this article can be accessed online at https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2022.2032601 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina E Watts
- Institute of Mental Health, Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences academic unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Nicholas J Storr
- Institute of Mental Health, Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences academic unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Phoebe G Barr
- Institute of Mental Health, Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences academic unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anto P Rajkumar
- Institute of Mental Health, Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences academic unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Mental Health Services of Older People, Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Nottingham, UK
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8
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Tholanikunnel T, Chapin B, Armstrong M. Prodromal Dementia with Lewy Bodies: A Case Series of the 3 Prodromal Types from Clinical Practice. Case Rep Neurol 2023; 15:199-206. [PMID: 37933327 PMCID: PMC10625810 DOI: 10.1159/000533378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) refers to a state prior to the onset of dementia with clinical signs or symptoms that may indicate the future development of DLB. Prodromal symptoms can include not only cognitive deficits but also a mix of clinical features including sleep disorders, autonomic dysfunction, and neuro-psychiatric disturbances. While diagnostic criteria for the subtypes of prodromal DLB were recently published, they are largely used in research settings. However, these criteria have important implications for clinical practice. Recognition of prodromal DLB stages can lead to identifying deficits sooner, improved patient and family counseling, and advance care planning. This case series presents examples of the 3 subtypes of prodromal DLB - mild cognitive impairment onset, delirium onset, and psychiatric onset - to help clinicians identify individuals who may be on a trajectory to develop DLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Tholanikunnel
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- UF Health Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Benjamin Chapin
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Melissa Armstrong
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- UF Health Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Frazer M, Rashid N, Bunner S, Skoog B, Abler V. Burden of Illness Among Patients with Psychosis due to Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Other Dementias. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2023; 38:15333175231163521. [PMID: 36893766 PMCID: PMC10578523 DOI: 10.1177/15333175231163521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Limited research is available on the real-world experiences of patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). This study evaluated clinical events, healthcare utilization, and healthcare costs of patients with DLB vs other dementia types with psychosis (ODP). Study patients included commercial and Medicare Advantage with Part D enrollees aged ≥40 years with evidence of DLB and ODP from 6/01/2015‒5/31/2019. Compared with patients with ODP, more patients with DLB had clinical events including anticholinergic effects, neurologic effects, and cognitive decline. Patients with DLB used more healthcare resources with greater dementia-related office and outpatient visits and psychosis-related inpatient stays and office, outpatient, and emergency visits compared with their ODP patient counterparts. Patients with DLB also incurred higher healthcare costs for all-cause and dementia-related office visits and pharmacy fills, and psychosis-related total costs. Understanding the clinical and economic impact of DLB and ODP is important to improve care for patients with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ben Skoog
- Acadia Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, USA
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10
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Ramm RM, Lerner ZI, Levy-Meeks GS, Burke RV, Raven MC, Song A, Glass MH. A Case Report of Treatment-Resistant Agitation in Dementia with Lewy Bodies: Medical Marijuana as an Alternative to Antipsychotics. J Palliat Med 2022; 26:737-740. [PMID: 36576970 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2022.0343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Palliative care teams are often consulted to assist in treating persistent dementia-related behavioral issues. Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) offers an alternative to traditional antipsychotic drugs in the long-term management of dementia with behavioral change. We present the case of an 85-year-old man with dementia with Lewy bodies with worsening aggression refractory to antipsychotic management. Multiple regimens of antipsychotics failed both in the outpatient and inpatient settings. After exhausting other options and in the setting of worsening agitation, a tincture of THC was prescribed. After starting THC tincture, the patient's behavior rapidly improved, and he was discharged home to the care of his spouse. The challenges of prescribing and obtaining THC are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Ramm
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Zachary I Lerner
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Garrett S Levy-Meeks
- Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Houston School of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rebecca V Burke
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Mary C Raven
- Medical Director, Palliative Medicine Program, Our Lady of the Lake Regional Medical Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Amanda Song
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Marcia H Glass
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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Fischer CE, Namasivayam A, Crawford-Holland L, Hakobyan N, Schweizer TA, Munoz DG, Pollock BG. Psychotic Disorders in the Elderly: Diagnosis, Epidemiology, and Treatment. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2022; 45:691-705. [PMID: 36396273 DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This review covers the latest advances in our understanding of psychosis in the elderly population with respect to diagnosis, epidemiology, and treatment. Major topics of discussion include late life psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and delusional disorder as well as dementia-related psychosis. Clinical differences between early-onset and late-onset disorders are reviewed in terms of prevalence, symptomatology, and approach to treatment. Newly revised research and clinical criteria for dementia-related psychosis are referenced. The evidence base for emerging therapies including citalopram and pimavanserin in relation to conventional therapies such as atypical antipsychotics are discussed..
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne E Fischer
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Room 17044 cc wing, St. Michaels Hospital, #30 Bond St., Toronto, Ontario, M5B1W8, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada.
| | - Andrew Namasivayam
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lucas Crawford-Holland
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Room 17044 cc wing, St. Michaels Hospital, #30 Bond St., Toronto, Ontario, M5B1W8, Canada
| | - Narek Hakobyan
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Room 17044 cc wing, St. Michaels Hospital, #30 Bond St., Toronto, Ontario, M5B1W8, Canada
| | - Tom A Schweizer
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Room 17044 cc wing, St. Michaels Hospital, #30 Bond St., Toronto, Ontario, M5B1W8, Canada; St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - David G Munoz
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Room 17044 cc wing, St. Michaels Hospital, #30 Bond St., Toronto, Ontario, M5B1W8, Canada; St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bruce G Pollock
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada; Toronto Dementia Research Alliance, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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12
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Exploring the Sensitivity of Prodromal Dementia with Lewy Bodies Research Criteria. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12121594. [PMID: 36552054 PMCID: PMC9775171 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is an insidious neurodegenerative disease characterised by a precipitous decline in cognition, sleep disturbances, motor impairment and psychiatric features. Recently, criteria for prodromal DLB (pDLB) including clinical features and biomarkers have been put forward to aid the classification and research of this ambiguous cohort of patients. Researchers can use these criteria to classify patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with Lewy bodies (MCI-LB) as either possible (either one core clinical feature or one biomarker are present) or probable pDLB (at least two core clinical features, or one core clinical feature and at least one biomarker present). However, as isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD) confirmed with polysomnography (PSG) can be included as both a clinical and a biomarker feature, potentially reducing the specificity of these diagnostic criteria. To address this issue, the current study classified a cohort of 47 PSG-confirmed iRBD patients as probable prodromal DLB only in the presence of an additional core feature or if there was an additional non-PSG biomarker. Thirteen iRBD patients demonstrated MCI (iRBD-MCI). In the iRBD-MCI group, one presented with parkinsonism and was thus classified as probable pDLB, whilst the remaining 12 were classified as only possible pDLB. All patients performed three tasks designed to measure attentional deficits, visual hallucinations and visuospatial impairment. Patients also attended clinical follow-ups to monitor for transition to DLB or another synucleinopathy. Findings indicated that the only patient categorised by virtue of having two core clinical features as probable pDLB transitioned over 28 months to a diagnosis of DLB. The performance of this probable pDLB patient was also ranked second-highest for their hallucinatory behaviours and had comparatively lower visuospatial accuracy. These findings highlight the need for more stringent diagnostic research criteria for pDLB, given that only one of the 13 patients who would have satisfied the current guidelines for probable pDLB transitioned to DLB after two years and was indeed the patient with two orthogonal core clinical features.
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Abadir A, Dalton R, Zheng W, Pincavitch J, Tripathi R. Neuroleptic Sensitivity in Dementia with Lewy Body and Use of Pimavanserin in an Inpatient Setting: A Case Report. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2022; 23:e937397. [PMID: 36282782 PMCID: PMC9619381 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.937397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antidopaminergic medications, including antipsychotics, are known to worsen motor and neuropsychiatric symptoms, including cognition and psychosis, in patients with dementia with Lewy body (DLB). The intensity of worsened clinical symptoms may vary and can result in mortality in certain situations. There have been some reports supporting clozapine, quetiapine and pimavanserin use in psychosis control in this population. CASE REPORT We describe the case of 75-year-old man with diagnosis of DLB and the post-treatment outcome with olanzapine for psychosis during hospitalization. He experienced worsened cognitive and motor functions. Discontinuation of olanzapine resulted in resolution of the clinical worsening. Further, re-initiation of Pimavanserin helped treat his hallucinations. He returned back to his baseline during a follow-up visit in the clinic at 1 month after discharge. Further, we incorporated the use of Best Practice Alert (BPA) as a part of the electronic health record (EHR) system to help providers identify patients prone to neuroleptic sensitivity and help select appropriate medications to treat psychosis in this patient population. CONCLUSIONS Administration of antipsychotics in patients with parkinsonism, especially DLB, requires close clinical monitoring and judicious use. Awareness of morbidity and mortality associated with such use is of importance, especially during hospitalization. From our experience, we incorporated use of BPA, which can help providers make judicious choices while treating this patient population. Pimavanserin, which is FDA-approved for psychosis in Parkinson's disease, could be a potential safe and effective treatment option in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Abadir
- Department of Psychiatry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Ryder Dalton
- West Virginia School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Wanhong Zheng
- Department of Psychiatry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jami Pincavitch
- Department of Orthopedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Richa Tripathi
- Department of Neurology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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14
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Richardson S, Lawson RA, Price A, Taylor JP. Challenges in diagnosis and management of delirium in Lewy body disease. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2022; 147:475-480. [PMID: 36281704 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delirium is an acute onset and fluctuating impairment of cognition, attention and arousal, often precipitated by acute illness. Lewy body disease (LBD) is an umbrella term for a range of clinical conditions, including Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). People living with LBD seem to be more susceptible to delirium than those with other subtypes of dementia. AIM To describe the challenges in clinical diagnosis and management of LBD. METHODS A systematic review of published literature on diagnosis and management of delirium in LBD. RESULTS Delirium is particularly challenging to diagnose in LBD as many of the clinical characteristics which define delirium such as inattention, fluctuating arousal, complex visual hallucinations and delusions, are also common to LBD. Distinguishing delirium from LBD can be very difficult clinically especially in the prodromal stages. Both under and over diagnosis of delirium, and under and over treatment of the symptoms have the potential to compromise the care and safety of people with a diagnosed or undiagnosed LBD. Clinicians are currently working with an extremely limited set of evidence-based management options for those with delirium in the context of a LBD diagnosis. For patients with LBD and their families this is an area of clinical practice that needs focused research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Richardson
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Rachael A Lawson
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Annabel Price
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Psychological Medicine, Cambridgeshire and Peterborough Foundation NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - John-Paul Taylor
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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15
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Orsolini L, Corona D, Salvi V, Volpe U. Long-acting paliperidone in Ekbom’s syndrome in Lewy body dementia: A case report. Transl Neurosci 2022; 13:201-210. [PMID: 35975126 PMCID: PMC9334881 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ekbom Syndrome (ES) is characterised by fixed, delusional beliefs that one’s body is infested by parasites or other vermin in absence of supporting clinical evidence. Antipsychotic (AP) treatment, including long-acting injectable (LAI) AP in subjects with poor compliance, is prescribed to manage behavioural and psychotic symptomatology. Objectives We describe a 70-year-old woman who was hospitalised after experiencing new-onset delusions of infestation with visual and tactile hallucinations that led to bizarre behaviours and progressive social withdrawal. Methods She was diagnosed with ES and was initially treated with risperidone 3 mg; however, due to poor compliance and a lack of insight, she was switched to LAI palmitate paliperidone (LAI-PP). She was followed up for 8 months, administering Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Global Assessment of Functioning, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, neurocognitive assessment, and neuroimaging. Results After a progressive cognitive deterioration, she was diagnosed with an ES secondary to Lewy body dementia (DLB). Conclusion The LAI-PP treatment determined a complete clinical remission of psychotic symptoms despite the emergence of an iatrogenic akinetic-rigid syndrome. The delay of confirmatory neurological diagnosis, the associated risky behaviours of the patient, and poor treatment adherence led clinicians to prescribe LAI-PP following a good clinical response to oral paliperidone. However, in the case of a suspected DLB diagnosis, the prescription of an LAI-PP as a first-line strategy should be carefully evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Orsolini
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences/DIMSC, Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, Polytechnic University of Marche , 60126 , Ancona , Italy
| | - Diana Corona
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences/DIMSC, Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, Polytechnic University of Marche , 60126 , Ancona , Italy
| | - Virginio Salvi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences/DIMSC, Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, Polytechnic University of Marche , 60126 , Ancona , Italy
| | - Umberto Volpe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences/DIMSC, Unit of Clinical Psychiatry, Polytechnic University of Marche , 60126 , Ancona , Italy
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16
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Rangfast I, Sönnerstam E, Gustafsson M. Prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications among old people with major neurocognitive disorder in 2012 and 2017. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:544. [PMID: 35773643 PMCID: PMC9245287 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03240-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The increased risk of adverse drug reactions due to age-related altered pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics is a challenge when prescribing medications to older people, and especially among older people with major neurocognitive disorder who are particularly sensitive to drug effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of potential inappropriate medications (PIMs) in 2012 and 2017 among old people with major neurocognitive disorder. A secondary aim was to investigate factors associated with PIM use. Methods This register-study was based on the Swedish registry for cognitive/dementia disorders and the Swedish prescribed drug register. Criteria from the National Board of Health and Welfare were used to identify PIMs between 1 July–31 December 2012 and 1 July-–31 December 2017 among people ≥ 65 years. Drug use was defined as one or more filled prescriptions during each timeframe. Results The total use of PIMs declined significantly between 2012 (28.7%) and 2017 (21.7%). All PIMs and PIM groups declined between these years, except for antipsychotic drugs, which increased from 11.6% to 12.3%. The results from the multiple regression model found that PIM use was associated with younger age (OR: 0.97 CI: 0.96–0.97), a lower Mini Mental State Examination score (OR: 0.99 CI: 0.99–1.00), the use of multi-dispensed drugs (OR: 2.05 CI: 1.93–2.18), and compared to Alzheimer’s disease, with the subtypes dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson’s disease dementia (OR: 1.57 CI: 1.40–1.75), frontotemporal dementia (OR: 1.29 CI: 1.08–1.54) and vascular dementia (OR: 1.10 CI: 1.03–1.16). Conclusions Overall, the use of PIMs decreased between the years 2012 and 2017. The increase of antipsychotic drugs and the association between PIM use and multi-dispensed drugs warrant concern. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-022-03240-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Rangfast
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Eva Sönnerstam
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maria Gustafsson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
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17
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Bousiges O, Blanc F. Biomarkers of Dementia with Lewy Bodies: Differential Diagnostic with Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126371. [PMID: 35742814 PMCID: PMC9223587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) is a common form of cognitive neurodegenerative disease. Only one third of patients are correctly diagnosed due to the clinical similarity mainly with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this review, we evaluate the interest of different biomarkers: cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), brain MRI, FP-CIT SPECT, MIBG SPECT, PET by focusing more specifically on differential diagnosis between DLB and AD. FP-CIT SPECT is of high interest to discriminate DLB and AD, but not at the prodromal stage (i.e., MCI). MIBG SPECT with decreased cardiac sympathetic activity, perfusion SPECT with occipital hypoperfusion, FDG PET with occipital hypometabolism and cingulate island signs are of interest at the dementia stage but with a lower validity. Brain MRI has shown differences in group study with lower grey matter concentration of the Insula in prodromal DLB, but its interest in clinical routines is not demonstrated. Concerning CSF biomarkers, many studies have already examined the relevance of AD biomarkers but also alpha-synuclein assays in DLB, so we will focus as comprehensively as possible on other biomarkers (especially those that do not appear to be directly related to synucleinopathy) that may be of interest in the differential diagnosis between AD and DLB. Furthermore, we would like to highlight the growing interest in CSF synuclein RT-QuIC, which seems to be an excellent discrimination tool but its application in clinical routine remains to be demonstrated, given the non-automation of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Bousiges
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University Hospital of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Team IMIS, ICube Laboratory UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), University of Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
- CM2R (Research and Resources Memory Centre), Geriatrics Department, Day Hospital and Cognitive-Behavioral Unit University Hospitals of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Frédéric Blanc
- Team IMIS, ICube Laboratory UMR 7357 and FMTS (Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg), University of Strasbourg and CNRS, 67000 Strasbourg, France;
- CM2R (Research and Resources Memory Centre), Geriatrics Department, Day Hospital and Cognitive-Behavioral Unit University Hospitals of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
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18
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Brandt T, Frangiosa T, Biggar V, Taylor A, Valentine J, Keller B, Price M, DeMuro C, Abler V. Symptoms and Treatment Needs of People with Dementia-Related Psychosis: A Mixed-Methods Study of the Patient Experience. Clin Gerontol 2022; 45:681-695. [PMID: 34369313 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2021.1957050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study describes the person-centered experience and impact of symptoms and the treatment needs of dementia-related psychosis (DRP) from a patient and care partner perspective. METHODS Qualitative interviews and a quantitative survey were used to collect patient experience data from persons with DRP or their care partners. RESULTS Sixteen participants (1 person with DRP, 15 care partners) completed the qualitative interview; 212 participants (26 persons with DRP, 186 care partners) completed the quantitative survey. The most commonly reported symptoms were visual hallucinations, auditory hallucinations, persecutory delusions, and distortion of senses. The most common impacts were difficulty differentiating what is real from what is not real, increased anxiety, and effects on personal relationships. Current treatments were less than moderately helpful, and the ability to distinguish what is real from what is not real and overall symptom improvement were described as the most important benefits of an ideal treatment. CONCLUSIONS Patient experience data provide insights into urgent therapeutic needs of patients by describing the nature, frequency, and severity of symptoms and the impacts they have on individuals' lives. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Patient experience data demonstrate an unmet need for treatments to reduce the symptoms and impacts of DRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Brandt
- Acadia Pharmaceuticals Inc, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | | | - Angela Taylor
- Lewy Body Dementia Association, Lilburn, Georgia, USA
| | - James Valentine
- Hyman, Phelps & McNamara, P.C, Washington, DC, USA.,Carey School of Law, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bill Keller
- Acadia Pharmaceuticals Inc, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Mark Price
- RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carla DeMuro
- RTI Health Solutions, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Victor Abler
- Acadia Pharmaceuticals Inc, San Diego, California, USA
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19
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Suzuki Y, Suzuki M, Shigenobu K, Shinosaki K, Aoki Y, Kikuchi H, Baba T, Hashimoto M, Araki T, Johnsen K, Ikeda M, Mori E. A prospective multicenter validation study of a machine learning algorithm classifier on quantitative electroencephalogram for differentiating between dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer’s dementia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265484. [PMID: 35358240 PMCID: PMC8970386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose
An early and accurate diagnosis of Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is critical because treatments and prognosis of DLB are different from Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study was carried out in Japan to validate an Electroencephalography (EEG)-derived machine learning algorithm for discriminating DLB from AD which developed based on a database of EEG records from two different European countries.
Methods
In a prospective multicenter study, patients with probable DLB or with probable AD were enrolled in a 1:1 ratio. A continuous EEG segment of 150 seconds was recorded, and the EEG data was processed using MC-004, the EEG-based machine learning algorithm, with all clinical information blinded except for age and gender.
Results
Eighteen patients with probable DLB and 21 patients with probable AD were the included for the analysis. The performance of MC-004 differentiating probable DLB from probable AD was 72.2% (95% CI 46.5–90.3%) for sensitivity, 85.7% (63.7–97.0%) for specificity, and 79.5% (63.5–90.7%) for accuracy. When limiting to subjects taking ≤5 mg donepezil, the sensitivity was 83.3% (95% CI 51.6–97.9), the specificity 89.5% (66.9–98.7), and the accuracy 87.1% (70.2–96.4).
Conclusions
MC-004, the EEG-based machine learning algorithm, was able to discriminate between DLB and AD with fairly high accuracy. MC-004 is a promising biomarker for DLB, and has the potential to improve the detection of DLB in a diagnostic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Suzuki
- Department of Behavioral Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Maki Suzuki
- Department of Behavioral Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazue Shigenobu
- Department of Behavioral Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Asakayama General Hospital, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Shinosaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Asakayama General Hospital, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasunori Aoki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nippon Life Hospital, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kikuchi
- Division of Neurology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Toru Baba
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Sendai Nishitaga Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mamoru Hashimoto
- Department of Behavioral Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osakasayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Araki
- Division of Medical Technology, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Manabu Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Etsuro Mori
- Department of Behavioral Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Psychiatry, Nippon Life Hospital, Osaka, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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20
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Maneval J, Woods JK, Feany MB, Miller MB, Silbersweig DA, Gale SA, Daffner KR, McGinnis SM. Case Study 3: A 58-Year-Old Woman Referred for Evaluation of Suspected Alzheimer Dementia. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2022; 34:307-315. [PMID: 36239480 PMCID: PMC9823288 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20220113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Maneval
- Department of Neurology (Maneval, Silbersweig, Gale, Daffner, McGinnis) and Department of Psychiatry (Silbersweig), Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, and Department of Pathology (Woods, Feany, Miller), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (McGinnis)
| | - Jared K. Woods
- Department of Neurology (Maneval, Silbersweig, Gale, Daffner, McGinnis) and Department of Psychiatry (Silbersweig), Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, and Department of Pathology (Woods, Feany, Miller), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (McGinnis)
| | - Mel B. Feany
- Department of Neurology (Maneval, Silbersweig, Gale, Daffner, McGinnis) and Department of Psychiatry (Silbersweig), Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, and Department of Pathology (Woods, Feany, Miller), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (McGinnis)
| | - Michael B. Miller
- Department of Neurology (Maneval, Silbersweig, Gale, Daffner, McGinnis) and Department of Psychiatry (Silbersweig), Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, and Department of Pathology (Woods, Feany, Miller), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (McGinnis)
| | - David A. Silbersweig
- Department of Neurology (Maneval, Silbersweig, Gale, Daffner, McGinnis) and Department of Psychiatry (Silbersweig), Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, and Department of Pathology (Woods, Feany, Miller), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (McGinnis)
| | - Seth A. Gale
- Department of Neurology (Maneval, Silbersweig, Gale, Daffner, McGinnis) and Department of Psychiatry (Silbersweig), Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, and Department of Pathology (Woods, Feany, Miller), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (McGinnis)
| | - Kirk R. Daffner
- Department of Neurology (Maneval, Silbersweig, Gale, Daffner, McGinnis) and Department of Psychiatry (Silbersweig), Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, and Department of Pathology (Woods, Feany, Miller), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (McGinnis)
| | - Scott M. McGinnis
- Department of Neurology (Maneval, Silbersweig, Gale, Daffner, McGinnis) and Department of Psychiatry (Silbersweig), Center for Brain/Mind Medicine, and Department of Pathology (Woods, Feany, Miller), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (McGinnis)
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21
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Taomoto D, Kanemoto H, Satake Y, Yoshiyama K, Iwase M, Hashimoto M, Ikeda M. Case report: Delusional infestation in dementia with Lewy bodies. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1051067. [PMID: 36440429 PMCID: PMC9686401 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1051067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delusional infestation is characterized by delusions of being infested with parasites, vermin, or small insects and is frequently accompanied by tactile and visual hallucinations. Herein, we report two cases of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) with delusional infestation. CASE PRESENTATION Case 1 was an 83-year-old man. At the age of 75, he began to show symptoms of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. At the age of 83, he began to complain of visual hallucinations of people and delusional infestation with tactile and visual hallucinations of insects, resulting in the use of insecticides for non-existent insects. He also complained of mild amnesia and was admitted to our psychiatric ward for evaluation and treatment. After admission, the delusional infestation disappeared without any new medication. Based on our examinations, he was diagnosed with probable DLB with delusional infestation. He was treated with 5 mg/day of donepezil hydrochloride; his visual and tactile hallucinations disappeared, and the delusional infestation had not recurred at the 1-year follow-up. Case 2 was a 69-year-old woman. At the age of 60, she underwent clipping for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). At the age of 65, she began to have visual hallucinations of people. At the age of 67, she began to complain of visual illusions in which she mistook lint for insects. At the age of 69, she developed delusional infestation and mild amnesia. She took various actions to get rid of these non-existent insects, including insecticide use, consulting an exterminator, and visiting several dermatologists. She eventually burnt her leg in an attempt to kill the non-existent insects. Based on our examinations, she was diagnosed with prodromal DLB in addition to SAH sequelae. We determined that her delusional infestation was caused by DLB rather than SAH sequelae based on the course of her symptoms. She was treated with a combination of 3 mg/day of donepezil hydrochloride and 12.5 mg/day of quetiapine. Thereafter, the delusional infestation partially improved, and she took no further action against non-existent insects. CONCLUSION Delusional infestation may be caused by DLB. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) may be effective for delusional infestation in DLB, although antipsychotics may also be needed in severe cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Taomoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Hideki Kanemoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuto Satake
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Kenji Yoshiyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Masao Iwase
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Mamoru Hashimoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Manabu Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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22
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Payne S, Shofer JB, Shutes-David A, Li G, Jankowski A, Dean P, Tsuang D. Correlates of Conversion from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Dementia with Lewy Bodies: Data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 86:1643-1654. [PMID: 35213374 PMCID: PMC9536845 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) miss out on the best standards of care and psychosocial support due to diagnostic delays or inaccuracies following symptom onset. OBJECTIVE This study seeks to identify baseline characteristics in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) that correlate with eventual conversion to DLB or Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS Baseline neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric data were analyzed in National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center participants who completed the Uniform Data Set between 2006 and 2020 and subsequently converted from MCI to DLB or AD (n = 1632). RESULTS Only 6% of participants with MCI converted to DLB. Among those who converted to DLB, multidomain amnestic MCI (aMCI) was the most common subtype at study entry. As part of logistic regression analyses, odds ratios (ORs) were estimated for conversion to DLB versus AD based on study-entry characteristics, adjusting for age, sex, education, and years to diagnosis. The strongest predictors of conversion to DLB (p≤0.0001) were nonamnestic MCI versus aMCI (OR 8.2, CI [5.0, 14]), multidomain MCI versus single-domain MCI (OR 2.7, CI [1.7. 4.2]), male sex (OR 4.2, CI [2.5, 7.1]), and presence of nighttime behaviors (OR 4.4 CI [2.8, 6.9]). CONCLUSION A diagnosis of prodromal DLB should be considered in individuals with MCI who present with prominent executive/visuospatial deficits, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and less memory impairment. Early diagnosis of DLB may guide treatment planning, including the avoidance of antipsychotic medications in patients who develop psychotic symptoms, caregiver support, and initiation of early treatment(s) once medications become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Payne
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jane B. Shofer
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Andrew Shutes-David
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ge Li
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Adrienne Jankowski
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Pamela Dean
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Mental Health Service, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Debby Tsuang
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Correspondence to: Debby Tsuang, MD, MS, VA Puget Sound, Health Care System, 1660 S Columbian Way, MS-182, Seattle WA, 98108, USA. Tel.: +1 206 277 1333;
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Zhou S, Meng Q, Li L, Hai L, Wang Z, Li Z, Sun Y. Identification of a Qualitative Signature for the Diagnosis of Dementia With Lewy Bodies. Front Genet 2021; 12:758103. [PMID: 34868234 PMCID: PMC8640079 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.758103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: Diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is highly challenging, primarily due to a lack of valid and reliable diagnostic tools. To date, there is no report of qualitative signature for the diagnosis of DLB. We aimed to develop a blood-based qualitative signature for differentiating DLB patients from healthy controls. Methods: The GSE120584 dataset was downloaded from the public database Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). We combined multiple methods to select features based on the within-sample relative expression orderings (REOs) of microRNA (miRNA) pairs. Specifically, we first quickly selected miRNA pairs related to DLB by identifying reversal stable miRNA pairs. Then, an optimal miRNA pair subset was extracted by random forest (RF) and support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) methods. Furthermore, we applied logistic regression (LR) and SVM to build several prediction models. The model performance was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. Lastly, we conducted bioinformatics analyses to explore the molecular mechanisms of the discovered miRNAs. Results: A qualitative signature consisted of 17 miRNA pairs and two clinical factors was identified for discriminating DLB patients from healthy controls. The signature is robust against experimental batch effects and applicable at the individual levels. The accuracies of the-signature-based models on the test set are 82.61 and 79.35%, respectively, indicating that the signature has acceptable discrimination performance. Moreover, bioinformatics analyses revealed that predicted target genes were enriched in 11 Go terms and 2 KEGG pathways. Moreover, five potential hub genes were found for DLB, including SRF, MAPK1, YWHAE, RPS6KA3, and KDM7A. Conclusion: This study provided a blood-based qualitative signature with the potential to be used as an effective tool to improve the accuracy of DLB diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Central Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qingchun Meng
- Central Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lingyu Li
- Central Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Luo Hai
- Central Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zexuan Wang
- Central Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhicheng Li
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingli Sun
- Central Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
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Rahman S. Characterizing the long-term cognitive impairment following delirium episodes: A call to action. Aging Med (Milton) 2021; 4:294-296. [PMID: 34964010 PMCID: PMC8711214 DOI: 10.1002/agm2.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The possible link between delirium and a long-term cognitive impairment is significant for patients, carers, and clinicians. To make progress, we need urgently novel advances in understanding the neural substrates underlying this cognitive impairment and any accompanying behavioral symptoms.
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25
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Psychotropic drug use among older people with major neurocognitive disorder: a cross-sectional study based on Swedish national registries. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2021; 78:477-487. [PMID: 34738182 PMCID: PMC8818624 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-021-03241-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Psychotropic medications include many drugs that may be inappropriate for older individuals with cognitive impairment. In Sweden, many people become registered in the Swedish Dementia Registry when they are diagnosed with major neurocognitive disorder (NCD). In this study, we aim to describe psychotropic drug use and associated factors among older Swedish people with major NCD. METHODS This study included 38,251 people ≥ 65 years from the Swedish registry for cognitive/dementia disorders diagnosed during 2007-2017. Drug use was defined as one or more filled prescription(s) recorded in the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register during 1 July to 31 December 2017. Associations between psychotropics and age, sex, diagnosis date, Mini-Mental State Examination score and major NCD subtype were analysed through multiple logistic regression. RESULTS We found that 12.0% of the individuals filled at least one prescription for antipsychotics, 22.0% for anxiolytics, 23.0% for sedatives or hypnotics, 43.2% for antidepressants and 56.7% for antidementia drugs. In brief, psychotropic use was associated with female sex, higher age, longer time since diagnosis and specific subtypes of major NCD; the strongest association was found between antipsychotics and Lewy body dementia (odds ratio 2.40, 95% confidence interval 2.04-2.82). CONCLUSION Psychotropic drugs were frequently dispensed among older Swedish people with major NCD. The use of antipsychotics and medications with sedative properties warrants concern, especially among those with Lewy body dementia who are severely sensitive to antipsychotics. A more restrictive prescribing pattern regarding these medications might reduce the risk of drug-related problems in this vulnerable group of people.
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26
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Frings L, Heimbach B, Meyer PT, Hellwig S. Intrinsic Alertness Is Impaired in Patients with Nigrostriatal Degeneration: A Prospective Study with Reference to [123I]FP-CIT SPECT and [18F]FDG PET. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 78:1721-1729. [PMID: 33216022 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variations in alertness and attention are common in Lewy body diseases (LBD) and among the core features of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Dopamine transporter SPECT is an accurate biomarker of nigrostriatal degeneration (NSD) in LBD. OBJECTIVE The present study investigated performance on a computerized alertness test as a potential measure of attention in patients with NSD compared to patients without NSD. METHODS Thirty-six patients with cognitive impairment plus at least one core feature of DLB referred for [123I]FP-CIT SPECT imaging were prospectively recruited. Performance in a computerized test of intrinsic alertness was compared between patients with and those without NSD as assessed by [123I]FP-CIT SPECT. RESULTS Reaction times to auditory stimuli (adjusted for age, sex, and education) were significantly longer in patients with NSD compared to those with a normal [123I]FP-CIT SPECT scan (p < 0.05). Statistical analyses revealed no significant differences comparing reaction times to visual stimuli or dispersion of reaction times between groups. Exploratory analysis in a subgroup of patients with available [18F]FDG PET revealed that longer reaction times were associated with decreased glucose metabolism in the prefrontal cortex (statistical parametric mapping, adjusted for age and sex; p < 0.005, cluster extent > 50 voxels). CONCLUSION Computerized assessment of auditory reaction times is able to detect alertness deficits in patients with NSD and might help to measure alertness deficits in patients with LBD and NSD. Future studies in larger samples are needed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of computerized alertness assessment for the differential diagnosis of LBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Frings
- Center of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Heimbach
- Center of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp T Meyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Hellwig
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
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Ammar MA, Ammar AA, Cheung CC, Akhtar S. Pharmacological Adjuncts to Palliation in the Trauma Patient: Optimal Symptom Management. CURRENT TRAUMA REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s40719-021-00215-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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28
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Macfarlane S, Atee M, Morris T, Cunningham C. When responsive and reactive meet organic? Treatment implications of language use in the era of #BanBPSD. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2021; 36:1299-1303. [PMID: 33779007 PMCID: PMC8453926 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The aetiopathogenesis of behaviours and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) is often subjective, complex and multifaceted, produced by an array of contributing factors, including biomedical, psychological, environmental and/or social factors. Alongside other contributing factors, organic aetiology of BPSD should be considered when devising therapeutic management plans. Although considered last resort, time‐limited antipsychotic treatment (≤3 months) may have a vital adjunct role in managing intractable, refractory, distressing and/or life‐threatening BPSD, such as delusions and hallucinations; but only after person‐centred psychosocial interventions are exhausted and fail to deliver any therapeutic response. If prescribed, careful monitoring of therapeutic responses and adverse effects of antipsychotics with de‐prescribing plans should be a top priority, as these agents have limited efficacies and serious adverse outcomes (e.g., mortality).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Macfarlane
- The Dementia CentreHammondCareSt LeonardsNew South WalesAustralia,Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Mustafa Atee
- The Dementia CentreHammondCareWembleyWestern AustraliaAustralia,Curtin Medical SchoolFaculty of Health SciencesCurtin UniversityBentleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Thomas Morris
- The Dementia CentreHammondCareSt LeonardsNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Colm Cunningham
- The Dementia CentreHammondCareSt LeonardsNew South WalesAustralia,School of Public Health & Community MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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29
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Armstrong MJ, Alliance S, Corsentino P, Lunde A, Taylor A. Informal caregiver experiences at the end-of-life of individuals living with dementia with Lewy bodies: An interview study. DEMENTIA 2021; 21:287-303. [PMID: 34340591 DOI: 10.1177/14713012211038428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) commonly die from dementia-related causes, but little is known regarding caregiver experiences during the end-of-life period in DLB. This reflects a critical knowledge gap given the high frequency of informal caregiving for individuals with dementia, high caregiver burden in DLB, and the fact that most individuals with DLB die from this disease. Investigators conducted telephone interviews with family members of individuals who died with DLB in the last 5 years. Investigators used a qualitative descriptive approach to analyze interview transcripts. Participants included 15 children, 13 spouses, and 2 other family members. Interviews averaged 31 min. Major themes included caregivers as the main drivers of care for individuals with DLB throughout the disease course and at the end of life, the impact of DLB features (e.g., fluctuations, hallucinations, and delusions) on end-of-life experiences, experiences relating to the caregiving role, death and post-death experiences, and supports employed by caregivers in the end-of-life period. End-of-life experiences for caregivers of individuals with DLB built on the accumulated burden of the disease course, where caregivers were often responsible for driving DLB care-from making the diagnosis to educating healthcare professionals and double-checking medical decisions. While some end-of-life experiences were consistent with those described in dementia palliative care more generally (e.g., financial stresses, poor sleep, being overwhelmed, and needing increased education and support), many DLB features specifically affected end-of-life caregiver experiences, such as the presence of delusions. Improving caregiver experiences at the end of life in DLB will require improved diagnosis and care for individuals with DLB throughout the disease course and also better strategies for treating behavioral symptoms. More research is needed regarding drivers of quality end-of-life experiences for individuals with DLB and their families and how drivers and strategies may differ between dementias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Armstrong
- Department of Neurology, 12233University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.,McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Slande Alliance
- Department of Neurology, 12233University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Angela Lunde
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Huq AJ, Sexton A, Lacaze P, Masters CL, Storey E, Velakoulis D, James PA, Winship IM. Genetic testing in dementia-A medical genetics perspective. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2021; 36:1158-1170. [PMID: 33779003 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE When a genetic cause is suspected in a person with dementia, it creates unique diagnostic and management challenges to the treating clinician. Many clinicians may be unaware of the practicalities surrounding genetic testing for their patients, such as when to test and what tests to use and how to counsel patients and their families. This review was conducted to provide guidance to clinicians caring for patients with dementia regarding clinically relevant genetics. METHODS We searched PubMed for studies that involved genetics of dementia up to March 2020. Patient file reviews were also conducted to create composite cases. RESULTS In addition to families where a strong Mendelian pattern of family history is seen, people with younger age of onset, especially before the age of 65 years were found to be at an increased risk of harbouring a genetic cause for their dementia. This review discusses some of the most common genetic syndromes, including Alzheimer disease, frontotemporal dementia, vascular dementia, Parkinson disease dementia/dementia with Lewy bodies and some rarer types of genetic dementias, along with illustrative clinical case studies. This is followed by a brief review of the current genetic technologies and a discussion on the unique genetic counselling issues in dementia. CONCLUSIONS Inclusion of genetic testing in the diagnostic pathway in some patients with dementia could potentially reduce the time taken to diagnose the cause of their dementia. Although a definite advantage as an addition to the diagnostic repository, genetic testing has many pros and cons which need to be carefully considered first.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamira J Huq
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adrienne Sexton
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Lacaze
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- Neurosciences, The Florey Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elsdon Storey
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dennis Velakoulis
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul A James
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ingrid M Winship
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Chu CS, Yang FC, Tseng PT, Stubbs B, Dag A, Carvalho AF, Thompson T, Tu YK, Yeh TC, Li DJ, Tsai CK, Chen TY, Ikeda M, Liang CS, Su KP. Treatment Efficacy and Acceptabilityof Pharmacotherapies for Dementia with Lewy Bodies: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2021; 96:104474. [PMID: 34256210 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigated the efficacy and acceptability of pharmacotherapy for dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) while simultaneously considering the neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), cognitive function, motor symptoms, and acceptability. METHODS Electronic databases were searched from inception through June 5, 2019, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and open-label trials (OLTs) in patients with DLB. We performed a pairwise conventional meta-analysis (PWMA) and network meta-analysis (NMA) within a frequentist framework. The main outcomes were mean change scores in NPS, general cognition, motor symptoms and acceptability. The effect sizes and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. This study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018096996). RESULTS In total, we included 29 studies (9 RCTs and 20 OLTs). In the NMA with 9 RCTs, both high- (mean difference [MD] 2.00, 95% CIs, 0.69 to 3.31) and low-dose (1.86, 0.58 to 3.15) donepezil were associated with a greater cognitive improvement than placebo. High-dose zonisamide was associated with greater motor symptom improvement ( -4.10, -7.03 to -1.17]). No medications reached statistical significance regarding improving neuropsychiatric symptoms or developing intolerable adverse effects as compared to placebo. In the second NMA, with 29 studies as an exploratory analysis, aripiprazole and yokukansan may be effective for neuropsychiatric symptoms, while levodopa may be associated with cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS We report the most comprehensive evidence for the selection of pharmacotherapy for treating different clusters of DLB-related symptoms. Due to the limited availability of RCTs on DLB, more well-conducted RCTs are needed for MMA to warrant clinical efficacy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Sheng Chu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Geriatric and Gerontology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Non-invasive Neuromodulation Consortium for Mental Disorders, Society of Psychophysiology, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Tao Tseng
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Prospect Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology & Neurology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK
| | - Aarsland Dag
- Centre for Age-related Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.; Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction & Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Trevor Thompson
- School of Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, London, UK
| | - Yu-Kang Tu
- Institute of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Chuan Yeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dian-Jeng Li
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Department of Addiction Science, Kaohsiung Municipal Kai-Syuan Psychiatric Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Kuang Tsai
- Department of Neurology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Yu Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Manabu Ikeda
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chih-Sung Liang
- Department of Psychiatry, Beitou Branch, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Kuan-Pin Su
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK; Department of Psychiatry & Mind-Body Interface Laboratory (MBI-Lab), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; An-Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Chronic brain failure, also known as dementia or major neurocognitive disorder, is a syndrome of progressive functional decline characterized by both cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms. It can be conceptualized like other organ failure syndromes and its impact on quality of life can be mitigated with proper treatment. Dementia is a risk factor for delirium, and their symptoms can be similar. Patients with dementia can present with agitation that can lead to injury. Logic and reason are rarely successful when attempting to redirect someone with advanced dementia. Interactions that offer a sense of choice are more likely to succeed.
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Buciuc M, Whitwell JL, Kasanuki K, Graff-Radford J, Machulda MM, Duffy JR, Strand EA, Lowe VJ, Graff-Radford NR, Rush BK, Franczak MB, Flanagan ME, Baker MC, Rademakers R, Ross OA, Ghetti BF, Parisi JE, Raghunathan A, Reichard RR, Bigio EH, Dickson DW, Josephs KA. Lewy Body Disease is a Contributor to Logopenic Progressive Aphasia Phenotype. Ann Neurol 2021; 89:520-533. [PMID: 33274526 PMCID: PMC8040336 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to describe clinical features, [18 F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) metabolism and digital pathology in patients with logopenic progressive aphasia (LPA) and pathologic diagnosis of diffuse Lewy body disease (DLBD) and compare to patients with LPA with other pathologies, as well as patients with classical features of probable dementia with Lewy bodies (pDLB). METHODS This is a clinicopathologic case-control study of 45 patients, including 20 prospectively recruited patients with LPA among whom 6 were diagnosed with LPA-DLBD. We analyzed clinical features and compared FDG-PET metabolism in LPA-DLBD to an independent group of patients with clinical pDLB and regional α-synuclein burden on digital pathology to a second independent group of autopsied patients with DLBD pathology and antemortem pDLB (DLB-DLBD). RESULTS All patients with LPA-DLBD were men. Neurological, speech, and neuropsychological characteristics were similar across LPA-DLBD, LPA-Alzheimer's disease (LPA-AD), and LPA-frontotemporal lobar degeneration (LPA-FTLD). Genetic screening of AD, DLBD, and FTLD linked genes were negative with the exception of APOE ε4 allele present in 83% of LPA-DLBD patients. Seventy-five percent of the patients with LPA-DLBD showed a parietal-dominant pattern of hy pometabolism; LPA-FTLD - temporal-dominant pattern, whereas LPA-AD showed heterogeneous patterns of hypometabolism. LPA-DLBD had more asymmetrical hypometabolism affecting frontal lobes, with relatively spared occipital lobe in the nondominantly affected hemisphere, compared to pDLB. LPA-DLBD had minimal atrophy on gross brain examination, higher cortical Lewy body counts, and higher α-synuclein burden in the middle frontal and inferior parietal cortices compared to DLB-DLBD. INTERPRETATION Whereas AD is the most frequent underlying pathology of LPA, DLBD can also be present and may contribute to the LPA phenotype possibly due to α-synuclein-associated functional impairment of the dominant parietal lobe. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:520-533.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Buciuc
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Koji Kasanuki
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | | | - Mary M. Machulda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Val J. Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Beth K. Rush
- Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Margaret E. Flanagan
- Department of Pathology, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease Centre, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Owen A. Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Bernardino F. Ghetti
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joseph E. Parisi
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Aditya Raghunathan
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - R. Ross Reichard
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Eileen H. Bigio
- Department of Pathology, Cognitive Neurology and Alzheimer’s Disease Centre, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Chung SJ, Lee S, Yoo HS, Baik K, Lee HS, Jung JH, Choi Y, Hong JM, Kim YJ, Ye BS, Sohn YH, Yun M, Lee PH. Different patterns of β-amyloid deposition in patients with Alzheimer's disease according to the presence of mild parkinsonism. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 101:199-206. [PMID: 33631471 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the patterns of β-amyloid deposition between patients with early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD) with mild parkinsonism and those without parkinsonism. Sixty-one patients with early-stage AD (Clinical Dementia Rating [CDR], 0.5 or 1) who underwent 18F-florbetaben (18F-FBB) PET scans were enrolled. We performed comparative analyses of regional FBB uptake in the frontal, parietal, lateral temporal, medial temporal, occipital, anterior cingulate, and posterior cingulate cortices and in the precuneus, striatum, and thalamus between AD patients with mild parkinsonism (AD-p+; n = 23) and those without parkinsonism (AD-p-; n = 38). There was no significant difference in age, sex, years of education, Mini-Mental State Examination score, and white matter hyperintensity severity between groups. The AD-p+ group had lower composite scores in frontal/executive function domain than the AD-p- group. The AD-p+ group had a higher FBB uptake in the occipital cortex, but not in other cortical regions, than the AD-p- group. Our findings suggest that additional β-amyloid deposition in the occipital region is associated with mild parkinsonism in early-stage AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Jong Chung
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Neurology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Sangwon Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han Soo Yoo
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - KyoungWon Baik
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Ho Jung
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yonghoon Choi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Man Hong
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Neurology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Yun Joong Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Neurology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Byoung Seok Ye
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young H Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mijin Yun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Phil Hyu Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes the current state of evidence for palliative care (PC) in movement disorders, describes the application of PC to clinical practice, and suggests future research directions. RECENT FINDINGS PC needs are common in persons living with movement disorders and their families from the time of diagnosis through end-of-life and contribute to quality of life. Early advance care planning is preferred by patients, impacts outcomes and is promoted by PC frameworks. Systematic assessment of non-motor symptoms, psychosocial needs and spiritual/existential distress may address gaps in current models of care. Several complementary and emerging models of PC may be utilized to meet the needs of this population. A PC approach may identify and improve important patient and caregiver-centered outcomes. As a relatively new application of PC, there is a need for research to adapt, develop and implement approaches to meet the unique needs of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Macchi
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO Building 400, Mail Stop F429, 12469 E 17th Place, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Christopher G Tarolli
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Health + Technology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Benzi M Kluger
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Health + Technology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Palliative Care Division, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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Chételat G, Arbizu J, Barthel H, Garibotto V, Law I, Morbelli S, van de Giessen E, Agosta F, Barkhof F, Brooks DJ, Carrillo MC, Dubois B, Fjell AM, Frisoni GB, Hansson O, Herholz K, Hutton BF, Jack CR, Lammertsma AA, Landau SM, Minoshima S, Nobili F, Nordberg A, Ossenkoppele R, Oyen WJG, Perani D, Rabinovici GD, Scheltens P, Villemagne VL, Zetterberg H, Drzezga A. Amyloid-PET and 18F-FDG-PET in the diagnostic investigation of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Lancet Neurol 2020; 19:951-962. [PMID: 33098804 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(20)30314-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Various biomarkers are available to support the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases in clinical and research settings. Among the molecular imaging biomarkers, amyloid-PET, which assesses brain amyloid deposition, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET, which assesses glucose metabolism, provide valuable and complementary information. However, uncertainty remains regarding the optimal timepoint, combination, and an order in which these PET biomarkers should be used in diagnostic evaluations because conclusive evidence is missing. Following an expert panel discussion, we reached an agreement on the specific use of the individual biomarkers, based on available evidence and clinical expertise. We propose a diagnostic algorithm with optimal timepoints for these PET biomarkers, also taking into account evidence from other biomarkers, for early and differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases that can lead to dementia. We propose three main diagnostic pathways with distinct biomarker sequences, in which amyloid-PET and 18F-FDG-PET are placed at different positions in the order of diagnostic evaluations, depending on clinical presentation. We hope that this algorithm can support diagnostic decision making in specialist clinical settings with access to these biomarkers and might stimulate further research towards optimal diagnostic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Chételat
- Normandie Université, Université de Caen, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1237, Groupement d'Intérêt Public Cyceron, Caen, France.
| | - Javier Arbizu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Navarra, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Henryk Barthel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Valentina Garibotto
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Geneva University Hospitals and NIMTlab, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ian Law
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Silvia Morbelli
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Elsmarieke van de Giessen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Federica Agosta
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - David J Brooks
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Bruno Dubois
- Centre des Maladies Cognitives et Comportementales, University Hospital of Pitié Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne-Université, Paris, France
| | - Anders M Fjell
- Center for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Norway, Oslo; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Giovanni B Frisoni
- Memory Clinic, Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University and University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karl Herholz
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging Centre, Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Brian F Hutton
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Adriaan A Lammertsma
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Susan M Landau
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Satoshi Minoshima
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Flavio Nobili
- UO Clinica Neurologica, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, and Child and Mother Health, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Agneta Nordberg
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rik Ossenkoppele
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Wim J G Oyen
- Humanitas University and Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Milan, Italy; Rijnstate, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Arnhem, Netherlands; Radboud UMC, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Daniela Perani
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Nuclear Medicine Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, Division of Neuroscience San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- Departments of Neurology, Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Philip Scheltens
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Victor L Villemagne
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Therapy, Austin Health, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander Drzezga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn-Cologne, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Molecular Organization of the Brain, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany
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Mathies F, Lange C, Mäurer A, Apostolova I, Klutmann S, Buchert R. Brain FDG PET for the Etiological Diagnosis of Clinically Uncertain Cognitive Impairment During Delirium in Remission. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 77:1609-1622. [PMID: 32925050 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positron emission tomography (PET) of the brain with 2-[F-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) is widely used for the etiological diagnosis of clinically uncertain cognitive impairment (CUCI). Acute full-blown delirium can cause reversible alterations of FDG uptake that mimic neurodegenerative disease. OBJECTIVE This study tested whether delirium in remission affects the performance of FDG PET for differentiation between neurodegenerative and non-neurodegenerative etiology of CUCI. METHODS The study included 88 patients (82.0±5.7 y) with newly detected CUCI during hospitalization in a geriatric unit. Twenty-seven (31%) of the patients were diagnosed with delirium during their current hospital stay, which, however, at time of enrollment was in remission so that delirium was not considered the primary cause of the CUCI. Cases were categorized as neurodegenerative or non-neurodegenerative etiology based on visual inspection of FDG PET. The diagnosis at clinical follow-up after ≥12 months served as ground truth to evaluate the diagnostic performance of FDG PET. RESULTS FDG PET was categorized as neurodegenerative in 51 (58%) of the patients. Follow-up after 16±3 months was obtained in 68 (77%) of the patients. The clinical follow-up diagnosis confirmed the FDG PET-based categorization in 60 patients (88%, 4 false negative and 4 false positive cases with respect to detection of neurodegeneration). The fraction of correct PET-based categorization did not differ between patients with delirium in remission and patients without delirium (86% versus 89%, p = 0.666). CONCLUSION Brain FDG PET is useful for the etiological diagnosis of CUCI in hospitalized geriatric patients, as well as in patients with delirium in remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Mathies
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Catharina Lange
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Mäurer
- Evangelisches Geriatriezentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ivayla Apostolova
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Klutmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Buchert
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Armstrong MJ, Alliance S, Corsentino P, Maixner SM, Paulson HL, Taylor A. Caregiver-Reported Barriers to Quality End-of-Life Care in Dementia With Lewy Bodies: A Qualitative Analysis. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2020; 37:728-737. [PMID: 31902223 PMCID: PMC7335680 DOI: 10.1177/1049909119897241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated barriers to quality end-of-life (EOL) care in the context of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), one of the most common degenerative dementias in the United States. METHODS The study consisted of telephone interviews with caregivers and family members of individuals who died with DLB in the last 5 years. Interviews used a semi-structured questionnaire. Investigators employed a qualitative descriptive approach to analyze interview transcripts and identify common barriers to quality EOL care. RESULTS Thirty participants completed interviews. Reported barriers to quality EOL experiences in DLB pertained to the DLB diagnosis itself and factors relating to the US health-care system, facilities, hospice, and health-care providers (physicians and staff). Commonly reported barriers included lack of recognition and knowledge of DLB, lack of education regarding what to expect, poor coordination of care and communication across health-care teams and circumstances, and difficulty accessing health-care resources including skilled nursing facility placement and hospice. CONCLUSION Many identified themes were consistent with published barriers to quality EOL care in dementia. However, DLB-specific EOL considerations included diagnostic challenges, lack of knowledge regarding DLB and resultant prescribing errors, difficulty accessing resources due to behavioral changes in DLB, and waiting to meet Medicare dementia hospice guidelines. Improving EOL experiences in DLB will require a multifaceted approach, starting with improving DLB recognition and provider knowledge. More research is needed to improve recognition of EOL in DLB and factors that drive quality EOL experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J. Armstrong
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Slande Alliance
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
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Malattia a corpi di Lewy. Neurologia 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s1634-7072(20)44006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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40
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Curry A. Psychiatric Issues in Hospice and Palliative Medicine. PHYSICIAN ASSISTANT CLINICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpha.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Treatment of psychosis in Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy Bodies: A review. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2020; 75:55-62. [PMID: 32480308 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
There is a considerable overlap between Parkinson's Disease Dementia (PDD) and Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB). They present a challenge therapeutically, with regard to morbidity and mortality risk. In particular, symptoms of psychosis in these conditions augur a considerably increased burden. To date, there has been a myriad of prospective, retrospective and case studies examining the use of neuroleptics in the treatment of psychotic symptoms in PDD/DLB. Clozapine has the most robust evidence base however its use is limited by agranulocytosis risk and the associated need for frequent blood count monitoring. Quetiapine is more readily used, however, it has a more equivocal evidence base, in terms of efficacy. Other neuroleptics have thus far demonstrated mixed results with increased risk of extrapyramidal worsening. In addition to the atypical agents, the introduction of pimavanserin has provided another treatment option for Parkinson's Disease Psychosis (PDP), decreasing concern for deterioration in motor function. We await further research to confidently demonstrate its efficacy and safety in DLB psychosis. Cholinesterase inhibitors likely have a limited role in treating milder psychosis symptomatology in DLB and perhaps PDD. After review of the current literature for antipsychotic therapy in both PDD and DLB, we provide a logical framework for addressing psychotic symptoms in each condition.
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Taylor JP, McKeith IG, Burn DJ, Boeve BF, Weintraub D, Bamford C, Allan LM, Thomas AJ, O'Brien JT. New evidence on the management of Lewy body dementia. Lancet Neurol 2020; 19:157-169. [PMID: 31519472 PMCID: PMC7017451 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(19)30153-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease dementia, jointly known as Lewy body dementia, are common neurodegenerative conditions. Patients with Lewy body dementia present with a wide range of cognitive, neuropsychiatric, sleep, motor, and autonomic symptoms. Presentation varies between patients and can vary over time within an individual. Treatments can address one symptom but worsen another, which makes disease management difficult. Symptoms are often managed in isolation and by different specialists, which makes high-quality care difficult to accomplish. Clinical trials and meta-analyses now provide an evidence base for the treatment of cognitive, neuropsychiatric, and motor symptoms in patients with Lewy body dementia. Furthermore, consensus opinion from experts supports the application of treatments for related conditions, such as Parkinson's disease, for the management of common symptoms (eg, autonomic dysfunction) in patients with Lewy body dementia. However, evidence gaps remain and future clinical trials need to focus on the treatment of symptoms specific to patients with Lewy body dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- John-Paul Taylor
- Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Ian G McKeith
- Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - David J Burn
- Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Brad F Boeve
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daniel Weintraub
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Parkinson's Disease and Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Centers, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Claire Bamford
- Institute of Health and Society, Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Louise M Allan
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Alan J Thomas
- Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Building, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John T O'Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
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de Mendonça FJP, Teixeira IA, Marinho V. Ekbom Syndrome associated with Lewy Body Dementia: A case report. Dement Neuropsychol 2020; 14:83-87. [PMID: 32206204 PMCID: PMC7077860 DOI: 10.1590/1980-57642020dn14-010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ekbom Syndrome, also known as parasitosis delusion or psychogenic parasitosis, is
a rare condition in which patients present with a fixed belief of being infested
by parasites, vermin or small insects, along with tactile hallucinations (such
as pruritus or sensations of the parasites crawling over or under the skin). The
syndrome may occur idiopathically or be associated with other medical conditions
and drug use. This case report describes the occurrence of Ekbom syndrome in a
patient diagnosed with Lewy Body Dementia (LBD), a neurodegenerative disease
that commonly presents with sensory perception and thought disorders and other
neuropsychiatric symptoms. Although visual hallucination is considered a core
diagnostic criterion, other modalities of psychiatric symptoms can also occur
posing a further challenge for correct diagnosis. Proper recognition allows
early diagnosis and adequate treatment, preventing hazardous antipsychotic use
in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felippe José Pontes de Mendonça
- Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ivan Abdalla Teixeira
- Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Valeska Marinho
- Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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How to approach a patient with parkinsonism - red flags for atypical parkinsonism. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 149:1-34. [PMID: 31779810 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Parkinsonism is a clinical syndrome defined by bradykinesia plus rigidity or tremor. Though most commonly encountered in the setting of idiopathic Parkinson's disease, a number of neurodegenerative, structural, metabolic and toxic neurological disorders can result in parkinsonism. Accurately diagnosing the underlying cause of parkinsonism is of both therapeutic and prognostic relevance, especially as we enter the era of disease-modifying treatment trials for neurodegenerative disorders. Being aware of the wide array of potential causes of parkinsonism is of paramount importance for clinicians. In this chapter, we present a pragmatic clinical approach to patients with parkinsonism, specifically focusing on 'red flags', which should alert one to consider diagnoses other than idiopathic Parkinson's disease.
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Eversfield CL, Orton LD. Auditory and visual hallucination prevalence in Parkinson's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med 2019; 49:2342-2353. [PMID: 30474581 PMCID: PMC6763539 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718003161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-motor features of Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), such as auditory hallucinations (AH), contribute to disease burden but are not well understood. METHODS Systematic review and random-effects meta-analyses of studies reporting AH associated with PD or DLB. Prevalence of visual hallucinations (VH) in identified studies meeting eligibility criteria were included in meta-analyses, facilitating comparison with AH. Synthesis of qualitative descriptions of AH was performed. PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases were searched for primary journal articles, written in English, published from 1970 to 2017. Studies reporting AH prevalence in PD or DLB were screened using PRISMA methods. RESULTS Searches identified 4542 unique studies for consideration, of which, 26 met inclusion criteria. AH pooled prevalence in PD was estimated to be 8.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) 5.3-14.5], while in DLB was estimated to be 30.8% (±23.4 to 39.3). Verbal hallucinations, perceived as originating outside the head, were the most common form of AH. Non-verbal AH were also common while musical AH were rare. VH were more prevalent, with an estimated pooled prevalence in PD of 28.2% (±19.1 to 39.5), while in DLB they were estimated to be 61.8% (±49.1 to 73.0). Meta-regression determined that the use of validated methodologies to identify hallucinations produced higher prevalence estimates. CONCLUSIONS AH and VH present in a substantial proportion of PD and DLB cases, with VH reported more frequently in both conditions. Both AH and VH are more prevalent in DLB than PD. There is a need for standardised use of validated methods to detect and monitor hallucinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Louise Eversfield
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
| | - Llwyd David Orton
- School of Healthcare Science, Manchester Metropolitan University, John Dalton Building, Chester Street, Manchester, M1 5GD, UK
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Patterson L, Firbank MJ, Colloby SJ, Attems J, Thomas AJ, Morris CM. Neuropathological Changes in Dementia With Lewy Bodies and the Cingulate Island Sign. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2019; 78:717-724. [PMID: 31271438 PMCID: PMC6640897 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlz047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cingulate island sign (CIS) refers to the relative sparing of metabolism in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and represents an important biomarker in distinguishing dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) from Alzheimer disease (AD). The underlying basis of the CIS is unknown; therefore, our aim was to investigate which neurodegenerative changes underpin the formation of CIS. Using quantitative neuropathology, α-synuclein, phosphorylated Tau, and amyloid-β pathology was assessed in 12 DLB, 9 AD and 6 age-matched control patients in the anterior cingulate (ACC), midcingulate, PCC, precuneus/cuneus and parahippocampal gyrus. All participants had undergone 99mTc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) single-photon emission computed tomography imaging during life to define the presence or absence of CIS. In the DLB group, no significant correlations were observed between CIS ratios and neurodegenerative pathology in PCC. In DLB, however, the ACC showed lower HMPAO uptake, as well as significantly higher α-synuclein and amyloid-β burden compared with PCC, possibly underlying the relative preservation of perfusion in PCC when compared with ACC. Our findings suggest that neurodegenerative pathology does not directly correlate with the CIS in DLB, and other metabolic or pathological changes are therefore more likely to be relevant for the development of the CIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Patterson
- Alzheimer’s Society Doctoral Training Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michael J Firbank
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sean J Colloby
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Johannes Attems
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Alan J Thomas
- Alzheimer’s Society Doctoral Training Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - Christopher M Morris
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Newcastle, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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47
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Berardelli I, Belvisi D, Pasquini M, Fabbrini A, Petrini F, Fabbrini G. Treatment of psychiatric disturbances in hypokinetic movement disorders. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:965-981. [PMID: 31241368 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1636648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: We reviewed studies that assessed the treatment of psychiatric disturbances in Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonisms. Neuropsychiatric disturbances in these conditions are frequent and have a profound impact on quality of life of patients and of their caregivers. It is therefore important to be familiar with the appropriate pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for treating these disorders. Areas covered: The authors searched for papers in English in Pubmed using the following keywords: Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, Lewy body dementia, depression, apathy, anxiety, fatigue, sleep disorders, obsessive compulsive disorders, psychosis, hallucinations, delusions, impulse control disorders. Expert opinion: In Parkinson's disease, depression may benefit from the optimization of dopaminergic therapy, from the use of antidepressants acting on both the serotoninergic and noradrenergic pathways and from cognitive behavioral therapy. Psychosis in Parkinson's disease may improve with the use of clozapine; the serotonin inverse agonist pimavanserin has been shown to be effective. Treatment of impulse control disorders is primarily based on the removal of dopamine agonists. No controlled studies have investigated the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders in multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy or corticobasal degeneration. Acethylcholinesterase inhibitors may be used to treat hallucinations in Lewy body dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Berardelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | | | - Massimo Pasquini
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Andrea Fabbrini
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Federica Petrini
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Azienda Universitaria Policlinico Umberto I° , Rome , Italy
| | - Giovanni Fabbrini
- IRCCS Neuromed , Pozzilli , Italy.,Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
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48
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Abstract
Acute presentations for dementia, particularly dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), are rare and can pose diagnostic challenges.We present a case of a 75-year-old woman who was previously fit, well and independent in all activities of daily living. She had no history of psychiatric, cognitive or memory problems. She presented with 2 weeks of sudden onset confusion, paranoia, dizziness and reduced oral intake. Thorough investigations for causes of delirium including blood tests, cerebrospinal fluid analysis obtained via lumbar puncture, electroencephalography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging were within normal limits. Further neurological examination demonstrated she had subtle Parkinsonian signs (cogwheel rigidity, bradykinesia) and was hypersensitive to small doses of antipsychotic (haloperidol and risperidone). A positive dopamine transporter scan was done confirming a diagnosis of an acute presentation of DLB. She has been commenced on a cholinesterase inhibitor (rivastigmine) and is presently settled in care.
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49
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by tremor and bradykinesia and is a common neurologic ailment. Male sex and advancing age are independent risk factors and, as the population ages, is taking an increasing toll on productivity and medical resources. There are a number of other extrapyramidal conditions that can make the diagnosis challenging. Unlike other neurodegenerative diseases, idiopathic Parkinson's disease has effective treatments that mitigate symptoms. Medications can improve day-to-day function and, in cases where medication does not give a sustained benefit or has significant side effects, treatments like deep brain stimulation result in improved quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Hayes
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
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50
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Esmaeeli S, Murphy K, Swords GM, Ibrahim BA, Brown JW, Llano DA. Visual hallucinations, thalamocortical physiology and Lewy body disease: A review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 103:337-351. [PMID: 31195000 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the core diagnostic criteria for Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) is the presence of visual hallucinations. The presence of hallucinations, along with fluctuations in the level of arousal and sleep disturbance, point to potential pathological mechanisms at the level of the thalamus. However, the potential role of thalamic dysfunction in DLB, particularly as it relates to the presence of formed visual hallucinations is not known. Here, we review the literature on the pathophysiology of DLB with respect to modern theories of thalamocortical function and attempt to derive an understanding of how such hallucinations arise. Based on the available literature, we propose that combined thalamic-thalamic reticular nucleus and thalamocortical pathology may explain the phenomenology of visual hallucinations in DLB. In particular, diminished α7 cholinergic activity in the thalamic reticular nucleus may critically disinhibit thalamocortical activity. Further, concentrated pathological changes within the posterior regions of the thalamus may explain the predilection for the hallucinations to be visual in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shooka Esmaeeli
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Kathleen Murphy
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Gabriel M Swords
- University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Baher A Ibrahim
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Jeffrey W Brown
- University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Daniel A Llano
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Carle Neuroscience Institute, Urbana, IL, United States.
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