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Hoerning A, Jüngert J, Siebenlist G, Knieling F, Regensburger AP. Ultrasound in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease-A Review of the State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Children (Basel) 2024; 11:156. [PMID: 38397268 PMCID: PMC10887069 DOI: 10.3390/children11020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises a group of relapsing, chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract that, in addition to adults, can affect children and adolescents. To detect relapses of inflammation, these patients require close observation, frequent follow-up, and therapeutic adjustments. While reference standard diagnostics include anamnestic factors, laboratory and stool sample assessment, performing specific imaging in children and adolescents is much more challenging than in adults. Endoscopic and classic cross-sectional imaging modalities may be invasive and often require sedation for younger patients. For this reason, intestinal ultrasound (IUS) is becoming increasingly important for the non-invasive assessment of the intestine and its inflammatory affection. In this review, we would like to shed light on the current state of the art and provide an outlook on developments in this field that could potentially spare these patients more invasive follow-up procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Hoerning
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- German Center Immunotherapy (DZI), University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg Jüngert
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gregor Siebenlist
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Knieling
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Adrian P Regensburger
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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2
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Wang L, Yuan PQ, Taché Y. Vasculature in the mouse colon and spatial relationships with the enteric nervous system, glia, and immune cells. Front Neuroanat 2023; 17:1130169. [PMID: 37332321 PMCID: PMC10272736 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2023.1130169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The distribution, morphology, and innervation of vasculature in different mouse colonic segments and layers, as well as spatial relationships of the vasculature with the enteric plexuses, glia, and macrophages are far from being complete. The vessels in the adult mouse colon were stained by the cardiovascular perfusion of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-Alexa Fluor 448 and by CD31 immunoreactivity. Nerve fibers, enteric glia, and macrophages were immunostained in the WGA-perfused colon. The blood vessels entered from the mesentery to the submucosa and branched into the capillary networks in the mucosa and muscularis externa. The capillary net formed anastomosed rings at the orifices of mucosa crypts, and the capillary rings surrounded the crypts individually in the proximal colon and more than two crypts in the distal colon. Microvessels in the muscularis externa with myenteric plexus were less dense than in the mucosa and formed loops. In the circular smooth muscle layer, microvessels were distributed in the proximal, but not the distal colon. Capillaries did not enter the enteric ganglia. There were no significant differences in microvascular volume per tissue volume between the proximal and distal colon either in the mucosa or muscularis externa containing the myenteric plexus. PGP9.5-, tyrosine hydroxylase-, and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-immunoreactive nerve fibers were distributed along the vessels in the submucosa. In the mucosa, PGP9.5-, CGRP-, and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-immunoreactive nerves terminated close to the capillary rings, while cells and processes labeled by S100B and glial fibrillary acidic protein were distributed mainly in the lamina propria and lower portion of the mucosa. Dense Iba1 immunoreactive macrophages were closely adjacent to the mucosal capillary rings. There were a few macrophages, but no glia in apposition to microvessels in the submucosa and muscularis externa. In conclusion, in the mouse colon, (1) the differences in vasculature between the proximal and distal colon were associated with the morphology, but not the microvascular amount per tissue volume in the mucosa and muscle layers; (2) the colonic mucosa contained significantly more microvessels than the muscularis externa; and (3) there were more CGRP and VIP nerve fibers found close to microvessels in the mucosa and submucosa than in the muscle layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Wang
- Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Pu-Qing Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yvette Taché
- Department of Medicine, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Norton CE, Grunz-Borgmann EA, Hart ML, Jones BW, Franklin CL, Boerman EM. Role of perivascular nerve and sensory neurotransmitter dysfunction in inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1887-H1902. [PMID: 33710922 PMCID: PMC8163646 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00037.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with both impaired intestinal blood flow and increased risk of cardiovascular disease, but the functional role of perivascular nerves that control vasomotor function of mesenteric arteries (MAs) perfusing the intestine during IBD is unknown. Because perivascular sensory nerves and their transmitters calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P (SP) are important mediators of both vasodilation and inflammatory responses, our objective was to identify IBD-related deficits in perivascular sensory nerve function and vascular neurotransmitter signaling. In MAs from an interleukin-10 knockout (IL-10-/-) mouse model, IBD significantly impairs electrical field stimulation (EFS)-mediated sensory vasodilation and inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstriction, despite decreased sympathetic nerve density and vasoconstriction. The MA content and EFS-mediated release of both CGRP and SP are decreased with IBD, but IBD has unique effects on each transmitter. CGRP nerve density, receptor expression, hyperpolarization, and vasodilation are preserved with IBD. In contrast, SP nerve density and receptor expression are increased, and SP hyperpolarization and vasodilation are impaired with IBD. A key finding is that blockade of SP receptors restores EFS-mediated sensory vasodilation and enhanced CGRP-mediated vasodilation in MAs from IBD but not Control mice. Together, these data suggest that an aberrant role for the perivascular sensory neurotransmitter SP and its downstream signaling in MAs underlies vascular dysfunction with IBD. We propose that with IBD, SP signaling impedes CGRP-mediated sensory vasodilation, contributing to impaired blood flow. Thus, substance P and NK1 receptors may represent an important target for treating vascular dysfunction in IBD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study is the first to show that IBD causes profound impairment of sensory vasodilation and inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstriction in mesenteric arteries. This occurs alongside decreased SP-containing nerve density and increased expression of NK1 receptors for SP. In contrast, CGRP dilation, nerve density, and receptor expression are unchanged. Blocking NK1 receptors restores sensory vasodilation in MAs and increases CGRP-mediated vasodilation, indicating that SP interference with CGRP signaling may underlie impaired sensory vasodilation with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Norton
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | | | - Marcia L Hart
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Benjamin W Jones
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Craig L Franklin
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Erika M Boerman
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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Dickson K, Malitan H, Lehmann C. Imaging of the Intestinal Microcirculation during Acute and Chronic Inflammation. Biology (Basel) 2020; 9:E418. [PMID: 33255906 PMCID: PMC7760140 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Because of its unique microvascular anatomy, the intestine is particularly vulnerable to microcirculatory disturbances. During inflammation, pathological changes in blood flow, vessel integrity and capillary density result in impaired tissue oxygenation. In severe cases, these changes can progress to multiorgan failure and possibly death. Microcirculation may be evaluated in superficial tissues in patients using video microscopy devices, but these techniques do not allow the assessment of intestinal microcirculation. The gold standard for the experimental evaluation of intestinal microcirculation is intravital microscopy, a technique that allows for the in vivo examination of many pathophysiological processes including leukocyte-endothelial interactions and capillary blood flow. This review provides an overview of changes in the intestinal microcirculation in various acute and chronic inflammatory conditions. Acute conditions discussed include local infections, severe acute pancreatitis, necrotizing enterocolitis and sepsis. Inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome are included as examples of chronic conditions of the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayle Dickson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
| | - Hajer Malitan
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain and Perioperative Management, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
| | - Christian Lehmann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
- Department of Anesthesia, Pain and Perioperative Management, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada;
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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Ackermann M, Mentzer SJ, Kolb M, Jonigk D. Inflammation and intussusceptive angiogenesis in COVID-19: everything in and out of flow. Eur Respir J 2020; 56:13993003.03147-2020. [PMID: 33008942 PMCID: PMC7530910 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.03147-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Ackermann
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Helios University Clinic Wuppertal, University of Witten/Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany .,Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Steven J Mentzer
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin Kolb
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Research Institute at St Joseph's Healthcare, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Hannover, Germany
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6
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Santamaría R, González-Álvarez M, Delgado R, Esteban S, Arroyo AG. Remodeling of the Microvasculature: May the Blood Flow Be With You. Front Physiol 2020; 11:586852. [PMID: 33178049 PMCID: PMC7593767 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.586852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The vasculature ensures optimal delivery of nutrients and oxygen throughout the body, and to achieve this function it must continually adapt to varying tissue demands. Newly formed vascular plexuses during development are immature and require dynamic remodeling to generate well-patterned functional networks. This is achieved by remodeling of the capillaries preserving those which are functional and eliminating other ones. A balanced and dynamically regulated capillary remodeling will therefore ensure optimal distribution of blood and nutrients to the tissues. This is particularly important in pathological contexts in which deficient or excessive vascular remodeling may worsen tissue perfusion and hamper tissue repair. Blood flow is a major determinant of microvascular reshaping since capillaries are pruned when relatively less perfused and they split when exposed to high flow in order to shape the microvascular network for optimal tissue perfusion and oxygenation. The molecular machinery underlying blood flow sensing by endothelial cells is being deciphered, but much less is known about how this translates into endothelial cell responses as alignment, polarization and directed migration to drive capillary remodeling, particularly in vivo. Part of this knowledge is theoretical from computational models since blood flow hemodynamics are not easily recapitulated by in vitro or ex vivo approaches. Moreover, these events are difficult to visualize in vivo due to their infrequency and briefness. Studies had been limited to postnatal mouse retina and vascular beds in zebrafish but new tools as advanced microscopy and image analysis are strengthening our understanding of capillary remodeling. In this review we introduce the concept of remodeling of the microvasculature and its relevance in physiology and pathology. We summarize the current knowledge on the mechanisms contributing to capillary regression and to capillary splitting highlighting the key role of blood flow to orchestrate these processes. Finally, we comment the potential and possibilities that microfluidics offers to this field. Since capillary remodeling mechanisms are often reactivated in prevalent pathologies as cancer and cardiovascular disease, all this knowledge could be eventually used to improve the functionality of capillary networks in diseased tissues and promote their repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Santamaría
- Department of Vascular Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María González-Álvarez
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Delgado
- Department of Vascular Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Esteban
- Department of Vascular Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia G. Arroyo
- Department of Vascular Pathophysiology, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Esteban S, Clemente C, Koziol A, Gonzalo P, Rius C, Martínez F, Linares PM, Chaparro M, Urzainqui A, Andrés V, Seiki M, Gisbert JP, Arroyo AG. Endothelial MT1-MMP targeting limits intussusceptive angiogenesis and colitis via TSP1/nitric oxide axis. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e10862. [PMID: 31793743 PMCID: PMC7005619 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201910862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological angiogenesis contributes to cancer progression and chronic inflammatory diseases. In inflammatory bowel disease, the microvasculature expands by intussusceptive angiogenesis (IA), a poorly characterized mechanism involving increased blood flow and splitting of pre-existing capillaries. In this report, mice lacking the protease MT1-MMP in endothelial cells (MT1iΔEC ) presented limited IA in the capillary plexus of the colon mucosa assessed by 3D imaging during 1% DSS-induced colitis. This resulted in better tissue perfusion, preserved intestinal morphology, and milder disease activity index. Combined in vivo intravital microscopy and lentiviral rescue experiments with in vitro cell culture demonstrated that MT1-MMP activity in endothelial cells is required for vasodilation and IA, as well as for nitric oxide production via binding of the C-terminal fragment of MT1-MMP substrate thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) to CD47/αvβ3 integrin. Moreover, TSP1 levels were significantly higher in serum from IBD patients and in vivo administration of an anti-MT1-MMP inhibitory antibody or a nonamer peptide spanning the αvβ3 integrin binding site in TSP1 reduced IA during mouse colitis. Our results identify MT1-MMP as a new actor in inflammatory IA and a promising therapeutic target for inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Esteban
- Vascular Pathophysiology AreaCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC)MadridSpain
| | - Cristina Clemente
- Vascular Pathophysiology AreaCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC)MadridSpain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB‐CSIC)MadridSpain
| | - Agnieszka Koziol
- Vascular Pathophysiology AreaCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC)MadridSpain
| | - Pilar Gonzalo
- Vascular Pathophysiology AreaCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC)MadridSpain
| | - Cristina Rius
- Vascular Pathophysiology AreaCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC)MadridSpain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER‐CV)MadridSpain
| | - Fernando Martínez
- Bioinformatics UnitCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC)MadridSpain
| | - Pablo M Linares
- Gastroenterology UnitHospital Universitario de La PrincesaInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS‐IP)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER‐EHD)Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - María Chaparro
- Gastroenterology UnitHospital Universitario de La PrincesaInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS‐IP)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER‐EHD)Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Ana Urzainqui
- Immunology DepartmentFIB‐Hospital Universitario de La PrincesaInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS‐IP)MadridSpain
| | - Vicente Andrés
- Vascular Pathophysiology AreaCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC)MadridSpain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBER‐CV)MadridSpain
| | - Motoharu Seiki
- Division of Cancer Cell ResearchInstitute of Medical ScienceUniversity of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Javier P Gisbert
- Gastroenterology UnitHospital Universitario de La PrincesaInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS‐IP)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBER‐EHD)Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Alicia G Arroyo
- Vascular Pathophysiology AreaCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC)MadridSpain
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CIB‐CSIC)MadridSpain
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Zhang J, Yu WQ, Wei T, Zhang C, Wen L, Chen Q, Chen W, Qiu JY, Zhang Y, Liang TB. Effects of Short-Peptide-Based Enteral Nutrition on the Intestinal Microcirculation and Mucosal Barrier in Mice with Severe Acute Pancreatitis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1901191. [PMID: 31965752 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201901191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Short-peptide-based enteral nutrition (SPEN) is absorbed more efficiently in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). More importantly, SPEN decreases SAP-induced enterogenous infection risk. This study aims to investigate whether SPEN alleviates intestinal bacterial translocation in mice with SAP, and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS The SAP model is established after pre-treatment with SPEN or intact-protein-based enteral nutrition. Although there is no improvement in pancreas injury, as evaluated through Hematoxylin-Eosin staining or serum amylase, SPEN obviously attenuates intestinal bacterial translocation after SAP. To unveil the mechanisms, it is found that the intestinal mechanical barrier destroyed by SAP is significantly relieved by SPEN, which presents with recovered ZO-1 expression, mucus layer, and goblet cell function. Additionally, SPEN alleviates local CCR6/CCL20 induced CD11c+ dendritic cell infiltration, systemic immunosuppression, and inhibits the secretion of luminal secretory immunoglobulin A. Possibly responsible for SAP-induced mucosal dysfunctions, destroyed intestinal mucosal microcirculation and local hypoxia are largely improved in SAP+SPEN group. CONCLUSION SPEN can improve downregulated intestinal mucosal microcirculation secondary to SAP, which may be responsible for mucosal inflammation relief, maintenance of the mechanical barrier and mucosal immunity, the correction of systemic immunosuppression, and play a protective role in defending commensal bacterial translocation after SAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-Qiao Yu
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liang Wen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun-Yu Qiu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ting-Bo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.,Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
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9
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Schirbel A, Rebert N, Sadler T, West G, Rieder F, Wagener C, Horst A, Sturm A, de la Motte C, Fiocchi C. Mutual Regulation of TLR/NLR and CEACAM1 in the Intestinal Microvasculature: Implications for IBD Pathogenesis and Therapy. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019; 25:294-305. [PMID: 30295747 PMCID: PMC6327233 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) displays multiple activities, among which pathogen binding and angiogenesis are particularly prominent. These same functions are also exerted by Toll- and NOD-like receptors (TLRs and NLRs), which are critical mediators of innate immune responses. We investigated whether a functional inter-relationship exists between CEACAM1 and TLRs and NLRs and its potential impact on induction of intestinal angiogenesis. METHODS This hypothesis was tested using human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells, a unique cell population exposed to microbial products under physiological and pathological conditions. RESULTS The results show that activation of TLR2/4, TLR4, NOD1, and NOD2 by specific bacterial ligands selectively and differentially upregulates the levels of cellular and soluble CEACAM1 produced by intestinal microvascular endothelial cells. The results also show that CEACAM1 regulates the migration, transmigration, and tube formation of these endothelial cells and mediates vessel sprouting induced by specific TLR and NLR bacterial ligands. Combined, these results demonstrate a close and reciprocal regulatory interaction between CEACAM1 and bacterial products in mediating multiple functions essential to new vessel formation in the gut mucosa. CONCLUSIONS A coordinated and reciprocal interaction of CEACAM1 and microbiota-derived factors is necessary to optimize angiogenesis in the gut mucosa. This suggests that a coordination of endogenous and exogenous innate immune responses is necessary to promote intestinal angiogenesis under physiological and inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Schirbel
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nancy Rebert
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Tammy Sadler
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Gail West
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Andrea Horst
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Sturm
- DRK Kliniken Berlin, Schwerpunkt Gastroenterologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carol de la Motte
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Claudio Fiocchi
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Address correspondence to: Claudio Fiocchi, MD, Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195 ()
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Amic F, Drmic D, Bilic Z, Krezic I, Zizek H, Peklic M, Klicek R, Pajtak A, Amic E, Vidovic T, Rakic M, Milkovic Perisa M, Horvat Pavlov K, Kokot A, Tvrdeic A, Boban Blagaic A, Zovak M, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Bypassing major venous occlusion and duodenal lesions in rats, and therapy with the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, L-NAME and L-arginine. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:5366-5378. [PMID: 30598581 PMCID: PMC6305534 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i47.5366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether duodenal lesions induced by major venous occlusions can be attenuated by BPC 157 regardless nitric oxide (NO) system involvement.
METHODS Male Wistar rats underwent superior anterior pancreaticoduodenal vein (SAPDV)-ligation and were treated with a bath at the ligated SAPDV site (BPC 157 10 μg, 10 ng/kg per 1 mL bath/rat; L-NAME 5 mg/kg per 1 mL bath/rat; L-arginine 100 mg/kg per 1 mL bath/rat, alone and/or together; or BPC 157 10 μg/kg instilled into the rat stomach, at 1 min ligation-time). We recorded the vessel presentation (filled/appearance or emptied/disappearance) between the 5 arcade vessels arising from the SAPDV on the ventral duodenum side, the inferior anterior pancreaticoduodenal vein (IAPDV) and superior mesenteric vein (SMV) as bypassing vascular pathway to document the duodenal lesions presentation; increased NO- and oxidative stress [malondialdehyde (MDA)]-levels in duodenum.
RESULTS Unlike the severe course in the SAPDV-ligated controls, after BPC 157 application, the rats exhibited strong attenuation of the mucosal lesions and serosal congestion, improved vessel presentation, increased interconnections, increased branching by more than 60% from the initial value, the IAPDV and SMV were not congested. Interestingly, after 5 min and 30 min of L-NAME and L-arginine treatment alone, decreased mucosal and serosal duodenal lesions were observed; their effect was worsened at 24 h, and no effect on the collateral vessels and branching was seen. Together, L-NAME+L-arginine antagonized each other’s response, and thus, there was an NO-related effect. With BPC 157, all SAPDV-ligated rats receiving L-NAME and/or L-arginine appeared similar to the rats treated with BPC 157 alone. Also, BPC 157 in SAPDV-ligated rats normalized levels of NO and MDA, two oxidative stress markers, in duodenal tissues.
CONCLUSION BPC 157, rapidly bypassing occlusion, rescued the original duodenal flow through IAPDV to SMV flow, an effect related to the NO system and reduction of free radical formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedor Amic
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Drmic
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Zdenko Bilic
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ivan Krezic
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Helena Zizek
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Marina Peklic
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Robert Klicek
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Alen Pajtak
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Enio Amic
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Tinka Vidovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Mislav Rakic
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Marija Milkovic Perisa
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Katarina Horvat Pavlov
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Antonio Kokot
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ante Tvrdeic
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Alenka Boban Blagaic
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Mario Zovak
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Predrag Sikiric
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Department of Pathology, Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
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Duzel A, Vlainic J, Antunovic M, Malekinusic D, Vrdoljak B, Samara M, Gojkovic S, Krezic I, Vidovic T, Bilic Z, Knezevic M, Sever M, Lojo N, Kokot A, Kolovrat M, Drmic D, Vukojevic J, Kralj T, Kasnik K, Siroglavic M, Seiwerth S, Sikiric P. Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in the treatment of colitis and ischemia and reperfusion in rats: New insights. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:8465-8488. [PMID: 29358856 PMCID: PMC5752708 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i48.8465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To provide new insights in treatment of colitis and ischemia and reperfusion in rats using stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157.
METHODS Medication [BPC 157, L-NAME, L-arginine (alone/combined), saline] was bath at the blood deprived colon segment. During reperfusion, medication was BPC 157 or saline. We recorded (USB microscope camera) vessel presentation through next 15 min of ischemic colitis (IC-rats) or reperfusion (removed ligations) (IC + RL-rats); oxidative stress as MDA (increased (IC- and IC + RL-rats)) and NO levels (decreased (IC-rats); increased (IC + RL-rats)) in colon tissue. IC + OB-rats [IC-rats had additional colon obstruction (OB)] for 3 d (IC + OB-rats), then received BPC 157 bath.
RESULTS Commonly, in colon segment (25 mm, 2 ligations on left colic artery and vein, 3 arcade vessels within ligated segment), in IC-, IC + RL-, IC + OB-rats, BPC 157 (10 μg/kg) bath (1 mL/rat) increased vessel presentation, inside/outside arcade interconnections quickly reappeared, mucosal folds were preserved and the pale areas were small and markedly reduced. BPC 157 counteracted worsening effects induced by L-NAME (5 mg) and L-arginine (100 mg). MDA- and NO-levels were normal in BPC 157 treated IC-rats and IC + RL-rats. In addition, on day 10, BPC 157-treated IC + OB-rats presented almost completely spared mucosa with very small pale areas and no gross mucosal defects; the treated colon segment was of normal diameter, and only small adhesions were present.
CONCLUSION BPC 157 is a fundamental treatment that quickly restores blood supply to the ischemically injured area and rapidly activates collaterals. This effect involves the NO system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonija Duzel
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Josipa Vlainic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Marko Antunovic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Dominik Malekinusic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Borna Vrdoljak
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Mariam Samara
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Slaven Gojkovic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ivan Krezic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Tinka Vidovic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Zdenko Bilic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Mario Knezevic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Marko Sever
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Nermin Lojo
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Antonio Kokot
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Marijan Kolovrat
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Drmic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Jaksa Vukojevic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Tamara Kralj
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Katarina Kasnik
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Marko Siroglavic
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Sven Seiwerth
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Predrag Sikiric
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
- Medical Faculty J.J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
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12
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Mentzer SJ, Konerding MA. Intussusceptive angiogenesis: expansion and remodeling of microvascular networks. Angiogenesis 2014; 17:499-509. [PMID: 24668225 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-014-9428-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Intussusceptive angiogenesis is a dynamic intravascular process capable of dramatically modifying the structure of the microcirculation. The distinctive structural feature of intussusceptive angiogenesis is the intussusceptive pillar--a cylindrical microstructure that spans the lumen of small vessels and capillaries. The extension of the intussusceptive pillar appears to be a mechanism for pruning redundant or inefficient vessels, modifying the branch angle of bifurcating vessels and duplicating existing vessels. Despite the biological importance and therapeutic potential, intussusceptive angiogenesis remains a mystery, in part, because it is an intravascular process that is unseen by conventional light microscopy. Here, we review several fundamental questions in the context of our current understanding of both intussusceptive and sprouting angiogenesis. (1) What are the physiologic signals that trigger pillar formation? (2) What endothelial and blood flow conditions specify pillar location? (3) How do pillars respond to the mechanical influence of blood flow? (4) What biological influences contribute to pillar extension? The answers to these questions are likely to provide important insights into the structure and function of microvascular networks.
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13
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Liu DY, Pan CS, Liu YY, Wei XH, Zhou CM, Sun K, He K, Li C, Yan L, Fan JY. Huang Qi Jian Zhong Pellet Attenuates TNBS-Induced Colitis in Rats via Mechanisms Involving Improvement of Energy Metabolism. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:574629. [PMID: 23840258 PMCID: PMC3690262 DOI: 10.1155/2013/574629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Huang Qi Jian Zhong Pellet (HQJZ) is a famous Chinese medicine formula for treatment of various gastrointestinal tract diseases. This study investigated the role of HQJZ in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid- (TNBS-) induced colitis and its underlying mechanism. Colonic mucosal injury was induced by TNBS in the Sprague-Dawley rats. In the HQJZ treatment group, HQJZ was administered (2 g/kg) for 14 days starting from day 1 after TNBS infusion. Colonic mucosal injury occurred obviously 1 day after TNBS challenge and did not recover distinctively until day 15, including an increase in macro- and microscopic scores, a colonic weight index, a decrease in colonic length, a number of functional capillaries, and blood flow. Inverted intravital microscopy and ELISA showed colonic microcirculatory disturbances and inflammatory responses after TNBS stimulation, respectively. TNBS decreased occludin, RhoA, and ROCK-I, while increasing Rac-1, PAK-1, and phosphorylated myosin light chain. In addition, ATP content and ATP5D expression in colonic mucosa decreased after TNBS challenge. Impressively, treatment with HQJZ significantly attenuated all of the alterations evoked by TNBS, promoting the recovery of colonic injury. The present study demonstrated HQJZ as a multitargeting management for colonic mucosal injury, which set in motion mechanisms involving improvement of energy metabolism.
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Ackermann M, Tsuda A, Secomb TW, Mentzer SJ, Konerding MA. Intussusceptive remodeling of vascular branch angles in chemically-induced murine colitis. Microvasc Res 2013; 87:75-82. [PMID: 23485588 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Intussusceptive angiogenesis is a developmental process linked to both blood vessel replication and remodeling in development. To investigate the prediction that the process of intussusceptive angiogenesis is associated with vessel angle remodeling in adult mice, we systematically evaluated corrosion casts of the mucosal plexus in mice with trinitrobenzesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. The mice demonstrated a significant decrease in vessel angles in both TNBS-induced and DSS-induced colitis within 4 weeks of the onset of colitis (p<.001). Corrosion casts 28-30 days after DSS treatment were studied for a variety of detailed morphometric changes. The vessel diameter and interbranch distance were significantly increased in the descending colon (p<.05). Also consistent with vessel growth, intervascular distance was decreased in the descending colon (p<.05). In contrast, no statistically significant morphometric changes were noted in the ascending colon. The morphometry of the corrosion casts also demonstrated 1) a similar orientation of the remodeled angles within the XY coordinate plane of the mucosal plexus, and 2) alternating periodicity of remodeled and unremodeled vessel angles. We conclude that inflammation-associated intussusceptive angiogenesis in adult mice is associated with vessel angle remodeling. Further, the morphometry of the vessel angles suggests the influence of blood flow on the location and orientation of remodeled vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Ackermann
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
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15
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Calcagno SR, Li S, Shahid MW, Wallace MB, Leitges M, Fields AP, Murray NR. Protein kinase C iota in the intestinal epithelium protects against dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011; 17:1685-97. [PMID: 21744423 PMCID: PMC3116999 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The integrity of the intestinal epithelium is critical for the absorption and retention of fluid and nutrients. The intestinal epithelium also provides a barrier between the intestinal bacteria and the body's immune surveillance. Therefore, intestinal epithelial barrier function is critically important, and disruption of the intestinal epithelium results in rapid repair of the damaged area. METHODS We evaluated the requirement for protein kinase C iota (PKCι) in intestinal epithelial homeostasis and response to epithelial damage using a well-characterized mouse model of colitis. Mice were analyzed for the clinical, histological, and cellular effects of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) treatment. RESULTS Knockout of the mouse PKCι gene (Prkci) in the intestinal epithelium (Prkci KO mice) had no effect on normal colonic homeostasis; however, Prkci KO mice were significantly more sensitive to DSS-induced colitis and death. After withdrawal of DSS, Prkci KO mice exhibited a continued increase in apoptosis, inflammation, and damage to the intestinal microvasculature and a progressive loss of trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) expression, a regulatory peptide important for intestinal wound healing. Knockdown of PKCι expression in HT-29 cells reduced wound healing and TFF3 expression, while addition of exogenous TFF3 restored wound healing in PKCι-depleted cells. CONCLUSIONS Expression of PKCι in the intestinal epithelium protects against DSS-induced colitis. Our data suggest that PKCι reduces DSS-induced damage by promoting intestinal epithelial wound healing through the control of TFF3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuhua Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Muhammad W. Shahid
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Michael B. Wallace
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Michael Leitges
- Biotechnology Centre of Oslo, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alan P. Fields
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Nicole R. Murray
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA,To whom correspondences should be addressed: Nicole R. Murray, Ph.D. Department of Cancer Biology Mayo Clinic College of Medicine-Jacksonville Griffin Cancer Building Room 213 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL 32224 Tel. 904-953-6108 Fax: 904-953-6233
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16
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Abstract
Adaptation of vascular networks to functional demands needs vessel growth, vessel regression and vascular remodelling. Biomechanical forces resulting from blood flow play a key role in these processes. It is well-known that metabolic stimuli, mechanical forces and flow patterns can affect gene expression and remodelling of vascular networks in different ways. For instance, in the sprouting type of angiogenesis related to hypoxia, there is no blood flow in the rising capillary sprout. In contrast, it has been shown that an increase of wall shear stress initiates the splitting type of angiogenesis in skeletal muscle. Otherwise, during development, both sprouting and intussusception act in parallel in building the vascular network, although with differences in spatiotemporal distribution. Thereby, in addition to regulatory molecules, flow dynamics support the patterning and remodelling of the rising vascular tree. Herewith, we present an overview of angiogenic processes with respect to intussusceptive angiogenesis as related to local haemodynamics.
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Aychek T, Vandoorne K, Brenner O, Jung S, Neeman M. Quantitative analysis of intravenously administered contrast media reveals changes in vascular barrier functions in a murine colitis model. Magn Reson Med 2011; 66:235-43. [PMID: 21254214 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.22798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract associated with alterations and dysfunction of the intestinal microvasculature. The goal of this work was to develop a preclinical protocol for quantitative functional characterization of the colonic microvasculature in a murine colitis model. Experimental colitis was induced in mice by addition of dextran sodium sulfate to the drinking water. Histopathologic analysis revealed severe multifocal colitis. Dynamics of intravenously injected macromolecular dextran-FITC and biotin-BSA-GdDTPA in the colonic microvasculature were imaged using fluorescent confocal endomicroscopy and MRI (9.4 T), respectively. Both MRI and fluorescent confocal endomicroscopy revealed a substantial increase in the permeability of the colonic microvasculature associated with colitis, resulting in extravascular accumulation of the macromolecular contrast agent in the lumen of the colon. MRI data were validated by immunohistochemical staining of the contrast agent and leakage of fluorescently labeled BSA-FAM coinjected with the MRI contrast agent. Leakage of plasma proteins and deposition of a provisional matrix can support inflammation and stimulate remodeling of the colonic vasculature. Thus, the plasma protein leakage from the colonic microvasculature at the focal inflammatory patches could be quantified by MRI, providing a biomarker for assessment of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tegest Aychek
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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18
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Konerding MA, Turhan A, Ravnic DJ, Lin M, Fuchs C, Secomb TW, Tsuda A, Mentzer SJ. Inflammation-induced intussusceptive angiogenesis in murine colitis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2010; 293:849-57. [PMID: 20225210 DOI: 10.1002/ar.21110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Intussusceptive angiogenesis is a morphogenetic process that forms new blood vessels by the division of a single blood vessel into two lumens. Here, we show that this process of intraluminal division participates in the inflammation-induced neovascularization associated with chemically induced murine colitis. In studies of both acute (4-7 days) and chronic (28-31 days) colitis, intravital microscopy of intravascular tracers demonstrated a twofold reduction in blood flow velocity. In the acute colitis model, the decreased velocity was associated with marked dilatation of the mucosal plexus. In contrast, chronic inflammation was associated with normal caliber vessels and duplication (and triplication) of the quasi-polygonal mucosal plexus. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of intravascular corrosion casts suggested that pillar formation and septation, previously linked to the morphogenetic process of intussusceptive angiogenesis, were present within days of the onset of inflammation. Four weeks after the onset of inflammation, SEM of vascular corrosion casts demonstrated replication of the mucosal plexus without significant evidence of sprouting angiogenesis. These data suggest that mucosal capillaries have comparable aggregate cross-sectional area in acute and chronic colitis; however, there is a significant increase in functional capillary density in chronic colitis. We conclude that intussusceptive angiogenesis is a fundamental mechanism of microvascular adaptation to prolonged inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz A Konerding
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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Lee GS, Filipovic N, Miele LF, Lin M, Simpson DC, Giney B, Konerding MA, Tsuda A, Mentzer SJ. Blood flow shapes intravascular pillar geometry in the chick chorioallantoic membrane. J Angiogenes Res 2010; 2:11. [PMID: 20609245 PMCID: PMC2911408 DOI: 10.1186/2040-2384-2-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The relative contribution of blood flow to vessel structure remains a fundamental question in biology. To define the influence of intravascular flow fields, we studied tissue islands--here defined as intravascular pillars--in the chick chorioallantoic membrane. Pillars comprised 0.02 to 0.5% of the vascular system in 2-dimensional projection and were predominantly observed at vessel bifurcations. The bifurcation angle was generally inversely related to the length of the pillar (R = -0.47, P < .001). The pillar orientation closely mirrored the axis of the dominant vessel with an average variance of 5.62 ± 6.96 degrees (p = .02). In contrast, the variance of pillar orientation relative to nondominant vessels was 36.78 ± 21.33 degrees (p > .05). 3-dimensional computational flow simulations indicated that the intravascular pillars were located in regions of low shear stress. Both wide-angle and acute-angle models mapped the pillars to regions with shear less than 1 dyn/cm2. Further, flow modeling indicated that the pillars were spatially constrained by regions of higher wall shear stress. Finally, the shear maps indicated that the development of new pillars was limited to regions of low shear stress. We conclude that mechanical forces produced by blood flow have both a limiting and permissive influence on pillar development in the chick chorioallantoic membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace S Lee
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, USA.
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20
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Tsuda A, Turhan A, Konerding M, Ravnic D, Hanidziar D, Lin M, Mentzer SJ. Bimodal oscillation frequencies of blood flow in the inflammatory colon microcirculation. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2009; 292:65-72. [PMID: 18951508 DOI: 10.1002/ar.20767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Rhythmic changes in blood flow direction have been described in the mucosal plexus of mice with acute colitis. In this report, we studied mice with acute colitis induced either by dextran sodium sulfate or by trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. Both forms of colitis were associated with blood flow oscillations as documented by fluorescence intravital videomicroscopy. The complex oscillation patterns suggested more than one mechanism for these changes in blood flow. By tracking fluorescent nanoparticles in the inflamed mucosal plexus, we identified two forms of blood flow oscillations within the inflammatory mouse colon. Stable oscillations were associated with a base frequency of approximately 2 cycles/sec. Velocity measurements in the upstream and downstream vessel segments indicated that stable oscillations were the result of regional flow occlusion within the mucosal plexus. In contrast, metastable oscillations demonstrated a lower frequency (0.2-0.4 cycles/sec) and appeared to be the result of flow dynamics in vessels linked by the bridging mucosal vessels. These blood flow oscillations were not directly associated with cardiopulmonary movement. We conclude that both the stable and metasable oscillating patterns reflect flow adaptations to inflammatory changes in the mucosal plexus. Anat Rec, 2009. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Tsuda
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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21
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Miele LF, Turhan A, Lee GS, Lin M, Ravnic D, Tsuda A, Konerding MA, Mentzer SJ. Blood flow patterns spatially associated with platelet aggregates in murine colitis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2009; 292:1143-53. [PMID: 19645018 DOI: 10.1002/ar.20954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the normal murine mucosal plexus, blood flow is generally smooth and continuous. In inflammatory conditions, such as chemically-induced murine colitis, the mucosal plexus demonstrates markedly abnormal flow patterns. The inflamed mucosal plexus is associated with widely variable blood flow velocity as well as discontinuous and even bidirectional flow. To investigate the mechanisms responsible for these blood flow patterns, we used intravital microscopic examination of blood flow within the murine mucosal plexus during dextran sodium sulphate-and trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced colitis. The blood flow patterns within the mucosal plexus demonstrated flow exclusion in 18% of the vessel segments (P < 0.01). Associated with these segmental exclusions was significant variation in neighboring flow velocities. Intravascular injection of fluorescent platelets demonstrated platelet incorporation into both fixed and rolling platelet aggregates. Rolling platelet aggregates (mean velocity 113 microm/sec; range, 14-186 microm/sec) were associated with reversible occlusions and flow variations within the mucosal plexus. Gene expression profiles of microdissected mucosal plexus demonstrated enhanced expression of genes for CCL3, CXCL1, CCL2, CXCL5, CCL7, CCL8, and Il-1b (P < 0.01), and decreased expression of CCL6 (P < 0.01). These results suggest that platelet aggregation, activated by the inflammatory mileau, contributes to the complex flow dynamics observed in acute murine colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lino F Miele
- Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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22
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Filipovic N, Tsuda A, Lee GS, Miele LF, Lin M, Konerding MA, Mentzer SJ. Computational flow dynamics in a geometric model of intussusceptive angiogenesis. Microvasc Res 2009; 78:286-93. [PMID: 19715707 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2009.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2008] [Revised: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 08/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intussusceptive angiogenesis is a process that forms new blood vessels by the intraluminal division of a single blood vessel into two lumens. Referred to as nonsprouting or intussusceptive angiogenesis, this angiogenic process has been described in morphogenesis and chronic inflammation. Mechanical forces are relevant to the structural changes associated with intussusceptive angiogenesis because of the growing evidence that physiologic forces influence gene transcription. To provide a detailed analysis of the spatial distribution of physiologic shear stresses, we developed a 3D finite element model of the intraluminal intussusceptive pillar. Based on geometries observed in adult intussusceptive angiogenesis, physiologic shear stress distribution was studied at pillar sizes ranging from 1 to 10 microm. The wall shear stress calculations demonstrated a marked spatial dependence with discrete regions of high shear stress on the intraluminal pillar and lateral vessel wall. Furthermore, the intussusceptive pillar created a "dead zone" of low wall shear stress between the pillar and vessel bifurcation apex. We conclude that the intraluminal flow fields demonstrate sufficient spatial resolution and dynamic range to participate in the regulation of intussusceptive angiogenesis.
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Pohlmann A, Tilling LC, Robinson A, Woolmer O, McCleary S, Kruidenier L, Warnock LC, Lewis HD, Hobson AR, James MF. Progression and variability of TNBS colitis-associated inflammation in rats assessed by contrast-enhanced and T2-weighted MRI. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2009; 15:534-45. [PMID: 19058230 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.20800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A common feature of preclinical models of colitis is that the time-course, magnitude, and persistence of inflammation vary considerably within the experimental animal group. Accordingly, noninvasive, serial quantification of colonic inflammation could advantageously guide dosing regimens and assess drug efficacy, thus enhancing the value of colitis models in research. This investigation using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was therefore undertaken to objectively determine inflammatory progression, variability, and response to therapy associated with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in Wistar rats. METHODS Rats underwent TNBS treatment on Day 0 and received sulfasalazine or vehicle (methylcellulose) orally, daily, from Day -1 (prophylactically) or Day 2 (therapeutically). T2-weighted and semidynamic T1-weighted contrast-enhanced MRI (CE-MRI) was repeated over 7-10 days to measure colon wall thickness and perfusion-related aspects of inflammation. Rectal bleeding, stool consistency, and disease activity were scored throughout and colon pathology determined terminally. RESULTS Principal component analysis of the CE-MRI time-series highlighted colon wall and mesenteric inflammation, which increased by 6-8x naïve values. Peristaltic artifacts were distinguished from perfusion changes using the normalized temporal standard deviation. MRI correlated strongly with terminal colon weight (mean correlation r = 0.8), well with body weight change (r = -0.7), but little with conventional clinical scores. Sulfasalazine reduced inflammation administered prophylactically and therapeutically. CONCLUSIONS Inflammation and therapeutic efficacy can be sensitively quantified noninvasively using MRI in TNBS-treated rats. This methodology provides unique and objective in vivo measures of inflammation that can guide dosing strategies, enhancing colitis research effectiveness and the assessment of potential IBD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Pohlmann
- Preclinical MRI Centre, Immuno-Inflammation Centre of Excellence in Drug Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Harlow, UK
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Turhan A, Tsuda A, Konerding MA, Lin M, Miele L, Lee G, Mentzer SJ. Effect of intraluminal pillars on particle motion in bifurcated microchannels. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2008; 44:426-33. [PMID: 18807100 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-008-9134-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A central feature of intussusceptive angiogenesis is the development of an intravascular pillar that bridges the opposing sides of the microvessel lumen. In this report, we created polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) microchannels with geometric proportions based on corrosion casts of the colon microcirculation. The structure of the PDMS microchannels was a bifurcated channel with an intraluminal pillar in the geometric center of the bifurcation. The effect of the intraluminal pillar on particle flow paths was investigated using an in vitro perfusion system. The microchannels were perfused with fluorescent particles, and the particle movements were recorded using fluorescence videomicroscopy. We found that the presence of an intravascular pillar significantly decreased particle velocity in the bifurcation system (p < 0.05). In addition, the pillar altered the trajectory of particles in the center line of the flow stream. The particle trajectory resulted in prolonged pillar contact as well as increased residence time within the bifurcation system (p < 0.001). Our results suggest that the intravascular pillar not only provides a mechanism of increasing resistance to blood flow but may also participate in spatial redistribution of cells within the flow stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslihan Turhan
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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25
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Deban L, Correale C, Vetrano S, Malesci A, Danese S. Multiple pathogenic roles of microvasculature in inflammatory bowel disease: a Jack of all trades. Am J Pathol 2008; 172:1457-66. [PMID: 18458096 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.070593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, the two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is still largely unknown. However, it is now clear that the abnormalities underlying pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation are not restricted to those mediated by classic immune cells but also involve nonimmune cells. In particular, advances in vascular biology have outlined a central and multifaceted pathogenic role for the microcirculation in the initiation and perpetuation of IBD. The microcirculation and its endothelial lining play a crucial role in mucosal immune homeostasis through tight regulation of the nature and magnitude of leukocyte migration from the intravascular to the interstitial space. Chronically inflamed IBD microvessels display significant alterations in microvascular physiology and function compared with vessels from healthy and uninvolved IBD intestine. The investigation into human IBD has demonstrated how endothelial activation present in chronically inflamed IBD microvessels results in a functional phenotype that also includes leakiness, chemokine and cytokine expression, procoagulant activity, and angiogenesis. This review contemplates the newly uncovered contribution of intestinal microcirculation to pathogenesis and maintenance of chronic intestinal inflammation. In particular, we assess the multiple roles of the microvascular endothelium in innate immunity, leukocyte recruitment, coagulation and perfusion, and immune-driven angiogenesis in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livija Deban
- Division of Gastroenterology, Istituto Clinico Humanitas-IRCCS in Gastroenterology, Viale Manzoni, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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26
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Deban L, Correale C, Vetrano S, Malesci A, Danese S. Multiple pathogenic roles of microvasculature in inflammatory bowel disease: a Jack of all trades. Am J Pathol 2008. [PMID: 18458096 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2008070593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, the two major forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), is still largely unknown. However, it is now clear that the abnormalities underlying pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation are not restricted to those mediated by classic immune cells but also involve nonimmune cells. In particular, advances in vascular biology have outlined a central and multifaceted pathogenic role for the microcirculation in the initiation and perpetuation of IBD. The microcirculation and its endothelial lining play a crucial role in mucosal immune homeostasis through tight regulation of the nature and magnitude of leukocyte migration from the intravascular to the interstitial space. Chronically inflamed IBD microvessels display significant alterations in microvascular physiology and function compared with vessels from healthy and uninvolved IBD intestine. The investigation into human IBD has demonstrated how endothelial activation present in chronically inflamed IBD microvessels results in a functional phenotype that also includes leakiness, chemokine and cytokine expression, procoagulant activity, and angiogenesis. This review contemplates the newly uncovered contribution of intestinal microcirculation to pathogenesis and maintenance of chronic intestinal inflammation. In particular, we assess the multiple roles of the microvascular endothelium in innate immunity, leukocyte recruitment, coagulation and perfusion, and immune-driven angiogenesis in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livija Deban
- Division of Gastroenterology, Istituto Clinico Humanitas-IRCCS in Gastroenterology, Viale Manzoni, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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Turhan A, Konerding MA, Tsuda A, Ravnic DJ, Hanidziar D, Lin M, Mentzer SJ. Bridging mucosal vessels associated with rhythmically oscillating blood flow in murine colitis. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2008; 291:74-82. [PMID: 18085623 DOI: 10.1002/ar.20628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oscillatory blood flow in the microcirculation is generally considered to be the result of cardiopulmonary influences or active vasomotion. In this report, we describe rhythmically oscillating blood flow in the bridging vessels of the mouse colon that appeared to be independent of known biological control mechanisms. Corrosion casting and scanning electron microscopy of the mouse colon demonstrated highly branched bridging vessels that connected the submucosal vessels with the mucosal plexus. Because of similar morphometric characteristics (19 +/- 11 microm vs. 28 +/- 16 microm), bridging arterioles and venules were distinguished by tracking fluorescent nanoparticles through the microcirculation using intravital fluorescence videomicroscopy. In control mice, the blood flow through the bridging vessels was typically continuous and unidirectional. In contrast, two models of chemically induced inflammation (trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid and dextran sodium sulfate) were associated with a twofold reduction in flow velocity and the prominence of rhythmically oscillating blood flow. The blood oscillation was characterized by tracking the bidirectional displacement of fluorescent nanoparticles. Space-time plots and particle tracking of the oscillating segments demonstrated an oscillation frequency between 0.2 and 5.1 cycles per second. Discrete Fourier transforms demonstrated a power spectrum composed of several base frequencies. These observations suggest that inflammation-inducible changes in blood flow patterns in the murine colon resulted in both reduced blood flow velocity and rhythmic oscillations within the bridging vessels of the mouse colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslihan Turhan
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Ito T, Ohi S, Tachibana T, Takahara M, Hirabayashi T, Ishikawa H, Kusakabe M, Hashimoto H. Development of the mucosal vascular system in the distal colon of the fetal mouse. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2007; 291:65-73. [PMID: 18085622 DOI: 10.1002/ar.20621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The formation of the crypt in the distal colon of the mouse was investigated in association with the development of vascular networks. For histological observation, 1-microm cross-sections were made from the distal colon of fetal mice in 13 to 18 days of gestation. Three-dimensional distributions of vascular networks in the organ were observed after perfusing fetuses with rhodamine isothiocyanate-labeled gelatin and immunostaining for laminin to examine the boundary between the epithelium and the mesenchyme. At 13 days of gestation, the distal colon and its epithelium formed a cylindrical tube and a loose primary plexus of vessels was built in the mesenchyme. In the distal colon of 15 days of gestation, the caudal portion began to form the crypt and the vascular plexus built up from a few layers was situated apart from the boundary between the epithelium and the mesenchyme. As the development proceeded, the formation of the crypt occurred in the caudorostral direction. The developing crypt advanced into the vascular plexus, so that a few vessels situated in the mesenchyme between crypts. As the crypt elongated, these vessels formed a small plexus situated perpendicular to the primary plexus, while the primary plexus became monolayered and loosened. The new plexus was composed of ascending vessels and traversing ones, but the regular honeycomb-like plexuses around openings of crypts have not established yet even in 18 days of gestation. The vascular system as well as the crypt in the distal colon will take further a few postnatal weeks to be completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayasu Ito
- Department of Anatomy, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Petersson J, Schreiber O, Steege A, Patzak A, Hellsten A, Phillipson M, Holm L. eNOS involved in colitis-induced mucosal blood flow increase. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2007; 293:G1281-7. [PMID: 17947450 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00357.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The role of NO in inflammatory bowel disease is controversial. Studies indicate that endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) might be involved in protecting the mucosa against colonic inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in regulating colonic mucosal blood flow in two different colitis models in rats. In anesthetized control and colitic rats, the distal colon was exteriorized and the mucosa visualized. Blood flow (laser-Doppler flowmetry) and arterial blood pressure were continuously monitored throughout the experiments, and vascular resistance was calculated. Trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) or dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) was used to induce colitis. All groups were given the NOS inhibitor N(omega)-nitro-l-arginine (l-NNA) or the inducible NOS (iNOS) inhibitor l-N(6)-(1-iminoethyl)-lysine (l-NIL). iNOS, eNOS, and neuronal NOS (nNOS) mRNA in colonic samples were investigated with real-time RT-PCR. Before NOS inhibition, colonic mucosal blood flow, expressed as perfusion units, was higher in both colitis models compared with the controls. The blood flow was reduced in the TNBS- and DSS-treated rats during l-NNA administration but was not altered in the control group. Vascular resistance increased more in the TNBS- and DSS-treated rats than in the control rats, indicating a higher level of vasodilating NO in the colitis models. l-NIL did not alter blood pressure or blood flow in any of the groups. iNOS and eNOS mRNA increased in both colitis models, whereas nNOS remained at the control level. TNBS- and DSS-induced colitis results in increased colonic mucosal blood flow, most probably due to increased eNOS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Petersson
- Dept. of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala Univ., S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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30
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Ravnic DJ, Konerding MA, Huss HT, Wolloscheck T, Pratt JP, Mentzer SJ. Murine microvideo endoscopy of the colonic microcirculation. J Surg Res 2007; 142:97-103. [PMID: 17612562 PMCID: PMC1986667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2006.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2006] [Revised: 10/10/2006] [Accepted: 12/03/2006] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural orifice endoscopy in small animal models has been limited in the past by instrument size and optical performance. In this report, we investigate the feasibility of using a recently developed microvideo endoscopy system to evaluate the colon microcirculation. Using a murine model of acute colitis, microvideo endoscopy was useful in mapping the topography of inflammation as well as identifying relevant structures in the microcirculation. We conclude that natural orifice endoscopy is a useful method for the minimally invasive longitudinal assessment of the colonic mucosal microcirculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dino J. Ravnic
- Department of Surgery, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston MA
| | | | - Harold T. Huss
- Department of Surgery, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston MA
| | - Tanja Wolloscheck
- Department of Anatomy, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Juan P. Pratt
- Department of Surgery, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston MA
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