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Pan S, Karey E, Nieves-Cintron M, Chen YJ, Hwang SH, Hammock BD, Pinkerton KE, Chen CY. Effects of chronic secondhand smoke exposure on cardiovascular regulation and the role of soluble epoxide hydrolase in mice. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1185744. [PMID: 37362438 PMCID: PMC10285070 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1185744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Secondhand smoke (SHS) is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality with an estimated 80% of SHS-related deaths attributed to cardiovascular causes. Public health measures and smoking bans have been successful both in reducing SHS exposure and improving cardiovascular outcomes in non-smokers. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors have been shown to attenuate tobacco exposure-induced lung inflammatory responses, making them a promising target for mitigating SHS exposure-induced cardiovascular outcomes. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine 1) effects of environmentally relevant SHS exposure on cardiac autonomic function and blood pressure (BP) regulation and 2) whether prophylactic administration of an sEH inhibitor (TPPU) can reduce the adverse cardiovascular effects of SHS exposure. Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice (11 weeks old) implanted with BP/electrocardiogram (ECG) telemetry devices were exposed to filtered air or 3 mg/m3 of SHS (6 hr/d, 5 d/wk) for 12 weeks, followed by 4 weeks of recovery in filtered air. Some mice received TPPU in drinking water (15 mg/L) throughout SHS exposure. BP, heart rate (HR), HR variability (HRV), baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), and BP variability were determined monthly. Results: SHS exposure significantly decreased 1) short-term HRV by ∼20% (p < 0.05) within 4 weeks; 2) overall HRV with maximum effect at 12 weeks (-15%, p < 0.05); 3) pulse pressure (-8%, p < 0.05) as early as week 4; and 4) BRS with maximum effect at 12 weeks (-11%, p < 0.05). Four weeks of recovery following 12 weeks of SHS ameliorated all SHS-induced cardiovascular detriments. Importantly, mice exposed to TPPU in drinking water during SHS-related exposure were protected from SHS cardiovascular consequences. Discussion: The data suggest that 1) environmental relevant SHS exposure significantly alters cardiac autonomic function and BP regulation; 2) cardiovascular consequences from SHS can be reversed by discontinuing SHS exposure; and 3) inhibiting sEH can prevent SHS-induced cardiovascular consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyue Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Emma Karey
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | - Yi-Je Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kent E. Pinkerton
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Chao-Yin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Behl TA, Stamford BA, Moffatt RJ. The Effects of Smoking on the Diagnostic Characteristics of Metabolic Syndrome: A Review. Am J Lifestyle Med 2023; 17:397-412. [PMID: 37304742 PMCID: PMC10248373 DOI: 10.1177/15598276221111046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a growing epidemic that increases the risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, stroke, and mortality. It is diagnosed by the presence of three or more of the following risk factors: 1) obesity, with an emphasis on central adiposity, 2) high blood pressure, 3) hyperglycemia, 4) dyslipidemia, with regard to reduced high-density lipoprotein concentrations, and 5) dyslipidemia, with regard to elevated triglycerides. Smoking is one lifestyle factor that can increase the risk for metabolic syndrome as it has been shown to exert negative effects on abdominal obesity, blood pressure, blood glucose concentrations, and blood lipid profiles. Smoking may also negatively affect other factors that influence glucose and lipid metabolism including lipoprotein lipase, adiponectin, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Some of these smoking-related outcomes may be reversed with smoking cessation, thus reducing the risk for metabolic disease; however, metabolic syndrome risk may initially increase post cessation, possibly due to weight gain. Therefore, these findings warrant the need for more research on the development and efficacy of smoking prevention and cessation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A. Behl
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State
University, Tallahassee, FL, USA (TAB); School of Business, Education,
and Mathematics, Flagler College, St Augustine, FL, USA (TAB); Department of Kinesiology and
Integrative Physiology, Hanover College, Hanover, IN, USA (BAS); and Human Performance Development
Group, Tallahassee, FL, USA (BAS, RJM)
| | - Bryant A. Stamford
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State
University, Tallahassee, FL, USA (TAB); School of Business, Education,
and Mathematics, Flagler College, St Augustine, FL, USA (TAB); Department of Kinesiology and
Integrative Physiology, Hanover College, Hanover, IN, USA (BAS); and Human Performance Development
Group, Tallahassee, FL, USA (BAS, RJM)
| | - Robert J. Moffatt
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State
University, Tallahassee, FL, USA (TAB); School of Business, Education,
and Mathematics, Flagler College, St Augustine, FL, USA (TAB); Department of Kinesiology and
Integrative Physiology, Hanover College, Hanover, IN, USA (BAS); and Human Performance Development
Group, Tallahassee, FL, USA (BAS, RJM)
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Liu Y, Li Y, Xu H, Zhao X, Zhu Y, Zhao B, Yao Q, Duan H, Guo C, Li Y. Pre- and postnatal particulate matter exposure and blood pressure in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 223:115373. [PMID: 36731599 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early life is a susceptible period of air pollution-related adverse health effects. Hypertension in children might be life-threatening without prevention or treatment. Nevertheless, the causative association between environmental factors and childhood hypertension was limited. In the light of particulate matter (PM) as an environmental risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, this study investigated the association of pre- and postnatal PM exposure with blood pressure (BP) and hypertension among children and adolescents. METHOD Four electronic databases were searched for related epidemiological studies published up to September 13, 2022. Stata 14.0 was applied to examine the heterogeneity among the studies and evaluate the combined effect sizes per 10 μg/m3 increase of PM by selecting the corresponding models. Besides, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias test were also conducted. RESULTS Prenatal PM2.5 exposure was correlated with increased diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in offspring [1.14 mmHg (95% CI: 0.12, 2.17)]. For short-term postnatal exposure effects, PM2.5 (7-day average) was significantly associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) [0.20 mmHg (95% CI: 0.16, 0.23)] and DBP [0.49 mmHg (95% CI: 0.45, 0.53)]; and also, PM10 (7-day average) was significantly associated with SBP [0.14 mmHg (95% CI: 0.12, 0.16)]. For long-term postnatal exposure effects, positive associations were manifested in SBP with PM2.5 [β = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.40, 0.48] and PM10 [β = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.51]; DBP with PM1 [β = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.42, 0.49], PM2.5 [β = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.27, 0.35] and PM10 [β = 0.32, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.45]; and hypertension with PM1 [OR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.40, 1.46], PM2.5 [OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.29, 2.11] and PM10 [OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.45]. CONCLUSION Both prenatal and postnatal exposure to PM can increase BP, contributing to a higher prevalence of hypertension in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Hailin Xu
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xinying Zhao
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yawen Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Bosen Zhao
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Qing Yao
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Huawei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Safety and Health, National Institute for Occupational Health and Poison Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Caixia Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Yanbo Li
- Department of Toxicology and Sanitary Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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Yoon NY, Yun I, Park YS, Park EC. Associations between environmental tobacco smoke exposure and oral health symptoms in adolescents. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:397. [PMID: 36096806 PMCID: PMC9469518 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02440-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral health condition in adolescence impacts the oral well-being throughout life. This study aimed to determine the association between environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and oral health in adolescents, using nationally representative data. Methods Using data from the 2020 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, we assessed self-reported data on ETS exposure and oral health symptoms in 37,591 non-smoking adolescents. The dependent variables were self-reported oral health symptoms of adolescents (tooth fracture, dental pain, and gum bleeding). ETS exposure was the primary independent variable. Chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to examine these relationships. Results ETS exposure was positively associated with oral symptoms compared to no-ETS exposure in adolescents [boys, odds ratio (OR) 1.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.46–1.66; girls, OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.41–1.60]; individuals with good oral health habits such as frequent tooth brushing [boys, three times or more a day, OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.24–1.53] and less soda consumption [girls, less than once a day, OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.29–2.33] had a weaker association. ETS exposure was positively associated with dental pain [boys, OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.45–1.66; girls, OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.41–1.60] and gum bleeding [boys, OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.29–1.58; girls, OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.21–1.44]; however, tooth fracture was significantly associated only in girls [OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.13–1.45]. Conclusions ETS in various environments is negatively associated with oral health in adolescents. This association could vary depending on health habits. Sophisticated policies to protect South Korean adolescents from ETS can be developed from these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Young Yoon
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Yun
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Shin Park
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Park
- Institute of Health Services Research, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Lee JW, Yang W, Kim YS, Kim Y, Yoo HS, Kang HT. Exposure to Secondhand Smoke and a Tobacco-Specific Carcinogen in Non-Smokers. Korean J Fam Med 2022; 43:117-124. [PMID: 35320897 PMCID: PMC8943232 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.21.0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) as a known carcinogen. This study aimed to investigate the association between exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) and NNAL concentrations in non-smokers.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study based on data from the 2016 to 2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Urine NNAL concentrations were categorized into tertiles of 3,615 study participants who were non-smokers. All sampling and weight variables were stratified, and analyses to account for the complex sampling design were conducted.Results: The overall, male, and female percentages of SHS exposure among non-smokers were 22.4%, 29.2%, and 20.4%, respectively. The geometric means of urine NNAL concentrations were 1.896±0.098 pg/mL and 1.094±0.028 pg/mL in the SHS exposure and non-exposure groups, respectively. After adjusting for confounding variables, in the total group, the geometric mean of urine NNAL concentrations was significantly higher in the SHS exposure group than in the SHS non-exposure group (adjusted P-value <0.001). Compared with the non-exposure group, the adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for the highest NNAL tertile group of overall SHS exposure in the total, men, and women groups were 2.44 (1.95–3.05), 1.65 (1.08–2.53), and 2.73 (2.11–3.52), respectively, after full adjustment.Conclusion: The urine NNAL concentration in the SHS exposure group was significantly higher than that in the non-exposure group. Exposure to SHS was associated with a higher risk of elevated urine NNAL concentrations in non-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-woo Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Woojung Yang
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ye-Seul Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Yonghwan Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hyo-Sun Yoo
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hee-Taik Kang
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Korea
- Corresponding Author: Hee-Taik Kang https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8048-6247 Tel: +82-43-269-6301, Fax: +82-43-269-6675, E-mail:
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Liu Q, Li G, Zhang L, Liu J, Du J, Shao B, Li Z. Effects of household cooking with clean energy on the risk for hypertension among women in Beijing. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 289:133151. [PMID: 34871615 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Outdoor air pollution and indoor burning of biomass fuel can cause high blood pressure. However, little is known about the effects of cooking with clean energy on hypertension. We thus explored whether cooking with clean energy is associated with the risk for hypertension. The study used baseline data from 12,349 women from a large population-based cohort study in Beijing, China. Information on cooking habits, health status, and other characteristics was collected by questionnaire and physical examination. Fasting blood samples were collected to measure total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and homocysteine (HCY). An index of cooking exposure was constructed. Log-binomial regression models were used to estimate the association between cooking exposure and risk for hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension was 26.7%. Any cooking exposure at all was associated with an increased risk for hypertension with an adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) of 2.27 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.01, 2.57). The risk for hypertension increased with increases in cooking frequency, time spent cooking, and the cooking index, all showing a dose-effect relationship (P < 0.001). An increased risk for hypertension was associated with both cooking using mainly electricity (aPR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.41, 2.17) and cooking using mainly natural gas (aPR: 2.30, 95% CI: 2.03, 2.60). The cooking index was positively correlated with plasma concentrations of TC, TG, LDL-C, and HCY and negatively correlated with HDL-C. Abnormal levels of all these biomarkers were associated with an increased prevalence of hypertension after adjustment for confounding factors. Cooking with clean energy, mainly cooking habit, may contribute to an increased risk for hypertension among female residents of Beijing. Abnormal metabolism of lipids or HCY may be an important mechanism involved in the development of cooking-related hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingping Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 100013, PR China.
| | - Gang Li
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 100013, PR China.
| | - Le Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
| | - Jufen Liu
- Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
| | - Jing Du
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 100013, PR China.
| | - Bing Shao
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, 100013, PR China.
| | - Zhiwen Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, PR China; Institute of Reproductive and Child Health, Peking University/ Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100191, PR China.
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Okekunle AP, Asowata JO, Adedokun B, Akpa OM. Secondhand smoke exposure and dyslipidemia among non-smoking adults in the United States. INDOOR AIR 2022; 32:e12914. [PMID: 34331323 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a major public health challenge worldwide and whether secondhand smoke exposure (SHSE) is associated with dyslipidemia is yet to be understood. This study evaluated the relationship between SHSE and odds of dyslipidemia among adults in the United States. We identified 3064 adults who had never smoked in the 2015-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and estimated the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for the relationship between SHSE and odds of dyslipidemia using a multivariable adjusted-logistic regression at a two-sided p < 0.05. Overall, the mean age of respondents was 46.4 ± 18.0 years, 59.6% had dyslipidemia and 36.2% had SHSE. The odds of dyslipidemia among individuals with SHSE were 1.148 (1.147, 1.149) in the overall sample, 1.214 (1.214, 1.215) among women and 1.165 (1.163, 1.167) among men. The odds trended similarly independent of age groups: 1.130 (1.129, 1.131) for young adults (<60 years) and 1.304 (1.300, 1.308) for old adults (≥60 years). SHSE was associated with higher odds of dyslipidemia with higher odds among women and old adults. Primary intervention(s) targeted at reducing SHSE may show benefits in reducing the odds of dyslipidemia, and longitudinal studies would be necessary to clarify the association between SHSE and dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- The Postgraduate College, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeffery Osahon Asowata
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Babatunde Adedokun
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics and Global Health, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, US
| | - Onoja Matthew Akpa
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Preventive Cardiology Research Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Bernabe-Ortiz A, Carrillo-Larco RM. Second-hand smoking, hypertension and cardiovascular risk: findings from Peru. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:576. [PMID: 34861819 PMCID: PMC8643022 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02410-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Second-hand smoking has not been detailedly studied in Peru, where smoking is prohibited in all indoor workplaces, public places, and public transportation. Second-hand smoke exposure may occur at home or any other places. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of second-hand smoking and assess its association with hypertension and cardiovascular risk in Peru. Materials and methods Secondary analysis of a nationally-representative population-based survey including individuals aged 18–59 years. There were two outcomes: hypertension and 10-year cardiovascular risk using the Framingham and the 2019 World Health Organization (WHO) risk scores. The exposure was self-reported second-hand smoking during the 7 days before the survey. The association between second-hand smoking and hypertension was quantified with Poisson models reporting prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI); the association between second-hand smoking and cardiovascular risk was quantified with linear regressions reporting coefficients and their 95% CI. Results Data from 897 individuals, mean age: 38.2 (SD: 11.8) years, and 499 (55.7%) females, were analyzed, with 8.7% subjects reporting second-hand smoking at home and 8.3% at work or any other place. Thus, 144 (15.5%; 95% CI: 12.8%-18.6%) subjects reported any second-hand smoking. In multivariable model second-hand smoking was associated with hypertension (PR = 2.42; 95% CI: 1.25–4.67), and with 1.2% higher Framingham cardiovascular risk, and 0.2% higher 2019 WHO risk score. Conclusions There is an association between second-hand smoking and hypertension as well as with cardiovascular risk, and 15% of adults reported second-hand smoke exposure overall with half of them exposed at home. There is a need to guarantee smoking-free places to reduce cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru. .,Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru.
| | - Rodrigo M Carrillo-Larco
- CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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9
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Islam MM, Shamsuddin R. Machine learning to promote health management through lifestyle changes for hypertension patients. ARRAY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.array.2021.100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Shen Q, Xu Q, Li G, Ren L, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Zhong Z, Li X, Wang Q. Joint effect of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and secondhand smoke exposure on hypertension in non-smoking women of childbearing age: NHANES 2007-2014. Environ Health 2021; 20:117. [PMID: 34781965 PMCID: PMC8591921 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-021-00803-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) may increase the risk of hypertension in women of childbearing age, who may be exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS) simultaneously. Till now, few studies have investigated the joint effects of VDD and SHS on hypertension in this population. We evaluated whether exposure to SHS modified the association between VDD and hypertension. METHODS Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2007-2014 were analyzed. Our research subjects were 2826 nonsmoking and nonpregnant women of childbearing age (20-44 years old). Hypertension was defined based either on systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 130 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 80 mmHg or on now taking prescribed medicine for hypertension. The directed acyclic graphs (DAG) and the back-door criterion were used to select a minimal sufficient adjustment set of variables (MSAs) that would identify the unconfounded effect of 25(OH)D and hypertension. The interactive effect of VDD and SHS on hypertension was evaluated by using logistic regression models, followed by strata-specific analyses. RESULTS The prevalence of VDD in the hypertension group was significantly higher than that in the non-hypertension group (48.2% vs 41.0%, P = 0.008), as well as the exposure rate of SHS (39.1% vs 33.8%, P = 0.017). VDD was independently associated with nearly 50% increased risk of hypertension [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01, 2.04], while no significant association was observed between SHS and hypertension. However, SHS showed a significant synergistic effect on VDD with a higher aOR of 1.79 (95% CI: 1.14, 2.80) (Pinteraction = 0.011). This synergistic effect was more obvious when stratified by BMI (in overweight women, aOR, 95% CI =4.74, 1.65-13.60 for interaction vs 2.33, 1.01-5.38 for VDD only) and race (in Non-Hispanic Black women, aOR, 95% CI =5.11, 1.58-16.54 for interaction vs 2.69, 1.10-6.62 for VDD only). CONCLUSION There exist synergistic effects of SHS and VDD on the prevalence of hypertension in American women of childbearing age, with more significant effects in women who were overweight or Non-Hispanic Black. Further studies are warranted to verify this finding in other populations, and the molecular mechanisms underlying the joint effect of SHS and VDD need to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Shen
- Public Health School, Institute of Human Nutrition, Medical College of Qingdao University, Gate 2, Haoyuan, Ningde Road, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guoju Li
- Qingdao Women and Children's Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lisheng Ren
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenhong Zhang
- Public Health School, Institute of Human Nutrition, Medical College of Qingdao University, Gate 2, Haoyuan, Ningde Road, Qingdao, China
| | - Yangting Zhang
- Public Health School, Institute of Human Nutrition, Medical College of Qingdao University, Gate 2, Haoyuan, Ningde Road, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhaoyi Zhong
- Public Health School, Institute of Human Nutrition, Medical College of Qingdao University, Gate 2, Haoyuan, Ningde Road, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaona Li
- Public Health School, Institute of Human Nutrition, Medical College of Qingdao University, Gate 2, Haoyuan, Ningde Road, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiuzhen Wang
- Public Health School, Institute of Human Nutrition, Medical College of Qingdao University, Gate 2, Haoyuan, Ningde Road, Qingdao, China.
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11
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Kim BJ, Kang JG, Kim BS. Association between secondhand smoke exposure and new-onset hypertension in self-reported never smokers verified by cotinine. Korean J Intern Med 2021; 36:1377-1388. [PMID: 34742177 PMCID: PMC8588976 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2021.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS There is no study assessing the effect of changes of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and new-onset hypertension. We investigated the effect of a change of SHS exposure status on new-onset hypertension in self-reported and cotinine-verified never smokers. METHODS Out of individuals enrolled in the Kangbuk Samsung Health Study between 2011 and 2016, 87,486 self-reported and cotinine-verified never smokers without hypertension at baseline visit were included with a median follow-up of 36 months. Individuals were divided into four groups on the basis of their SHS exposure status at baseline and at follow-up: no, new, former, and sustained SHS exposure groups. RESULTS The incidence rates per 10,000 person-year of new-onset hypertension in no, new, former, and sustained SHS exposure groups were 84.7, 113.3, 102.0, and 123.7, respectively (p < 0.001). A multivariable Cox-hazard analyses showed that new and sustained SHS exposure groups increased their hazard ratio (HR) for new-onset hypertension compared to no SHS exposure group (HR, 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08 to 1.60 for new SHS exposure group; and HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.45 for sustained SHS exposure group). However, being part of the former SHS exposure group did not increase the risk of new-onset hypertension (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.81 to 1.03). CONCLUSION This study showed that either new, or sustained SHS exposure, but not former SHS exposure, increased the risk for new-onset hypertension in self-reported never smokers verified as nonsmokers by urinary cotinine. These findings show the possibility that changing exposure to SHS even for a relatively short period can modify the risk of new-onset hypertension in self-reported and cotinine-verified never smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Jin Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Correspondence to Byung Jin Kim, M.D. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 29 Saemunan-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03181, Korea Tel: +82-2-2001-2401 Fax: +82-2-2001-2400 E-mail:
| | - Jeong-Gyu Kang
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bum Soo Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Lv L, Wu S, Yang Y, Yue X. Modified effect of active or passive smoking on the association between age and abdominal aortic calcification: a nationally representative cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e047645. [PMID: 34642189 PMCID: PMC8520594 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The deleterious effects of smoking on atherosclerosis were well known; however, the interaction among ageing, smoking and atherosclerosis remains unclear. This study tested the hypothesis that the association between age and vascular calcification, a critical mark of atherosclerosis, was modified by smoking. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING A nationally representative sample, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2013-2014. PARTICIPANTS This study included 3140 adults aged 40-80 years with eligible data for abdominal aortic calcification (AAC). Active and passive smoking exposure was identified through self-reports and tobacco metabolites (serum cotinine and urinary 4-methylnitrosamino-3-pyridyl-1-butanol). PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES AAC score was determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans. OR was estimated using the logistic regression method to assess the association between age and the presence of severe or subclinical AAC stratified by smoking exposure. The survey-weighted Wald test was used to evaluate potential interactions. RESULTS AAC was positively associated with age in the general population. After adjustment for age, sex, race/ethnicity and other cardiovascular risk factors, age was significantly associated with the odds of severe AAC (OR for each 5-year increase in age: 1.66, 95% CI 1.48 to 1.87, p<0.001). As expected, the association between age and vascular calcification was especially stronger in smokers than in never smokers (p value for interaction ≤0.014). According to spline fitting, the progression of vascular calcification was significantly increased after 45 years in smokers compared with that after 60 years in never smokers. Quitting smoking may compromise the deleteriousness of the vascellum especially in younger adults. However, the difference in age-related calcification among never smokers with or without secondhand smoke exposure was minor, regardless of the definition by self-report, serum cotinine, or urinary 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol. CONCLUSIONS Smoking significantly accelerated the progression of age-related subclinical atherosclerosis. Early smoking cessation should be encouraged among young smokers. The effect of passive smoking exposure on arteriosclerosis should be assessed further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyan Lv
- Department of Geriatrics, Qujing First People's Hospital, Qujing, Yunnan, China
| | - Shixian Wu
- Ministry of Science and education, Qujing First People's Hospital, Qujing, Yunnan, China
| | - Yungui Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Qujing First People's Hospital, Qujing, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiongli Yue
- Department of Geriatrics, Qujing First People's Hospital, Qujing, Yunnan, China
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13
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Okekunle AP, Asowata JO, Lee JE, Akpa OM. Association of Environmental tobacco smoke exposure with depression among non-smoking adults. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1755. [PMID: 34565350 PMCID: PMC8474776 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11780-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is a psychological dysfunction that impairs health and quality of life. However, whether environmental tobacco smoke exposure (ETSE) is associated with depression is poorly understood. This study was designed to evaluate the association of ETSE with depression among non-smoking adults in the United States. Method Using the 2015–2016 United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we identified 2623 adults (females – 64.2%, males – 35.8%) who had never smoked and applied multivariable adjusted-logistic regression to determine the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) at P < 0.05 for the association of ETSE with depression adjusting for relevant confounders. Results Mean age of respondents was 46.5 ± 17.9 years, 23.5% reported ETSE, and 4.7% reported depression. Also, aORs for the association of ETSE with depression were 1.992 (1.987, 1.997) among females and 0.674 (0.670, 0.677) among males. When we examined the association by age groups, the aORs were 1.792 (1.787, 1.796) among young adults (< 60 years) and 1.146 (1.140, 1.152) among older adults (≥60 years). Conclusions We found that ETSE was associated with higher odds of depression among females but not among males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Post Office200284 PMB, Ibadan, UI, 900001, Nigeria. .,The Postgraduate College, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200284, Nigeria. .,Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, IL, 08826, South Korea. .,Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, IL, 08826, South Korea.
| | - Jeffery Osahon Asowata
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Post Office200284 PMB, Ibadan, UI, 900001, Nigeria
| | - Jung Eun Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, IL, 08826, South Korea.,Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, IL, 08826, South Korea
| | - Onoja Matthew Akpa
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Post Office200284 PMB, Ibadan, UI, 900001, Nigeria. .,Center for Genomic and Precision Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200284, Nigeria. .,Preventive Cardiology Research Unit, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 200284, Nigeria.
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14
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Zhang Q, Zeng G, Wang X, Wu KH. Associations of exposure to secondhand smoke with hypertension risk and blood pressure values in adults. Environ Health Prev Med 2021; 26:86. [PMID: 34488622 PMCID: PMC8422707 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-021-01009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effects of environmental chemical exposure on blood pressure (BP) have been confirmed, but the association between exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) and hypertension risk and BP in the general population remains unknown. Methods Cross-sectional associations between SHS exposure and hypertension risk and BP values were evaluated using data for subjects who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999–2016. Logistic regression and linear regression were performed after adjusting for age, sex, race, alcohol consumption, poverty-to-income ratio (PIR), body mass index (BMI), estimated glomerular filtration rate, physical activity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and NHANES cycle. Restricted cubic spline models were created to display the potential nonlinear association between SHS and BP levels. Results Higher risk of hypertension was found at the highest SHS concentrations (OR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.04, 1.24, P for trend = 0.007). Additionally, SHS exposure had a strong positive association with systolic blood pressure (SBP) but was negatively associated with diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Furthermore, the nonlinear model result showed a significant association between SHS and SBP (P = 0.017); however, the nonlinear model result was not significant for SHS or DBP. Conclusions Our results suggest a potential association between high SHS exposure and the risk of hypertension. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12199-021-01009-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Guowei Zeng
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Kai-Hong Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 72 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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15
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Indrawati AL, Martini S. Relationship between Exposure to Cigarette Smoke in Houses and The Incidence of Hypertension in Housewives. JURNAL BERKALA EPIDEMIOLOGI 2021. [DOI: 10.20473/jbe.v9i22021.175-183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypertension is still a major health problem in the world. One of the factors causing hypertension is exposure to cigarette smoke. Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between cigarette smoke exposure and the incidence of hypertension in housewives in houses in Dampit village. Methods: This research adopted an analytical observational approach. This was a cross-sectional design study. The population for this study was all housewives in Dampit village in March 2020. A total number of 115 housewives was selected using the cluster proportional random sampling technique. The dependent variable was the incidence of hypertension; the independent variables were the duration of cigarette smoke exposure in houses, the number of instances contact was made by being in close proximity to smokers, and the contact duration with smokers. Data collection was done by interviewing respondents using a questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out using frequency tables and Epi Info. Results: The study indicated that there was a relationship between the duration of cigarette smoke exposure (over 33 years) in houses with the incidence of hypertension in housewives (p=0.01; OR=3.52; 95%CI=1.53–8.05). Similarly, there was a relationship established between the number of occasions contact was made by being in close proximity to smokers every day (over three times every day) (p=0.01; OR=36; 95%CI=7.64–168.76) and the contact duration with smokers (p=0.01; OR=8.09; 95%CI=3.13–20.87) with the incidence of hypertension in housewives. Conclusion: There was a link between the duration of cigarette smoke exposure in houses, the number of instances of being in close proximity to smokers every day, and the contact duration with smokers with the incidence of hypertension in housewives in Dampit village.
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Choi JW, Fujii T, Fujii N. Association of a Tobacco-specific Nitrosamine Carcinogen with Urinary Cotinine, Urinary Sodium Excretion, and Total Energy Intake in Adolescents and Children. Curr Med Sci 2021; 41:270-278. [PMID: 33877542 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-021-2343-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the association of a tobacco-specific nitrosamine carcinogen, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) with urinary cotinine (uCot), urinary sodium (uNa) excretion, systolic blood pressure (sBP), and total energy intake in adolescents and children in relation to the subjects' age. A total of 790 subjects aged 6-19 years were evaluated. NNAL, uCot, corrected NNAL (cNNAL), the NNAL/uCot ratio, uNa, sBP, and nutrient intake were measured. A strong association between uCot and cNNAL was observed in children who were 11 years of age (r=0.881, P<0.001); however, no significant association was noted in adolescents who were 19 years of age. The uNa level was significantly higher (133.9 mmol/L vs. 107.8 mmol/L, P<0.001) and sBP was significantly lower (105.3 mmHg vs. 110.6 mmHg, P=0.012) in adolescents with elevated NNAL than in those without elevated NNAL. NNAL was significantly higher in subjects with increased uNa excretion than in those without increased uNa excretion. NNAL was positively correlated with uNa (r=0.183, P<0.001) and negatively correlated with sBP (r=-0.142, P<0.001). Non-smokers with elevated NNAL/uCot ratios had significantly lower total energy intake than those without elevated NNAL/uCot ratios (1729.0 kcal/day vs. 1911.0 kcal/day, P=0.008). The relationship between NNAL and uCot varied according to the subjects' age. NNAL seems to play a role in decreasing sBP by enhancing uNa excretion. Insufficient nutrient intake may contribute to endogenous formation of NNAL in non-smoking adolescents and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Weon Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tatsuyoshi Fujii
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tsukuba University Hospital Mito Clinical Education and Training Center, Mito Kyodo General Hospital, Mito, 310-0015, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Fujii
- School of Medicine, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8577, Japan
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Skipina TM, Soliman EZ, Upadhya B. Association between secondhand smoke exposure and hypertension: nearly as large as smoking. J Hypertens 2020; 38:1899-1908. [PMID: 32890262 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
: Active smoking is a widely accepted risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is recognized as a major public health problem. Passive smoking, also known as secondhand smoke exposure (SHSE), is thought to have similar cardiovascular consequences and the risk has been postulated to be equivalent to that of active smoking. A major component of this risk involves the connection with chronic hypertension. There are several population-based observational studies investigating the relationship between SHSE and chronic hypertension, all of which demonstrate a positive association. Given that SHSE appears to be a risk factor for chronic hypertension, SHSE should also be a risk factor for hypertensive end-organ disease. Many studies have sought to investigate this relationship, but this has yet to be fully elucidated. In this review, we focus on the current evidence regarding the association between SHSE and hypertension as well as exploration of the links between SHSE and hypertensive end-organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis M Skipina
- Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Elsayed Z Soliman
- Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Department of Internal Medicine
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bharathi Upadhya
- Cardiovascular Medicine Section, Department of Internal Medicine
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18
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Gać P, Czerwińska K, Poręba M, Macek P, Mazur G, Poręba R. Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure Estimated Using the SHSES Scale and Epicardial Adipose Tissue Thickness in Hypertensive Patients. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2020; 21:79-87. [PMID: 32809142 PMCID: PMC7790793 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-020-09598-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between environmental tobacco smoke exposure (ETS) and epicardial adipose tissue thickness (EATT) in hypertensive patients. A total of 96 patients with essential hypertension were recruited for this study. The group consisted of 48 females and 48 males with the mean age of 69.32 ± 9.54 years. ETS was assessed with The Secondhand Smoke Exposure Scale (SHSES). EATT was assessed in 128-slice dual source coronary computed tomography angiography. In accordance to SHSES scale patients were divided into subgroups: subgroup A-no ETS exposure (SHSES = 0 points, n = 48), subgroup B-low ETS exposure (SHSES = 1-3 points, n = 11), subgroup C-medium ETS exposure (SHSES = 4-7 points, n = 20) and subgroup D-high ETS exposure (SHSES = 8-11 points, n = 17). Within the study group the mean EATT was 5.75 ± 1.85 mm and the mean SHSES score was 3.05 ± 3.74. EATT was statistically significantly higher in subgroup D than in subgroups A and B (A: 5.28 ± 1.64 mm, B: 5.04 ± 2.64 mm, D: 7.04 ± 2.64 mm, pA-D and pB-D < 0.05). There was a positive linear correlation between the exposure to ETS expressed by the SHSES scale and EATT (r = 0.44, p < 0.05). Regression analysis showed that higher SHSES score, higher BMI, and higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure are independent risk factors for higher EATT values. Contrary, the use of ACE inhibitors and β-blockers appeared to be independent protecting factor against higher EATT values. There is an unfavorable positive relationship between ETS exposure estimated using the SHSES scale and EATT in hypertensive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Gać
- Department of Hygiene, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, 50-368, Wrocław, Poland. .,Centre of Diagnostic Imaging, 4th Military Hospital, Weigla 5, 50-981, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Karolina Czerwińska
- Department of Hygiene, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 7, 50-368, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Poręba
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Marcinkowskiego 1, 50-368, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Piotr Macek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases and Hypertension, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Mazur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases and Hypertension, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Rafał Poręba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases and Hypertension, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556, Wrocław, Poland
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Silveira Serra D, Matias de Sousa A, Costa da Silva Andrade L, de Lima Gondim F, Evangelista de Ávila Dos Santos J, Moura de Oliveira ML, Torres Ávila Pimenta A. Effects of fixed oil of Caryocar coriaceum Wittm. Seeds on the respiratory system of rats in a short-term secondhand-smoke exposure model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 252:112633. [PMID: 32001275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pequi fruit are obtained from the pequi tree (Caryocar coriaceum), from which the pulp and nut are used in order to extract an oil that is commonly used in popular medicine as an antiinflammatory agent, particularly for the treatment of colds, bronchitis and bronchopulmonary infections. Making use of the fixed oil of Caryocar coriaceum (FOCC), an attractive alternative for the treatment of diseases caused by exposure to environmental tobacco smoke. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate whether oral intake FOCC provides beneficial effects in the respiratory system of rats submitted to a short-term secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experiments were performed on Wistar rats divided into 4 groups; in the SHS + O and SHS + T groups, the animals were pretreated orally with 0.5 mL of FOCC (SHS + O) or vehicle (Tween-80 [1%] solution) (SHS + T). Immediately after pretreatment, the animals were submitted to the SHS exposure protocol, for a total period of 14 days. Exposures were performed 6 times per day, with a duration of 40 min per exposure (5 cigarettes per exposure), followed by a 1-h interval between subsequent exposures. In the AA + O and AA + T groups, animals were submitted to daily oral pretreatment with 0.5 mL of FOCC (AA + O) or vehicle (AA + T). These animals were then subjected to the aforementioned exposure protocol, but using ambient air. After the exposure period, we investigated the effects of FOCC in respiratory mechanics in vivo (Newtonian resistance -RN, tissue elastance -H, tissue resistance -G, static compliance -CST, inspiratory capacity -IC, PV loop area) histopathology and lung parenchymal morphometry in vitro (polymorphonuclear cells -PMN, mean alveolar diameter -Lm, bronchoconstriction index -BCI), temporal evolution of subjects' masses, and percent composition of the FOCC. RESULTS Regarding the body mass of the animals, the results demonstrated an average body mass gain of 10.5 g for the animals in the AA + T group, and 15.5 g for those in the AA + O group. On the other hand, the body mass of animals in the SHS + T and SHS + O suffered an average loss of 14.4 and 4.75 g, respectively. Regarding respiratory system analyzes, our results demonstrated significant changes in all respiratory mechanics variables and lung parenchyma morphometry analyzed for the SHS + T group when compared to the AA + T group (p < 0,05), confirming the establishment of pulmonary injury induced by SHS exposure. We also observed that rats pretreated orally with FOCC (SHS + O) showed improvement in all variables when compared to the SHS + T group (p < 0,05), thus demonstrating the effectiveness of FOCC in preventing lung damage induced by short-term SHS exposure. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our results demonstrate that FOCC was able to prevent lung injury in rats submitted to short-term SHS exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Silveira Serra
- Center of Technological Sciences, State University of Ceará, Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, 1700, 60714-903, Fortaleza-Ceará, Ceará, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | | | - Mona Lisa Moura de Oliveira
- Center of Technological Sciences, State University of Ceará, Av. Dr. Silas Munguba, 1700, 60714-903, Fortaleza-Ceará, Ceará, Brazil
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Li L, Yang A, He X, Liu J, Ma Y, Niu J, Luo B. Indoor air pollution from solid fuels and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 259:113914. [PMID: 31935611 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.113914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are leading global health issue. More studies have linked indoor air pollution from solid fuel usage to hypertension risk, a leading risk factor for CVD. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies assessing the relationship of indoor air pollution from solid fuel with hypertension risk. Using a protocol standardized a priori, two independent reviewers searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Ovid MEDLINE, Web of Science and EMBASE for available studies published before Dec.1, 2019. A random effects model was used to analyse the pooled results. Out of 3740 articles, 47 were reviewed in depth and 11 contributing to this meta-analysis. The use of household solid fuel was significantly associated with an increased risk of hypertension (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.26 to 1.85). The smoking-controlled group (OR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.58 to 3.60) had greater effect size of hypertension than the uncontrolled group (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.10 to 1.11). These findings implicate that indoor air pollution from solid fuel may be an important risk factor for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanyu Li
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiming Yang
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaotao He
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangtao Liu
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueling Ma
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingping Niu
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Luo
- Institute of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Meteorology and Health, Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Association between Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Hypertension in 106,268 Korean Self-Reported Never-Smokers Verified by Cotinine. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8081238. [PMID: 31426428 PMCID: PMC6723357 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8081238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
No study has reported the relationship between secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and hypertension in self-reported never-smokers verified by nicotine metabolite. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between SHS exposure and hypertension in self-reported and cotinine-verified never-smokers. A total of 106,268 self-reported never-smokers, verified as nonsmokers by urinary cotinine, who participated in Kangbuk Samsung Cohort study (KSCS) between 2012 and 2016 were included. Cotinine-verified nonsmokers were defined as individuals having urinary cotinine <50 ng/mL. SHS exposure was defined as current exposure to passive smoke indoors at home or the workplace. The multivariate regression model revealed that SHS exposure was associated with hypertension (odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)), 1.16 (1.08, 1.24)). Current SHS exposure that has been exposed to home SHS (1.22 (1.11, 1.33)) as well as current SHS exposure only at the workplace (1.15 (1.02, 1.29)) significantly increased the ORs for hypertension compared to no SHS exposure. There was no significant gender interaction for the relationships between SHS exposure and hypertension. This study showed that SHS exposure was significantly associated with hypertension in self-reported never-smokers verified as nonsmokers by urinary cotinine, suggesting necessity of health program and stricter smoking regulation to reduce the risk of hypertension.
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Tamura T, Kadomatsu Y, Tsukamoto M, Okada R, Sasakabe T, Kawai S, Hishida A, Hara M, Tanaka K, Shimoshikiryo I, Takezaki T, Watanabe I, Matsui D, Nishiyama T, Suzuki S, Endoh K, Kuriki K, Kita Y, Katsuura-Kamano S, Arisawa K, Ikezaki H, Furusyo N, Koyanagi YN, Oze I, Nakamura Y, Mikami H, Naito M, Wakai K. Association of exposure level to passive smoking with hypertension among lifetime nonsmokers in Japan: a cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e13241. [PMID: 30508907 PMCID: PMC6283225 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000013241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Brief exposure to passive smoking immediately elevates blood pressure. However, little is known about the association between exposure to passive smoking and chronic hypertension. We aimed to examine this association in a cross-sectional study, after controlling multiple potential confounders.Participants included 32,098 lifetime nonsmokers (7,216 men and 24,882 women) enrolled in the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study. Passive smoking was assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. The single question about exposure to passive smoking had five response options: "sometimes or almost never," "almost every day, 2 hours/day or less," "almost every day, 2 to 4 hours/day," "almost every day, 4 to 6 hours/day," and "almost every day, 6 hours/day or longer." Hypertension was defined as any of the following: systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg, or use of antihypertensive medication. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for hypertension were estimated by exposure level to passive smoking using unconditional logistic regression models.The multivariate-adjusted OR for hypertension in those exposed almost every day was 1.11 (95% CI: 1.03-1.20) compared with those exposed sometimes or almost never. The OR for a 1-hour per day increase in exposure was 1.03 (95% CI: 1.01-1.06, Pfor trend = .006). This association was stronger in men than in women; the ORs were 1.08 (95% CI: 1.01-1.15, Pfor trend = .036) and 1.03 (95% CI: 1.00-1.05, Pfor trend = .055), respectively.Our findings suggest importance of tobacco smoke control for preventing hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Tamura
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya
| | - Yuka Kadomatsu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya
| | - Mineko Tsukamoto
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya
| | - Rieko Okada
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya
| | - Tae Sasakabe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya
- Department of Public Health, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute
| | - Sayo Kawai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya
- Department of Public Health, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute
| | - Asahi Hishida
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya
| | - Megumi Hara
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga
| | - Keitaro Tanaka
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga
| | - Ippei Shimoshikiryo
- Department of International Island and Community Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima
| | - Toshiro Takezaki
- Department of International Island and Community Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima
| | - Isao Watanabe
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto
| | - Daisuke Matsui
- Department of Epidemiology for Community Health and Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto
| | - Takeshi Nishiyama
- Department of Public Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya
| | - Sadao Suzuki
- Department of Public Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya
| | - Kaori Endoh
- Laboratory of Public Health, Division of Nutritional Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka
| | - Kiyonori Kuriki
- Laboratory of Public Health, Division of Nutritional Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka
| | - Yoshikuni Kita
- Faculty of Nursing Science, Tsuruga Nursing University, Tsuruga
| | - Sakurako Katsuura-Kamano
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima
| | - Kokichi Arisawa
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima
| | - Hiroaki Ikezaki
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka
| | - Norihiro Furusyo
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Infectious Disease, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka
| | - Yuriko N Koyanagi
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya
| | - Isao Oze
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya
| | - Yohko Nakamura
- Cancer Prevention Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba
| | - Haruo Mikami
- Cancer Prevention Center, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba
| | - Mariko Naito
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya
- Department of Oral Epidemiology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kenji Wakai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya
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