1
|
Zhao Y, Zhao J, Ma H, Han Y, Xu W, Wang J, Cai Y, Jia X, Jia Q, Yang Q. High Hepcidin Levels Promote Abnormal Iron Metabolism and Ferroptosis in Chronic Atrophic Gastritis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2338. [PMID: 37760781 PMCID: PMC10525531 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is a chronic inflammatory disease and premalignant lesion of gastric cancer. As an antimicrobial peptide, hepcidin can maintain iron metabolic balance and is susceptible to inflammation. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to clarify whether hepcidin is involved in abnormal iron metabolism and ferroptosis during CAG pathogenesis. METHODS Non-atrophic gastritis (NAG) and chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) patient pathology slides were collected, and related protein expression was detected by immunohistochemical staining. The CAG rat model was established using MNNG combined with an irregular diet. RESULTS CAG patients and rats exhibited iron deposition in gastric tissue. CAG-induced ferroptosis in the stomach was characterized by decreased GPX4 and FTH levels and increased 4-HNE levels. Hepcidin, which is mainly located in parietal cells, was elevated in CAG gastric tissue. The high gastric level of hepcidin inhibited iron absorption in the duodenum by decreasing the protein expression of DMT1 and FPN1. In addition, the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway induced hepcidin production in gastric tissue. CONCLUSION Our results showed that the high level of gastric hepcidin induced ferroptosis in the stomach but also inhibited iron absorption in the intestines. Inhibiting hepcidin might be a new strategy for the prevention of CAG in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yashuo Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050013, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050013, China
- Hebei Technology Innovation Center of TCM Combined Hydrogen Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Jianing Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050013, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050013, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050013, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050013, China
| | - Yan Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050013, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050013, China
| | - Weichao Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050013, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050013, China
| | - Jie Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050013, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050013, China
| | - Yanru Cai
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050013, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050013, China
| | - Xuemei Jia
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050013, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050013, China
| | - Qingzhong Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Qian Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050013, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hebei Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050013, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stair MI, Winn CB, Burns MA, Holcombe H, Artim SC, Ge Z, Shen Z, Wang TC, Muthupalani S, Franco-Mahecho O, Ennis K, Georgieff MK, Fox JG. Effects of chronic Helicobacter pylori strain PMSS1 infection on whole brain and gastric iron homeostasis in male INS-GAS mice. Microbes Infect 2023; 25:105045. [PMID: 36162750 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2022.105045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Iron deficiency, the most common micronutrient deficiency in humans, is associated with long-term deficits in cognition and memory if left untreated. Infection with the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori has been linked to iron deficiency anemia (IDA). The H. pylori virulence factor cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA) is proposed to be especially pertinent in iron deficiency. Male INS-GAS/FVB mice were infected with the CagA+ strain pre-murine Sydney strain 1 (PMSS1) for 12-13 or 27-29 weeks to investigate the role of chronic H. pylori infection in iron deficiency and neurological sequelae. Mice at both timepoints demonstrated significantly elevated gastric histopathology scores and inflammatory cytokines compared to sham-dosed controls. However, only mice at 27-29 weeks post infection had changes in hematological parameters, with significantly decreased erythrocyte count, hematocrit, serum hemoglobin, and increased serum total iron binding capacity. Gastric transcription of iron-regulatory genes Hamp and Bmp4 were significantly downregulated at both timepoints. In the brain, iron-dependent myelingergic and synaptic markers were significantly downregulated at 27-29 weeks. These results indicated that long-term infection of the CagA + PMSS1 strain of H. pylori in this study caused anemia, altered gastric iron homeostasis, and neurological changes similar to those reported in other rodent H. pylori CagA- strain infection models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa I Stair
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States; Animal Resource Program, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Caroline Bodi Winn
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States; Department of Comparative Medicine, Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Monika A Burns
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States; Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Hilda Holcombe
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Stephen C Artim
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States; Merck Research Laboratories, Merck, South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Zhongming Ge
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Zeli Shen
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Timothy C Wang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sureshkumar Muthupalani
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Olga Franco-Mahecho
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Kathleen Ennis
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Michael K Georgieff
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - James G Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Daou Y, Falabrègue M, Pourzand C, Peyssonnaux C, Edeas M. Host and microbiota derived extracellular vesicles: Crucial players in iron homeostasis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:985141. [PMID: 36314015 PMCID: PMC9606470 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.985141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is a double-edged sword. It is vital for all that’s living, yet its deficiency or overload can be fatal. In humans, iron homeostasis is tightly regulated at both cellular and systemic levels. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), now known as major players in cellular communication, potentially play an important role in regulating iron metabolism. The gut microbiota was also recently reported to impact the iron metabolism process and indirectly participate in regulating iron homeostasis, yet there is no proof of whether or not microbiota-derived EVs interfere in this relationship. In this review, we discuss the implication of EVs on iron metabolism and homeostasis. We elaborate on the blooming role of gut microbiota in iron homeostasis while focusing on the possible EVs contribution. We conclude that EVs are extensively involved in the complex iron metabolism process; they carry ferritin and express transferrin receptors. Bone marrow-derived EVs even induce hepcidin expression in β-thalassemia. The gut microbiota, in turn, affects iron homeostasis on the level of iron absorption and possibly macrophage iron recycling, with still no proof of the interference of EVs. This review is the first step toward understanding the multiplex iron metabolism process. Targeting extracellular vesicles and gut microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles will be a huge challenge to treat many diseases related to iron metabolism alteration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen Daou
- International Society of Microbiota, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marion Falabrègue
- INSERM, CNRS, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Charareh Pourzand
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom,Medicines Development, Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Carole Peyssonnaux
- INSERM, CNRS, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Marvin Edeas
- INSERM, CNRS, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, Paris, France,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France,*Correspondence: Marvin Edeas,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Roth-Walter F. Iron-Deficiency in Atopic Diseases: Innate Immune Priming by Allergens and Siderophores. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:859922. [PMID: 35769558 PMCID: PMC9234869 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.859922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although iron is one of the most abundant elements on earth, about a third of the world's population are affected by iron deficiency. Main drivers of iron deficiency are beside the chronic lack of dietary iron, a hampered uptake machinery as a result of immune activation. Macrophages are the principal cells distributing iron in the human body with their iron restriction skewing these cells to a more pro-inflammatory state. Consequently, iron deficiency has a pronounced impact on immune cells, favoring Th2-cell survival, immunoglobulin class switching and primes mast cells for degranulation. Iron deficiency during pregnancy increases the risk of atopic diseases in children, while both children and adults with allergy are more likely to have anemia. In contrast, an improved iron status seems to protect against allergy development. Here, the most important interconnections between iron metabolism and allergies, the effect of iron deprivation on distinct immune cell types, as well as the pathophysiology in atopic diseases are summarized. Although the main focus will be humans, we also compare them with innate defense and iron sequestration strategies of microbes, given, particularly, attention to catechol-siderophores. Similarly, the defense and nutritional strategies in plants with their inducible systemic acquired resistance by salicylic acid, which further leads to synthesis of flavonoids as well as pathogenesis-related proteins, will be elaborated as both are very important for understanding the etiology of allergic diseases. Many allergens, such as lipocalins and the pathogenesis-related proteins, are able to bind iron and either deprive or supply iron to immune cells. Thus, a locally induced iron deficiency will result in immune activation and allergic sensitization. However, the same proteins such as the whey protein beta-lactoglobulin can also transport this precious micronutrient to the host immune cells (holoBLG) and hinder their activation, promoting tolerance and protecting against allergy. Since 2019, several clinical trials have also been conducted in allergic subjects using holoBLG as a food for special medical purposes, leading to a reduction in the allergic symptom burden. Supplementation with nutrient-carrying lipocalin proteins can circumvent the mucosal block and nourish selectively immune cells, therefore representing a new dietary and causative approach to compensate for functional iron deficiency in allergy sufferers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Roth-Walter
- Comparative Medicine, The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Franziska Roth-Walter ;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Therapeutic peptides: current applications and future directions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:48. [PMID: 35165272 PMCID: PMC8844085 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00904-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 423] [Impact Index Per Article: 211.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide drug development has made great progress in the last decade thanks to new production, modification, and analytic technologies. Peptides have been produced and modified using both chemical and biological methods, together with novel design and delivery strategies, which have helped to overcome the inherent drawbacks of peptides and have allowed the continued advancement of this field. A wide variety of natural and modified peptides have been obtained and studied, covering multiple therapeutic areas. This review summarizes the efforts and achievements in peptide drug discovery, production, and modification, and their current applications. We also discuss the value and challenges associated with future developments in therapeutic peptides.
Collapse
|
6
|
Hamada Y, Hirano E, Sugimoto K, Hanada K, Kaku T, Manda N, Tsuchida K. A farewell to phlebotomy-use of placenta-derived drugs Laennec and Porcine for improving hereditary hemochromatosis without phlebotomy: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2022; 16:26. [PMID: 35065677 PMCID: PMC8784004 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-021-03230-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human hepcidin, produced by hepatocytes, regulates intestinal iron absorption, iron recycling by macrophages, and iron release from hepatic storage. Recent studies indicate that hepcidin deficiency is the underlying cause of the most known form of hereditary hemochromatosis. CASE PRESENTATION A 44-year-old Asian man who developed type 2 diabetes mellitus had elevated serum ferritin levels (10,191 ng/mL). Liver biopsy revealed remarkable iron deposition in the hepatocytes and relatively advanced fibrosis (F3). Chromosomal analysis confirmed the presence of transferrin receptor type 2 mutations (c.1100T>G, c.2008_9delAC, hereditary hemochromatosis type 3 analyzed by Kawabata). The patient received intravenous infusions of Laennec (672 mg/day, three times/week) or oral administration with Porcine (3.87 g/day) for 84 months as an alternative to repeated phlebotomy. At the end of the treatment period, serum ferritin level decreased to 428.4 ng/mL (below the baseline level of 536.8 ng/mL). Hemoglobin A1c levels also improved after treatment with the same or lower dose of insulin (8.8% before versus 6.8% after). Plural liver biopsies revealed remarkable improvements in the grade of iron deposition and fibrosis (F3 before versus F1 after) of the liver tissue. CONCLUSION The discovery of hepcidin and its role in iron metabolism could lead to novel therapies for hereditary hemochromatosis. Laennec (parenteral) and Porcine (oral), which act as hepcidin inducers, actually improved iron overload in this hereditary hemochromatosis patient, without utilizing sequential phlebotomy. This suggests the possibility of not only improving the prognosis of hereditary hemochromatosis (types 1, 2, and 3) but also ameliorating complications, such as type 2 diabetes, liver fibrosis, and hypogonadism. Laennec and Porcine can completely replace continuous venesection in patients with venesection and may improve other iron-overloading disorders caused by hepcidin deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hamada
- Hamada Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Eiichi Hirano
- Research Institute, Japan Bio Products Co., Ltd., 1-1 Kurume Research Center bldg. 2F, Hyakunenkoen, Kurume, Fukuoka 839-0864 Japan
| | - Koji Sugimoto
- Research Institute, Japan Bio Products Co., Ltd., 1-1 Kurume Research Center bldg. 2F, Hyakunenkoen, Kurume, Fukuoka 839-0864 Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Daher R, Ducrot N, Lefebvre T, Zineeddine S, Ausseil J, Puy H, Karim Z. Crosstalk between Acidosis and Iron Metabolism: Data from In Vivo Studies. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020089. [PMID: 35208164 PMCID: PMC8874512 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron absorption requires an acidic environment that is generated by the activity of the proton pump gastric H(+)/K(+)ATPase (ATP4), expressed in gastric parietal cells. However, hepcidin, the iron regulatory peptide that inhibits iron absorption, unexpectedly upregulates ATP4 and increases gastric acidity. Thus, a concept of link between acidosis and alterations in iron metabolism, needs to be explored. We investigated this aspect in-vivo using experimental models of NH4Cl-induced acidosis and of an iron-rich diet. Under acidosis, gastric ATP4 was augmented. Serum hepcidin was induced and its mRNA level was increased in the liver but not in the stomach, a tissue where hepcidin is also expressed. mRNA and protein levels of intestinal DMT1(Divalent Metal Transporter 1) and ferroportin were downregulated. Serum iron level and transferrin saturation remained unchanged, but serum ferritin was significantly increased. Under iron-rich diet, the protein expression of ATP4A was increased and serum, hepatic and gastric hepcidin were all induced. Taken together, these results provide evidence of in-vivo relationship between iron metabolism and acidosis. For clinical importance, we speculate that metabolic acidosis may contribute in part to the pathologic elevation of serum hepcidin levels seen in patients with chronic kidney disease. The regulation of ATP4 by iron metabolism may also be of interest for patients with hemochromatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raêd Daher
- Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation (CRI), Université de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, F-75018 Paris, France; (R.D.); (N.D.); (T.L.); (S.Z.); (H.P.)
| | - Nicolas Ducrot
- Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation (CRI), Université de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, F-75018 Paris, France; (R.D.); (N.D.); (T.L.); (S.Z.); (H.P.)
| | - Thibaud Lefebvre
- Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation (CRI), Université de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, F-75018 Paris, France; (R.D.); (N.D.); (T.L.); (S.Z.); (H.P.)
- Centre Français des Porphyries, Hôpital Louis Mourier, APHP, Nord-Université de Paris, F-75014 Colombes, France
| | - Sofia Zineeddine
- Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation (CRI), Université de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, F-75018 Paris, France; (R.D.); (N.D.); (T.L.); (S.Z.); (H.P.)
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, F-31024 Toulouse, France;
| | - Jérome Ausseil
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, F-31024 Toulouse, France;
| | - Hervé Puy
- Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation (CRI), Université de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, F-75018 Paris, France; (R.D.); (N.D.); (T.L.); (S.Z.); (H.P.)
- Centre Français des Porphyries, Hôpital Louis Mourier, APHP, Nord-Université de Paris, F-75014 Colombes, France
| | - Zoubida Karim
- Centre de Recherche sur l’Inflammation (CRI), Université de Paris, INSERM, CNRS, F-75018 Paris, France; (R.D.); (N.D.); (T.L.); (S.Z.); (H.P.)
- Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), Université de Toulouse, INSERM, CNRS, F-31024 Toulouse, France;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tomasević R, Gluvić Z, Mijač D, Sokić-Milutinović A, Lukić S, Milosavljević T. Anemia as a Problem: GEH Approach. Dig Dis 2022; 40:133-141. [PMID: 33866318 DOI: 10.1159/000516480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anemia is present in almost 5% of adults worldwide and accompanies clinical findings in many diseases. Diseases of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and liver are a common cause of anemia, so patients with anemia are often referred to a gastroenterologist. SUMMARY Anemia could be caused by various factors such as chronic bleeding, malabsorption, or chronic inflammation. In clinical practice, iron deficiency anemia and the combined forms of anemia due to different pathophysiological mechanisms are most common. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy, colonoscopy, and the small intestine examinations in specific situations play a crucial role in diagnosing anemia. In anemic, GI asymptomatic patients, there are recommendations for bidirectional endoscopy. Although GI malignancies are the most common cause of chronic bleeding, all conditions leading to blood loss, malabsorption, and chronic inflammation should be considered. From a gastroenterologist's perspective, the clinical spectrum of anemia is vast because many different digestive tract diseases lead to bleeding. Key Messages: The gastroenterological approach in solving anemia's problem requires an optimal strategy, consideration of the accompanying clinical signs, and the fastest possible diagnosis. Although patients with symptoms of anemia are often referred to gastroenterologists, the diagnostic approach requires further improvement in everyday clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ratko Tomasević
- University Clinical-Hospital Centre Zemun-Belgrade, Clinic of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Gluvić
- University Clinical-Hospital Centre Zemun-Belgrade, Clinic of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragana Mijač
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Sokić-Milutinović
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snežana Lukić
- Clinic for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim J, Chun S, Ohk SO, Kim S, Kim J, Lee S, Kim H, Kim S. Amelioration of alcohol‑induced gastric mucosa damage by oral administration of food‑polydeoxyribonucleotides. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:790. [PMID: 34505634 PMCID: PMC8441963 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastritis refers to inflammation caused by injury to the gastric epithelium, which is usually due to excessive alcohol consumption and prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Millions of individuals worldwide suffer from this disease. However, the lack of safe and promising treatments makes it urgent to explore and develop leads from natural resources. Therefore, food as medicine may be the best approach for the treatment of these disorders. The present study described the protective effects of food-polydeoxyribonucleotides (f-PDRNs) in a rat model of gastric mucosal injury induced by HCl-EtOH. Administration of f-PDRN was performed with low-PRF002 (26 mg/kg/day), medium-PRF002 (52 mg/kg/day) and high-PRF002 (78 mg/kg/day) on the day of autopsy. The site of damage to the mucous membrane was also analysed. In addition, an increase in gastric juice pH, total acidity of gastric juice and decrease in gastric juice secretion were confirmed, and gastric juice secretion-related factors corresponding to the administration of f-PDRN were analysed. Administration of f-PDRN reduced the mRNA expression of histamine H2 receptor, muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M3, cholecystokinin 2 receptor and H+/K+ ATPase related to gastric acid secretion and downregulation of histamine, myeloperoxidase and cyclic adenosine monophosphate. In addition, it was histologically confirmed that the loss of epithelial cells and the distortion of the mucosa were recovered in the group in which f-PDRN was administered compared to the model group with gastric mucosa damage. In summary, the present study suggested that f-PDRN has therapeutic potential and may have beneficial effects if taken regularly as a food supplement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonghwan Kim
- Technology Innovation Team, C&D Center, Pharma Research, Seongnam, Gyeonggi‑do 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Chun
- DNA Team, R&D Center, Pharma Research, Seongnam, Gyeonggi‑do 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Ong Ohk
- DNA Team, R&D Center, Pharma Research, Seongnam, Gyeonggi‑do 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Kim
- DNA Team, R&D Center, Pharma Research, Seongnam, Gyeonggi‑do 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Juwan Kim
- Pharmaceutical Formulation Team, R&D Center, Pharma Research, Seongnam, Gyeonggi‑do 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungoh Lee
- Research Strategy Team, C&D Center, Pharma Research, Seongnam, Gyeonggi‑do 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Hangyu Kim
- DNA Team, R&D Center, Pharma Research, Seongnam, Gyeonggi‑do 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujong Kim
- Research Strategy Team, C&D Center, Pharma Research, Seongnam, Gyeonggi‑do 13486, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chande S, Dijk F, Fetene J, Yannicelli S, Carpenter TO, van Helvoort A, Bergwitz C. Phosphorus bioaccessibility measured in four amino acid-based formulas using in-vitro batch digestion translates well into phosphorus bioavailability in mice. Nutrition 2021; 89:111291. [PMID: 34111672 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to quantify the bioaccessibility of phosphorus from amino acid-based formulas (AAFs) under different digestive conditions. METHODS We developed in-vitro batch digestion models with stomach digestion at different pH mimicking the normal digestive condition and conditions representing use of acid-suppressive medication. To validate bioaccessibility findings, we devised a low phosphorus murine model to test phosphorus bioavailability under compromised digestive conditions using proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) to neutralize stomach pH. RESULTS In vitro phosphorus bioaccessibility of AAFs Neocate® Infant and Neocate Junior ranged between 57% and 65% under normal digestive conditions for infants (stomach pH 3.5) and between 38% and 46% under conditions that simulated bypass of stomach acidification, which is comparable to control diet and two EleCare® AAFs. In vivo bioavailability analysis showed that both Neocate formulas were able to normalize plasma phosphorus levels when administered to low phosphorus mice along with PPIs (control diet + PPI 8 ± 0.4; Neocate Infant 10.1 ± 0.9; Neocate Junior 9.2 ± 0.6; EleCare Infant 8.6 ± 0.4; EleCare Junior 8.7 ± 0.5; n = 8-10; P < 0.0001 versus baseline 3.4 ± 0.2 mg/dL). In comparison, plasma phosphorus levels remained lower on the low phosphorus diet (5.7 ± 0.2 mg/dL). Furthermore, urinary phosphorus/creatinine and intact fibroblast growth factor 23 were significantly lowered by low phosphorus diet. In contrast, intact parathyroid hormone and 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D decreased and increased, respectively, and these parameters likewise normalized in mice administered AAFs. CONCLUSION The present findings indicated that phosphorus bioaccessibility in the in-vitro batch digestion model translates well into phosphorus bioavailability in mice even under compromised digestive conditions that bypass gastric acidification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sampada Chande
- Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Jonathan Fetene
- Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Thomas O Carpenter
- Yale University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ardy van Helvoort
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands; School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens Bergwitz
- Yale University School of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Effect of hepcidin antagonists on anemia during inflammatory disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 226:107877. [PMID: 33895185 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for the mammalian body however, its homeostasis must be regulated accurately for appropriate physiological functioning. Alterations in physiological iron levels can lead to moderate to severe iron disorders like chronic and acute iron deficiency (anemia) or iron overload. Hepcidin plays an important role in regulating homeostasis between circulating iron and stored iron in the cells as well as the absorption of dietary iron in the intestine. Inflammatory disorders restrict iron absorption from food due to increased circulating levels of hepcidin. Increased production of hepcidin causes ubiquitination of ferroportin (FPN) leading to its degradation, thereby retaining iron in the spleen, duodenal enterocytes, macrophages, and hepatocytes. Hepcidin inhibitors and antagonists play a consequential role to ameliorate inflammation-associated anemia. Many natural and synthesized compounds, able to reduce hepcidin expression during inflammation have been identified in recent years. Few of which are currently at various phases of clinical trial. This article comprises a comprehensive review of therapeutic approaches for the efficient treatment of anemia associated with inflammation. Many strategies have been developed targeting the hepcidin-FPN axis to rectify iron disorders. Hepcidin modulation with siRNAs, antibodies, chemical compounds, and plant extracts provides new insights for developing advanced therapeutics for iron-related disorders. Hepcidin antagonist's treatment has a high potential to improve iron status in patients with iron disorders, but their clinical success needs further recognition along with the identification and application of new therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
|
12
|
Rajamanickam K, Leela V, Suganya G, Basha SH, Parthiban M, Pazhanivel N, Mangala Gowri A. Expression of iron regulatory proteins in full-term swine placenta. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55:931-942. [PMID: 32449967 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In swine, even though the pregnant sows were with iron abundance, the inborn iron reserve of piglets was compromised. This indicates the insufficiency of molecular machinery involved in local placental iron flux. Here, we investigated the expression of iron regulatory proteins like hepcidin and ferroportin and also their association with iron reserve, inflammation and oxidative stress in placenta of full-term pregnant sows (n = 6). Amplification and sequencing of placental DNA confirmed the presence of hepcidin (MN579557) and ferroportin (MN565887) sequences and their 100% identity with existing GenBank data. Real-time amplification of placental mRNA revealed significant higher expression of hepcidin (p < .05) than ferroportin. Western blot analysis of placental tissues revealed specific bands for both hepcidin (~8 kDa) and ferroportin (~62 kDa) molecules. Immunohistochemistry revealed the immunoreactivity for both proteins in the cytoplasm and membrane of trophoblastic cells of the placenta. Hepcidin and ferroportin expressions were positively associated with placental non-haem iron reserve (p < .0001; p = .033), lipid peroxidation (p = .0060; p < .0001) and reactive oxygen species level (p = .0092; p = .0292). Hepcidin expression was positively associated with interleukin - 6 (p = .0002) and interferon gamma (p < .0001) expressions but ferroportin expression was negatively associated with interleukin-6 (p = .0005), interleukin-1β (p = .0226) and interferon gamma (p = .0059) expressions. This indicates hepcidin and ferroportin may have a role in controlling the local placental iron flux by acting as a molecular bridge between iron trafficking and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kandasamy Rajamanickam
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Venkatasubramanian Leela
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Gopalakrishnan Suganya
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Sabiha Hayath Basha
- Centre for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Manoharan Parthiban
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Natesan Pazhanivel
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| | - Angappan Mangala Gowri
- Centre for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Madras Veterinary College, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Gastric acid secretion (i) facilitates digestion of protein as well as absorption of micronutrients and certain medications, (ii) kills ingested microorganisms, including Helicobacter pylori, and (iii) prevents bacterial overgrowth and enteric infection. The principal regulators of acid secretion are the gastric peptides gastrin and somatostatin. Gastrin, the major hormonal stimulant for acid secretion, is synthesized in pyloric mucosal G cells as a 101-amino acid precursor (preprogastrin) that is processed to yield biologically active amidated gastrin-17 and gastrin-34. The C-terminal active site of gastrin (Trp-Met-Asp-Phe-NH2 ) binds to gastrin/CCK2 receptors on parietal and, more importantly, histamine-containing enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells, located in oxyntic mucosa, to induce acid secretion. Histamine diffuses to the neighboring parietal cells where it binds to histamine H2 -receptors coupled to hydrochloric acid secretion. Gastrin is also a trophic hormone that maintains the integrity of gastric mucosa, induces proliferation of parietal and ECL cells, and is thought to play a role in carcinogenesis. Somatostatin, present in D cells of the gastric pyloric and oxyntic mucosa, is the main inhibitor of acid secretion, particularly during the interdigestive period. Somatostatin exerts a tonic paracrine restraint on gastrin secretion from G cells, histamine secretion from ECL cells, and acid secretion from parietal cells. Removal of this restraint, for example by activation of cholinergic neurons during ingestion of food, initiates and maximizes acid secretion. Knowledge regarding the structure and function of gastrin, somatostatin, and their respective receptors is providing novel avenues to better diagnose and manage acid-peptic disorders and certain cancers. Published 2020. Compr Physiol 10:197-228, 2020.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell L Schubert
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, Virginia, USA.,Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jens F Rehfeld
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hawula ZJ, Wallace DF, Subramaniam VN, Rishi G. Therapeutic Advances in Regulating the Hepcidin/Ferroportin Axis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12040170. [PMID: 31775259 PMCID: PMC6958404 DOI: 10.3390/ph12040170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between hepcidin and ferroportin is the key mechanism involved in regulation of systemic iron homeostasis. This axis can be affected by multiple stimuli including plasma iron levels, inflammation and erythropoietic demand. Genetic defects or prolonged inflammatory stimuli results in dysregulation of this axis, which can lead to several disorders including hereditary hemochromatosis and anaemia of chronic disease. An imbalance in iron homeostasis is increasingly being associated with worse disease outcomes in many clinical conditions including multiple cancers and neurological disorders. Currently, there are limited treatment options for regulating iron levels in patients and thus significant efforts are being made to uncover approaches to regulate hepcidin and ferroportin expression. These approaches either target these molecules directly or regulatory steps which mediate hepcidin or ferroportin expression. This review examines the current status of hepcidin and ferroportin agonists and antagonists, as well as inducers and inhibitors of these proteins and their regulatory pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Hawula
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia; (Z.J.H.); (D.F.W.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - Daniel F. Wallace
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia; (Z.J.H.); (D.F.W.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia
| | - V. Nathan Subramaniam
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia; (Z.J.H.); (D.F.W.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia
- Correspondence: (V.N.S.); (G.R.)
| | - Gautam Rishi
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia; (Z.J.H.); (D.F.W.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia
- Correspondence: (V.N.S.); (G.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Daher R, Lefebvre T, Puy H, Karim Z. Extrahepatic hepcidin production: The intriguing outcomes of recent years. World J Clin Cases 2019; 7:1926-1936. [PMID: 31423425 PMCID: PMC6695539 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i15.1926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepcidin is the hyposideremic hormone regulating iron metabolism. It is a defensin-like disulfide-bonded peptide with antimicrobial activity. The main site of hepcidin production is the liver where its synthesis is modulated by iron, inflammation and erythropoietic signaling. However, hepcidin locally produced in several peripheral organs seems to be an important actor for the maintenance of iron homeostasis in these organs. This review highlights the presence of peripheral hepcidin and its potential functions. Understanding the role of extrahepatic hepcidin could be of great physiological and therapeutic importance for several specific pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raêd Daher
- Université Paris Diderot, Bichat site, Paris 75018, France
- Inflammation Research Center (CRI), INSERM U1149/ERL CNRS 8252, Paris 75018, France
- Laboratory of Excellence, GR-Ex, Paris 75018, France
| | - Thibaud Lefebvre
- Université Paris Diderot, Bichat site, Paris 75018, France
- Inflammation Research Center (CRI), INSERM U1149/ERL CNRS 8252, Paris 75018, France
- Laboratory of Excellence, GR-Ex, Paris 75018, France
| | - Hervé Puy
- Université Paris Diderot, Bichat site, Paris 75018, France
- Inflammation Research Center (CRI), INSERM U1149/ERL CNRS 8252, Paris 75018, France
- Laboratory of Excellence, GR-Ex, Paris 75018, France
| | - Zoubida Karim
- Université Paris Diderot, Bichat site, Paris 75018, France
- Inflammation Research Center (CRI), INSERM U1149/ERL CNRS 8252, Paris 75018, France
- Laboratory of Excellence, GR-Ex, Paris 75018, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Elli L, Norsa L, Zullo A, Carroccio A, Girelli C, Oliva S, Romano C, Leandro G, Bellini M, Marmo R, Soncini M, Monica F, De Francesco V, Paulon E, Cappellini MD, Motta I, Ferretti F, Orlando S, Mansueto P, Buscarini E, Manfredi G, Agostoni C, Tomba C, Cannizzaro R. Diagnosis of chronic anaemia in gastrointestinal disorders: A guideline by the Italian Association of Hospital Gastroenterologists and Endoscopists (AIGO) and the Italian Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (SIGENP). Dig Liver Dis 2019; 51:471-483. [PMID: 30850345 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Anaemia is a common pathologic condition, present in almost 5% of the adult population. Iron deficiency is the most common cause; other mechanisms can be involved, making anaemia a multi-factorial disorder in most cases. Anaemia being a frequent manifestation in the diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, patients are often referred to gastroenterologists. Furthermore, upper and lower endoscopy and enteroscopy are pivotal to the diagnostic roadmap of anaemia. In spite of its relevance in the daily clinical practice, there is a limited number of gastroenterological guidelines dedicated to the diagnosis of anaemia. For this reason, the Italian Association of Hospital Gastroenterologists and Endoscopists and the Italian Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition commissioned a panel of experts to prepare a specific guideline on anaemia and its diagnostic roadmap in the gastroenterological scenario. The panel also discussed about the potential involvement of gastroenterologists and endoscopists in the management of patients with anaemia, with particular attention to the correct use of investigations. The panel paid particular attention to practical issues with the aim to support gastroenterologists in their clinical practice when dealing with patients with anaemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Elli
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Division/Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Coeliac Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano.
| | - Lorenzo Norsa
- Division of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplantation, ASST "Pope Giovanni XXIII", Bergamo
| | - Angelo Zullo
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, "Nuovo Regina Margherita" Hospital, Rome
| | - Antonio Carroccio
- Internal Medicine, "Giovanni Paolo II" Hospital, Sciacca; Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine - DiBiMIS, University of Palermo, Palermo
| | - Carlo Girelli
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Hospital of Busto Arsizio, Busto Arsizio
| | - Salvatore Oliva
- Paediatric Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, University "La Sapienza" of Rome, Roma
| | - Claudio Romano
- Paediatric Gastroenterology and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "G. Barresi", University of Messina, Messina
| | - Gioacchino Leandro
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "S. De Bellis" Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Massimo Bellini
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa
| | | | - Marco Soncini
- Internal Medicine, "Alessandro Manzoni" Hospital, ASST-Lecco, Lecco
| | - Fabio Monica
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Cattinara Hospital, Trieste
| | | | - Emma Paulon
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Cattinara Hospital, Trieste
| | - Maria Domenica Cappellini
- Rare Diseases Center, Department of Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milano
| | - Irene Motta
- Rare Diseases Center, Department of Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milano
| | - Francesca Ferretti
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Division/Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Coeliac Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano
| | - Stefania Orlando
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Division/Center for Prevention and Diagnosis of Coeliac Disease, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano
| | - Pasquale Mansueto
- Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine - DiBiMIS, University of Palermo, Palermo
| | | | - Guido Manfredi
- Gastroenterology Unit, ASST Ospedale Maggiore di Crema, Crema
| | - Carlo Agostoni
- Paediatric Intermediate Care Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milano
| | | | - Renato Cannizzaro
- Oncological Gastroenterology Division, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen ST, Ni YH, Li CC, Liu SH. Hepcidin correlates with interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 but not iron deficiency in children with Helicobacter pylori infection. Pediatr Neonatol 2018; 59:611-617. [PMID: 29548703 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with iron deficiency (ID) in children. Inflammatory cytokine reactions could influence the consequences of H. pylori infection. Hepcidin is an important regulator in iron homeostasis and could be induced by chronic inflammation. The relationship between hepcidin and cytokine levels in children infected with H. pylori remains controversial. METHODS Based on serology testing for anti-H. pylori IgG, participants (43 seropositive and 43 seronegative) aged 10-18 years were enrolled. Serum hepcidin levels and iron profiles, including iron, ferritin, and total iron-binding capacity, were measured. ID is defined as iron saturation less than 15%. Seropositive children were divided into low hepcidin (n = 22) and high hepcidin (n = 21) groups. IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 serum levels were compared. RESULTS Serum IL-1β and IL-6 levels were comparable between H. pylori seropositive and seronegative children, as were the median serum hepcidin levels (6.5 ng/mL versus 8.6 ng/mL; P = 0.1318). Median levels of serum iron, ferritin, and iron saturation were significantly lower in seropositive children with low hepcidin than in those with high hepcidin (P = 0.0123, P = 0.0001, and P = 0.0004, respectively). The prevalence of ID was significantly higher in those with low serum hepcidin levels (33.3% versus 4.5%; P = 0.015). Compared to the high hepcidin seropositive group, the low hepcidin group had significantly lower median serum levels of cytokines IL-1β and IL-6, but not IL-8 (P = 0.0151 and P = 0.0015, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6, but not IL-8, might be associated with increased hepcidin levels among H. pylori-seropositive children. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of hepcidin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Ta Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yen-Hsuan Ni
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Chun Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Su W, Zhou B, Qin G, Chen Z, Geng X, Chen X, Pan W. Low PG I/II ratio as a marker of atrophic gastritis: Association with nutritional and metabolic status in healthy people. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e10820. [PMID: 29768385 PMCID: PMC5976324 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A low pepsinogen (PG) I/II ratio can be used to detect atrophic gastritis (AG). Recent research has found that the PG I/II ratio is associated with several nutritional and metabolic disorders. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the PG I/II ratio and biochemical markers in a Chinese population.In total, 1896 participants in a gastric cancer screening program underwent a health screening test that included assessment of serum pepsinogens. Subjects with PG I/II < 3.0 were considered as having atrophic gastritis. Associations between the PG I/II ratio and biochemical markers reflecting glucose and lipid metabolism, liver, kidney and thyroid functions were evaluated using SPSS software version 20.The prevalence of atrophic gastritis was 5.3% and increased with age but did not differ between sexes. Albumin, ferritin, and total and direct bilirubin were significantly lower in patients with AG than in those without AG, whereas age, total bile acid, and amylase were significantly higher. Albumin, ferritin, and triglyceride correlated positively with the PG I/II ratio, while age, total bile acid, blood urea nitrogen, amylase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and lactate dehydrogenase correlated inversely with the PG I/II ratio. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that age, total bile acid, total protein, and ferritin correlated independently with AG.Low PG I/II ratio is not only a marker of atrophic gastritis but also an indicator of nutritional and metabolic status. Special attention should be paid to the metabolism of iron, protein, and bile acid in patients with a low PG I/II ratio.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guangming Qin
- Department of Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University
| | | | | | | | - Wensheng Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology
- Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310009, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Erythroferrone: An Erythroid Regulator of Hepcidin and Iron Metabolism. Hemasphere 2018; 2:e35. [PMID: 31723763 PMCID: PMC6745900 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron homeostasis ensures adequate iron for biological processes while preventing excessive iron accumulation, which can lead to tissue injury. In mammalian systems, iron availability is controlled by the interaction of the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin with ferroportin, a molecule that functions both as the hepcidin receptor as well as the sole known cellular exporter of iron. By reducing iron export through ferroportin to blood plasma, hepcidin inhibits the mobilization of iron from stores and the absorption of dietary iron. Among the many processes requiring iron, erythropoiesis is the most iron-intensive, consuming most iron circulating in blood plasma. Under conditions of enhanced erythropoiesis, more iron is required to provide developing erythroblasts with adequate iron for heme and hemoglobin synthesis. Here the hormone erythroferrone, produced by erythroblasts, acts on hepatocytes to suppress hepcidin production, and thereby increase dietary iron absorption and mobilization from stores. This review focuses on the discovery of erythroferrone and recent advances in understanding the role of this hormone in the regulation of iron homeostasis during states of increased erythropoietic demand. Gaps in our understanding of the role of erythroferrone are highlighted for future study.
Collapse
|
21
|
Vela D. Balance of cardiac and systemic hepcidin and its role in heart physiology and pathology. J Transl Med 2018; 98:315-326. [PMID: 29058707 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepcidin is the main regulator of iron metabolism in tissues. Its serum levels are mostly correlated with the levels of hepcidin expression from the liver, but local hepcidin can be important for the physiology of other organs as well. There is an increasing evidence that this is the case with cardiac hepcidin. This has been confirmed by studies with models of ischemic heart disease and other heart pathologies. In this review the discussion dissects the role of cardiac hepcidin in cellular homeostasis. This review is complemented with examination of the role of systemic hepcidin in heart disease and its use as a biochemical marker. The relationship between systemic vs local hepcidin in the heart is important because it can help us understand how the fine balance between the actions of two hepcidins affects heart function. Manipulating the axis systemic/cardiac hepcidin could serve as a new therapeutic strategy in heart diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Driton Vela
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosova
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Lefebvre T, Reihani N, Daher R, de Villemeur TB, Belmatoug N, Rose C, Colin-Aronovicz Y, Puy H, Le Van Kim C, Franco M, Karim Z. Involvement of hepcidin in iron metabolism dysregulation in Gaucher disease. Haematologica 2018; 103:587-596. [PMID: 29305416 PMCID: PMC5865418 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.177816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is an inherited deficiency of glucocerebrosidase leading to accumulation of glucosylceramide in tissues such as the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. The resulting lipid-laden macrophages lead to the appearance of “Gaucher cells”. Anemia associated with an unexplained hyperferritinemia is a frequent finding in GD, but whether this pathogenesis is related to an iron metabolism disorder has remained unclear. To investigate this issue, we explored the iron status of a large cohort of 90 type I GD patients, including 66 patients treated with enzyme replacement therapy. Ten of the patients treated with enzyme replacement were followed up before and during treatment. Serum levels of hepcidin, the iron regulatory peptide, remained within the physiological range, while the transferrin saturation was slightly decreased in children. Inflammation-independent hyperferritinemia was found in 65% of the patients, and Perl’s staining of the spleen and marrow smear revealed iron accumulation in Gaucher cells. Treated patients exhibited reduced hyperferritinemia, increased transferrin saturation and transiently increased systemic hepcidin. In addition, the hepcidin and ferritin correlation was markedly improved, and, in most patients, the hemoglobin level was normalized. To further explore eventual iron sequestration in macrophages, we produce a Gaucher cells model by treating the J774 macrophage cell line with a glucocerebrosidase inhibitor and showed induced local hepcidin and membrane retrieval of the iron exporter, ferroportin. These data reveal the involvement of Gaucher cells in abnormal iron sequestration, which may explain the mechanism of hyperferritinemia in GD patients. Local hepcidin-ferroportin interaction was involved in this pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Lefebvre
- University Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Diderot University, Inserm U1149 / ERL 8252, Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Centre Français des Porphyries, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Colombes, France
| | - Niloofar Reihani
- University Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Diderot University, Inserm, INTS, "Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge" Department, Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Raed Daher
- University Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Diderot University, Inserm U1149 / ERL 8252, Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Billette de Villemeur
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC, GRC ConCer-LD and AP-HP, Hôpital Trousseau, Service de Neuropédiatrie, Centre de Référence des Maladies Lysosomales, Paris, France
| | - Nadia Belmatoug
- Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Nord Val de Seine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Beaujon, Service de Médecine Interne, Centre de Référence des Maladies Lysosomales, Clichy, France
| | - Christian Rose
- Université Catholique de Lille, Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, Service d'Hématologie, France
| | - Yves Colin-Aronovicz
- University Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Diderot University, Inserm, INTS, "Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge" Department, Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Puy
- University Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Diderot University, Inserm U1149 / ERL 8252, Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Centre Français des Porphyries, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Colombes, France
| | - Caroline Le Van Kim
- University Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Diderot University, Inserm, INTS, "Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge" Department, Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Franco
- University Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Diderot University, Inserm, INTS, "Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge" Department, Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Zoubida Karim
- University Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris Diderot University, Inserm U1149 / ERL 8252, Inflammation Research Center (CRI), Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Roth-Walter F, Pacios LF, Bianchini R, Jensen-Jarolim E. Linking iron-deficiency with allergy: role of molecular allergens and the microbiome. Metallomics 2017; 9:1676-1692. [PMID: 29120476 DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00241f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Atopic individuals tend to develop a Th2 dominant immune response, resulting in hyperresponsiveness to harmless antigens, termed allergens. In the last decade, epidemiological studies have emerged that connected allergy with a deficient iron-status. Immune activation under iron-deficient conditions results in the expansion of Th2-, but not Th1 cells, can induce class-switching in B-cells and hampers the proper activation of M2, but not M1 macrophages. Moreover, many allergens, in particular with the lipocalin and lipocalin-like folds, seem to be capable of binding iron indirectly via siderophores harboring catechol moieties. The resulting locally restricted iron-deficiency may then lead during immune activation to the generation of Th2-cells and thus prepare for allergic sensitization. Moreover, iron-chelators seem to also influence clinical reactivity: mast cells accumulate iron before degranulation and seem to respond differently depending on the type of the encountered siderophore. Whereas deferoxamine triggers degranulation of connective tissue-type mast cells, catechol-based siderophores reduce activation and degranulation and improve clinical symptoms. Considering the complex interplay of iron, siderophores and immune molecules, it remains to be determined whether iron-deficiencies are the cause or the result of allergy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Roth-Walter
- Department of Comparative Medicine, at the Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Luis F Pacios
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP, UPM-INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus de Montegancedo-UPM, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodolfo Bianchini
- Department of Comparative Medicine, at the Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Erika Jensen-Jarolim
- Department of Comparative Medicine, at the Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. and Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ito H, Kurokawa H, Hirayama A, P Indo H, J Majima H, Matsui H. Cancer cell-specific mitochondrial reactive oxygen species promote non-heme iron uptake and enhance the proliferation of gastric epithelial cancer cell. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2017; 61:183-188. [PMID: 29203959 PMCID: PMC5703790 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.17-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential nutrient for life and is involved in many important processes such as oxygen transport and DNA synthesis. However, excess amounts of iron can cause carcinogenesis by producing reactive oxygen species. Thus, the cellular transport of iron must be tightly regulated. In the human body, iron may be present as heme or non-heme iron. The mechanisms governing the cellular transport of these forms have not been clearly elucidated. We previously reported that the expression of an important heme transporter, heme carrier protein 1 was regulated by cancer-specific reactive oxygen species derived from mitochondria. In this study, we have asked if mitochondrial reactive oxygen species may also be related with non-heme iron transport. In order to address this question, we have investigated the relationship between mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and accumulation of cellular non-heme iron in a rat gastric normal, cancer and manganese superoxide dismutase-overexpressing cancer cell line, in which reactive oxygen species from mitochondria are specifically scavenged. We have also analyzed the expression of divalent metal transporter 1 and ferroprotin, involved in the incorporation and excretion of non-heme iron, respectively, as well as a hypoxia-related transcription factor HIF-1α, to elucidate the molecular mechanism of non-heme iron accumulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromu Ito
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kurokawa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Aki Hirayama
- Center for Integrative Medicine, Tsukuba University of Technology, 4-12-7 Kasuga, Tsukuba 305-8521, Japan
| | - Hiroko P Indo
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Hideyuki J Majima
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Matsui
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan.,Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jakszyn P, Fonseca-Nunes A, Lujan-Barroso L, Aranda N, Tous M, Arija V, Cross A, Bueno-de-Mesquita HBA, Weiderpass E, Kühn T, Kaaks R, Sjöberg K, Ohlsson B, Tumino R, Palli D, Ricceri F, Fasanelli F, Krogh V, Mattiello A, Jenab M, Gunter M, Perez-Cornago A, Khaw KT, Tjønneland A, Olsen A, Overvad K, Trichopoulou A, Peppa E, Vasilopoulou E, Boeing H, Sánchez-Cantalejo E, Huerta JM, Dorronsoro M, Barricarte A, Quirós JM, Peeters PH, Agudo A. Hepcidin levels and gastric cancer risk in the EPIC-EurGast study. Int J Cancer 2017; 141:945-951. [PMID: 28543377 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Hepcidin is the main regulator of iron homeostasis and dysregulation of proteins involved in iron metabolism has been associated with tumorogenesis. However, to date, no epidemiological study has researched the association between hepcidin levels and gastric cancer risk. To further investigate the relationship between hepcidin levels and gastric cancer risk, we conducted a nested case-control study (EURGAST) within the multicentric European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. The study included 456 primary incident gastric adenocarcinoma cases and 900 matched controls that occurred during an average of 11 years of follow-up. We measured serum levels of hepcidin-25, iron, ferritin, transferrin and C-reactive protein. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of gastric cancer by hepcidin levels were estimated from multivariable conditional logistic regression models. Mediation effect of the ferritin levels on the hepcidin-gastric cancer pathway was also evaluated. After adjusting for relevant confounders, we observed a statistically significant inverse association between gastric cancer and hepcidin levels (OR 5 ng/l = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.93-0.99). No differences were found by tumor localization or histological type. In mediation analysis, we found that the direct effect of hepcidin only represents a nonsignificant 38% (95% CI: -69%, 91%). In summary, these data suggest that the inverse association of hepcidin levels and gastric cancer risk was mostly accounted by ferritin levels. Further investigation including repeated measures of hepcidin is needed to clarify their role in gastric carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Jakszyn
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology-ICO, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet De Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Fonseca-Nunes
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology-ICO, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet De Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Leila Lujan-Barroso
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology-ICO, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet De Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Nursing of Public Health, Mental Health and Maternity and Child Health School of Nursing Universitat de Barcelona,Spain
| | - Núria Aranda
- Nutrition and Public Health Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Research Group in Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM), Institut d'investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Mónica Tous
- Nutrition and Public Health Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Research Group in Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM), Institut d'investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Victoria Arija
- Nutrition and Public Health Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Research Group in Nutrition and Mental Health (NUTRISAM), Institut d'investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Amanda Cross
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - H B As Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department of Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Foundation under Public Law, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Foundation under Public Law, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klas Sjöberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Bodil Ohlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, "Civic - M.P. Arezzo" hospital, ASP Ragusa, Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO Florence, Italy
| | - Fulvio Ricceri
- Unit of Epidemiology, Regional Health Service, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Vittorio Krogh
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Amalia Mattiello
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Federico II University Naples, Italy
| | - Mazda Jenab
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Marc Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit; Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anja Olsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | | | - Effie Vasilopoulou
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Emilio Sánchez-Cantalejo
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, Granada, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - José María Huerta
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Miren Dorronsoro
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Basque Regional Health Department, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Aurelio Barricarte
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Basque Regional Health Department, San Sebastian, Spain
- Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José Maria Quirós
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Basque Regional Health Department, San Sebastian, Spain
- Navarre Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- Public Health Directorate, Asturias, Spain
| | - Petra H Peeters
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology-ICO, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet De Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Expression of hepcidin and ferroportin in full term placenta of pregnant cows. Theriogenology 2017; 103:90-97. [PMID: 28780484 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hepcidin (HEP) and ferroportin (FPN) play a central role in systemic iron homeostasis. The HEP/FPN axis controls both extracellular iron concentration and total body iron levels. HEP is synthesized mainly by hepatocytes and controls the absorption of dietary iron and the distribution of iron to the various cell types; its synthesis is regulated by both iron and innate immunity. FPN is a membrane protein and the major exporter of iron from mammalian cells, including iron recycling macrophages, iron absorbing duodenal enterocytes, and iron storing hepatocytes. HEP limits the pool of extracellular iron by binding FPN and mediating its degradation, thus preventing its release from intracellular sources. Here we investigated, for the first time, the molecular and morphological expression of HEP and FPN in placenta of pregnant cows at term. Their expression has been evaluated investigating their mRNAs by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). Sequencing of related amplicons revealed a 100% identity with HEP and FPN sequences from Bos taurus as reported in the GeneBank (mRNASequence ID: NM_001114508.2 and ID: NM_001077970.1, respectively). HEP and FPN proteins have also been revealed by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. The strongest immunoreactivity for both proteins was observed in the cytoplasm of the trophoblastic cells of the villi and the caruncular crypts of the placentome. Hep mRNA was more representative in caruncular rather cotyledonar areas; on the contrary, Fpn mRNA was more expressed in cotyledonar rather than in caruncular areas. Transcripts of ferritin, transferrin and its receptor have been also documented by real time RT-PCR. HEP and FPN placental proteins may play a dual role. HEP/FPN axis seems to have a central role in infections, with microorganisms within macrophages or that survive in the bloodstream or other cellular spaces. In addition, HEP may be responsible for iron flux regulation as a molecular bridge for iron trafficking and response to infection. FPN may also have a significant role for embryonic development, growth and organogenesis.
Collapse
|
27
|
Carr DF, Ayehunie S, Davies A, Duckworth CA, French S, Hall N, Hussain S, Mellor HR, Norris A, Park BK, Penrose A, Pritchard DM, Probert CS, Ramaiah S, Sadler C, Schmitt M, Shaw A, Sidaway JE, Vries RG, Wagoner M, Pirmohamed M. Towards better models and mechanistic biomarkers for drug-induced gastrointestinal injury. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 172:181-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
28
|
Lefebvre T, Dessendier N, Houamel D, Ialy-Radio N, Kannengiesser C, Manceau H, Beaumont C, Nicolas G, Gouya L, Puy H, Karim Z. LC-MS/MS method for hepcidin-25 measurement in human and mouse serum: clinical and research implications in iron disorders. Clin Chem Lab Med 2016; 53:1557-67. [PMID: 25781546 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2014-1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The peptide hepcidin plays a central role in regulating dietary iron absorption and body iron distribution. This 25-amino acid hormone is produced and secreted predominantly by hepatocytes. Hepcidin has been suggested as a promising diagnostic marker for iron-related disorders. However, its accurate quantification for clinical use remains so far challenging. In this report we describe a highly specific and quantitative serum hepcidin method using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). MATERIAL The analytical validation included the determination of the limit of detection, of quantification, repeatability, reproducibility and linearity. This assay was developed for human and mouse hepcidin. The human assay was performed on serum patients with unexplained microcytic anemia. We applied our LC-MS/MS method for quantifying hepcidin-1 in mouse in various conditions: inflammation, hemolytic anemia, Hamp-1, Hjv and Hfe KO mice. RESULTS We show that the LC-MS/MS is suitable for accurate determination of hepcidin-25 in clinical samples, thereby representing a useful tool for the clinical diagnosis and follow-up of iron-related diseases. In mouse, a strong correlation between hepatic Hamp-1 mRNA expression and serum hepcidin-1 levels was found (r=0.88; p=0.0002) and the expected variations in mouse models of iron disorders were observed. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, we propose this adaptive LC-MS/MS method as a suitable method for accurate determination of hepcidin-25 in clinical samples and as a major tool contributing to the clinical diagnosis, follow-up and management of iron-related disorders. It also opens new avenues to measure hepcidin in animal models without interspecies antigenic limitations.
Collapse
|
29
|
Fabian E, Schiller D, Graninger W, Langner C, Frei J, Schoellnast H, Alibegovic V, Stauber R, Schoefl R, Krejs GJ. Clinical-Pathological Conference Series from the Medical University of Graz : Case No 159: 52-year-old patient with psoriasis and arthralgia of the finger joints. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2016; 128:846-853. [PMID: 27363994 PMCID: PMC5104785 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-016-1010-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Fabian
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Schiller
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Elisabethinen Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Winfried Graninger
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Cord Langner
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes Frei
- Department of Radiology, Elisabethinen Hospital Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Helmut Schoellnast
- Division of General Diagnostic Radiology, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Rudolf Stauber
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Rainer Schoefl
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Elisabethinen Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Guenter J Krejs
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Amieva M, Peek RM. Pathobiology of Helicobacter pylori-Induced Gastric Cancer. Gastroenterology 2016; 150:64-78. [PMID: 26385073 PMCID: PMC4691563 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 544] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colonization of the human stomach by Helicobacter pylori and its role in causing gastric cancer is one of the richest examples of a complex relationship among human cells, microbes, and their environment. It is also a puzzle of enormous medical importance given the incidence and lethality of gastric cancer worldwide. We review recent findings that have changed how we view these relationships and affected the direction of gastric cancer research. For example, recent data have indicated that subtle mismatches between host and microbe genetic traits greatly affect the risk of gastric cancer. The ability of H pylori and its oncoprotein CagA to reprogram epithelial cells and activate properties of stemness show the sophisticated relationship between H pylori and progenitor cells in the gastric mucosa. The observation that cell-associated H pylori can colonize the gastric glands and directly affect precursor and stem cells supports these observations. The ability to mimic these interactions in human gastric organoid cultures as well as animal models will allow investigators to more fully unravel the extent of H pylori control on the renewing gastric epithelium. Finally, our realization that external environmental factors, such as dietary components and essential micronutrients, as well as the gastrointestinal microbiota, can change the balance between H pylori's activity as a commensal or a pathogen has provided direction to studies aimed at defining the full carcinogenic potential of this organism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Amieva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA,Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Richard M. Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN,Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Burns M, Muthupalani S, Ge Z, Wang TC, Bakthavatchalu V, Cunningham C, Ennis K, Georgieff M, Fox JG. Helicobacter pylori Infection Induces Anemia, Depletes Serum Iron Storage, and Alters Local Iron-Related and Adult Brain Gene Expression in Male INS-GAS Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142630. [PMID: 26575645 PMCID: PMC4648568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) affects > 500 million people worldwide, and is linked to impaired cognitive development and function in children. Helicobacter pylori, a class 1 carcinogen, infects about half of the world’s population, thus creating a high likelihood of overlapping risk. This study determined the effect of H. pylori infection on iron homeostasis in INS-GAS mice. Two replicates of INS-GAS/FVB male mice (n = 9-12/group) were dosed with H. pylori (Hp) strain SS1 or sham dosed at 6–9 weeks of age, and were necropsied at 27–29 weeks of age. Hematologic and serum iron parameters were evaluated, as was gene expression in gastric and brain tissues. Serum ferritin was lower in Hp SS1-infected mice than uninfected mice (p < 0.0001). Infected mice had a lower red blood cell count (p<0.0001), hematocrit (p < 0.001), and hemoglobin concentration (p <0.0001) than uninfected mice. Relative expression of gastric hepcidin antimicrobial peptide (Hamp) was downregulated in mice infected with Hp SS1 compared to sham-dosed controls (p<0.001). Expression of bone morphogenic protein 4 (Bmp4), a growth factor upstream of hepcidin, was downregulated in gastric tissue of Hp SS1-infected mice (p<0.001). Hp SS1-infected mice had downregulated brain expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (Th) (p = 0.02). Expression of iron-responsive genes involved in myelination (myelin basic protein (Mbp) and proteolipid protein 2 (Plp2)) was downregulated in infected mice (p = 0.001 and p = 0.02). Expression of synaptic plasticity markers (brain derived neurotrophic factor 3 (Bdnf3), Psd95 (a membrane associated guanylate kinase), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (Igf1)) was also downregulated in Hp SS1-infected mice (p = 0.09, p = 0.04, p = 0.02 respectively). Infection of male INS-GAS mice with Hp SS1, without concurrent dietary iron deficiency, depleted serum ferritin, deregulated gastric and hepatic expression of iron regulatory genes, and altered iron-dependent neural processes. The use of Hp SS1-infected INS-GAS mice will be an appropriate animal model for further study of the effects of concurrent H. pylori infection and anemia on iron homeostasis and adult iron-dependent brain gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Burns
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sureshkumar Muthupalani
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zhongming Ge
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Timothy C. Wang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Vasudevan Bakthavatchalu
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Catriona Cunningham
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Kathleen Ennis
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Michael Georgieff
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - James G. Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Houamel D, Ducrot N, Lefebvre T, Daher R, Moulouel B, Sari MA, Letteron P, Lyoumi S, Millot S, Tourret J, Bouvet O, Vaulont S, Vandewalle A, Denamur E, Puy H, Beaumont C, Gouya L, Karim Z. Hepcidin as a Major Component of Renal Antibacterial Defenses against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:835-46. [PMID: 26293821 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014101035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The iron-regulatory peptide hepcidin exhibits antimicrobial activity. Having previously shown hepcidin expression in the kidney, we addressed its role in urinary tract infection (UTI), which remains largely unknown. Experimental UTI was induced in wild-type (WT) and hepcidin-knockout (Hepc-/-) mice using the uropathogenic Escherichia coli CFT073 strain. Compared with infected WT mice, infected Hepc-/- mice showed a dramatic increase in renal bacterial load. Moreover, bacterial invasion was significantly dampened by the pretreatment of WT mice with hepcidin. Infected Hepc-/- mice exhibited decreased iron accumulation in the renal medulla and significant attenuation of the renal inflammatory response. Notably, we demonstrated in vitro bacteriostatic activity of hepcidin against CFT073. Furthermore, CFT073 repressed renal hepcidin, both in vivo and in cultured renal cells, and reduced phosphorylation of SMAD kinase in vivo, suggesting a bacterial strategy to escape the antimicrobial activities of hepcidin. In conclusion, we provide new mechanisms by which hepcidin contributes to renal host defense and suggest that targeting hepcidin offers a strategy to prevent bacterial invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dounia Houamel
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1149, Research Centre on inflammation, Paris, France; Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence, GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Ducrot
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1149, Research Centre on inflammation, Paris, France; Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence, GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Thibaud Lefebvre
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1149, Research Centre on inflammation, Paris, France; Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence, GR-Ex, Paris, France; AP-HP, French Center for Porphyrias, Louis Mourier Hospital, Colombes, France
| | - Raed Daher
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1149, Research Centre on inflammation, Paris, France; Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence, GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Boualem Moulouel
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1149, Research Centre on inflammation, Paris, France; Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence, GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Agnes Sari
- The National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), UMR 8601, Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Letteron
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1149, Research Centre on inflammation, Paris, France; Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Said Lyoumi
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1149, Research Centre on inflammation, Paris, France; Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence, GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Millot
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1149, Research Centre on inflammation, Paris, France; Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence, GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Jerome Tourret
- Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; INSERM U1137, Infection Antimicrobials Modelling Evolution (IAME) Laboratory, Paris, France; and
| | - Odile Bouvet
- Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; INSERM U1137, Infection Antimicrobials Modelling Evolution (IAME) Laboratory, Paris, France; and
| | - Sophie Vaulont
- Laboratory of Excellence, GR-Ex, Paris, France; INSERM U1016, Cochin Institute, Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Alain Vandewalle
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1149, Research Centre on inflammation, Paris, France; Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Erick Denamur
- Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; INSERM U1137, Infection Antimicrobials Modelling Evolution (IAME) Laboratory, Paris, France; and
| | - Hervé Puy
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1149, Research Centre on inflammation, Paris, France; Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence, GR-Ex, Paris, France; AP-HP, French Center for Porphyrias, Louis Mourier Hospital, Colombes, France
| | - Carole Beaumont
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1149, Research Centre on inflammation, Paris, France; Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence, GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Gouya
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1149, Research Centre on inflammation, Paris, France; Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence, GR-Ex, Paris, France; AP-HP, French Center for Porphyrias, Louis Mourier Hospital, Colombes, France
| | - Zoubida Karim
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) U1149, Research Centre on inflammation, Paris, France; Paris Diderot University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Laboratory of Excellence, GR-Ex, Paris, France;
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Emiralioglu N, Yenicesu I, Sari S, Egritas O, Poyraz A, Pasaoglu OT, Celik B, Dalgic B. An insight into the relationships between prohepcidin, iron deficiency anemia, and interleukin-6 values in pediatric Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Eur J Pediatr 2015; 174:903-10. [PMID: 25567795 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-014-2482-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The link between Helicobacter pylori and iron deficiency (ID) or iron deficiency anemia (IDA) has been investigated recently. We suggested that IDA/ID associated with H. pylori infection might be mediated by inflammation-driven hepcidin production. Patients with complaints of recurrent abdominal pain and dyspepsia aged between 7-16 years were included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups according to H. pylori status in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Group I who had H. pylori gastritis (n=50) received triple antibiotic therapy. Group II (n=50) who had H. pylori-negative gastritis only received proton pump inhibitor. Thirty healthy children with the similar age and gender were included in the study as a control group. Complete blood count, serum iron levels, iron-binding capacity, ferritin levels, prohepcidin and interleukin-6 (IL-6) values were evaluated in all children at the first visit. Initial tests were repeated after H. pylori eradication. Initial levels of ferritin (p=0.002), prohepcidin (p=0.003), and IL-6 (p=0.004) were found significantly lower in group I compared to group II and the control group. The mean prohepcidin level was lower in the anemic H. pylori-positive group than in non-anemic H. pylori-positive group; however, the difference was not statistically significant. While significant increases in hematocrit and mean corpuscular volume were observed, no significant difference was found in serum ferritin, prohepcidin, or IL-6 level after eradication treatment in H. pylori-positive group. CONCLUSION H. pylori-induced gastritis appears to cause an increase in prohepcidin levels and a decrease in ferritin levels, supporting our hypothesis; but this relationship has not been proven.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagehan Emiralioglu
- Pediatric Pulmonology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Insights into the antimicrobial properties of hepcidins: advantages and drawbacks as potential therapeutic agents. Molecules 2015; 20:6319-41. [PMID: 25867823 PMCID: PMC6272296 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20046319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing frequency of multi-drug resistant microorganisms has driven research into alternative therapeutic strategies. In this respect, natural antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) hold much promise as candidates for the development of novel antibiotics. However, AMPs have some intrinsic drawbacks, such as partial degradation by host proteases or inhibition by host body fluid composition, potential toxicity, and high production costs. This review focuses on the hepcidins, which are peptides produced by the human liver with a known role in iron homeostasis, as well by numerous other organisms (including fish, reptiles, other mammals), and their potential as antibacterial and antifungal agents. Interestingly, the antimicrobial properties of human hepcidins are enhanced at acidic pH, rendering these peptides appealing for the design of new drugs targeting infections that occur in body areas with acidic physiological pH. This review not only considers current research on the direct killing activity of these peptides, but evaluates the potential application of these molecules as coating agents preventing biofilm formation and critically assesses technical obstacles preventing their therapeutic application.
Collapse
|
35
|
Tesfay L, Clausen KA, Kim JW, Hegde P, Wang X, Miller LD, Deng Z, Blanchette N, Arvedson T, Miranti CK, Babitt JL, Lin HY, Peehl DM, Torti FM, Torti SV. Hepcidin regulation in prostate and its disruption in prostate cancer. Cancer Res 2015; 75:2254-63. [PMID: 25858146 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-2465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Hepcidin is a circulating peptide hormone made by the liver that is a central regulator of systemic iron uptake and recycling. Here, we report that prostate epithelial cells also synthesize hepcidin, and that synthesis and secretion of hepcidin are markedly increased in prostate cancer cells and tissue. Prostatic hepcidin functions as an autocrine hormone, decreasing cell surface ferroportin, an iron exporter, increasing intracellular iron retention, and promoting prostate cancer cell survival. Synthesis of hepcidin in prostate cancer is controlled by a unique intersection of pathways that involves BMP4/7, IL6, Wnt, and the dual BMP and Wnt antagonist, SOSTDC1. Epigenetic silencing of SOSTDC1 through methylation is increased in prostate cancer and is associated with accelerated disease progression in patients with prostate cancer. These results establish a new connection between iron metabolism and prostate cancer, and suggest that prostatic dysregulation of hepcidin contributes to prostate cancer growth and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lia Tesfay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | | | - Jin Woo Kim
- Panagene Inc., Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Poornima Hegde
- Department of Pathology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Lance D Miller
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina
| | - Zhiyong Deng
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Nicole Blanchette
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Tara Arvedson
- Department of Inflammation, Amgen Inc., Seattle, Washington
| | - Cindy K Miranti
- Laboratory of Integrin Signaling, Program in Skeletal Disease and Tumor Microenvironment, Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Jodie L Babitt
- Program in Anemia Signaling Research, Division of Nephrology, Program in Membrane Biology, Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Herbert Y Lin
- Program in Anemia Signaling Research, Division of Nephrology, Program in Membrane Biology, Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Donna M Peehl
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Frank M Torti
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Suzy V Torti
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sato Y, Yoneyama O, Azumaya M, Takeuchi M, Sasaki SY, Yokoyama J, Shioji K, Kawauchi Y, Hashimoto S, Nishigaki Y, Kobayashi M, Sugimura K, Honma T, Narisawa R, Aoyagi Y. The relationship between iron deficiency in patients with Helicobacter pylori-infected nodular gastritis and the serum prohepcidin level. Helicobacter 2015; 20:11-8. [PMID: 25256783 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is recognized as a causative agent for unexplained iron-deficiency anemia (IDA). We evaluated many background factors influencing an iron-deficiency state in adult patients with various H. pylori-infected upper gastrointestinal tract diseases. METHOD Study 1: H. pylori-infected 121 patients (nodular gastritis (NG) (n = 19), duodenal ulcer (DU) (n = 30), or gastric ulcer (GU) (n = 47), or gastric hyperplastic polyp (GHP) (n = 25)) were enrolled. The RBC count and hemoglobin, iron, ferritin, pepsinogen (PG) I, PG II, gastrin, and anti-H. pylori antibody (Ab) levels in the serum were measured. Study 2: H. pylori-infected 105 patients (NG, n = 19; DU, n = 43; GU, n = 32; GHP, n = 11) and non-H. pylori-infected individuals (n = 35) were examined for the levels of prohepcidin, ferritin, and iron in the serum. In addition, we measured the data before and after the H. pylori eradication. RESULTS In the patients with GHP and NG, hypoferritinemia was observed in comparison with the GU and DU patients. In the GHP patients, low levels of PG I, a decreased PG I/II ratio, and hypergastrinemia were observed. The levels of serum prohepcidin in the patients with H. pylori-associated disease were higher than those in the uninfected adults. In the patients with NG, the serum prohepcidin levels were higher than those in the other H. pylori-infected patient groups and decreased after the eradication. CONCLUSION H. pylori-related iron-deficiency state might be associated with several factors, such as hypochlorhydria and hepcidin, in patients with GHP or NG.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
The iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin: A possible therapeutic target? Pharmacol Ther 2015; 146:35-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
38
|
|
39
|
Campuzano-Maya G. Hematologic manifestations of Helicobacter pylori infection. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:12818-12838. [PMID: 25278680 PMCID: PMC4177465 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i36.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the most common infection in humans, with a marked disparity between developed and developing countries. Although H. pylori infections are asymptomatic in most infected individuals, they are intimately related to malignant gastric conditions such as gastric cancer and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and to benign diseases such as gastritis and duodenal and gastric peptic ulcers. Since it was learned that bacteria could colonize the gastric mucosa, there have been reports in the medical literature of over 50 extragastric manifestations involving a variety medical areas of specialization. These areas include cardiology, dermatology, endocrinology, gynecology and obstetrics, hematology, pneumology, odontology, ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology and pediatrics, and they encompass conditions with a range of clear evidence between the H. pylori infection and development of the disease. This literature review covers extragastric manifestations of H. pylori infection in the hematology field. It focuses on conditions that are included in international consensus and management guides for H. pylori infection, specifically iron deficiency, vitamin B12 (cobalamin) deficiency, immune thrombocytopenia, and MALT lymphoma. In addition, there is discussion of other conditions that are not included in international consensus and management guides on H. pylori, including auto-immune neutropenia, antiphospholipid syndrome, plasma cell dyscrasias, and other hematologic diseases.
Collapse
|
40
|
Grimes CN, Fry MM. Nonregenerative anemia: mechanisms of decreased or ineffective erythropoiesis. Vet Pathol 2014; 52:298-311. [PMID: 24807888 DOI: 10.1177/0300985814529315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In veterinary medicine, anemia without an appropriate compensatory hematopoietic response is termed nonregenerative. Nonregenerative anemia is a common clinical entity, occurring as a result of diminished or ineffective erythropoiesis in association with many types of pathology. This article reviews nonregenerative anemia in domestic animals, emphasizing mechanisms of disease, and also covers other conditions associated with nonregenerative anemia in people. Many aspects of nonregenerative anemia in animals are worthy of further investigation, from molecular mechanisms of disease to epidemiologic impacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C N Grimes
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
| | - M M Fry
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gotardo &EMF, Ribeiro GDA, Clemente TRL, Moscato CH, Tomé RBG, Rocha T, Pedrazzoli Jr J, Ribeiro ML, Gambero A. Hepcidin expression in colon during trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:4345-4352. [PMID: 24764672 PMCID: PMC3989970 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i15.4345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate hepcidin expression, interleukin-6 (IL-6) production and iron levels in the rat colon in the presence of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis.
METHODS: In rats, we evaluated the severity of colitis induced by repeated TNBS administration using macroscopic and microscopic scoring systems and myeloperoxidase activity measurements. The colonic levels of hepcidin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), IL-10 and IL-6 were measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, and hepcidin-25 expression and iron deposition were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and the Prussian blue reaction, respectively. Stat-3 phosphorylation was assessed by Western blot analysis. Hematological parameters, iron and transferrin levels, and transferrin saturation were also measured. Additionally, the ability of iron, pathogen-derived molecules and IL-6 to induce hepcidin expression in HT-29 cells was evaluated.
RESULTS: Repeated TNBS administration to rats resulted in macroscopically and microscopically detectable colon lesions and elevated colonic myeloperoxidase activity. Hepcidin-25 protein levels were increased in colonic surface epithelia in colitic rats (10.2 ± 4.0 pg/mg protein vs 71.0 ± 8.4 pg/mg protein, P < 0.01). Elevated IL-6 levels (8.2 ± 1.7 pg/mg protein vs 14.7 ± 0.7 pg/mg protein, P < 0.05), TNF-α levels (1.8 ± 1.2 pg/mg protein vs 7.4 ± 2.1 pg/mg protein, P < 0.05) and Stat-3 phosphorylation were also observed. Systemic alterations in iron homeostasis, hepcidin levels and anemia were not detected in colitic rats. Iron deposition in the colon was only observed during colitis. Hepcidin gene expression was increased in HT-29 cells after IL-6 and lipopolysaccharide [a toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) ligand] treatment. Deferoxamine, ferric citrate and peptidoglycan (a TLR-2 ligand) were unable to alter the in vitro expression of hepcidin in HT-29 cells.
CONCLUSION: Colitis increased local hepcidin-25 expression, which was associated with the IL-6/Stat-3 signaling pathway. An increase in local iron sequestration was also observed, but additional studies are needed to determine whether this sequestration is a defensive or pathological response to intestinal inflammation.
Collapse
|
42
|
Proposing a Caco-2/HepG2 cell model for in vitro iron absorption studies. J Nutr Biochem 2014; 25:710-5. [PMID: 24746839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The Caco-2 cell line is well established as an in vitro model for iron absorption. However, the model does not reflect the regulation of iron absorption by hepcidin produced in the liver. We aimed to develop the Caco-2 model by introducing human liver cells (HepG2) to Caco-2 cells. The Caco-2 and HepG2 epithelia were separated by a liquid compartment, which allowed for epithelial interaction. Ferritin levels in cocultured Caco-2 controls were 21.7±10.3 ng/mg protein compared to 7.7±5.8 ng/mg protein in monocultured Caco-2 cells. The iron transport across Caco-2 layers was increased when liver cells were present (8.1%±1.5% compared to 3.5%±2.5% at 120 μM Fe). Caco-2 cells were exposed to 0, 80 and 120 μM Fe and responded with increased hepcidin production at 120 μM Fe (3.6±0.3 ng/ml compared to 2.7±0.3 ng/ml). The expression of iron exporter ferroportin in Caco-2 cells was decreased at the hepcidin concentration of 3.6 ng/ml and undetectable at external addition of hepcidin (10 ng/ml). The apical transporter DMT1 was also undetectable at 10 ng/ml but was unchanged at the lower concentrations. In addition, we observed that sourdough bread, in comparison to heat-treated bread, increased the bioavailability of iron despite similar iron content (53% increase in ferritin formation, 97% increase in hepcidin release). This effect was not observed in monocultured Caco-2 cells. The Caco-2/HepG2 model provides an alternative approach to in vitro iron absorption studies in which the hepatic regulation of iron transport must be considered.
Collapse
|
43
|
Inverse correlation between serum interleukin-6 and iron levels among Japanese adults: a cross-sectional study. BMC HEMATOLOGY 2014; 14:6. [PMID: 24576354 PMCID: PMC3974032 DOI: 10.1186/2052-1839-14-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine that is produced by many different cell types, and plays an important role in the regulation of inflammation, immune responses, the acute-phase response, and hematopoiesis. Previous laboratory and clinical studies have shown that IL-6 causes a significant decrease in serum iron levels. Therefore, we conducted an epidemiological study to examine the association between serum IL-6 and iron levels. METHODS In total, 280 Japanese individuals aged 20-78 years were enrolled when they visited a clinic located in an urban area for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection tests and subsequent eradication; 65.3% were infected with H. pylori. Subjects with gastric cancer, idiopathic thrombocytopenia, or IL-6 > 10 pg/mL were excluded from the study. Serum iron and IL-6 levels were measured using the 2-nitroso-5-(N-propyl-3-sulfopropylamino) phenol method and chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay, respectively. RESULTS Geometric mean iron and IL-6 levels were 111.5 μg/dL and 1.77 pg/mL, respectively, for men, and 89.4 μg/dL and 1.55 pg/mL, respectively, for women. The logarithm of serum iron levels was negatively correlated with the logarithm of IL-6 levels in men (r = -0.19, p = 0.047), but not in women (r = -0.035, p = 0.65). Regression analysis, adjusted for sex, age, and H. pylori infection status, showed that the logarithm of serum iron levels was significantly associated with a decreased logarithm of IL-6 levels (β = -0.053, p = 0.041). The odds ratio for low serum iron levels adjusted for sex, age, and H. pylori infection status was 7.88 (95% CI 1.29-48.06) in those with an IL-6 level > 4 pg/mL. CONCLUSION Lower serum iron levels are significantly associated with higher serum IL-6 levels among Japanese adults.
Collapse
|
44
|
Pacifico L, Osborn JF, Tromba V, Romaggioli S, Bascetta S, Chiesa C. Helicobacter pylori infection and extragastric disorders in children: a critical update. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:1379-401. [PMID: 24587617 PMCID: PMC3925850 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i6.1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a highly prevalent, serious and chronic infection that has been associated causally with a diverse spectrum of extragastric disorders including iron deficiency anemia, chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, growth retardation, and diabetes mellitus. The inverse relation of H. pylori prevalence and the increase in allergies, as reported from epidemiological studies, has stimulated research for elucidating potential underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Although H. pylori is most frequently acquired during childhood in both developed and developing countries, clinicians are less familiar with the pediatric literature in the field. A better understanding of the H. pylori disease spectrum in childhood should lead to clearer recommendations about testing for and treating H. pylori infection in children who are more likely to develop clinical sequelae. A further clinical challenge is whether the progressive decrease of H. pylori in the last decades, abetted by modern clinical practices, may have other health consequences.
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1982, the global importance of Helicobacter pylori-induced disease, particularly in developing countries, remains high. The use of rodent models, particularly mice, and the unanticipated usefulness of the gerbil to study H. pylori pathogenesis have been used extensively to study the interactions of the host, the pathogen, and the environmental conditions influencing the outcome of persistent H. pylori infection. Dietary factors in humans are increasingly recognized as being important factors in modulating progression and severity of H. pylori-induced gastric cancer. Studies using rodent models to verify and help explain mechanisms whereby various dietary ingredients impact disease outcome should continue to be extremely productive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James G. Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy C. Wang
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bagu ET, Layoun A, Calvé A, Santos MM. Friend of GATA and GATA-6 modulate the transcriptional up-regulation of hepcidin in hepatocytes during inflammation. Biometals 2013; 26:1051-65. [PMID: 24179092 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-013-9683-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Hepcidin is an antimicrobial peptide hormone that plays a central role in the metabolism of iron and its expression in the liver can be induced through two major pathways: the inflammatory pathway, mainly via IL-6; and the iron-sensing pathway, mediated by BMP-6. GATA-proteins are group of evolutionary conserved transcriptional regulators that bind to the consensus motif-WGATAR-in the promoter region. In hepatoma cells, GATA-proteins 4 and 6 in conjunction with the co-factor friend of GATA (FOG) were shown to modulate the transcription of HAMP. However, it is unclear as to which of the GATA-proteins drive the expression of HAMP in vivo. In this study, using in vitro and in vivo approaches, we investigated the relevance of GATA and FOG proteins in the expression of hepcidin following treatment with IL-6 and BMP-6. We found that treatment of Huh7 cells with either IL-6 or BMP-6 increased the HAMP promoter activity. The HAMP promoter activity following treatment with IL-6 or BMP-6 was further increased by co-transfection of the promoter with GATA proteins 4 and 6. However, co-transfection of the HAMP promoter with FOG proteins 1 or 2 repressed the promoter response to treatments with either IL-6 or BMP-6. The effects of both GATA and FOG proteins on the promoter activity in response to IL-6 or BMP-6 treatment were abrogated by mutation of the GATA response element-TTATCT-in the HAMP promoter region -103/-98. In vivo, treatment of mice with lipopolysaccharide led to a transient increase of Gata-6 expression in the liver that was positively correlated with the expression of hepcidin. Our results indicate that during inflammation GATA-6 is up-regulated in concert with hepcidin while GATA-4 and FOG (1 and 2) are repressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward T Bagu
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Institut du Cancer de Montréal, (ICM), University of Montreal, Pavillon De Sève Porte Y-5625, 2099 rue Alexandre De Sève, Montreal, QC, H2L 4M1, Canada,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Queiroz DMM, Rocha AMC, Crabtree JE. Unintended consequences of Helicobacter pylori infection in children in developing countries: iron deficiency, diarrhea, and growth retardation. Gut Microbes 2013; 4:494-504. [PMID: 23988829 PMCID: PMC3928161 DOI: 10.4161/gmic.26277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is predominantly acquired early in life. The prevalence of the infection in childhood is low in developed countries, whereas in developing countries most children are infected by 10 y of age. In poor resource settings, where malnutrition, parasitic/enteropathogen and H. pylori infection co-exist in young children, H. pylori might have potentially more diverse clinical outcomes. This paper reviews the impact of childhood H. pylori infection in developing countries that should now be the urgent focus of future research. The extra-gastric manifestations in early H. pylori infection in infants in poor resource settings might be a consequence of the infection associated initial hypochlorhydria. The potential role of H. pylori infection on iron deficiency, growth impairment, diarrheal disease, malabsorption and cognitive function is discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dulciene MM Queiroz
- Laboratory of Research in Bacteriology; Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Andreia MC Rocha
- Laboratory of Research in Bacteriology; Faculdade de Medicina; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jean E Crabtree
- Leeds Institute Molecular Medicine; St. James’s University Hospital; University of Leeds; Leeds, UK,Correspondence to: Jean E Crabtree,
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Mueller K, Sunami Y, Stuetzle M, Guldiken N, Kucukoglu O, Mueller S, Kulaksiz H, Schwarz P, Strnad P. CHOP-mediated hepcidin suppression modulates hepatic iron load. J Pathol 2013; 231:532-42. [PMID: 23749468 DOI: 10.1002/path.4221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The liver is the central regulator of iron metabolism and accordingly, chronic liver diseases often lead to systemic iron overload due to diminished expression of the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin. To study the largely unknown regulation of iron metabolism in the context of hepatic disease, we used two established models of chronic liver injury, ie repeated carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) or thioacetamide (TAA) injections. To determine the impact of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)-homologous protein (CHOP) on hepcidin production, the effect of a single TAA injection was determined in wild-type and CHOP knockout mice. Furthermore, CHOP and hepcidin expression was assessed in control subjects and patients with alcoholic liver disease. Both chronic injury models developed a distinct iron overload in macrophages. TAA-, but not CCl(4) - injected mice displayed additional iron accumulation in hepatocytes, resulting in a significant hepatic and systemic iron overload which was due to suppressed hepcidin levels. C/EBPα signalling, a known hepcidin inducer, was markedly inhibited in TAA mice, due to lower C/EBPα levels and overexpression of CHOP, a C/EBPα inhibitor. A single TAA injection resulted in a long-lasting (> 6 days) suppression of hepcidin levels and CHOP knockouts (compared to wild-types) displayed significantly attenuated hepcidin down-regulation in response to acute TAA administration. CHOP mRNA levels increased 5-fold in alcoholic liver disease patients versus controls (p < 0.005) and negatively correlated with hepcidin expression. Our results establish CHOP as an important regulator of hepatic hepcidin expression in chronic liver disease. The differences in iron metabolism between the two widely used fibrosis models likely reflect the differential regulation of hepcidin expression in human liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Mueller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Yang I, Nell S, Suerbaum S. Survival in hostile territory: the microbiota of the stomach. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2013; 37:736-61. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6976.12027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
|
50
|
Maisetta G, Vitali A, Scorciapino MA, Rinaldi AC, Petruzzelli R, Brancatisano FL, Esin S, Stringaro A, Colone M, Luzi C, Bozzi A, Campa M, Batoni G. pH-dependent disruption of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and model membranes by the human antimicrobial peptides hepcidin 20 and 25. FEBS J 2013; 280:2842-54. [PMID: 23587102 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The human hepcidin 25 (hep-25) and its isoform hepcidin 20 (hep-20) are histidine-containing, cystein rich, β-sheet structured peptides endowed with antimicrobial activity. We previously reported that, similar to other histidine-containing peptides, the microbicidal effects of hep-25 and hep-20 are highly enhanced at acidic pH. In the present study, we investigated whether pH influences the mode of action of hep-25 and hep-20 on Escherichia coli American Type Culture Collection 25922 and model membranes. A striking release of β-galactosidase by hepcidin-treated E. coli was observed at pH 5.0, whereas no inner membrane permeabilization capacity was seen at pH 7.4, even at bactericidal concentrations. Similar results were obtained by flow cytometry when assessing the internalization of propidium iodide by hepcidin-treated E. coli. Scanning electron microscope imaging revealed that both peptides induced the formation of numerous blebs on the surface of bacterial cells at acidic pH but not at neutral pH. Moreover, a phospholipid/polydiacetylene colourimetric vesicle assay revealed a more evident membrane damaging effect at pH 5.0 than at pH 7.4. The leakage of entrapped dextrans of increasing molecular size from liposomes was also assessed at pH 7.4. Consistent with the lack of β-galactosidase release from whole E. coli observed at such a pH value, evident leakage of only the smallest 4-kDa dextran (and not of dextrans of 20 or 70 kDa) was observed, indicating a poor ability of hepcidin peptides to permeabilize liposome vesicles at pH 7.4. Altogether, the data obtained in the present study using different approaches strongly suggest that the ability of hepcidins to perturb bacterial membranes is markedly pH-dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppantonio Maisetta
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, University of Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|