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Human glycoprotein-2 expressed in Brunner glands - A putative autoimmune target and link between Crohn's and coeliac disease. Clin Immunol 2023; 247:109214. [PMID: 36608744 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.109214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Glycoprotein 2 (GP2) is an autoantigen in Crohn's (CD) and coeliac disease (CeD). We assessed GP2-isoform (GP21-4)-expression in intestinal biopsies of paediatric patients with CD, CeD, ulcerative colitis (UC), and healthy children (HC). Transcription of GP21-4 was elevated in proximal small intestine in CeD and CD patients (only GP22/4) compared to jejunum (CeD/CD) and large bowel (CD). CeD patients demonstrated higher duodenal GP22/4-mRNA levels compared to HC/UC patients whereas CD patients showed higher GP24-mRNA levels compared to UC patients. Duodenal synthesis of only small GP2 isoforms (GP23/4) was demonstrated in epithelial cells in patients/HC and in Brunner glands (also large isoforms) with a more frequent apical location in CD/CeD patients. All four GP2 isoforms interacted with gliadin and phosphopeptidomannan. Gliadin digestion improved binding to GP2 isoforms. GP21-4 binding to CeD/CD-related antigens, elevated duodenal GP21-4-mRNA transcription, and GP2-protein secretion in Brunner glands of CeD/CD patients suggest an autoimmune CeD/CD link.
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2
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Adhesion of enteropathogenic, enterotoxigenic and commensal Escherichia coli to the Major Zymogen Granule Membrane Glycoprotein 2. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0227921. [PMID: 35020452 PMCID: PMC8904060 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02279-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria, such as enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), cause diarrhea in mammals. In particular, E. coli colonizes and infects the gastrointestinal tract via type 1 fimbriae (T1F). Here, the major zymogen granule membrane glycoprotein 2 (GP2) acts as a host cell receptor. GP2 is also secreted by the pancreas and various mucous glands, interacting with luminal type 1 fimbriae-positive E. coli. It is unknown whether GP2 isoforms demonstrate specific E. coli pathotype binding. In this study, we investigated interactions of human, porcine, and bovine EPEC and ETEC, as well as commensal E. coli isolates with human, porcine, and bovine GP2. We first defined pathotype- and host-associated FimH variants. Second, we could prove that GP2 isoforms bound to FimH variants to various degrees. However, the GP2-FimH interactions did not seem to be influenced by the host specificity of E. coli. In contrast, soluble GP2 affected ETEC infection and phagocytosis rates of macrophages. Preincubation of the ETEC pathotype with GP2 reduced the infection of cell lines. Furthermore, preincubation of E. coli with GP2 improved the phagocytosis rate of macrophages. Our findings suggest that GP2 plays a role in the defense against E. coli infection and in the corresponding host immune response. IMPORTANCE Infection by pathogenic bacteria, such as certain Escherichia coli pathotypes, results in diarrhea in mammals. Pathogens, including zoonotic agents, can infect different hosts or show host specificity. There are Escherichia coli strains which are frequently transmitted between humans and animals, whereas other Escherichia coli strains tend to colonize only one host. This host specificity is still not fully understood. We show that glycoprotein 2 is a selective receptor for particular Escherichia coli strains or variants of the adhesin FimH but not a selector for a species-specific Escherichia coli group. We demonstrate that GP2 is involved in the regulation of colonization and infection and thus represents a molecule of interest for the prevention or treatment of disease.
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3
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Kolenda R, Sidorczuk K, Noszka M, Aleksandrowicz A, Khan MM, Burdukiewicz M, Pickard D, Schierack P. Genome placement of alpha-haemolysin cluster is associated with alpha-haemolysin sequence variation, adhesin and iron acquisition factor profile of Escherichia coli. Microb Genom 2021; 7. [PMID: 34939560 PMCID: PMC8767327 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of haemolysis, many studies focused on a deeper understanding of this phenotype in Escherichia coli and its association with other virulence genes, diseases and pathogenic attributes/functions in the host. Our virulence-associated factor profiling and genome-wide association analysis of genomes of haemolytic and nonhaemolytic E. coli unveiled high prevalence of adhesins, iron acquisition genes and toxins in haemolytic bacteria. In the case of fimbriae with high prevalence, we analysed sequence variation of FimH, EcpD and CsgA, and showed that different adhesin variants were present in the analysed groups, indicating altered adhesive capabilities of haemolytic and nonhaemolytic E. coli. Analysis of over 1000 haemolytic E. coli genomes revealed that they are pathotypically, genetically and antigenically diverse, but their adhesin and iron acquisition repertoire is associated with genome placement of hlyCABD cluster. Haemolytic E. coli with chromosome-encoded alpha-haemolysin had high frequency of P, S, Auf fimbriae and multiple iron acquisition systems such as aerobactin, yersiniabactin, salmochelin, Fec, Sit, Bfd and hemin uptake systems. Haemolytic E. coli with plasmid-encoded alpha-haemolysin had similar adhesin profile to nonpathogenic E. coli, with high prevalence of Stg, Yra, Ygi, Ycb, Ybg, Ycf, Sfm, F9 fimbriae, Paa, Lda, intimin and type 3 secretion system encoding genes. Analysis of HlyCABD sequence variation revealed presence of variants associated with genome placement and pathotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Kolenda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sidorczuk
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Mateusz Noszka
- Department of Microbiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Adrianna Aleksandrowicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Muhammad Moman Khan
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Michał Burdukiewicz
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Derek Pickard
- Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Schierack
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Public Health Campus Brandenburg, Brandenburg, Germany
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Derer S, Brethack AK, Pietsch C, Jendrek ST, Nitzsche T, Bokemeyer A, Hov JR, Schäffler H, Bettenworth D, Grassl GA, Sina C. Inflammatory Bowel Disease-associated GP2 Autoantibodies Inhibit Mucosal Immune Response to Adherent-invasive Bacteria. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:1856-1868. [PMID: 32304568 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli have been suggested to play a pivotal role within the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Autoantibodies against distinct splicing variants of glycoprotein 2 (GP2), an intestinal receptor of the bacterial adhesin FimH, frequently occur in IBD patients. Hence, we aimed to functionally characterize GP2-directed autoantibodies as a putative part of IBD's pathophysiology. Ex vivo, GP2-splicing variant 4 (GP2#4) but not variant 2 was expressed on intestinal M or L cells with elevated expression patterns in IBD patients. The GP2#4 expression was induced in vitro by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The IBD-associated GP2 autoantibodies inhibited FimH binding to GP2#4 and were decreased in anti-TNFα-treated Crohn's disease patients with ileocolonic disease manifestation. In vivo, mice immunized against GP2 before infection with adherent-invasive bacteria displayed exacerbated intestinal inflammation. In summary, autoimmunity against intestinal expressed GP2#4 results in enhanced attachment of flagellated bacteria to the intestinal epithelium and thereby may drive IBD's pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Derer
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Molecular Gastroenterology, University Hospital Schleswig- Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Brethack
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Molecular Gastroenterology, University Hospital Schleswig- Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Carlotta Pietsch
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Molecular Gastroenterology, University Hospital Schleswig- Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sebastian T Jendrek
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas Nitzsche
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Molecular Gastroenterology, University Hospital Schleswig- Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute for Experimental Immunology, Euroimmun Corp., Lübeck, Germany
| | - Arne Bokemeyer
- Department of Medicine B, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes R Hov
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Norwegian PSC Research Center, Section of Gastroenterology and Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Holger Schäffler
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Gastroenterology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Dominik Bettenworth
- Department of Medicine B, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Guntram A Grassl
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Sina
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, Molecular Gastroenterology, University Hospital Schleswig- Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,1st Department of Medicine, Section of Nutritional Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Lopens S, Krawczyk M, Papp M, Milkiewicz P, Schierack P, Liu Y, Wunsch E, Conrad K, Roggenbuck D. The search for the Holy Grail: autoantigenic targets in primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with disease phenotype and neoplasia. AUTOIMMUNITY HIGHLIGHTS 2020; 11:6. [PMID: 32178720 PMCID: PMC7077156 DOI: 10.1186/s13317-020-00129-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Unlike in other autoimmune liver diseases such as autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cholangitis, the role and nature of autoantigenic targets in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), a progressive, chronic, immune-mediated, life threatening, genetically predisposed, cholestatic liver illness, is poorly elucidated. Although anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) have been associated with the occurrence of PSC, their corresponding targets have not yet been identified entirely. Genome-wide association studies revealed a significant number of immune-related and even disease-modifying susceptibility loci for PSC. However, these loci did not allow discerning a clear autoimmune pattern nor do the therapy options and the male gender preponderance in PSC support a pathogenic role of autoimmune responses. Nevertheless, PSC is characterized by the co-occurrence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) demonstrating autoimmune responses. The identification of novel autoantigenic targets in IBD such as the major zymogen granule membrane glycoprotein 2 (GP2) or the appearance of proteinase 3 (PR3) autoantibodies (autoAbs) have refocused the interest on a putative association of loss of tolerance with the IBD phenotype and consequently with the PSC phenotype. Not surprisingly, the report of an association between GP2 IgA autoAbs and disease severity in patients with PSC gave a new impetus to autoAb research for autoimmune liver diseases. It might usher in a new era of serological research in this field. The mucosal loss of tolerance against the microbiota-sensing GP2 modulating innate and adaptive intestinal immunity and its putative role in the pathogenesis of PSC will be elaborated in this review. Furthermore, other potential PSC-related autoantigenic targets such as the neutrophil PR3 will be discussed. GP2 IgA may represent a group of new pathogenic antibodies, which share characteristics of both type 2 and 3 of antibody-mediated hypersensitive reactions according to Coombs and Gell.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcin Krawczyk
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Hospital, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany.,Liver and Internal Medicine Unit, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Papp
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Piotr Milkiewicz
- Liver and Internal Medicine Unit, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Peter Schierack
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Yudong Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ewa Wunsch
- Translational Medicine Group, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Karsten Conrad
- Institute of Immunology, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dirk Roggenbuck
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany. .,Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and the University of Potsdam, Universitätsplatz 1, 01968, Senftenberg, Germany.
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Cummings D, Cruise M, Lopez R, Roggenbuck D, Jairath V, Wang Y, Shen B, Rieder F. Loss of tolerance to glycoprotein 2 isoforms 1 and 4 is associated with Crohn's disease of the pouch. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2018; 48:1251-1259. [PMID: 30411391 DOI: 10.1111/apt.15034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zymogen granule glycoprotein 2 (GP2) is a major autoantigen of Crohn's disease-specific pancreatic autoantibodies. AIM To test a link between loss of tolerance to isoforms of GP2 and pouch disorders in a cross-sectional study in ulcerative colitis patients with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA). METHODS Serum samples of 117 consecutive ulcerative colitis patients after IPAA were tested for presence of Anti-GP2 isoforms 1 (GP21 ) & 4 (GP24 ) IgG and IgA as well as anti-Saccaromyces cervisiae (ASCA) IgG and IgA antibodies in a blinded fashion via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pouch disorders were diagnosed based on clinical, endoscopic, histological and radiographic criteria. Crohn's disease of the pouch was defined as involvement of the small bowel mucosa proximal to the ileal pouch with Crohn's disease, development of perianal complications or pouch fistula more than 3 months after ileostomy closure. RESULTS Positivity and level of Anti-GP21 IgG (AUC 0.77; P < 0.001 & P = 0.02, respectively), Anti-GP24 IgG (AUC 0.74; P < 0.001 & P = 0.025, respectively) and Anti-GP24 IgA (AUC 0.77; P < 0.001 to P = 0.018, respectively) were specifically associated with Crohn's disease of the pouch. Anti-GP2 was not associated with endoscopic or histological pouch disease activity index. Neither positivity nor levels of ASCA IgG (AUC 0.63; P = 0.12 & P = 0.35, respectively) or ASCA IgA (AUC 0.67; P = 0.38 & P = 0.53) were associated with pouch phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS The novel anti-GP21 and GP24 antibodies are associated with Crohn's disease of the pouch in ulcerative colitis patients after IPAA. Serological anti-GP2 antibodies could aid in diagnosis of Crohn's disease of the pouch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donelle Cummings
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Michael Cruise
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Rocio Lopez
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Dirk Roggenbuck
- Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Vipul Jairath
- Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Yinghong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.,University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
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7
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Sowa M, Kolenda R, Baumgart DC, Pratschke J, Papp M, Tornai T, Suchanski J, Bogdanos DP, Mytilinaiou MG, Hammermann J, Laass MW, Conrad K, Schramm C, Franke A, Roggenbuck D, Schierack P. Mucosal Autoimmunity to Cell-Bound GP2 Isoforms Is a Sensitive Marker in PSC and Associated With the Clinical Phenotype. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1959. [PMID: 30233574 PMCID: PMC6127632 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Zymogen granule glycoprotein 2 (GP2) was demonstrated as first autoimmune mucosal target in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) associated with disease severity. Autoantibodies to four GP2 isoforms (aGP21-4) were found in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases but reactivity against specific GP2 epitopes has not been investigated in PSC yet. Hence, the prevalence of aGP21-4 and their association with the PSC phenotype for risk prediction were examined. Methods: GP2 isoforms were stably expressed as glycosylphosphatidyl - inositol-anchored molecules in the membrane of HEp-2 cells and used as autoantigenic targets in indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). aGP21-4 IgA and IgG were detected by IFA in 212 PSC patients of four European university hospitals and 145 controls comprising 95 patients with cystic fibrosis and 50 healthy subjects. Results: Combined aGP21 and aGP24 IgA testing with a sensitivity of 66.0% and a specificity of 97.9% resulted in the best diagnostic performance (Youden index: 0.64) regarding all aGP2 and combinations thereof. aGP24 IgA positivity is significantly associated with the presence of cirrhosis in PSC (p = 0.0056). Logistic regression revealed the occurrence of aGP21 IgA (odds ratio [OR] 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.86) and aGP24 IgA (OR 1.52, 95%CI: 1.07-2.15) along with male gender (OR 0.51, 95%CI: 0.27-0.97) and older age (OR 1.03 95%CI: 1.01-1.05) as significant risks for the concomitant presence of cirrhosis in PSC. Conclusions: Combined aGP21 and aGP24 IgA analysis is preferred to single aGP2 isoform analysis for sensitive PSC autoantibody testing. Positivity for aGP21 and aGP24 IgA is associated with cirrhosis in PSC and could be used for risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandy Sowa
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus–Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Rafał Kolenda
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus–Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Daniel C. Baumgart
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Charité Medical School, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johann Pratschke
- Department of Surgery, Charité Medical School, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Papp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamas Tornai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Jaroslaw Suchanski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dimitrios P. Bogdanos
- Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London School of Medicine at King‘s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria G. Mytilinaiou
- Division of Transplantation Immunology and Mucosal Biology, King's College London School of Medicine at King‘s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Jutta Hammermann
- Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin W. Laass
- Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karsten Conrad
- Institute of Immunology, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Schramm
- I. Department of Medicine and Martin Zeitz Centre for Rare Diseases, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Dirk Roggenbuck
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus–Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
- GA Generic Assays GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Schierack
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus–Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
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8
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Kolenda R, Burdukiewicz M, Schiebel J, Rödiger S, Sauer L, Szabo I, Orłowska A, Weinreich J, Nitschke J, Böhm A, Gerber U, Roggenbuck D, Schierack P. Adhesion of Salmonella to Pancreatic Secretory Granule Membrane Major Glycoprotein GP2 of Human and Porcine Origin Depends on FimH Sequence Variation. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1905. [PMID: 30186250 PMCID: PMC6113376 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial host tropism is a primary determinant of the range of host organisms they can infect. Salmonella serotypes are differentiated into host-restricted and host-adapted specialists, and host-unrestricted generalists. In order to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of host specificity in Salmonella infection, we investigated the role of the intestinal host cell receptor zymogen granule membrane glycoprotein 2 (GP2), which is recognized by FimH adhesin of type 1 fimbriae found in Enterobacteriaceae. We compared four human and two porcine GP2 isoforms. Isoforms were expressed in Sf9 cells as well as in one human (HEp-2) and one porcine (IPEC-J2) cell line. FimH genes of 128 Salmonella isolates were sequenced and the 10 identified FimH variants were compared regarding adhesion (static adhesion assay) and infection (cell line assay) using an isogenic model. We expressed and characterized two functional porcine GP2 isoforms differing in their amino acid sequence to human isoforms by approximately 25%. By comparing all isoforms in the static adhesion assay, FimH variants were assigned to high, low or no-binding phenotypes. This FimH variant-dependent binding was neither specific for one GP2 isoform nor for GP2 in general. However, cell line infection assays revealed fundamental differences: using HEp-2 cells, infection was also FimH variant-specific but mainly independent of human GP2. In contrast, this FimH variant dependency was not obvious using IPEC-J2 cells. Here, we propose an alternative GP2 adhesion/infection mechanism whereby porcine GP2 is not a receptor that determined host-specificity of Salmonella. Salmonella specialists as well as generalists demonstrated similar binding to GP2. Future studies should focus on spatial distribution of GP2 isoforms in the human and porcine intestine, especially comparing health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Kolenda
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Burdukiewicz
- Faculty of Mathematics and Information Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Juliane Schiebel
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Rödiger
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Lysann Sauer
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Istvan Szabo
- National Salmonella Reference Laboratory, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Berlin, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Orłowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jörg Weinreich
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Nitschke
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Böhm
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Gerber
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Roggenbuck
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
- GA Generic Assays GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Schierack
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
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9
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Antibodies against glycoprotein 2 display diagnostic advantages over ASCA in distinguishing CD from intestinal tuberculosis and intestinal Behçet's disease. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2018; 9:e133. [PMID: 29446764 PMCID: PMC5830545 DOI: 10.1038/ctg.2018.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: There is an increasing need to identify reliable biomarkers for distinguishing Crohn’s disease (CD) from other gastrointestinal disorders sharing similar clinical and pathological features. This study aimed at evaluating the diagnostic potential of antibodies to zymogen granule glycoprotein GP2 (aGP2) in a large, well-defined Chinese cohort with a special focus on their role in discriminating CD from intestinal Behçet's disease (BD) and intestinal tubercolosis (ITB). Methods: A total of 577 subjects were prospectively enrolled, including 171 patients with CD, 208 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), 71 with BD, 57 with ITB and 70 healthy controls (HC). aGP2 and anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA) were determined by ELISA. Perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies were tested by indirect immunofluorescent assay. Results: aGP2 IgG and IgA levels were significantly elevated in patients with CD compared with those in patients with UC, intestinal BD, and ITB and HC. Conversely, ASCA IgG levels were not different between CD and intestinal BD patients, whereas ASCA IgA levels did not discriminate CD from intestinal BD and ITB patients. aGP2 IgA and IgG displayed a better assay performance (larger areas under the curve) over ASCA IgA and IgG in differentiating CD from disease controls (P<0.05). ASCA IgA did not discriminate CD from disease controls. aGP2 IgA and/or IgG was significantly associated with penetrating disease (B3) and ileal CD (L1) (P<0.05), whereas ASCA IgA and/or IgG was not. Conclusions: In comparison with ASCA, aGP2 distinguishes CD from intestinal BD or ITB as disease controls more efficiently, aiding in the differential diagnosis of IBD.
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Loss of tolerance to gut immunity protein, glycoprotein 2 (GP2) is associated with progressive disease course in primary sclerosing cholangitis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:399. [PMID: 29321484 PMCID: PMC5762861 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18622-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycoprotein 2[GP2] is a specific target of pancreatic autoantibodies[PAbs] in Crohn’s disease(CD) and is involved in gut innate immunity processes. Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence and prognostic potential of PAbs in primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC). Sixty-five PSC patients were tested for PAbs by indirect immunofluorescence and compared with healthy (n = 100) and chronic liver disease controls(CLD, n = 488). Additionally, a panel of anti-microbial antibodies and secretory (s)IgA levels were measured, as markers of bacterial translocation and immune dysregulation. PAbs were more frequent in PSC(46.2%) compared to controls(healthy:0% and CLD:4.5%), [P < 0.001, for each]. Occurrence of anti-GP2 antibody was 30.8% (20/65) and was exclusively of IgA isotype. Anti-GP2 IgA positive patients had higher sIgA levels (P = 0.021). With flow-cytometry, 68.4% (13/19) of anti-GP2 IgA antibodies were bound with secretory component, suggesting an active retro-transportation of anti-GP2 from the gut lumen to the mucosa. Anti-GP2 IgA was associated with shorter transplant-free survival [PLogRank < 0.01] during the prospective follow-up (median, IQR: 87 [9–99] months) and remained an independent predictor after adjusting for Mayo risk score(HR: 4.69 [1.05–21.04], P = 0.043). These results highlight the significance of gut-liver interactions in PSC. Anti-GP2 IgA might be a valuable tool for risk stratification in PSC and considered as a potential therapeutic target.
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Grzymajlo K, Ugorski M, Suchanski J, Kedzierska AE, Kolenda R, Jarzab A, Biernatowska A, Schierack P. The Novel Type 1 Fimbriae FimH Receptor Calreticulin Plays a Role in Salmonella Host Specificity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:326. [PMID: 28770174 PMCID: PMC5516122 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
It was suggested that minor differences in the structure of FimH are most likely associated with differences in its adhesion specificities and may determine the tropism of various Salmonella serovars to different species and tissues. We have recently shown that FimH adhesins from host-adapted serovars, e.g., Salmonella Choleraesuis (SCh), bind to other glycoprotein receptors compared to FimH from host-unrestricted Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). Here we identify porcine calreticulin expressed by swine intestinal cells as a host-specific receptor for SCh FimH adhesin, suggesting that such an interaction may contribute to SCh host specificity. Calreticulin was identified by 2D electrophoresis and mass spectrometry as a glycoprotein that was bound specifically by recombinant SCh FimH protein, but not by FimH from SE. The functionality of calreticulin as a specific receptor of SCh FimH adhesin was further confirmed by adhesion and invasion of mutated strains of SCh carrying different variants of FimH proteins to IPEC-J2 cells with overexpression and silenced expression of calreticulin. It was found that SCh carrying the active variant of FimH adhered and invaded IPEC-J2 cells with calreticulin overexpression at significantly higher numbers than those of SCh expressing the non-active variant or SE variant of FimH. Moreover, binding of SCh carrying the active variant of FimH to IPEC-J2 with silenced calreticulin expression was significantly weaker. Furthermore, we observed that SCh infection induces translocation of calreticulin to cell membrane. All of the aforementioned results lead to the general conclusion that Salmonella host specificity requires not only special mechanisms and proteins expressed by the pathogen but also specifically recognized receptors expressed by a specific host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Grzymajlo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life SciencesWrocław, Poland
| | - Maciej Ugorski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life SciencesWrocław, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Suchanski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life SciencesWrocław, Poland
| | - Anna E Kedzierska
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of SciencesWrocław, Poland
| | - Rafal Kolenda
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-SenftenbergSenftenberg, Germany
| | - Anna Jarzab
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of SciencesWrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Biernatowska
- Laboratory of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of WrocławWrocław, Poland
| | - Peter Schierack
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-SenftenbergSenftenberg, Germany
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Roggenbuck D, Goihl A, Hanack K, Holzlöhner P, Hentschel C, Veiczi M, Schierack P, Reinhold D, Schulz HU. Serological diagnosis and prognosis of severe acute pancreatitis by analysis of serum glycoprotein 2. Clin Chem Lab Med 2017; 55:854-864. [PMID: 27837595 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2016-0797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycoprotein 2 (GP2), the pancreatic major zymogen granule membrane glycoprotein, was reported to be elevated in acute pancreatitis in animal models. METHODS Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were developed to evaluate human glycoprotein 2 isoform alpha (GP2a) and total GP2 (GP2t) as specific markers for acute pancreatitis in sera of 153 patients with acute pancreatitis, 26 with chronic pancreatitis, 125 with pancreatic neoplasms, 324 with non-pancreatic neoplasms, 109 patients with liver/biliary disease, 67 with gastrointestinal disease, and 101 healthy subjects. GP2a and GP2t levels were correlated with procalcitonin and C-reactive protein in 152 and 146 follow-up samples of acute pancreatitis patients, respectively. RESULTS The GP2a ELISA revealed a significantly higher assay accuracy in contrast to the GP2t assay (sensitivity ≤3 disease days: 91.7%, specificity: 96.7%, positive likelihood ratio [LR+]: 24.6, LR-: 0.09). GP2a and GP2t levels as well as prevalences were significantly elevated in early acute pancreatitis (≤3 disease days) compared to all control cohorts (p<0.05, respectively). GP2a and GP2t levels were significantly higher in patients with severe acute pancreatitis at admission compared with mild cases (p<0.05, respectively). Odds ratio for GP2a regarding mild vs. severe acute pancreatitis with lethal outcome was 7.8 on admission (p=0.0222). GP2a and GP2t levels were significantly correlated with procalcitonin [Spearman's rank coefficient of correlation (ρ)=0.21, 0.26; p=0.0110, 0.0012; respectively] and C-reactive protein (ρ=0.37, 0.40; p<0.0001; respectively). CONCLUSIONS Serum GP2a is a specific marker of acute pancreatitis and analysis of GP2a can aid in the differential diagnosis of acute upper abdominal pain and prognosis of severe acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Roggenbuck
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg
| | - Alexander Goihl
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg
| | - Katja Hanack
- Chair of Immunotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam
| | - Pamela Holzlöhner
- Chair of Immunotechnology, Department of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam
| | | | | | - Peter Schierack
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg
| | - Dirk Reinhold
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg
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Liebsch C, Rödiger S, Böhm A, Nitschke J, Weinreich J, Fruth A, Roggenbuck D, Lehmann W, Schedler U, Juretzek T, Schierack P. Solid-phase microbead array for multiplex O-serotyping of Escherichia coli. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2088-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Schmidt C, Rödiger S, Gruner M, Moncsek A, Stohwasser R, Hanack K, Schierack P, Schröder C. Multiplex localization of sequential peptide epitopes by use of a planar microbead chip. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 908:150-60. [PMID: 26826697 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Epitope mapping is crucial for the characterization of protein-specific antibodies. Commonly, small overlapping peptides are chemically synthesized and immobilized to determine the specific peptide sequence. In this study, we report the use of a fast and inexpensive planar microbead chip for epitope mapping. We developed a generic strategy for expressing recombinant peptide libraries instead of using expensive synthetic peptide libraries. A biotin moiety was introduced in vivo at a defined peptide position using biotin ligase. Peptides in crude Escherichia coli lysate were coupled onto streptavidin-coated microbeads by incubation, thereby avoiding tedious purification procedures. For read-out we used a multiplex planar microbead chip with size- and fluorescence-encoded microbead populations. For epitope mapping, up to 18 populations of peptide-loaded microbeads (at least 20 microbeads per peptide) displaying the primary sequence of a protein were analyzed simultaneously. If an epitope was recognized by an antibody, a secondary fluorescence-labeled antibody generated a signal that was quantified, and the mean value of all microbeads in the population was calculated. We mapped the epitopes for rabbit anti-PA28γ (proteasome activator 28γ) polyclonal serum, for a murine monoclonal antibody against PA28γ, and for a murine monoclonal antibody against the hamster polyoma virus major capsid protein VP1 as models. In each case, the identification of one distinct peptide sequence out of up to 18 sequences was possible. Using this approach, an epitope can be mapped multiparametrically within three weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Schmidt
- Brandenburg Technical University Cottbus - Senftenberg, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Großenhainer Straße 57, D-01968 Senftenberg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Rödiger
- Brandenburg Technical University Cottbus - Senftenberg, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Großenhainer Straße 57, D-01968 Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Gruner
- Brandenburg Technical University Cottbus - Senftenberg, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Großenhainer Straße 57, D-01968 Senftenberg, Germany; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology and Autoinflammatory Reference Centre at Charité, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Moncsek
- Brandenburg Technical University Cottbus - Senftenberg, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Großenhainer Straße 57, D-01968 Senftenberg, Germany; Institute for Biochemistry, University Medicine Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Stohwasser
- Brandenburg Technical University Cottbus - Senftenberg, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Großenhainer Straße 57, D-01968 Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Katja Hanack
- University of Potsdam, Chair Immunotechnology, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, D-14476 Potsdam - Golm, Germany
| | - Peter Schierack
- Brandenburg Technical University Cottbus - Senftenberg, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Großenhainer Straße 57, D-01968 Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Christian Schröder
- Brandenburg Technical University Cottbus - Senftenberg, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Großenhainer Straße 57, D-01968 Senftenberg, Germany
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Abstract
Inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) has been linked to a loss of tolerance to self-antigens suggesting the existence of autoantibodies in specific disease phenotypes. However, the lack of clearly defined autoantigenic targets has slowed down research. Genome-wide association studies have identified an impressive number of immune-related susceptibility loci for IBD with no clearly discernible pattern among them. Growing evidence supports the hypothesis that innate immune responses to a low-diversity and impaired gut microbiota may be of key importance in initiating and perpetuating chronic inflammation in IBD. Increasing evidence suggests that reduced microbial diversity and microbial-mucosal epithelium interaction (including adhesion and clearance) are critically involved in IBD pathogenesis. Along these lines the discovery of autoantigenic targets in Crohn's disease (CD) has refocused research in IBD on the possible role of autoimmune responses. The identification of the major zymogen granule membrane glycoprotein 2 (GP2) as an autoantigen in CD patients and its proposed role in the sensing of the microbiota lends credence to this trend. Loss of tolerance to GP2 occurs in up to 40% of patients with CD. Corresponding autoantibodies appear to be associated with distinct disease courses (types or phenotypes) in CD. Here, we critically review autoantibodies in CD for their impact on clinical practice and future IBD research. The immunomodulatory role of GP2 in innate and adaptive intestinal immunity is also discussed.
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Zhang S, Wu Z, Luo J, Ding X, Hu C, Li P, Deng C, Zhang F, Qian J, Li Y. Diagnostic Potential of Zymogen Granule Glycoprotein 2 Antibodies as Serologic Biomarkers in Chinese Patients With Crohn Disease. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1654. [PMID: 26496271 PMCID: PMC4620836 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The need for reliable biomarkers for distinguishing Crohn disease (CD) from ulcerative colitis (UC) is increasing. This study aimed at evaluating the diagnostic potential of anti-GP2 antibodies as a biomarker in Chinese patients with CD. In addition, a variety of autoantibodies, including anti-saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA), perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (PANCA), anti-intestinal goblet cell autoantibodies (GAB), and anti-pancreatic autoantibodies (PAB), were evaluated.A total of 91 subjects were prospectively enrolled in this study, including 35 patients with CD, 35 patients with UC, 13 patients with non-IBD gastrointestinal diseases as disease controls (non-IBD DC), and 8 healthy controls (HC). The diagnosis of IBD was determined based on the Lennard-Jones criteria, and the clinical phenotypes of the IBD patients were determined based on the Montreal Classification.Anti-GP2 IgG antibodies were significantly elevated in patients with CD, compared with patients with UC (P = 0.0038), HC (P = 0.0055), and non-IBD DC (P = 0.0063). The prevalence of anti-GP2 IgG, anti-GP2 IgA and anti-GP2 IgA, or IgG antibodies in patients with CD was 40.0%, 37.1%, and 54.3%, respectively, which were higher than those in non-IBD DC (anti-GP2 IgG, 15.4%; anti-GP2 IgA, 7.7%; and anti-GP2 IgA or IgG, 23.1%) and those in patients with UC (anti-GP2 IgG, 11.4%; anti-GP2 IgA, 2.9%; and anti-GP2 IgA or IgG, 14.3%). For distinguishing CD from UC, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and positive likelihood ratios (LR+) were 40%, 88.6%, 77.8%, and 3.51 for anti-GP2 IgG, 37.1%, 97.1%, 92.9%, and 13.0 for anti-GP2 IgA, and 54.3%, 85.3%, 79.2%, and 3.69 for anti-GP2 IgA or IgG. For CD diagnosis, the combination of anti-GP2 antibodies with ASCA IgA increased the sensitivity to 68.6% with moderate loss of specificity to 74.3%. Spearman's rank of order revealed a significantly positive correlation of anti-GP2 IgG with ileocolonic location of disease (L3) (P = 0.043) and a negative correlation of anti-GP2 IgA with biologic therapy (P = 0.012).Our findings suggest that anti-GP2 antibodies could serve as a biomarker for distinguishing patients with CD from patients with UC, and the combination of anti-GP2 antibodies with ASCA IgA may improve the predictive power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulan Zhang
- From the Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education (SZ, ZW, CH, PL, CD, FZ, YL); Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing (JQ); Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi (JL); and Clinical Laboratory, General Hospital of CNPC, Jilin, China (XD)
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Papp M, Sipeki N, Tornai T, Altorjay I, Norman GL, Shums Z, Roggenbuck D, Fechner K, Stöcker W, Antal-Szalmas P, Veres G, Lakatos PL. Rediscovery of the Anti-Pancreatic Antibodies and Evaluation of their Prognostic Value in a Prospective Clinical Cohort of Crohn's Patients: The Importance of Specific Target Antigens [GP2 and CUZD1]. J Crohns Colitis 2015; 9:659-68. [PMID: 25968583 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjv087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Glycoprotein 2[GP2] and CUB zona pellucida-like domain 1[CUZD1] belong to protein families involved in gut innate immunity processes and have recently been identified as specific targets of anti-pancreatic autoantibodies [PAbs] in Crohn's disease[CD]. We aimed to determine the prognostic potential of novel target-specific PAbs regarding long-term disease course of an adult CD patient cohort. METHODS Sera of 458 consecutive well-characterised IBD patients from a single referral IBD centre were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] with isoform 4 of recombinant GP2 [anti-MZGP2 and anti-GP2 IgA/IgG] and indirect immunofluorescence test [IIFT] system with GP2 and CUZD1 expressing transfected HEK 293 cells [anti-rPAg2 and rPAg1 IgA/IgG]. Clinical data were available on complicated disease or surgical interventions as well as disease activity and medical treatment during the prospective follow-up [median, 108 months]. RESULTS Totals of 12.4% and 20.8% of CD patients were positive for IgA/IgG type of anti-GP2 and anti-CUZD1, respectively, with a significant difference compared with UC [p < 0.01]. Antibody status was stable over time. Agreement among three different anti-GP2 assays was good. Positivity for PAbs, mainly IgA subtypes, predicted a faster progression towards complicated disease course. In Kaplan-Meier analysis, time to surgery or development of perianal disease was associated with anti-GP2 IgA [pLogRank < 0.01] or anti-CUZD1 IgA [pLogRank < 0.001] positivity, respectively. Anti-CUZD1 IgA remained an independent predictor in the multivariate Cox-regression model (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.68-7.02, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The present study has shown that specific PAbs [especially IgA subtype] predict complicated disease course including the development of perianal disease in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papp
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Nora Sipeki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamas Tornai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Istvan Altorjay
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | | | - Dirk Roggenbuck
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany GA Generic Assays GmbH, Dahlewitz, Germany
| | - Kai Fechner
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Euroimmun AG, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Winfried Stöcker
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, Euroimmun AG, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Peter Antal-Szalmas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gabor Veres
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Laass MW, Röber N, Range U, Noß L, Roggenbuck D, Conrad K. Loss and Gain of Tolerance to Pancreatic Glycoprotein 2 in Celiac Disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128104. [PMID: 26047356 PMCID: PMC4457647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoantibodies against pancreatic secretory-granule membrane glycoprotein 2 (GP2) have been demonstrated in patients with Crohn's disease but recently also with celiac disease (CD). Both entities are characterized by intestinal barrier impairment with increased gut permeability. Pathophysiological hallmark of CD is a permanent loss of tolerance to alimentary gliadin and a transient loss of tolerance to the autoantigen human tissue transglutaminase (tTG). Therefore, we explored the behavior of loss of tolerance to GP2 reported in CD. METHODS We assessed prevalences and levels of autoantibodies against GP2, CD-specific antibodies to endomysial antigens and tTG as well as Crohn's disease-specific anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies in sera of 174 patients with active CD, 84 patients under gluten-free diet (GFD) and 129 controls. Furthermore, we looked for an association between anti-GP2 antibody positivity and degree of mucosal damage in CD. RESULTS We found significantly elevated anti-GP2 IgA positivity in active CD patients (19.5%) compared to CD patients under GFD (0.0%) and controls (5.4%, p < 0.001, respectively). Anti-GP2 IgA levels correlated significantly with CD-specific antibodies (p < 0.001). Anti-GP2 autoantibody positivity disappeared under GFD similarly to CD-specific autoantibodies against tTG and endomysial antigens. For the first time, IgA antibody levels to GP2 are demonstrated to be associated with degree of villous atrophy according to Marsh classification. CONCLUSIONS Anti-GP2 IgA seems to be associated with disease activity in a distinct subgroup of patients with CD. The observed loss of tolerance to GP2 in a subset of patients with CD is transient and disappears under GFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin W. Laass
- Children’s Hospital, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Nadja Röber
- Institute of Immunology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ursula Range
- Institute for Medical Informatics and Biometry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lydia Noß
- Children’s Hospital, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dirk Roggenbuck
- GA Generic Assays GmbH, 15827 Dahlewitz/Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Science, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Karsten Conrad
- Institute of Immunology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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