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Paraskevaidis I, Briasoulis A, Tsougos E. Oral Cardiac Drug-Gut Microbiota Interaction in Chronic Heart Failure Patients: An Emerging Association. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1716. [PMID: 38338995 PMCID: PMC10855150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Regardless of the currently proposed best medical treatment for heart failure patients, the morbidity and mortality rates remain high. This is due to several reasons, including the interaction between oral cardiac drug administration and gut microbiota. The relation between drugs (especially antibiotics) and gut microbiota is well established, but it is also known that more than 24% of non-antibiotic drugs affect gut microbiota, altering the microbe's environment and its metabolic products. Heart failure treatment lies mainly in the blockage of neuro-humoral hyper-activation. There is debate as to whether the administration of heart-failure-specific drugs can totally block this hyper-activation, or whether the so-called intestinal dysbiosis that is commonly observed in this group of patients can affect their action. Although there are several reports indicating a strong relation between drug-gut microbiota interplay, little is known about this relation to oral cardiac drugs in chronic heart failure. In this review, we review the contemporary data on a topic that is in its infancy. We aim to produce scientific thoughts and questions and provide reasoning for further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Paraskevaidis
- Division of Cardiology, Hygeia Hospital, Erithrou Stavrou 4, 15123 Athens, Greece;
- Heart Failure Subdivision, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vassilisis Sofias 80, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - Alexandros Briasoulis
- Heart Failure Subdivision, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vassilisis Sofias 80, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - Elias Tsougos
- Division of Cardiology, Hygeia Hospital, Erithrou Stavrou 4, 15123 Athens, Greece;
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Valido E, Bertolo A, Hertig-Godeschalk A, Flueck JL, Ruettimann B, Glisic M, Stoyanov J. Characteristics of the gut microbiome of Swiss elite athletes with a spinal cord injury: An exploratory study. J Spinal Cord Med 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38207282 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2023.2265610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To illustrate and explore associations between the gut microbiome and spinal cord injury (SCI) characteristics, physical training, dietary intake, body composition, and blood biomarkers of elite Swiss athletes. DESIGN AND SETTING Baseline data analysis of athletes with SCI who participated in a pilot trial (NCT04659408) in the Swiss Paraplegic Center, Nottwil, Switzerland. PARTICIPANTS Elite athletes, five males, and six females, with SCI who competed internationally. OUTCOME MEASURES We conducted a differential abundance analysis and measured the alpha and beta diversity of the gut microbiome. RESULTS The athletes' median age was 34.5 years. Six had traumatic SCI and five had a spina bifida. The athletes competed in para-cycling (5), wheelchair athletics (3), and wheelchair tennis (3). A higher duration of training per week was positively associated with Akkermansia and Akkermansiaceae but negatively associated with Prevotellaceae. Muribaculaceae was negatively associated with the average number of trainings per week. Waist circumference is negatively associated with Butyricimonas. Significant differences in the alpha diversity were found with sex, gastrointestinal quality of life index (GIQLI) scores, total caloric intake, total fat intake, total carbohydrate intake, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Beta diversity differences were found with impairment of the sympathetic nervous system of the gut at the genus level and HbA1c at the family level. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insight into the gut microbiome of athletes with SCI. Our results were similar to those found in athletes without SCI. Further replication is needed to confirm the relationships of organisms observed in the gut of athletes with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezra Valido
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Bertolo
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Bern, Bern Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Joelle Leonie Flueck
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Swiss Paraplegic Centre Nottwil, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Belinda Ruettimann
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Swiss Paraplegic Centre Nottwil, Nottwil, Switzerland
| | - Marija Glisic
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jivko Stoyanov
- Swiss Paraplegic Research, Nottwil, Switzerland
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine (ISPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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3
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Wang X, Ding C, Li HB. The crosstalk between enteric nervous system and immune system in intestinal development, homeostasis and diseases. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2024; 67:41-50. [PMID: 37672184 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-023-2376-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The gut is the largest digestive and absorptive organ, which is essential for induction of mucosal and systemic immune responses, and maintenance of metabolic-immune homeostasis. The intestinal components contain the epithelium, stromal cells, immune cells, and enteric nervous system (ENS), as well as the outers, such as gut microbiota, metabolites, and nutrients. The dyshomeostasis of intestinal microenvironment induces abnormal intestinal development and functions, even colon diseases including dysplasia, inflammation and tumor. Several recent studies have identified that ENS plays a crucial role in maintaining the immune homeostasis of gastrointestinal (GI) microenvironment. The crosstalk between ENS and immune cells, mainly macrophages, T cells, and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), has been found to exert important regulatory roles in intestinal tissue programming, homeostasis, function, and inflammation. In this review, we mainly summarize the critical roles of the interactions between ENS and immune cells in intestinal homeostasis during intestinal development and diseases progression, to provide theoretical bases and ideas for the exploration of immunotherapy for gastrointestinal diseases with the ENS as potential novel targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xindi Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chenbo Ding
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Hua-Bing Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine-Yale Institute for Immune Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Zhao S, Tang C, Weinberger J, Gao D, Hou S. Sprouting of afferent and efferent inputs to pelvic organs after spinal cord injury. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2023; 83:20-29. [PMID: 38102789 PMCID: PMC10746698 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlad108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural plasticity occurs within the central and peripheral nervous systems after spinal cord injury (SCI). Although central alterations have extensively been studied, it is largely unknown whether afferent and efferent fibers in pelvic viscera undergo similar morphological changes. Using a rat spinal cord transection model, we conducted immunohistochemistry to investigate afferent and efferent innervations to the kidney, colon, and bladder. Approximately 3-4 weeks after injury, immunostaining demonstrated that tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-labeled postganglionic sympathetic fibers and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive sensory terminals sprout in the renal pelvis and colon. Morphologically, sprouted afferent or efferent projections showed a disorganized structure. In the bladder, however, denser CGRP-positive primary sensory fibers emerged in rats with SCI, whereas TH-positive sympathetic efferent fibers did not change. Numerous CGRP-positive afferents were observed in the muscle layer and the lamina propria of the bladder following SCI. TH-positive efferent inputs displayed hypertrophy with large diameters, but their innervation patterns were sustained. Collectively, afferent or efferent inputs sprout widely in the pelvic organs after SCI, which may be one of the morphological bases underlying functional adaptation or maladaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunyi Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Marion Murray Spinal Cord Research Center, Drexel University College of Medicine, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, USA
| | - Chuanxi Tang
- Department of Neurobiology and Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jeremy Weinberger
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Marion Murray Spinal Cord Research Center, Drexel University College of Medicine, USA
| | - Dianshuai Gao
- Department of Neurobiology and Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaoping Hou
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Marion Murray Spinal Cord Research Center, Drexel University College of Medicine, USA
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Leven P, Schneider R, Schneider L, Mallesh S, Vanden Berghe P, Sasse P, Kalff JC, Wehner S. β-adrenergic signaling triggers enteric glial reactivity and acute enteric gliosis during surgery. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:255. [PMID: 37941007 PMCID: PMC10631040 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02937-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enteric glia contribute to the pathophysiology of various intestinal immune-driven diseases, such as postoperative ileus (POI), a motility disorder and common complication after abdominal surgery. Enteric gliosis of the intestinal muscularis externa (ME) has been identified as part of POI development. However, the glia-restricted responses and activation mechanisms are poorly understood. The sympathetic nervous system becomes rapidly activated by abdominal surgery. It modulates intestinal immunity, innervates all intestinal layers, and directly interfaces with enteric glia. We hypothesized that sympathetic innervation controls enteric glia reactivity in response to surgical trauma. METHODS Sox10iCreERT2/Rpl22HA/+ mice were subjected to a mouse model of laparotomy or intestinal manipulation to induce POI. Histological, protein, and transcriptomic analyses were performed to analyze glia-specific responses. Interactions between the sympathetic nervous system and enteric glia were studied in mice chemically depleted of TH+ sympathetic neurons and glial-restricted Sox10iCreERT2/JellyOPfl/+/Rpl22HA/+ mice, allowing optogenetic stimulation of β-adrenergic downstream signaling and glial-specific transcriptome analyses. A laparotomy model was used to study the effect of sympathetic signaling on enteric glia in the absence of intestinal manipulation. Mechanistic studies included adrenergic receptor expression profiling in vivo and in vitro and adrenergic agonism treatments of primary enteric glial cell cultures to elucidate the role of sympathetic signaling in acute enteric gliosis and POI. RESULTS With ~ 4000 differentially expressed genes, the most substantial enteric glia response occurs early after intestinal manipulation. During POI, enteric glia switch into a reactive state and continuously shape their microenvironment by releasing inflammatory and migratory factors. Sympathetic denervation reduced the inflammatory response of enteric glia in the early postoperative phase. Optogenetic and pharmacological stimulation of β-adrenergic downstream signaling triggered enteric glial reactivity. Finally, distinct adrenergic agonists revealed β-1/2 adrenoceptors as the molecular targets of sympathetic-driven enteric glial reactivity. CONCLUSIONS Enteric glia act as early responders during post-traumatic intestinal injury and inflammation. Intact sympathetic innervation and active β-adrenergic receptor signaling in enteric glia is a trigger of the immediate glial postoperative inflammatory response. With immune-activating cues originating from the sympathetic nervous system as early as the initial surgical incision, adrenergic signaling in enteric glia presents a promising target for preventing POI development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Leven
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Reiner Schneider
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Linda Schneider
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Shilpashree Mallesh
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Pieter Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory for Enteric NeuroScience (LENS), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Philipp Sasse
- Institute of Physiology I, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jörg C Kalff
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven Wehner
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
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Ten Hove AS, Mallesh S, Zafeiropoulou K, de Kleer JWM, van Hamersveld PHP, Welting O, Hakvoort TBM, Wehner S, Seppen J, de Jonge WJ. Sympathetic activity regulates epithelial proliferation and wound healing via adrenergic receptor α 2A. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17990. [PMID: 37863979 PMCID: PMC10589335 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45160-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Innervation of the intestinal mucosa by the sympathetic nervous system is well described but the effects of adrenergic receptor stimulation on the intestinal epithelium remain equivocal. We therefore investigated the effect of sympathetic neuronal activation on intestinal cells in mouse models and organoid cultures, to identify the molecular routes involved. Using publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing datasets we show that the α2A isoform is the most abundant adrenergic receptor in small intestinal epithelial cells. Stimulation of this receptor with norepinephrine or a synthetic specific α2A receptor agonist promotes epithelial proliferation and stem cell function, while reducing differentiation in vivo and in intestinal organoids. In an anastomotic healing mouse model, adrenergic receptor α2A stimulation resulted in improved anastomotic healing, while surgical sympathectomy augmented anastomotic leak. Furthermore, stimulation of this receptor led to profound changes in the microbial composition, likely because of altered epithelial antimicrobial peptide secretion. Thus, we established that adrenergic receptor α2A is the molecular delegate of intestinal epithelial sympathetic activity controlling epithelial proliferation, differentiation, and host defense. Therefore, this receptor could serve as a newly identified molecular target to improve mucosal healing in intestinal inflammation and wounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne S Ten Hove
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Shilpashree Mallesh
- Department of General, Visceral-, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Konstantina Zafeiropoulou
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janna W M de Kleer
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia H P van Hamersveld
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olaf Welting
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Theodorus B M Hakvoort
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Wehner
- Department of General, Visceral-, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jurgen Seppen
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J de Jonge
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 69-71, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of General, Visceral-, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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7
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Sharkey KA, Mawe GM. The enteric nervous system. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1487-1564. [PMID: 36521049 PMCID: PMC9970663 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00018.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Of all the organ systems in the body, the gastrointestinal tract is the most complicated in terms of the numbers of structures involved, each with different functions, and the numbers and types of signaling molecules utilized. The digestion of food and absorption of nutrients, electrolytes, and water occurs in a hostile luminal environment that contains a large and diverse microbiota. At the core of regulatory control of the digestive and defensive functions of the gastrointestinal tract is the enteric nervous system (ENS), a complex system of neurons and glia in the gut wall. In this review, we discuss 1) the intrinsic neural control of gut functions involved in digestion and 2) how the ENS interacts with the immune system, gut microbiota, and epithelium to maintain mucosal defense and barrier function. We highlight developments that have revolutionized our understanding of the physiology and pathophysiology of enteric neural control. These include a new understanding of the molecular architecture of the ENS, the organization and function of enteric motor circuits, and the roles of enteric glia. We explore the transduction of luminal stimuli by enteroendocrine cells, the regulation of intestinal barrier function by enteric neurons and glia, local immune control by the ENS, and the role of the gut microbiota in regulating the structure and function of the ENS. Multifunctional enteric neurons work together with enteric glial cells, macrophages, interstitial cells, and enteroendocrine cells integrating an array of signals to initiate outputs that are precisely regulated in space and time to control digestion and intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Sharkey
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gary M Mawe
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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Nakanishi S, Mantani Y, Ohno N, Morishita R, Yokoyama T, Hoshi N. Histological study on regional specificity of the mucosal nerve network in the rat large intestine. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:123-134. [PMID: 36517005 PMCID: PMC10017283 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies and others have revealed detailed characteristics of the mucosal nerve network in the small intestine, but much remains unknown about the corresponding network in the large intestine. We herein investigated regional differences in the expression of neurochemical markers, the nerve network structure, and the cells in contact with nerve fibers by histological analysis using both immunohistochemistry and serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM). Immunohistochemistry revealed that immunopositive structures for protein gene product 9.5, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), calretinin and vesicular acetylcholine transporter were more prevalent in the lamina propria of the ascending colon than the cecum and descending colon (DC). There was no significant difference in the frequency of most neurochemical markers between the cecum and DC, but the frequencies of VIP+ structures were higher in the cecum than in the DC. SBF-SEM analysis showed that the nerve network structure was more developed on the luminal side of the DC than the cecum. The cells that nerve fibers abundantly contacted were subepithelial and lamina propria fibroblast-like cells and macrophages. In addition, nerve fibers in the cecum were in more frequent contact with immune cells such as macrophages and plasma cells than nerve fibers in the DC. Thus, the present histological analysis suggested that the mucosal nerve network in the large intestine possessed both regional universality and various specificities, and revealed the intimate relationship between the nerve network and immune cells, especially in the cecum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoki Nakanishi
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Youhei Mantani
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Jichi Medical University, School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan.,Division of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Rinako Morishita
- Laboratory of Histophysiology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Hoshi
- Laboratory of Animal Molecular Morphology, Department of Bioresource Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
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Serio R, Zizzo MG. The multiple roles of dopamine receptor activation in the modulation of gastrointestinal motility and mucosal function. Auton Neurosci 2023; 244:103041. [PMID: 36372052 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2022.103041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is a catecholamine regulatory molecule with potential role in physiology and physiopathology of the intestinal tract. Various cellular sources of DA have been indicated as enteric neurons, immune cells, intestinal flora and gastrointestinal epithelium. Moreover, DA is produced by nutritional tyrosine. All the five DA receptors, actually described, are present throughout the gut. Current knowledge of DA in this area is reviewed, focusing on gastrointestinal function in health and during inflammation. Research on animal models and humans are reported. A major obstacle to understanding the physiologic and/or pharmacological roles of enteric DA is represented by the multiplicity of receptors involved in the responses together with many signalling pathways related to each receptor subtype. It is mandatory to map precisely the distributions of DA receptors, to determine the relevance of a receptor in a specific location in order to explore novel therapies directed to dopaminergic targets that may be useful in the control of intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Serio
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Maria Grazia Zizzo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; ATeN (Advanced Technologies Network) Center, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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10
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Wank I, Niedermair T, Kronenberg D, Stange R, Brochhausen C, Hess A, Grässel S. Influence of the Peripheral Nervous System on Murine Osteoporotic Fracture Healing and Fracture-Induced Hyperalgesia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010510. [PMID: 36613952 PMCID: PMC9820334 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporotic fractures are often linked to persisting chronic pain and poor healing outcomes. Substance P (SP), α-calcitonin gene-related peptide (α-CGRP) and sympathetic neurotransmitters are involved in bone remodeling after trauma and nociceptive processes, e.g., fracture-induced hyperalgesia. We aimed to link sensory and sympathetic signaling to fracture healing and fracture-induced hyperalgesia under osteoporotic conditions. Externally stabilized femoral fractures were set 28 days after OVX in wild type (WT), α-CGRP- deficient (α-CGRP -/-), SP-deficient (Tac1-/-) and sympathectomized (SYX) mice. Functional MRI (fMRI) was performed two days before and five and 21 days post fracture, followed by µCT and biomechanical tests. Sympathectomy affected structural bone properties in the fracture callus whereas loss of sensory neurotransmitters affected trabecular structures in contralateral, non-fractured bones. Biomechanical properties were mostly similar in all groups. Both nociceptive and resting-state (RS) fMRI revealed significant baseline differences in functional connectivity (FC) between WT and neurotransmitter-deficient mice. The fracture-induced hyperalgesia modulated central nociception and had robust impact on RS FC in all groups. The changes demonstrated in RS FC in fMRI might potentially be used as a bone traumata-induced biomarker regarding fracture healing under pathophysiological musculoskeletal conditions. The findings are of clinical importance and relevance as they advance our understanding of pain during osteoporotic fracture healing and provide a potential imaging biomarker for fracture-related hyperalgesia and its temporal development. Overall, this may help to reduce the development of chronic pain after fracture thereby improving the treatment of osteoporotic fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Wank
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tanja Niedermair
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Kronenberg
- Department of Regenerative Musculoskeletal Medicine, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine (IMM), University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Richard Stange
- Department of Regenerative Musculoskeletal Medicine, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine (IMM), University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Hess
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne Grässel
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopedics, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-941-943-5065
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11
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Zhang Y, Lang R, Guo S, Luo X, Li H, Liu C, Dong W, Bao C, Yu Y. Intestinal microbiota and melatonin in the treatment of secondary injury and complications after spinal cord injury. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:981772. [PMID: 36440294 PMCID: PMC9682189 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.981772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a central nervous system (CNS) disease that can cause sensory and motor impairment below the level of injury. Currently, the treatment scheme for SCI mainly focuses on secondary injury and complications. Recent studies have shown that SCI leads to an imbalance of intestinal microbiota and the imbalance is also associated with complications after SCI, possibly through the microbial-brain-gut axis. Melatonin is secreted in many parts of the body including pineal gland and gut, effectively protecting the spinal cord from secondary damage. The secretion of melatonin is affected by circadian rhythms, known as the dark light cycle, and SCI would also cause dysregulation of melatonin secretion. In addition, melatonin is closely related to the intestinal microbiota, which protects the barrier function of the gut through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and increases the abundance of intestinal microbiota by influencing the metabolism of the intestinal microbiota. Furthermore, the intestinal microbiota can influence melatonin formation by regulating tryptophan and serotonin metabolism. This paper summarizes and reviews the knowledge on the relationship among intestinal microbiota, melatonin, and SCI in recent years, to provide new theories and ideas for clinical research related to SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Rui Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shunyu Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Luo
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Huiting Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Cencen Liu
- Department of Pathology, People’s Hospital of Zhongjiang County, Deyang, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Changshun Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Neurological Diseases and Brain Function Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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12
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Chen W, Zhao Y, Dai Y, Nie K. Gastrointestinal inflammation plays a critical role in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 936:175379. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Dahshan D, Gallagher N, Workman A, Perdue J, Aikens J, Schmicker T, Shuler FD. Targeting the Gut Microbiome for Inflammation and Pain Management in Orthopedic Conditions. Orthopedics 2022; 45:e226-e234. [PMID: 35700403 DOI: 10.3928/01477447-20220608-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome can be altered with probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and anti-inflammatory foods and spices as part of an evidence-based strategy that targets inflammation and pain in common orthopedic conditions. Implementing these strategies avoids adverse effects associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and minimizes the potential for opioid use. This review focuses exclusively on human trials studying the effects of gut microbiome alterations to address pain and inflammatory markers in common orthopedic conditions: osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, fractures/osteoporosis, and bone pain associated with chemotherapy. Individualized supplementation strategies can be further explored with the information in this review. [Orthopedics. 2022;45(5):e226-e234.].
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14
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Hill E, Nguyen NH, Qian AS, Patel S, Chen PL, Tse CS, Singh S. Impact of Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders on Healthcare Utilization in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Nationally Representative Cohort Study. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:4373-4381. [PMID: 35503486 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-022-07505-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) frequently experience comorbid psychiatric disorders, which negatively impact quality of life. We characterized the longitudinal burden of hospitalization-related healthcare utilization in adults with IBD with and without comorbid anxiety, depression, or bipolar disorder. METHODS In the 2017 Nationwide Readmissions Database (NRD), we identified 40,177 patients with IBD who were hospitalized between January 1, 2017 and June 30, 2017 and who were followed until December 31, 2017. In this cohort, we compared the annual burden (i.e., total days spent in hospital), costs, risk of readmission, inpatient mortality, and IBD-related surgery in patients with and without comorbid psychiatric disorders (anxiety, depression, or bipolar disorder). RESULTS Of the 40,177 adults who were hospitalized for IBD, 25.7% had comorbid psychiatric disorders. Over a 10 month-long period of follow-up, patients with comorbid psychiatric disorders spent more days in the hospital (median, 7 days vs. 5 days, p < 0.01), experienced higher 30-day (31.3 vs. 25.4%; p < 0.01) and 90-day (42.6 vs. 35.3%, p < 0.01) readmission rates, and had higher hospitalization-related costs (median, $41,418 vs. $39,242, p < 0.01). However, they were less likely to undergo IBD-related procedures or surgeries. There were no differences in risk of mortality. On Cox proportional hazard analysis, the presence of comorbid psychiatric disorders was associated with a 16% higher risk of readmission (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.13-1.20) and a 13% higher risk of severe IBD-related hospitalization (HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.08-1.16). CONCLUSIONS In adults with IBD, comorbid psychiatric disorders were independently associated with a higher burden and cost of hospitalization, without an increase in the risk of IBD-related surgery or procedures. Population-based interventions aimed at treating psychiatric comorbidities may decrease the risk of unplanned healthcare utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddie Hill
- Division of Gastroenterology and Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Dr., ACTRI 1W501, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Nghia H Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Dr., ACTRI 1W501, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Alexander S Qian
- Division of Gastroenterology and Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Dr., ACTRI 1W501, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Sagar Patel
- Division of Gastroenterology and Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Dr., ACTRI 1W501, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Peter L Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Dr., ACTRI 1W501, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Chung-Sang Tse
- Division of Gastroenterology and Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Dr., ACTRI 1W501, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Siddharth Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology and Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Dr., ACTRI 1W501, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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15
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Influence of Gut–Liver Axis on Portal Hypertension in Advanced Chronic Liver Disease: The Gut Microbiome as a New Protagonist in Therapeutic Management. MICROBIOLOGY RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/microbiolres13030038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinically significant portal hypertension is associated with most complications of advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD), including variceal bleeding, ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatorenal syndrome, and hepatic encephalopathy. Gut dysbiosis is a hallmark of ACLD with portal hypertension and consists of the overgrowth of potentially pathogenic bacteria and a decrease in autochthonous bacteria; additionally, congestion makes the intestinal barrier more permeable to bacteria and their products, which contributes to the development of complications through inflammatory mechanisms. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of the gut–liver axis in the pathogenesis of portal hypertension, with a focus on therapies targeting portal hypertension and the gut microbiota. The modulation of the gut microbiota on several levels represents a major challenge in the upcoming years; in-depth characterization of the molecular and microbiological mechanisms linking the gut–liver axis to portal hypertension in a bidirectional relationship could pave the way to the identification of new therapeutic targets for innovative therapies in the management of ACLD.
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16
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Zhu Y, Duan S, Wang M, Deng Z, Li J. Neuroimmune Interaction: A Widespread Mutual Regulation and the Weapons for Barrier Organs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:906755. [PMID: 35646918 PMCID: PMC9130600 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.906755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the embryo, the nervous system and immune system have been interacting to regulate each other’s development and working together to resist harmful stimuli. However, oversensitive neural response and uncontrolled immune attack are major causes of various diseases, especially in barrier organs, while neural-immune interaction makes it worse. As the first defense line, the barrier organs give a guarantee to maintain homeostasis in external environment. And the dense nerve innervation and abundant immune cell population in barrier organs facilitate the neuroimmune interaction, which is the physiological basis of multiple neuroimmune-related diseases. Neuroimmune-related diseases often have complex mechanisms and require a combination of drugs, posing challenges in finding etiology and treatment. Therefore, it is of great significance to illustrate the specific mechanism and exact way of neuro-immune interaction. In this review, we first described the mutual regulation of the two principal systems and then focused on neuro-immune interaction in the barrier organs, including intestinal tract, lungs and skin, to clarify the mechanisms and provide ideas for clinical etiology exploration and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shixin Duan
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhili Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zhili Deng, ; Ji Li,
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Zhili Deng, ; Ji Li,
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17
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Matisz C, Gruber A. Neuroinflammatory remodeling of the anterior cingulate cortex as a key driver of mood disorders in gastrointestinal disease and disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 133:104497. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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18
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Albillos A, Martin-Mateos R, Van der Merwe S, Wiest R, Jalan R, Álvarez-Mon M. Cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 19:112-134. [PMID: 34703031 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-021-00520-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The term cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction (CAID) comprises the distinctive spectrum of immune alterations associated with the course of end-stage liver disease. Systemic inflammation and immune deficiency are the key components of CAID. Their severity is highly dynamic and progressive, paralleling cirrhosis stage. CAID involves two different immune phenotypes: the low-grade systemic inflammatory phenotype and the high-grade systemic inflammatory phenotype. The low-grade systemic inflammatory phenotype can be found in patients with compensated disease or clinical decompensation with no organ failure. In this phenotype, there is an exaggerated immune activation but the effector response is not markedly compromised. The high-grade systemic inflammatory phenotype is present in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure, a clinical situation characterized by decompensation, organ failure and high short-term mortality. Along with high-grade inflammation, this CAID phenotype includes intense immune paralysis that critically increases the risk of infections and worsens prognosis. The intensity of CAID has important consequences on cirrhosis progression and correlates with the severity of liver insufficiency, bacterial translocation and organ failure. Therapies targeting the modulation of the dysfunctional immune response are currently being evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Albillos
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain. .,Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rosa Martin-Mateos
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Schalk Van der Merwe
- Laboratory of Hepatology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Aging (CHROMETA), University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Reiner Wiest
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, University Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Rajiv Jalan
- Liver Failure Group, UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, UCL Medical School, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.,European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Autonomic Nervous System Neuroanatomical Alterations Could Provoke and Maintain Gastrointestinal Dysbiosis in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A Novel Microbiome-Host Interaction Mechanistic Hypothesis. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010065. [PMID: 35010940 PMCID: PMC8746684 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysbiosis secondary to environmental factors, including dietary patterns, antibiotics use, pollution exposure, and other lifestyle factors, has been associated to many non-infective chronic inflammatory diseases. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is related to maternal inflammation, although there is no conclusive evidence that affected individuals suffer from systemic low-grade inflammation as in many psychological and psychiatric diseases. However, neuro-inflammation and neuro-immune abnormalities are observed within ASD-affected individuals. Rebalancing human gut microbiota to treat disease has been widely investigated with inconclusive and contradictory findings. These observations strongly suggest that the forms of dysbiosis encountered in ASD-affected individuals could also originate from autonomic nervous system (ANS) functioning abnormalities, a common neuro-anatomical alteration underlying ASD. According to this hypothesis, overactivation of the sympathetic branch of the ANS, due to the fact of an ASD-specific parasympathetic activity deficit, induces deregulation of the gut-brain axis, attenuating intestinal immune and osmotic homeostasis. This sets-up a dysbiotic state, that gives rise to immune and osmotic dysregulation, maintaining dysbiosis in a vicious cycle. Here, we explore the mechanisms whereby ANS imbalances could lead to alterations in intestinal microbiome-host interactions that may contribute to the severity of ASD by maintaining the brain-gut axis pathways in a dysregulated state.
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20
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Oroian BA, Ciobica A, Timofte D, Stefanescu C, Serban IL. New Metabolic, Digestive, and Oxidative Stress-Related Manifestations Associated with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5599265. [PMID: 34966477 PMCID: PMC8712172 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5599265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) represents a pressing and generally invalidating syndrome that is triggered by a terrifying or stressful experience, relying on recurrently reliving the traumatic event feelings associated to it, which is subsequently linked to ongoing activations of stress-related neurobiological pathways and is often associated with neurodegeneration. In this paper, we examine what lies beneath this disorder, reviewing evidence that connects PTSD with a wide array of mechanisms and its intertwined pathways that can lead to the decompensation of different pathologies, such as cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal ailments, autoimmune disorders, and endocrine diseases. Also, the significance of the oxidative stress in this frame of reference is debated. Thus, knowing and identifying the main features of the distressing experience, the circumstances around it, as well as the neuropsychological and emotional characteristics of people prone to develop PTSD after going through disturbing incidents can offer an opportunity to anticipate the development of potential destructive consequences in several psychological dimensions: cognitive, affective, relational, behavioral, and somatic. We can also observe more closely the intricate connections of the disorder to other pathologies and their underlying mechanisms such as inflammation, oxidative stress, bacterial overgrowth syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, metabolic disorders, oxytocin, and cortisol in order to understand it better and to optimize the course of treatment and its management. The complex foundation PTSD possesses is supported by the existing clinical, preclinical, and experimental data encompassed in the current review. Different biological systems and processes such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, sympathetic nervous system, oxidative stress, inflammation, and microbiome suffer modifications and changes when it comes to PTSD; that is why targeted therapies exert tremendous alleviations of symptoms in patients diagnosed with this disorder. Therefore, this implies that PTSD is not restricted to the psychiatric domain and should be viewed as a systemic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alin Ciobica
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, B dul Carol I No. 11 Iasi, Romania
| | - Daniel Timofte
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16, Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristinel Stefanescu
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16, Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ionela Lăcrămioara Serban
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16, Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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21
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Kurnik-Łucka M, Pasieka P, Łączak P, Wojnarski M, Jurczyk M, Gil K. Gastrointestinal Dopamine in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12932. [PMID: 34884737 PMCID: PMC8657776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND an increased prevalence of gastro-duodenal ulceration was described almost sixty years ago as prodromal to idiopathic Parkinson's disease, while duodenal ulcers have been rarely diagnosed in patients with schizophrenia. The cytoprotective role of dopamine in animal models of gastrointestinal ulcerations has also been described. Interestingly, Parkinson's disease (PD) might share common pathophysiological links with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as epidemiological and genetic links already suggest. Thus, the aim of our study was to review the existing literature on the role of the gastrointestinal dopaminergic system in IBD pathogenesis and progression. METHODS a systematic search was conducted according to the PRISMA methodology. RESULTS twenty-four studies satisfied the predetermined criteria and were included in our qualitative analysis. Due to different observations (cross-sectional studies) as well as experimental setups and applied methodologies (in vivo and in vitro studies) a meta-analysis could not be performed. No ongoing clinical trials with dopaminergic compounds in IBD patients were found. CONCLUSIONS the impairment of the dopaminergic system seems to be a significant, yet underestimated, feature of IBD, and more in-depth observational studies are needed to further support the existing preclinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Kurnik-Łucka
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland; (P.P.); (P.Ł.); (M.W.); (M.J.); (K.G.)
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22
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Tavakoli P, Vollmer-Conna U, Hadzi-Pavlovic D, Grimm MC. A Review of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Model of Microbial, Immune and Neuropsychological Integration. Public Health Rev 2021; 42:1603990. [PMID: 34692176 PMCID: PMC8386758 DOI: 10.3389/phrs.2021.1603990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are complex chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastro-intestinal (GI) tract with uncertain etiology. IBDs comprise two idiopathic disorders: Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The aetiology, severity and progression of such disorders are still poorly understood but thought to be influenced by multiple factors (including genetic, environmental, immunological, physiological, psychological factors and gut microbiome) and their interactions. The overarching aim of this review is to evaluate the extent and nature of the interrelationship between these factors with the disease course. A broader conceptual and longitudinal framework of possible neuro-visceral integration, core microbiome analysis and immune modulation assessment may be useful in accurately documenting and characterizing the nature and temporal continuity of crosstalk between these factors and the role of their interaction (s) in IBD disease activity. Characterization of these interactions holds the promise of identifying novel diagnostic, interventions, and therapeutic strategies. Material and Methods: A search of published literature was conducted by exploring PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Medline Plus, CDSR library databases. Following search terms relating to key question were set for the search included: “Inflammatory bowel diseases,” “gut microbiota,” “psychological distress and IBD,” “autonomic reactivity and IBD,” “immune modulation,” “chronic inflammation,” “gut inflammation,” “enteric nervous system,” “gut nervous system,” “Crohn’s disease,” “Ulcerative colitis”, “depression and IBD”, “anxiety and IBD”, “quality of life in IBD patients,” “relapse in IBDs,” “remission in IBDs,” “IBD disease activity,” “brain-gut-axis,” “microbial signature in IBD,” “validated questionnaires in IBD,” “IBD activity indices,” “IBD aetiology,” “IBDs and stress,” “epidemiology of IBDs”, “autonomic nervous system and gut inflammation”, “IBD and environment,” “genetics of IBDs,” “pathways of immune response in IBDs,” “sleep disturbances in IBD,” “hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA),” “sympatho-adrenal axis,” “CNS and its control of gut function” “mucosal immune response,” “commensal and pathogenic bacteria in the gut,” “innate and adaptive immunity.” Studies evaluating any possible associations between gut microbiome, psychological state, immune modulation, and autonomic function with IBDs were identified. Commonly cited published literatures with high quality research methodology/results and additional articles from bibliographies of recovered papers were examined and included where relevant. Results: Although there is a substantial literature identifying major contributing factors with IBD, there has been little attempt to integrate some factors over time and assess their interplay and relationship with IBD disease activity. Such contributing factors include genetic and environmental factors, gut microbiota composition and function, physiological factors, psychological state and gut immune response. Interdependences are evident across psychological and biological factors and IBD disease activity. Although from the available evidence, it is implausible that a single explanatory model could elucidate the interplay between such factors and the disease course as well as the sequence of the effect during the pathophysiology of IBD. Conclusion: Longitudinal monitoring of IBD patients and integrating data related to the contributing/risk factors including psychological state, physiological conditions, inflammatory/immune modulations, and microbiome composition/function, could help to explain how major factors associate and interrelate leading to exacerbation of symptoms and disease activity. Identifying the temporal trajectory of biological and psychosocial disturbances may also help to assess their effects and interdependence on individuals’ disease status. Moreover, this allows greater insight into understanding the temporal progressions of subclinical events as potential ground for disease severity in IBD. Furthermore, understanding the interaction between these risk factors may help better interventions in controlling the disease, reducing the costs related to disease management, further implications for clinical practice and research approaches in addition to improving patients’ mental health and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tavakoli
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - U Vollmer-Conna
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - D Hadzi-Pavlovic
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - M C Grimm
- St George and Sutherland Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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23
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Parodi B, Kerlero de Rosbo N. The Gut-Brain Axis in Multiple Sclerosis. Is Its Dysfunction a Pathological Trigger or a Consequence of the Disease? Front Immunol 2021; 12:718220. [PMID: 34621267 PMCID: PMC8490747 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.718220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A large and expending body of evidence indicates that the gut-brain axis likely plays a crucial role in neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). As a whole, the gut-brain axis can be considered as a bi-directional multi-crosstalk pathway that governs the interaction between the gut microbiota and the organism. Perturbation in the commensal microbial population, referred to as dysbiosis, is frequently associated with an increased intestinal permeability, or "leaky gut", which allows the entrance of exogeneous molecules, in particular bacterial products and metabolites, that can disrupt tissue homeostasis and induce inflammation, promoting both local and systemic immune responses. An altered gut microbiota could therefore have significant repercussions not only on immune responses in the gut but also in distal effector immune sites such as the CNS. Indeed, the dysregulation of this bi-directional communication as a consequence of dysbiosis has been implicated as playing a possible role in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases. In multiple sclerosis (MS), the gut-brain axis is increasingly being considered as playing a crucial role in its pathogenesis, with a major focus on specific gut microbiota alterations associated with the disease. In both MS and its purported murine model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), gastrointestinal symptoms and/or an altered gut microbiota have been reported together with increased intestinal permeability. In both EAE and MS, specific components of the microbiota have been shown to modulate both effector and regulatory T-cell responses and therefore disease progression, and EAE experiments with germ-free and specific pathogen-free mice transferred with microbiota associated or not with disease have clearly demonstrated the possible role of the microbiota in disease pathogenesis and/or progression. Here, we review the evidence that can point to two possible consequences of the gut-brain axis dysfunction in MS and EAE: 1. A pro-inflammatory intestinal environment and "leaky" gut induced by dysbiosis could lead to an altered communication with the CNS through the cholinergic afferent fibers, thereby contributing to CNS inflammation and disease pathogenesis; and 2. Neuroinflammation affecting efferent cholinergic transmission could result in intestinal inflammation as disease progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Parodi
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology and Maternal-Fetal Medicine (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Nicole Kerlero de Rosbo
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology and Maternal-Fetal Medicine (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,TomaLab, Institute of Nanotechnology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Rome, Italy
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Yang RX, Song WJ, Wu ZQ, Goyal H, Xu HG. Association of Serum Neuron-Specific Enolase and C-Reactive Protein With Disease Location and Endoscopic Inflammation Degree in Patients With Crohn's Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:663920. [PMID: 34513858 PMCID: PMC8427157 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.663920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to explore the association between serum markers neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and C-reactive protein (CRP) with intestinal lesion location and degree of inflammation in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Design: The levels of serum NSE, CRP, and fecal calprotectin (FC) in patients with CD were analyzed retrospectively. The severity of inflammatory lesions in the intestinal wall was accessed using the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's disease (SES-CD). Results: The levels of NSE in patients with CD were higher than those of healthy individuals (14.87 vs. 12.68 ng/ml, P < 0.001). The levels of CRP in patients with CD were higher than those of healthy individuals (12.30 vs. 3.40 mg/l, P < 0.001). The FC levels in patients with CD were higher than those of patients with non-inflammatory bowel disease (1,143.90 vs. 114.21 μg/g, P < 0.05). The levels of NSE in CD with ileal lesions and simultaneous ileal and colon lesions were significantly higher than those in patients with CD with colonic lesions. However, the CRP was higher in patients with colonic lesions than those with ileal lesions. The levels of NSE in patients with severe inflammation were higher than those in patients with moderate inflammation (15.95 vs. 13.89 ng/ml, P < 0.05). Similarly, the NSE levels in patients with CD with severe inflammation were higher than those in patients with CD with mild inflammation (15.95 vs. 13.53 ng/mL, P < 0.05). The levels of CRP in severe inflammation were higher than those in moderate inflammation (29.80 vs. 19.60 mg/l, P < 0.05). In addition, the CRP levels in severe inflammation were higher than those in mild inflammation (29.80 vs. 5.86 mg/l, P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that when NSE was combined with CRP for distinguishing between patients with CD and those without CD, sensitivity increased to 80.41%, specificity increased to 74.66%, and a highest AUC was equal to 0.843. Conclusion: Our study shows that serum NSE and CRP can be used to assess the severity of CD as well as the location of intestinal involvement. Therefore, NSE and CRP could be used as the non-invasive tests in detecting the location and severity of disease in patients with CD in daily routine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xia Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Juan Song
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Qi Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hemant Goyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education, Scranton, PA, United States
| | - Hua-Guo Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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25
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Effects of highly selective sympathectomy on neurogenic bowel dysfunction in spinal cord injury rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15892. [PMID: 34354119 PMCID: PMC8342507 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95158-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenic bowel dysfunction, including hyperreflexic and areflexic bowel, is a common complication in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). We hypothesized that removing part of the colonic sympathetic innervation can alleviate the hyperreflexic bowel, and investigated the effect of sympathectomy on the hyperreflexic bowel of SCI rats. The peri-arterial sympathectomy of the inferior mesenteric artery (PSIMA) was performed in T8 SCI rats. The defecation habits of rats, the water content of fresh faeces, the intestinal transmission function, the defecation pressure of the distal colon, and the down-regulation of Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in colon secondary to PSIMA were evaluated. The incidence of typical hyperreflexic bowel was 95% in SCI rats. Compared to SCI control rats, PSIMA increased the faecal water content of SCI rats by 5–13% (P < 0.05), the emptying rate of the faeces in colon within 24 h by 14–40% (P < 0.05), and the defecation pressure of colon by 10–11 mmHg (P < 0.05). These effects lasted for at least 12 weeks after PSIMA. Immunofluorescence label showed the secondary down-regulation of Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors after PSIMA occurred mainly in rats’ distal colon. PSIMA mainly removes the sympathetic innervation of the distal colon, and can relieve the hyperreflexic bowel in rats with SCI. The possible mechanism is to reduce the inhibitory effect of sympathetic activity, and enhance the regulatory effect of parasympathetic activity on the colon. This procedure could potentially be used for hyperreflexic bowel in patients with SCI.
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26
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Madison AA, Kiecolt-Glaser JK. The gut microbiota and nervous system: Age-defined and age-defying. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 116:98-107. [PMID: 33422403 PMCID: PMC8257779 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Even healthy older adults experience gastrointestinal (GI) and neurological changes. In fact, the aging process of these two systems are interrelated due the extensive, multifaceted communication network connecting them, termed the gut-brain axis. Age-related modification of the GI environment can influence the bacterial species that survive and thrive there. Additionally, the lifestyle common to older adults in the West, including sedentariness, polypharmacy, and a poor diet, can compound the effect of aging on the GI tract, gut microbiota, and nervous system. Emerging animal and human findings suggest that GI organisms play a major role in gut-brain communication, ultimately shaping neurological aging trajectories by either helping to maintain nervous system function into late life or promoting pathology. Aging and age-related behaviors help to define the gut microbiota's composition and function, but, conversely, the gut microbiota may help to determine late-life functionality and may be harnessed to limit the prevalence of steep neurological decline and diseases. Focusing primarily on clinical research, this review first defines the gut-brain axis, then details age-related GI and nervous system changes, and discusses the impact of age-related lifestyle factors on the GI and nervous systems. The remainder of this review describes cutting-edge research that positions the gut microbiota as an arbiter of age-related neurological decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelise A Madison
- The Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA; Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Janice K Kiecolt-Glaser
- The Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA.
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27
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Stakenborg N, Boeckxstaens GE. Bioelectronics in the brain-gut axis: focus on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Int Immunol 2021; 33:337-348. [PMID: 33788920 PMCID: PMC8183669 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxab014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that intestinal homeostasis is mediated by cross-talk between the nervous system, enteric neurons and immune cells, together forming specialized neuroimmune units at distinct anatomical locations within the gut. In this review, we will particularly discuss how the intrinsic and extrinsic neuronal circuitry regulates macrophage function and phenotype in the gut during homeostasis and aberrant inflammation, such as observed in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Furthermore, we will provide an overview of basic and translational IBD research using these neuronal circuits as a novel therapeutic tool. Finally, we will highlight the different challenges ahead to make bioelectronic neuromodulation a standard treatment for intestinal immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Stakenborg
- Center of Intestinal Neuro-immune Interaction, Translational Research Center for GI Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&N1 bus 701, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Guy E Boeckxstaens
- Center of Intestinal Neuro-immune Interaction, Translational Research Center for GI Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, University of Leuven, Herestraat 49, O&N1 bus 701, Leuven 3000, Belgium
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28
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Schiller M, Azulay-Debby H, Boshnak N, Elyahu Y, Korin B, Ben-Shaanan TL, Koren T, Krot M, Hakim F, Rolls A. Optogenetic activation of local colonic sympathetic innervations attenuates colitis by limiting immune cell extravasation. Immunity 2021; 54:1022-1036.e8. [PMID: 33932356 PMCID: PMC8116309 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system is composed of an endocrine arm, regulating blood adrenaline and noradrenaline, and a local arm, a network of fibers innervating immune organs. Here, we investigated the impact of the local arm of the SNS in an inflammatory response in the colon. Intra-rectal insertion of an optogenetic probe in mice engineered to express channelrhodopsin-2 in tyrosine hydroxylase cells activated colonic sympathetic fibers. In contrast to systemic application of noradrenaline, local activation of sympathetic fibers attenuated experimental colitis and reduced immune cell abundance. Gene expression profiling showed decreased endothelial expression of the adhesion molecule MAdCAM-1 upon optogenetic stimulation; this decrease was sensitive to adrenergic blockers and 6-hydroxydopamine. Antibody blockade of MAdCAM-1 abrogated the optogenetic effect on immune cell extravasation into the colon and the pathology. Thus, sympathetic fibers control colonic inflammation by regulating immune cell extravasation from circulation, a mechanism likely relevant in multiple organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Schiller
- Department of Immunology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; The Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hilla Azulay-Debby
- Department of Immunology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; The Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nadia Boshnak
- Department of Immunology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; The Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yehezqel Elyahu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ben Korin
- Department of Immunology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; The Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tamar L Ben-Shaanan
- Department of Immunology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; The Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tamar Koren
- Department of Immunology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; The Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel
| | - Maria Krot
- Department of Immunology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; The Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel
| | - Fahed Hakim
- Cancer Research Center, EMMS Nazareth, 16100, Nazareth, Israel; Azrieli faculty of medicine, Bar-Ilan university, 1311502, Safad, Israel
| | - Asya Rolls
- Department of Immunology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel; The Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3525422, Haifa, Israel.
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29
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Huo JY, Jiang WY, Lyu YT, Zhu L, Liu HH, Chen YY, Chen M, Geng J, Jiang ZX, Shan QJ. Renal Denervation Attenuates Neuroinflammation in the Brain by Regulating Gut-Brain Axis in Rats With Myocardial Infarction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:650140. [PMID: 33981735 PMCID: PMC8109795 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.650140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The development of neuroinflammation deteriorates the prognosis of myocardial infarction (MI). We aimed to investigate the effect of renal denervation (RDN) on post-MI neuroinflammation in rats and the related mechanisms. Methods and Results: Male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to sham or ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery to induce MI. One week later, the MI rats received a sham or RDN procedure. Their cardiac functions were analyzed by echocardiography, and their intestinal structures, permeability, and inflammatory cytokines were tested. The intestinal microbiota were characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing. The degrees of neuroinflammation in the brains of rats were analyzed for microglia activation, inflammatory cytokines, and inflammation-related signal pathways. In comparison with the Control rats, the MI rats exhibited impaired cardiac functions, intestinal injury, increased intestinal barrier permeability, and microbial dysbiosis, accompanied by increased microglia activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in the brain. A RDN procedure dramatically decreased the levels of renal and intestinal sympathetic nerve activity, improved cardiac functions, and mitigated the MI-related intestinal injury and neuroinflammation in the brain of MI rats. Interestingly, the RDN procedure mitigated the MI-increased intestinal barrier permeability and pro-inflammatory cytokines and plasma LPS as well as ameliorated the gut microbial dysbiosis in MI rats. The protective effect of RDN was not significantly affected by treatment with intestinal alkaline phosphatase but significantly reduced by L-phenylalanine treatment in MI rats. Conclusions: RDN attenuated the neuroinflammation in the brain of MI rats, associated with mitigating the MI-related intestinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yu Huo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wan-Ying Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Ting Lyu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui-Hui Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Geng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi-Jun Shan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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30
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Rey Novoa M, Muñoz-Sellart M, Catalán Soriano M, Vinyes D. Treatment of Localized Vulvar Pain with Neural Therapy: A Case Series and Literature Review. Complement Med Res 2021; 28:571-577. [PMID: 33845481 DOI: 10.1159/000514945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Localized vulvar pain (LVP) is a common condition among fertile women, with physical and psychosexual implications. Treatment is complex with limited benefits. Neural therapy is a regulatory therapy that uses injections of local anesthetics in low concentrations in specific points to treat different conditions. CASE PRESENTATION We present the cases of 5 women, ages 33-44 years, with LVP treated with procaine 0.5% injections in painful points. Complete relief from pain occurred in 2 patients, and significant improvement in 3. Only 1 or 2 sessions were required. Initial VAS score was ≥70 and decreased to ≤30 after the intervention. The improvement was maintained over time, with a minimum follow-up period of 6 months. None of the patients were able to have sex or use tampons due to pain, but they were able to resume after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS In this case series, local injections of procaine showed a favorable outcome. Future randomized clinical trials could help elucidate the role of this intervention in LVP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modesto Rey Novoa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital Universitario de Burgos, Burgos, Spain.,Campus Docent de Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Muñoz-Sellart
- Campus Docent de Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Neural Therapy Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neural Therapy and Regulatory Medicine, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Catalán Soriano
- Campus Docent de Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital del Vendrell, Tarragona, Spain
| | - David Vinyes
- Campus Docent de Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.,Neural Therapy Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neural Therapy and Regulatory Medicine, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
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31
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Li Y, Salih Ibrahim RM, Chi HL, Xiao T, Xia WJ, Li HB, Kang YM. Altered Gut Microbiota is Involved in the Anti-Hypertensive Effects of Vitamin C in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000885. [PMID: 33547879 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Gut dysbiosis and dysregulation of the gut-brain-axis contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension. Vitamin C (VC) is a common dietary supplement that shows the ability to lower the elevated blood pressure in hypertensive animals. Thus, the hypothesis that the gut microbiota is involved in the anti-hypertensive effect of VC is proposed. METHODS AND RESULTS The changes of the gut microbiota and pathology in a spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model after daily oral intake of VC in dosage of 200 or 1000 mg kg-1 are examined. After 4 weeks, the elevated blood pressure of SHRs in both VC-treated groups is attenuated. Sequencing of the gut microbiota shows improvement in its diversity and abundance. Bioinformatic analysis suggests restored metabolism and biosynthesis-related functions of the gut, which are confirmed by the improvement of gut pathology and integrity. Analysis of the hypothalamus paraventricular nucleus (PVN), the central pivot of blood pressure regulation, also shows reduced inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS The reduced blood pressure, enriched gut microbiota, improved gut pathology and integrity, and reduced inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in the PVN together suggest that the anti-hypertensive effects of VC involve reshaping of gut microbiota composition and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Rawya Mohamed Salih Ibrahim
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong-Li Chi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Tong Xiao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Wen-Jie Xia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Hong-Bao Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Shaanxi Engineering and Research Center of Vaccine, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Education Ministry of China, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an, China
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32
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Ten Hove AS, Seppen J, de Jonge WJ. Neuronal innervation of the intestinal crypt. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G193-G205. [PMID: 33296267 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00239.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal damage is a key feature of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and healing of the mucosa is an endpoint of IBD treatment that is often difficult to achieve. Autonomic neurons of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system may influence intestinal epithelial cell growth and modulating epithelial innervation could for that reason serve as an interesting therapeutic option to improve mucosal healing. Understanding of the biological processes triggered by nonspecific and specific epithelial adrenergic and cholinergic receptor activation is of key importance. At present, with rising technological advances, bioelectronic neuromodulation as treatment modality has gained momentum. We discuss the current view on state-of-the-art innervation of the intestinal crypt and its impact on epithelial cell growth and differentiation. Furthermore, we outline bioelectronic technology and review its relevance to wound healing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne S Ten Hove
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jurgen Seppen
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J de Jonge
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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33
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Exercise and food supplement of vitamin C ameliorate hypertension through improvement of gut microflora in the spontaneously hypertensive rats. Life Sci 2021; 269:119097. [PMID: 33482189 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Exercise and food supplement of vitamin C (VC) are beneficial to human health, especially for those who suffer from hypertension. Here we tend to explore if gut microflora is involved in the anti-hypertensive effects of exercise and VC-supplement therapies. MATERIALS AND METHODS With the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model, the small intestine pathology and the fecal microbiota was analyzed along with the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (PICs and AICs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the hypothalamus paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and intestine. KEY FINDINGS We found that both exercise and VC intake, individually or combined, were able to alleviate the blood pressure in the SHRs comparing to the normotensive control Wistar-kyoto (WKY) rats. The expression level of PICs in the PVN and intestine of the SHRs was down-regulated while the AICs were up-regulated after treatments, together with down-regulation of ROS in the PVN. At meantime, the gut pathology was dramatically improved in the SHRs with exercise training or VC intake. Analysis of the gut microflora revealed significant changes in their composition. Several important micro-organisms that were deficient in the SHRs were found up-regulated by the treatments, including Turicibacter and Romboutsia which are involved in the short-chain fatty acid production. SIGNIFICANCE Exercise training and VC intake individually can modify the gut microflora composition and improve the inflammatory state in both PVN and intestine, which contribute to their anti-hypertensive function. Combination of the two treatments enhanced their effects and worth to be considered as a non-medical aid for the hypertensive patients.
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34
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Jing Y, Bai F, Yu Y. Spinal cord injury and gut microbiota: A review. Life Sci 2020; 266:118865. [PMID: 33301807 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
After spinal cord injury (SCI), intestinal dysfunction has a serious impact on physical and mental health, quality of life, and social participation. Recent data from rodent and human studies indicated that SCI causes gut dysbiosis. Remodeling gut microbiota could be beneficial for the recovery of intestinal function and motor function after SCI. However, few studies have explored SCI with focus on the gut microbiota and "microbiota-gut-brain" axis. In this review, the complications following SCI, including intestinal dysfunction, anxiety and depression, metabolic disorders, and neuropathic pain, are directly or indirectly related to gut dysbiosis, which may be mediated by "gut-brain" interactions. Furthermore, we discuss the research strategies that can be beneficial in this regard, including germ-free animals, fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, phages, and brain imaging techniques. The current microbial research has shifted from descriptive to mechanismal perspective, and future research using new technologies may further demonstrate the pathophysiological mechanism of association of SCI with gut microbiota, elucidate the mode of interaction of gut microbiota and hosts, and help develop personalized microbiota-targeted therapies and drugs based on microbiota or corresponding metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Jing
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing 100068, China; Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing 100068, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing 100068, China; Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100068, China
| | - Fan Bai
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing 100068, China; Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing 100068, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing 100068, China; Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100068, China
| | - Yan Yu
- China Rehabilitation Science Institute, Beijing 100068, China; Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing 100068, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Neural Injury and Rehabilitation, Beijing 100068, China; Center of Neural Injury and Repair, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100068, China.
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35
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Kim KN, Yao Y, Ju SY. Heart rate variability and inflammatory bowel disease in humans: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e23430. [PMID: 33235125 PMCID: PMC7710256 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) maintains homeostasis in the gastrointestinal tract, including immunity, inflammation and motility, through the brain-gut axis. To date, the associations between ANS function and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been controversial and inconclusive in human studies. PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase were searched through February 2020 for articles reporting these association between heart rate variability (HRV), an indirect measure of ANS activity, and IBD. The standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Ten eligible studies involving 273 ulcerative colitis patients, 167 Crohn's disease patients and 208 healthy controls were included. The values of the total power (SMD = -0.83, 95% CI = -1.44, -0.21), high frequency (SMD = -0.79, 95% CI = -1.20, -0.38), RR interval (SMD = -0.66, 95% CI = -1.04, -0.27), standard deviation of the RR intervals (SMD = -1.00, 95% CI = -1.73, -0.27), percentage of RR intervals with a greater than 50-millisecond variation (SMD = -0.82, 95% CI = -1.33, -0.30) and the square root of the mean squared differences in successive RR intervals (SMD = -0.71, 95% CI = -1.15, -0.26) of the IBD patients were lower than those of the healthy controls, and moderate to large effect sizes were observed in all HRV indices, except for low frequency (SMD = -0.41, 95% CI = 0.95, 0.13). IBD was strongly associated with an overall decrease in HRV, indicating substantially decreased ANS activity. Furthermore, the parasympathetic nerve displayed a stronger inverse association with ANS activity than the sympathetic nerve, indicating ANS dysfunction in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Nam Kim
- Department of Family Practice and Community Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yao Yao
- Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies and Raissun Institute for Advanced Studies, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Medical School of Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sang-Yhun Ju
- Department of Family Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Rodionova K, Hilgers KF, Paulus EM, Tiegs G, Ott C, Schmieder R, Schiffer M, Amann K, Veelken R, Ditting T. Neurogenic tachykinin mechanisms in experimental nephritis of rats. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:1705-1717. [PMID: 33070237 PMCID: PMC7691313 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02469-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated earlier that renal afferent pathways combine very likely “classical” neural signal transduction to the central nervous system and a substance P (SP)–dependent mechanism to control sympathetic activity. SP content of afferent sensory neurons is known to mediate neurogenic inflammation upon release. We tested the hypothesis that alterations in SP-dependent mechanisms of renal innervation contribute to experimental nephritis. Nephritis was induced by OX-7 antibodies in rats, 6 days later instrumented for recording of blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), drug administration, and intrarenal administration (IRA) of the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin to stimulate afferent renal nerve pathways containing SP and electrodes for renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA). The presence of the SP receptor NK-1 on renal immune cells was assessed by FACS. IRA capsaicin decreased RSNA from 62.4 ± 5.1 to 21.6 ± 1.5 mV s (*p < 0.05) in controls, a response impaired in nephritis. Suppressed RSNA transiently but completely recovered after systemic administration of a neurokinin 1 (NK1-R) blocker. NK-1 receptors occurred mainly on CD11+ dendritic cells (DCs). An enhanced frequency of CD11c+NK1R+ cell, NK-1 receptor+ macrophages, and DCs was assessed in nephritis. Administration of the NK-1R antagonist aprepitant during nephritis reduced CD11c+NK1R+ cells, macrophage infiltration, renal expression of chemokines, and markers of sclerosis. Hence, SP promoted renal inflammation by weakening sympathoinhibitory mechanisms, while at the same time, substance SP released intrarenally from afferent nerve fibers aggravated immunological processes i.e. by the recruitment of DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Rodionova
- Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Loschgestraße 8, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl F Hilgers
- Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Loschgestraße 8, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Paulus
- Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Loschgestraße 8, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gisa Tiegs
- Center of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Ott
- Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Loschgestraße 8, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), Paracelsus Private Medical School, Klinikum Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Roland Schmieder
- Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Loschgestraße 8, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mario Schiffer
- Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Loschgestraße 8, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roland Veelken
- Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Loschgestraße 8, 91054, Erlangen, Germany. .,Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), Paracelsus Private Medical School, Klinikum Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany.
| | - Tilmann Ditting
- Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen, Loschgestraße 8, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Nephrology und Hypertension), Paracelsus Private Medical School, Klinikum Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
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Nijakowski K, Surdacka A. Salivary Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207477. [PMID: 33050496 PMCID: PMC7589027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva as a biological fluid has a remarkable potential in the non-invasive diagnostics of several systemic disorders. Inflammatory bowel diseases are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. This systematic review was designed to answer the question “Are salivary biomarkers reliable for the diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases?”. Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, eleven studies were included (according to PRISMA statement guidelines). Due to their heterogeneity, the potential salivary markers for IBD were divided into four groups: oxidative status markers, inflammatory cytokines, microRNAs and other biomarkers. Active CD patients manifest decreased activity of antioxidants (e.g., glutathione, catalase) and increased lipid peroxidation. Therefore, malondialdehyde seems to be a good diagnostic marker of CD. Moreover, elevated concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines (such as interleukin 1β, interleukin 6 or tumour necrosis factor α) are associated with the activity of IBD. Additionaly, selected miRNAs are altered in saliva (overexpressed miR-101 in CD; overexpressed miR-21, miR-31, miR-142-3p and underexpressed miR-142-5p in UC). Among other salivary biomarkers, exosomal PSMA7, α-amylase and calprotectin are detected. In conclusion, saliva contains several biomarkers which can be used credibly for the early diagnosis and regular monitoring of IBD. However, further investigations are necessary to validate these findings, as well as to identify new reliable salivary biomarkers.
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Sharma RK, Oliveira AC, Yang T, Kim S, Zubcevic J, Aquino V, Lobaton GO, Goel R, Richards EM, Raizada MK. Pulmonary arterial hypertension-associated changes in gut pathology and microbiota. ERJ Open Res 2020; 6:00253-2019. [PMID: 32743008 PMCID: PMC7383054 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00253-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence implicates an interplay among multiple organs such as brain, vasculature, gut and lung in the development of established pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This has led us to propose that activated microglia mediated-enhanced sympathetic activation contributes to PAH pathophysiology. Since enhanced sympathetic activity is observed in human PAH and the gut is highly innervated by sympathetic nerves that regulate its physiological functions, we hypothesized that PAH would be associated with gut pathophysiology. A monocrotaline rat model of PAH was utilized to investigate the link between gut pathology and PAH. Haemodynamics, histology, immunocytochemistry and 16S RNA gene sequencing were used to assess cardiopulmonary functions, gut pathology and gut microbial communities respectively. Monocrotaline treatment caused increased right ventricular systolic pressure, haemodynamics and pathological changes associated with PAH. PAH animals also showed profound gut pathology that included increased intestinal permeability, increased muscularis layer, decreased villi length and goblet cells. These changes in gut pathology were associated with alterations in microbial communities, some unique to PAH animals. Furthermore, enhanced gut-neural communication involving the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and increased sympathetic drive were observed. In conclusion, our data show the presence of gut pathology and distinct changes in gut microbiota and increased sympathetic activity in PAH. They suggest that dysfunctional gut-brain crosstalk could be critical in PAH and considered a future therapeutic target for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra K. Sharma
- Dept of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Aline C. Oliveira
- Dept of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tao Yang
- Dept of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Seungbum Kim
- Dept of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jasenka Zubcevic
- Dept of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Victor Aquino
- Dept of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gilberto O. Lobaton
- Dept of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ruby Goel
- Dept of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Elaine M. Richards
- Dept of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mohan K. Raizada
- Dept of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Andreou AP, Fuccaro M, Lambru G. The role of erenumab in the treatment of migraine. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2020; 13:1756286420927119. [PMID: 32523630 PMCID: PMC7257830 DOI: 10.1177/1756286420927119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been the
first class of specifically developed preventive treatments for migraine.
Clinical trials data suggest superiority of the CGRP mAbs to placebo in terms of
prevention of migraine symptoms, migraine-specific quality of life and headache
related disability. Treatment-related side effects overall did not differ
significantly from placebo and discontinuation rate due to side effects has been
low across the clinical trials, perhaps in view of their peripheral mode of
action. Along with their route and frequency of administration, these novel
class of drugs may constitute an improvement compared with the established
arsenal of migraine treatments. Erenumab is a fully human antibody and the only
mAb acting on the CGRP pathway by blocking its receptor. It is the first of the
CGRP mAb class approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (May 2018) and
the European Medicines Agency (July 2018). Erenumab exists in two different
doses (70 mg and 140 mg) and it is administered with monthly subcutaneous
injections. This review summarises erenumab pharmacological characteristics,
clinical trials data, focusing on the potential role of this treatment in
clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna P Andreou
- The Headache Service, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Matteo Fuccaro
- Department of Neurology, Treviso Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | - Giorgio Lambru
- The Headache Service, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
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Zeng Z, Mukherjee A, Varghese AP, Yang XL, Chen S, Zhang H. Roles of G protein-coupled receptors in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:1242-1261. [PMID: 32256014 PMCID: PMC7109274 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i12.1242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex disease with multiple pathogenic factors. Although the pathogenesis of IBD is still unclear, a current hypothesis suggests that genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, a dysfunctional immune system, the microbiome, and the interactions of these factors substantially contribute to the occurrence and development of IBD. Although existing and emerging drugs have been proven to be effective in treating IBD, none can cure IBD permanently. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are critical signaling molecules implicated in the immune response, cell proliferation, inflammation regulation and intestinal barrier maintenance. Breakthroughs in the understanding of the structures and functions of GPCRs have provided a driving force for exploring the roles of GPCRs in the pathogenesis of diseases, thereby leading to the development of GPCR-targeted medication. To date, a number of GPCRs have been shown to be associated with IBD, significantly advancing the drug discovery process for IBD. The associations between GPCRs and disease activity, disease severity, and disease phenotypes have also paved new avenues for the precise management of patients with IBD. In this review, we mainly focus on the roles of the most studied proton-sensing GPCRs, cannabinoid receptors, and estrogen-related GPCRs in the pathogenesis of IBD and their potential clinical values in IBD and some other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 410061, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Arjudeb Mukherjee
- West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 410061, Sichuan Province, China
| | | | - Xiao-Li Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 410061, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Sha Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 410061, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 410061, Sichuan Province, China
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41
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Wei Y, Liang Y, Lin H, Dai Y, Yao S. Autonomic nervous system and inflammation interaction in endometriosis-associated pain. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:80. [PMID: 32145751 PMCID: PMC7060607 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01752-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease. Pain is the most common symptom in endometriosis. Endometriosis-associated pain is caused by inflammation, and is related to aberrant innervation. Although the specific mechanism between endometriosis-associated pain and the interaction of aberrant innervation and inflammation remains unclear, many studies have confirmed certain correlations between them. In addition, we found that some chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases (AIDs) such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) share similar characteristics: the changes in dysregulation of inflammatory factors as well as the function and innervation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The mechanisms underlying the interaction between the ANS and inflammation have provided new advances among these disorders. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to compare the changes in inflammation and ANS in endometriosis, IBD, and RA; and to explore the role and possible mechanism of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves in endometriosis-associated inflammation by referring to IBD and RA studies to provide some reference for further endometriosis research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, the 2nd Zhongshan Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanchun Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, the 2nd Zhongshan Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Haishan Lin
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510089, China
| | - Yujing Dai
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510089, China
| | - Shuzhong Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 58, the 2nd Zhongshan Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
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Jarret A, Jackson R, Duizer C, Healy ME, Zhao J, Rone JM, Bielecki P, Sefik E, Roulis M, Rice T, Sivanathan KN, Zhou T, Solis AG, Honcharova-Biletska H, Vélez K, Hartner S, Low JS, Qu R, de Zoete MR, Palm NW, Ring AM, Weber A, Moor AE, Kluger Y, Nowarski R, Flavell RA. Enteric Nervous System-Derived IL-18 Orchestrates Mucosal Barrier Immunity. Cell 2020; 180:50-63.e12. [PMID: 31923399 PMCID: PMC7339937 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mucosal barrier immunity is essential for the maintenance of the commensal microflora and combating invasive bacterial infection. Although immune and epithelial cells are thought to be the canonical orchestrators of this complex equilibrium, here, we show that the enteric nervous system (ENS) plays an essential and non-redundant role in governing the antimicrobial protein (AMP) response. Using confocal microscopy and single-molecule fluorescence in situ mRNA hybridization (smFISH) studies, we observed that intestinal neurons produce the pleiotropic cytokine IL-18. Strikingly, deletion of IL-18 from the enteric neurons alone, but not immune or epithelial cells, rendered mice susceptible to invasive Salmonella typhimurium (S.t.) infection. Mechanistically, unbiased RNA sequencing and single-cell sequencing revealed that enteric neuronal IL-18 is specifically required for homeostatic goblet cell AMP production. Together, we show that neuron-derived IL-18 signaling controls tissue-wide intestinal immunity and has profound consequences on the mucosal barrier and invasive bacterial killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Jarret
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ruaidhrí Jackson
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Coco Duizer
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Marc E Healy
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland; Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Program of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Joseph M Rone
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Piotr Bielecki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Esen Sefik
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Manolis Roulis
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Tyler Rice
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Kisha N Sivanathan
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Angel G Solis
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Hanna Honcharova-Biletska
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Karelia Vélez
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Saskia Hartner
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; University of Vienna, Universitätsring 1, Wien 1010, Austria
| | - Jun Siong Low
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Rihao Qu
- Program of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Marcel R de Zoete
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Noah W Palm
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Aaron M Ring
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Achim Weber
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland; Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Andreas E Moor
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Yuval Kluger
- Program of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Applied Mathematics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Roni Nowarski
- Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Kigerl KA, Zane K, Adams K, Sullivan MB, Popovich PG. The spinal cord-gut-immune axis as a master regulator of health and neurological function after spinal cord injury. Exp Neurol 2020; 323:113085. [PMID: 31654639 PMCID: PMC6918675 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Most spinal cord injury (SCI) research programs focus only on the injured spinal cord with the goal of restoring locomotor function by overcoming mechanisms of cell death or axon regeneration failure. Given the importance of the spinal cord as a locomotor control center and the public perception that paralysis is the defining feature of SCI, this "spinal-centric" focus is logical. Unfortunately, such a focus likely will not yield new discoveries that reverse other devastating consequences of SCI including cardiovascular and metabolic disease, bladder/bowel dysfunction and infection. The current review considers how SCI changes the physiological interplay between the spinal cord, the gut and the immune system. A suspected culprit in causing many of the pathological manifestations of impaired spinal cord-gut-immune axis homeostasis is the gut microbiota. After SCI, the composition of the gut microbiota changes, creating a chronic state of gut "dysbiosis". To date, much of what we know about gut dysbiosis was learned from 16S-based taxonomic profiling studies that reveal changes in the composition and abundance of various bacteria. However, this approach has limitations and creates taxonomic "blindspots". Notably, only bacteria can be analyzed. Thus, in this review we also discuss how the application of emerging sequencing technologies can improve our understanding of how the broader ecosystem in the gut is affected by SCI. Specifically, metagenomics will provide researchers with a more comprehensive look at post-injury changes in the gut virome (and mycome). Metagenomics also allows changes in microbe population dynamics to be linked to specific microbial functions that can affect the development and progression of metabolic disease, immune dysfunction and affective disorders after SCI. As these new tools become more readily available and used across the research community, the development of an "ecogenomic" toolbox will facilitate an Eco-Systems Biology approach to study the complex interplay along the spinal cord-gut-immune axis after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina A Kigerl
- The Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, the Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Kylie Zane
- The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA
| | - Kia Adams
- The Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, the Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Matthew B Sullivan
- Departments of Microbiology, Civil, Environmental and Geodetic Engineering at The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Phillip G Popovich
- The Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury, the Center for Brain and Spinal Cord Repair, Department of Neuroscience, Wexner Medical Center at The Ohio State University, USA.
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Gonzalez‐Lopez E, Vrana KE. Dopamine beta‐hydroxylase and its genetic variants in human health and disease. J Neurochem 2019; 152:157-181. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kent E. Vrana
- Department of Pharmacology Penn State College of Medicine Hershey PA USA
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45
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Neuroimmune Interactions in the Gut and Their Significance for Intestinal Immunity. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070670. [PMID: 31269754 PMCID: PMC6679154 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have a complex, multifactorial pathophysiology with an unmet need for effective treatment. This calls for novel strategies to improve disease outcome and quality of life for patients. Increasing evidence suggests that autonomic nerves and neurotransmitters, as well as neuropeptides, modulate the intestinal immune system, and thereby regulate the intestinal inflammatory processes. Although the autonomic nervous system is classically divided in a sympathetic and parasympathetic branch, both play a pivotal role in the crosstalk with the immune system, with the enteric nervous system acting as a potential interface. Pilot clinical trials that employ vagus nerve stimulation to reduce inflammation are met with promising results. In this paper, we review current knowledge on the innervation of the gut, the potential of cholinergic and adrenergic systems to modulate intestinal immunity, and comment on ongoing developments in clinical trials.
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Zubcevic J, Richards EM, Yang T, Kim S, Sumners C, Pepine CJ, Raizada MK. Impaired Autonomic Nervous System-Microbiome Circuit in Hypertension. Circ Res 2019; 125:104-116. [PMID: 31219753 PMCID: PMC6588177 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.313965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension affects an estimated 103 million Americans, yet gaps in knowledge continue to limit its successful management. Rapidly emerging evidence is linking gut dysbiosis to many disorders and diseases including hypertension. The evolution of the -omics techniques has allowed determination of the abundance and potential function of gut bacterial species by next-generation bacterial sequencing, whereas metabolomics techniques report shifts in bacterial metabolites in the systemic circulation of hypertensive patients and rodent models of hypertension. The gut microbiome and host have evolved to exist in balance and cooperation, and there is extensive crosstalk between the 2 to maintain this balance, including during regulation of blood pressure. However, an understanding of the mechanisms of dysfunctional host-microbiome interactions in hypertension is still lacking. Here, we synthesize some of our recent data with published reports and present concepts and a rationale for our emerging hypothesis of a dysfunctional gut-brain axis in hypertension. Hopefully, this new information will improve the understanding of hypertension and help to address some of these knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasenka Zubcevic
- Department of Physiological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine; University of Florida, Gainesville FL32610
| | - Elaine M. Richards
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL32610
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL32610
| | - Seungbum Kim
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL32610
| | - Colin Sumners
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL32610
| | - Carl J Pepine
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL32610
| | - Mohan K Raizada
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville FL32610
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Meroni E, Stakenborg N, Viola MF, Boeckxstaens GE. Intestinal macrophages and their interaction with the enteric nervous system in health and inflammatory bowel disease. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 225:e13163. [PMID: 29998613 PMCID: PMC6519157 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, there has been an increasing understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms that mediate modulation of the immune system by the autonomic nervous system. The discovery that vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) attenuates endotoxin-induced experimental sepsis paved the way for further studies investigating neuro-immune interaction. In particular, great attention is now given to intestinal macrophages: several studies report the existence of both intrinsic and extrinsic neural mechanisms by which intestinal immune homoeostasis can be regulated in different layers of the intestine, mainly by affecting macrophage activation through neurotransmitter release. Given the important role of inflammation in numerous disease processes, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), cholinergic anti-inflammatory mechanisms are under intense investigation both from a basic and clinical science perspective in immune-mediated diseases such as IBD. This review discusses recent insights on the cross-talk between enteric neurons and the immune system, especially focusing on macrophages, and provides an overview of basic and translational aspects of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory response as therapeutic alternative to reinstall immune homoeostasis in intestinal chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Meroni
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and AgeingTranslational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID)KU Leuven—University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Nathalie Stakenborg
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and AgeingTranslational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID)KU Leuven—University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Maria Francesca Viola
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and AgeingTranslational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID)KU Leuven—University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Guy E. Boeckxstaens
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and AgeingTranslational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID)KU Leuven—University of LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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Gonzalez-Lopez E, Kawasawa-Imamura Y, Zhang L, Huang X, Koltun WA, Coates MD, Vrana KE. A single nucleotide polymorphism in dopamine beta hydroxylase (rs6271(C>T)) is over-represented in inflammatory bowel disease patients and reduces circulating enzyme. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210175. [PMID: 30817802 PMCID: PMC6394932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are associated with altered neuronal regulation of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and release of norepinephrine (NE). As sympathetic innervation of the GI tract modulates motility, blood flow, and immune function, changes in NE signaling may alter the risk of developing IBD. Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DβH), the enzyme responsible for NE production, has been suggested to play a critical role in IBD, however the exact mechanism is unknown. We hypothesized that genetic variants of DβH could increase the risk of IBD. We performed genetic analysis on 45 IBD patients and 74 controls. IBD patients were screened by targeted exome sequencing and compared with NeuroX DβH single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping data of the controls. Serum DβH protein levels for 15 IBD patients and 13 controls were evaluated using immunoblots and competitive ELISA. Seven SNPs were observed from DβH targeted exome sequencing in the 45 IBD patients. A single non-synonymous SNP, rs6271 (Arg549Cys), had a significant association with IBD patients; the odds ratio was a 5.6 times higher SNP frequency in IBD patients compared to controls (p = 0.002). We also examined the function and availability of the protein in both the IBD and control patients' sera bearing DβH Arg549Cys. Both control and IBD subjects bearing the heterozygote allele had statistically lower DβH protein levels while the intrinsic enzyme activity was higher. This is the first report of a noradrenergic genetic polymorphism (rs6271; Arg549Cys) associated with IBD. This polymorphism is associated with significantly lower levels of circulating DβH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Gonzalez-Lopez
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Yuka Kawasawa-Imamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Genome Sciences Core Facility, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Genome Sciences Core Facility, Institute for Personalized Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Xuemei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Departments of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Radiology, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, and Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Walter A. Koltun
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Matthew D. Coates
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Pennsylvania State University Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kent E. Vrana
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Willemze RA, Welting O, van Hamersveld P, Verseijden C, Nijhuis LE, Hilbers FW, Meijer SL, Heesters BA, Folgering JHA, Darwinkel H, Blancou P, Vervoordeldonk MJ, Seppen J, Heinsbroek SEM, de Jonge WJ. Loss of intestinal sympathetic innervation elicits an innate immune driven colitis. Mol Med 2019; 25:1. [PMID: 30616543 PMCID: PMC6322236 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-018-0068-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system exert control over innate immune responses. In inflammatory bowel disease, sympathetic innervation in intestinal mucosa is reduced. Our aim was to investigate the role of sympathetic innervation to the intestine on regulation of the innate immune responses. METHODS In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages, we evaluated the effect of adrenergic receptor activation on cytokine production and metabolic profile. In vivo, the effect of sympathetic denervation on mucosal innate immune responses using 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), or using surgical transection of the superior mesenteric nerve (sympathectomy) was tested in Rag1-/- mice that lack T- and B-lymphocytes. RESULTS In murine macrophages, adrenergic β2 receptor activation elicited a dose-dependent reduction of LPS-induced cytokines, reduced LPS-induced glycolysis and increased maximum respiration. Sympathectomy led to a significantly decreased norepinephrine concentration in intestinal tissue. Within 14 days after sympathectomy, mice developed clinical signs of colitis, colon oedema and excess colonic cytokine production. Both 6-OHDA and sympathectomy led to prominent goblet cell depletion and histological damage of colonic mucosa. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the sympathetic nervous system plays a regulatory role in constraining innate immune cell reactivity towards microbial challenges, likely via the adrenergic β2 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose A Willemze
- Amsterdam UMC, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 69, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Olaf Welting
- Amsterdam UMC, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 69, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patricia van Hamersveld
- Amsterdam UMC, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 69, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Verseijden
- Amsterdam UMC, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 69, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laurens E Nijhuis
- Amsterdam UMC, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 69, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Francisca W Hilbers
- Amsterdam UMC, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 69, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sybren L Meijer
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Pathology, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Balthasar A Heesters
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Experimental Immunology, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost H A Folgering
- Charles River Laboratories, Discovery, De Mudden 16, 9747 AW, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harold Darwinkel
- Charles River Laboratories, Discovery, De Mudden 16, 9747 AW, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Blancou
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Nice Sophia Antipolis University, 660 Route des Lucioles, 06560, Valbonne, France
| | | | - Jurgen Seppen
- Amsterdam UMC, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 69, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sigrid E M Heinsbroek
- Amsterdam UMC, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 69, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J de Jonge
- Amsterdam UMC, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 69, 1105 BK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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50
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Winsö O, Kral J, Wang W, Kralova I, Abrahamsson P, Johansson G, Blind PJ. Thoracic epidural anaesthesia reduces insulin resistance and inflammatory response in experimental acute pancreatitis. Ups J Med Sci 2018; 123:207-215. [PMID: 30468105 PMCID: PMC6327622 DOI: 10.1080/03009734.2018.1539054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The activity of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is crucial at an early stage in the development of an inflammatory reaction. A study of metabolic events globally and locally in the early phase of acute pancreatitis (AP), implying hampered SNS activity, is lacking. We hypothesized that thoracic epidural anaesthesia (TEA) modulates the inflammatory response and alleviates the severity of AP in pigs. MATERIAL AND METHODS The taurocholate (TC) group (n = 8) had only TC AP. The TC + TEA group (n = 8) had AP and TEA. A control group (n = 8) underwent all the preparations, without having AP or TEA. Metabolic changes in the pancreas were evaluated by microdialysis and by histopathological examination. RESULTS The relative increase in serum lipase concentrations was more pronounced in the TC group than in TC + TEA and control groups. A decrease in relative tissue oxygen tension (PtiO2) levels occurred one hour later in the TC + TEA group than in the TC group. The maintenance of normoglycaemia in the TC group required a higher glucose infusion rate than in the TC + TEA group. The relative decrease in serum insulin concentrations was most pronounced in the TC + TEA group. CONCLUSION TEA attenuates the development of AP, as indicated by changes observed in haemodynamic parameters and by the easier maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Further, TEA was associated with attenuated insulin resistance and fewer local pathophysiological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola Winsö
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- CONTACT Professor Ola Winsö, MD, PhD Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Umeå University, SE-901 85Umeå, Sweden
| | - Josef Kral
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Wanzhong Wang
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ivana Kralova
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Abrahamsson
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Göran Johansson
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Per-Jonas Blind
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Surgery, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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