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Nguyen NN, Tran LTD, Ho NDK, Huynh LBP, Nguyen HS, Chen YC. Dietary nitrate, nitrite, and nitrosamine in association with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2023:nuad148. [PMID: 38007611 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Diabetes is a global health concern, and diet is a contributing factor to diabetes. Findings regarding the connection between nitrate, nitrite, and nitrosamine and diabetes risk are inconsistent. OBJECTIVE The aim was to examine the effects of these dietary compounds on diabetes risk. DATA SOURCES The data were sourced from PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science until February 28, 2023. Studies that reported individual-level consumption of these compounds were included. Review articles or ecological studies were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION The number of events and total observations were recorded. DATA ANALYSIS The pooled odds ratio (OR) was calculated and displayed in a forest plot. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were predefined. A dose-response meta-analysis was conducted to determine the exposure intervals that may increase the risk of disease. Six observational reports that met the inclusion criteria were included, involving 108 615 individuals. Participants in the highest quantile of nitrite intake had a greater risk of diabetes compared with those in the lowest quantile (OR, 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-2.39; I2 = 74%, P = 0.02). Higher nitrosamine consumption tended to increase diabetes risk (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 0.76-3.04; I2 = 76%; P = 0.24). The relationship was stronger for type 1 (OR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.20-2.67; I2 = 58%; P < 0.01) than for type 2 diabetes (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 0.86-2.37; I2 = 71%; P = 0.17). Additionally, nitrite consumption had a dose-dependent association with both phenotypes. No association was found between diabetes risk and high nitrate intake (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.87-1.18; I2 = 28%; P = 0.87). CONCLUSION Attention should be paid to the consumption of nitrite-containing foods. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023394462 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=394462).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam N Nguyen
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Linh T D Tran
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ngan D K Ho
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Linh B P Huynh
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung S Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Intensive Care Unit Department, Children's Hospital 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Yang-Ching Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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2
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Derdau V, Sandvoss M. Synthesis and analysis of isotopically stable labeled nitrosamines as mass spectrometry standards for drug impurity quality control. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2023; 66:41-46. [PMID: 36582077 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.4010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We describe a simple and easy pathway to synthesize nitrosamine mass spectrometry standards in good to moderate yields. N-alkylation of Boc-protected primary or secondary amines using stable isotope labeled alkyl halides yielded the key intermediates that were deprotected, and then, the nitrosamine was formed with sodium nitrite and sodium hydrogensulfate. Special attention to safety, disposal of waste, and surface cleaning was carried throughout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Derdau
- Sanofi Germany, R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, Isotope Chemistry, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Martin Sandvoss
- Sanofi Germany, R&D, Integrated Drug Discovery, Isotope Chemistry, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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3
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Khan HS, Despres-Gnis F, Stults CLM, Mullis J, Nugara N, Sen A, Nagao L. An Overview and Discussion of N- nitrosamine Considerations for Orally Inhaled Drug Products and Relevance to Other Dosage Forms. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:37. [PMID: 36653673 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of N-nitrosamines in drug products are currently an area of high regulatory and industry scrutiny, having been detected above acceptable regulatory levels in several solid oral drug products. For over 20 years, there has been an expectation that N-nitrosamines be eliminated or controlled to acceptable levels in orally inhaled and nasal drug products (OINDP). As a result, the OINDP industry has developed and implemented risk management processes and considerations to address N-nitrosamines in final drug product, including management and understanding of upstream supply particularly for OINDP device and container closure systems. We provide an overview of N-nitrosamine formation, discuss key current regulatory expectations worldwide for N-nitrosamines in drug products, discuss risk management approaches relevant for drug device combination products, and share analytical "tips" with respect to handling N-nitrosamines chemical assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - James Mullis
- PPD, Part of Thermo Fisher Scientific, Middleton, WI, USA
| | | | - Atish Sen
- AstraZeneca, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lee Nagao
- Faegre Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, 1500 K Street, NW, Suite 1100, Washington, DC, 20002, USA.
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Chittireddy HNPR, Kumar JVS, Bhimireddy A, Shaik MR, Khan M, Adil SF, Khan M, Aldhuwayhi FN. Development and Validation for Quantification of 7-Nitroso Impurity in Sitagliptin by Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography with Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2022; 27. [PMID: 36500672 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research study was to develop an analytical method for the quantification of 7-nitroso-3-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[1,2,4] triazolo [4,3-a] pyrazine (7-nitroso impurity), which is a potential genotoxic impurity. Since sitagliptin is an anti-diabetic medication used to treat type 2 diabetes and the duration of the treatment is long-term, the content of nitroso impurity must be controlled by using suitable techniques. To quantify this impurity, a highly sensitive and reproducible ultraperformance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed. The analysis was performed on a Kromasil-100, with a C18 column (100 mm × 4.6 mm with a particle size of 3.5 µm) at an oven temperature of approximately 40 °C. The mobile phase was composed of 0.12% formic acid in water, with methanol as mobile phases A and B, and the flow rate was set to 0.6 mL/min. The method was validated according to the current International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines with respect to acceptable limits, specificity, reproducibility, accuracy, linearity, precision, ruggedness and robustness. This method is useful for the detection of the impurity at the lowest limit of detection (LOD), which was 0.002 ppm, and the lowest limit of quantification (LOQ), which was 0.005 ppm. This method was linear in the range of 0.005 to 0.06 ppm and the square of the correlation coefficient (R2) was determined to be > 0.99. This method could help to determine the impurity in the regular analysis of sitagliptin drug substances and drug products.
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Andrade A, Poth T, Brobeil A, Merle U, Chamulitrat W. iPLA2β-Null Mice Show HCC Protection by an Induction of Cell-Cycle Arrest after Diethyl nitrosamine Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213760. [PMID: 36430237 PMCID: PMC9697657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Group VIA phospholipase A2 (iPLA2β) play diverse biological functions in epithelial cells and macrophages. Global deletion in iPLA2β-null (KO) mice leads to protection against hepatic steatosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, in part, due to the replenishment of the loss of hepatocellular phospholipids. As the loss of phospholipids also occurs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we hypothesized that global deletion in KO mice may lead to protection against HCC. Here, HCC induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) was chosen because DEN causes direct injury to the hepatocytes. Male wild-type (WT) and KO mice at 3-5 weeks of age (12-13 mice/group) were subjected to a single intraperitoneal treatment with 10 mg/kg DEN, and mice were killed 12 months later. Analyses of histology, plasma cytokines, and gene expression were performed. Due to the low-dose DEN used, we observed a liver nodule in 3 of 13 WT and 2 of 12 KO mice. Only one DEN-treated WT mouse was confirmed to have HCC. DEN-treated KO mice did not show any HCC but showed suppressed hepatic expression of cell-cycle cyclinD2 and BCL2 as well as inflammatory markers IL-1β, IL-10, and VCAM-1. Notably, DEN-treated KO mice showed increased hepatic necrosis and elevated levels of plasma lactate dehydrogenase suggesting an exacerbation of liver injury. Thus, global iPLA2β deficiency in DEN-treated mice rendered HCC protection by an induction of cell-cycle arrest. Our results suggest the role of iPLA2β inhibition in HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Andrade
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology and Infectious Disease), University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tanja Poth
- Center for Model System and Comparative Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Brobeil
- Tissuebank of the NCT, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uta Merle
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology and Infectious Disease), University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walee Chamulitrat
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Gastroenterology and Infectious Disease), University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence:
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Liu Y, Guo X, Wang Z, Zhang Q, Ma Q, Lv Q. Research progress of N- nitrosamine detection methods: a review. Bioanalysis 2022. [PMID: 36125029 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2022-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Nitrosamines (nitrosamines) are attracting increased attention because of their high toxicity and wide distribution. They have been strictly restricted by regulations in many fields. Researchers around the world have conducted substantial work on nitrosamine detection. This paper reviews the progress of research on nitrosamine detection methods with emphasis on biological-matrix samples. After introducing the category, toxicity, regulatory limit and source of nitrosamines, the paper discusses the most commonly used sample-preparation techniques and instrumental-detection techniques for nitrosamine detection, including some typical application cases.
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Kumar A, Naithani M, Kumar N, Singh N, Agrawal S, Sharma A, Thapliyal S, Singh J, Handu S. Piperlongumine inhibits diethyl nitrosamine induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271211073593. [PMID: 35113675 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211073593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Piperlongumine (PL) has been claimed to have cytotoxic and HCC inhibitory effects in various cancer cell lines and xenograft models, but the chemopreventive potential of PL has not been studied in experimentally induced HCC yet. RESEARCH DESIGN Twenty-four Wistar male rats were divided into four groups of six each, Group A: untreated control; Group B: Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) control (200 mg/kg), Group C: DEN + PL 10 mg/kg; and Group D: DEN + PL 20 mg/kg. Rats from all groups were assessed for liver cancer progression or inhibition by evaluating biochemical, cytokines, tumor markers, lipid peroxidation, and histological profiles. RESULTS The liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels, and lipid peroxidation were significantly decreased in Group C and Group D compared to Group B. Upregulation in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1B, TNF-α, inflammatory mediator (NF-κB) and tumour marker alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in Group B were brought down upon treatment with piperlongumine in a dose-dependent manner. Antitumor cytokine (IL-12) was upregulated in PL-treated rats compared to DEN control rats. DEN treated group (Group B) showed histological features of HCC, and in rats treated with PL (Groups C, D) partial to complete reversal to normal liver histoarchitecture was observed. CONCLUSIONS The potential chemopreventive actions of piperlongumine may be due to its free radical scavenging and antiproliferative effect. Therefore, piperlongumine may serve as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, 442339All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, India
| | - Manisha Naithani
- Department of Biochemistry, 442339All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, 442339All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, India
| | - Neha Singh
- Department of Pathology, 442339All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, India
| | - Shruti Agrawal
- Department of Pathology, 442339All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, India
| | - Ambika Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science, 80499DUVASU, Mathura, India
| | - Surabhi Thapliyal
- Department of Pharmacology, 442339All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, India
| | - Jagjit Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, 442339All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, India
| | - Shailendra Handu
- Department of Pharmacology, 442339All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Rishikesh, India
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8
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Zheng J, Daniel CR, Hatia RI, Stuff J, Abdelhakeem AA, Rashid A, Chun YS, Jalal PK, Kaseb AO, Li D, Hassan MM. Dietary N-Nitroso Compounds and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A USA-Based Study. Hepatology 2021; 74:3161-3173. [PMID: 34233041 PMCID: PMC8639645 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS N-nitroso compounds (NOCs) are among the most potent dietary carcinogens. N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), and N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP) are abundant in foods and carcinogenic to the liver. We investigated the relationship between dietary NOCs and HCC risk. APPROACH AND RESULTS In this large, hospital-based, case-control study of 827 pathologically or radiologically confirmed HCC cases and 1,013 controls, NOC intake was calculated by linking food frequency questionnaire-derived dietary data with a comprehensive NOC concentration database. Multivariable-adjusted ORs and 95% CIs of HCC by quartiles of NOC consumption were estimated using logistic regression models, with the lowest quartile as the referent. We further investigated joint effects of consuming the highest quartile of NOCs that were associated with increased HCC risk and hepatitis, diabetes, or alcohol drinking on HCC risk. After adjustment for confounding factors, higher intake of NDEA from plant sources (ORQ4 vs. Q1 = 1.58; 95% CI = 1.03-2.41), NDMA from plant sources (ORQ4 vs. Q1 = 1.54; 95% CI = 1.01-2.34), and NPIP (ORQ4 vs. Q1 = 2.52; 95% CI = 1.62-3.94) was associated with increased HCC risk. No association was observed for nitrate or total NOC intake and HCC risk. Higher consumption of HCC-inducing NOCs and positive hepatitis virus status jointly increased the risk of developing HCC. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, though some of our findings may indicate the presence of reverse causation owing to lower meat intake among cases with chronic liver diseases before HCC diagnosis, the potent dietary HCC carcinogens, NDEA, NDMA, and NPIP, and their enhanced carcinogenic effects among chronic carriers of hepatitis virus warrant further prospective investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Carrie R Daniel
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Rikita I Hatia
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Janice Stuff
- USDA Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Ahmed A Abdelhakeem
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Asif Rashid
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yun Shin Chun
- Division of Surgery, Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Prasun K Jalal
- Division of Abdominal Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Ahmed O Kaseb
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Donghui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Manal M Hassan
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Johnson GE, Dobo K, Gollapudi B, Harvey J, Kenny J, Kenyon M, Lynch A, Minocherhomji S, Nicolette J, Thybaud V, Wheeldon R, Zeller A. Permitted daily exposure limits for noteworthy N- nitrosamines. Environ Mol Mutagen 2021; 62:293-305. [PMID: 34089278 DOI: 10.1002/em.22446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A genotoxic carcinogen, N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), was detected as a synthesis impurity in some valsartan drugs in 2018, and other N-nitrosamines, such as N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), were later detected in other sartan products. N-nitrosamines are pro-mutagens that can react with DNA following metabolism to produce DNA adducts, such as O6 -alkyl-guanine. The adducts can result in DNA replication miscoding errors leading to GC>AT mutations and increased risk of genomic instability and carcinogenesis. Both NDMA and NDEA are known rodent carcinogens in male and female rats. The DNA repair enzyme, methylguanine DNA-methyltransferase can restore DNA integrity via the removal of alkyl groups from guanine in an error-free fashion and this can result in nonlinear dose responses and a point of departure or "practical threshold" for mutation at low doses of exposure. Following International recommendations (ICHM7; ICHQ3C and ICHQ3D), we calculated permissible daily exposures (PDE) for NDMA and NDEA using published rodent cancer bioassay and in vivo mutagenicity data to determine benchmark dose values and define points of departure and adjusted with appropriate uncertainty factors (UFs). PDEs for NDMA were 6.2 and 0.6 μg/person/day for cancer and mutation, respectively, and for NDEA, 2.2 and 0.04 μg/person/day. Both PDEs are higher than the acceptable daily intake values (96 ng for NDMA and 26.5 ng for NDEA) calculated by regulatory authorities using simple linear extrapolation from carcinogenicity data. These PDE calculations using a bench-mark approach provide a more robust assessment of exposure limits compared with simple linear extrapolations and can better inform risk to patients exposed to the contaminated sartans.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Johnson
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Krista Dobo
- Genetic Toxicology, Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Bhaskar Gollapudi
- Center for Toxicology and Mechanistic Biology, Exponent Consulting, Midland, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | - Michelle Kenyon
- Genetic Toxicology, Drug Safety Research and Development, Pfizer, Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | - John Nicolette
- Genetic, Environmental and Occupational Toxicology, AbbVie, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Ryan Wheeldon
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, Wales, UK
| | - Andreas Zeller
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, pRED Innovation Center Basel, Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
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Fan Y, Gong X, Wang N, Mu KT, Feng L, Qiao FY, Chen SH, Zeng WJ, Liu HY, Wu YY, Zhou Q, Tian Y, Li Q, Xie Y, Li FF, He MZ, Beejadhursing R, Deng DR, Xu XY. A Participant-assigned Interventional Research of Precesarean Internal Iliac Artery Balloon Catheterization for Managing Intraoperative Hemorrhage of Placenta Previa and Placenta Accreta Spectrum Disorders After Cesarean Section. Curr Med Sci 2021; 41:336-341. [PMID: 33877551 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-021-2352-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Placenta accreta spectrum disorder (PASD) and placenta previa (PP) are two of the most hideous obstetric complications which are usually associated with a history of cesarean section (CS). Moreover, women with PASD, PP and/or a cesarean scarred uterus are more likely to have adverse pregnancy outcomes, including blood transfusion, hysterectomy, pelvic organs damage, postpartum hemorrhage, disseminated intravascular coagulation, multi-organ dysfunction syndrome and even maternal or fetal death. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of precesarean internal iliac artery balloon catheterization (BC) for managing severe hemorrhage caused by PASD and PP with a history of CS. This participant-assigned interventional study was conducted in Tongji Hospital. We recruited 128 women with suspected PASD, PP and a history of CS. Women in the BC group accepted precesarean BC of bilateral internal iliac arteries before the scheduled cesarean delivery. Women in the control group underwent a conventional cesarean delivery. Intraoperative hemorrhage, transfusion volume, radiation dose, exposure time, complications and neonatal outcomes were discussed. There were significant differences in calculated blood loss (CBL) between BC group and control group (1015.0±144.9 vs. 1467.0±171.0 mL, P=0.04). Precesarean BC could reduce intraoperative red blood cell (RBC) transfusion as compared with control group (799.5±136.1 vs. 1286.0±161.6 mL, P=0.02) and lessen the rate of using blood products (57.1% vs. 76.4%, P=0.02). The incidence of hysterectomy was also lower in BC group than in control group. Postpartum outcomes showed no significant differences between the two groups, except that postoperation hospitalization was longer in BC group than in control group (6.7±0.4 vs. 5.8±0.2 days, P=0.03). Precesarean BC of internal iliac artery is an effective method for managing severe hemorrhage caused by PASD and PP with a cesarean scarred uterus, as it could reduce intraoperative blood loss, lessen intraoperative RBC transfusions and potentially decrease hysterectomies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Fan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xun Gong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ke-Tao Mu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ling Feng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Fu-Yuan Qiao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Su-Hua Chen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wan-Jiang Zeng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hai-Yi Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qiong Zhou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yin Xie
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Fan-Fan Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Meng-Zhou He
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Rajluxmee Beejadhursing
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dong-Rui Deng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Xiao-Yan Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
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Mayer A, Rindelaub J, Miskelly GM. Nitrosamine formation from the reaction of methamphetamine with gaseous nitrous acid. Drug Test Anal 2021; 14:474-480. [PMID: 33864657 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine is the most commonly seized amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS) worldwide. Chemical residues associated with the use or manufacture of methamphetamine can persist in the air and surfaces in a property for over 5 years and potentially pose risks to the health and safety of the public. When a house is tested for contamination, the test focuses on the presence of surface methamphetamine residue; however, other hazardous chemicals may also be present, including methamphetamine precursors and reaction products. As little has been reported about the ageing of the methamphetamine inside dwellings, there is currently large uncertainty regarding its fate and/or degradation products in such environments. If the indoor reactivity of methamphetamine is similar to that of nicotine-derived third-hand smoke, the production of a carcinogenic nitrosamine is an expected result. Thus, this proof-of-concept study investigated the reaction of methamphetamine with the common gaseous indoor oxidant nitrous acid (HONO) and monitored the fate of the resulting reaction products in simulated laboratory experiments to further understand the potential health risks associated with contaminated properties. Surface methamphetamine residue was observed to decrease with an exponential decay with an upper limit of 2.38 ± 0.5 × 10-3 min-1 upon exposure to HONO gas (5.7 ppmv, 0.25 L min-1 ). N-nitrosomethamphetamine (NMA), a suspected human mutagen and carcinogen, was detected to have a steady-state formation over the sampling time frame, with a surface area concentration of 0.87 μg/100 cm2 , suggesting that the risks to public health for properties contaminated with methamphetamine may be currently underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Mayer
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joel Rindelaub
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gordon M Miskelly
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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12
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Bonifacie A, Gatellier P, Promeyrat A, Nassy G, Picgirard L, Scislowski V, Santé-Lhoutellier V, Théron L. New Insights into the Chemical Reactivity of Dry-Cured Fermented Sausages: Focus on Nitrosation, Nitrosylation and Oxidation. Foods 2021; 10:852. [PMID: 33919785 PMCID: PMC8070781 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrite and nitrate are added to cured meat for their bacteriological, technological and sensorial properties. However, they are suspected to be involved in the formation of nitroso compounds (NOCs), such as potentially mutagenic nitrosamines, nitrosylheme and nitrosothiols. Controlling the sanitary and sensorial qualities of cured meat products by reducing these additives requires elucidating the mechanisms involved in the formation of NOCs. To this end, we studied the dose-response relationship of added sodium nitrite and/or sodium nitrate (0/0, 80/80, 0/200, and 120/120 ppm) on the formation of NOCs in dry cured fermented sausages. The results showed a basal heme iron nitrosylation in the absence of NaNO2/NaNO3 due to starter cultures. This reaction was promoted by the addition of NaNO2/NaNO3 in the other conditions. Reducing the dose to 80/80 ppm still limits lipid oxidation without the formation of non-volatile nitrosamines. Conversely, the addition of NO2/NO3 slightly increases protein oxidation through higher carbonyl content. The use of 80/80 ppm could be a means of reducing these additives in dry-cured fermented meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Bonifacie
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), UR370 Qualité des Produits Animaux, F-63122 Saint Genès-Champanelle, France; (A.B.); (P.G.); (V.S.-L.)
- IFIP—Institut du Porc, 7 Avenue du Général De Gaulle, F-94700 Maisons Alfort, France
| | - Philippe Gatellier
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), UR370 Qualité des Produits Animaux, F-63122 Saint Genès-Champanelle, France; (A.B.); (P.G.); (V.S.-L.)
| | - Aurélie Promeyrat
- IFIP—Institut du Porc, La Motte au Vicomte, BP 35104, F-35561 Le Rheu CEDEX, France; (A.P.); (G.N.)
| | - Gilles Nassy
- IFIP—Institut du Porc, La Motte au Vicomte, BP 35104, F-35561 Le Rheu CEDEX, France; (A.P.); (G.N.)
| | - Laurent Picgirard
- Association Pour le Développement de l’Industrie de la Viande (ADIV), 10, Rue Jacqueline Auriol, F-63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (L.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Valérie Scislowski
- Association Pour le Développement de l’Industrie de la Viande (ADIV), 10, Rue Jacqueline Auriol, F-63039 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (L.P.); (V.S.)
| | - Véronique Santé-Lhoutellier
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), UR370 Qualité des Produits Animaux, F-63122 Saint Genès-Champanelle, France; (A.B.); (P.G.); (V.S.-L.)
| | - Laetitia Théron
- Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), UR370 Qualité des Produits Animaux, F-63122 Saint Genès-Champanelle, France; (A.B.); (P.G.); (V.S.-L.)
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13
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Choi JW, Fujii T, Fujii N. Association of a Tobacco-specific Nitrosamine Carcinogen with Urinary Cotinine, Urinary Sodium Excretion, and Total Energy Intake in Adolescents and Children. Curr Med Sci 2021; 41:270-278. [PMID: 33877542 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-021-2343-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the association of a tobacco-specific nitrosamine carcinogen, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) with urinary cotinine (uCot), urinary sodium (uNa) excretion, systolic blood pressure (sBP), and total energy intake in adolescents and children in relation to the subjects' age. A total of 790 subjects aged 6-19 years were evaluated. NNAL, uCot, corrected NNAL (cNNAL), the NNAL/uCot ratio, uNa, sBP, and nutrient intake were measured. A strong association between uCot and cNNAL was observed in children who were 11 years of age (r=0.881, P<0.001); however, no significant association was noted in adolescents who were 19 years of age. The uNa level was significantly higher (133.9 mmol/L vs. 107.8 mmol/L, P<0.001) and sBP was significantly lower (105.3 mmHg vs. 110.6 mmHg, P=0.012) in adolescents with elevated NNAL than in those without elevated NNAL. NNAL was significantly higher in subjects with increased uNa excretion than in those without increased uNa excretion. NNAL was positively correlated with uNa (r=0.183, P<0.001) and negatively correlated with sBP (r=-0.142, P<0.001). Non-smokers with elevated NNAL/uCot ratios had significantly lower total energy intake than those without elevated NNAL/uCot ratios (1729.0 kcal/day vs. 1911.0 kcal/day, P=0.008). The relationship between NNAL and uCot varied according to the subjects' age. NNAL seems to play a role in decreasing sBP by enhancing uNa excretion. Insufficient nutrient intake may contribute to endogenous formation of NNAL in non-smoking adolescents and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Weon Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, 22332, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tatsuyoshi Fujii
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tsukuba University Hospital Mito Clinical Education and Training Center, Mito Kyodo General Hospital, Mito, 310-0015, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Fujii
- School of Medicine, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8577, Japan
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14
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Kay JE, Corrigan JJ, Armijo AL, Nazari IS, Kohale IN, Torous DK, Avlasevich SL, Croy RG, Wadduwage DN, Carrasco SE, Dertinger SD, White FM, Essigmann JM, Samson LD, Engelward BP. Excision of mutagenic replication-blocking lesions suppresses cancer but promotes cytotoxicity and lethality in nitrosamine-exposed mice. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108864. [PMID: 33730582 PMCID: PMC8527524 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a DNA-methylating agent that has been discovered to contaminate water, food, and drugs. The alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (AAG) removes methylated bases to initiate the base excision repair (BER) pathway. To understand how gene-environment interactions impact disease susceptibility, we study Aag-knockout (Aag-/-) and Aag-overexpressing mice that harbor increased levels of either replication-blocking lesions (3-methyladenine [3MeA]) or strand breaks (BER intermediates), respectively. Remarkably, the disease outcome switches from cancer to lethality simply by changing AAG levels. To understand the underlying basis for this observation, we integrate a suite of molecular, cellular, and physiological analyses. We find that unrepaired 3MeA is somewhat toxic, but highly mutagenic (promoting cancer), whereas excess strand breaks are poorly mutagenic and highly toxic (suppressing cancer and promoting lethality). We demonstrate that the levels of a single DNA repair protein tip the balance between blocks and breaks and thus dictate the disease consequences of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Kay
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 01239, USA; Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 01239, USA
| | - Joshua J Corrigan
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 01239, USA; Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 01239, USA
| | - Amanda L Armijo
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 01239, USA; Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 01239, USA; Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 01239, USA
| | - Ilana S Nazari
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 01239, USA
| | - Ishwar N Kohale
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 01239, USA; Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 01239, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 01239, USA; Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 01239, USA
| | | | | | - Robert G Croy
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 01239, USA; Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 01239, USA
| | - Dushan N Wadduwage
- The John Harvard Distinguished Science Fellows Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Center for Advanced Imaging, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Sebastian E Carrasco
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 01239, USA
| | | | - Forest M White
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 01239, USA; Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 01239, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 01239, USA; Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 01239, USA
| | - John M Essigmann
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 01239, USA; Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 01239, USA; Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 01239, USA
| | - Leona D Samson
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 01239, USA; Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 01239, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 01239, USA
| | - Bevin P Engelward
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 01239, USA; Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 01239, USA.
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15
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de la Monte SM, Moriel N, Lin A, Abdullah Tanoukhy N, Homans C, Gallucci G, Tong M, Saito A. Betel Quid Health Risks of Insulin Resistance Diseases in Poor Young South Asian Native and Immigrant Populations. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:ijerph17186690. [PMID: 32937888 PMCID: PMC7558723 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Betel quid, traditionally prepared with areca nut, betel leaf, and slaked lime, has been consumed for thousands of years, mainly in the form of chewing. Originally used for cultural, medicinal, and ceremonial purposes mainly in South Asian countries, its use has recently spread across the globe due to its psychoactive, euphoric, and aphrodisiac properties. Now it is widely used as a social lubricant and source of financial profit. Unfortunately, the profit motive has led to high rates of habitual consumption with eventual conversion to addiction among young girls and boys. Moreover, the worrisome practice of including tobacco in quid preparations has grown, particularly among pregnant women. Major health concerns include increased rates of malignancy, oral pathology, and cardiovascular, hepatic, fertility, metabolic, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Metabolic disorders and insulin resistance disease states such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, and metabolic syndrome contribute to cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. Mechanistically, the constituents of areca nut/betel quid are metabolized to N-nitroso compounds, i.e., nitrosamines, which are carcinogenic at high doses and cause insulin resistance following chronic low-level exposures. From an epidemiological perspective, the rising tide of insulin resistance diseases including obesity, diabetes, and dementias that now disproportionately burden poor countries has been propagated by rapid commercialization and enhanced access to betel quid. Public health measures are needed to impose socially and ethically responsible barriers to yet another cause of global health disparity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M. de la Monte
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI 02808, USA
- Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Providence, RI 02808, USA
- Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02808, USA
- Departments of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02808, USA; (G.G.); (M.T.)
- Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neuropathology, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Natalia Moriel
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology at Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (N.M.); (A.L.); (N.A.T.)
| | - Amy Lin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology at Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (N.M.); (A.L.); (N.A.T.)
| | - Nada Abdullah Tanoukhy
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology at Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA; (N.M.); (A.L.); (N.A.T.)
| | - Camille Homans
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
| | - Gina Gallucci
- Departments of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02808, USA; (G.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Ming Tong
- Departments of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02808, USA; (G.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Ayumi Saito
- Department of Epidemiology in the School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA;
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16
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Waly MI, Al-Bulushi IM, Al-Hinai S, Guizani N, Al-Malki RN, Rahman MS. The Protective Effect of Curcumin against Nitrosamine-Induced Gastric Oxidative Stress in Rats. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2019; 23:288-293. [PMID: 30675457 PMCID: PMC6342541 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2018.23.4.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin has a wide spectrum of biological, pharmaceutical, and antioxidant effects in cancer experimental models. Nitrosamine is commonly used as an experimental oxidizing agent which induces gastric oxidative stress and gastric carcinogenesis in rats. We examined the antioxidant potential effect of curcumin against nitrosamine-induced gastric oxidative stress in rats. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (10 rats/group). The control group was fed a standard diet and received a single dose of normal saline, the nitrosamine-treated group was fed a standard diet and received an intraperitoneal injection of nitrosamine at a single dose of 100 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). The other two groups received a daily dose of curcumin (200 mg/kg b.w.) via intra-gastric intubation in the presence or absence of nitrosamine injection. After 16 weeks, all rats were sacrificed, and the gastric tissues were dissected for histopathological examination and for biochemical measurements of oxidative stress indices. Our results showed that nitrosamine causes oxidative stress in gastric tissues as evidenced by glutathione depletion, increased level of lipid peroxides, nitric oxide release, impairment of total antioxidant capacity, DNA oxidative damage, and inhibition of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase). Histopathological findings revealed abnormal gastric architecture in association with nitrosamine injection compared to the non-treated control group. Curcumin significantly suppressed the gastric oxidative damage associated with nitrosamine treatment and mitigated its histopathological effect. These results suggest that curcumin, as an antioxidant, has a therapeutic effect against oxidative stress-mediated gastric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Ibrahim Waly
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman.,Nutrition Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Ismail M Al-Bulushi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Shaimaa Al-Hinai
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Nejib Guizani
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Raya Nasser Al-Malki
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
| | - Mohammad Shafiur Rahman
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
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17
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Abstract
The tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is a potent pulmonary carcinogen in laboratory animals. It is classified as a Group 1 human carcinogen by the International Agency for Cancer Research. NNK is bioactivated upon cytochrome P450 catalyzed hydroxylation of the carbon atoms adjacent to the nitrosamino group to both methylating and pyridyloxobutylating agents. Both pathways generate a spectrum of DNA damage that contributes to the overall mutagenic and toxic properties of this compound. NNK is also reduced to form 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), which is also carcinogenic. Like NNK, NNAL requires metabolic activation to DNA alkylating agents. Methyl hydroxylation of NNAL generates pyridylhydroxybutyl DNA adducts, and methylene hydroxylation leads to DNA methyl adducts. The consequence of this complex metabolism is that NNK generates a vast spectrum of DNA damage, any form of which can contribute to the overall carcinogenic properties of this potent pulmonary carcinogen. This Perspective reviews the chemistry and genotoxic properties of the collection of DNA adducts formed from NNK. In addition, it provides evidence that multiple adducts contribute to the overall carcinogenic properties of this chemical. The adduct that contributes to the genotoxic effects of NNK depends on the context, such as the relative amounts of each DNA alkylating pathway occurring in the model system, the levels and genetic variants of key repair enzymes, and the gene targeted for mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Peterson
- Masonic Cancer Center and Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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18
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Lewis D, Mama J, Hawkes J. A Review of Aspects of Oxidative Hair Dye Chemistry with Special Reference to N- Nitrosamine Formation. Materials (Basel) 2013; 6:517-534. [PMID: 28809322 PMCID: PMC5452089 DOI: 10.3390/ma6020517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses a new aspect to the safety profile of oxidative hair dyes using data already in the public domain. These dyes contain secondary amines that are capable of forming potentially carcinogenic nitrosamine derivatives when exposed to atmospheric pollution. Numerous scientific articles confirm the existence of secondary amines in hair dyes (and their intermediates), the possibility of nitrosation by atmospheric NOx of secondary amines to give the N-nitrosamines, and the significant safety risks on N-nitrosamines. It is believed that such nitrosamine derivatives should be investigated more fully in the interests of consumer safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lewis
- Perachem Limited, 1 Sizers Court, Henshaw Lane, Yeadon, Leeds LS19 7DP, UK.
| | - John Mama
- Perachem Limited, 1 Sizers Court, Henshaw Lane, Yeadon, Leeds LS19 7DP, UK.
| | - Jamie Hawkes
- Perachem Limited, 1 Sizers Court, Henshaw Lane, Yeadon, Leeds LS19 7DP, UK.
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19
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Abstract
Growing evidence supports roles for brain insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) resistance and metabolic dysfunction in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Whether the underlying problem stems from a primary disorder of central nervous system (CNS) neurons and glia, or secondary effects of systemic diseases such as obesity, Type 2 diabetes, or metabolic syndrome, the end-results include impaired glucose utilization, mitochondrial dysfunction, increased oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and the propagation of cascades that result in the accumulation of neurotoxic misfolded, aggregated, and ubiquitinated fibrillar proteins. This article reviews the roles of impaired insulin and IGF signaling to AD-associated neuronal loss, synaptic disconnection, tau hyperphosphorylation, amyloid-beta accumulation, and impaired energy metabolism, and discusses therapeutic strategies and lifestyle approaches that could be used to prevent, delay the onset, or reduce the severity of AD. Finally, it is critical to recognize that AD is heterogeneous and has a clinical course that fully develops over a period of several decades. Therefore, early and multi-modal preventive and treatment approaches should be regarded as essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M de la Monte
- Department of Neurology, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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20
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Sleiman M, Gundel LA, Pankow JF, Jacob P, Singer BC, Destaillats H. Formation of carcinogens indoors by surface-mediated reactions of nicotine with nitrous acid, leading to potential thirdhand smoke hazards. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:6576-81. [PMID: 20142504 PMCID: PMC2872399 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0912820107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study shows that residual nicotine from tobacco smoke sorbed to indoor surfaces reacts with ambient nitrous acid (HONO) to form carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs). Substantial levels of TSNAs were measured on surfaces inside a smoker's vehicle. Laboratory experiments using cellulose as a model indoor material yielded a > 10-fold increase of surface-bound TSNAs when sorbed secondhand smoke was exposed to 60 ppbv HONO for 3 hours. In both cases we identified 1-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridinyl)-4-butanal, a TSNA absent in freshly emitted tobacco smoke, as the major product. The potent carcinogens 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridinyl)-1-butanone and N-nitroso nornicotine were also detected. Time-course measurements revealed fast TSNA formation, with up to 0.4% conversion of nicotine. Given the rapid sorption and persistence of high levels of nicotine on indoor surfaces-including clothing and human skin-this recently identified process represents an unappreciated health hazard through dermal exposure, dust inhalation, and ingestion. These findings raise concerns about exposures to the tobacco smoke residue that has been recently dubbed "thirdhand smoke." Our work highlights the importance of reactions at indoor interfaces, particularly those involving amines and NO(x)/HONO cycling, with potential health impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Sleiman
- Indoor Environment Department, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS 70-108B, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Lara A. Gundel
- Indoor Environment Department, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS 70-108B, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - James F. Pankow
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201
| | - Peyton Jacob
- Departments of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, CA 94143; and
| | - Brett C. Singer
- Indoor Environment Department, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS 70-108B, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Hugo Destaillats
- Indoor Environment Department, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS 70-108B, Berkeley, CA 94720
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287
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21
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Tsujiuchi T, Furukawa M, Obo Y, Yamasaki A, Hotta M, Kusunoki C, Suyama N, Mori T, Honoki K, Fukushima N. Infrequent mutation of lysophosphatidic Acid receptor-1 gene in hamster pancreatic duct adenocarcinomas and established cell lines. J Toxicol Pathol 2009; 22:89-92. [PMID: 22271981 PMCID: PMC3246023 DOI: 10.1293/tox.22.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Accepted: 12/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the involvement of lysophosphatidic acid receptor-1 (LPA1) gene alteration in pancreatic carcinogenesis, we investigated mutations in the LPA1 gene in hamster pancreatic duct adenocarcinomas (PDAs) and established cell lines. Female Syrian golden hamsters received 30 mg/kg of N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP) followed by repeated exposure to an augmentation pressure regimen consisting of a choline-deficient diet combined with DL-ethionine and then L-methionine and a further administration of 20 mg/kg BOP. A total of 10 PDAs obtained 10 weeks after beginning the experiment and three cell lines established from subcutaneously transplantable PDAs in syngeneic hamsters were examined for mutations using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (RT-PCR-SSCP) analysis. A mutation was detected in only one PDA (1/10, 10%) in the form of a GGA to GTA (Gly to Val) transversion at codon 355, and no mutations were detected in the three cell lines. These results suggest that the LPA1 gene mutation may play roles in a limited fraction of BOP-induced pancreatic duct carcinogenesis in hamsters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Tsujiuchi
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, 3–4–1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Mami Furukawa
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, 3–4–1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yumi Obo
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, 3–4–1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Ayako Yamasaki
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, 3–4–1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Mayuko Hotta
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, 3–4–1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Chie Kusunoki
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, 3–4–1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Naoko Suyama
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University, 3–4–1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Toshio Mori
- RI Center, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Kanya Honoki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Fukushima
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kinki University, 3–4–1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
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22
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Tong M, Neusner A, Longato L, Lawton M, Wands JR, de la Monte SM. Nitrosamine exposure causes insulin resistance diseases: relevance to type 2 diabetes mellitus, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2009; 17:827-844. [PMID: 20387270 PMCID: PMC2952429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The current epidemics of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) all represent insulin-resistance diseases. Previous studies showed that streptozotocin, a nitrosamine-related com-pound, causes insulin resistance diseases including, T2DM, NASH, and AD-type neurodegeneration. We hypothesize that chronic human exposure to nitrosamine compounds, which are widely present in processed foods, contributes to the pathogenesis of T2DM, NASH, and AD. Long Evans rat pups were treated with N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) by i.p. (x3) or i.c. (x1) injection, and 2-4 weeks later, they were evaluated for cognitive-motor dysfunction, insulin resistance, and neurodegeneration using behavioral, biochemical, and molecular approaches. NDEA treatment caused T2DM, NASH, deficits in motor function and spatial learning, and neurodegeneration characterized by insulin resistance and deficiency, lipid peroxidation, cell loss, increased levels of amyloid-beta protein precursor/amyloid-beta, phospho-tau, and ubiquitin immunoreactivities, and upregulated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine and pro-ceramide genes, which together promote insulin resistance. In conclusion, environmental and food contaminant exposures to nitrosamines play critical roles in the pathogenesis of major insulin resistance diseases including T2DM, NASH, and AD. Improved detection and prevention of human exposures to nitrosamines will lead to earlier treatments and eventual quelling of these costly and devastating epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Suzanne M. de la Monte
- Corresponding author: Dr. Suzanne M. de la Monte, MD, MPH, Pierre Galletti Research Building, Rhode Island Hospital, 55 Claverick Street, Room 419, Providence, RI 02903, USA. Tel.: +1 401 444 7364; Fax: +1 401 444 2939; Suzanne DeLaMonte
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23
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Abstract
Streptozotocin (STZ) is a nitrosamine-related compound that causes Alzheimer's disease (AD)-type neurodegeneration with cognitive impairment, brain insulin resistance, and brain insulin deficiency. Nitrosamines and STZ mediate their adverse effects by causing DNA damage, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, pro-inflammatory cytokine activation, and cell death, all of which occur in AD. We tested the hypothesis that exposure to N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), which is widely present in processed/preserved foods, causes AD-type molecular and biochemical abnormalities in central nervous system (CNS) neurons. NDEA treatment of cultured post-mitotic rat CNS neurons (48 h) produced dose-dependent impairments in ATP production and mitochondrial function, and increased levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, phospho-tau, amyloid-beta protein precursor-amyloid-beta (A beta PP-A beta), and ubiquitin immunoreactivity. These effects were associated with decreased expression of insulin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, and IGF-II receptors, and choline acetyltransferase. Nitrosamine exposure causes neurodegeneration with a number of molecular and biochemical features of AD including impairments in energy metabolism, insulin/IGF signaling mechanisms, and acetylcholine homeostasis, together with increased levels of oxidative stress, DNA damage, and A beta PP-A beta immunoreactivity. These results suggest that environmental exposures and food contaminants may play critical roles in the pathogenesis of sporadic AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M de la Monte
- Department of Pathology, Rhode Island Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA. SuzanneDeLaMonte
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24
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Tsujiuchi T, Sasaki Y, Tsutsumi M, Konishi Y. Mutations and reduced expression of the transforming growth factor-beta receptor II gene in rat lung adenocarcinomas induced by N-nitrosobis-(2-hydroxypropyl)amine. Jpn J Cancer Res 2000; 91:1090-5. [PMID: 11092971 PMCID: PMC5926282 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2000.tb00889.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations and expression of the transforming growth factor-beta receptor type II (TGF-beta RII) gene were investigated in lung adenocarcinomas induced by N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine (BHP) in rats. Males of the Wistar strain, 6 weeks old, were given 2000 ppm of BHP in their drinking water for 12 weeks and then maintained without further treatment until killed at week 25. Total RNA was extracted from 12 adenocarcinomas and mutations in TGF-beta RII were investigated by RT-PCR-restriction-SSCP analysis followed by sequencing analysis. Two out of 12 adenocarcinomas showed band shifts, indicative of mutations (16.7%). One was a CTG-to-TTG (Leu to Leu) transition at codon 308 without amino acid alteration and the other a frameshift deletion of one of two guanines at nucleotides 1434 to 1435 (codon 477 to 478). Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis demonstrated significantly reduced TGF-beta RII expression in adenocarcinomas, as compared with normal lung tissue. These results suggest that TGF-beta RII alterations may play a role in the acquisition of growth advantage by lung adenocarcinomas induced by BHP in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tsujiuchi
- Department of Oncological Pathology, Cancer Center, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan.
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25
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Abstract
The expression of interleukins (ILs) in lung adenocarcinomas induced by N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine (BHP) in rats was investigated using a multiprobe RNase protection assay (RPA) followed by densitometric quantification. Male Wistar rats, 6 weeks old, were given 2000 ppm BHP in their drinking water for 12 weeks and maintained without further treatment until they were killed at week 25. Total RNAs were extracted from 14 individual adenocarcinomas and 2 specimens of normal lung tissue of untreated rats. In adenocarcinomas, elevated expression of IL-1alpha (6 / 14), IL-1beta (14 / 14), IL-3 (7 / 14), IL-4 (11 / 14), IL-5 (9 / 14), IL-6 (11 / 14) and IL-10 (8 / 14) was observed, compared with normal lung tissues. In contrast, no expression of IL-2 was detected in any case. The results suggest that preferential expression of these ILs and their complex networks may contribute to the development and progression of lung adenocarcinomas induced by BHP in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tsujiuchi
- Department of Oncological Pathology, Cancer Center, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara 634-8521, Japan.
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26
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Abstract
The effects of long-term concurrent administration of powdered fish meal and sodium nitrite were examined in F344 rats. A total of 600, 6-week-old rats were divided into 6 male and 6 female groups, each consisting of 50 animals. Rats in groups 1-3 and 7-9 were respectively fed diets supplemented with 64%, 32% and 8% (basal diet) fish meal, and simultaneously given 0.12% sodium nitrite in their drinking water. Groups 4-6 and 10-12 were respectively given 64%, 32% and 8% fish meal and tap water. At the 104th week, all surviving animals were killed and examined histopathologically. Treatment with fish meal dose-dependently increased the incidences and multiplicities of atypical tubules, adenomas and renal cell carcinomas in sodium nitrite-treated males. Females were less susceptible than males for renal tumor induction. In males given the 64% fish meal diet alone, the incidence and multiplicity of atypical tubules were also significantly increased as compared with the 8% fish meal alone case. Nephropathy was apparent in fish meal-treated groups in a clear dose-dependent manner, irrespective of the sodium nitrite treatment, and was more prominent in males than in females. Dimethylnitrosamine was found in the stomach contents after 4-week treatment with 64% fish meal plus 0.12% sodium nitrite, at a level twice that in the 8% fish meal plus 0.12% sodium nitrite group. The results clearly indicate that concurrent administration of fish meal and sodium nitrite induces renal epithelial tumors. Further studies are required to elucidate how nephropathy and nitrosamines produced in stomach contents may contribute to the observed renal tumor induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Furukawa
- Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo.
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Parnaud G, Pignatelli B, Peiffer G, Taché S, Corpet DE. Endogenous N-nitroso compounds, and their precursors, present in bacon, do not initiate or promote aberrant crypt foci in the colon of rats. Nutr Cancer 2000; 38:74-80. [PMID: 11341048 PMCID: PMC2638100 DOI: 10.1207/s15327914nc381_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Processed meat intake is associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer. This association may be explained by the endogenous formation of N-nitroso compounds (NOC). The hypothesis that meat intake can increase fecal NOC levels and colon carcinogenesis was tested in 175 Fischer 344 rats. Initiation was assessed by the number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in the colon of rats 45 days after the start of a high-fat bacon-based diet. Promotion was assessed by the multiplicity of ACF (crypts per ACF) in rats given experimental diets for 100 days starting 7 days after an azoxymethane injection. Three promotion studies were done, each in 5 groups of 10 rats, whose diets contained 7%, 14%, or 28% fat. Tested meats were bacon, pork, chicken, and beef. Fecal and dietary NOC were assayed by thermal energy analysis. Results show that feces from rats fed bacon-based diets contained 10-20 times more NOC than feces from control rats fed a casein-based diet (all p < 0.0001 in 4 studies). In bacon-fed rats, the amount of NOC input (diet) and output (feces) was similar. Rats fed a diet based on beef, pork, or chicken meat had less fecal NOC than controls (most p < 0.01). No ACF were detected in the colon of bacon-fed uninitiated rats. After azoxymethane injection, unprocessed but cooked meat-based diets did not change the number of ACF or the ACF multiplicity compared with control rats. In contrast, the bacon-based diet consistently reduced the number of large ACF per rat and the ACF multiplicity in the three promotion studies by 12%, 17%, and 20% (all p < 0.01). Results suggest that NOC from dietary bacon would not enhance colon carcinogenesis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Parnaud
- Xénobiotiques
INRA : UR1089Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de ToulouseFR
| | - B. Pignatelli
- IBCP, Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines
CNRS : UMR5086Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I7 Passage du Vercors
69367 LYON CEDEX 07,FR
| | - G. Peiffer
- Xénobiotiques
INRA : UR1089Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de ToulouseFR
| | - S. Taché
- Xénobiotiques
INRA : UR1089Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de ToulouseFR
| | - D. E. Corpet
- Xénobiotiques
INRA : UR1089Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de ToulouseFR
- * Correspondence should be adressed to: D. E. Corpet
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Watanabe J, Yang JP, Eguchi H, Hayashi S, Imai K, Nakachi K, Kawajiri K. An Rsa I polymorphism in the CYP2E1 gene does not affect lung cancer risk in a Japanese population. Jpn J Cancer Res 1995; 86:245-8. [PMID: 7744693 PMCID: PMC5920810 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1995.tb03046.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
CYP2E1 catalyzes the metabolic activation of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines, including 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. An Rsa I polymorphism, which is located in the 5'-flanking region of the CYP2E1 gene, has been found to affect the transcriptional regulation of the gene, resulting in different expression levels of the mRNA among individuals. In order to investigate an association between the Rsa I polymorphism and lung cancer susceptibility, the genotype distribution among 316 lung cancer patients was compared with that in 503 healthy controls. No statistically significant association was found between the Rsa I polymorphism and an increased risk of lung cancer, even though histological types of lung cancer, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption were taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Watanabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Saitama Cancer Center Research Institute
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29
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Abstract
Several nitrosamines and an azoxyalkane have been administered intravesically to groups of 12 female F344 rats, twice a week for 20 or 30 weeks. Many of the nitrosamines were as efficacious in giving rise to the same tumors of internal organs as when similar doses were administered orally, showing that absorption from the bladder was as rapid as from other sites. The tumors produced included lung and kidney tumors by nitrosodimethylamine, colon and Zymbal gland tumors by azoxymethane, liver tumors by methylnitrosoethylamine (but not by nitrosodimethylamine), liver and esophagus tumors by nitrosodiethylamine, liver and lung tumors by methylnitrosamino-3-pyridylbutanone, liver tumors by nitrosomorpholine, and tumors of the esophagus by methylnitroso-n-butylamine, 2,6-dimethyl-nitrosomorpholine and methylnitrosamino-N,N-dimethylethylamine. Bladder tumors were induced by intravesicular administration of only low doses of nitrosobis-(2-oxopropyl)amine and to a lesser extent by methylnitroso-n-hexylamine and nitroso-(2-hydroxypropyl)(2-oxopropyl)amine, which all induced tumors systemically in addition. The bladder mucosa seemed to lack enzymes necessary to activate most nitrosamines to locally acting proximate carcinogens, but was quite transparent to the passage of carcinogenic nitrosamines present in the urine into the body to induce tumors in distant organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Lijinsky
- ABL-Basic Research Program, NCI-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, MD 21702
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Aitio A, Aitio ML, Camus AM, Cardis E, Bartsch H. Cytochrome P-450 isozyme pattern is related to individual susceptibility to diethyl nitrosamine-induced liver cancer in rats. Jpn J Cancer Res 1991; 82:146-56. [PMID: 1848544 PMCID: PMC5918375 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1991.tb01822.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences in susceptibility to chemical carcinogenesis between rodent strains and species have been linked to variations in genetically-determined mixed function oxidase activities. In order to verify whether such variations also determine the susceptibility of individual animals of the same strain to a chemical carcinogen, outbred male Wistar rats were administered diethylnitrosamine (DEN) (1, 2, or 3 mg/kg) five times a week for 20 weeks. The relationship was examined between the outcome (i.e., presence or absence of liver tumors, and latency period) and the hepatic activities of mixed function oxidases and conjugating enzymes, as well as of O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase, measured before the carcinogen treatment. In addition, the metabolic profiles of two model drugs, antipyrine and disopyramide, in the urine were analyzed and correlated with the carcinogen susceptibility. The length of the latency period of hepatocellular tumors in individual rats was negatively related to the activities of hepatic dimethylnitrosamine N-demethylase, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and epoxide hydrolase and positively related to the amount of microsomal protein. Consistent relationships between the other 10 measured parameters and the susceptibility to DEN-induced carcinogenesis were not detected. Long-term treatment with DEN slightly decreased the proportion of metabolism of antipyrine into norantipyrine, and increased the share of 4-hydroxyantipyrine; a decrease in the metabolism of disopyramide to N-deisopropyldisopyramide was also detected. It is concluded that the pattern of cytochrome P-450 isoenzymes is related to differences in individual susceptibility to nitrosamine-induced carcinogenesis. The relationship was most marked at low dose levels, which are the levels at which nitrosamine exposures of humans are known to occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aitio
- Unit of Environmental Carcinogens and Host Factors, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
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31
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Hsia CC, Sun TT, Wang YY, Anderson LM, Armstrong D, Good RA. Enhancement of formation of the esophageal carcinogen benzylmethyl nitrosamine from its precursors by Candida albicans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1981; 78:1878-81. [PMID: 7015348 PMCID: PMC319238 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.78.3.1878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies in Linxian, an area of China with a high incidence of esophageal carcinoma, showed that fungal infections are common in the esophageal epithelium of patients with either premalignant changes or early esophageal carcinoma. Fungi of the genus Candida were the most frequent invaders. In these areas nitrate and nitrite are often present in high concentrations in drinking water and staple grains. The present studies have established the ability of Candida albicans to augment the nitrosative formation of the esophagus-specific carcinogen, benzylmethylnitrosamine (NBMA; N-nitroso-N-methylbenzylamine). Stationary C. albicans cultures, with pH held at 6.8, were incubated with the precursors of NBMA, benzylmethylamine (BMA; N-methylbenzylamine) and NaNO(2). There was a significant increase in the amount of NBMA formed in these cultures, compared to precursors-only controls. The amount of NBMA synthesized depended on fungal cell number. Exponentially growing cultures were also able to cause NBMA formation. The identity of the NBMA was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatographic coelution with authentic NBMA in three solvent systems and by mass spectroscopy. Boiled cells and conditioned medium in which cells had been incubated were not effective in enhancing nitrosation. Cultured Candida released acidic metabolites that reduced the pH of the medium when only a low concentration of buffer was present. Spontaneous nitrosation of BMA was enhanced under these acidic conditions. Thus, C. albicans infecting the esophageal epithelium could cause local formation of NBMA by both cell-mediated catalysis and extracellular decrease in pH.
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